FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Stephens, KE Fichtner, KA AF Stephens, KE Fichtner, KA TI Pericardioscopy in the management of suspected hemopericardium SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID TRAUMA; WOUNDS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Stephens, KE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 1999 VL 47 IS 4 BP 793 EP 795 DI 10.1097/00005373-199910000-00034 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 247FE UT WOS:000083209800037 PM 10528623 ER PT J AU Bons, JP Kerrebrock, JL AF Bons, JP Kerrebrock, JL TI 1998 Heat Transfer Committee Best Paper Award - Complementary velocity and heat transfer measurements in a rotating cooling passage with smooth walls SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FLOW; CHANNEL; DUCT AB An experimental investigation was conducted on the internal flowfield of a simulated smooth-wall turbine blade cooling passage. The square cross-sectioned passage was manufactured from quartz for optical accessibility. Velocity measurements were taken using Particle Image Velocimetry for both heated and non-heated cases. Thin film resistive heaters on all four exterior walls of the passage allowed heat to be added to the coolant flow without obstructing laser access. Under the same conditions, an infrared detector with associated optics collected wall temperature data for use in calculating local Nusselt number. The test section was operated with radial outward flow and at values of Reynolds number and Rotation number typical of a small turbine blade. The density ratio was 0.27. Velocity data for the non-heated case document the evolution of the Coriolis-induced double vortex. The vortex has the effect of disproportionately increasing the leading side boundary layer thickness. Also, the streamwise component of the Coriolis acceleration creates a considerably thinned side wall boundary layer. Additionally, these data reveal a highly unsteady, turbulent flowfield in the cooling passage. Velocity data for the heated case show a strongly distorted streamwise profile indicative of a buoyancy effect on the leading side. The Coriolis vortex is the mechanism for the accumulation of stagnant pow on the leading side of the passage. Heat transfer data shell, a maximum factor of two difference in the Nusselt number from trailing side to leading side. A first-order estimate of this heat transfer disparity based on the measured boundary layer edge velocity yields approximately the same factor of two. A momentum integral model was developed for data interpretation, which accounts for coriolis and buoyancy effects. Calculated streamwise profiles and secondary flows match the experimental data well. The model, the velocity data, and the heat transfer data combine to strongly suggest the presence of separated flow on the leading wall starting at about five hydraulic diameters front the channel inlet for the conditions studied. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bons, JP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 1999 VL 121 IS 4 BP 651 EP 662 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 246LR UT WOS:000083165700003 ER PT J AU Hoying, DA Tan, CS Vo, HD Greitzer, EM AF Hoying, DA Tan, CS Vo, HD Greitzer, EM TI Role of blade passage flow structures in axial compressor rotating stall inception SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The influence of three-dimensional flow structures within a compressor blade passage has been examined computationally to determine their role in rotating stall inception. The computations displayed a short length-scale (or spike) type of stall inception similar to that seen in experiments; to the authors' knowledge this is the first time such a feature has been simulated. A central feature observed during the rotating stall inception was the tip clearance vortex moving forward of the blade row leading edge. Vortex kinematic arguments are used to provide a physical explanation of this motion as well as to motivate the conditions for its occurrence. The resulting criterion for this type of stall inception (the movement of the tip clearance vortex forward of the leading edge) depends upon local pow phenomena related to the tip clearance with the implication that for this and possibly other stall mechanisms the flow structure within the blade passages must be addressed to explain the stability of an axial compression system that exhibits such short length-scale disturbances. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Gas Turbine Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Hoying, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 92 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 1999 VL 121 IS 4 BP 735 EP 742 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 246LR UT WOS:000083165700012 ER PT J AU Carpio, FG Cespedes, RD AF Carpio, FG Cespedes, RD TI Urethral diverticulectomy and cadaveric pubourethral sling after artificial urinary sphincter erosion and prostatectomy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE urethra; diverticulum; urinary incontinence; prostatectomy ID INCONTINENCE C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Carpio, FG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 162 IS 4 BP 1379 EP 1380 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68297-3 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 234XY UT WOS:000082510700040 PM 10492205 ER PT J AU Soares, GM Murphy, TP AF Soares, GM Murphy, TP TI Transcaval TIPS: Indications and anatomic considerations SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Budd-Chiari syndrome; shunts, portosystemic ID INTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT; BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME; OSTIA VENAE HEPATICAE; RETROHEPATIC SEGMENT; MANAGEMENT; TRANSPLANTATION; ASCITES; CAVA; VEIN C1 Rhode Isl Hosp, Dept Diagnost Imaging, Div Vasc & Intervent Radiol, Providence, RI 02903 USA. RP Soares, GM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Berquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1233 EP 1238 DI 10.1016/S1051-0443(99)70224-1 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 245DJ UT WOS:000083090700013 PM 10527201 ER PT J AU Briand, EJ Ruble, GR Stiteler, J Harris, LD Burge, JR Soranaka, ET Glenn, G Quance-Fitch, F Rowton, ED AF Briand, EJ Ruble, GR Stiteler, J Harris, LD Burge, JR Soranaka, ET Glenn, G Quance-Fitch, F Rowton, ED TI Comparison of adjuvants with leishmania antigens in a guinea pig model to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity responses SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIPOSOMES; IMMUNIZATION AB Background and Purpose: Guinea pigs have been a traditional model for studies of delayed-type hypersensitivity, They are the natural host of Leishmania enriettii and have been experimentally infected with other species of Leishmania. They have been used as a skin-test model to screen potential antigens for use in diagnostic tests for Leishmania. Use of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), along with whole promastigote Leishmania antigen, was necessary to sensitize guinea pigs to invoke a sufficient cell-mediated immune response. However, use of CFA has come under scrutiny by Animal Care and Use Committees due to the pathologic changes associated with its use. Methods: Thirty-two specific-pathogen-free male Hartley guinea pigs were inoculated with Leishmania antigens alone or mixed with one of three adjuvants (CFA, TiterMax, and liposomes), and were skin tested 2 weeks later. Results: For the Leishmania antigens tested, guinea pigs that received liposomes as an adjuvant had skin-test responses comparable to those of guinea pigs that received CFA, TiterMax was also tested, but cellular responses at antigen test sites were poor. Conclusions: Liposomes can be used in this model as a safe, effective adjuvant. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Briand, EJ (reprint author), CIF, Med Grp 60, SGSEV, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 49 IS 5 BP 519 EP 521 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 250NE UT WOS:000083393800009 PM 10551453 ER PT J AU Pragliola, S Ober, CK Mather, PT Jeon, HG AF Pragliola, S Ober, CK Mather, PT Jeon, HG TI Mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymers via stable free radical polymerization SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYDISPERSITY; POLYACRYLATES; POLYSTYRENE; ADDITIVES; BEHAVIOR AB Stable free radical polymerization has been used in the controlled synthesis of poly(2,5-bis[(4-butylbenzoyl)oxy]styrene), PBBOS. This "mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymer", which has mesogenic units attached directly to the backbone in a side-on mode, has been found to exhibit thermotropic liquid crystallinity similar to more conventional main-chain architectures. Stable free radical polymerization of PBBOS consistently produced molecular weight distributions below the theoretical limiting polydispersity of 1.5 calculated fora conventional free radical polymerization process. Surprisingly, a comparison of the synthesis of polystyrene to the polymerization of PBBOS under nearly identical conditions showed that the PBBOS polymerized with a significantly higher reaction rate and monomer conversion efficiency. The nematic phase of these polymers was determined to be stable over the temperature range spanning the polymer glass transition temperature up to the temperature for thermal decomposition. The molecular arrangement of the PBBOS polymers was examined by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and is described here. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Systran Corp, Mat Directorate, AFRL,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ober, CK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYS JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 200 IS 10 BP 2338 EP 2344 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3935(19991001)200:10<2338::AID-MACP2338>3.0.CO;2-D PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 244KH UT WOS:000083050000021 ER PT J AU Griffith, JR Schwab, KA Robinson, A Hemming, VG AF Griffith, JR Schwab, KA Robinson, A Hemming, VG TI Physicians' perceptions of the status of adolescent health care within the military health system SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION AB Objective: To describe the nature of the health care delivered to dependent adolescents throughout the military and compare services provided in adolescent medicine clinics with those provided in other medical departments and clinics. Method: Questionnaires were sent to physicians in pediatrics, internal medicine, family practice, primary care, emergency care, and adolescent medicine at 101 randomly selected military treatment facilities. A subsample of experts was selected to provide facility-specific, informed, representative information on the care provided to adolescents. Results: Sixty-six percent (N = 345) of physicians returned completed questionnaires, providing information on 100% of the facilities sampled. More than half of responders felt that adolescents avoided care in their department. Two-thirds of all physicians, and three-fourths of the expert subsample, believed that adolescents are best served within adolescent medicine clinics. The expert subsample reported that adolescents served in facilities with adolescent medicine clinics received broader services. Only 28% of the facilities sampled provided any specialized adolescent medicine services. Conclusion: The military health care system has made progress in providing care to adolescent dependents, but reaching larger numbers of adolescents requires additional efforts. C1 89th Med Grp, Andrews AFB, MD 20331 USA. RP Griffith, JR (reprint author), 47 MDG CC,590 Mitchell Blvd, Laughlin AFB, TX 78843 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 164 IS 10 BP 683 EP 687 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 246GC UT WOS:000083155200004 PM 10544619 ER PT J AU Plumbley, JA Shelton, JB Bowlus, IN Ensign, BG AF Plumbley, JA Shelton, JB Bowlus, IN Ensign, BG TI The incidence of unexpected antibodies in blood products collected at a military donor center SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of unexpected antibodies in a population of Air Force personnel thought to be representative of the population involved in combat situations. Recipients of blood transfusions in combat situations may not be screened for the presence of unexpected (non-A, non-B) antibodies. The records of the Wilford Hall Medical Center/59th Medical Defense Wing Donor Center and Transfusion Medicine Laboratory were reviewed for the calendar years 1995 and 1996 to determine the frequency of unexpected antibodies in this center's donor population, the vast majority of whom are Air Force basic trainees. The frequency of unexpected antibodies in the basic trainee donor population was 4/10,000. Clinically significant antibodies were present in 2/10,000, Because this donor pool probably represents the potential population of combat casualties, this information is reassuring in assessing the risks associated with blood transfusion in combat situations. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Plumbley, JA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 59th Med Wing,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 164 IS 10 BP 705 EP 706 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 246GC UT WOS:000083155200008 PM 10544623 ER PT J AU Norquist, DC AF Norquist, DC TI Cloud predictions diagnosed from mesoscale weather model forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Observed cloud characteristics, such as cloud cover, type, and base and tap altitude, are of interest to the U.S. Air Force operational community for mission support. Predictions of such cloud characteristics are useful in support of a variety of mission activities. In this paper, a model output statistics approach to diagnosing these cloud characteristics from a forecast field generated by a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model is presented. Cloud characteristics information obtained from the air force RTNEPH cloud analysis supplied the cloud predictands, and forecast fields from the MM5 mesoscale numerical weather prediction model provided the weather variable predictors. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) were used to develop the predictand-predictor relationships using 10 days of twice-daily cloud analyses and corresponding forecasts over a theater-scale grid. The consequent relationships were then applied to subsequent gridded forecast fields to obtain estimates of the distribution of the cloud characteristics at the forecast times. The methods used the most recent 10 days of cloud analyses and weather forecasts to develop the relationship for each successive application day. The gridded cloud characteristics were diagnosed for 10 days in each of January and July of 1992 over a theater-scare region in southern Europe. The resulting diagnosed cloud predictions were verified against the RTNEPH analyses for forecast durations of 6-36 h at 6-h intervals. It is found that both the MLR and the MDA methods produced small mean errors in all the cloud variables. When compared with persistence, MLR showed skin in rmse in January, while MDA did not. On the other hand, MDA obtained a better score than MLR in percent diagnosed in the correct cloud amount category. Furthermore, the category selection method used with the MDA scheme effectively reproduced the cloud variables' category frequency distribution compared with that of the verification data, while MLR did not. In July, both methods showed skin with respect to persistence in cloud amount. Verification results for cloud type, base altitude, and thickness did not show appreciable skill with respect to persistence. Cloud-ceiling altitude diagnoses showed consistent skill compared to persistence for both methods in both months. Visual depictions of the total cloud amount distribution as diagnosed by the methods showed that the MDA algorithm is capable of generating useful cloud prediction products. The images produced by the MLR scheme had unrealistically flat gradients of total cloud amount and too many occurrences of partly cloudy skies. The multiple discriminant analysis scheme is considered to be a useful short-term solution to the U.S. Air Force need for predictions of cloud characteristics in theater-scare areas. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Norquist, DC (reprint author), AFWA DNX, 106 Peacekeeper Dr, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 127 IS 10 BP 2465 EP 2483 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2465:CPDFMW>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 243PT UT WOS:000083007000016 ER PT J AU Bailey, TG Jensen, PA Morton, DP AF Bailey, TG Jensen, PA Morton, DP TI Response surface analysis two-stage stochastic linear programming with recourse SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE stochastic programming; response surface methodology; variance reduction ID CORRELATION-INDUCTION STRATEGY; SIMULATION; DECOMPOSITION; OPTIMIZATION; SCHRUBEN AB We apply the techniques of response surface methodology (RSM) to approximate the objective function of a two-stage stochastic linear program with recourse. In particular, the objective function is estimated, in the region of optimality, by a quadratic function of the first-stage decision variables. The resulting response surface can provide valuable modeling insight, such as directions of minimum and maximum sensitivity to changes in the first-stage variables. Latin hypercube (LH) sampling is applied to reduce the variance of thr recourse function point estimates that are used to construct the response surface. Empirical results show the value of the LH method by comparing it with strategies based on independent random numbers, common random numbers, and the Schruben-Margolin assignment rule. In addition, variance reduction with LH sampling can be guaranteed for an important class of two-stage problems which includes the: classical capacity expansion model. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Texas, Grad Program Operat Res & Ind Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Bailey, TG (reprint author), USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Morton, David/K-2388-2014 NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 7 BP 753 EP 776 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6750(199910)46:7<753::AID-NAV1>3.0.CO;2-M PG 24 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 240BP UT WOS:000082806100001 ER PT J AU Barnes, SD Campagna, JA Dirks, MS Doe, EA AF Barnes, SD Campagna, JA Dirks, MS Doe, EA TI Control of intraocular pressure elevations after argon laser trabeculoplasty - Comparison of brimonidine 0.2% to apraclonidine 1.0% SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY OCT 23-29, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA; FLURBIPROFEN; PRETREATMENT; PREVENTION; ALO-2145; SURGERY; THERAPY; RISE AB Objective: To determine whether brimonidine 0.2% can control intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes as well as apraclonidine 1.0% can in those patients undergoing argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT), Design: Prospective, randomized, double-masked, clinical trial. Participants: A total of 56 eyes of 41 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were entered in the study; 46 eyes of 41 patients were eventually used for the final analysis, Intervention: Patients were randomized to receive either brimonidine 0.2% or apraclonidine 1.0% before and after 360 degrees ALT, Both patient and physician were masked as to which agent each patient received. Main Outcome Measures: Intraocular pressure measurements were recorded before surgery and at 1, 2, and 4 hours after surgery. The difference between the preoperative IOP (baseline) and the highest recorded postoperative IOP was recorded as the maximum IOP change. The mean of the maximum IOP change for each group was analyzed using a two-sample, one-tailed t test. Results: The mean of the maximum IOP change in the brimonidine 0.2% group was -2.6 +/- 3.6 mmHg, and the mean for the apraclonidine 1.0% group was -2.3 +/- 3.7 mmHg (P = 0.8). No patient had a pressure spike greater than 10 mmHg. Conclusions: Brimonidine 0.2% appears to be as effective as apraclonidine 1.0% in preventing IOP spikes after argon laser tuabeculoplasty. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Martin Army Community Hosp, Columbia, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Dirks, MS (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 106 IS 10 BP 2033 EP 2037 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90420-7 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 241YU UT WOS:000082912100046 PM 10519604 ER PT J AU James, HG Sotnikov, VI Burke, WJ Huang, CY AF James, HG Sotnikov, VI Burke, WJ Huang, CY TI OEDIPUS-C observations of electrons accelerated by radio frequency fields at whistler-mode frequencies SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERIC PLASMA; EMISSION; ABOARD; PULSES AB Simultaneous measurements of transmitted 500 kHz electric fields and of electron fluxes nonlinearly energized by those fields were made during the ionospheric flight of the rocket double payload OEDIPUS C. Given the local plasma parameters, 500 kHz corresponded to the whistler mode of cold-plasma propagation. As the separation between each payload end increased from 153 to 537 m, enhanced electron fluxes were detected at energies up to 20 keV, at the receiver end of the tether. Rf (radio frequency) electric fields created by the OEDIPUS-C transmitter have been computed for positions close to the whistler-mode group resonance cone and also for locations very close to the active dipoles. Test-particle trajectory tracings show that linear acceleration can account for the energy increases of electrons with starting energies up to about 100 eV. Neither resonant field-particle interactions of background energetic electrons nor strong turbulence of the background thermal particles explain the creation of sounder-accelerated electrons at 1-10 keV. The calculated magnitudes of the very near potentials, up to 550 V, point to acceleration by intense fields in the rf sheath region. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)00410-3]. C1 Commun Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada. Univ New Brunswick, Ctr Space Res, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A4, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP James, HG (reprint author), Commun Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K2H 8S2, Canada. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 1999 VL 6 IS 10 BP 4058 EP 4069 DI 10.1063/1.873668 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 238PY UT WOS:000082719700037 ER PT J AU Roadcap, JR Murphy, EA AF Roadcap, JR Murphy, EA TI Comparison of isoplanatic angles derived from thermosonde and optical measurements SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE optical turbulence; thermosonde; isoplanometer; isoplanatic angle AB A comparison of isoplanatic angles (theta(0)) derived from (1) balloon-borne in situ measurements of the index of refraction structure constant (C-n(2)) profiles and (2) ground-based optical measurements of stellar intensity fluctuations using an isoplanometer is presented. Concurrent data taken over a six-day period in the spring of 1986 show reasonably good agreement between the mean values determined by the two methods. Comparisons in light of meteorological conditions suggest an isoplanatic angle behavior consistent with the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability where the best correlation was found between the optically-measured isoplanatic angle and the layer-averaged wind shear. Differences between the two measurement methods are largest for isoplanometer azimuth angles perpendicular to the balloon trajectory and for lower Values of mean shear. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom Air Force Base, MA 01731 USA. RP Roadcap, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom Air Force Base, MA 01731 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 156 IS 3 BP 503 EP 524 DI 10.1007/s000240050310 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 260CZ UT WOS:000083933100007 ER PT J AU Sanders, TG Linares, RC Lawhorn, KW Tirman, PFJ Houser, C AF Sanders, TG Linares, RC Lawhorn, KW Tirman, PFJ Houser, C TI Oblique meniscomeniscal ligament: Another potential pitfall for a meniscal tear - Anatomic description and appearance at MR imaging in three cases SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE knee, anatomy; knee,injures; knee, ligaments, menisci and cartilage; knee, MR ID BUCKET-HANDLE TEAR; MENISCOFEMORAL LIGAMENT; LATERAL MENISCUS; KNEE; DIAGNOSIS; SIGNAL AB Three patients with an arthroscopically proved normal variant, the oblique meniscomeniscal ligament, underwent prospective magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the knee. In the first case, the ligament was misinterpreted as a displaced flap tear of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. In the two subsequent cases, the ligament was identified correctly at MR imaging as the oblique meniscomeniscal ligament. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. San Framcisco Magnet Resonance Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Sanders, TG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 759th MDTS-MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dt,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 213 IS 1 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 239ML UT WOS:000082771900036 PM 10540664 ER PT J AU Rud', VY Rud', YV Ohmer, MC Schunemann, PG AF Rud', VY Rud', YV Ohmer, MC Schunemann, PG TI Production and properties of In/HgGa2S4 Schottky barriers SO SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB We have obtained In/HgGa2S4 rectifying photosensitive Schottky barriers. The sensitivity of the best structures reaches 200 V/W, and it is observed in the spectral range 0.8-3.8 eV at T=300 K with barrier contact side illumination. It is determined that the photosensitivity spectra of the Schottky barriers correspond to the photoluminescence of the crystals used to produce the barriers, and this correspondence is analyzed. It is concluded that the Schottky barriers can be used for monitoring the optical quality of HgGa2S4 single crystals as wide-band photodetectors. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1063-7826(99)01410-6]. C1 St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lockheed Sanders, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Rud', VY (reprint author), St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1063-7826 J9 SEMICONDUCTORS+ JI Semiconductors PD OCT PY 1999 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1108 EP 1110 DI 10.1134/1.1187875 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 245LW UT WOS:000083111300014 ER PT J AU Gayle, EL Morrison, WB Carrino, JA Parsons, TW Liang, CY Stevenson, A AF Gayle, EL Morrison, WB Carrino, JA Parsons, TW Liang, CY Stevenson, A TI Extraskeletal osteochondroma of the foot SO SKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE osteochondroma; chondroma; extraskeletal tumor; soft tissue tumor; foot; CT; MRI ID CARTILAGINOUS TUMORS; OSTEO-SARCOMA; SOFT-TISSUES; CHONDROSARCOMA; CHONDROMA; PARTS; THIGH; HAND AB A case of pathologically proven extraskeletal osteochondroma is presented with magnetic resonance imaging (MRT), computed tomography (CT), bone scan and radiographic findings. The diagnosis of extraskeletal osteochondroma should be considered when a discrete, ossified mass is localized in the soft tissues of the distal extremities. Nomenclature surrounding this entity is controversial and is discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Morrison, WB (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 111 S 11th St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-2348 J9 SKELETAL RADIOL JI Skeletal Radiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 28 IS 10 BP 594 EP 598 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 249MU UT WOS:000083337500009 PM 10550539 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Using free weights to improve lateral movement performance SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE lateral movements; movement patterns; free weights C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL STRENGTH & CONDITIONING ASSOC PI COLORADO SPRINGS PA 1955 N UNION BLVD, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80909 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 21 IS 5 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1519/00126548-199910000-00005 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 252XK UT WOS:000083527400005 ER PT J AU Meilinger, PS AF Meilinger, PS TI Wingless flight: The lifting body story. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Meilinger, PS (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 40 IS 4 BP 921 EP 922 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 250TT UT WOS:000083404800035 ER PT J AU Cespedes, RD Leng, WW McGuire, EJ AF Cespedes, RD Leng, WW McGuire, EJ TI Collagen injection therapy for postprostatectomy incontinence SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC SPHINCTERIC DEFICIENCY; RADICAL RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; ARTIFICIAL URINARY SPHINCTER; INJECTABLE COLLAGEN; MEN; EXPERIENCE C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Texas, Div Urol, Houston, TX USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol MMKU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD OCT PY 1999 VL 54 IS 4 BP 597 EP 602 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00300-3 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 239WK UT WOS:000082792700004 PM 10510913 ER PT J AU Dodd, JA Lockwood, RB Hwang, ES Miller, SM Lipson, SJ AF Dodd, JA Lockwood, RB Hwang, ES Miller, SM Lipson, SJ TI Formation of OH(v=0,1) by the reaction of fast H with O-3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED OH; GROUND-STATE; CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; EXCITATION; COLLISIONS; SYSTEM; PHOTODISSOCIATION; DYNAMICS AB A two-laser, pump-probe experiment has been used to determine the rotational level population distribution of OH(upsilon=0,1) resulting from the reaction of fast (2.3 eV) hydrogen atoms with ozone. A trace amount of H2S in slowly flowing O-3 was photolyzed at 193 nm, and the resultant OH was detected using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The pump-probe delay time was adjusted in order to verify negligible relaxation of the nascent OH product. Initially, side reactions such as O(D-1) +H2S --> OH + HS were found to contribute to the OH signals; they were subsequently eliminated by adjusting the reactant concentrations and flow velocity. The resultant OH LIF spectra were corrected for several factors using either known or measured experimental quantities, including OH(A) collisional quenching, baseline drift, and partial saturation of the OH(A-X) absorption lines. Near-gas kinetic rate constants for OH(A,upsilon'=0,N'less than or equal to 25) collisional quenching by O-3 were derived. The corrected spectra were fit using a nonlinear least-squares routine to infer individual N-level populations for OH(upsilon=0,1). The spin-orbit (F-1 and F-2) and lambda-doublet (IT(A') and n(A ")) populations were inferred in a separate least-squares fit by comparing the intensities of different OH(A-X) rotational branches. The OH upsilon=1: upsilon=0 population ratio is equal to 0.37 +/- 0.04. For both upsilon levels the rotational level populations increase gradually with N, with the population in N = 20 about 5 times that in N = 1. The F-1:F-2 and Pi(A'):Pi(A ") population ratios are equal to 1.03 +/- 0.28 and 1.34 +/- 0.20, respectively. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom Air Force Base, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Stewart Radiance Lab, Bedford, MA USA. RP Dodd, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom Air Force Base, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 30 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 39 BP 7834 EP 7842 DI 10.1021/jp992051s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 243RW UT WOS:000083011900012 ER PT J AU Dutton, RE Seetharaman, V Goetz, RL Semiatin, SL AF Dutton, RE Seetharaman, V Goetz, RL Semiatin, SL TI Effect of flow softening on ring test calibration curves SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ring test; die-workpiece interface friction; flow softening ID HOT AB The application of the ring test to assess die-workpiece interface friction during forging of a flow softening material was investigated. Calibration curves were generated by conducting finite element method (FEM) simulations of ring forging with different friction factors. The method was validated by conducting isothermal, hot compression tests on rings of an a, titanium aluminide alloy for both lubricated and unlubricated interface conditions. The FEM results for the flow softening material were compared to those generated assuming no how softening. In all cases, the differences between the curves predicted for the flow softening and non-softening behaviors were quite small. Furthermore, for given values of the interface friction factor, the calibration curves were essentially independent of the strain rate sensitivity (rn) and flow softening. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Dutton, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 30 PY 1999 VL 270 IS 2 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00194-X PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 244HV UT WOS:000083046500019 ER PT J AU Beebe, HG Dawson, DL Cutler, BS Herd, JA Strandness, DE Bortey, EB Forbes, WP AF Beebe, HG Dawson, DL Cutler, BS Herd, JA Strandness, DE Bortey, EB Forbes, WP TI A new pharmacological treatment for intermittent claudication: Results of a randomized, multicenter trial SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; ARTERIAL-DISEASE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITOR; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; CILOSTAZOL; PENTOXIFYLLINE; TICLOPIDINE; PREVENTION; EFFICACY; CELLS AB Background: Effective medication is limited for the relief of intermittent claudication, a common manifestation of arterial occlusive disease. Cilostazol is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation with vasodilation effects. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cilostazol for the treatment of intermittent claudication. Methods: Thirty-seven outpatient vascular medicine clinics at regional tertiary and university hospitals in the United States participated in this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. Of the 663 screened volunteer patients with leg discomfort, a total of 516 men and women 40 years or older with a diagnosis of moderately severe chronic, stable, symptomatic intermittent claudication were randomized to receive cilostazol, 100 mg, cilostazol, 50 mg, or placebo twice a day orally for 24 weeks. Outcome measures included pain-free and maximal walking distances via treadmill testing, patient-based quality-of-life measures, global assessments by patient and physician, and cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality survival analysis. Results: The clinical and statistical superiority of active treatment over placebo was evident as early as week 4, with continued improvement at all subsequent time points. After 24 weeks, patients who received cilostazol, 100 mg, twice a day had a 51% geometric mean improvement in maximal walking distance (P<.001 vs placebo); those who received cilostazol, 50 mg, twice a day had a 38% geometric mean improvement in maximal walking distance (P<.001 vs placebo). These percentages translate into an arithmetic mean increase in distance walked, from 129.7 m at baseline to 258.8 m at week 24 for the cilostazol, 100 mg, group, and from 131.5 to 198.8 m for the cilostazol, 50 mg, group. Geometric mean change for pain-free walking distance increased by 59% (P<.001) and 48% (P<.001), respectively, in the cilostazol, 100 mg, and cilostazol, 50 mg, groups. These results were corroborated by the results of subjective quality-of-life assessments, functional status, and global evaluations. Headache, abnormal stool samples or diarrhea, dizziness, and palpitations were the most commonly reported potentially drug-related adverse events and were self-limited. A total of 75 patients (14.5%) withdrew because of any adverse event, which was equally distributed between all 3 treatment groups. Similarly, there were no differences between groups in the incidence of combined cardiovascular morbidity or all-cause mortality. Conclusion: Compared with placebo, long-term use of cilostazol, 100 mg or 50 mg, twice a day significantly improves walking distances in patients with intermittent claudication. C1 Jobst Vasc Ctr, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Worcester, MA USA. Methodist Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. Otsuka Amer Pharmaceut Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Beebe, HG (reprint author), Jobst Vasc Ctr, 2109 Hughes Dr, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 29 TC 189 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD SEP 27 PY 1999 VL 159 IS 17 BP 2041 EP 2050 DI 10.1001/archinte.159.17.2041 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 240MK UT WOS:000082829600008 PM 10510990 ER PT J AU Peterson, P Gavrielides, A AF Peterson, P Gavrielides, A TI Pulse train characteristics of a passively Q-switched microchip laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION AB A study of passively Q-switched microchip laser pulse trains yields approximate, yet reliable, formulae for the peak power, pulse energy, half-width, period, and the pulse shape in time. The pulse gain differential equation is made integrable by assuming that the laser absorption cross sections for the gain and saturable absorber are equal. We compare our predictions with an experiment which uses Nd:YAG as a gain medium and Cr:YAG as a saturable absorber. The agreement between theory and experiment for the period, pulse width, and the pulse energy is within 10%. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Nonlinear Opt Ctr Technol, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Peterson, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Nonlinear Opt Ctr Technol, DELO, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 27 PY 1999 VL 5 IS 7 BP 149 EP 156 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 239YH UT WOS:000082797700002 PM 19399058 ER PT J AU Katz, JS Wolfe, GI Andersson, PB Saperstein, DS Elliott, JL Nations, SP Bryan, WW Barohn, RJ AF Katz, JS Wolfe, GI Andersson, PB Saperstein, DS Elliott, JL Nations, SP Bryan, WW Barohn, RJ TI Brachial amyotrophic diplegia - A slowly progressive motor neuron disorder SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE man-in-the-barrel syndrome; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; focal amyotrophy; motor neuron disease; brachial amyotrophic diplegia ID THE-BARREL SYNDROME; SPINAL MUSCULAR-ATROPHY; LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; NATURAL-HISTORY; UPPER EXTREMITY; WEAKNESS; DISEASE; DISTAL; NEUROPATHY; ONSET AB Objective: To describe a sporadic motor neuron disorder that remains largely restricted to the upper limbs over time. Background: Progressive amyotrophy that is isolated to the upper limbs in an adult often suggests ALS. The fact that weakness can remain largely confined to the arms for long periods of time in individuals presenting with this phenotype has not been emphasized. Methods: We reviewed the records of patients who had a neurogenic "man-in-the-barrel" phenotype documented by examination at least 18 months after onset. These patients had severe bilateral upper-extremity neurogenic atrophy that spared lower-extremity, respiratory, and bulbar musculature. Results: Nine of 10 patients meeting these criteria had a purely lower motor neuron disorder. During follow-up periods ranging from 3 to 11 years from onset, only three patients developed lower-extremity weakness, and none developed respiratory or bulbar dysfunction or lost the ability to ambulate. Conclusion: Patients presenting with severe weakness that is fully isolated to the upper limbs, without pyramidal signs, may have a relatively stable variant of motor neuron disease. C1 Palo Alto VA Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Palo Alto, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Katz, JS (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs, Dept Neurol 127, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 43 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD SEP 22 PY 1999 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1071 EP 1076 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 236DG UT WOS:000082582500029 PM 10496268 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE Carney, TC AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE Carney, TC TI A corrective smoothed particle method for boundary value problems in heat conduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE corrective smoothed particle method; SPH; Taylor series expansion; corrective kernel estimate; boundary value problem; unsteady heat conduction ID HIGH-VELOCITY IMPACT; HYDRODYNAMICS; SPH; COMPUTATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Combining the kernel estimate with the Taylor series expansion is proposed to develop a Corrective Smoothed Particle Method (CSPM). This algorithm resolves the general problem of particle deficiency at boundaries, which is a shortcoming in Standard Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SSPH). In addition, the method's ability to model derivatives of any order could make it applicable for any time-dependent boundary value problems. An example of the applications studied in this paper is unsteady heat conduction, which is governed by second-order derivatives. Numerical results demonstrate that besides the capability of directly imposing boundary conditions, the present method enhances the solution accuracy not only near or on the boundary but also inside the domain. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is a U.S. government work and is in the public domain in the United States. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Effects Res Branch, DEPE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Effects Res Branch, DEPE, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 26 TC 132 Z9 160 U1 2 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD SEP 20 PY 1999 VL 46 IS 2 BP 231 EP 252 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19990920)46:2<231::AID-NME672>3.0.CO;2-K PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 228AX UT WOS:000082114300004 ER PT J AU Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Cowley, SWH Denig, WF Lester, M Moen, J Lybekk, B AF Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Cowley, SWH Denig, WF Lester, M Moen, J Lybekk, B TI Capture of magnetosheath plasma by the magnetosphere during northward IMF SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER AB We interpret combined auroral and simultaneous particle data from an overflight of the ground station at Svalbard by the F13 DMSP spacecraft in terms of pulsed "capture" of northward-directed magnetosheath flux tubes by the magnetosphere, due to sequential lobe reconnection in both the southern and northern hemispheres. The event refers to a similar to 40-min long interval characterized by strongly northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) (B-z=7 nT; clock angle similar to 10 degrees-15 degrees). The meridan scanning photometer at the ground station records a long stepwise poleward retraction of the band of auroral emission in the cusp region, Each step is marked by an initial, brief poleward leap, followed by a similar to 5 min period of relatively steady auroral latitude. In the one event where simultaneous particle data are available (at 1100 MLT), the spacecraft traverses a region of auroral precipitation where electrons and ions of magnetosheath origin are present, together with equatorward convection. With a large sunward IMF tilt (B-x=6-7 nT) in the winter hemisphere, we suppose that the process starts with reconnection poleward of the southern cusp followed by overdraped lobe flux which reconnects with magnetospheric field lines in the northern hemisphere. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. USAF, Geophys Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Cources Svalbard, N-9070 Longyearbyen, Norway. RP Sandholt, PE (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 18 BP 2833 EP 2836 DI 10.1029/1999GL900600 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 237WV UT WOS:000082680300014 ER PT J AU Van Nostrand, JE Hengehold, RL Leedy, KD Grant, JT Brown, JL Xie, QH AF Van Nostrand, JE Hengehold, RL Leedy, KD Grant, JT Brown, JL Xie, QH TI Cathodoluminescence, microstructure, and morphology of tensile-strained AlxGa(1-x)N epitaxial films grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; QUANTUM-DOT LASERS; ALXGA1-XN FILMS; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODETECTORS; PHASE EPITAXY; HIGH-SPEED; SURFACES; SAPPHIRE; ISLANDS AB Tensile-strained AlxGa(1-x)N (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.4) alloys are deposited on 2-mu m-thick GaN on Al2O3(0001) by gas source molecular beam epitaxy using ammonia as the nitrogen source. The evolution of the surface morphology of AlxGa(1-x)N epitaxial films as a function of mole fraction is studied using atomic force microscopy. Surface roughness initially increases with Al mole fraction, but then decreases with a corresponding onset of defects. Extended ridge-like defects are observed along the < 0010 > of the AlxGa(1-x)N for high Al mole fractions. Band-edge and subband-edge emission at 6 K is investigated using cathodoluminescence. Strong emission, ascribed to donor-bound excitons, shallow donor to shallow-acceptor pair emission, and deep emission associated with the "yellow" band of GaN are observed. The energy level of emission from donor-bound excitons is found to exhibit a linear dependence on Al more fraction, suggesting a lack of band bending in this material system. Finally, microstructure is investigated using a triple axis x-ray diffraction system. X-ray results are combined with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data to determine the extent of relaxation of AlxGa(1-x)N epitaxial films. For 0.5 mu m AlxGa(1-x)N films deposited on thick GaN on Al2O3(0001), a "critical" Al mole fraction of x = 0.20 is determined, beyond which significant film relaxation and extended defect formation is observed. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)07518-0]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPA, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Wright State Univ, Univ Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Van Nostrand, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPA, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 6 BP 3120 EP 3128 DI 10.1063/1.371176 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 230BU UT WOS:000082232400027 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL TI Optimal correlation filter algorithms for holographically stored multiplexed filters SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE optical information; Fourier transform optics; pattern recognition; image processing ID RECOGNITION AB We develop several correlator algorithms for obscured inputs embedded in a background illumination and correlating with many Biters multiplexed in holographic data storage. Computer simulations, done under zero background illumination and high cross-talk, show that it is possible to achieve correlation even when the match between the obscured input signal and the stored information is as small as 0.14%. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. RP Gianino, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 168 IS 5-6 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00369-7 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 238PC UT WOS:000082717800002 ER PT J AU Baur, JW Rubner, MF Reynolds, JR Kim, S AF Baur, JW Rubner, MF Reynolds, JR Kim, S TI Forster energy transfer studies of polyelectrolyte heterostructures containing conjugated polymers: A means to estimate layer interpenetration SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; SELF-ASSEMBLY PROCESS; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPIC RULER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MULTILAYERS; INTERLAYER; NEUTRON; SYSTEMS; DIFFUSION AB Using a sequential adsorption process, thin film multilayer assemblies of polymers which photophysically interact via the Forster energy transfer mechanism have been fabricated and characterized in order to determine the level of interpenetration between layers. The assemblies consisted of layers of poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) which were separated from layers of a sulfonatopropoxy anion derivatized poly(p-phenylene) [(-)PPP] by nonconjugated polyelectrolyte spacer bilayers. The spacer bilayers were composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) with a polyanion of either poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA), or poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS). An estimate of the level of interpenetration of the layers was made for each type of spacer bilayer by correlating the relative amount of quenching of the (-)PPP photoluminescence with the measured total thickness of the spacer bilayer(s) utilizing a diffuse layer model which assumed a Gaussian distribution of polymer segments. Using this approach, the level of interpenetration for the assemblies with the PMA/PAH spacer bilayers was estimated to be between 15 and 53 Angstrom (1-2.5 bilayers). The heterostructure assembly which used spacer bilayers of PAA/PAH demonstrated that one sufficiently thick bilayer (greater than or equal to 57 Angstrom) could prevent the energy transfer from the(-)PPP to the PPV. The failure of the (-)PPP photoluminescence to be fully restored even with eight spacer bilayers (> 53 Angstrom) for the assemblies containing PSS/PAH spacer bilayers indicated that, for the processing conditions used, significant layer mixing was obtained. Overall, this work demonstrated that nonradiative energy transfer offers a valuable tool for probing the internal structure of sequentially adsorbed polyelectrolyte films and that the level of interpenetration appears to be dependent upon the system being examined. C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02145 USA. AFRL, MLBP, Polymer Res Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Macromol Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rubner, MF (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02145 USA. NR 39 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 14 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 19 BP 6460 EP 6469 DI 10.1021/la981732w PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 236RY UT WOS:000082618800046 ER PT J AU Cooper, TM Natarajan, LV Sowards, LA Spangler, CW AF Cooper, TM Natarajan, LV Sowards, LA Spangler, CW TI Investigation of solvatochromism in the low-lying singlet states of dithienyl polyenes SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB To understand the low-lying singlet states of dithienyl polyenes, we investigated the solvatochromism of a series of alpha,omega-di(2-dithienyl 3,4-butyl) polyenes having n = 1-5 double bonds. Absorption and emission spectra were collected in a series of aprotic solvents. The absorption energy dispersion effect sensitivity increased smoothly with n, reaching asymptotic behavior as n approached 5. The emission energy had less solvent sensitivity. The trends gave evidence for the existence of a B-1(u)* absorbing state and a (1)A(g)* emitting state. We observed sensitivity of the absorbing and emitting states to solute-solvent electrostatic interactions, suggesting the dithienyl polyenes had a polar ground state conformation. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, 3005 P St Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 1999 VL 310 IS 5-6 BP 508 EP 514 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00839-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 238JL UT WOS:000082707100017 ER PT J AU Delo, DP Dutton, RE Semiatin, SL Piehler, HR AF Delo, DP Dutton, RE Semiatin, SL Piehler, HR TI Modeling of hot isostatic pressing and hot triaxial compaction of Ti-6Al-4V powder SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE hot isostatic pressing (HIP); hot triaxial compaction (HTC); powder consolidation; titanium alloys; structural behavior theory and modeling ID CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; PLASTICITY THEORY; CONSOLIDATION; DEFORMATION; METALS AB The accuracy of a hybrid continuum-micromechanical model for predicting the rate-dependent consolidation of metal powder was established using measurements from hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and hot triaxial compaction (HTC) experiments. The experiments were performed with PREP(R) Ti-6Al-4V powder encapsulated in thin-walled containers and yielded relative density vs time and height vs relative density data for direct comparisons with model predictions. The model was found to underpredict the densification rate in HIP, primarily during the early stages of consolidation, and the degree of consolidation during HTC, Adjustments to the values of the strain-rate sensitivity or a slate variable representing the geometric structure of powder compacts resulted in good agreement between hybrid model predictions and measurements. The physical basis for discrepancies between predictions and measurements and justification for the postulated/required parameter adjustments were attributed to two factors: (1) differences in microstructure between the unconsolidated powder and the fully consolidated material used in the compression testing to obtain the material coefficients for the model. and (2) interparticle bonding characteristics/partide sliding effects not taken into account in determining the material properties for the model. (C) 1999 Acm Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Delo, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP 8 PY 1999 VL 47 IS 11 BP 3159 EP 3167 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00196-2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 237ZQ UT WOS:000082686800004 ER PT J AU Lang, M AF Lang, M TI Explanation of an apparent abnormality in fatigue crack growth rate curves in titanium alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE fatigue; titanium; creep; sustained load cracking; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ID HYDROGEN AB A surprising phenomenon is investigated where titanium alloys exhibit no threshold fatigue crack growth value if K-max in the K-max-constant testing procedure exceeds a certain value. The crack growth rate increases with decreasing Delta K up to final fracture. The phenomenon was found repeatedly for Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo above K-max = 21 MPa root m (equal to 72% of K-IC), and its causes were investigated. The same crack growth rates as in the K-max-constant lest were reproduced by two independent experimental procedures, the so-called "jump" test and sustained K cracking experiments along with a calculation. It is demonstrated that the observed phenomenon is not a special crack growth feature or a new phenomenon, but simply caused by time-dependent crack growth, which is known to exist in titanium alloys or steels. Fractographic work revealed that intergranular crack growth along alpha and transformed beta grain boundaries increases with decreasing Delta K and increasing K-max value, accompanied by creep deformation in the transformed beta grains. The conditions for time-dependent cracking are believed to be a sufficiently high stress and strain field in the crack tip region, along with hydrogen-assisted cracking. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Lid on behalf of Acta Metallurgica Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lang, M (reprint author), IABG mbH, TA31,Einsteinstr 20, D-85521 Ottobrunn, Germany. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP 8 PY 1999 VL 47 IS 11 BP 3247 EP 3261 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00181-0 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 237ZQ UT WOS:000082686800013 ER PT J AU Callard, JR AF Callard, JR TI Aerospace power essential in urban warfare SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Strategy & Policy Div, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Callard, JR (reprint author), USAF, Strategy & Policy Div, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 USA SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD SEP 6 PY 1999 VL 151 IS 10 BP 110 EP 110 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 233YR UT WOS:000082455200040 ER PT J AU Lehman, DM Hale, DE Cody, JT Harrison, JM Leach, RJ AF Lehman, DM Hale, DE Cody, JT Harrison, JM Leach, RJ TI Molecular, morphometric and functional analyses demonstrate that the growth hormone deficient little mouse is not hypomyelinated SO DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE growth hormone; myelination; myelin basic protein; proteolipid protein; flash visual evoked potential ID BASIC-PROTEIN EXPRESSION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; FACTOR-I; TRANSGENIC MICE; BINDING PROTEIN-1; BRAIN GROWTH; MYELIN; MUTATION; GENE; LIT AB To study the effects of naturally occurring growth hormone deficiency type I on CNS myelination, we compared the myelination of brains from little and wild-type littermate mice using molecular, histological, morphometric, and functional analyses. The little mouse produces only 6-8% of normal levels of growth hormone (GH) and approximately 20% of normal circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Our data show that the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) of the little brain exhibit the same temporal pattern and amount as that of the wild-type brain. Furthermore, the density and size of myelinated axons and the myelin sheath thickness in the corpus callosum, anterior commissure and the optic nerve are comparable in the little and wild-type brains. These regions are reduced in size in the little mouse brain proportionate to the overall reduction in brain size implying a reduction in the total number of neurons. Therefore, it follows that the total myelin content is reduced, but when normalized to brain size, the myelin concentration is unchanged. Myelin staining patterns of whole brains were identical. Moreover: functional analysis of the visual pathway indicated no difference between the little and control mice. These results are inconsistent with previous reports of hypomyelination in the little mouse and suggest that this form of GH deficiency does not adversely affect the myelination process except possibly through neuronal proliferation. However, since axon size and density are maintained, the neuronal growth may conversely be inherently limited by other restricted brain growth. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Leach, RJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-3806 J9 DEV BRAIN RES JI Dev. Brain Res. PD SEP 6 PY 1999 VL 116 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0165-3806(99)00081-4 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences SC Developmental Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 237QP UT WOS:000082667800008 ER PT J AU Kimmel, RL Poggie, J Schwoerke, SN AF Kimmel, RL Poggie, J Schwoerke, SN TI Laminar-turbulent transition in a Mach 8 elliptic cone flow SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL BOUNDARY-LAYERS; STABILITY; TUNNEL AB To examine the influence of crossflow on transition in a hypersonic boundary layer, an experimental and computational Study was made of a Mach 8 flow over a sharp-nosed elliptic cone of 2:1 cross section. Extensive how visualization was carried out experimentally, including schlieren photography and surface oil-flow visualization. Mean pressure and heat flux were measured at the wall of the wind-tunnel model. For comparison with the experiments, a computation of the basic state flow was carried out using the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations. The basic state laminar flow was found to be relatively complex, with highly skewed velocity profiles and a pair of symmetric vortices on the top centerline of the cone. Transition in the elliptic cone flow was found to be significantly different than transition in hypersonic flow over planar and axisymmetric configurations, which is driven by the second mode instability. In the elliptic cone flow the transition front was nonuniform, with early transition near the top centerline and delayed transition near the leading edge. Rope waves were observed on both tbe leading edge and top centerline; unusual elongated streaks were observed on the top centerline Transition on the top centerline may be related to an instability of the inflectional boundary-layer velocity profiles in that region. A traveling crossflow instability is probably important in the vicinity of the shoulder of the cone, and tentative evidence of a stationary crossflow instability was obtained with the introduction of artificial roughness. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, VAAA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Tact Aircraft Syst, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. RP Kimmel, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, VAAA, 2130 8th St,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1080 EP 1087 DI 10.2514/2.836 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 231DH UT WOS:000082292500008 ER PT J AU Suner, IJ Meldrum, ML Johnson, TE Tse, DT AF Suner, IJ Meldrum, ML Johnson, TE Tse, DT TI Necrotizing fasciitis after cosmetic blepharoplasty SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS AB PURPOSE: To report a case of necrotizing fasciitis after cosmetic blepharoplasty. METHOD: Case report. A 74-year-old woman with history of type II diabetes mellitus underwent bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty. Postoperatively she developed fever, grayish discoloration of the skin, violaceous bullae, and a right facial nerve palsy. Necrotizing fasciitis was diagnosed and treated with intravenous antibiotics, debridement of necrotic tissue, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. RESULTS: The infection resolved, bur the patient required reconstruction for correction of cicatricial ectropion. CONCLUSION: Necrotizing fasciitis is a potentially fatal infection that typically occurs in the setting of trauma. Early recognition of its pathognomonic signs and aggressive management are paramount. (Am J Ophthalmol 1999;128:367-368. (C) 1999 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.). C1 Dept Ophthalmol, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Bascom Palmer Eye Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, Miami, FL USA. RP Suner, IJ (reprint author), Dept Ophthalmol, 310 W Losey St, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. NR 4 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 128 IS 3 BP 367 EP 368 DI 10.1016/S0002-9394(99)00134-8 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 232LJ UT WOS:000082372000020 PM 10511038 ER PT J AU Shenberger, JS Dixon, PS AF Shenberger, JS Dixon, PS TI Oxygen induces S-phase growth arrest and increases p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression in human bronchial smooth-muscle cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DNA-REPLICATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; HYPEROXIA; DAMAGE; CHECKPOINT; APOPTOSIS; INDUCTION; RAT AB Hyperoxia increases free radical production, leading to DNA damage. Recent studies indicate that oxygen augments the expression of p53 and p21(WAF1/C1P1), and increases apoptotic labeling of airway epithelial cells. Similar changes in regulatory gene products have not been reported in other pulmonary cells, nor have these changes been investigated in conjunction with alterations in cell-cycle distribution. The present study was conducted to determine whether oxygen alters the expression of p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) in, human bronchial smooth-muscle cells (BSMC). BSMC placed in room air (RA), 40% Oz, Or 95% O-2 were examined for 3 d to determine cell number, thymidine incorporation, cell-cycle distribution, and lactate dehydrogenase release. Apoptosis was assessed through the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-deoxyuridine triphosphate end-nick labeling (TUNEL) technique, and p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) protein levels were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Exposure of BSMC to 95% O-2 decreased proliferation and DNA synthesis within 24 h, and was accompanied by an increase in S-phase cells (72 h; RA: 12.9 +/- 4.6%, versus 95% O-2: 34.6 +/- 7.0%; P < 0.01). By comparison, exposure to 40% O-2 resulted in decreased proliferation at 48 h without significant alterations in cell-cycle distribution. Both p53 and p21(WAF/CIP1) levels were increased by 95% O-2, with maximal differences noted at 24 and 48 h, respectively. All atmospheres showed < 8% cell death and few TUNEL-positive cells. Our results indicate that oxygen-mediated alterations in BSMC proliferation are time- and concentration-dependent. Furthermore, high oxygen levels induce S-phase arrest and increased expression of p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1). Activation of these genes may prevent replication without inducing apoptosis to allow for the repair of oxidative damage. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MMNP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Shenberger, JS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MMNP, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 39 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 21 IS 3 BP 395 EP 402 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 237UQ UT WOS:000082674800014 PM 10460757 ER PT J AU Keesling, CA Miller, I Taylor, CNR AF Keesling, CA Miller, I Taylor, CNR TI Comparison of interpretation of digitized images and screen-film radiographs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SKELETAL C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Keesling, CA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 173 IS 3 BP 848 EP 848 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 228EX UT WOS:000082125100086 PM 10470951 ER PT J AU Sanders, TG Feller, JF Tirman, PFJ AF Sanders, TG Feller, JF Tirman, PFJ TI The glenolabral articular disruption lesion: Similarities to the glenoid osteochondral defect - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Desert Orthopaed Ctr, Rancho Mirage, CA 92270 USA. San Francisco Magnet Resonance Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Sanders, TG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 173 IS 3 BP 851 EP 851 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 228EX UT WOS:000082125100093 ER PT J AU Li, SG Okoon, B Hella, M Ismail, M Rubeiz, M AF Li, SG Okoon, B Hella, M Ismail, M Rubeiz, M TI The implementation of a VHDL-AMS to SPICE converter SO ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE mixed signal VLSI; VHDL-AMS; SPICE; EDA; CAD; language translation AB The implementation of a VHDL-AMS to SPICE converter (Vhdl2Spice) to be inserted in a complete CAD environment [1] is described. Vhdl2Spice generates a SPICE netlist by tracing down the VHDL IIR parse tree available from the already existing VHDL analyzer. Corresponding to each VHDL design unit, the output of the converter is represented as a subcircuit in SPICE. By doing so, the hierarchical characteristic of VHDL is retained in the SPICE representation; hence future extension to both programs can be made in parallel. The Vhdl2Spice converter is also a demonstration of the extensibility of the AIRE [2] for a complete integration of VHDL-AMS with other CAD tools. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dreese Lab 205, Analog VLSI Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Radio Elect Lab, S-16428 Kista, Sweden. RP Li, SG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dreese Lab 205, Analog VLSI Lab, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-1030 J9 ANALOG INTEGR CIRC S JI Analog Integr. Circuits Process. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1023/A:1008314400058 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 224UN UT WOS:000081918500004 ER PT J AU Ewing, RL AF Ewing, RL TI Technology road map to methodologies for mixed-signal system design & simulation SO ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE design; simulation; mixed-signal; VHDL-AMS; dimensional analysis; microwave design & quantitative feedback theory AB Unfortunately, the best solution for one mixed-signal design, is not the best solution for all mixed-signal designs. This is especially true in light of today's microwave applications that span the range from low-power, low-performance type of devices, through high-power, high-frequency and high-performance applications. Digital designs are automated through the use of the VHDL hardware description language, while the mixed-signal counterparts are automated using the newly developed VHDL-AMS extension. The essential ingredients for mixed-signal design fall into the methodologies of scalable functionality, robust design and feedback techniques. Scalable functionality refers to the non-conventional methodology of dimensional analysis for establishing magnitude relationships between mixed-signal system variables. Robust design of a mixed-signal system, involves the blending of the z-domain (digital) and the s-domain (continuous), resulting in the wp-domain. Robust feedback involves the inherit feedback nature of mixed-signal systems, by providing a methodology of design that emphasizes the use of feedback for achieving the desired robust system performance tolerances despite device parameter uncertainty and noise disturbances. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ewing, RL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, 2959 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-1030 J9 ANALOG INTEGR CIRC S JI Analog Integr. Circuits Process. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1023/A:1008318516897 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 224UN UT WOS:000081918500005 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Price, G Ruth, PN Nguyen, HT Lichtenhan, J AF Vaia, RA Price, G Ruth, PN Nguyen, HT Lichtenhan, J TI Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites as high performance ablative materials SO APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanocomposites; poly(caprolactam); ablation; decomposition; pyrolysis; intumescent ID LAYERED SILICATES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; EPSILON-CAPROLACTAM; FIRE-RETARDANT; COMPOSITES; HYBRID; POLYAMIDE-6; BEHAVIOR AB The ablative performance of poly(caprolactam) (nylon 6) nanocomposites is examined. A relatively tough, inorganic char forms during the ablation of these nanocomposites resulting in at least an order-of-magnitude decrease in the mass loss (erosion) rate relative to the neat polymer. This occurs for as little as 2 wt.% (similar to 0.8 vol.%) exfoliated mica-type layered silicate. The presence of the layers does not alter the first-order decomposition kinetics of the polymer matrix. Instead, the nanoscopic distribution of silicate layers leads to a uniform char layer that enhances the ablative performance. The formation of this char is only minutely influenced by the type of organic modification on the silicate surface or specific interactions between the polymer and the aluminosilicate surface, such as end-tethering of a fraction of the polymer chains through ionic interaction to the layer surface. Thus, the enhancement in ablative performance should be general for the class of exfoliated layered silicate/polymer nanocomposites. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Raytheon STX, USAF, Res Lab, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 41 TC 353 Z9 375 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1317 J9 APPL CLAY SCI JI Appl. Clay Sci. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0169-1317(99)00013-7 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 229TW UT WOS:000082212700006 ER PT J AU Franck, RE AF Franck, RE TI Iron coffins. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Franck, RE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 26 IS 1 BP 160 EP 164 DI 10.1177/0095327X9902600115 PG 5 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 418ET UT WOS:000167878500015 ER PT J AU Franck, RE AF Franck, RE TI Memoirs: Ten years and twenty days SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Franck, RE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 26 IS 1 BP 160 EP 164 DI 10.1177/0095327X9902600115 PG 5 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 418ET UT WOS:000167878500014 ER PT J AU Sanders, TG Tirman, PFJ AF Sanders, TG Tirman, PFJ TI Paralabral cyst: An unusual cause of quadrilateral space syndrome SO ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE shoulder; magnetic resonance imaging; axillary nerve; quadrilateral space syndrome; nerve compression syndrome; paralabral cyst ID SHOULDER PAIN; LABRAL TEARS; ATHLETE; ENTRAPMENT; DIAGNOSIS; INJURIES AB A paralabral cyst arising from a detached inferior glenoid labral tear was shown by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to dissect into the quadrilateral space, resulting in a compressive neuropathy of the axillary nerve. Three consecutive MRI examinations were performed over a 5-year period in a 47-year-old man with a long history of worsening shoulder pain. The MRI examinations revealed a slowly enlarging paralabral cyst extending into the quadrilateral space with progressive atrophy of the teres minor muscle. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS MTRD 759, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. San Francisco Magnet Resonance Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Sanders, TG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS MTRD 759, 2200 Bergquist Dr,STE 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 19 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD SEP PY 1999 VL 15 IS 6 BP 632 EP 637 DI 10.1053/ar.1999.v15.015063 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 249AZ UT WOS:000083311100008 PM 10495180 ER PT J AU Miller, MD Nichols, T Butler, CA AF Miller, MD Nichols, T Butler, CA TI Patella fracture and proximal patellar tendon rupture following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction SO ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction complication; patella fracture AB The central one-third bone-patella tendon-bone graft is a popular choice for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Complications following graft harvesting are unusual, but several reports have been published. We report an unusual case involving a simultaneous patella fracture and patellar tendon rupture that occurred 6 weeks postoperatively. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), 112 Charles Rd, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD SEP PY 1999 VL 15 IS 6 BP 640 EP 643 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 249AZ UT WOS:000083311100010 PM 10495182 ER PT J AU Pierce, WM Janczewski, JN Roethlisberger, B Janczewski, MG AF Pierce, WM Janczewski, JN Roethlisberger, B Janczewski, MG TI Air quality on commercial aircraft SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Consolidated Safety Serv, Ind Hyg & Safety Div, Fairfax, VA USA. Idaho Natl Environm & Engn Lab, Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. USAF, Aeromed Serv, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Pierce, WM (reprint author), Consolidated Safety Serv, Ind Hyg & Safety Div, Fairfax, VA USA. NR 3 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 41 IS 9 BP 26 EP + PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 237UL UT WOS:000082674400008 ER PT J AU Sigwarth, M Balasubramaniam, KS Knolker, M Schmidt, W AF Sigwarth, M Balasubramaniam, KS Knolker, M Schmidt, W TI Dynamics of solar magnetic elements SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere; polarization; magnetic fields; methods : observational; techniques : polarimetric ID STOKES-V-ASYMMETRY; BAND CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; FLUX TUBES; QUIET PHOTOSPHERE; FACULAR POINTS; FE-I; FIELDS; FLUXTUBES; LINES; RESOLUTION AB We present observational results that demonstrate a strong increase in the dynamic behavior of magnetic elements at the solar photosphere, when observed at high spatial and tem poral resolution. The HAO/NSO Advanced Stokes Polarimeter was used to obtain an extensive set of high resolution Stokes-V spectra from network, intranetwork and active region magnetic fields at a low noise level. We performed a statistical analysis of Doppler shifts and asymmetries of the V spectra of FeI 630.15 and 630.25 nm to obtain information on the dynamics of magnetic elements of different sizes. The spatial resolution of 0.8-1 arcsec in combination with high polarimetric precision allowed us to investigate Stokes-V spectra of magnetic elements down to a size of approximate to 150 km. The Doppler velocity within magnetic elements as well as the amplitude and area asymmetries of the Stokes-V profiles show a strong dependence on the size of the magnetic elements as well as on the granular velocity in their vicinity. Applying an absolute velocity calibration we find that the smallest magnetic features have velocities of up to 5 km s(-1) in both up- and downflows whereas for larger elements or clusters of several flux tubes the velocities become smaller and more uniform. The V-profile asymmetries are larger (both positive and negative) for small fill fraction than for higher fill fraction within the resolution element. Averaged over all individual profiles, there remains a positive amplitude and area asymmetry and a downflow exceeding 0.5 km s(-1). The properties of spatially and temporally integrated V profiles are consistent with results from FTS-observations. Our observations are in qualitative agreement with results from numerical MHD simulations. C1 Natl Solar Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Hazards Branch, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Kiepenheuer Inst Sonnenphys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Sigwarth, M (reprint author), Natl Solar Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. EM sigwarth@sunspot.noao.edu; bala@sunspot.noao.edu; knoe@hao.ucar.edu; wolfgang@kis.uni-freiburg.de RI Schmidt, Wolfgang/A-7272-2015; OI Balasubramaniam, Krishnan/0000-0003-2221-0933 NR 90 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 349 IS 3 BP 941 EP 955 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 245CK UT WOS:000083088500027 ER PT J AU Morris, CE Popper, SE AF Morris, CE Popper, SE TI Gender and effect of impact acceleration on neck motion SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Defense Women's Health Research Program (DWHRP); volunteers; neck strength; impact acceleration; anthropometric data; gender differences; head motion AB Background: With the opening of the fighter cockpit to women, ii became imperative to expand the current database of responses of females to both sustained and impact acceleration environments. With less upper-body strength (lean body mass) than men, it was hypothesized that women would not brace their heads as effectively against the loads occurring during high G-loading in flight and during impact and escape. This scenario creates increased potential for injury, exacerbated by the changing center of gravity and weight of helmets due to technological advances (e.g., night vision, head-up displays, etc.). Methods: The main objective of this experimental effort was measuring the ability of subjects of both sexes to brace against an impact acceleration of -6.5 Gx or + 4.0 Gy. An attempt was made to identify a correlation between such ability, static strength measurements, anthropometric measurements, or any combination thereof. Results: No correlation was found between any of the static strength or anthropomorphic parameters and the amplitude of head motion. The isometric strength measurements correlated well with the size, weight, and neck circumference of the subjects, but none of these proved useful in predicting head displacement. However, there was a strong relationship between neck force exerted just before impact and head motion in the -Gx study, and somewhat less correlation for the +Gy impacts. Conclusion: It is useful to estimate resistance to impact by measuring neck strength, but only under conditions where the subject is highly motivated. C1 Armstrong Lab, Crew Syst Directorate, Escape & Impact Protect Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. 74th Aerosp Med Squadron, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Popper, SE (reprint author), Antietam Occupat Med, Suite 107,11110 Med Campus Rd, Hagerstown, MD 21742 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 70 IS 9 BP 851 EP 856 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 230LK UT WOS:000082252500001 PM 10503748 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR Siem, FM AF Carretta, TR Siem, FM TI Determinants of enlisted air traffic controller success SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE air traffic controller; personnel selection; ability requirements; ATC aptitude AB Background: This paper provides a brief historical overview of air traffic controller (ATC) selection, reviews current U.S. Air Force (USAF) selection procedures for enlisted ATC trainees, and summarizes the results of three recent studies. Method: Study 1 examined the validity of the operational selection test (i.e., Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery or ASVAB) against apprentice-level training performance. Study 2 evaluated the impact of alternative selection procedures on training attrition and eligibility for training. Study 3 reviewed the results of a survey of enlisted ATCs designed to identify the personnel characteristics and organizational factors that influence training and job performance. Discussion: The current selection composite demonstrated acceptable validity for predicting apprentice-level training performance. Alternative cut-score analyses revealed that raising the minimum qualifying score in order to reduce attrition by 5% would lead to an unacceptable 20% reduction in the number of eligible ATC candidates. Using a different ASVAB composite for selection would have less overall impact on the qualification rate, but would disproportionally disqualify women. Results of a survey of enlisted ATCs indicated they were generally satisfied and motivated. In addition. they identified several abilities required for on-the-job performance that are not measured by current USAF selection methods. These included memorization and retention of new information, spatial orientation/visualization, ability to work well in stressful environments, ability to shift between two or more sources of information, and ability to combine and organize information. Implications for ATC selection and training as well as future research directions are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, HECI,Crew Syst Dev Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carretta, TR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, HECI,Crew Syst Dev Branch, 2210 8th St,Area B,Bldg 146,Room 122, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 70 IS 9 BP 910 EP 918 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 230LK UT WOS:000082252500011 PM 10503758 ER PT J AU Banach, MJ Alexander, MD Caracci, S Vaia, RA AF Banach, MJ Alexander, MD Caracci, S Vaia, RA TI Enhancement of electrooptic coefficient of doped films through optimization of chromophore environment SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GUEST-HOST; POLYMER-FILMS; RELAXATION PROCESSES; POLED POLYMERS; SYSTEMS; SOLVENT; BLENDS AB The dependence of electrooptic (EO) coefficient on electronic properties of the host polymer and specific chromophore-host interactions were examined. The r(33) of 10 wt % Disperse Red 1 (DR1)- and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-(dimethylamino)stryryl)-4H-pyran (DCM)-doped poly(2-vinyl pyridine) films (6.4 and 5.8 pm/V, respectively) was up to 70% larger than comparable poly(methyl methacyrlate)-doped films (3.7 and 3.9 pm/V, respectively) and as much as a factor of 12 larger than comparable polystyrene-doped films (0.5 and 0.4 pm/V, respectively). The variation in EO coefficient was addressed by quantifying the effects of resonance enhancement, local field factors, field responsivity of the host, and specific guest-host interactions. Resonance enhancement and local field effects account for 20-25% of this variation. In contrast, the largest variations in r33 were associated with specific chromophore-host and chromophore-choromphore interactions. These influence the molecular miscibility and thus alter the effective chromophore concentration-and therefore the EO coefficient. An ultimate EO coefficient of 15 pm/V for a 25 wt % DR1-P2VP system was obtained in which specific secondary interactions (hydrogen bonding) occur between chromophore and host. Additionally, synergy between chromophore and a field responsive host (P2VP) may facilitate chromophore orientation and subsequent stability. These results demonstrate the potential associated with modification of guest-host interactions in chromophore-doped polymer films for the development of highly nonlinear, stable EO materials. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 11 IS 9 BP 2554 EP 2561 DI 10.1021/cm9902725 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 238JG UT WOS:000082706700044 ER PT J AU Hannah, WN Ender, PT AF Hannah, WN Ender, PT TI Persistent Bacillus licheniformis bacteremia associated with an intentional injection of organic drain cleaner SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SERIOUS INFECTIONS; THURINGIENSIS; PATIENT AB In recent years manufacturers have developed several products containing saprophytic bacteria, previously believed to be of minimal pathogenicity. We describe the first case of persistent Bacillus licheniformis bacteremia occurring after intentional injection of a consumer product that includes B. licheniformis spores. We postulate that these spores remained in the tissue, unaffected by antimicrobials, ultimately necessitating soft-tissue debridement of the area surrounding the injection site. On the basis of this case and a review of the literature, we submit that some consumer products contain bacteria with demonstrated pathogenicity. Manufacturers should study these bacteria in detail in order to rapidly provide information such as bacteriologic data and antimicrobial susceptibility data to clinicians. C1 Wright Patterson AFB Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright Patterson AFB Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ender, PT (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 74th MDOS-SGOMI,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 659 EP 661 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 238GY UT WOS:000082703600030 PM 10530461 ER PT J AU Ramesh, R Andrews, DH AF Ramesh, R Andrews, DH TI Distributed mission training - Teams, virtual reality, and real-time networking SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 SUNY Buffalo, Sch Management, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Training Res Div, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Ramesh, R (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Sch Management, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD SEP PY 1999 VL 42 IS 9 BP 64 EP 67 DI 10.1145/315762.315775 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 230TK UT WOS:000082266300017 ER PT J AU Carroll, LA AF Carroll, LA TI Multimodal integrated team training SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 AB Technol, Gilbert, AZ 85234 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Training Res Div, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Carroll, LA (reprint author), AB Technol, Gilbert, AZ 85234 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD SEP PY 1999 VL 42 IS 9 BP 69 EP 71 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 230TK UT WOS:000082266300018 ER PT J AU Bell, HH AF Bell, HH TI The effectiveness of distributed mission training SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Training Res Div, Aircrew Training Branch,Human Effectiveness Direc, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Bell, HH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Training Res Div, Aircrew Training Branch,Human Effectiveness Direc, Mesa, AZ USA. EM herbert.bell@williams.af.mil NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD SEP PY 1999 VL 42 IS 9 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 230TK UT WOS:000082266300019 ER PT J AU Peppler, PW Stephens, S AF Peppler, PW Stephens, S TI Image generation systems in virtual training platforms SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Training Res Div, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Peppler, PW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Training Res Div, Mesa, AZ USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD SEP PY 1999 VL 42 IS 9 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1145/315762.315782 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 230TK UT WOS:000082266300021 ER PT J AU Crane, P AF Crane, P TI Implementing distributed mission training SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Training Res Div, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Crane, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Training Res Div, Mesa, AZ USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD SEP PY 1999 VL 42 IS 9 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 230TK UT WOS:000082266300022 ER PT J AU Guide, VDR Jayaraman, V Srivastava, R AF Guide, VDR Jayaraman, V Srivastava, R TI The effect of lead time variation on the performance of disassembly release mechanisms SO COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE recoverable manufacturing systems; remanufacturing; production planning and control; disassembly; simulation ID ENVIRONMENT; OPERATIONS; ECONOMICS; ISSUES AB A recoverable product environment, which includes strategies to extend product life, is an increasingly important method of waste prevention. A major part of this environment is the recoverable manufacturing system designed to remanufacture products. The recoverable manufacturing system has three distinct subsystems: disassembly, remanufacturing and reassembly. A key characteristic of this environment is the high degree of variability inherent in it. The impact of this variability as represented by highly variable lead times is examined for its effect on the control of parts release from the disassembly area to the remanufacturing area. Various disassembly release mechanisms for releasing the parts are examined. The choice is shown to be more critical for serial number specific parts. Lead time variation is shown to have a significant affect on the choice of disassembly release mechanism. Successful mechanisms for controlling the release of materials from the disassembly area are discussed and recommendations are made. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Duquesne Univ, AJ Palumbo Sch Business, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Business Adm, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Grad Logist Management, Grad Sch Logist & Acquisit Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guide, VDR (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, AJ Palumbo Sch Business, Rockwell Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-8352 J9 COMPUT IND ENG JI Comput. Ind. Eng. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 759 EP 779 DI 10.1016/S0360-8352(99)00164-3 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 275HF UT WOS:000084814200004 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Cummings, JR AF Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Cummings, JR TI Modeling of fuel-system icing inhibitors SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ICE NUCLEATORS; ANTIFREEZE; PEPTIDES; PLANES AB In our continuing efforts to design nontoxic and biodegradable fuel-system icing-inhibitor (FSII) compounds with improved fuel solubility and anti-icing ability, and nontoxic deicers for aircraft and runways, we describe experimental and molecular modeling efforts that allow us to predict the relative performance of FSII candidates, A small-scale, recirculating simulator containing a mixture of jet fuel, FSII, and water was employed to measure the time needed for the water to freeze and the lowest temperature to be achieved before freezing. The molecular model is based on classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a two component mixture consisting of FSII and water. We assume that anti-icing performance is proportional to the degree of hydrogen bonding between FSIIs and water and, therefore, inversely proportional to the degree of hydrogen bonding between water molecules. FSII performance should therefore increase with decreasing water-cluster size, which is calculated from the MD equilibrium trajectories and defined as the average number of water molecules hydrogen bonded to a given water molecule. A good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental performance rankings for twelve FSIIs and FSII candidates. C1 AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Trohalaki, S (reprint author), AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ Bldg 651,3005 P St,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 13 IS 5 BP 992 EP 998 DI 10.1021/ef9802577 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 239EA UT WOS:000082754800006 ER PT J AU Meshako, CE Bleckmann, CA Goltz, MN AF Meshako, CE Bleckmann, CA Goltz, MN TI Biodegradability and microbial toxicity of aircraft fuel system icing inhibitors SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxicity; BOD; diethylene glycol monomethyl ether; dipropylene glycol; glycerol formal; biodegradability AB In a pollution prevention and chemical substitution effort, the U.S. Air Force and Navy formed a joint initiative to find safer, more environmentally acceptable jet fuel system icing inhibitors (FSII) for military aircraft, Standard biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) analysis and variations of the BOD procedure were used as simple screening tools to evaluate the potential for aquatic biodegradation and microbial toxicity of proposed FSIIs. This laboratory evaluation of biological properties allows prediction of the biotreatability of the chemicals in wastewater treatment plants, and their potential application as biocides at higher concentrations. The current FSII, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DiEGME) was evaluated along with two new candidate compounds, dipropylene glycol and glycerol formal. At a low concentration (3.5 mg/L), DiEGME exerted a BOD, of about 27% of theoretical oxygen demand. Test concentrations of greater than or equal to 7 mg/L had decreasing oxygen consumption rate and extent, typical of a material with potential aquatic microbial toxicity. Dipropylene glycol began to moderately degrade only after more than 3 weeks exposure to microorganisms obtained from raw sewage. Glycerol formal showed no signs of biodegradation during a 5-week test period. In a simple microbial toxicity test DiEGME was most toxic, dipropylene glycol was moderately toxic, and glycerol formal showed little toxicity. At low concentrations (7 mg/L), none of the chemicals significantly inhibited microbial activity (P = 0.34). (C) 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn & Environm Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bleckmann, CA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn & Environm Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 14 IS 4 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1522-7278(1999)14:4<383::AID-TOX2>3.0.CO;2-M PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 228UT UT WOS:000082154600002 ER PT J AU Fawaz, SA de Rijck, JJM AF Fawaz, SA de Rijck, JJM TI A thin-sheet, combined tension and bending specimen SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE combined tension and bending; thin sheet; stress intensity factor; finite element analysis; experimental measurements AB Validating stress intensity factor solutions for combined tension and bending is an arduous task because the necessary experimental data are not readily available. Toward this end, a tension and bending test specimen was designed to produce controllable levels of both tension stress and bending stress at the crack location. The specimen was made from 2024-T3 clad aluminum, which is commonly used in aircraft structures. The need for testing multiple specimens of various geometries and stress levels prompted the development of an analytical tool for specimen design. An extension of the Schijve line model, based on simple beam theory, was developed to calculate the stress distributions of tension and bending through the length of the specimen. A comparison of measured static strain levels with those predicted by the model showed the model to be accurate to within 5 percent, confirming its efficacy for specimen design. As expected, for the same remote stress (100 MPa), cracks in the tension and bending specimens grew faster than those in middle-cracked tension specimens. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Struct Integr Branch, VASE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, NL-2629 HS Delft, Netherlands. RP Fawaz, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Struct Integr Branch, VASE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 39 IS 3 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1007/BF02323549 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 228ZD UT WOS:000082166700002 ER PT J AU Ptaszek, AJ Morris, SG Brodsky, JW AF Ptaszek, AJ Morris, SG Brodsky, JW TI Midfoot field block anesthesia with monitored intravenous sedation in forefoot surgery SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SCIATIC-NERVE BLOCK; ANKLE SURGERY; FOOT SURGERY; REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AB rifty consecutive patients, studied prospectively, underwent an elective first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis or proximal metatarsal osteotomy and modified McBride bunionectomy, with or without concomitant lesser toe procedures. A field block was administered only at and distal to the level of the tarsometatarsal joints using 30 cc equal parts 0.25% bupivacaine and 1% lidocaine without epinephrine. Before injection, the monitoring anesthesiologist gave the patient intravenous (IV) sedation, usually an amnestic agent. Narcotic analgesia was not given to any patient before or during surgery to evaluate the efficacy of the block. Detailed records were kept of all intraoperative medication and its dosage, including supplemental local anesthetic. Efficacy and outcome were measured via direct patient monitoring during surgery and by direct interview after surgery, first in the recovery area (visual pain analogue applied) and again at 24 to 48 hr after surgery (recollection of events, duration of block, use of narcotics after surgery, subjective patient satisfaction). Supplemental local anesthetic was required for 15 patients (primarily for those who underwent lesser toe procedures), IV narcotic was required for 3 patients, and conversion to general anesthesia was required for 4 patients for agitation, not pain. The average duration of the local block was 8 hr (range, 5-14 hr); none of the patients had recall of negative events, and overall patient satisfaction was 98%. Midfoot blocks are easy to administer and provide reliable anesthesia for reconstructive forefoot surgery. Monitored IV sedation enhances patient acceptance, facilitates block administration, and provides a valuable measure of patient safety and comfort. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Orthopaed Surg E, Birmingham, AL USA. Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. RP Ptaszek, AJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 20 IS 9 BP 583 EP 586 PG 4 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 238XW UT WOS:000082740900008 PM 10509686 ER PT J AU Goldberg, JH Probart, CK Zak, RE AF Goldberg, JH Probart, CK Zak, RE TI Visual search of food nutrition labels SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; WARNINGS; FORMATS AB Using an eye-tracking methodology, we evaluated food nutrition labels' ability to support rapid and accurate visual search for nutrition information. Participants (5 practiced label readers and 5 nonreaders) viewed 180 trials of nutrition labels on a computer, finding answers to questions (e.g., serving size). Label manipulations included several alternative line arrangements, location of the question target item, and label size. Dependent measures included search time and number of fixations prior to visually capturing the target, as well as the accuracy and duration of the capturing fixation. Practiced label readers acquired the target more quickly and accurately than did less-practiced readers. Targets near the denser center of the label required 33 % more time and were harder to find than targets at the top or bottom of the label. Thinner alignment lines were more influential than thicker anchoring lines on visual search time. Overall, the current nutrition label supported accurate and rapid search for desired information. Potential applications of the present methodology include the evaluation of warning labels and other static visual displays. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Med Logist Off, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, 207 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 EI 1547-8181 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SEP PY 1999 VL 41 IS 3 BP 425 EP 437 DI 10.1518/001872099779611021 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 277ZW UT WOS:000084964300008 PM 10665210 ER PT J AU Niall, KK Reising, JD Martin, EL AF Niall, KK Reising, JD Martin, EL TI Distance estimation with night vision goggles: A little feedback goes a long way SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article AB Immediate feedback was given to correct observers' estimates of distance in an experiment in which those estimates were made outdoors at night while observers wore night vision goggles (NVGs). Initially observers made unguided estimates of distances between marked positions in an open field. Those distances ranged from 7.6 m (25 ft) to 64 m (210 ft). Later the same observers made more estimates. After each of these they were told the measured distance between the positions. During this training, the observers' height from the ground plane was either at a standing position or at an elevated position raised 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) from standing position. After the training - either immediately after, a week later, or at both times - observers made unguided estimates of distance for a second time. These latter estimates of ground distance made with the NVGs were improved. Average improvement of the observers' estimates persisted for at least one week after training. This training can be applied to improve clearance estimates and estimates of hover height for pilots of rotary-wing aircraft. C1 Def & Civil Inst Environm Med, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. Boeing Corp, Seattle, WA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Training Res Div, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Niall, KK (reprint author), Def & Civil Inst Environm Med, 1133 Sheppard Ave W,POB 2000, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SEP PY 1999 VL 41 IS 3 BP 495 EP 506 DI 10.1518/001872099779611012 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 277ZW UT WOS:000084964300014 PM 10665216 ER PT J AU Jenkins, TJ Kehias, L Parikh, P Ibbetson, J Mishra, U Docter, D Le, M Pusl, J Widman, D AF Jenkins, TJ Kehias, L Parikh, P Ibbetson, J Mishra, U Docter, D Le, M Pusl, J Widman, D TI Ultrahigh efficiency obtained with GaAs-on-insulator MESFET technology SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual IEEE GaAs IC Symposium CY NOV 01-04, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE DE metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFET's); microwave devices; microwave FET's; microwave power FET's; microwave transistors ID POWER-ADDED EFFICIENCY AB Significant results of measurement and calculation of power-added efficiency (PAE) and drain efficiency are presented for MESFET's that use GaAs-on-insulator. Ultrahigh PAE of 89% was obtained at 8 GHz with a gain of 9.6 dB using a 3-V supply. When the voltage was increased to 4 V, the peak PAE was 93% at 210 mW/mm with 9.2-dB gain. The ideal current-voltage characteristics with practically zero leakage current and large transconductance near pinchoff yielded PAE values approaching the theoretical limits of overdriven operation, The application of conventional assumptions concerning drain efficiency is discussed relative to devices that approach these theoretical limits. Also discussed are the pitfalls of various figures of merit of efficiency when applied to these devices, Hence, there are two types of technical barriers associated with very-high-efficiency devices: the physical realization and their characterization. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Widegap Technol, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Hughes Res Labs, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. Hughes Space & Commun, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Jenkins, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9200 J9 IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC JI IEEE J. Solid-State Circuit PD SEP PY 1999 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1239 EP 1245 DI 10.1109/4.782082 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 228ZQ UT WOS:000082167800010 ER PT J AU Liu, S Yang, J Doyle, G Kuhl, GE Chen, C Walmer, M Walmer, M Simon, G AF Liu, S Yang, J Doyle, G Kuhl, GE Chen, C Walmer, M Walmer, M Simon, G TI New sintered high temperature Sm-Co based permanent magnet materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 99) CY MAY 18-21, 1999 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE Magnet Soc DE high temperature applications; rare earth permanent magnets; Sm-Co based permanent magnets; temperature coefficient of coercivity AB New sintered Sm-Co based permanent magnet materials have been developed to meet the high-temperature (greater than or equal to 400 degrees C) application requirement of advanced power systems. A magnet of Sm(CobalFe0.09Cu0.09Zr0.03)(7.69) shows an intrinsic coercivity (H-M(c)) approaching 13 kOe and an energy product of 14 MGOe at 400 degrees C. Its second-quadrant induction demagnetization curve is a straight line at temperatures to 500 degrees C. Magnets with improved temperature coefficient of H-M(c) have been obtained by reducing the Fe content and increasing the Sm content. An abnormal and complex temperature dependence of H-M(c) was observed in sintered Sm(CobalFe0.04Cu0.09Zr0.02)(7.26) Upon heating, the H-M(c) first reached a minimum of 4.4 kOe at 150 degrees C and then gradually increased to a maximum of 7.5 kOe at 500 degrees C. C1 Univ Dayton, Magnet Lab, Dayton, OH 45460 USA. Electron Energy Corp, Landisville, PA 17538 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liu, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Magnet Lab, Dayton, OH 45460 USA. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 35 IS 5 BP 3325 EP 3327 DI 10.1109/20.800513 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 246EM UT WOS:000083151500031 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA AF Buryachenko, VA TI Triply periodical particulate matrix composites in varying external stress fields SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC COMPOSITES; MICROMECHANICS; INCLUSIONS; INHOMOGENEITIES; SOLIDS; MODULI AB We consider a linear elastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing aligned ellipsoidal uncoated or coated inclusions arranged in a periodic array and subjected to inhomogeneous boundary conditions. The hypothesis of effective field homogeneity near the inclusions is used. The general integral equation obtained reduces the analysis of infinite number of inclusion problems to the analysis of a finite number of inclusions in some representative volume element (RVE). The integral equation is solved by the Fourier transform method as well as by the iteration method of the Neumann series (first-order approximation). The nonlocal macroscopic constitutive equation relating the unit cell averages of stress and strain is derived in explicit closed forms either of a differential equation of a second-order or of an integral equation. The employed of explicit relations for numerical estimations of tensors describing the local and nonlocal effective elastic properties as well as average stresses in the composites containing simple cubic lattices of rigid inclusions and voids are considered. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd; All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL,MLBM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Moscow State Univ Engn, Dept Math, Moscow 107884, Russia. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL,MLBM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 36 IS 25 BP 3837 EP 3859 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(98)00170-X PG 23 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 190WH UT WOS:000079987900006 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA AF Buryachenko, VA TI Effective thermoelastic properties of graded doubly periodic particulate matrix composites in varying external stress fields SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID COEFFICIENTS; DEFORMATION; CRACKS; ARRAY AB We consider a linear elastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing aligned ellipsoidal uncoated or coated inclusions arranged in a doubly periodic array and subjected to inhomogeneous boundary conditions. The hypothesis of effective field homogeneity near the inclusions is used. The general integral equation obtained reduces the analysis of infinite number of inclusion problems to the analysis of a finite number of inclusions in some representative volume element (RVE). The integral equation is solved by a modified version of the Neumann series; the fast convergence of this method is demonstrated for concrete examples. The nonlocal macroscopic constitutive equation relating the cell averages of stress and strain is derived in explicit iterative form of an integral equation. A doubly periodic inclusion field in a finite ply subjected to a stress gradient along the functionally graded direction is considered. The stresses averaged over the cell are explicitly represented as functions of the boundary conditions. Finally, the employed of proposed explicit relations for numerical simulations of tensors describing the local and nonlocal effective elastic properties of finite inclusion plies containing a simple cubic lattice of rigid inclusions and voids are considered. The local and nonlocal parts of average strains are estimated for inclusion plies of different thickness. The boundary layers and scale effects for effective local and nonlocal effective properties as well as for average stresses will be revealed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL,MLBM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Moscow State Univ Engn, Dept Math, Moscow 107884, Russia. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL,MLBM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 36 IS 25 BP 3861 EP 3885 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(98)00171-1 PG 25 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 190WH UT WOS:000079987900007 ER PT J AU Garcia, JA Mandelis, A Farahbakhsh, B Lebowitz, C Harris, I AF Garcia, JA Mandelis, A Farahbakhsh, B Lebowitz, C Harris, I TI Thermophysical properties of thermal sprayed coatings on carbon steel substrates by photothermal radiometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE photothermal radiometry; roughness effects; thermal-sprayed coatings; thermal diffusivity; thermal conductivity AB Laser infrared photothermal radiometry (PTR) was used to measure the thermophysical properties (thermal diffusivity and conductivity) of various thermal sprayed coatings on carbon steel. A one-dimensional photothermal model of a three-layered system in the backscattered mode was introduced and compared with experimental measurements. The uppermost layer was used to represent a roughness-equivalent layer, a second layer represented the thermal sprayed coating, and the third layer represented the substrate. The thermophysical parameters of thermal sprayed coatings examined in this work were obtained when a multiparameter-fit optimization algorithm was used with the backscattered PTR experimental results. The results also suggested a good method to determine the thickness of tungsten carbide and stainless-steel thermal spray coatings once the thermophysical properties are known. The ability of PTR to measure the thermophysical properties and the coating thickness has a strong potential as a method for in situ characterization of thermal spray coatings. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Photothermal & Optoelect Diagnost Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada. Edison Welding Inst, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garcia, JA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Photothermal & Optoelect Diagnost Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1587 EP 1602 DI 10.1023/A:1021457625651 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 266YN UT WOS:000084328000017 ER PT J AU Cain, CP Toth, CA Noojin, GD Carothers, V Stolarski, DJ Rockwell, BA AF Cain, CP Toth, CA Noojin, GD Carothers, V Stolarski, DJ Rockwell, BA TI Thresholds for visible lesions in the primate eye produced by ultrashort near-infrared laser pulses SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; DAMAGE AB PURPOSE. To evaluate the effects of near-infrared (near-IR) ultrashort laser pulses on the retinas of rhesus monkey eyes and to perform threshold measurements for minimum visible lesions (MVLs) at pulse widths ranging from nanoseconds to femtoseconds. METHODS. Near-infrared single laser pulses were placed within the macular area of live rhesus monkey eyes for five different pulse widths (7 nsec; 80, 20, and 1 psec; and 150 fsec). One visible wavelength of 530 nm at 100 fsec was also included in the study. Visible lesion thresholds (MVL-ED50) were determined 1 hour and 24 hours after exposure. Fluorescein angiography thresholds (FAVL-ED50) were also determined using a probit analysis of the dosage. Thresholds were calculated as that dosage causing a 50% probability for damage, and the fiducial limits mere calculated at the 95% confidence level. RESULTS. For all pulse widths, the 24-hour MVL-ED50 was lower than the 1-hour MTVL-ED50, and they both decreased with decreasing pulse width. Thresholds at the I-hour reading decreased from 28.7 mu J at 7 nsec to 1.8 mu J at 150 fsec, whereas thresholds at 24 hours decreased from 19.1 mu J at 7 nsec to 1.0 mu J at 150 fsec. The doubled 1060-nm wavelength of the 530-nm threshold decreased from 0.36 to 0.16 mu J after 24 hours. FAVL-ED(50)s were much higher than MVL-ED(50)s, showing that FA was not as sensitive in determining damage levels. CONCLUSIONS. Laser pulse widths less than 1 nsec in the near-IR are capable of producing visible lesions in rhesus monkey eyes with pulse energies between 5 and 1 mu J. Also, the near-IR thresholds for these pulse widths are much higher than for the visible wavelengths. As with visible wavelengths, FA is not as sensitive in determining threshold levels as is visually observing the retina through a fundus camera. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Durham, NC USA. TASC, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Rockwell, BA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEDO, 8111 18th St, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RI toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2343 EP 2349 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 230EX UT WOS:000082239800023 PM 10476801 ER PT J AU Lincoln, JW Melliere, RA AF Lincoln, JW Melliere, RA TI Economic life determination for a military aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 39th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 20-23, 1998 CL LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB The U.S. Air Force introduced the concept of economic life of an aircraft structure in the early 1970s. They initially defined the economic life of an aircraft as the time when the structure had reached the point of widespread damage that was uneconomical to repair. The main difficulty with this definition is that structural analysts cannot determine when the economic burden is unacceptable. They can, however, make a determination of the economic burden from inspections, replacements, and repair of the structure. This paper demonstrates this process for the F-15E aircraft. For this assessment, the structural analysts generated probability distributions from durability test cracking. They also derived usage severity variations from recorded data. For each airplane, they sampled the population of the initial flaws as well as the severity of the usage for each area of the airplane that would contribute to the maintenance cost. They grew these cracks to the point of a repair or modification action. The cost from repairs and modifications was one factor that Air Force management could use to determine if the airframe was still competitive with other alternatives. C1 Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Boeing Co, Airframe Certificat Team, Mil Aircraft & Missiles, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Lincoln, JW (reprint author), Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 36 IS 5 BP 737 EP 742 DI 10.2514/2.2512 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 245NJ UT WOS:000083114800001 ER PT J AU Dietz, DC AF Dietz, DC TI Mean value analysis of military airlift operations at an individual airfield SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID CUSTOMERS; NETWORKS AB An analytical queueing network model of airlift operations at an individual airfield is developed and implemented. The airfield system is represented as a capacitated open network of multiserver queues and fork-join constructs that capture concurrent aircraft flow through subnetworks of activities. Generated performance measures include mean values for system throughput, aircraft ground time, and resource utilizations, The quality of the analytical approximation is demonstrated through comparison with simulation results. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dietz, DC (reprint author), US W Adv Technol, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 36 IS 5 BP 750 EP 755 DI 10.2514/2.2530 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 245NJ UT WOS:000083114800003 ER PT J AU Prewitt, NC Belk, DM Maple, RC AF Prewitt, NC Belk, DM Maple, RC TI Multiple-body trajectory calculations using the Beggar code SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB The Beggar code uses blocked and overset grid techniques and combines the grid assembly, flow solution, and six-degree-of-freedom trajectory calculation processes into a single code with reduced user input. Its capabilities to handle moving body problems are demonstrated through a series of store separation trajectory calculations. Single-store separation trajectory calculations at transonic Mach numbers are compared with previously published wind-tunnel data. Supersonic store separation predictions are compared with previously unpublished wind-tunnel data, The generality and ease of use an further illustrated by a three store ripple release simulation. C1 QuesTech Inc, Adv TEchnol & Studies Support Dept, CACI Technol Serv, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Computat Mech Branch, Assessments & Demonstrat Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. US Strateg Command, Offut AFB, NE 68113 USA. RP Prewitt, NC (reprint author), QuesTech Inc, Adv TEchnol & Studies Support Dept, CACI Technol Serv, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 36 IS 5 BP 802 EP 808 DI 10.2514/2.2513 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 245NJ UT WOS:000083114800010 ER PT J AU Midoro-Horiuti, T Goldblum, RM Kurosky, A Goetz, DW Brooks, EG AF Midoro-Horiuti, T Goldblum, RM Kurosky, A Goetz, DW Brooks, EG TI Isolation and characterization of the mountain cedar (Juniperus ashei) pollen major allergen, Jun a 1 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allergen; Cha o 1; Cry j 1; Chamaecyparis obtusa; Cryptomeria japonica; Jun a 1; Juniperus ashei; Juniperus sabinoides; mountain cedar; pollinosis ID CRYPTOMERIA-JAPONICA POLLEN; AMB-A-I; SHORT RAGWEED; ANTIBODIES; CLONING; IGE; IMMUNOTHERAPY; NOMENCLATURE; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS AB Background: Cedar pollens are important causes of seasonal allergic disease in diverse geographic areas. Objective: A major allergen from mountain cedar (Juniperus ashei) pollen, termed Jun a 1, was isolated and characterized. Methods: Water-soluble pollen glycoproteins were extracted, salt precipitated, and purified with use of concanavalin A affinity chromatography or HPLC. The purified fractions were characterized by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. Binding of allergen-specific IgE from the sera of cedar-hypersensitive patients was detected by ELISA and antigen-specific responses of peripheral blood T cells by tritiated thymidine incorporation. Results: The major extractable cedar pollen glycoprotein had a molecular weight and N-terminal amino acid sequence that was similar to that of the major allergen Cha o 1, from Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), and Cry j 1, from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). IgE from cedar-hypersensitive patients' sera bound to the isolated glycoprotein, Conclusion: The predominance of Jun a 1 in the soluble proteins of mountain cedar pollen and its high degree of homology with Cha o 1 and Cry j 1 make it likely to be the major allergen of this pollen. Amino acid sequence conservation also makes Jun a 1 a potential target for cross-reactivity between these pollen allergens. The observed reactivity of IgE from the sera of Japanese cedar-sensitive patients with Jun a 1 is consistent with this proposition. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Human Biol Chem & Genet, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Brooks, EG (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES006676] NR 25 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 104 IS 3 BP 608 EP 612 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70331-3 PN 1 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 241EP UT WOS:000082870000023 PM 10482835 ER PT J AU Ree, MJ Carretta, TR AF Ree, MJ Carretta, TR TI Lack of ability is not always the problem SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Managers request validation studies and stringent standards to stem training attrition. These studies while legally mandated and important are not necessarily the solution. The current study was motivated by such a request. The validity of four composites from an aptitude battery for predicting training success for weapons directors was evaluated. Participants were 353 Air Force personnel who completed training and duty in a previous job. All four composites, Mechanical, Administrative, General, and Electronics were valid. General was most valid. We observed only three academic failures among 32 failed participants. The General composite scores for the successful and non-academic failures were very similar. It was speculated that low motivation and job design features were contributing factors for most eliminees. C1 Armstrong Lab, HRMA, Human Resources Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Ree, MJ (reprint author), Armstrong Lab, HRMA, Human Resources Directorate, 7909 Lindbergh Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0889-3268 J9 J BUS PSYCHOL JI J. Bus. Psychol. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1023/A:1022922904562 PG 7 WC Business; Psychology, Applied SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA 237DA UT WOS:000082639000011 ER PT J AU Levandier, DJ Dressler, RA Chiu, YH Murad, E AF Levandier, DJ Dressler, RA Chiu, YH Murad, E TI The reaction of O+(S-4) and N-2(X (1)Sigma(+)(g)) revisited: Recoil velocity analysis of the NO+ product SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; TRANSLATIONAL ENERGY; NEUTRAL REACTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; BEAM; O+; DISTRIBUTIONS; DEPENDENCE; NITROGEN; STATE AB The guided-ion beam method has been used to measure time-of-flight (TOF) spectra of the NO+ produced in the reaction of O+(S-4) and N-2(X (1)Sigma(g)(+)). Particular care was taken to minimize the participation of the O+(D-2,P-2) metastables in the reactions, the success of which is validated by measuring the absolute cross section for the reaction as a function of collision energy in the near-thermal to 1.5 eV range. In this range, the cross section exhibits a region of low reactivity at near-thermal energies, which can be obscured by reactions of metastables and other effects, and a region of sharply increasing reactivity above a threshold of collision energy approximate to 0.3 eV. The velocity-transformed TOF spectra, at collision energies of 0.51 eV, 0.80 eV, 3.2 eV, and 6.3 eV, indicate two reaction mechanisms: in the first, product ions are scattered backward with inefficient translational to internal energy conversion; in the second, product ions arise from intermediate collision complexes with efficient translational energy conversion. The first mechanism is associated with the passage through the spin-forbidden doublet ground state N2O+ intermediate, while the second involves passage through an endothermic quartet intermediate. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)02233-3]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Levandier, DJ (reprint author), Orion Int Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 9 BP 3954 EP 3960 DI 10.1063/1.479697 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 228BM UT WOS:000082116000023 ER PT J AU Tam, S Fajardo, ME Katsuki, H Hoshina, H Wakabayashi, T Momose, T AF Tam, S Fajardo, ME Katsuki, H Hoshina, H Wakabayashi, T Momose, T TI High resolution infrared absorption spectra of methane molecules isolated in solid parahydrogen matrices SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; ROVIBRATIONAL STATES; CRYSTAL; POLARIZABILITY; QUADRUPOLE; HYDROGEN; CLUSTERS AB We present high resolution (similar to 0.01 cm(-1)) infrared absorption spectra of the nu(4) band of methane doped parahydrogen (CH4/pH(2)) solids produced by two different techniques: gas condensation in an enclosed cell at T approximate to 8 K, and rapid vapor deposition onto a T approximate to 2 K substrate in vacuum. The spectrum of the rapid vapor deposited solid contains a novel progression of single peaks with approximate to 5 cm(-1) spacing, superimposed over the known spectrum of CH4 molecules trapped in sites of D-3h symmetry in hexagonal close-packed (hcp) solid pH(2). New theoretical calculations of the rovibrational transitions of a tetrahedral molecule in an external field of O-h symmetry permit the assignment of this new progression to CH4 molecules trapped in crystalline face centered cubic (fcc) regions of the pH(2) solid. Annealing of the rapid vapor deposited samples to T approximate to 5 K decreases the intensities of the CH4/pH(2)(fcc) absorptions, and results in intensity changes for parallel and perpendicularly polarized CH4/pH(2)(hcp) transitions. We discuss these phenomena, and the narrow (0.01-0.04 cm(-1) full width at half-maximum) absorption linewidths, in terms of the microscopic structure of the pH(2) hosts. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)01533-0]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSP, Propuls Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Tam, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSP, Propuls Directorate, Bldg 8451, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Hoshina, Hiromichi/H-7395-2014; OI Katsuki, Hiroyuki/0000-0002-7879-3042 NR 20 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 9 BP 4191 EP 4198 DI 10.1063/1.479717 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 228BM UT WOS:000082116000049 ER PT J AU Hesse, PJ Battino, R Scharlin, P Wilhelm, E AF Hesse, PJ Battino, R Scharlin, P Wilhelm, E TI Solubility of gases in liquids. 21. Solubility of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, N-2, O-2, CH4, CF4, and SF6 in 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at T=298.15 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE gas solubilities; Ostwald coefficients; Henry fugacities; 2,2,4-trimethylpentane ID PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES; AIR-COMPONENT GASES; ALKANES; 1-ALKANOLS; APPARATUS AB The Ostwald coefficients L-2,L-1 of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, N-2, O-2, CH4, CF4 and SF6 dissolved in 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) have been measured at the temperature 298.15 K and the pressure 101325 Pa with a modified Ben-Naim/Baer-type apparatus. Subsequently, the L-2,L-1 values are converted to Henry fugacities (Henry's law constants) at the vapour pressure of the solvent, and mole fraction solubilities at a partial gas pressure p(2) = 101325 Pa by using the thermodynamically rigorous methods previously given. This improved, medium-precision apparatus (the imprecision is about +/- 0.5 per cent) combines easy handling with automated data retrieval and is totally mercury-free. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Turku, Dept Chem, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. Univ Vienna, Inst Phys Chem, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Hesse, PJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 31 IS 9 BP 1175 EP 1181 DI 10.1006/jcht.1999.0529 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 233XE UT WOS:000082451800006 ER PT J AU Karna, SP AF Karna, SP TI Ab initio coupled Hartree-Fock study of the Bloembergen effect on paramagnetic systems: SiH3 radical SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hartree-Fock study; Bloembergen effect; SiH3 radical ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; ABINITIO CALCULATION; BASIS SET; CONSTANTS; MOLECULES; POLARIZABILITIES; DEPENDENCE; METHYL AB The Bloembergen effect on Si-29 and H-1 nuclei in SiH3 radical has been investigated by an ab initio time-dependent unrestricted Hartree-Fock method with the use of a double zeta plus polarization basis set. The largest effect is seen on the isotropic part of the hyperfine? interaction at Si-29 nucleus. The first-order electric field-induced hyperfine coupling coefficients for IH nuclei exhibit dependence on the spatial position of the atom in a molecule-fixed coordinate system. Implications of this and other interesting features of the Bloembergen effect on structural characterization of point defects in solid environment are discussed. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Karna, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 914, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1274 EP 1280 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 225EX UT WOS:000081946400007 ER PT J AU Williams, RL Henry, JM Murphy, MA Repperger, DW AF Williams, RL Henry, JM Murphy, MA Repperger, DW TI Naturally-Transitioning Rate-to-Force Control in free and constrained motion SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID CONTACT TRANSITION AB The Naturally-Transitioning Rate-to-Force Controller (NTRFC) is presented for teleoperation of manipulators. Our goal is to provide a single controller which handles free motion, constrained motion, and the transition in-between without any artificial changes. In free motion the displacement of the master device (via the human operator's hand) is proportional to the commanded Cartesian rate of the manipulator. In contact, the displacement of the human operator's hand is proportional to the wrench (force/moment) exerted on the environment by the manipulator. The transition between free rate motion and applied-wrench contact with the environment requires no changes in central mode or gains and hence is termed natural. Furthermore, in contact, if the master enables force reflection, the wrench of the the human operator's hand exerted on the master is proportional to the wrench exerted on the environment by the manipulator This article demonstrates the NTRFC concept via a simple 1-dof model and then discusses experimental implementation and results from a Merlin manipulator teleoperated via the force-reflecting PHAN-ToM interface. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. AFRL, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Williams, RL (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 1999 VL 121 IS 3 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1115/1.2802492 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 238ZL UT WOS:000082744600013 ER PT J AU Santos, MD Walker, WA Carnes, DL AF Santos, MD Walker, WA Carnes, DL TI Evaluation of apical seal in straight canals after obturation using the lightspeed sectional method SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID GUTTA-PERCHA; LEAKAGE AB This study evaluated the sectional gutta-percha obturation technique advocated by Lightspeed Technology, Inc. Single relatively straight-canaled teeth were prepared with rotary instruments and divided into three groups, Groups A and B served as controls and were obturated using laterally condensed gutta-percha and either Roth's 801 or Ketac-Endo sealer. Group C was obturated using the Lightspeed technique that included placement of a 5-mm apical section of gutta-percha, followed by backfill with Ketac-Endo sealer and a single gutta-percha cone. All teeth were suspended in India ink for 14 days then cleared. Four additional teeth, which were obturated as in group C then sectioned, revealed a tightly adapted apical section of gutta-percha with a very thin layer of sealer, However, voids were noted in the middle and coronal areas. There was no significant difference in apical microleakage among the three groups, The sectional method was significantly faster than lateral condensation and seems to offer promise as an effective obturation method. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, Adv Educ Program, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, Div Res, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Walker, WA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, Adv Educ Program, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 25 IS 9 BP 609 EP 612 DI 10.1016/S0099-2399(99)80319-7 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 231WU UT WOS:000082335000007 PM 10687539 ER PT J AU Hickox, JC Wickens, CD AF Hickox, JC Wickens, CD TI Effects of elevation angle disparity, complexity, and feature type on relating out-of-cockpit field of view to an electronic cartographic map SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-APPLIED LA English DT Article ID MENTAL ROTATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS; DISPLAYS; PERSPECTIVE; SIMILARITY AB This study examined 3 variables relating out-of-cockpit field of view to an electronic cartographic map. The primary independent variable was the difference between the sine of the elevation angles of the map and the sine of the elevation angles of the forward field of view (FFOV). Complexity level and feature type (anthropogenic vs. natural) were also investigated. Using a same-different paradigm, participants compared a cartographic "map" with a corresponding FFOV. Dependent measures were reaction time (RT) and error rate. Main effects were found for the sine disparity of the map and FFOV, complexity (RT only), and feature type. All interactions were significant and in the expected direction. Main effects of trial type (same or different) and an interaction with complexity were also investigated to examine the participants' search strategy. Conclusions are made and implications for the design of three-dimensional maps are discussed. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Aviat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hickox, JC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6F26, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1076-898X J9 J EXP PSYCHOL-APPL JI J. Exp. Psychol.-Appl. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 284 EP 301 DI 10.1037/1076-898X.5.3.284 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 233MM UT WOS:000082430700004 ER PT J AU Gorla, RSR Byrd, LW AF Gorla, RSR Byrd, LW TI Effect of electrostatic field on film rupture SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Nonlinear thin film rupture has been analyzed by investigating the stability of films under the influence of a nonuniform electrostatic field to finite amplitude disturbances. The dynamics of the liquid film is formulated using the Navier-Stokes equations including a body force term due to van der Waals attractions, The effect of the electric field is included in the analysis only in the boundary condition at the liquid vapor interface, The governing equation was solved by finite difference method as part of an initial value problem for spatial periodic boundary conditions. The electric field stabilizes the film and increases the time to rupture when a long wavelength perturbation is introduced. C1 Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Thermal Struct Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorla, RSR (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 1999 VL 121 IS 3 BP 651 EP 657 DI 10.1115/1.2823519 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 238JY UT WOS:000082708200021 ER PT J AU Zhang, XZ Bau, R Sheehy, JA Christe, KO AF Zhang, XZ Bau, R Sheehy, JA Christe, KO TI Crystal structure of hexamethylguanidinium hexafluorosilicate hexahydrate SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electronic structure calculation; hexamethylguanidinium hexafluorosilicate hexahydrate; X-ray structure ID MAIN-GROUP FLUORIDES; ION AB Single crystals of the hexamethylguanidinium hexafluorosilicate hexahydrate salt, [C(NMe2)(3)(+)](2)SiF62-. 6H(2)O, were isolated when a product, obtained by water removal from aqueous [C(NMe2)(3)]F ina glass vessel, was recrystallized from CH3OH. The crystal structure of this salt was determined, and the geometry of the free hexamethylguanidinium cation was calculated, showing that its observed propeller-shaped arrangement is not caused by solid state effects but is the true minimum energy structure of the free ion. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 98 IS 2 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0022-1139(99)00094-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 229DC UT WOS:000082177400006 ER PT J AU Kuo, SP Lee, MC Kossey, P AF Kuo, SP Lee, MC Kossey, P TI Excitation of short-scale field-aligned electron density irregularities by ionospheric topside sounders SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE AB Generation of short-scale field-aligned electron density irregularities on a short timescale (<< 1 s) by ionospheric topside sounder pulses is studied. It is a four-wave parametric coupling process, in which a sounder-launched Z mode pump wave decays into two electron Bernstein sidebands and a geomagnetic field-aligned density irregularity. The dispersion relation of the parametric coupling process has been derived and analyzed. The results show that meterscale field-aligned electron density irregularities (FAI) can be excited with growth rates of the order of 10(5) s(-1) under the resonance conditions that f(0) congruent to f(p) congruent to nf(c), where f(0),f(p), and f(c) are the pump wave frequency, electron plasma frequency, and electron cyclotron frequency, respectively, and n is an integer. The excited FAI extend along the magnetic field toward the satellite path, causing tile incoherent scattering of the subsequently transmitted sounding pulses. This is suggested to be a possible cause of long-duration Z mode echoes appearing on the Alouette 2 ionograms when f(0) congruent to f(p) congruent to nf(c), as reported by Benson [1997]. It is found that the threshold field of the instability decreases with increased n. It may explain why long-duration Z mode echoes were only observed when n greater than or equal to 4. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Kuo, SP (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A9 BP 19889 EP 19894 DI 10.1029/1999JA900232 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 232FK UT WOS:000082360100014 ER PT J AU Womack, DE Flowers, S AF Womack, DE Flowers, S TI Improving system performance: A case study in the application of the theory of constraints SO JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB To thrive in a capitated managed care environment, health systems must enroll more lives to increase revenue, yet they must also control costs to remain viable. This article is a case study of how a team of junior managers and frontline providers solved this conflict for their government-owned health system. The team used a simple, elegant combination of a basic continuous improvement model and the theory of constraints. Using these tools, the team: Exposed a fundamental assumption that was hampering daily throughput; Shifted resources to key processes, improving overall system performance; Significantly increased primary care access with no increase in cost; and Devised a plan to increase capacity with a resource investment that has a payback period of less than two months. The effort has been so successful that the organization's leadership now requires all managers to attend theory of constraints training and has developed short-term and long-term plans to further exploit the team's gains. Although specific issues will be different in other organizations, the approach used is powerful in its simplicity and is easily replicable. C1 384th Training Squadron, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. Off Air Surgeon Gen, Washington, DC USA. RP Womack, DE (reprint author), 384th Training Squadron, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER COLL HEALTHCARE EXEC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PRESS PI CHICAGO PA ONE NORTH FRANKLIN ST SUITE 1700, CHICAGO, IL 60606 USA SN 1096-9012 J9 J HEALTHC MANAG JI J. Healthc. Manag. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 44 IS 5 BP 397 EP 405 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 236HR UT WOS:000082594600012 PM 10621142 ER PT J AU Satz, D AF Satz, D TI Improving system performance: A case study in the application of the theory of constraints - Practitioner application SO JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Off AF Surgeon Gen, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Satz, D (reprint author), USAF, Off AF Surgeon Gen, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL HEALTHCARE EXEC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PRESS PI CHICAGO PA ONE NORTH FRANKLIN ST SUITE 1700, CHICAGO, IL 60606 USA SN 1096-9012 J9 J HEALTHC MANAG JI J. Healthc. Manag. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 44 IS 5 BP 405 EP 407 PG 3 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 236HR UT WOS:000082594600013 ER PT J AU Cinibulk, MK AF Cinibulk, MK TI Effect of divalent cations on the synthesis of citrate-gel-derived lanthanum hexaluminate powders and films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALUMINATE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GRAIN-GROWTH; POLYCRYSTALLINE AL2O3; LIQUID-PHASE; OXIDE; HEXAALUMINATE; KINETICS; CREEP; TRANSFORMATION; DENSIFICATION AB Low-temperature synthesis of hexaluminate phases for fiber-matrix interphases in ceramic-matrix composites is necessary to minimize processing temperatures to prevent fiber-strength degradation. Citrate-gel-derived lanthanum hexaluminate was synthesized using divalent transition-metal cations to stabilize the magnetoplumbite structure. Pure, undoped LaAl11O18 was obtained in 1 h only at temperatures >1500 degrees C after the formation and subsequent consumption of the intermediate perovskite, LaAlO3, which first appeared at similar to 1150 degrees C. Powders of LaMAl11O19, where M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, were prepared at much lower temperatures. Highly crystalline, phase-pure powders of LaMnAl11O19 and LaCuAl11O19 were obtained at 1000 degrees C in 1 h directly from the amorphous powder without the formation of the intermediate perovskite. All other compositions could be obtained at 1100 degrees C in 1 h except for the nominal LaNiAl11O19 which formed primarily LaAlO3, NiAl2O4, and Al2O3. Powders containing dopants all had similar grain sizes and morphologies at 1200 and 1500 degrees C; the grain size of powders with dopants was significantly greater than that of pure LaAl11O18 powder. The introduction of a second charge-compensating quadrivalent dopant for excess divalent cation did not greatly influence synthesis or grain growth below the eutectic temperature but did seem to enhance the [0001] texture of films on single-crystal yttrium-aluminum garnet substrates compared with singly doped films. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cinibulk, MK (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 14 IS 9 BP 3581 EP 3593 DI 10.1557/JMR.1999.0484 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 304RX UT WOS:000086498900015 ER PT J AU Vanheusden, K Warren, WL Devine, RAB Fleetwood, DM Draper, BL Schwank, JR AF Vanheusden, K Warren, WL Devine, RAB Fleetwood, DM Draper, BL Schwank, JR TI A non-volatile MOSFET memory device based on mobile protons in SiO2 thin films SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Amorphous and Crystalline Insulating Thin Films II CY OCT 12-14, 1998 CL SHAW COLL CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG, SHAW, HONG KONG SP Shaw Coll Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Chapter Mat Res Soc, Croucher Fdn Hong Kong, Asian Off USAF HO SHAW COLL CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG ID INTERFACE STATES; DEFECTS; MECHANISM; KINETICS; HYDROGEN; BUILDUP AB It is shown how mobile H+ ions can be generated thermally inside the oxide layer of Si/SiO2/Si structures. The technique involves only standard silicon processing steps: the non-volatile field effect transistor (NVFET) is based on a standard MOSFET with thermally grown SiO2 capped with a poly-silicon layer. The capped thermal oxide receives an anneal at similar to 1100 degrees C that enables the incorporation of the mobile protons into the gate oxide. The introduction of the protons is achieved by a subsequent 500-800 degrees C anneal in a hydrogen-containing ambient, such as forming-gas (N-2 : H-2 95:5). The mobile protons are stable and entrapped inside the oxide layer, and unlike alkali ions, their space-charge distribution can be controlled and rearranged at room temperature by an applied electric field. Using this principle, a standard metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor can be converted into a non-volatile memory transistor that can be switched between 'normally on' and 'normally off'. Switching speed, retention, endurance, and radiation tolerance data are presented showing that this non-volatile memory technology can be competitive with existing Si-based nonvolatile memory technologies such as the floating gate technologies (e.g. Flash memory). (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. France Telecom, Ctr Natl Etud Telecommun, F-38243 Meylan, France. RP Vanheusden, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 254 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00366-X PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 234ZH UT WOS:000082513900002 ER PT J AU Karna, SP Pugh, RD Shedd, WM Singaraju, BBK AF Karna, SP Pugh, RD Shedd, WM Singaraju, BBK TI Interaction of H+/H-0 with O atoms in thin SiO2 films: a first-principles quantum mechanical study SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Amorphous and Crystalline Insulating Thin Films II CY OCT 12-14, 1998 CL SHAW COLL CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG, SHAW, HONG KONG SP Shaw Coll Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Chapter Mat Res Soc, Croucher Fdn Hong Kong, Asian Off USAF HO SHAW COLL CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG ID MOBILE PROTONS; SI/SIO2/SI STRUCTURES; POSITIVE CHARGE; MEMORY DEVICE; BURIED SIO2; HYDROGEN; DEGRADATION; DEFECTS; OXIDES; H+ AB Ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations have been performed on model SiO2 + (H+H0) clusters to study the interaction between a bridging O atom and hydrogenic species in SiO2 films. The binding energy of H+ at a bridging O site is calculated to be greater than 8 eV, much larger than previously calculated energy. A neutral H atom is not found to form a stable bond with a bridging O atom. Bonding of a proton at the bridging O atom induces structural changes (increase in the Si-O-Si bond angle and O-Si bond lengths) at the bridging O atom. Subsequent to the addition of an electron, the stable protonated species releases a neutral H atom and relaxes back to the regular oxide structure. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Karna, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 914, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 254 BP 66 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00375-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 234ZH UT WOS:000082513900009 ER PT J AU Erickson, DM Chance, D Schmitt, S Mathis, J AF Erickson, DM Chance, D Schmitt, S Mathis, J TI An opinion survey of reported benefits from the use of stereolithographic models SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article AB Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the possible benefits from S-dimensional epoxy stereolithographic (SL) models produced from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Materials and Methods: Surgeon's opinions about the use of SL models for diagnosis, treatment planning, practicing surgery preoperatively, within the operating room during surgical! procedures, and for the construction of custom titanium implants or surgical devices were tabulated, using a 2-page survey. Results: Most of the surgeons found SL models useful in all phases of planning and implementation of surgical procedures. Sixty-five percent found that exposure to the SL model changed the way in which they approached the patient's surgery. They also determined that there was a median timesavings of 20% in expended operating room and anesthesia time. Sixty-two percent of surgeons believed the models were important for proper diagnosis. Conclusions: Most surgeons using 3-dimensional epoxy SL models for surgical procedures found them beneficial for diagnosis, treatment planning, as a reference during surgery, and in the fabrication of custom implants and surgical devices that afforded surgical solutions previously not available. Patients were believed to have received better care, because the surgeons had more knowledge of their unique anatomy before surgery. Through the use of these models, the patients experienced shorter surgical procedures, with more predictable results. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dent Lab Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Def Dent Stand Applicat, Washington, DC USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Prosthodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Erickson, DM (reprint author), 1212 Med Arts Bldg,324 W Super St, Duluth, MN 55802 USA. NR 5 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1040 EP 1043 DI 10.1016/S0278-2391(99)90322-1 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 233NN UT WOS:000082433100003 PM 10484104 ER PT J AU Scanlon, LG Sandi, G AF Scanlon, LG Sandi, G TI Layered carbon lattices and their influence on the nature of lithium bonding in lithium intercalated carbon anodes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Meeting on Lithium Batteries CY JUL 12-17, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc Japan, Comm Battery Technol, Int Soc Electrochem, Danion, Eveready Battery Co Inc, LIBES, Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd, OSTEC, SAFT, Solartron, Univ St Andrews DE ab initio; Gaussian; lithium intercalation; coronene; tetraboroanthracene; carbon anodes AB Ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been used to investigate the nature of lithium bonding in stage 1 lithium intercalated carbon anodes. This has been approximated by using layered carbon lattices such as coronene, (C24H12), anthracene, and anthracene substituted with boron. With two coronene carbon lattices forming a sandwich structure and intercalated with either two, three, four or six lithiums, it has been found th dr the predominant mode of bonding for the lithium is at the carbon edge sites as opposed to bonding at interior carbon hexagon sites. With a single planar coronene molecule approximating a graphene sheet, the bonding of four lithiums with this molecule is near the interior carbon hexagon sites. For anthracene and boron substituted anthracene, Lithium bonding takes place within the carbon hexagon sites. The separation between lithiums in a sandwich type structure with two anthracenes in the eclipsed conformation is 5.36 Angstrom. The effect of boron substitution is to increases lattice flexibility by allowing the lattice to twist and Lithium to bond at adjacent: hexagon sites. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Power Div, Battery Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Scanlon, LG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Power Div, Battery Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD SEP PY 1999 VL 81 BP 176 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00190-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 262WE UT WOS:000084090300030 ER PT J AU Fellner, JP Loeber, GJ Sandhu, SS AF Fellner, JP Loeber, GJ Sandhu, SS TI Testing of lithium-ion 18650 cells and characterizing/predicting cell performance SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Meeting on Lithium Batteries CY JUL 12-17, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc Japan, Comm Battery Technol, Int Soc Electrochem, Danion, Eveready Battery Co Inc, LIBES, Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd, OSTEC, SAFT, Solartron, Univ St Andrews DE lithium-ion; batteries; AC impedance spectroscopy; rechargeable; mathematical model; interfacial resistance AB The performance of lithium-ion cells, as determined from in-house testing, is primarily a function of cell design/materials, charge/discharge rate, ambient temperature, and the number of charge/discharge cycles. Testing of lithium-ion 18650 cells was performed in order to characterize their behavior and to eventually predict the performance of lithium-ion cells of various sizes. AC impedance spectroscopy was used to determine the interfacial resistance of the lithium-ion cells as a function of temperature, state-of-charge, and cycle number. From these results, a nonisothermal mathematical model was developed and preliminary results are presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Fellner, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD SEP PY 1999 VL 81 BP 867 EP 871 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(98)00238-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 262WE UT WOS:000084090300166 ER PT J AU Gruber, MR Goss, LP AF Gruber, MR Goss, LP TI Surface pressure measurements in supersonic transverse injection flowfields SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID JETS AB Pressure sensitive paint (PSP) was used to examine the surface pressures in flow fields created by the transverse injection of air through circular and elliptic nozzles into a supersonic freestream. Four Jet-to-freestream momentum Aux ratios J were investigated for each nozzle. A comparison of the PSP results with conventional pressure measurements indicates good agreement between the two techniques. Results confirm that operating conditions and injector geometry significantly affect the surface pressure field around a transverse jet. Increases in J alter the wall pressure field upstream and downstream of the injector. Injector geometry strongly affects the upstream extent of the the separation region and the bow shock, and the character of the wake region downstream of the the Jet. Also, the effective back pressures computed from the PSP data for the elliptic injector cases are significantly higher than for the circular injector cases, presenting a possible explanation for recently observed differences in transverse penetration. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, High Speed Syst Dev Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Gruber, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, High Speed Syst Dev Branch, Bldg 18,1790 Loop Rd N, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 633 EP 641 DI 10.2514/2.5487 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 235YL UT WOS:000082571400003 ER PT J AU Wu, PK Shahnam, M Kirkendall, KA Carter, CD Nejad, AS AF Wu, PK Shahnam, M Kirkendall, KA Carter, CD Nejad, AS TI Expansion and mixing processes of underexpanded supercritical fuel jets injected into superheated conditions SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE JETS; ETHYLENE; DECAY; GAS AB The expansion and mixing processes of underexpanded supercritical fuel jets injected Into superheated conditions were experimentally studied. Ethylene was used as the fuel, and nitrogen was the ambient gas. The near-held jet plume structure was characterized by the location and size of the Mach disk and the expansion angle. The Mach disk location of the supercritical ethylene jet matches that of an ideal-gas jet. The size of the Mach disk and the expansion angle, however, increase as the injection temperature approaches the critical value. The far-field mixing processes were characterized by measuring fuel mole fraction and temperature distributions using spontaneous Raman scattering. Fuel mole fraction distributions follow a Gaussian function, whereas temperature distributions exhibit a deficit inside the jet plume because of the expansion and acceleration of the fuel jet. As the injection condition approached the critical point, the following observations were made: 1) the ethylene centerline mole fraction increased, 2) the jet width at the stoichiometric level increased, 3) the jet width at half the maximum concentration remained the same, and 4) the temperature deficit became more significant. These results were attributed to the larger Infected fuel mass flow and fuel condensation when the jet injection conditions approach the critical point. C1 Taitech Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, PK (reprint author), Kaiser Marquardt, 16555 Saticoy St, Van Nuys, CA 91406 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 642 EP 649 DI 10.2514/2.5488 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 235YL UT WOS:000082571400004 ER PT J AU Murawski, CG Vafai, K AF Murawski, CG Vafai, K TI Effect of variable axial chord on a low-pressure turbine blade SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB An experimental study was conducted in a two-dimensional linear cascade, with focus on the suction surface of a low-pressure turbine blade. Flow Reynolds numbers, based on exit velocity and suction surface length, were varied from 50,000 to 300,000. The axial chord of the blades was varied by tail extenders from 0 to 15% beyond design. The effects of Reynolds number on a low-pressure turbine cascade blade with tail extensions were investigated. Separation was observed at all Reynolds numbers and in all flow cases. This study has shown that for certain cases, changing the axial cord of a low-pressure turbine blade by use of tail extensions provided a clear improvement In boundary-layer behavior, which results in better overall blade performance. The most profound effect of the tail extensions was seen when the tail was short. There was no additional advantage when the tail extensions were longer than 6.1% of the axial chord. The shortest tail extension resulted in the greatest zone of performance enhancement. The longer tail extension resulted in a smaller region of performance enhancement. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Murawski, CG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Bldg 18,1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 667 EP 674 DI 10.2514/2.5491 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 235YL UT WOS:000082571400007 ER PT J AU Kenyon, JA Rabe, DC Fleeter, S AF Kenyon, JA Rabe, DC Fleeter, S TI Aerodynamic effects on blade vibratory stress variations SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID FORCED RESPONSE; STATISTICS AB Blade-to-blade variations in blade resonant frequencies, known as mistuning, and how these variations are related to vibratory stress amplitude and viscous damping variations were investigated for an integrally bladed disk, or blisk. Blade response to an inlet total pressure distortion was measured using dynamic strain gauges with the blisk at operating conditions. In addition, a reduced-order analytical model of the blisk was used to predict the blade resonant stress variations. The measured stress variations were found to be strongly influenced by unsteady aerodynamic coupling. Blade structural mistuning and mechanical coupling through hub motion were determined to have only a minor influence on blade-to-blade stress variations. Stress distribution patterns at resonance and at constant speeds above and below resonance suggested a relationship between stress variations and unsteady aerodynamics. To support this, aerodynamic damping variations measured at resonance were shown to correspond roughly to stress variations. Experimental results were compared to the predicted variations from the reduced-order model. Results from the model indicated that unsteady aerodynamic coupling played an important role in the mistuned response of the blisk. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRTE, Turbine Engine Res Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kenyon, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRTE, Turbine Engine Res Ctr, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18D, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 675 EP 680 DI 10.2514/2.5492 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 235YL UT WOS:000082571400008 ER PT J AU McKenna, MDS Chung, K Iams, JD AF McKenna, MDS Chung, K Iams, JD TI Effect of digital cervical examination on the expression of fetal fibronectin SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE labor, premature; fibronectins; fetus; cervix uteri; digital cervical examination ID PREDICTOR AB OBJECTIVE: To determine whether oncofetal fibronectin (fFN) assays from symptomatic women are influenced by digital examination of the cervix. STUDY DESIGN: Cervico-vaginal fFN specimens were obtained from women at 22-34 weeks' gestational age with symptoms of preterm labor immediately prior to a digital examination of the cervix and two hours after. Fetal fibronectin was assayed by a specific enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results were reported as positive (greater than or equal to 50 ng/mL) or negative (<50 ng/mL). Paired initial and repeat fFN results were compared for statistical difference, and the clinical outcomes were used to assess the accuracy of the initial and repeat results. RESULTS: Fifty symptomatic women at an average gestational age of 29.3 +/- 2.0 weeks were enrolled. Eighty-six percent of the repeat fFN results remained unchanges after a digital examination, (P = .26, beta = .2). The predictive value of a negative fFN obtained after a digital examination was 97% for the absence of spontaneous preterm delivery in <8 or <15 days. Two of 16 initially positive results became negative after an examination, and one patient delivered two days later. Five of 34 initially negative fFN results became positive after an examination, and 5/5 delivered more than seven days later. CONCLUSION: Digital examination of the cervix has an effect on fFN results. The routine use of fFN after a digital examination is not recommended. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP McKenna, MDS (reprint author), USAF, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Med Grp SGOG 74, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 44 IS 9 BP 796 EP 800 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 237MH UT WOS:000082659800009 ER PT J AU House, JW Aref, B Foster, JC Gillis, PP AF House, JW Aref, B Foster, JC Gillis, PP TI Film data reduction from Taylor impact tests SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Taylor impact experiment; dynamic plasticity; strain rate; OFE copper; film analysis AB A high-speed photographic film record of a Taylor impact experiment was analysed to determine the strain, strain rate and stress. The stress was calculated on the basis of an interpretive analysis by Taylor involving the motion of a plastic wave in the material. The data on drawn OFE copper produced stresses from 300 to 400 MPa, for strains between 0 and 45 per cent. The strain rate approximation produced a peak value of 11 000 s(-1). The strain rate data showed a wide range of values in the plastically deforming region. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, AFRL,MNMW, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, TEAS Grp, Eglin AFB, FL USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP House, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, AFRL,MNMW, 101 W Eglin Blvd,Suite 135, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE,, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 34 IS 5 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1243/0309324991513678 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 238ZH UT WOS:000082744300004 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Rabinowitz, WM AF Brungart, DS Rabinowitz, WM TI Auditory localization of nearby sources. Head-related transfer functions SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTERAURAL TIME DIFFERENCES; FREE-FIELD; HUMAN EAR; TRANSFORMATION; MODEL; PLANE AB Although researchers have long recognized the unique properties of the head-related transfer function (HRTF) for nearby sources (within 1 m of the listener's head), virtually all of the HRTF measurements described in the literature have focused on source locations 1 m or farther from the listener. In this study, HRTFs for sources at distances from 0.12 to 1 m were calculated using a rigid-sphere model of the head and measured using a Knowles Electronic Manikin for Acoustic Research (KEMAR) and an acoustic point source. Both the calculations and the measurements indicate that the interaural level difference (ILD) increases substantially for lateral sources as distance decreases below 1 m, even at low frequencies where the ILD is small for distant sources. In contrast, the interaural time delay (ITD) is roughly independent of distance even when the source is close. The KEMAR measurements indicate that the direction of the source relative to the outer ear plays an important role in determining the high-frequency response of the HRTF in the horizontal plane. However, the elevation-dependent characteristics of the HRTFs are not strongly dependent on distance, and the contribution of the pinna to the HRTF is independent of distance beyond a few centimeters from the ear. Overall, the results suggest that binaural cues play an important role in auditory distance perception for nearby sources. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)04209-5]. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 151 Z9 166 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1465 EP 1479 DI 10.1121/1.427180 PN 1 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 238EW UT WOS:000082698800029 PM 10489704 ER PT J AU Boakye, E Hay, RS Petry, MD AF Boakye, E Hay, RS Petry, MD TI Continuous coating of oxide fiber tows using liquid precursors: Monazite coatings on Nextel 720 (TM) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; BORON-NITRIDE; THIN-FILMS; SOL; INTERFACE; STABILITY; STRENGTH; INTERPHASE; PHOSPHATE; MECHANICS AB Seven different aqueous or ethanolic precursors were used to continuously coat monazite (LaPO(4)) on Nextei 720(TM) fiber tows. Immiscible liquid displacement was used to minimize bridging of coating between filaments. Precursor viscosities, densities, and concentrations were measured, and solids:were characterized by DTA/TGA and X-ray. Coatings were cured in-line at 1200 degrees-1400 degrees C and characterized for thickness, microstructure, and composition by optical microscopy, SEM, and TEM, Tensile strengths of the coated fibers varied with the precursor used and were 25% to >50% lower than those of the as-received fiber. The coating stoichiometry and coating thickness of a particular precursor. did not correlate with tensile strength. Median coating thicknesses were typically similar to 50-100 nm for precursors with 40-80 g/L monazite, much larger than thicknesses predicted by theory for 12 mm diameter monofilaments, There were significant thickness variations from filament to filament, but usually little variation in composition or microstructure, Amorphous AlPO(4) layers formed from phosphate-rich precursors. Factors that could affect coating characteristics and tensile strength reduction were discussed. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boakye, E (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 80 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 82 IS 9 BP 2321 EP 2331 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 291XA UT WOS:000085763600005 ER PT J AU Leonard, DL Charlton, DG AF Leonard, DL Charlton, DG TI Performance of high-speed dental handpieces - Subjected to simulated clinical use and sterilization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Background. The authors investigated the performance of nine commercially available highspeed air-turbine dental handpieces subjected to 1,000 simulated clinical uses and sterilizations. Methods. Six new handpieces from each of nine different models were subjected to simulated clinical use with a custom-made handpiece wear tester and then autoclaved. Ten parameters related to clinical performance (longevity, power, turbine speed, fiberoptic transmission, eccentricity, noise, chuck performance, visibility angle, interocclusal clearance and water coolant spray pattern) were measured at baseline and after 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 use/sterilization cycles. Results. Power, turbine speed, eccentricity and noise performance were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc pairwise comparison tests at the .05 significance level. At baseline, significant differences were found between models for all of these parameters. In general, from baseline to 1,000 cycles, the handpieces exhibited greater eccentricity and reduced fiberoptic performance. Longevity data analyzed by using Geban's generalized Wilcoxon test for comparison of survival distributions (alpha=.05) revealed significant differences between the handpiece models. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that no handpiece model is superior to the others in all parameters evaluated. All models evaluated can be expected to perform for at least 500 clinical use/sterilizations, or approximately one year, if properly maintained. Clinical Implications. Clinicians need to be able to identify handpieces that can withstand repeated heat sterilization without loss of performance or longevity. The results of this study will aid clinicians in selecting handpiece models that meet their needs. C1 USAF, Dent Corps, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, AFD, Dent Invest Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Leonard, DL (reprint author), USAF, Dent Corps, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 130 IS 9 BP 1301 EP 1311 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 233VK UT WOS:000082447800016 PM 10492537 ER PT J AU Dotan, I Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA AF Dotan, I Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA TI Rate constants for the reactions of Ar+ with CO2 and SO2 as a function of temperature (300-1500 K) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; FLOWING-AFTERGLOW APPARATUS; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; KINETIC-ENERGY; RESONANCE; N-2; O-2 AB We have measured the rate constants for the reactions of Ar+ with CO2 and SO2 from 300 to 1500 K in a high temperature flowing afterglow. For the reaction with CO2 we have found that all modes of energy, i.e., translation, rotation, and vibration, affect the rate constant to the same degree up to a total energy of 0.4 eV. Above 0.4 eV total energy, internal energy decreases the rate constants more effectively than does translational energy. For the reaction of Ar+ with SO2 the rate constants go through a minimum at about 900 It. By comparing our results to drift tube data, we derive rate constants for reaction from the nu = 0 and nu > 0 vibrational levels. At low energy, the vibrationally excited SO2 molecules react with Ar+ approximately twice as fast as the ground state molecules. Both vibrational modes have similar temperature dependences. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1999, 10, 815-820) (C) 1999 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 10 IS 9 BP 815 EP 820 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(99)00056-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 232HB UT WOS:000082364200005 ER PT J AU Hammer, DX Welch, AJ Noojin, GD Thomas, RJ Stolarski, DJ Rockwell, BA AF Hammer, DX Welch, AJ Noojin, GD Thomas, RJ Stolarski, DJ Rockwell, BA TI Spectrally resolved white-light interferometry for measurement of ocular dispersion SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL CHROMATIC ABERRATION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX MEASUREMENTS; LINEAR-REGRESSION; ACCURATE METHOD; MEDIA; LASER; LIQUIDS; EYE; TEMPERATURE; WAVELENGTH AB Spectrally resolved white-light interferometry was used to measure the wavelength dependence of refractive index (i.e., dispersion) for various ocular components. Verification of the technique's efficacy was substantiated by accurate measurement of the dispersive properties of water and fused silica, which have both been well-characterized in the past by single-wavelength measurement of the refractive index. The dispersion of bovine and rabbit aqueous and vitreous humors was measured from 400 to 1100 nm. In addition, the dispersion was measured from 400 to 700 nm for aqueous and vitreous humors extracted from goat and rhesus monkey eyes. An unsuccessful attempt was also made to use the technique for dispersion measurement of bovine cornea and lens. The principles of white-light interferometry, including image analysis, measurement accuracy, and limitations of the technique, are discussed. In addition, alternate techniques and previous measurements of ocular dispersion are reviewed. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)01409-X]. OCIS codes: 260.2030, 290.3030, 170.4460, 120.3180, 170.3660. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. TASC, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Hammer, DX (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 16 IS 9 BP 2092 EP 2102 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.002092 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 229DV UT WOS:000082179000004 PM 10474890 ER PT J AU Bauer, JJ Bishoff, JT Moore, RG Chen, RN Iverson, AJ Kavoussi, LR AF Bauer, JJ Bishoff, JT Moore, RG Chen, RN Iverson, AJ Kavoussi, LR TI Laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty: Assessment of objective and subjective outcome SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE laparoscopy; pain measurement; outcome assessment (health care) ID URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION; DISMEMBERED PYELOPLASTY; ENDOPYELOTOMY; COMPLICATIONS; RETROGRADE; VESSELS; REPAIR AB Purpose: We determine the subjective and objective durability of laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty. Materials and Methods: From August 1993 to April 1997, 42 patients underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty (laparoscopy group) with a minimum clinical followup of 12 months (mean 22). Subjective outcomes and objective findings were compared to those of 35 patients who underwent open pyeloplasty (open surgery group) from August 1986 to April 1997 with a minimum clinical followup of 12 months (mean 58). We assessed clinical outcome based on responses to a subjective analog pain and activity scale. In addition, radiographic outcome was assessed based on the results of the most recent radiographic study. Results: Of the 42 laparoscopy group patients 90% (38) were pain-free (26, 62%) or had significant improvement in flank pain (12, 29%) after surgery. Two patients had only minor improvement and 2 had no improvement in pain. Surgery failed in only 1 patient with complete obstruction. A patent ureteropelvic junction was demonstrated in 98% (41 of 42 patients) of the laparoscopy group on the most recent radiographic study (mean radiographic followup 15 months). Of the 35 open surgery group patients 91% were pain-free (21, 60%) or significantly improved (11, 31%) after surgery. One patient had only minor improvement and 2 were worse. Conclusions: Pain relief, improved activity level and relief of obstruction outcomes are equivalent for laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty. C1 Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. St Louis Univ, Div Urol, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Kavoussi, LR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Dept Surg, 4940 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 26 TC 150 Z9 165 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 162 IS 3 BP 692 EP 695 DI 10.1097/00005392-199909010-00016 PN 1 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 225NE UT WOS:000081967000015 PM 10458344 ER PT J AU Cadeddu, JA Bishoff, JT Chan, DY Moore, RG Kavoussi, LR Jarrett, TW AF Cadeddu, JA Bishoff, JT Chan, DY Moore, RG Kavoussi, LR Jarrett, TW TI Laparoscopic testicular denervation for chronic orchalgia SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE laparoscopy; denervation; testis; pain ID POSTVASECTOMY PAIN; MANAGEMENT AB Purpose: No specific cause is identified in most cases of chronic orchialgia. Nonsurgical therapies, including management at a chronic pain clinic, are generally recommended. Only when multiple conservative measures fail are patients offered surgical intervention, such as orchiectomy. We evaluate laparoscopic testicular denervation as an organ preserving and minimally invasive surgical alternative. Materials and Methods: Since 1993, 9 patients with chronic orchialgia have undergone transperitoneal laparoscopic testicular denervation after nonsurgical modalities failed. Using 1, 10 mm, and 1 or 2, 5 mm. ports, the gonadal vessels were isolated circumferentially and divided cephalad to the vas deferens and its vasculature. Preoperative treatment modalities, morbidity and outcome were documented. A cord block provided temporary relief in all 9 patients. Analog scales were used to assess long-term pain relief (0 no pain to 100 worst pain) and activity levels (0 bedrest to 100 no restrictions). Results: Average symptom duration before laparoscopic testicular denervation was 4.1 years. Of 9 patients 8 had undergone prior scrotal surgery. Failed nonsurgical modalities included anti-inflammatory drugs in 7 patients, antibiotics in 6, pain clinic consultations in 4 and antidepressant medications in 2. Mean pain score decreased from 69.4 (range 35 to 90) preoperatively to 30.6 at a mean followup of 25.1 months. Excluding the 2 cases that had no pain relief (less than 10-point reduction), average pain score decreased from 69 to 19 postoperatively (mean reduction 71%). Activity levels improved in all cases. There were no significant complications, including testis atrophy. One patient who had no pain relief underwent subsequent hydrocelectomy for pain, which also failed. Conclusions: Laparoscopic testicular denervation can provide significant long-term pain relief and appears to be a reasonable alternative in select cases with chronic orchialgia refractory to medical therapy. Larger series and prospective evaluations are necessary. C1 Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, St Louis, MO USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cadeddu, JA (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. NR 9 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 162 IS 3 BP 733 EP 735 DI 10.1097/00005392-199909010-00028 PN 1 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 225NE UT WOS:000081967000027 PM 10458355 ER PT J AU O'Keefe, MJ Leedy, KD Grant, JT Fang, M Gu, H O'Keefe, TJ AF O'Keefe, MJ Leedy, KD Grant, JT Fang, M Gu, H O'Keefe, TJ TI Characterization of organic solution deposited copper seed layers on Al(Cu) sputtered thin films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processes for Microelectronics CY MAR 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID METALLIZATION; RELIABILITY; STRESS AB AI(Cu) thin films on the subsequent deposition of copper seed layers from copper bearing organic solutions have been completed. The amount of Cu in the AI(Cu) films was varied from 0 to 2 wt % and it was determined that a slight improvement in organically deposited copper particle density occurred with increasing Cu concentration in the Al(Cu) him. A more significant influence on organic solution copper deposition was the segregation of Cu in the Al(Cu) toward the surface of the film during annealing. Annealed Al(Cu) films were found by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to have a measurable increase in the concentration of Cu near the surface which facilitated the nucleation of organically deposited copper. Broad face and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy of Al(Cu) films with and without organically deposited copper seed layers indicated that the cementation exchange reaction was confined to the near surface of the Al(Cu) films and that discrete, pure copper particles were deposited from the organic solution. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)05305-6]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Engn Met, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Univ Missouri, Mat Res Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP O'Keefe, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 17 IS 5 BP 2366 EP 2372 DI 10.1116/1.590920 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 245VY UT WOS:000083129900080 ER PT J AU Li, SG Okoon, B Hella, M Ismail, M Rubeiz, M AF Li, SG Okoon, B Hella, M Ismail, M Rubeiz, M TI The implementation of a VHDL-AMS to SPICE converter SO JOURNAL OF VLSI SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The implementation of a VHDL-AMS to SPICE converter (Vhdl2Spice) to be inserted in a complete CAD environment [1] is described. Vhdl2Spice generates a SPICE netlist by tracing down the VHDL IIR parse tree available from the already existing VHDL analyzer. Corresponding to each VHDL design unit, the output of the converter is represented as a subcircuit in SPICE. By doing so, the hierarchical characteristic of VHDL is retained in the SPICE representation; hence future extension to both programs can be made in parallel. The Vhdl2Spice converter is also a demonstration of the extensibility of the AIRE [2] for a complete integration of VHDL-AMS with other CAD tools. C1 Ohio State Univ, Analog VLSI Lab, Dreese Lab 205, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Radio Elect Lab, S-16428 Kista, Sweden. USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, SG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Analog VLSI Lab, Dreese Lab 205, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-5773 J9 J VLSI SIG PROCESS S JI J. VLSI Signal Process. Syst. Signal Image Video Technol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 22 IS 2 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1023/A:1008147323257 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 227HY UT WOS:000082076100004 ER PT J AU Ewing, RL AF Ewing, RL TI Technology road map to methodologies for mixed-signal system design and simulation SO JOURNAL OF VLSI SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Unfortunately, the best solution for one mixed-signal design, is not the best solution for all mixed-signal designs. This is especially true in light of today's microwave applications that span the range from low-power, low-performance type of devices, through high-power, high-frequency and high-performance applications. Digital designs are automated through the use of the VHDL hardware description language, while the mixed-signal counterparts are automated using the newly developed VHDL-AMS extension. The essential ingredients for mixed-signal design fall into the methodologies of scalable functionality, robust design and feedback techniques. Scalable functionality refers to the non-conventional methodology of dimensional analysis for establishing magnitude relationships between mixed-signal system variables. Robust design of a mixed-signal system, involves the blending of the z-domain (digital) and the s-domain (continuous), resulting in the wp-domain. Robust feedback involves the inherit feedback nature of mixed-signal systems, by providing a methodology of design that emphasizes the use of feedback for achieving the desired robust system performance tolerances despite device parameter uncertainty and noise disturbances. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ewing, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Inst Technol, 2959 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-5773 J9 J VLSI SIG PROCESS S JI J. VLSI Signal Process. Syst. Signal Image Video Technol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 22 IS 2 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1023/A:1008199307327 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 227HY UT WOS:000082076100005 ER PT J AU Rink, KA Rodin, EY Sundarapandian, V Redfern, MA AF Rink, KA Rodin, EY Sundarapandian, V Redfern, MA TI Routing airlift aircraft by the double-sweep algorithm SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article ID MILITARY AIRLIFT AB In this paper, we describe the problem of modeling the routing of aircraft across a network of enroute bases. This is done to provide routes for scenarios that;are being studied by the analysis tools at the Airlift Mobility Command. We are primarily concerned with the development of routes that can be easily implemented with the airlift operations analysis tools in use at AMC. We will describe the specific implementation issues that have been addressed. One such issue is the use of available data in a specific input file format. Another crucial issue is adapting the base-to-base route set provided by the double-sweep algorithm into a region-to-region route set which can be used by the airlift analysis models. The methods used to adapt the route sets appropriately are described, and test results are provided for two different scenarios. Finally, recommendations that were given to the analysts at AMC for use of the k-shortest path routine are given. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Syst Sci & Math, Ctr Optimizat & Semant Control, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. RP Rink, KA (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Syst Sci & Math, Ctr Optimizat & Semant Control, Campus Box 1040, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. OI Vaidyanathan, Sundarapandian/0000-0003-4696-908X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5-6 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0895-7177(99)00153-3 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 237BV UT WOS:000082634500010 ER PT J AU Raeth, PG Reising, JM AF Raeth, PG Reising, JM TI Transitioning basic research to build a dynamic model of pilot trust and workload allocation SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article AB For pilots to accept active decision aids during complex flight scenarios, it is essential that the automation work in synergy with the aircrew. To accomplish this, the automation must go well beyond menu and macro selections, where the pilot explicitly tells the automation what to do and when to do it. It must also transcend "mother may I" approaches, where the automation asks for permission to proceed. To breach these traditional barriers, the automation needs a sense of how the pilot will react in a given situation and, based on that reaction, how much of the workload could be allocated to the automation at any given time. To advance the applied aspects of the research in this area, the authors transitioned results from three major research efforts. We implemented a dynamic model of pilot trust and workload allocation that correlates with the human data collected during those efforts. This "full degrees of freedom" engineering model is an early attempt to build a continuous adaptive process that divides cockpit workload between human and machine, and that minimizes human cognitive overload. This paper provides implementation detail, and relates those details to the original research and human factors literature. An example of the model's use based on an involved flight scenario is presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Remote Sensing Applicat Directorate, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directortate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Raeth, PG (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Remote Sensing Applicat Directorate, 2435 Flyway Court, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5-6 BP 149 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S0895-7177(99)00154-5 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 237BV UT WOS:000082634500011 ER PT J AU Gao, XL AF Gao, XL TI An exact elastoplastic solution for the plane wedge problem of an elastic linear-hardening material SO MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION; PLATE AB A closed-form elastoplastic solution is presented for a plane wedge of elastic linear-hardening material subjected to an arbitrary concentrated force at its vertex. Hencky's deformation theory and von Mises's yield criterion are used to describe the constitutive relations. Solutions are derived for both plane stress (thin) and (incompressible) plane strain (thick) wedges, and they are given for both the elastic and plastic zones. The solution is general in the sense that it contains three adjustable parameters. Solutions of two typical half-plane problems are obtained by applying the general solution directly. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gao, XL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1081-2865 J9 MATH MECH SOLIDS JI Math. Mech. Solids PD SEP PY 1999 VL 4 IS 3 BP 289 EP 306 DI 10.1177/108128659900400302 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 227VZ UT WOS:000082101800002 ER PT J AU Ender, PT Durning, SJ Woelk, WK Brockett, RM Astorga, A Reddy, R Meier, PA AF Ender, PT Durning, SJ Woelk, WK Brockett, RM Astorga, A Reddy, R Meier, PA TI Pseudo-outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; VANCOMYCIN; OXACILLIN; SURVEILLANCE; MICROBIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; SYSTEMS; STRAINS; TESTS; PCR AB Objective: To determine whether a high rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at our institution was due to laboratory misclassification and to evaluate the effect of this misclassification. Material and Methods: We evaluated all S aureus isolates identified at our institution during a 60-day period in 1997, Automated susceptibility test results (using the Vitek system) from our clinical microbiology laboratory and an independent laboratory were compared with oxacillin agar screen plate results at both laboratories. Isolates with discordant results for susceptibility to oxacillin were tested by broth microdilution minimal inhibitory concentrations and for the presence of the mecA gene. Results: Eighteen (72%) of the 25 organisms (obtained from 17 patients) found to be resistant to oxacillin by the Vitek system at our institution were susceptible by the oxacillin agar screen. Discordant isolates tested by broth microdilution minimal inhibitory concentrations and for the mecA gene were found to be oxacillin susceptible and mecA gene negative. Thus, at our hospital, almost three fourths of the organisms initially identified as methicillin-resistant S aureus by the Vitek system were actually susceptible to oxacillin, This misclassification resulted in needless infection control measures and unnecessary vancomycin use. Conclusion: Hospitals that use only automated susceptibility testing for S aureus should periodically validate their results with additional testing. C1 Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ender, PT (reprint author), USAF, Div Infect Dis, Med Grp SGOM 74, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 74 IS 9 BP 885 EP 889 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 234HH UT WOS:000082478200005 PM 10488789 ER PT J AU Boehlert, CJ Majumdar, BS Seetharaman, V Miracle, DB AF Boehlert, CJ Majumdar, BS Seetharaman, V Miracle, DB TI Part I. The microstructural evolution in Ti-Al-NbO plus Bcc orthorhombic alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES; TI-24AL-15NB ALLOY; TI3AL-NB ALLOY; PHASE; TRANSFORMATION; MECHANISMS; TI2ALNB AB Phase transformations and the resulting microstructural evolution of near-Ti2AlNb and Ti-12Al-38Nb O + bcc orthorhombic alloys were investigated. For the near-Ti2AlNb alloys, the processing temperatures were below the bcc transus, while, for Ti-12Al-38Nb, the processing temperature was supertransus. Phase evolution studies showed that these alloys contain several constituent phases, namely, bcc, O, and alpha(2); when present, the latter was in small quantities compared to the other phases. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Xray investigations of samples that were solutionized and water quenched were used to estimate the phase fields, and a pseudobinary diagram based on Ti = 50 at. pct was modified. The aging transformation behavior was studied in detail. For solutionizing temperatures between 875 degrees C and the bcc transus, the phase composition and volume fraction of the near-Ti2AlNb alloys adjusted through relative size changes of the equiaxed B2, O, and alpha(2) grains. The aging behavior followed three distinct transformation modes, dependent on the solutionizing and aging temperatures. Widmanstatten formation was observed when a new phase evolved from a parent phase. Thus, Widmanstatten O phase precipitated within the B2 phase for supertransus fully B2 microstructures, as well as for subtransus alpha(2) + B2 microstructures. Similarly, Widmanstatten B2 phase can form from a fully O microstructure, a transformation that has not been observed before. In the case of equiaxed O + B2 solutionized and water-quenched microstructures, Widmanstatten O-phase formation occurred only below 875 degrees C. For the subtransus-solutionized and water-quenched microstructures, a second aging transformation mode, cellular precipitation, was dominant below 750 degrees C. This involved formation of coarse and lenticular O phase that grew into the prior B2 grains from the grain boundaries. A third transformation mode involved composition-invariant transformation, where the fully B2 supertransus-solutionized and water-quenched microstructure transformed to a fully O microstructure at 650 degrees C. This microstructure reprecipitated B2 phase out of the O phase with continued aging time. For Ti-12Al-38Nb, Widmanstatten O precipitation remained the only transformation mode. It is shown that subtransus processing offers flexibility in controlling microstructures through postprocessing heat treatments. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 39 TC 107 Z9 121 U1 5 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2305 EP 2323 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0240-4 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 234HG UT WOS:000082478100003 ER PT J AU Boehlert, CJ Miracle, DB AF Boehlert, CJ Miracle, DB TI Part II. The creep behavior of Ti-Al-NbO plus Bcc orthorhombic alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE CREEP; TITANIUM ALUMINIDE; DIFFUSIONAL CREEP; DEFORMATION; MECHANISMS; ALPHA-2; METALS AB The intermediate-temperature (650 degrees C to 760 degrees C) creep behavior of orthorhombic (O) + bcc alloys containing 50 at. pct Ti was studied. Ti-25Al-25Nb, Ti-23Al-27Nb, and Ti-12Al-38Nb ingots were processed and heat treated to obtain a wide variety of microstructures. Creep deformation mechanisms and the effects of grain size, phase volume fraction, tension vs compression and aging on creep rates were examined. Unaged microstructures, which transformed during the creep experiments, exhibited larger primary creep strains than transformed microstructures, which were crept after long-term aging. The deformation observations and calculated creep exponents and activation energies suggested that separate creep mechanisms, dependent on the applied stress level, were dominating the secondary creep behavior. Coble creep characteristics, including relatively low activation energies and dislocation densities as well as stress exponents close to unity, were exhibited at low applied stresses. Experiments on fiducially marked specimens indicated that grain-boundary sliding was occurring for intermediate applied stresses. In this regime, the minimum creep rates were proportional to the applied stress squared and inversely proportional to the grain size. Dislocation-controlled creep characteristics, including stress exponents of greater than or equal to 3.5 and relatively high activation energies and dislocation densities, were exhibited at high stresses. Overall, the minimum creep rates were dependent on microstructure and stress. Within the low-to-intermediate stress regimes, subtransus processed and heat-treated microstructures, which contained much finer grain sizes than supertransus microstructures, exhibited the poorest creep resistance. The influence of grain size was not as significant within the high-stress regime. It is shown that for low-to-intermediate stress levels, grain size is the dominant microstructural feature influencing the creep behavior of O + bcc alloys. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boehlert, CJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 34 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 15 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2349 EP 2367 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0244-0 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 234HG UT WOS:000082478100007 ER PT J AU DeLo, DP Semiatin, SL AF DeLo, DP Semiatin, SL TI Hot working of Ti-6Al-4V via equal channel angular extrusion SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V during high-temperature equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) with or without an initial increment of upset deformation was determined for billets with either a lamellar or an equiaxed alpha preform microstructure. For conventional ECAE (ie., deformation by simple shear alone), flow localization and fracture occurred at temperatures between 900 degrees C and 985 degrees C. In contrast, billets deformed at temperatures between 845 degrees C and 985 degrees C using an initial increment of upset deformation immediately followed by the simple shear deformation of ECAE exhibited uniform flow with no significant cracking or fracture. A simple flow-localization criterion was used to explain the influence of preupsetting on the suppression of localization in billets with the lamellar microstructure. The suppression of flow localization for the equiaxed microstructure and the elimination of edge cracking for both types of microstructures were explained in terms of heat transfer (die chill) and workpiece geometry. Further evidence of the relative importance of microstructural and thermal effects was extracted from the results of two-pass extrusions, the first with upsetting and the second without upsetting. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DeLo, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 10 TC 56 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2473 EP 2481 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0256-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 234HG UT WOS:000082478100019 ER PT J AU Karna, SP Kurtz, HA AF Karna, SP Kurtz, HA TI Quantum mechanical characterization of E '-type centers in a-SiOx films. SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 16-19, 1999 CL KLOSTER BANZ, GERMANY SP Stifterverband Deuts Wissenschaft, European Off Aerospace Res & Dev, Airforce Off Sci Res, U S Air Force Res Lab, Infineon Technol, Wacker Siltronic, IEEE Elect Device Soc ID SI-29 HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE; AMORPHOUS SIO2; TRIPLET-STATE; E' CENTERS; INTERFACE STATES; SILICON-WAFERS; OXYGEN VACANCY; DEFECT CENTERS; GLASS AB Atomic structure and spin properties of model clusters representing neutral E'-type centers have been determined by ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations using extended basis sets. From a comparison of the calculated spin properties of the model E'-type centers with the experimental data, we identify the recently observed X center with O2S=Si-up arrow atomic structure. The other E'-type species with OSi2=Si-up arrow atomic structure and identified here as the Y center has not yet been reported. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Memphis State Univ, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Karna, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(99)00349-4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 247ZF UT WOS:000083250300024 ER PT J AU Girault, V Devine, RAB Warren, WL Vanheusden, K AF Girault, V Devine, RAB Warren, WL Vanheusden, K TI A study of proton generation in Si/SiO2/Si structures SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 16-19, 1999 CL KLOSTER BANZ, GERMANY SP Stifterverband Deuts Wissenschaft, European Off Aerospace Res & Dev, Airforce Off Sci Res, U S Air Force Res Lab, Infineon Technol, Wacker Siltronic, IEEE Elect Device Soc AB The results of a study of the proton generation reaction in Si/SiO2/Si structures during forming gas (N-2, H-2) annealing are presented. The main objective of the experiment was to determine the type of the reaction, i.e. to ascertain whether the oxide surface or oxide volume is predominant. We conclude that the oxide surface related generation mechanism appears to be the most important. At the same time as protons are generated, we observed a change in the top Si layer resistance. This may be associated with the reaction with hydrogen during the forming gas anneal. C1 France Telecom, Ctr Natl Etud Telecommun, F-38243 Meylan, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Girault, V (reprint author), France Telecom, Ctr Natl Etud Telecommun, BP 98, F-38243 Meylan, France. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(99)00363-9 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 247ZF UT WOS:000083250300038 ER PT J AU Vanheusden, K Fleetwood, DM Devine, RAB Warren, WL AF Vanheusden, K Fleetwood, DM Devine, RAB Warren, WL TI Reactions and diffusion during annealing-induced H+ generation in SOI buried oxides SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 16-19, 1999 CL KLOSTER BANZ, GERMANY SP Stifterverband Deuts Wissenschaft, European Off Aerospace Res & Dev, Airforce Off Sci Res, U S Air Force Res Lab, Infineon Technol, Wacker Siltronic, IEEE Elect Device Soc ID SIO2 THIN-FILMS AB We report experimental results suggesting that mobile protons are generated at strained Si-O-Si bonds near the Si/SiO2 interface during annealing in forming gas. Our data further suggest that the presence of the top Si layer plays a crucial role in the mobile H+ generation process. Finally, we show that the diffusion of the reactive species (presumably H-2 or H-0) towards the H+ generation sites occurs laterally along the buried oxide layer, and can be impeded significantly due to the presence of trapping sites in the buried oxide. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. France Telecom, Ctr Natl Etud Telecommun, F-38243 Meylan, France. RP Vanheusden, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 363 EP 366 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(99)00406-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 247ZF UT WOS:000083250300080 ER PT J AU Lair, AV Wood, AW AF Lair, AV Wood, AW TI Large solutions of semilinear elliptic problems SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE large solution; elliptic equation; semilinear equation ID EQUATIONS C1 USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lair, AV (reprint author), USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, ENC, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0362-546X J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR JI Nonlinear Anal.-Theory Methods Appl. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 6 BP 805 EP 812 DI 10.1016/S0362-546X(98)00074-1 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 205VL UT WOS:000080841200009 ER PT J AU Schone, N Walsh, DS Sexton, FW Doyle, BL Dodd, PE Aurand, JF Wing, N AF Schone, N Walsh, DS Sexton, FW Doyle, BL Dodd, PE Aurand, JF Wing, N TI Time-resolved ion beam induced charge collection (TRIBICC) in micro-electronics SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Nuclear Microprobe Technology and Applications CY OCT 11-16, 1998 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SP Natl Accelerator Ctr, Nucl Microprobe Unit, Schonland Res Ctr Nucl Sci, ID TRANSIENTS; DAMAGE AB A focused 12-MeV carbon ion micro-beam was used to acquire multiple single ion transients at various locations of a single CMOS transistor. Complete current transients induced by single ions were measured at a 5 GPIz analog bandwidth, The current transients reveal clear and discernible contributions of drift and diffusive charge collection. Estimates are presented for the drift assisted, funneling charge collection depth. Radiation damage effects on drift and diffusive charge collection are reported. Transients measured for drain and off-drain ion strikes compare well to 3D DAVINCI calculations, (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schone, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSE, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD SEP PY 1999 VL 158 IS 1-4 BP 424 EP 431 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(99)00355-9 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 255JX UT WOS:000083666700071 ER PT J AU Rahman, MM Bula, AJ Leland, JE AF Rahman, MM Bula, AJ Leland, JE TI Conjugate heat transfer during free jet impingement of a high Prandtl number fluid SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article ID UNIFORM WALL TEMPERATURE; FREE IMPINGING JET; CIRCULAR JETS; LIQUID JETS; INITIALLY LAMINAR; SUBMERGED JETS; SOLID-SURFACE; PLANAR JET; REGION; WATER AB This article presents the results of numerical simulation of a free jet of a high Prandtl number fluid impinging perpendicularly on a solid substrate of finite thickness containing electronics on the opposite surface. The numerical model,uas developed considering both solid and fluid regions and solved as a conjugate problem. The influence of different operating parameters such as jet velocity, heat flux, plate thickness, nozzle height, and plate material were investigated. Computed results were validated with available experimental data. It was found that the local Nusselt number is maximum at the center of the disk and decreases gradually with radius as the flow moves downstream. The average Nusselt number and the maximum temperature occurring in the solid varied significantly with impingement velocity, disk thickness, and thermal conductivity of the disk material. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USAF, Aero Prop & Power Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rahman, MM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Mech Engn, 4202 E Fowler Ave,ENG 135, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 USA SN 1040-7790 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 139 EP 162 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 239AE UT WOS:000082746000002 ER PT J AU Missey, MJ Dominic, V Powers, PE Schepler, KL AF Missey, MJ Dominic, V Powers, PE Schepler, KL TI Periodically poled lithium niobate monolithic nanosecond optical parametric oscillators and generators SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE; THRESHOLD; LINBO3 AB We fabricated and characterized periodically poled lithium niobate monolithic optical parametric oscillators (OPO's) and generators. The compact monolithic devices were trivial to align and operate and provided widely tunable, nearly diffraction-limited, stable output pulses. Low thresholds and high conversion efficiencies were obtained when the devices were pumped with 3.5-ns 1.064-mu m pulses. In addition, the monolithic OPO devices exhibited broad tuning by crystal rotation through noncollinear phase matching. The bandwidth-broadening effects exhibited in the noncollinear phase-matching geometry were measured and explained. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Missey, MJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 10 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 17 BP 1227 EP 1229 DI 10.1364/OL.24.001227 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 231XZ UT WOS:000082337800015 PM 18073992 ER PT J AU Dooley, PK AF Dooley, PK TI Ethical exegesis in Howell's The 'Rise of Silas Lapham' SO PAPERS ON LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dooley, PK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV PI EDWARDSVILLE PA BOX 43-A, EDWARDSVILLE, IL 62026-1434 USA SN 0031-1294 J9 PAP LANG LIT JI Pap. Lang. Lit. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 35 IS 4 BP 363 EP 390 PG 28 WC Literary Theory & Criticism; Language & Linguistics; Literature SC Literature; Linguistics GA 260YM UT WOS:000083981100002 ER PT J AU Harville, DL AF Harville, DL TI Performance-based instruction: Linking training to business results. SO PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Harville, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY INC PI BOWLING GREEN PA 745 HASKINS ROAD, SUITE A, BOWLING GREEN, OH 43402 USA SN 0031-5826 J9 PERS PSYCHOL JI Pers. Psychol. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 52 IS 3 BP 824 EP 827 PG 4 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 237GJ UT WOS:000082647000031 ER PT J AU Atsavapranee, P AF Atsavapranee, P TI Gallery of fluid motion - Abstracts SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID GRANULAR LAYERS; TRANSITION; PATTERNS; GASES C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. CSCS Manno, Manno, Switzerland. Univ Bristol, Sch Math, Bristol BS8 1TW, Avon, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 9EW, England. Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, IRPHE, Aix En Provence, France. CUNY City Coll, Levich Inst, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Atsavapranee, P (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 1999 VL 11 IS 9 BP S2 EP S14 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 224NW UT WOS:000081906000001 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, BJ Moser, SB McFadden, D AF Eberhardt, BJ Moser, SB McFadden, D TI Sexual harassment in small government units: An investigation of policies and attitudes SO PUBLIC PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB While there has been considerable investigation of sexual harassment in large firms and in the federal government, much less research has focused on smaller firms and government units. This study investigated small government units (city and county governments) regarding the application of sexual harassment policies. In addition, attitudes toward sexual harassment were also studied. Findings revealed that just over half of the sample had a policy in place and the existing policies did not consistently provide for any training. Attitudes toward harassment were somewhat contradictory showing feelings of responsibility for employee actions, while not completely believing sexual harassment claims. These findings and their ramifications are discussed. C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Management, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. USAF, Warrensburg, MO 64093 USA. RP Eberhardt, BJ (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Management, Box 8377, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1617 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0091-0260 J9 PUBLIC PERS MANAGE JI Public Personnel Manage. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 351 EP 364 PG 14 WC Industrial Relations & Labor; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 243MT UT WOS:000083002400003 ER PT J AU Dandekar, BS Bullett, TW AF Dandekar, BS Bullett, TW TI Morphology of polar cap patch activity SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-LAYER PATCHES; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; IONIZATION PATCHES; DYNAMICS; REGION; CONVECTION; SATELLITE; DENSITY; WINTER AB For the period July 1, 1989, to June 30, 1990, for high solar activity, f(0)F(2) data were recorded by the Digital Ionospheric Sounding Systems from two Qaanaaq and Sondrestromfjord; ionospheric UHF scintillation data were recorded from Thule; and airglow images were recorded from Qaanaaq. These data were used to study the morphology of polar cap patches. For this study the polar cap patch activity has been defined as excess electron density above a baseline. The megahertz scale of f(0)F(2) for the strength of a patch matches well with the decibel scale of scintillation patches. On a daily basis the polar cap patch occurrence is very high (90%) for weak patches (greater than or equal to 3 MHz), and it decreases significantly (20%) for stronger patches (greater than or equal to 8 MHz). On a daily basis the occurrence of the number of patches per day shows a similar behavior, with as many as 10 weak (greater than or equal to 3 MHz) patches and as few as two strong (Ls greater than or equal to 8 MHz) patches. On the average, patches are seen 50% of the time, whereas strong patches are seen only 5% of the time. Polar cap patches show a strong seasonal dependence, with the highest occurrence in the winter months. Average patch duration is about 55 min at the polar latitudes of Thule and Qaanaaq. The time interval between the patches is about 100 min. The patch occurrence and strength both show a diurnal behavior, with the highest occurrence around 2200-0200 UT and a minimum around 0600-1100 UT. These observations are consistent with the suggestion that the source for patches is a tongue of ionization formed by plasma convection carrying auroral/subauroral plasma into the nightside polar region. The observations support the mechanism of a chopping of a tongue of ionization for a formation of a patch close to auroral latitude, and the patch drifts across the polar cap. The patch activity seems to be weakly dependent on magnetic activity index Kp. The present study shows that the patch occurrence is 27% for B-y positive and 73% for B-y negative, and 32% for B-z positive and 68% B-z negative, supporting the present understanding that the polar cap patches predominantly occur with the southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Dandekar, BS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1205 DI 10.1029/1999RS900056 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 239PL UT WOS:000082778600013 ER PT J AU Vladimer, JA Jastrzebski, P Lee, MC Doherty, PH Decker, DT Anderson, DN AF Vladimer, JA Jastrzebski, P Lee, MC Doherty, PH Decker, DT Anderson, DN TI Longitude structure of ionospheric total electron content at low latitudes measured by the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL PLASMA DRIFTS; F-REGION; EQUATORIAL AB The longitude structure of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) at low latitudes has been evaluated using the NASA/Centre Nationale d'Etudes Spatiales TOPEX/Poseidon satellite. The TEC data set is given by the ionospheric range correction, which is computed from TOPEX dual-frequency altimeter measurements. The satellite's orbit allows analysis of vertically measured TEC values at approximately 30 degrees intervals of longitude across the world at local time differences of only 6-12 min. Patterns of longitudinal dependence of the equatorial anomaly were observed during the equinoxes, summers, and winters of 1993, 1994, and 1995. TOPEX observations reveal occurrence of relative maximum anomaly TEC values in the Indian/Asian longitude sector. This dominance in TEC is seen most consistently in the Asian Southern Hemisphere. Also, a relative decrease in anomaly TEC values is evident in the western American region, which is observed primarily during equinox and winter. This configuration of the equatorial anomaly TEC is observed on a day-to-day basis at particular periods of local time. Global theoretical ionospheric model results are presented in an attempt to reproduce the distinctive longitude structure. Variability in E x B vertical drift velocity within specific longitude sectors is shown to be a primary factor in the longitude dependence of equatorial anomaly TEC. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Vladimer, JA (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 8 St Marys St, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1239 EP 1260 DI 10.1029/1999RS900060 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 239PL UT WOS:000082778600017 ER PT J AU Lunt, N Kersley, L Bishop, GJ Mazzella, AJ Bailey, GJ AF Lunt, N Kersley, L Bishop, GJ Mazzella, AJ Bailey, GJ TI The effect of the protonosphere on the estimation of GPS total electron content: Validation using model simulations SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; IONOSPHERE; SYSTEM AB Simulated observations of total electron content (TEC) along ray paths from Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites have been used to validate the estimation of TEC using GPS measurements. The Sheffield University plasmasphere ionosphere model (SUPIM) has been used to create electron densities that were integrated along ray paths from actual configurations of the GPS constellation. The resultant slant electron contents were then used as inputs to validate the self-calibration of pseudo-range errors (SCORE) process for the determination of TEC from GPS observations. It is shown that if the plasma resides only in the ionosphere below 1100 km then the SCORE procedure determines the TEC to a high degree of accuracy. When the contribution of the electrons in the protonosphere above 1100 km is included, the analysis results in TEC estimates that are high by some 2 TEC units (TECU) for conditions appropriate to European midlatitudes at solar minimum. However, if a restriction is placed in the analysis on use of observations equatorward of the station, then allowance can be made for the effect of the protonosphere. It is shown that with appropriate selection of the boundary for the observations, TEC can be estimated by SCORE to better than 1 TECU for the conditions of the simulation. Sample results are included from actual experimental observations using GPS to demonstrate the effect of compensation for the protonospheric plasma. C1 Univ Wales, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Appl Math, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98809 USA. RP Lunt, N (reprint author), Univ Wales, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1271 DI 10.1029/1999RS900043 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 239PL UT WOS:000082778600018 ER PT J AU Lunt, N Kersley, L Bishop, GJ Mazzella, AJ AF Lunt, N Kersley, L Bishop, GJ Mazzella, AJ TI The contribution of the protonosphere to GPS total electron content: Experimental measurements SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites have orbital altitudes of about 20,200 km, while satellites in the Navy Ionospheric Monitoring System (NIMS) constellation are in circular orbits at heights of about 1100 km. Independent measurements of the electron content in the ionized atmosphere can be made using the radio signals from both satellite constellations. Differences between the two estimates can be related to the electron content on the GPS ray paths above 1100 km, through the tenuous plasma of the protonosphere. Results are reported from some 21 months of simultaneous observations of both GPS and NIMS transmissions at a European midlatitude station at solar minimum. It is shown that the average differences between the electron contents measured by the two systems are in broad agreement with the predictions from an earlier modeling study of the effects of the protonosphere on GPS total electron content. The expected influence of ray path / flux tube geometry and the rapid depletion and slow refilling of the protonosphere in response to geomagnetic storm activity can be seen in the averaged measurements. C1 Univ Wales, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98809 USA. RP Lunt, N (reprint author), Univ Wales, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales. NR 8 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1273 EP 1280 DI 10.1029/1999RS900016 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 239PL UT WOS:000082778600019 ER PT J AU Lunt, N Kersley, L Bishop, GJ Mazzella, AJ Bailey, GJ AF Lunt, N Kersley, L Bishop, GJ Mazzella, AJ Bailey, GJ TI The protonospheric contribution to GPS total electron content: Two-station measurements SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Results are presented from an experiment to estimate the contribution of plasma on ray paths through the protonosphere to measurements of total electron content (TEC) using Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. Simulations using the Sheffield University plasmasphere ionosphere model show that observations of GPS satellites made at two stations separated by a few degrees of latitude could involve a common ionospheric volume but very different intersection geometries of the ray paths with protonospheric flux tubes. Experimental results demonstrate that, on average, higher equivalent Vertical TECs are measured on ray paths to the south than those to the north of the European midlatitude stations considered here. The observations are discussed in terms of the known asymmetries of the protonospheric flux tubes: and caution is advised in the use of thin-shell ionospheric models for precise determination of TEC or correction for its effects on GPS systems. C1 Univ Wales, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98809 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Appl Math, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. RP Lunt, N (reprint author), Univ Wales, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1281 EP 1285 DI 10.1029/1999RS900035 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 239PL UT WOS:000082778600020 ER PT J AU Schmidt, DL Davidson, KE Theibert, LS AF Schmidt, DL Davidson, KE Theibert, LS TI Unique applications of carbon-carbon composite materials (part three) SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIBER AB Carbon/carbon composites (CCC) are a unique class of high performance materials. Since their inception, about 1960, over 100 different types of CCCs have been created with properties previously not available. Novel materials were designed, fabricated tested upgraded, and used in selected prototype applications. Componentry benefits were demonstrated and later the materials were used in operational systems. This review focuses on the applied uses of CCC materials in the fields of friction, aerospace, propulsion, power generation, thermal management, industry, and medicine. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Schmidt, DL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 35 IS 5 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 234PQ UT WOS:000082493600010 ER PT J AU Dupuis, RD Grudowski, PA Eiting, CJ Park, J AF Dupuis, RD Grudowski, PA Eiting, CJ Park, J TI Growth of III-N materials and devices by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition SO SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article ID LASER-DIODES; LATERAL EPITAXY; GAN; SUBSTRATE; OPERATION; LAYERS AB The characteristics of III-V nitride semiconductor epitaxial layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are of interest for the realization of many technologically important devices. This paper will review heteroepitaxial growth on (0001) sapphire substrates as well as the selective-area and subsequent lateral epitaxial overgrowth on masked substrate surfaces. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1063-7826(99)00809-1]. C1 Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr PRC MER 1606DR9900, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dupuis, RD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr PRC MER 1606DR9900, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1063-7826 J9 SEMICONDUCTORS+ JI Semiconductors PD SEP PY 1999 VL 33 IS 9 BP 965 EP 969 DI 10.1134/1.1187813 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 235ZW UT WOS:000082574600008 ER PT J AU Kumar, B Scanlon, LG AF Kumar, B Scanlon, LG TI Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes: conductivity and thermal history effects SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE composite electrolytes; conductivity; relaxation; lithium batteries; glass transition AB This paper reports the conductivity and DSC measurements of composite electrolytes containing the PEO:LiBF4 complex, and TiO2 and ZrO2 nanosized particles. Below the melting temperature of PEG, conductivity is strongly dependent upon thermal history. The roles of the ceramic phase are to depress the melting temperature and retard the kinetics of crystallization of PEG. This results in a conductivity relaxation below the melting temperature of PEO which appears to be a characteristic of these composite electrolytes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kumar, B (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk,KL 501, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 14 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 124 IS 3-4 BP 239 EP 254 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(99)00148-4 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 238ZK UT WOS:000082744500004 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA O'Neill, JP Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA O'Neill, JP Zabinski, JS TI Nanocomposite tribological coatings for aerospace applications SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering (PSE 98) CY SEP 14-18, 1998 CL GARMISCH PARTENKI, GERMANY SP European Joint Comm Plasma & Ion Surface Engn DE aerospace tribology; carbide; diamond-like carbon; dichalcogenide; nanocomposite coating ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; SOLID LUBRICANT FILMS; SPUTTERED MOS2 FILMS; MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; MULTILAYER COATINGS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; WEAR BEHAVIOR; HARD COATINGS; SLIDING WEAR AB Challenges in aerospace tribology and composite coatings for aerospace applications are briefly reviewed. Attention is given to nanocomposite coatings made of carbide, diamond-like carbon (DLC) and transition-metal dichalcogenide phases. The preparation of such coatings within the W-C-S material system using a hybrid of magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition is described. Coatings consist of 1-2 nm WC and 5-10 nm WS2 grains embedded in an amorphous DLC matrix. These WC/DLC/WS2 nanocomposites demonstrate low friction and wear in tests performed in high vacuum, dry nitrogen and humid air. Coatings are found to adapt to the test conditions, which results in: (I) crystallization and reorientation of initially nanocrystalline and randomly oriented WSI grains, (2) graphitization of the initially amorphous DLC matrix; (3) reversible regulation of the composition of the transfer film between WS2 and graphite with environmental cycling from dry to humid; and (4) possible DLC/WS2 synergistic effects, providing friction reduction in oxidizing environments. These adaptive mechanisms achieve low friction coefficients of 0.02-0.05 and an endurance above two million cycles in space simulation tests. This also provides stable coating performance and recovery of low friction in tests simulating ambient/space environmental cycling. Correlations among WC/DLC/WS2 chemistry, structure, hardness, friction and wear are discussed. The tremendous potential of such composites for aerospace tribology is demonstrated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrey.voevodin@afrl.af.mill RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 74 TC 174 Z9 187 U1 10 U2 117 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 116 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00228-5 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 259VG UT WOS:000083914200006 ER PT J AU Letourneau, EJ Lewis, TC AF Letourneau, EJ Lewis, TC TI The portrayal of child sexual assault in introductory psychology textbooks SO TEACHING OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL SURVEY; ABUSE; MEMORIES; PREVALENCE; RECALL; WOMEN AB In this article, eve assess the presentation qi child sexual assault (CSA) in introductory psychology textbooks. We reviewed 24 recently published textbooks and found that 20 (83%) presented information on some aspect of CSA. All 20 texts included discussion of false and repressed memory issues. Our objective was to determine the manner in which textbooks covered this controversial area as well as the extent to which textbooks covered CSA issues unrelated to the memory debate, such as prevalence rates and psychological sequelae of CSA. We found that a substantial portion of authors (75%) made unsupported claims or overgeneralizations when discussing memory issues and less than half of the authors (45%) included information on other areas of CSA. C1 USAF, Dept Correct, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Beckwith Mental Hlth Ctr, Greenwood, SC USA. RP Letourneau, EJ (reprint author), Naval Consolidated Brig, 1050 Remount Rd,Bldg 3107, Charleston, SC 29406 USA. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0098-6283 J9 TEACH PSYCHOL JI Teach. Psychol. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 26 IS 4 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1207/S15328023TOP260402 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA 253NY UT WOS:000083563700004 ER PT J AU Pochop, PA Cummings, JL Wedemeyre, KL Engeman, RM Davis, JE AF Pochop, PA Cummings, JL Wedemeyre, KL Engeman, RM Davis, JE TI Vegetation preferences of captive Canada geese at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE airport; bird hazard; Branta canadensis; Canada geese; cover management; forage AB Bird-aircraft strikes represent a serious safety and economic problem in the United States. Canada geese (Branta canadensis) are frequently attracted to airfields because of the availability of preferred forage and large open areas. At Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, we determined preferences of captive, wild-caught, lesser Canada geese (B. c. parvipes) for alternative vegetation types not normally planted at this airfield. We compared Canada goose preferences for Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), bluejoint reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis), beach wildrye (Elymus mollis), Baring hairgrass (Deschampsia beringensis), lupine (Lupinus nootkatensis), and flightline turf (a mix of smooth brome [Bromus sp.], dock [Rumex acerosella], and red fescue [Festuca rubra]). Geese preferred flightline turf over Kentucky bluegrass. Bering hairgrass was marginally less preferred than Kentucky bluegrass. Kentucky bluegrass was preferred over lupine, bluejoint reedgrass, and beach wildrye. We discuss vegetation management as an alternative goose control technique. Further evaluation of the least preferred vegetation types should be conducted in large flight pen and field plot studies. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. US Dept Def, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. RP Pochop, PA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 27 IS 3 BP 734 EP 740 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 264GZ UT WOS:000084173500028 ER PT J AU Gaitonde, DV Shang, JS Young, JL AF Gaitonde, DV Shang, JS Young, JL TI Practical aspects of higher-order numerical schemes for wave propagation phenomena SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wave propagation; high-order; compact differencing; filtering ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEMS; COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS; HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; APPROXIMATIONS; STABILITY AB This paper examines practical issues related to the use of compact-difference-based fourth- and sixth-order schemes for wave propagation phenomena with focus on Maxwell's equations of electromagnetics. An outline of the formulation and scheme optimization is followed by an assessment of the error accruing from application on stretched meshes with two approaches: transformed plane method and physical space differencing. In the first technique, the truncation error expansion for the sixth-order compact scheme confirms that the order of accuracy is preserved if a consistent mesh refinement strategy is followed and further that metrics should be evaluated numerically even if analytic expressions are available. Physical space-differencing formulas are derived for the five-point stencil by expressing the coefficients in terms of local spacing ratios. The order of accuracy of the reconstruction operator is then verified with a numerical experiment on stretched meshes. To ensure stability for a broad range of problems, Fourier analysis is employed to develop a single-parameter family of up to tenth-order tridiagonal-based spatial filters. The implementation of these filters is discussed in terms of their effect on the interior scheme as well as in a 1-D cavity where they are employed to suppress a late-time instability. The paper concludes after demonstrating the application of the scheme to several 3-D canonical problems utilizing Cartesian as well as curvilinear meshes. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the United States. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Elect Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Gaitonde, DV (reprint author), AFRL VAAC, 2645 5th St,Suite 7, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Young, Jeffrey/B-1591-2017 OI Young, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6647-4303 NR 32 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD AUG 30 PY 1999 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1849 EP 1869 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19990830)45:12<1849::AID-NME657>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 220XB UT WOS:000081692700007 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Singh, A Cardimona, DA AF Huang, DH Singh, A Cardimona, DA TI Effects of structural disorders on sequential tunneling in multiple quantum wells SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE sequential tunneling; multiple quantum wells; disorder-assisted; disorder-impeded; transmission coefficient; tunneling current ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; LOCALIZED STATES; GAAS/ALGAAS/GAAS HETEROSTRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES; INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; BARRIERS; DETECTORS; DEFECTS AB Based on an isotropic random distribution model, the effects of structural disorders embedded in the barriers on the sequential electron tunneling in multiple quantum wells were studied at low temperatures. By using a sequential tunneling model [Stievenard et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 61 (1992) 1582], the transmission coefficient through a single barrier was calculated using a finite-difference method and averaged over random configurations of disorders. To compute the tunneling current, a self-consistent calculation for the electronic states was performed, including the Hartree and exchange interactions and non-parabolic energy dispersion. Both disorder-assisted and disorder-impeded electron tunneling phenomena were found as a function of the activation energy. The effects of electric field, barrier width, and temperature were also studied. The predicted resonant disorder-assisted electron tunneling should be large enough to be observable at low temperatures in an experiment. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD AUG 30 PY 1999 VL 259 IS 6 BP 488 EP 498 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(99)00473-9 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 233VY UT WOS:000082448900012 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Garscadden, A Haaland, PD AF Jiao, CQ Garscadden, A Haaland, PD TI Partial ionization cross-sections of C2F6 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION AB The dissociative ionization of perfluoroethane, C2F6, by electron impact has been measured under single-collision conditions using Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The total ionization cross-section rises to a maximum value of 8.9 +/- 1.3 x 10(-16) cm(2) at 70 eV. CF3+ is the most prominent ion fragment at all energies, followed by C2F5+, CF+, and CF2+. C(2)F(6)(+)f is not observed. The ratio of dissociative ionization to total dissociation increases from 27 +/- 5% at 22 eV to 89 +/- 11% at 70 eV. The total cross-section and the partitioning among the dissociative channels is examined in the context of the binary encounter Bethe (BEB) molecular orbital model. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haaland, PD (reprint author), Mobium Enterprises, 518 W Linden St, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 27 PY 1999 VL 310 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00782-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 232QA UT WOS:000082380400009 ER PT J AU Manke, GC Henshaw, TL Madden, TJ Hager, GD AF Manke, GC Henshaw, TL Madden, TJ Hager, GD TI Temperature dependence of the Cl+HN3 reaction from 300 to 480 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE-ATOM CONCENTRATIONS; PRODUCT BRANCHING FRACTION; RATE CONSTANTS; CHEMICAL-LASER; KINETICS; HN3; CL; NCL(A(1)DELTA); BROMIDE; IODINE AB The rate constant for Cl + HN3 over the temperature range 300-480 K has been studied in a flow reactor. Based on the rate of loss of HN3 and the rate of NCl(a(1)Delta) generation, the temperature dependence of this reaction is described by the collision theory expression 1.2 +/- 0.3 X 10(-11) T-0.5 exp(-1514 +/- 93/T), with E-0 = 3.0 +/- 0.2 kcal mol(-1) or an Arrhenius fit k(T) = 2.0 +/- 1.0 X 10(-10) exp(-1452 +/- 150/T) with E-a = 2.9 +/- 0.2 kcal mol(-1). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELC, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 27 PY 1999 VL 310 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00726-5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 232QA UT WOS:000082380400017 ER PT J AU Wang, MY Paegle, J DeSordi, SP AF Wang, MY Paegle, J DeSordi, SP TI Global variable resolution simulations of Mississippi River basin rains of summer 1993 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LIMITED-AREA; VERTICAL MOTION; MODEL; FORMULATION; DYNAMICS; PROJECT AB A variable resolution global model is used to simulate a 13 day period of heavy rainfall during the 1993 Mississippi River basin floods. The model allows interaction between the atmosphere of the inner, fine resolution region that covers most of the United States and the outer global domain. We describe the impact of flow generated by latent heating over the central United States and its interaction with the global atmosphere. For this case, global constraints on the divergent flow impose substantial modifications upon the rainfall evolution within the central region. The most accurate simulations of rainfall occur when both local divergence and local thermal modifications interact with their global counterparts. The moisture budget is strongly influenced by the imposition of both divergence and thermal fields, and the temporal and spatial distribution of horizontal moisture flux and rainfall change substantially with the degree of outer state prespecification. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. USAF Lab, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM jpaegle@atmos.met.utah.edu RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D16 BP 19399 EP 19414 DI 10.1029/1999JD900240 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 230CY UT WOS:000082235300029 ER PT J AU Utermoehlen, CM AF Utermoehlen, CM TI Kudos to contributors SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Utermoehlen, CM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD AUG 23 PY 1999 VL 77 IS 34 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 230UD UT WOS:000082268000006 ER PT J AU Baur, JW Alexander, MD Reinhardt, BA Vaia, RA Kirkpatrick, SM Kannan, R AF Baur, JW Alexander, MD Reinhardt, BA Vaia, RA Kirkpatrick, SM Kannan, R TI Structure-property relationships of two-proton absorbing heterocyclic aromatic dyes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SAIC, Dayton, OH USA. Systran Corp, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 34-COMP BP U488 EP U489 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901480 ER PT J AU Belfield, KD Schafer, KJ Reinhardt, BA Hagan, DJ Van Stryland, EW Negres, R AF Belfield, KD Schafer, KJ Reinhardt, BA Hagan, DJ Van Stryland, EW Negres, R TI Novel near-IR two-photon-absorbing chromophores. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Chem, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, Res Lab, WL MLBP Mat Directorate, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Belfield, Kevin/D-4765-2009; Hagan, David/H-2204-2011 OI Belfield, Kevin/0000-0002-7339-2813; Hagan, David/0000-0003-2713-1767 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 274-ORGN BP U93 EP U93 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034000275 ER PT J AU Das, GP AF Das, GP TI Ab initio model for solvent effects in organic molecules. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 153-COMP BP U520 EP U521 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901588 ER PT J AU Day, PN Pachter, R Gordon, MS Merrill, GN AF Day, PN Pachter, R Gordon, MS Merrill, GN TI Location of the most stable configurations of water clusters using Monte Carlo simulated annealing and the effective fragment potential. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Laser Hardened Mat Branch, AFRL,MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45424 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 425-PHYS BP U393 EP U393 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001142 ER PT J AU Duan, X Dudis, DS AF Duan, X Dudis, DS TI Theoretical investigation of electronic structures ano optical band gaps for 1,2-phenylamino squaraine polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARFL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 166-COMP BP U524 EP U524 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901600 ER PT J AU Dudis, DS Yeates, AT AF Dudis, DS Yeates, AT TI Polymer ionization energies and electron affinities: Polyacetylene. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Polymer Branch,AFRL,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 9-COMP BP U482 EP U482 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901459 ER PT J AU Ferreira, AM Kurtz, HA Karna, SP AF Ferreira, AM Kurtz, HA Karna, SP TI Theoretical study of the microscopic structure and nonlinear optical properties of radiation-induced defects in a-SiO2. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Elect & Protect Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 58-COMP BP U494 EP U494 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901502 ER PT J AU Gopalan, P Pragliola, S Ober, C Mather, P Jeon, H AF Gopalan, P Pragliola, S Ober, C Mather, P Jeon, H TI Mesogen-jacketed liquid-crystalline polymers via stable free-radical polymerization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 356-POLY BP U499 EP U500 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001497 ER PT J AU Karna, SP AF Karna, SP TI Electrical and optical properties of paramagnetic systems: A time-dependent unrestricted Hartree-Fock study. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehivles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 171-COMP BP U525 EP U525 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901605 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Pachter, R AF Nguyen, KA Pachter, R TI Photo-induced hydrogen atom transfer in free-base porphyrin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 222-PHYS BP U336 EP U337 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034000947 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Pachter, R AF Nguyen, KA Pachter, R TI Free-base porphyrin and its meso-tetrahalogenated derivatives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 482-ORGN BP U162 EP U162 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034000483 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R AF Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R TI Electronic structure calculations of materials for optical limiting applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 169-COMP BP U525 EP U525 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901603 ER PT J AU Okumura, M Spotts, JM Wong, CK Boatz, JA Sheehy, JA Langhoff, PW Hinde, RJ AF Okumura, M Spotts, JM Wong, CK Boatz, JA Sheehy, JA Langhoff, PW Hinde, RJ TI Electronic state mixing in AlAr(n) clusters. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CALTECH, Dept Chem, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 194-PHYS BP U329 EP U329 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034000919 ER PT J AU Prasad, PN Schally, A Liebow, C Nagy, AA Pudavar, H Wang, X Krebs, LJ Sviatkewicz, J Reinhardt, BA Chong, C Kim, KS Lin, TC AF Prasad, PN Schally, A Liebow, C Nagy, AA Pudavar, H Wang, X Krebs, LJ Sviatkewicz, J Reinhardt, BA Chong, C Kim, KS Lin, TC TI From fundamentals of two-photon processes to cellular mechanism of chemotherapy, to 3-D memory. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Buffalo, Photon Res Lab, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Tulane Univ, VA Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 33-COMP BP U488 EP U488 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901479 ER PT J AU Pugh, RD AF Pugh, RD TI Atomic-scale modeling of electroactive materials: Investigation of contemporary and next-generation devices. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 5-COMP BP U481 EP U481 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901457 ER PT J AU Rogers, DE AF Rogers, DE TI Interagency perchlorate steering committee: Real progress through active partnering. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Little Rock AFB, Little Rock AFB, AR 72099 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 2-ENVR BP U544 EP U544 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901644 ER PT J AU Schulte, MD Clarson, SJ Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ AF Schulte, MD Clarson, SJ Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ TI Fluorinated polymer dispersed liquid crystals: Electro-optical and morphological properties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. AFRL, MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 649-POLY BP U582 EP U582 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001787 ER PT J AU Tsui, DT Clewell, RA AF Tsui, DT Clewell, RA TI Analysis of trace-level perchlorate in drinking water and ground water by electrospray mass spectrometry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Labs, Human Effectiveness Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 15-ENVR BP U548 EP U548 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901657 ER PT J AU Vanheusden, K Devine, RAB Fleetwood, DM Warren, WL AF Vanheusden, K Devine, RAB Fleetwood, DM Warren, WL TI Nonvolatile memory application using mobile protons in the gate oxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. France Telecom, Ctr Natl Etud Telecommun, F-38243 Meylan, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 18-COMP BP U484 EP U484 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901465 ER PT J AU Dodd, JA Lockwood, RB Hwang, ES Miller, SM Lipson, SJ AF Dodd, JA Lockwood, RB Hwang, ES Miller, SM Lipson, SJ TI Vibrational relaxation of NO(upsilon=1) by oxygen atoms SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; UNIMOLECULAR PROCESSES; STIMULATED-EMISSION; CROSS-SECTIONS; NO; PHOTODISSOCIATION; STATE; DISTRIBUTIONS; THERMOSPHERE AB The rate constant k(O)(upsilon= 1) for NO(upsilon= 1) vibrational relaxation by O has been measured at room temperature using a laser photolysis-laser probe technique. Vibrationally excited NO and relaxer O atoms were formed using 355 nm laser photolysis of a dilute mixture of NO2 in argon bath gas. The time evolution of both the NO(upsilon= 1) and the O atoms was monitored using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The required absolute O-atom densities were obtained through a comparison of O-atom LIF signals from the photolysis source and from a titrated cw microwave source. At early times the O atoms constitute the most important loss mechanism for the nascently produced NO(upsilon= 1). Possible effects from NO(upsilon= 1) vibrational ladder-climbing and from thermal expansion have been shown to be minimal. The rate constant k(O)(upsilon= 1) = (2.4 +/- 0.5) X 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) determined herein is a factor of 2 to 3 lower than the generally accepted value of k(O)(upsilon= 1) used in thermospheric modeling. The present value for k(O)(upsilon= 1) is the same, within the error bars, as the k(O)(upsilon= 2,3) previously measured in this laboratory using an entirely different technique, resonant infrared laser excitation of NO(upsilon= 0). This result suggests that the collisional relaxation rates are independent of upsilon. A recent quasiclassical trajectory calculation, in which both allowed NO-O surfaces have been explicitly considered, predicts a collisional relaxation rate which is in good agreement with the present result. The k(O)(upsilon= 1) value, along with previously measured rate constants for NO-O high-pressure recombination (k(rec)(infinity)) and isotope exchange (k(iso)), can serve as a proxy for the rate coefficient k(C) describing the formation of a long-lived NO2* intermediate from O+NO collisions. The present value for k(O)(upsilon= 1) is significantly lower, however, than a recent determination of k(rec)(infinity) and also the value of k(C) derived from k(iso). In the latter case the comparison is not as straightforward. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)00731-X]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBM, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Stewart Radiance Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Dodd, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBM, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 8 BP 3498 EP 3507 DI 10.1063/1.479671 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 224ZF UT WOS:000081929300023 ER PT J AU Miller, SM Snell, HE Moncet, JL AF Miller, SM Snell, HE Moncet, JL TI Simultaneous retrieval of middle atmospheric temperature and trace gas species volume mixing ratios from Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS 1A) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE EXCITATION; RESEARCH SATELLITE; N2O; CH4; EMISSION; MODEL; UARS AB We have developed an atmospheric temperature and constituent retrieval code using an efficient derivative of Fast Atmospheric Signature Code 3 coupled with the optimal estimation inversion method. This code provides arbitrary spectral resolution and instrument response function and was thoroughly tested with model generated "data" and then applied to the stratospheric Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS 1A) database. The CIRRIS 1A experiment flew aboard space shuttle mission Space Transportation System 39 in April 1991. It included a 1 cm(-1) resolution midinfrared interferometer that made numerous scans of the earthlimb. A small subset of these included a survey of the stratosphere during the day at 50 degrees-65 degrees N latitude and during the night at 35 degrees-50 degrees S latitude. The retrieval code provides us with the error analysis tools necessary to determine the relative contributions of the measurements and any a priori information made available to the cede. Temperature and constituent profiles are reported along with comparisons to other recent atmospheric measurements. The absence of sufficient information to retrieve certain species is also discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Miller, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM miller@plh.af.mil; snell@aer.com; moncet@aer.com NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D15 BP 18697 EP 18714 DI 10.1029/1999JD900184 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 228GJ UT WOS:000082128500016 ER PT J AU Zhang, XD Wiezorek, JMK Baeslack, WA Evans, DJ Fraser, HL AF Zhang, XD Wiezorek, JMK Baeslack, WA Evans, DJ Fraser, HL TI On the stability of omega phase in Ti-6-22-22S and Ti-6-4 alloys SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATION C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, XD (reprint author), Reynolds Met Co, Corp Res & Dev, Chester, VA 23836 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 41 IS 6 BP 659 EP 665 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00111-6 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 230TE UT WOS:000082265800014 ER PT J AU Longnecker, MP Michalek, JE AF Longnecker, MP Michalek, JE TI Weight history, glucose intolerance, and insulin levels in middle-aged Swedish men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID VETERANS C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 4 BP 430 EP 431 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 225NL UT WOS:000081967600017 PM 10453822 ER PT J AU Meadows, AB AF Meadows, AB TI Integrating pharmacy technicians into the health care team SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Meadows, AB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 56 IS 16 BP 1602 EP 1604 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 230KR UT WOS:000082250800005 PM 10459379 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Morris, RA Miller, AES AF Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Morris, RA Miller, AES TI GAUSSIAN-2 calculations of the electron affinities of PCln and POCln SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 7 BP 3309 EP 3310 DI 10.1063/1.479657 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 222GB UT WOS:000081774700055 ER PT J AU Rodgers, BC Russell, TH Rob, WB AF Rodgers, BC Russell, TH Rob, WB TI Laser beam combining and cleanup by stimulated Brillouin scattering in a multimode optical fiber SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A new technique for combining low-power laser beams has been demonstrated by use of semiconductor diode lasers. The technique, which is appropriate for any single-longitudinal-mode laser, is based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in long multimode optical fibers. It produces a clean Gaussian-like beam that corresponds to the fundamental fiber mode, irrespective of the profile of the pump. Coherent as well as incoherent combining was demonstrated, and conversion slope efficiencies as high as 67% and 83% were shown to be achievable for the single-pass and ring-cavity SBS geometries, respectively. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rodgers, BC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 16 BP 1124 EP 1126 DI 10.1364/OL.24.001124 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 227JB UT WOS:000082076400014 PM 18073960 ER PT J AU Shang, JS AF Shang, JS TI High-order compact-difference schemes for time-dependent Maxwell equations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEMS; APPROXIMATIONS; STABILITY; LAYER AB Two high-order compact-difference schemes have been developed for solving three-dimensional, time-dependent Maxwell equations. Spurious high-frequency oscillatory components of the numerical solution, which are considered to be among the principal sources of time instability, are effectively suppressed by a spatial filter. The present numerical schemes are validated by calculations of three-dimensional transient electromagnetic waves within a waveguide, an oscillating electric dipole, and the radar cross section of perfectly electrical conducting sphere. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shang, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 1999 VL 153 IS 2 BP 312 EP 333 DI 10.1006/jcph.1999.6279 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 224NA UT WOS:000081904100003 ER PT J AU Look, DC Reynolds, DC Hemsky, JW Jones, RL Sizelove, JR AF Look, DC Reynolds, DC Hemsky, JW Jones, RL Sizelove, JR TI Production and annealing of electron irradiation damage in ZnO SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB High-energy (> 1.6 MeV) electrons create acceptors and donors in single-crystal ZnO. Greater damage is observed for irradiation in the [0001] direction (Zn face) than in the [000 (1) over bar] direction (O face). The major annealing stage occurs at about 300-325 degrees C, and is much sharper for defects produced by Zn-face irradiation, than for those resulting from O-face irradiation. The defects appear to have a chain character, rather than being simple, near-neighbor vacancy/interstitial Frenkel pairs. These experiments suggest that ZnO is significantly more "radiation hard" than Si, GaAs, or GaN, and should be useful for applications in high-irradiation environments, such as electronics in space satellites. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)04232-1]. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 13 TC 256 Z9 270 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 6 BP 811 EP 813 DI 10.1063/1.124521 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 222FJ UT WOS:000081772600023 ER PT J AU Ferman, M Wolfe, H AF Ferman, M Wolfe, H TI Scaling concepts in random acoustic fatigue testing SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Letter C1 St Louis Univ, Parks Coll, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, St Louis, MO 63156 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ferman, M (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Parks Coll, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 3450 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63156 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD AUG 5 PY 1999 VL 225 IS 1 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1006/jsvi.1999.2213 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 221QK UT WOS:000081737600011 ER PT J AU Manasreh, MO Baranowski, JM Pakula, K Jiang, HX Lin, JY AF Manasreh, MO Baranowski, JM Pakula, K Jiang, HX Lin, JY TI Localized vibrational modes of carbon-hydrogen complexes in GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATION; ACCEPTOR AB Localized vibrational modes of carbon-hydrogen complexes in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown GaN on sapphire were studied using a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy technique. Three distinctive localized vibrational modes were observed around 2850, 2922, and 2959 cm(-1) for undoped, Si-, and Mg-doped samples. These peaks are related to CH, CH2, and CH3 defect complexes, respectively. However, the localized vibrational modes were not observed in some undoped samples, which is indicative of high quality grown epitaxial layers. It is also observed that the frequencies and intensities of the localized vibrational modes are sample dependent. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)00831-1]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Manasreh, MO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Lin, Jingyu/A-7276-2011; Jiang, Hongxing/F-3635-2011 OI Lin, Jingyu/0000-0003-1705-2635; Jiang, Hongxing/0000-0001-9892-4292 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 2 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 5 BP 659 EP 661 DI 10.1063/1.124473 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 220BF UT WOS:000081644100022 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR Stanek, MJ AF Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR Stanek, MJ TI Numerical investigation of synthetic-jet flowfields SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 29th Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 15-18, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP AIAA ID DIFFERENCE AB The flowfields surrounding a synthetic-jet actuating device are investigated numerically by direct simulation. Solutions are obtained to the unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations for both the interior of the actuator cavity and for the external jet flowfield, The interior results are generated on an overset deforming zonal mesh system, whereas the jet flowfield is obtained by a high order compact difference scheme. Newton like subiterations are employed to achieve second-order temporal accuracy. Details of the computations are summarized, and the quality of the results is assessed via grid resolution and time-step size studies. Several aspects of the actuator con figuration are investigated, including cavity geometry and Reynolds number. Differences between two-dimensional and three dimensional external unsteady flowfields are elucidated, and comparison is made with experimental data in terms of the mean and fluctuating components of the jet velocity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Seromech Integrat Integrat & Demonstrat Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 37 IS 8 BP 919 EP 927 DI 10.2514/2.811 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 224LZ UT WOS:000081901700003 ER PT J AU Harman, JG Kim, A AF Harman, JG Kim, A TI Current trends in cervical ripening and labor induction SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID PROSTAGLANDIN E(2) GEL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; INTRAVAGINAL MISOPROSTOL; OXYTOCIN; TERM; RUPTURE AB Labor is induced in more than 13 percent of deliveries in the United States. Postdate pregnancy is the most common indication. Oxytocin is the drug of choice for labor induction when the cervical examination shows that the cervix is favorable. The use of this agent requires experience and vigilant observation for uterine hyperstimulation, hypertonus or maternal fluid overload. In a patient whose cervix is unfavorable, the use of prostaglandin analogs for cervical ripening markedly enhances the success of inductions. Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E-1 analog marketed as a gastrointestinal mucosal protective agent, is safe, efficacious and inexpensive for use in cervical ripening and labor induction. Further studies will better delineate its optimal use. Family physicians need to be familiar with the various methods of cervical ripening and labor induction. C1 USAF, MC, FS,SGOL, Family Practice Residency Program,Med Grp 96,MDOS, Eglin AFB, FL 32548 USA. RP Harman, JG (reprint author), USAF, MC, FS,SGOL, Family Practice Residency Program,Med Grp 96,MDOS, 307 Boatner Rd,Suite 11, Eglin AFB, FL 32548 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD AUG PY 1999 VL 60 IS 2 BP 477 EP 483 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 227GZ UT WOS:000082073900010 PM 10465223 ER PT J AU Botelho, PJ Blinder, KJ Shahinfar, S AF Botelho, PJ Blinder, KJ Shahinfar, S TI Familial occurrence of retinitis punctata albescens and congenital sensorineural deafness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB PURPOSE: To report the cotransmission of retinitis punctata albescens (RPA) and congenital sensorineural deafness. METHODS: Case reports of two siblings with nyctalopia and profound bilateral sensorineural deafness. RESULTS: The affected siblings, an 11-year-old female and a 7-year-old male, presented with decreased visual acuity and night blindness. In both eyes of both siblings, ophthalmoscopic evaluation disclosed numerous white spots at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium with macular sparing, The rod threshold dark adaptation and electroretinogram tracings were consistent with advanced rod-cone degeneration. CONCLUSION: Two affected members of: a family were found to exhibit RPA and congenital sensorineural deafness, This pedigree supports the genetic cotransmission of the traits. (C) 1999 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 375th Med Grp, Dept Ophthalmol, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. Barnes Retina Inst, St Louis, MO USA. Cent Ohio Eye Inst, Columbus, OH USA. RP Botelho, PJ (reprint author), 310 Losey St, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 128 IS 2 BP 246 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0002-9394(99)00060-4 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 224MV UT WOS:000081903600023 PM 10458190 ER PT J AU Klesges, RC Williamson, JE Somes, GW Talcott, GW Lando, HA Haddock, CK AF Klesges, RC Williamson, JE Somes, GW Talcott, GW Lando, HA Haddock, CK TI A population comparison of participants and nonparticipants in a health survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VERTEBRAL OSTEOPOROSIS; NONRESPONSE; RESPONDERS; QUALITY AB Objectives. This study examined: the characteristics of Air Force recruits willing to take part in a health survey vs those unwilling to participate. Methods. US Air force recruits undergoing basic military training (n = 32 144) were surveyed regarding demographic and health variables. Results Respondents indicating an unwillingness to participate in a health survey reported less healthy lifestyles than those willing to participate. Prediction equations modeling the characteristics of those engaging in 4 risky behaviors were nearly identical regardless of whether those refusing to participate were included. Conclusions, Results suggest that, despite some Tow estimates of health. behaviors duc to response bias, relationships between most risk factors are generally unaffected by those not responding to health surveys. C1 Univ Memphis, Prevent Ctr, Memphis, TN 38119 USA. Univ Tennessee, Memphis, TN USA. USAF, Surg Gen Off, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Klesges, RC (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Prevent Ctr, 5350 Poplar Ave,Suite 430, Memphis, TN 38119 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-53478] NR 9 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1999 VL 89 IS 8 BP 1228 EP 1231 DI 10.2105/AJPH.89.8.1228 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 220CL UT WOS:000081646900017 PM 10432911 ER PT J AU Dawson, DL DeMaioribus, CA Hagino, RT Light, JT Bradley, DV Britt, KE Charles, BE AF Dawson, DL DeMaioribus, CA Hagino, RT Light, JT Bradley, DV Britt, KE Charles, BE TI The effect of withdrawal of drugs treating intermittent claudication SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Clinical-Vascular-Surgery CY MAR 24-28, 1999 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA SP Soc Clin Vasc Surg ID DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; ARTERIAL-DISEASE; PENTOXIFYLLINE; CILOSTAZOL; METAANALYSIS; MULTICENTER; MANAGEMENT; PLACEBO AB BACKGROUND: Pharmacologic treatment for intermittent claudication is a management option. This study evaluated the effect of withdrawal of drug therapies, cilostazol and pentoxifylline, on the walking ability of peripheral artery disease patients. METHODS: Single-blind placebo crossover from a randomized, double-blind trial; 45 claudication patients received either cilostazol 100 mg orally twice daily (n = 16), pentoxifylline 400 mg orally three times daily (n = 13), or placebo (n = 16) for 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of double-blind therapy, treatment for all groups was placebo only, and follow-up continued through week 30. Treatment efficacy was established with treadmill testing. RESULTS: Profile analysis demonstrated a highly significant loss of treatment benefit after crossover (P = 0.001) for cilostazol-treated patients, but no significant change after crossover was observed with pentoxifylline. CONCLUSIONS: Drug withdrawal worsened the walking of claudicants who had benefited from cilostazol therapy. This decline with crossover to placebo suggests that the initial improvement with cilostazol treatment was due to the drug's action. Withdrawal of pentoxifylline did not adversely affect walking. Am J Surg. 1999;178: 141-146. (C) 1999 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Surg Res Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dawson, DL (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Div Med Sci, Mail Code SD,2101 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 178 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0002-9610(99)00147-6 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 231DG UT WOS:000082292400013 PM 10487267 ER PT J AU Herman, NL Choi, KC Affleck, PJ Calicott, R Brackin, R Singhal, A Andreasen, A Gadalla, F Fong, J Gomillion, MC Hartman, JK Koff, HD Lee, SHR Van Decar, TK AF Herman, NL Choi, KC Affleck, PJ Calicott, R Brackin, R Singhal, A Andreasen, A Gadalla, F Fong, J Gomillion, MC Hartman, JK Koff, HD Lee, SHR Van Decar, TK TI Analgesia, pruritus, and ventilation exhibit a dose-response relationship in parturients receiving intrathecal fentanyl during labor SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Anesthesiologists CY OCT 15-22, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Anesthesiologists ID RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; SUFENTANIL AB Several studies have characterized the 50% and 95% effective doses (ED50 and ED95, respectively) of intrathecal sufentanil for labor analgesia. Few have investigated these same criteria for the less expensive alternative, fentanyl. In addition, the ventilatory effects of intrathecal fentanyl at clinically relevant doses are unclear. We performed this study to establish the dose-response relationship of intrathecal fentanyl for both analgesia and ventilatory depression. Ninety parturients in active early labor (less than or equal to 5 cm dilation) received intrathecal fentanyl 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 pg in a double-blinded, randomized fashion (n = 15 patients in each group). Parturients were monitored for degree of pain (measured using a 100-mm visual analog pain scale), blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation (Sao(2)) respiratory rate, ETCO2, and fetal heart rate 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min after the administration of intrathecal fentanyl. An absolute visual analog pain scale score less than or equal to 25 mm was defined a priori as analgesic success. The percentage of parturients who achieved analgesic success was used to construct quantal dose-response curves, from which the ED50 and ED95 values were derived for the total population (mixed parity) and the nulliparous and multiparous subpopulations separately. Overall ED50 and ED50 values (95% CI) were 5.5 (3.4-7.2) and 17.4 (13.8-27.1) mu g, respectively. Nulliparous values were lower (5.3 and 15.9 mu g, respectively) than multivarous values (6.9 and 26.0 mu g, respectively) but were within the 95% CIs of the total population. Pruritus incidence in parturients with analgesic success displayed a dose-response relationship identical to that seen for analgesia. ETCO2 displayed a dose-related increase, particularly at doses greater than or equal to 15 mu g, without concomitant changes in respiratory rate or Sao, which suggests a decrease in tidal volume. Even in the absence of overt signs or symptoms of somnolence, intrathecal fentanyl at doses within the effective analgesic range induced a change in ventilation that may last longer than the 30-min period we studied. Implications: Intrathecal fentanyl induces rapid and satisfying dose-dependent analgesia in early labor; however, it also produces dose-related decreases in ventilation in the absence of overt somnolence. C1 Cornell Univ, New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Med Coll, Dept Anesthesiol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Med Wing 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Herman, NL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Med Coll, Dept Anesthesiol, Lasdon 208,Box 50,525 E 68th St, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 89 IS 2 BP 378 EP 383 DI 10.1097/00000539-199908000-00024 PG 6 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 222DD UT WOS:000081767400024 PM 10439751 ER PT J AU Haffner, CL Pessa, JE Zadoo, VP Garza, JR AF Haffner, CL Pessa, JE Zadoo, VP Garza, JR TI A technique for three-dimensional cephalometric analysis as an aid in evaluating changes in the craniofacial skeleton SO ANGLE ORTHODONTIST LA English DT Article DE three-dimensional cephalometrics; craniofacial skeleton; cephalometric analysis ID CT; VISUALIZATION AB A technique is presented for creating a standardized view for use in three-dimensional cephalometry. Three-dimensional cephalometric analysis hds become a valuable tool in the assessment of skeletal remodeling, contour changes, and changes in proportion that occur with aging. Computer-assisted tomographic data can be used in either cornal or axial sections: the present study was performed with axially acquired data that was processed in several steps to achieve a standardized position of the facial skeleton for further evaluation. This technique may be a useful adjunct to standard cephalometrics to evaluate the craniofacial skeleton. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat Dent, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Plast Surg, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Haffner, CL (reprint author), 3005 Royal Blvd S,Suite 120, Alpharetta, GA 30022 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANGLE ORTHODONTISTS RES EDUC FOUNDATION INC PI APPLETON PA 100 W LAWRENCE ST, SUITE 406,, APPLETON, WI 54911 USA SN 0003-3219 J9 ANGLE ORTHOD JI Angle Orthod. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 69 IS 4 BP 345 EP 348 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 221KB UT WOS:000081725300010 PM 10456602 ER PT J AU Park, GC Shelton, JB Ow, RA Todd, DH AF Park, GC Shelton, JB Ow, RA Todd, DH TI Merkel cell carcinoma of the lower lip - A case report and histopathologic study SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID NEURO-ENDOCRINE CARCINOMA; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; TRABECULAR CARCINOMA; SKIN; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; MUCOSA; HEAD; NECK AB Merkel cell carcinoma of the lower lip is a rare clinical entity. It is generally thought to be more aggressive than the more common skin cancers of the lips and oral cavity. The literature reveals that delayed diagnoses and poor survival are common among patients with these malignancies. Recommended treatment is surgical excision with wide margins and treatment of cervical metastases with either surgery or radiotherapy or both. Unlike other malignant neoplasms, the occurrence of Merkel cell carcinoma in a relatively older population makes comorbid conditions a key factor in treatment planning. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Park, GC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 125 IS 8 BP 907 EP 911 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 224LV UT WOS:000081901300012 PM 10448739 ER PT J AU Sobotka, M Brandt, PN Simon, GW AF Sobotka, M Brandt, PN Simon, GW TI Fine structure in sunspots - III. Penumbral grains SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : sunspots; convection ID UMBRAL DOTS; PORES; PHOTOMETRY; INTENSITY; MODEL AB The properties of penumbral grains (PGs) in a medium-size sunspot are studied from a 4.5 hour observation series acquired on 5 June 1993 at the Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope. La Palma. The application of an image segmentation procedure and a feature tracking algorithm on a movie of 360 frames yields proper motions, intensities, and lifetimes for a set of 469 PGs. Almost 3/4 of the PGs move toward the umbra and more than 1/4 toward the photosphere. There appears to be a dividing line (DL) in the penumbral approximately 0.7 of the distance from the umbra to the photosphere, such that most PGs outside this line move toward the photosphere, and those inside move toward the umbra. For inward moving PGs we find a typical proper motion speed of 0.4 km s(-1) and a median lifetime of 29 minutes, for outward moving ones 0.5 km s(-1) and 22 minutes. The average speed of inward moving PGs increases with distance from the umbra with a maximum near the DL. Outward moving PGs have maximum speed near the outer penumbral boundary. The measured instantaneous velocities of individual PGs show only partial agreement with theoretical model predictions. We find much shorter lifetimes than earlier authors, and no pronounced dependence of lifetime on position in the penumbra. We discuss possible reasons for the disagreement with previous results. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, CZ-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. Kiepenheuer Inst Sonnenphys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Sobotka, M (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, CZ-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. EM msobutka@asu.cas.cz RI Sobotka, Michal/G-9042-2014 OI Sobotka, Michal/0000-0001-5439-7822 NR 17 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 348 IS 2 BP 621 EP 626 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 231DN UT WOS:000082293000036 ER PT J AU Omont, A Ganesh, S Alard, C Blommaert, JADL Caillaud, B Copet, E Fouque, P Gilmore, G Ojha, D Schultheis, M Simon, G Bertou, X Borsenberger, J Epchtein, N Glass, I Guglielmo, F Groenewegen, MAT Habing, HJ Kimeswenger, S Morris, M Price, SD Robin, A Unavane, M Wyse, R AF Omont, A Ganesh, S Alard, C Blommaert, JADL Caillaud, B Copet, E Fouque, P Gilmore, G Ojha, D Schultheis, M Simon, G Bertou, X Borsenberger, J Epchtein, N Glass, I Guglielmo, F Groenewegen, MAT Habing, HJ Kimeswenger, S Morris, M Price, SD Robin, A Unavane, M Wyse, R TI ISOGAL-DENIS detection of red giants with weak mass loss in the Galactic bulge SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : circumstellar matter; stars : mass-loss; stars : AGB and post-AGB; Galaxy : center; Galaxy : stellar content; infrared : stars ID BAADES WINDOW; STARS AB The ISOGAL project is a survey of the stellar populations, structure, and recent star formation history of the inner disk and bulge of the Galaxy. ISOGAL combines 15 mu m and 7 mu m ISOCAM observations with DENIS IJK(s) data to determine the nature of a source and the interstellar extinction. In this paper we report an ISOGAL study of a small field in the inner Galactic Bulge (l = 0.0 degrees, b = 1.0 degrees, area = 0.035 deg(2)) as a prototype of the larger area ISOGAL survey of the inner Galaxy. The ISOCAM data are two orders of magnitude more sensitive than IRAS ones, and their spatial resolution is better by one order of magnitude, allowing nearly complete and reliable point-source detection down to similar to 10 mJy with the LW3 filter(12-18 mu m) and similar to 15 mJy with the LW2 filter (5.5-8 mu m). More than 90% of the ISOCAM sources are matched with a near-infrared source of the DENIS survey. The five wavelengths of ISOGAL+DENIS, together with the relatively low and constant extinction in front of this specific field, allow reliable determination of the nature of the sources. While most sources detected only with the deeper 7 mu m observation are probably RGB stars, the primary scientific result of this paper is evidence that the most numerous class of ISOGAL 15 mu m sources are Red Giants in the Galactic bulge and central disk, with luminosities just above or close to the RGB tip and weak mass-loss rates. They form loose sequences in the magnitude-colour diagrams [15]/K(s)-[15] and [15]/[7]-[15]. Their large excesses at 15 mu m with respect to 2 mu m and 7 mu m is due to circumstellar dust produced by mass-loss at low rate ((M) over dot (dust) similar to 10(-11)-a few 10(-10)M./yr). These ISOGAL results are the first systematic evidence and study of dust emission at this early stage (Intermediate AGB and possibly RGB-Tip), before the onset of the large mass-loss phase ((M) over dot greater than or equal to 10(-7) M./yr). It is thus well established that efficient dust formation is already associated with such low mass-loss rates during this early phase. About twenty more luminous stars are also detected with larger excess at 7 and 15 mu m. Repeated ISOGAL observations suggest that the majority of these are long period variables with large amplitude, probably in the large mass-loss stage with (M) over dot greater than or equal to 10(-7) M./yr. C1 CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. Observ Paris, DASGAL, Meudon, France. ESA, ISO Data Ctr, Villafranca Dasti, Italy. Observ Paris, DESPA, Meudon, France. ESO, Santiago, Chile. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. OCA, Nice, France. SAAO, Observatory, South Africa. MPA, Garching, Germany. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Observ Besancon, Besancon, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. TIFR, Mumbai, India. RP Omont, A (reprint author), CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, 98bis Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. EM omont@iap.fr RI Kimeswenger, of/K-7393-2013; OI Ganesh, Shashikiran/0000-0002-7721-3827 NR 30 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 348 IS 3 BP 755 EP 767 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235ZV UT WOS:000082574500013 ER PT J AU Olivere, JW Meier, PA Fraser, SL Morrison, WD Parsons, TW Drehner, DM AF Olivere, JW Meier, PA Fraser, SL Morrison, WD Parsons, TW Drehner, DM TI Coccidioidomycosis - the airborne assault continues: An unusual presentation with a review of the history, epidemiology, and military relevance SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Coccidioides immitis; coccidioidomycosis; dissemination; epidemiology; history; military; flight surgeons ID OUTBREAK; FLUCONAZOLE; MENINGITIS; THERAPY AB Despite remarkable advances in detection and therapy, coccidioidomycosis remains a persistent threat to military troops deployed in endemic areas. Pregnant women, immunocompromised hosts, and dark-skinned persons, particularly those of Filipino, African, Hispanic or Asian ancestry, are at greatest risk for disseminated coccidioidomycosis. The ethnically diverse military forces have susceptible active duty and reserve members stationed at or temporarily trained on bases located in endemic areas for Coccidioides immitis. Although the vast majority of infections with this organism are subclinical, unusual patterns of dissemination pose a diagnostic challenge. The military physician may be tasked with recognizing acute non-specific symptoms as well as bizarre, occult manifestations of coccidioidomycosis. We present a case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis in an active duty Caucasian male who presented with a right shoulder mass. Our patient is atypical in that he had disseminated disease although immunocompetent and Caucasian. Another unusual feature is that the mass was not preceded or accompanied by any other symptoms. We could find only two other reported cases of coccidioidomycosis presenting as a soft tissue mass, both in African-American patients. The epidemiology and history of coccidioidomycosis will be reviewed, with an emphasis on military populations. The insidious nature of coccidioidomycosis, the importance of early detection and treatment in decreasing morbidity and mortality, and the presence of large numbers of military members in the endemic areas make the lessons of this case particularly relevant for all flight surgeons. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Musculoskeletal Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Olivere, JW (reprint author), WHMC MTLP, Dept Pathol, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 70 IS 8 BP 790 EP 796 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 221AV UT WOS:000081702800009 PM 10447053 ER PT J AU Vanden Bosch, PM Dietz, DC Pohl, EA AF Vanden Bosch, PM Dietz, DC Pohl, EA TI Choosing the best approach to matrix exponentiation SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE matrix exponentiation; transition matrix; catastrophic cancelation AB There is no ideal single approach to matrix exponentiation; an application may have some characteristic that enables or precludes a specific approach. Even methods that theoretically yield precise answers can produce extremely large errors when implemented in floating point arithmetic, and simply utilizing double or quadruple precision representations may not ensure accuracy. An empirical method is employed here to examine the efficacy of selected methods of matrix exponentiation for a particular application. The method centers around parametrizing a sample matrix in order to determine the effects of specific characteristics. The matrices to be exponentiated are upper triangular and stochastic. They may have nearly confluent eigenvalues, as well as widely divergent eigenvalues. Such problems are common in queueing applications using phase-type distributions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Grad Sch Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dietz, DC (reprint author), US W Adv Technol, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 26 IS 9 BP 871 EP 882 DI 10.1016/S0305-0548(98)00097-5 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 192XZ UT WOS:000080106200002 ER PT J AU Elston, DM AF Elston, DM TI What's eating you? Centipedes (Chilopoda) SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID BITES C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), MMID, Dermatol Serv, 59th Med Wing AETC,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD AUG PY 1999 VL 64 IS 2 BP 83 EP 83 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 227FK UT WOS:000082068100002 PM 10467496 ER PT J AU Garrett, PH Jones, JJ LeClair, SR AF Garrett, PH Jones, JJ LeClair, SR TI Self-directed processing of materials SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE intelligent processing of materials; knowledge-based ex situ planners; decoupled subprocess influence in situ control; defined-error apparatus quality baselines; soft-sensor process feature extraction; online discovery process self-direction AB A self-directed process control schema is described as a taxonomy of six methods, enabling accurate process modeling and control compensation for the effective attenuation of variability, disorder, and disturbance dynamics over a wide range of applications in materials processing. These methods define the integration of material property modeling, subprocess parameter processing influences, in situ feedback and ex situ feedforward control, apparatus modeled-error quality baseline, and online process discovery for self-directed improvement. Implementation of these methods is demonstrated with a fiber coating chemical vapor deposition process for ceramic matrix composites. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept ECECS, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garrett, PH (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept ECECS, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0952-1976 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 12 IS 4 BP 479 EP 490 DI 10.1016/S0952-1976(99)00022-6 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA 236RN UT WOS:000082612500007 ER PT J AU Deng, BL Burris, DR Campbell, TJ AF Deng, BL Burris, DR Campbell, TJ TI Reduction of vinyl chloride in metallic iron-water systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED CHROMIUM(VI) REDUCTION; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; DECHLORINATION; DEGRADATION; SORPTION; SURFACE; TRANSFORMATION; MINERALIZATION; KINETICS AB Batch experiments examining the kinetics and mechanism of vinyl chloride (VC) reduction by metallic iron in aqueous systems were performed. The effects of various iron loadings, VC concentrations, pH conditions, temperatures, and Fe(II)/Fe(III) chelating agents (1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-dipyridyl, and nitrilotriacetic acid) on reduction kinetics were examined. Ethylene was the major carbon-containing product of VC reduction under all conditions examined, indicating hydrogenolysis. The reaction was pseudo-first-order with respect to aqueous VC concentration. The amount of VC adsorption on iron surfaces was estimated from the rapid initial loss of VC from solution, and the resultant sorption isotherm was linear over the concentration range examined. The first-order kinetics and the linear sorption for VC suggest that the portion of VC sorption to surface reactive sites relative to nonreactive sorption sites is constant, unlike the behavior observed for the higher chlorinated ethenes. The activation energy of the reaction was measured to be 41.6 +/- 2.0 kJ/mol, sufficiently large to indicate that the chemical reaction at the surface, rather than aqueous phase diffusion to the surface, controls the overall rate of the reaction. Experiments with the chelating agents suggest that the effect of available Fe(II) on VC reduction is not significant. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mineral & Environm Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Deng, BL (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mineral & Environm Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. OI Deng, Baolin/0000-0001-6569-1808 NR 43 TC 68 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 15 BP 2651 EP 2656 DI 10.1021/es980554q PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 222XT UT WOS:000081811200043 ER PT J AU Heyse, EC Mika, DJ de Venoge, TP Coulliette, DL McGowin, A AF Heyse, EC Mika, DJ de Venoge, TP Coulliette, DL McGowin, A TI General radial diffusion model for heterogeneous sorbents SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanisms and Effects of Resistant Sorption Processes of Organic Compounds in Natural Particles, at the 214th National Meeting of the ACS CY 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP Amer Chem Soc, Environm Chem Div DE sorption; radial diffusion; heterogeneous sorbent ID HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; DISTRIBUTED REACTIVITY MODEL; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MASS-TRANSFER; SORPTION; SOILS; DESORPTION; COSOLVENTS; SEDIMENTS; KINETICS AB Sorption kinetics modeling can be improved by accounting for sorbent heterogeneity. This paper demonstrates how heterogeneity can be accommodated with a composite sorbent particle whose shape is described by a general radial geometry. Batch experiments involving sorption and desorption of anthracene from paraffin spheres are used to test the model. The performance of the model is also demonstrated with simulations based on Borden soil. Experiments and modeling demonstrated that sorption by a heterogeneous mix of sorbent particle sizes can be predicted better using a-general composite radial geometry than as an equivalent sphere geometry. However predicting the composite geometry (shape factor and radius) from sorption rate data is difficult due to the nonuniqueness of sorption rate curves that evolve from higher shape factor geometries. Use of models such as ours that better describe sorption sites at long diffusion path lengths-may improve predictions when slow, long-term desorption is an important factor. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Heyse, EC (reprint author), HQ AFCEE ERC, 3207 North Rd,Bldg 532, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1694 EP 1700 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<1694:GRDMFH>2.3.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 221DZ UT WOS:000081709900013 ER PT J AU Rajagopal, VK Burris, DR AF Rajagopal, VK Burris, DR TI Reduction of 1,2-dibromoethane in the presence of zero-valent iron SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanisms and Effects of Resistant Sorption Processes of Organic Compounds in Natural Particles, at the 214th National Meeting of the ACS CY 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP Amer Chem Soc, Environm Chem Div DE 1,2-dibromoethane; ethylene dibromide; kinetics; zero-valent iron; reductive elimination ID CHLORINATED ETHENE REDUCTION; ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE; WATER; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; SORPTION; SYSTEMS AB The degradation reaction of 1,2-dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide or EDB) in water was studied in the presence of zero-valent iron (acid-cleaned, cast iron) in well-mixed batch aqueous systems. The observed products were ethylene and bromide ions. Carbon and bromine mass recoveries of >95% were obtained. Bromoethane and vinyl bromide were not observed. The reduction rates of bromoethane and vinyl bromide with iron indicate that they should have been observed if they were significant reaction intermediates for EDB. The results indicate that reductive beta-elimination may be the dominant reaction pathway. Reaction kinetics are rapid and pseudo-first order. The activation energy was determined to be 50 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction rate may not be aqueous phase diffusion controlled but rather controlled by the chemical reaction rate on the iron surface. Metallic iron may be a suitable treatment approach for EDB-contaminated groundwater in above-ground, as well as in situ applications, due to rapid kinetics and nontoxic products. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Burris, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, 139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1779 EP 1782 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<1779:RODITP>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 221DZ UT WOS:000081709900025 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, P Kennedy, EJ Keskinen, MJ Basu, S McCarrick, M Preston, J Zwi, H Engebretson, M Wong, A Wuerker, R Kaiser, ML Desch, MD Goetz, K Bougeret, JL Manning, R AF Rodriguez, P Kennedy, EJ Keskinen, MJ Basu, S McCarrick, M Preston, J Zwi, H Engebretson, M Wong, A Wuerker, R Kaiser, ML Desch, MD Goetz, K Bougeret, JL Manning, R TI A wave interference experiment with HAARP, HIPAS, and WIND SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID F-REGION; IRREGULARITIES; RADIO; LAYER AB We report on the first experiment using two high power, high frequency transmitting facilities in a bistatic, interferometer mode. The HAARP and HIPAS facilities in Alaska radiated at 4525 kHz with total combined power of about 700 kW, in the direction of the WIND spacecraft. The WAVES experiment aboard WIND received the transmissions at a distance of about 25 earth radii. The experimental setup thus resembled Young's two-slit experiment. The expected interference pattern was observed; at the distance of WIND, the fringe size was about 30 km peak to peak. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Adv Power Technol Inc, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Observ Paris, DESPA, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Rodriguez, P (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6750, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 15 BP 2351 EP 2354 DI 10.1029/1999GL900525 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 221WT UT WOS:000081750700033 ER PT J AU Dentamaro, AV Dao, PD Farley, R Ross, M AF Dentamaro, AV Dao, PD Farley, R Ross, M TI Characterization of particles from stratospheric launch vehicle plumes using wavelength-dependent Lidar techniques SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-OXIDE; SPACE-SHUTTLE; EXHAUST AB Our Mobile Lidar Trailer (MLT) has been deployed to Cape Canaveral Air Station for the purpose of studying the characteristics of launch vehicle plumes in the stratosphere. In addition to measurements of plume extent and dispersion rates, information on particle species and size can be obtained from the wavelength dependence of the Mie return signal. We measure the backscattering ratio of Mie to Rayleigh return at several wavelengths and compare the results to a model of Mie scattering cross sections for homogeneous spheres of specific refraction index and radius. Of primary interest are the calculations for particles which are present in the exhaust of solid rocket motors (SRM) and are conjectured to be instrumental in the catalysis of halogenic destruction of stratospheric ozone. Our data indicate that these particles, at least within the first half-hour after launch, are small (r < 50 nm as an upper limit). The data also shows a trend of the mean particle radius increasing with time. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Dentamaro, AV (reprint author), Wentworth Inst Technol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 15 BP 2395 EP 2398 DI 10.1029/1999GL900517 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 221WT UT WOS:000081750700045 ER PT J AU Crowe, KE Raines, RA AF Crowe, KE Raines, RA TI A model to describe the distribution of transmission path elevation angles to the iridium and Globalstar satellite systems SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mobile satellite communications; propagation models AB The quality of a satellite-based personal communications system (S-PCS) transmission path is heavily influenced by its elevation angle, The distribution of path elevation angles varies with a user's latitude but can be characterized by a single distribution with changing parameters. Through simulation, model fitting and regression analysis, a set of equations is presented which allows the distribution of elevation angles to both Globalstar(1) and Iridium(2) systems to be determined for any point on the earth between +/-60 degrees latitude. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Crowe, KE (reprint author), R1-3-D007,Queen Victoria Tce, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1089-7798 J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT JI IEEE Commun. Lett. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 3 IS 8 BP 242 EP 244 DI 10.1109/4234.781008 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 227LV UT WOS:000082082600004 ER PT J AU Sarangan, AM Wright, MW Marciante, JR Bossert, DJ AF Sarangan, AM Wright, MW Marciante, JR Bossert, DJ TI Spectral properties of angled-grating high-power semiconductor lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE alpha-DFB; angled grating; grating waveguide; high-power semiconductor laser; tilted grating ID UNSTABLE RESONATOR; MODE AB In this paper, we study the spectral properties of angled-grating high-power semiconductor lasers, also known as a distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. We have derived a closed-form expression to describe the cavity resonance. The results of this model are shown to compare favorably with experimental data. Intrinsic device parameters such as coupling coefficient and grating period are shown to be correlated to spectral and nearfield characteristics. The formulations and insights developed in this paper allow one to calculate these critical design parameters for optimum performance. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab DELS, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Sarangan, AM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 14 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1220 EP 1230 DI 10.1109/3.777224 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 220WR UT WOS:000081691600016 ER PT J AU Peterson, P Gavrielides, A Sharma, MP Erneux, T AF Peterson, P Gavrielides, A Sharma, MP Erneux, T TI Dynamics of passively Q-switched microchip lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE dynamics; laser stability; Nd : YAG lasers; Q-switched lasers; solid lasers ID INTRACAVITY SATURABLE ABSORBER; ND-YAG LASER; OPTIMIZATION; BISTABILITY; PULSATION; CO2-LASER; CR4+YAG AB Self-pulsing in passively Q-switched microchip lasers is investigated in detail. The typical range of values of the parameters motivates a new analysis of the laser rate equations. We determine basic properties of the laser intensity oscillations such as threshold conditions, repetition rate, pulsewidth, peak power, and pulse energy. We show that these oscillations appear through a quasi-vertical Hopf bifurcation located slightly above the lasing threshold. Our bifurcation results are verified numerically by modeling a microchip laser experiment with Nd:YAG as the gain medium and Cr:YAG as saturable absorber. Our results agree with the experiment to within 10%. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Nonlinear Opt Ctr Technol, AFRL DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RP Peterson, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Nonlinear Opt Ctr Technol, AFRL DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1247 EP 1256 DI 10.1109/3.777227 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 220WR UT WOS:000081691600019 ER PT J AU Reichhart, SP Youmans, B Dygert, R AF Reichhart, SP Youmans, B Dygert, R TI The software radio development system SO IEEE PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB This article focuses on the effort to advance the field of software reprogrammable radios and the building of a software radio testbed to develop advanced radio waveforms and techniques. The Air Force Research Laboratory has performed research on software reprogrammable radios since 1990 when the SPEAKeasy program was begun to determine if a multiband, multimode software radio was technically feasible. The AFRL testbed aids in the development of advanced waveforms and radio techniques regardless of the processor or system architecture used by the intended software radio platform. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Reichhart, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1070-9916 J9 IEEE PERS COMMUN JI IEEE Pers. Commun. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 6 IS 4 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1109/98.788211 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 232QZ UT WOS:000082382600004 ER PT J AU Ahlquist, GC Rice, M Nelson, B AF Ahlquist, GC Rice, M Nelson, B TI Error control coding in software radios: An FPGA approach SO IEEE PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Among the various tasks performed by software radios is the reconfiguration of the error control coding algorithm to match the requirement of the radio personality. In the digital radio processor, proper assignment of tasks between DSPs and FPGAs provides performance improvements over the use of DSPs alone. Error control coding functions are good candidates to reside on the FPGA side of this functional partition. Unfortunately, good VLSI designs for codes using BCH or Reed-Solomon codes do not map well to FPGAs. Good FPGA designs must parallelize at every opportunity, minimize timing delays through intelligent floor planning, and use each logic block to its fullest. We demonstrate the merits of these concepts by comparing the performance of popular finite field multiplier designs. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Ahlquist, GC (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM ahlquist@ee.byu.edu NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9916 J9 IEEE PERS COMMUN JI IEEE Pers. Commun. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 6 IS 4 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1109/98.788213 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 232QZ UT WOS:000082382600006 ER PT J AU Greenwood, AD Jin, JM AF Greenwood, AD Jin, JM TI Finite-element analysis of complex axisymmetric radiating structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE antennas; bodies of revolution; finite-element methods ID FORMULATION; REVOLUTION; MEDIA AB A finite-element method (FEM) is developed for the analysis of complex axisymmetric radiating structures. The method is based on the electric field formulation with the transverse field expanded in terms of edge-based vector basis functions and the azimuth component expanded using nodal-based scalar basis functions. This mixed representation of the electric field eliminates spurious solutions and permits an easy treatment of boundary conditions on conducting surfaces as well as across material interfaces. The FEM mesh is truncated using a recently developed cylindrical perfectly matched layer (PML). The method has been successfully applied to three radiating structures: a corrugated horn antenna, a spherical Luneburg lens, and a half Maxwell fish eye. Numerical results are presented to show the validity, accuracy, and efficiency of the method. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Greenwood, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1260 EP 1266 DI 10.1109/8.791941 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 240NF UT WOS:000082831500005 ER PT J AU Wood, WD Wood, AW AF Wood, WD Wood, AW TI Development and numerical solution of integral equations for electromagnetic scattering from a trough in a ground plane SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic scattering; ground plane ID CAVITY-BACKED APERTURES; ITERATIVE METHOD; FORMULATION; SLIT; RCS; TE AB We develop a set of scalar integral equations that govern the electromagnetic scattering from a two-dimensional (2-D) trough in an infinite perfectly conducting ground plane. We obtain accurate and efficient numerical solution to these equations via the method of moments (MoM), Our numerical implementation compares favorably to popular methods such as the finite element/boundary integral (FE/BI) method, generalized network formulation (GNF), and electric field integral equation (EFIE) techniques. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Electromagnet Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wood, WD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Electromagnet Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1318 EP 1322 DI 10.1109/8.791950 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 240NF UT WOS:000082831500014 ER PT J AU Noga, AJ Sarkar, TK AF Noga, AJ Sarkar, TK TI A discrete-time method of demodulating large deviation FM signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE discrete-time; FM demodulation; frequency feedback; frequency modulation; simulation AB A method of enhancing the performance of a numerical FM discriminator in specific receive-signal conditions, using frequency feedback techniques, is developed and evaluated. Receive-signal conditions of interest are: 1) frequency deviations that are large relative to the bandwidth of the message signal; 2) a low-uniform (complex) sample rate commensurate with the bandwidth; and 3) noise strengths that yield values of input carrier-to-noise ratio of the order of 10 dB or more. Through computer simulation, observed phase cycle-slip counts and phase noise variance estimation are used to compare the enhanced demodulator to the performance of a numerical FM discriminator baseline. Based upon the theoretical analyses and simulation results, the presented method of numerical FM demodulation is shown to be a viable technique For enhancing the performance of numerical FM discriminators under the given modulation conditions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome Res Site, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Noga, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome Res Site, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1194 EP 1200 DI 10.1109/26.780455 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 227LA UT WOS:000082080800013 ER PT J AU Enloe, CL Pakula, WA Finney, GA Haaland, RK AF Enloe, CL Pakula, WA Finney, GA Haaland, RK TI Teleoperation in the undergraduate physics laboratory - Teaching an old dog new tricks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE remote operation; speed of light; teleoperation AB A common undergraduate physics experiment is modified for remote operation over the Internet. The software interface for such remote operation is particularly easily implemented using the National Instruments LabVIEW programming environment, which includes remote access of data acquisition hardware in its driver software. Necessary hardware modifications are also described. The value of such an activity lies in giving students an introduction to the process of "teleoperation." which is already commonplace in some technical fields and is becoming more evident in others. C1 James Madison Univ, Integrated Sci & Technol Program, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Enloe, CL (reprint author), James Madison Univ, Integrated Sci & Technol Program, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 42 IS 3 BP 174 EP 179 DI 10.1109/13.779895 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 225BH UT WOS:000081935700003 ER PT J AU Hary, SL Ozguner, F AF Hary, SL Ozguner, F TI Precedence-constrained task allocation onto point-to-point networks for pipelined execution SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE task scheduling; message scheduling; direct networks; pipeline scheduling; real-time systems ID REAL-TIME TASKS AB The problem of scheduling directed acyclic task flow graphs to multiprocessor systems using point-to-point networks is examined. An environment where the application has a strict throughput requirement is assumed. Pipelined parallelism is used to meet the throughput requirement. Communication and computation are completely overlapped. Each task and message has a periodic rate and deadline equal to the throughput requirement. A heuristic procedure based on preclustering, recursive mincut bipartitioning, and iterative improvement is proposed to reduce the maximum contention due to communication in the network, increasing the likelihood that messages meet their deadlines. The task assignment procedure takes into account the topology of the multiprocessor system and the distance between communicating tasks. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFSC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hary, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFSC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1045-9219 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 10 IS 8 BP 838 EP 851 DI 10.1109/71.790601 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 233MJ UT WOS:000082430400006 ER PT J AU Wyatt, SE Baxley, S Wells, JR AF Wyatt, SE Baxley, S Wells, JR TI The hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant and products of methyl isobutyrate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RELATIVE RATE-CONSTANT; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; MECHANISM; KINETICS; ETHER; NITRATE; NITRITE; ACETATE AB The relative rate technique has been used to measure the rate coefficient for the reaction of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with methyl isobutyrate (MIB, (CH3)(2) CHC(=O)-O-CH3) to be (1.7 +/- 0.4) x 10(-12) cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1) at 297 +/- 3 K and 1 atmosphere total pressure. To more clearly define MIB's atmospheric degradation mechanism, the products of the OH + MIB reaction were also determined. The observed products and their yields were: acetone (97 +/- 1%, (CH3)(2)C(=O)) and methyl pyruvate (MP, 3.3 +/- 0.3%, CH3C(=O)C(=O)-O-CH3). The products' formation pathways are discussed in light of current understanding of the atmospheric chemistry of oxygenated organic compounds. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Airbase & Environm Technol Div, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Appl Res Associates, Gulf Coast Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Wells, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Airbase & Environm Technol Div, MLQR, 139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 31 IS 8 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1999)31:8<551::AID-KIN4>3.0.CO;2-C PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 218AK UT WOS:000081531000004 ER PT J AU Haritos, GK Nicholas, T Lanning, DB AF Haritos, GK Nicholas, T Lanning, DB TI Notch size effects in HCF behavior of Ti-6Al-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Turbine Engine High Cycle Fatigue Meeting CY FEB 02-06, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE high cycle fatigue; notches; stress concentration factors; titanium alloys ID STRESS-CONCENTRATION; CRACK INITIATION; FATIGUE AB The high cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of Ti-6Al-4V is investigated for cylindrical specimens having three sizes of geometrically similar circumferential V-notches, each with an elastic stress concentration factor, K-t, of approximately 2.78. A step loading technique for obtaining a point on a constant life (10(6) cycles) Haigh diagram from a single test specimen was implemented. Tests were performed at stress ratios of R = 0.1, 0.5, and 0.8 for specimens machined from two different product forms of Ti-6Al-4V, bar and plate forgings. Results indicate that while there is a definite notch size effect in the Ti-6Al-4V bar within the range of notch sizes tested, little or no such effect exists in the plate. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MLLN, AFRL, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Coll Engn, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. RP Nicholas, T (reprint author), MLLN, AFRL, Air Force Res Lab, 2230 Tenth St,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD AUG PY 1999 VL 21 IS 7 BP 643 EP 652 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(99)00023-7 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 227LH UT WOS:000082081500002 ER PT J AU Hutson, AL Nicholas, T Goodman, R AF Hutson, AL Nicholas, T Goodman, R TI Fretting fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V under flat-on-flat contact SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Turbine Engine High Cycle Fatigue Meeting CY FEB 02-06, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE fretting; fatigue; Ti-6Al-4V; high cycle fatigue; mechanical testing ID DAMAGE AB A fretting fatigue test system has been developed to simulate the fretting fatigue damage that occurs in turbine engine blade attachments. The test system employs a flat-on-flat contact with blending radii, which reproduces the nominal levels of normal and internal shear stresses present in dovetails. These stress states are achieved through the application of the normal loads required to grip a fatigue specimen coupled with the cyclic axial loads used to generate fatigue data. Successful fretting tests have been conducted as evidenced by the characteristic fretting damage and failure locations observed in test specimens. In addition, variations in test parameters produced notable trends in stresses required for constant lives of 10(7) cycles for design. Fractography is used to determine crack initiation sites and to evaluate the extent of fretting damage. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Structural Integr Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, AFRL, MLLN, Metals Ceram Div,Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, AFRL, MLLN, NDE Div,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hutson, AL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Structural Integr Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 21 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD AUG PY 1999 VL 21 IS 7 BP 663 EP 669 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(99)00027-4 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 227LH UT WOS:000082081500004 ER PT J AU Morrissey, RJ McDowell, DL Nicholas, T AF Morrissey, RJ McDowell, DL Nicholas, T TI Frequency and stress ratio effects in high cycle fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Turbine Engine High Cycle Fatigue Meeting CY FEB 02-06, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE fatigue limit; creep; titanium; Ti-6Al-4V; high cycle fatigue; frequency; stress ratio; ratchetting ID STRAIN; LIFE AB Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of test frequency on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of Ti-6Al-4V. Specimens were tested at a range of frequencies for three different stress ratios (0.1, 0.5, and 0.8). Results indicate a frequency dependence that varies with stress ratio (R). At low R, the fatigue strength increases with increasing frequency. As R is increased, this trend continues until a transition zone is reached. Above this transition the frequency effect seems to vanish at the lower frequencies, but it is still apparent at high frequency. In addition, the material exhibits ductile behavior above the transition point. The ductile behavior is characterized by void nucleation and growth and the apparent lack of fatigue crack initiation and growth that is evident at low stress ratios. Scanning electron microscopy is used to examine the failure mechanisms and transition regions. Several possible explanations are presented to explain the observed frequency and stress ratio effects. Strain accumulation at high R is observed and is attributed to cyclic strain ratchetting. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. WPAFB, MLLN, AFRL, Air Force Res Lab, Ohio, OH USA. RP Morrissey, RJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 14 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD AUG PY 1999 VL 21 IS 7 BP 679 EP 685 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(99)00030-4 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 227LH UT WOS:000082081500006 ER PT J AU Cortez, R Mall, S Calcaterra, JR AF Cortez, R Mall, S Calcaterra, JR TI Investigation of variable amplitude loading on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Turbine Engine High Cycle Fatigue Meeting CY FEB 02-06, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE fretting fatigue; high cycle fatigue; high frequency testing; titanium alloys; variable amplitude fatiguing AB The fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V under both constant amplitude and variable amplitude loadings was investigated. Constant amplitude fretting fatigue tests were conducted at a frequency of 200 Hz as well as at 1 Hz, while the variable amplitude loading combined the interaction of these two frequencies. The axial load ratios ranged from nominal values of 0.1 to nominal values of 0.8. Fretting fatigue lives at the higher frequency were found to be less than those from tests conducted at the lower frequency with a larger difference being noted at higher axial load ratios. In general, fretting fatigue resistance for the variable amplitude loading conditions fell within the scatter band of the 200 Hz constant amplitude fretting fatigue tests. Miner's linear damage summation model provided a reasonable, yet slightly unconservative, prediction of the variable amplitude loading tests. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Air Force Res Lab, Survivabil Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD AUG PY 1999 VL 21 IS 7 BP 709 EP 717 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(99)00034-1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 227LH UT WOS:000082081500009 ER PT J AU Abadi, J AF Abadi, J TI The decline of the Arab-Israeli conflict: Middle East politics and the quest for regional order SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Dept Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Abadi, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0020-7438 J9 INT J MIDDLE E STUD JI Int. J. Middle East Stud. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 31 IS 3 BP 499 EP 501 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 225BB UT WOS:000081934800035 ER PT J AU Schmidt, NB Lerew, DR Jackson, RJ AF Schmidt, NB Lerew, DR Jackson, RJ TI Prospective evaluation of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: Replication and extension SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; TRAIT ANXIETY; DEPRESSION; SPECIFICITY; INVENTORY; ATTACKS; INDEX AB Increasing evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity (AS) may he a premorbid risk factor for the development of anxiety pathology. The principal aim of this study was to replicate and extend a previous longitudinal study evaluating whether AS acts as a vulnerability factor in the pathogenesis of panic (N. Schmidt, D. Lerew, & R. Jackson, 1997). A large nonclinical sample of young adults (N = 1,296) was prospectively followed over a 5-week, highly stressful period of time (i.e., military basic training). Consistent with the authors' initial study, AS predicted the development of spontaneous panic attacks after controlling for a history of panic attacks and trail anxiety, and AS was found to possess symptom specificity with respect to anxiety versus depression symptoms. AS ist-order factors differentially predicted panic attacks, with the Mental Concerns factor being the best predictor of panic in this sample. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Clin Psychol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Leadership & Behav Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Schmidt, NB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, 245 Townshend Hall,1885 Neil Ave Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 29 TC 270 Z9 283 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0021-843X J9 J ABNORM PSYCHOL JI J. Abnorm. Psychol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 108 IS 3 BP 532 EP 537 DI 10.1037/0021-843X.108.3.532 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 228CV UT WOS:000082120000018 PM 10466277 ER PT J AU Islam, NE Schamiloglu, E Fleddermann, CB Schoenberg, JSH Joshi, RP AF Islam, NE Schamiloglu, E Fleddermann, CB Schoenberg, JSH Joshi, RP TI Analysis of high voltage operation of gallium arsenide photoconductive switches used in high power applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAAS; SEMICONDUCTOR; TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS AB An opposed-contact photoconductive semiconductor switch, with a n(+) region next to the cathode electrode has been simulated. Physical conditions during the pulse charging state, prior to high power switching, are analyzed in order to explain the increased hold-off characteristic of such devices. Results show that the introduction of the n(+) region near the cathode inhibits the flow of electrons at the n(+)/semi-insulating interface until very high fields are reached. The formation of trap-filled regions near the contacts and the resultant inhomogeneous device characteristics that lead to breakdown are thereby shifted to higher voltages. Thus, for switches with a n(+) region next to the cathode, the breakdown voltage due to unstable filamentary conduction is also increased beyond those achieved previously, allowing for higher power operation. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)05315-3]. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Islam, NE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1754 EP 1758 DI 10.1063/1.370958 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 216TD UT WOS:000081458800096 ER PT J AU Chan, KY Drasgow, F Sawin, LL AF Chan, KY Drasgow, F Sawin, LL TI What is the shelf life of a test? The effect of time on the psychometrics of a cognitive ability test battery SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Industrial-and-Organizational-Psychology CY APR, 1998 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Soc Ind & Org Psychol ID ITEM PARAMETER DRIFT; RESPONSE THEORY AB The psychometric stability of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery was studied with data collected at 5 points over a 16-year period using item response theory (IRT) methods. Although 25 of the 200 items changed significantly over the years across 3 different gender-ethnic groups (i.e., White men, White women, and Black men), the overall characteristics of the tests were not severely affected by item-level changes. Items from tests that were more semantically laden were found to be more susceptible to the effects of time compared with those that focused on skills and principles. The findings are discussed in the context of the effects of time on the effectiveness of psychological measures. A call is made to test developers and test users to pay attention to the shelf life of their tests. The use of IRT methods for studying the effects of time on psychometrics is also discussed. C1 Minist Def, Dept Appl Behav Sci, Manpower Div, Singapore 109681, Singapore. Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Chan, KY (reprint author), Minist Def, Dept Appl Behav Sci, Manpower Div, Def Technol Towers,Tower B 16-01,5 Depot Rd, Singapore 109681, Singapore. RI Drasgow, Fritz/F-7686-2011 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 84 IS 4 BP 610 EP 619 DI 10.1037/0021-9010.84.4.610 PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 238WN UT WOS:000082737800011 ER PT J AU Phelps, JY Figueira-Armada, L Levine, AS Vlahos, NP Roshanfekr, D Zacur, HA Garcia, JE AF Phelps, JY Figueira-Armada, L Levine, AS Vlahos, NP Roshanfekr, D Zacur, HA Garcia, JE TI Exogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) increases estradiol response patterns in poor responders with low serum LH concentrations SO JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE estradiol; gonadotropins; luteinizing hormone; ovulation induction ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; HUMAN MENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPIN; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM; OVULATION INDUCTION; WOMEN; CYCLES; PHASE AB Purpose: Our purpose was to investigate whether the addition of exogenous leuteinizing hormone (LN) increases estradiol secretion in LH-depleted women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with purified follicle stimulating hormone (FSN). Methods: We carried out case series and retrospective analysis of midfollicular serum LH concentrations and estradiol response patterns in COH cycles. All patients initially received gonadotropins containing purified FSH Human menopausal gonadotropin containing LN was added to poor responders with low midfollicular LH concentrations. Results: The addition of exogenous LN to the CON regimen significantly increased estradiol secretion in poor responders with low midfollicular endogenous LH concentrations. This was confirmed statistically by an average change in the slope of the estradiol patterns from 27.54 to 85.49 after the addition of exogenous LN. Furthermore, patients with midfollicular serum LH concentrations <3.0 mlU/ml had significantly lower midfollicular and peak estradiol (E-2) concentrations compared to patients with LH concentrations greater than or equal to 3.0 mlU/ml (352.3 and 2094.3 vs 855.6 and 3757.1 pg/ ml, respectively). Conclusions: The addition of exogenous LH increases E-2 response patterns in poor responders with low midfollicular serum LH concentrations. Low midfollicular serum LH concentrations are associated with significantly lower midfollicular and peak E-2 concentrations. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Phelps, JY (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1058-0468 J9 J ASSIST REPROD GEN JI J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 16 IS 7 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1023/A:1020541913528 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 226VH UT WOS:000082042800006 PM 10459519 ER PT J AU Larson, CW Presilla-Marquez, JD AF Larson, CW Presilla-Marquez, JD TI Vibrational spectrum of B2C in argon at 10 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-SPECTRA; CARBON CLUSTERS; SOLID ARGON; AB-INITIO; BORON; MATRICES; RESONANCE; MOLECULES; NEON; NU-4 AB The vibrational spectrum of B2C has been observed for the first time in solid argon by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Absorption frequencies of the three boron isotopomers of cyclic symmetric B2C, previously deduced by ab initio theory, are in accord with measured frequencies, which enables assignment of an absorption at 1392.8 cm(-1) to the nu(1)(a(1)) fundamental of B2C((1)A(1)). [S0021-9606(99)01629-3]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Larson, CW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 5 BP 1988 EP 1992 DI 10.1063/1.479467 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 220ZA UT WOS:000081698700023 ER PT J AU Seaford, ML Solomon, JS Tomich, DH Eyink, KG AF Seaford, ML Solomon, JS Tomich, DH Eyink, KG TI The use of computer controlled group V valved sources for interface type control in InGaSb/InAs strained layer superlattices SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE InGaSb/InAs; strained layer superlattices; group V valved sources ID INFRARED DETECTORS AB The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the necessity of computer controlled valved group V effusion cell sources in the growth of indium gallium antimonide/indium arsenide (InGaSb/InAs). These sources allow enhanced control of the group V flux. This flux control allows the reduction of unwanted cross contamination and complete control of the interface type. For simple structures, this control can be done manually, however, for complicated structures the control must be automated to allow for reproducibility and uniformity. The InGaSb/InAs strained layer superlattice (SLS) is an example of a complicated structure with hundreds of layers that requires interface type control. Arsenic incorporation with typical flux shuttering was found to be a problem in the growth of antimonide layers and limit interface type control. The antimony incorporation was not found to occur for the growth of arsenide layers. In addition, antimony exposure to critical interfaces did not appear to reduce the interface quality. This research demonstrates that the use of computer controlled valve sources is only required for the arsenic source when attempting to create InGaSb/InAs SLS structures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Seaford, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 28 IS 8 BP 955 EP 958 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0203-y PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 224MX UT WOS:000081903800005 ER PT J AU Fang, ZQ Xie, QH Look, DC Ehret, J Van Nostrand, JE AF Fang, ZQ Xie, QH Look, DC Ehret, J Van Nostrand, JE TI Electrical characterization of self-assembled In0.5Ga0.5As/GaAs quantum dots by deep level transient spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Letter DE electron quantum level; self-assembled In0.5Ga0.5As/GaAs quantum dots; molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE); deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TRAPS; GAAS(100); ENERGY AB We have investigated electron emission from self-assembled In0.5Ga0.5As/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). Through detailed deep level transient spectroscopy comparisons between the QD sample and a reference sample, we determine that trap D, with an activation energy of 100 meV and an apparent capture cross section of 5.4 x 10(-18) cm(2), is associated with an electron quantum level in the In0.5Ga0.5As/GaAs QDs. The other deep levels observed, M1, M3, M4, and M6, are common to GaAs grown by MBE. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fang, ZQ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 28 IS 8 BP L13 EP L16 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0210-z PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 224MX UT WOS:000081903800012 ER PT J AU Yaccino, JM Walker, WA Carnes, DL Schindler, WG AF Yaccino, JM Walker, WA Carnes, DL Schindler, WG TI Longitudinal microleakage evaluation of Super-EBA as a root-end sealing material SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE; FILLING MATERIALS; RETROFILLING MATERIALS; DENTIN PERMEABILITY; IRM; AMALGAM; ABILITY; LEAKAGE; INVITRO AB This study evaluated the sealing ability of fast and regular set Super-EBA with different powder-to-liquid ratios as a root-end filling material. Fifty extracted maxillary central incisors were uniformly cleaned and shaped using a crown-down technique with Gates-Glidden drills and Profile series 29.04 taper rotary instruments. After root-end resection and ultrasonic preparation, 48 root sections were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 12 teeth each and filled with a thick or thin mix of fast or regular set Super-EBA, Fast and regular set Super-EBA were mixed to a thick (1 scoop powder:1 drop liquid) or a thin (1 scoop powder:2 drops liquid) consistency, Positive and negative controls were used. Microleakage was assessed at 24 h, 72 h, 1 wk, 2 wk, 4 wk, 6 wk, and 8 wk using a fluid filtration system. There were no significant differences in the microleakage measured for any group at any of the time points evaluated. These results suggest that either fast or regular set Super-EBA mixed to various consistencies may be acceptable for root-end filling. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, Adv Educ Program, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, Div Res, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Walker, WA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, Adv Educ Program, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 25 IS 8 BP 552 EP 554 DI 10.1016/S0099-2399(99)80378-1 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 222YP UT WOS:000081813200005 PM 10635220 ER PT J AU Broadfoot, AL AF Broadfoot, AL TI Bridging the gap between ground-based and space-based observations of the night airglow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BAND; WINDII; O(S-1); SHUTTLE; UARS AB Data sets from most satellite experiments focus on global dynamics by integrating daily conditions over long periods, rather than local dynamics over short timescales. Reports from the ground-based 1993 airborne lidar and observations of the Hawaiian airglow/airborne noctilucent cloud campaigns (ALOHA/ANLC-93), with their high temporal and spatial resolution, have described the dynamic nature of the night airglow, or nightglow. Recognizing this dynamic activity, we note that space-based observations currently made from satellites will only poorly complement ground-based observations. Space-based observations that can be correlated to observations over a ground-based site are possible for only a few minutes per day. Ground-based observations can be complemented by space-based observations only by experiments operating in snapshot mode and using a high-performance instrumentation during the limited flight time over a ground station. The only space platform currently capable of supporting such experimentation is the space shuttle, or Space Transportation System (STS). In the future, appropriate payloads should be planned and deployed on the International Space Station to take advantage of its similar capabilities. The night airglow layer at the Earth's limb was monitored by the Arizona Airglow Experiment (GLO) from the space shuttle Endeavour throughout its 12-day STS 69 mission in September 1995. When the nightglow was observed from above, the O-2 atmospheric band system was conspicuous. Patches of enhanced emission 2500-5000 km in lateral extent were observed. Intensity changes by a factor of 4 were common. Similar activity has been reported in data from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) remote sensing experiments high-resolution Doppler imager (HRDI) and wind imaging inferometer (WINDII). The O-2(0,0) band emission cannot be observed from the ground because the intervening O-2 atmosphere overhead is optically thick to this emission. However, the O-2(0,0) band emission is the brightest in the nightglow spectrum observed from orbit. It is 22 times brighter than the O-2(0,1) band, which is monitored regularly by ground-based observers. Thus the intense signature of the O-2(0,0) band can be used as an indicator of dynamic activity in the nightglow emission layer. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Broadfoot, AL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A8 BP 17127 EP 17138 DI 10.1029/1999JA900135 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 222NB UT WOS:000081790700013 ER PT J AU Rubin, AG Burke, WJ Gough, MP Machuzak, JS Gentile, LC Huang, CY Hardy, DA Thompson, DC Raitt, WJ AF Rubin, AG Burke, WJ Gough, MP Machuzak, JS Gentile, LC Huang, CY Hardy, DA Thompson, DC Raitt, WJ TI Beam-induced electron modulations observed during TSS 1R SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AURORAL KILOMETRIC RADIATION; WHISTLER-MODE RADIATION; FREQUENCY; WAVES; EMISSIONS; HARMONICS; CYCLOTRON; INJECTION; MISSION; MAGNETOSPHERE AB We report on modulations of electron fluxes at megahertz frequencies measured by the Shuttle Potential and Return Electron Experiment (SPREE) during fast pulsed electron gull (FPEG) beam experiments conducted after the tether break event of the Tethered Satellite System Reflight. Six intervals of sustained modulations were identified while FPEG emitted a 100 mA beam of 1 kev electrons. During five events the beam pitch angle alpha(B) was near 90 degrees and the modulations were near even or odd half harmonics of the electron gyrofrequency f(ce). In the sixth event with 60 degrees greater than or equal to alpha(B) greater than or equal to 45 degrees, electron modulations were near estimated values of the electron plasma frequency f(pe) and 2f(pe). Whenever SPREE detected beam electrons modulated at a given frequency, secondary electrons were also modulated at the same frequency over a broad range of energies. Occasionally, some secondary electrons were modulated simultaneously at a second frequency. Multiple frequencies were related as ratios of low integers. In one case the beam electrons were simultaneously modulated at 0.8 MHz and 1.25 kHz. SPREE measurements suggest that the beam electrons propagate in cylindrical shells whose inner edge is marked by steep spatial gradients in fluxes at 1 keV [Hardy et al., 1995]. Inside the shell, electron distribution functions have positive slopes partial derivative f/partial derivative v perpendicular to > 0 at velocities near that of the beam. Velocity space gradients act as free-energy sources to drive cavity modes that alter the instantaneous guiding centers of electrons causing SPREE to sample alternating parts of the beam cylinder's inner edge. Associated time-varying electric fields also modulated the fluxes of secondary electrons reaching SPREE. Other cavity modes may be excited through nonlinear processes [Calvert, 1982]. With alpha(B) far from 90 degrees, electrons in the beam cylinder evolved toward bump-on-tail distributions to excite large-amplitude Langmuir modulations at f(pe) and its harmonics [Klimas, 1983]. Low-frequency modulations are attributed to electron interactions with ion acoustic-like waves generated as the beam moved across magnetic field lines in the ionosphere at supersonic speeds. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Space Sci, Brighton BN1 9QT, E Sussex, England. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Rubin, AG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A8 BP 17251 EP 17262 DI 10.1029/1999JA900127 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 222NB UT WOS:000081790700023 ER PT J AU Chen, MW Roeder, JL Fennell, JF Lyons, LR Lambour, RL Schulz, M AF Chen, MW Roeder, JL Fennell, JF Lyons, LR Lambour, RL Schulz, M TI Proton ring current pitch angle distributions: Comparison of simulations with CRRES observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTRIC-FIELD; KINETIC-MODEL; LARGE-SCALE; IONS; PHASE; SPACECRAFT; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT AB In this study we compare the proton pitch angle distributions (PADs) in the ring current region (L similar to 3-4) obtained from Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) observations during the large magnetic storm (minimum Dst = -170 nT) on August 19, 1991, with results of phase-space mapping simulations in which we trace the bounce-averaged drift of protons during storm-associated enhancements in a model of the convection electric field. We map the phase-space density f according to Liouville's theorem except for attenuation by charge exchange, which we compute for both an empirical model [Rairden et al., 1986] and a theory-based model [Hedges, 1994] of the neutral H density distribution. We compare simulated pitch angle distributions at 48 keV, 81 keV, and 140 keV at L = 3 and L = 4 directly with the CRRES distributions at the same energies and L values before and during the storm. A steady-state application of our transport model, using the empirical neutral H density model of Rairden et al. [1986], reproduces the absolute intensities well except for E = 140 keV at L = 3 (M = 10 MeV/G) and E = 48 keV at L = 4 (M = 13 MeV/G). The anisotropies (A similar to 0.2-0.8) of the CRRES and modeled pre-storm pitch angle distributions agree within factors less than or similar to 2. Time-dependent application of our transport model reproduces measured recovery phase anisotropies (t = 10-12 h after storm onset; A similar to 0.4-1.2) similarly well at the selected energies and L values, but agreement between modeled and measured absolute intensities is energy-dependent and not consistently good. Our model underpredicts the proton intensities found by CRRES for E > 80 keV at L = 4 in early recovery phase (t = 10-12 h). Perhaps the impulsive stormtime convection electric field was stronger during the main phase than we have assumed here. Comparisons were more difficult in late recovery phase (t = 20 h) because CRRES was too far off the magnetic equator. Proton life times inferred from the CRRES data during the recovery phase of this storm are considerably shorter than charge-exchange lifetimes for either model, but the empirical neutral H density model of Rairden et al. [1986] leads to smaller discrepancies with the CRRES data at all the selected energies and L values than the theory-based neutral H density model of Hedges [1994] for parameters that most closely represent the seasonal and solar maximum conditions of the August 19, 1991, storm. It appears that charge exchange alone is not enough to explain the observed rapid decay of the ring current proton intensities during the recovery phase of this storm. C1 Aerospace Corp, Space & Environm Technol Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Chen, MW (reprint author), Aerospace Corp, Space & Environm Technol Ctr, POB 92957,MS M2-260, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RI Chen, Margaret/C-9658-2013 OI Chen, Margaret/0000-0001-7771-4771 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A8 BP 17379 EP 17389 DI 10.1029/1999JA900142 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 222NB UT WOS:000081790700033 ER PT J AU Leland, JE Pais, MR AF Leland, JE Pais, MR TI Free jet impingement heat transfer of a high Prandtl number fluid under conditions of highly varying properties SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE cooling; forced convection; heat transfer; jets ID THIN LIQUID-FILM; SUBMERGED JETS; CIRCULAR JETS; RADIAL FLOW AB An experimental investigation was performed to determine the heat transfer rates for an impinging free-surface axisymmetric jet of lubricating oil for a wide range of Prandtl numbers (48 to 445) and for conditions of highly varying properties (viscosity ratios up to 14) in the flowing film. Heat transfer coefficients were obtained for jet Reynolds numbers from 109 to 8592, nozzle orifice diameters of 0.51, 0.84 and 1.70 mm and a healed surface diameter of 12.95 mm. The effect of nozzle to surface spacing (1 to 8.5 mm), was also investigated. Viscous dissipation was found to have an effect at low heat fluxes. Distinct heat transfer regimes were identified for initially laminar and turbulent jets. The data show that existing constant property correlations underestimate the heat transfer coefficient by more than 100 percent as the wall to fluid temperature difference increases. Over 700 data points were used to generate Nusselt number correlations which satisfactorily account for the highly varying properties with a mean absolute error of less than ten percent. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Cudo Technol, Chicago, IL 60010 USA. RP Leland, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 1999 VL 121 IS 3 BP 592 EP 597 DI 10.1115/1.2826020 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 234YR UT WOS:000082512400009 ER PT J AU He, Z Spain, JC AF He, Z Spain, JC TI Preparation of 2-aminomuconate from 5-aminophenol by coupled enzymatic dioxygenation and dehydrogenation reactions SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocatalysis; 2-aminomuconate; 2-aminophenol; Pseudomonas; dioxygenase; dehydrogenase ID PSEUDOMONAS PSEUDOALCALIGENES JS45; KYNURENINE PATHWAY; 2-AMINOPHENOL 1,6-DIOXYGENASE; NITROBENZENE; DEGRADATION; METABOLISM; RAT AB 2-Aminomuconate is an intermediate in the oxidative metabolism of tryptophan in mammals. The compound is not commercially available, and studies of its metabolism have been prevented by the lack of a chemical synthesis and the instability of the molecule. We report here the formation of 2-aminomuconate from 2-aminophenol by the coupled action of 2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase and 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45, and isolation of the product by anion exchange chromatography. The overall procedure was completed within 3 h with a yield of 62%, The availability of the dicarboxyl alpha-amino acid provides the basis for investigation of the physiological function of 2-aminomuconate in the neuropathologically significant oxidative metabolism of tryptophan. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Bldg 1117,139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 138 EP 142 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900705 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 241KJ UT WOS:000082882000012 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA Boyle, TJ Hernandez, BA Tallant, DR Vanheusden, K AF Rodriguez, MA Boyle, TJ Hernandez, BA Tallant, DR Vanheusden, K TI A new metastable thin-film strontium tantalate perovskite SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SRBI2TA2O9; SLABS AB A novel Sr-Ta-O perovskite phase has been synthesized by a chemical preparation route and crystallized on Pt-coated SiO2/Si substrates at similar to 800 degrees C, The phase was isolated as a thin film only (not as a polycrystalline powder) and is likely metastable, SEM, EDS, XRD, EPR, and Raman analyses suggest this phase is cation-deficient, having the formula SrxTaxO3 (x similar to 0.85). X-ray Rietveld analysis indicates the structure to be a simple-cubic perovskite-type lattice; Pm3m space group, a = 3.955(2) Angstrom, V = 61.86 Angstrom(3), Z = 1, Electrical property measurements recorded a dielectric constant k of similar to 16 with a tan delta of 0.04. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1405, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 82 IS 8 BP 2101 EP 2105 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 291WZ UT WOS:000085763500022 ER PT J AU Waller, SG Ward, JB AF Waller, SG Ward, JB TI International medical readiness SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Waller, SG (reprint author), USAF, Dept Ophthalmol, 59th Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 164 IS 8 BP VIII EP VIII PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226RM UT WOS:000082035300003 PM 10459259 ER PT J AU Paranka, MS Yoder, BA Brehm, W AF Paranka, MS Yoder, BA Brehm, W TI Improved outcome of extremely premature infants in the 1990s SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENT NEONATAL NETWORK; BIRTH-WEIGHT OUTCOMES; SURFACTANT THERAPY; WEEKS GESTATION; HEMORRHAGE; MORBIDITY; SURVIVAL; DELIVERY AB Objective: To study the impact of new treatment modalities on premature infants, we compared the effects of surfactant and antenatal steroid use on outcome in two military medical centers. Study Design: We performed a retrospective chart review of 234 infants delivered at 22 to 26 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) at our institutions between 1986 and 1996. The patients were divided into two groups: the presurfactant group included deliveries from 1986 to 1989; and deliveries from 1990 to 1996 were in the surfactant group. Results: At 23 weeks EGA or less, there was only one survivor. At 24 weeks EGA, survival was improved in the surfactant group (46% vs. 5%; p < 0.005). Survival rates at 25 and 26 weeks EGA did not differ significantly. Combined survival at 24 to 26 weeks in the surfactant group exposed to antenatal steroids was 75% versus 44% in the presurfactant group (p = 0.02) Among survivors, the incidence of grade 3 or higher intraventricular hemorrhage was less in the surfactant group (18% vs. 42%; p = 0.038). Conclusions: Use of surfactant and antenatal steroids are associated with improved survival and decreased incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage among the most premature infants delivered in our institutions. C1 81st MDOS, Dept Pediat, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. 59th Med Wing, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78238 USA. 81st Med Grp, Clin Invest, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Paranka, MS (reprint author), 81st MDOS, Dept Pediat, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 164 IS 8 BP 568 EP 571 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226RM UT WOS:000082035300011 PM 10459267 ER PT J AU Vanden Bosch, PM Dietz, DC Simeoni, JR AF Vanden Bosch, PM Dietz, DC Simeoni, JR TI Scheduling customer arrivals to a stochastic service system SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article AB An efficient algorithm for determining the optimal arrival schedule for customers in a stochastic service system is developed. All customers arrive exactly when scheduled, and service times are modeled as lid Erlang random variables. Costs are incurred at a fixed rate per unit of time each customer waits for service, and an additional cost is incurred for every unit of time the server operates beyond a scheduled closing time. The objective is to minimize total operating cost. This type of problem arises in many operational contexts including transportation, manufacturing, and appointment-based services. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dietz, DC (reprint author), US WEST Adv Technol, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 549 EP 559 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6750(199908)46:5<549::AID-NAV6>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 11 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 218PR UT WOS:000081561400006 ER PT J AU Singh, A Cardimona, DA AF Singh, A Cardimona, DA TI Zero-bias offsets in the low-temperature dark current ef quantum-well infrared photodetectors SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE quantum wells; photodetectors; remote sensing; dark current ID PHONON INTERACTION; ELECTRON-ESCAPE; TRANSPORT; CARRIERS; DETECTOR AB Quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) have potential applicability in many remote-sensing applications, even in the space environment where low background fluxes are involved. In this environment, the detector arrays may need to be operated at temperatures lower than 77 K. At these temperatures, tunneling mechanisms such as Fowler-Nordheim and trap-assisted tunneling could dominate the dark current. The device resistance, which is bias-dependent, increases by several orders of magnitude at these temperatures and may pose a problem. We have seen offsets in the current-versus-voltage (I-V) characteristics (nonzero current at zero bias not associated with dopant migration) which could impair the compatibility of a QWIP array with a readout circuit. We propose that these offsets are due to an RC time-constant effect. We further propose that the resistance in this time constant is due to tunneling mechanisms (and not due to contact resistance), which in turn are structure- and bias-dependent. We discuss our observations and present a circuit model of a QWIP that explains these observations nearly completely. (C) 1999 society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(99)01908-X]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1424 EP 1432 DI 10.1117/1.602184 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 224JZ UT WOS:000081895900022 ER PT J AU Gavrielides, A Newell, TC Kovanis, V Harrison, RG Swanston, N Yu, DJ Lu, WP AF Gavrielides, A Newell, TC Kovanis, V Harrison, RG Swanston, N Yu, DJ Lu, WP TI Synchronous Sisyphus effect in diode lasers subject to optical feedback SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; DISTANT REFLECTORS; CHAOTIC ITINERANCY; COHERENCE COLLAPSE AB Diode lasers exposed to moderate optical feedback, when biased near threshold, exhibit low-frequency intensity fluctuations in the RF spectrum that materialize as dropout events in the intensity time series. We recorded high-quality intensity time traces and frequency spectra of these events that show a new phenomenon in which the dropout events synchronize and appear at regular time intervals. The fine structure of the individual dropouts is recorded with an ultrafast digitizer that reveals the presence of fast oscillations occurring in the picosecond range. Numerical work based on the single-mode single-delay Lang and Kobayashi rate equations shows a locked state consisting of sharp intensity pulses that are slowly modulated and locked to an extraordinarily regular pattern. [S1050-2947(99)01608-X]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Phys, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Gavrielides, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 1999 VL 60 IS 2 BP 1577 EP 1581 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.1577 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 227BU UT WOS:000082058900102 ER PT J AU Kruger, RM Moon, CH AF Kruger, RM Moon, CH TI Can you spot the signs of elder mistreatment? SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ABUSE; NEGLECT AB Mistreatment of the elderly is a growing problem that affects all segments of society, regardless of socioeconomic status, living environment, or physical or cognitive status. Its scope extends beyond the stereotype of a bruised and battered older person to include elderly victims of psychological or emotional harm, caregiver neglect or self-neglect, sexual abuse, exploitation, and fraudulent diversion of property.(1,3,7) Awareness of characteristic risk factors and physical findings can raise suspicion of mistreatment and prompt an in-depth, multidisciplinary assessment. Most states require notification of Adult Protective Services or a corresponding state agency when mistreatment is suspected. Once mistreatment is identified and the patient's safety is ensured, prompt intervention to manage risk factors or to decrease caregiver stress often can have a positive impact on the situation. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. RP Kruger, RM (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, MDOS MMIM 759, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 106 IS 2 BP 169 EP + PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 225NK UT WOS:000081967500016 PM 10456049 ER PT J AU Dupont, PE Schulteis, TM Millman, PA Howe, RD AF Dupont, PE Schulteis, TM Millman, PA Howe, RD TI Automatic identification of environment haptic properties SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINTS; RECOGNITION; MODELS AB Many applications can be imagined for a system that processes sensory information collected during telemanipulation tasks in order to automatically identify properties of the remote environment. These applications include generating model-based simulations for training operators in critical procedures and improving real-time performance in unstructured environments or when time delays are large. This paper explores the research issues involved in developing such an identification system, focusing on properties that can be identified from remote manipulator motion and force data. As a case study, a simple block-stacking task, performed with a teleoperated two-fingered planar hand, is considered. An algorithm is presented that automatically segments the data collected during the task, given only a general description of the temporal sequence of task events. Using the segmented data, the algorithm then successfully estimates the weight, width, height, and coefficient of friction of the two blocks handled during the task. This data is used to calibrate a virtual model incorporating visual and haptic feedback. This case study highlights the broader research issues that must be addressed in automatic property identification. C1 Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. San Antonio Air Logist Ctr, Kelly AFB, TX 78241 USA. Comp Mot Inc, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dupont, PE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. OI Dupont, Pierre/0000-0001-7294-640X NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 8 IS 4 BP 394 EP 411 DI 10.1162/105474699566305 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 246NE UT WOS:000083169200002 ER PT J AU Wilson, GF Lambert, J AF Wilson, GF Lambert, J TI Physiological effects of varied mental workload in pilots during flight SO PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0048-5772 J9 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY JI Psychophysiology PD AUG PY 1999 VL 36 SU 1 BP S126 EP S126 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 222QZ UT WOS:000081797400498 ER PT J AU Tabib-Azar, M Akinwande, D Ponchak, G LeClair, SR AF Tabib-Azar, M Akinwande, D Ponchak, G LeClair, SR TI Novel physical sensors using evanescent microwave probes SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID TRANSDUCER AB Local probes, such as electron and photon tunneling, atomic force, and capacitance probes, are excellent sensing means for displacement and other related sensors. Here we introduce applications of a new local probe using evanescent microwave probe (EMP) in displacement sensing with a very high vertical spatial resolution (0.01 mu m at 1 GHz), very high bandwidth (100 MHz), and stability. The EMP has been used in the characterization and mapping of the microwave properties of a variety of materials in the past and its application in gas sensing and thermography was recently explored and reported. The interesting feature of the EMP is that its characteristics can be easily altered for a specific sensing application by changing its geometry and frequency of operation. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)04308-7]. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tabib-Azar, M (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 70 IS 8 BP 3381 EP 3386 DI 10.1063/1.1149923 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 221HE UT WOS:000081720900032 ER PT J AU Tabib-Azar, M Ciocan, R Ponchak, G LeClair, SR AF Tabib-Azar, M Ciocan, R Ponchak, G LeClair, SR TI Transient thermography using evanescent microwave microscope SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Very high spatial resolution thermography is of great importance in electronics, biology, and in many other situations where local variations in temperature are needed to study heat dissipation or to monitor metabolism rate which can be directly related to the heat production. Infrared imaging techniques probably are the best way of obtaining thermal maps of large structures. However, the spatial resolution of infrared imaging techniques is limited to a few 100 mu m and their temperature resolution is usually around 0.1 K. Here we report on a new evanescent microwave method that is capable of mapping temperature distributions with approximate to 1 mu m spatial resolution. The temperature sensitivity of this probe was better than 0.1 V/K with a minimum detectable signal of 0.01 K with a response time faster than 1 mu s. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)01308-8]. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tabib-Azar, M (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 70 IS 8 BP 3387 EP 3390 DI 10.1063/1.1149924 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 221HE UT WOS:000081720900033 ER PT J AU Schuermeyer, F Zampardi, PJ Asbeck, PM AF Schuermeyer, F Zampardi, PJ Asbeck, PM TI Photoemission studies on heterostructure bipolar transistors SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Heterostructure Microelectronics CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 1998 CL HAYAMA MACHI, JAPAN ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS AB We apply in-situ photoemission techniques to characterize the band profile in heterostructure bipolar transistors, The measurements are performed on-wafer on fully fabricated InP based HBTs at room temperature. We demonstrate that this technique is sensitive to detect and analyze barriers between emitter and base as well as between base and collector. Furthermore, the photoresponse provides information on the doping characteristics of the active layers. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, AFRL, SNDD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Rockwell Sci Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept ECE 0407, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Schuermeyer, F (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, SNDD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1555 EP 1560 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(99)00103-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 240KN UT WOS:000082825300035 ER PT J AU Schwartz, G Shaughnessy, P Aleman-Leal, L Osswald, M AF Schwartz, G Shaughnessy, P Aleman-Leal, L Osswald, M TI Factor VII inhibitor: A case report and review of the literature SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 43, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD AUG PY 1999 SU S MA 949 BP 302 EP 302 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 290FP UT WOS:000085665900948 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL Matthews, EJ Heron, EA Doe, RH Brey, RL Clauw, DJ Harris, MD AF McGlasson, DL Matthews, EJ Heron, EA Doe, RH Brey, RL Clauw, DJ Harris, MD TI The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in Gulf War veterans evaluated at Wilford Hall Medical Center SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 43, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD AUG PY 1999 SU S MA 969 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 290FP UT WOS:000085665900968 ER PT J AU Haverluk, TW AF Haverluk, TW TI Culture across borders: Mexican immigration and popular culture. SO URBAN GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Haverluk, TW (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0272-3638 J9 URBAN GEOGR JI Urban Geogr. PD AUG-SEP PY 1999 VL 20 IS 6 BP 587 EP 588 PG 2 WC Geography; Urban Studies SC Geography; Urban Studies GA 266PK UT WOS:000084308200011 ER PT J AU Miller, RC Crisp, CA AF Miller, RC Crisp, CA TI The first operational tornado forecast - Twenty million to one - Prologue SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Miller, RC (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 14 IS 4 BP 479 EP 483 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1999)014<0479:TFOTFT>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 228CX UT WOS:000082120300002 ER PT J AU Yee, HC Torczynski, JR Morton, SA Visbal, MR Sweby, PK AF Yee, HC Torczynski, JR Morton, SA Visbal, MR Sweby, PK TI On spurious behavior of CFD simulations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; numerical simulation; spurious behavior ID STATE NUMERICAL-SOLUTIONS; NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; BACKWARD-FACING STEP; REACTION-CONVECTION EQUATIONS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; GLOBAL ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; ERROR CONTROL; 2-DIMENSIONAL FLOW; SOURCE TERMS; STABILITY AB Spurious behavior in underresolved grids and/or semi-implicit temporal discretizations for four computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are studied. The numerical simulations consist of (a) a 1-D chemically relaxed non-equilibrium flow model, (b) the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of 2D incompressible flow over a backward facing step, (c) a loosely coupled approach for a 2D fluid-structure interaction, and (d) a 3D unsteady compressible flow simulation of vortex breakdown on delta wings. These examples were chosen based on their non-apparent spurious behaviors that were difficult to detect without extensive grid and/or temporal refinement studies and without some knowledge from dynamical systems theory. Studies revealed the various possible dangers of misinterpreting numerical simulation of realistic complex flows that are constrained by available computing power. In large scale computations, underresolved grids, semi-implicit procedures, loosely coupled implicit procedures, and insufficiently long-time integration in DNS are most often unavoidable. Consequently, care must be taken in both computation and in interpretation of the numerical data. The results presented confirm the important role that dynamical systems theory can play in the understanding of the non-linear behavior of numerical algorithms and in aiding the identification of the sources of numerical uncertainties in CFD. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USAF, Wright Lab, CFD Res Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Reading, Dept Math, Reading RG6 2AX, Berks, England. RP Yee, HC (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JUL 30 PY 1999 VL 30 IS 6 BP 675 EP 711 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0363(19990730)30:6<675::AID-FLD857>3.0.CO;2-V PG 37 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 220TQ UT WOS:000081683900004 ER PT J AU Manasreh, MO Ballet, P Smathers, JB Salamo, GJ Jagadish, C AF Manasreh, MO Ballet, P Smathers, JB Salamo, GJ Jagadish, C TI Proton irradiation effects on the intersubband transition in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells with bulk or superlattice barriers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The optical absorption spectra, measured at either 77 or 300 K, of the intersubband transition in Si-doped GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells were studied before and after 1 MeV proton irradiation. The intersubband transition in samples with superlattice barriers was completely washed out after irradiation with doses as low as 1.0x10(14) cm(-2). The total integrated areas of the intersubband transitions were studied as a function of doses. It was observed that the intersubband transitions in samples with superlattice barriers degrade at a faster rate as compared to those transitions in samples with bulk barriers. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03730-4]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Manasreh, MO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 426, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 26 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 4 BP 525 EP 527 DI 10.1063/1.124436 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 218UK UT WOS:000081570400030 ER PT J AU Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN AF Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN TI Local acoustic shock velocity and shock structure recovery measurements in glow discharges SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE shock waves; nonequilibrium plasmas ID WAVES AB Simultaneous local acoustic shock wave velocity measurements show that the upstream velocity exceeds the downstream velocity inside a low pressure positive column nitrogen plasma in contrast to the opposite behavior in neutral gas. The shock velocity increase is also dependent on the direction of the applied electric field. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ganguly, BN (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 26 PY 1999 VL 258 IS 4-6 BP 342 EP 348 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(99)00386-2 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 225NW UT WOS:000081968500023 ER PT J AU Michalek, JE Tripathi, RC AF Michalek, JE Tripathi, RC TI Pharmacokinetics of tcdd in veterans of operation ranch hand: 15-year follow-up SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID INDEXES; BIAS AB Using multiple measurements from serum collected over 15 yr (in 1982, 1987, 1992, and 1997), the half-life of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in 97 veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the Air Force unit responsible for the aerial spraying of Agent Orange in Vietnam, was estimated. The potential influences of age, percent body fat, and changes in percent body fat on the half-life estimate were also examined. The elimination rate of TCDD for these veterans was 0.0915 per year with 95% confidence interval 0.0844 to 0.0986 per year; the corresponding half-life estimate was 7.6 yr with 95% confidence interval 7.0 to 8.2 yr. The elimination rate decreased significantly with increasing body fat, but not with age or relative changes in percent body fat. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEDB, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEDB, 2606 Doolittle Rd,Bldg 807, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM joel.michalek@afhs.brooks.af.mil NR 10 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 EI 1087-2620 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUL 23 PY 1999 VL 57 IS 6 BP 369 EP 378 DI 10.1080/009841099157584 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 216HH UT WOS:000081435900001 PM 10478820 ER PT J AU Feher, FJ Wyndham, KD Baldwin, RK Soulivong, D Lichtenhan, JD Ziller, JW AF Feher, FJ Wyndham, KD Baldwin, RK Soulivong, D Lichtenhan, JD Ziller, JW TI Methods for effecting monofunctionalization of (CH2 = CH)(8)Si8O12 SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SILSESQUIOXANES; FRAMEWORKS; POLYMERS AB A new method is described for effecting selective monofunctionalization of CH2=CH)(8)Si8O12 2: reaction of 2 with triflic acid (TfOH) produces (TfOCH2CH2)(CH2=CH)(7)Si8O12 3, which reacts with nucleophiles (e.g. H2O or 2-mercaptopyridine) to produce (XCH2CH2)-(CH2=CH)(7)Si8O12 (4 X = OH, 5 X = SC5H4N); acylation of 4 with p-O2NC6H4COCl affords (p-O2NC6H4CO2CH2CH2)(CH2=CH)(7)Si8O12 6; catalytic hydrogenation of 4 affords (HOCH2CH2) Et7Si8O12 7. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Hybrid Plast Inc, Fountain Valley, CA 92708 USA. RP Feher, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. OI Wyndham, Kevin/0000-0001-9737-097X NR 17 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD JUL 21 PY 1999 IS 14 BP 1289 EP 1290 DI 10.1039/a901308c PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 232YU UT WOS:000082398800010 ER PT J AU Niday, TA Weeks, DE AF Niday, TA Weeks, DE TI Scattering matrix elements for the fine structure transition B(P-2(1/2))+H-2(j=0)<-> B(P-2(3/2))+H-2(j=0) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR COLLISION PROCESSES; TIME-DEPENDENT FORMULATION; REACTIVE SCATTERING; C+; EXCITATION; COMPLEXES; HYDROGEN; F(P-2); STATES; ATOMS AB Scattering matrix elements for the fine structure transition B(P-2(1/2)) + H-2(j = 0) < - > B(P-2(3/2)) + H-2(j = 0) are computed using a new application of the time dependent Channel Packet Method adapted for use with coupled potential energy surfaces. Using this approach, reactant and product channel packets are first prepared in the asymptotic limit on the P-2(1/2) and P-2(3/2) electronic surfaces. The channel packets are then propagated in time using the split operator method extended to include a unitary transformation between the diabatic and adiabatic representations. Scattering matrix elements are computed from the Fourier transform of the correlation function between the evolving channel packets. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weeks, DE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 1999 VL 308 IS 1-2 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00573-4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 218KN UT WOS:000081551900016 ER PT J AU Bechel, VT Sottos, NR AF Bechel, VT Sottos, NR TI High temperature fiber pushout of pristine and transversely fatigued SiC/Ti-6-4 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MECHANICS; PULLOUT; TESTS AB An experiment was designed and constructed to perform fiber pushout tests at elevated temperatures in a controlled environment. Preliminary pushout tests on both a pristine and a transversely fatigued SiC/Ti-6-4 composite were conducted in atmospheric conditions to assess the capabilities of this apparatus and to study the interfacial behavior of SiC/Ti-6-4 at elevated temperature. At room temperature, the force-displacement behavior for the two types of samples was similar. The frictional portion of the load-displacement curve following total debond indicated that the interface could carry a greater load due to increasing friction and interlocking of the fiber and matrix surfaces. At 400 degrees C, significant changes in the load-displacement pushout curves were observed. At this elevated temperature, the interfacial friction produced by radial clamping was significantly reduced due to the relaxation of residual stresses, and significantly lower forces were required for pushout. The peak load for pushout of the fatigued samples at 400 degrees C was almost negligible, indicating that the fiber-matrix bond was broken by the fatigue loading. Due to varying compliance in the test fixture, it was not possible to identify progressive debonding. (C) 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 AFRL, MLBC, Struct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Bechel, VT (reprint author), AFRL, MLBC, Struct Mat Branch, 2941 P St,Rm 136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 34 IS 14 BP 3471 EP 3478 DI 10.1023/A:1004657804853 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 217WC UT WOS:000081521100023 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Litton, CW Cantwell, G Harsch, WC AF Reynolds, DC Look, DC Jogai, B Litton, CW Cantwell, G Harsch, WC TI Valence-band ordering in ZnO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALS AB The emission and reflection spectra of ZnO have been investigated in the intrinsic region and the data have been interpreted in terms of the wurtzite crystal band structure. Free-exciton emission is observed for the first time. Both the Gamma(5) and Gamma(6) state excitons associated with top valence band have been identified. This identification has established the valence-band symmetry ordering in ZnO. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Eagle Picher Ind Inc, Miami, OK 74354 USA. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 13 TC 368 Z9 370 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 2340 EP 2344 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.2340 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 223HA UT WOS:000081834400035 ER PT J AU Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Morgan, JT Malas, JC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK AF Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Morgan, JT Malas, JC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK TI Hot deformation mechanisms in ELI grade Ti-6Al-4V SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ti-6Al-4V; hot working; microstructure; mechanisms C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat Proc Design Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seshacharyulu, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat Proc Design Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 63 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL 9 PY 1999 VL 41 IS 3 BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00163-3 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 223MQ UT WOS:000081845200009 ER PT J AU Veeck, S Mendiratta, M Evans, D AF Veeck, S Mendiratta, M Evans, D TI Cast and HIPed Ti-62222S alloy SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB From a castability and processing standpoint, Ti-62222S (Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Mo-2Cr+Si) alloy is comparable to Ti-6242 in alpha case formation, chemical milling response, and weldability. C1 Howmet Res Corp, Operhall Res Ctr, Whitehall, MI 49461 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Veeck, S (reprint author), Howmet Res Corp, Operhall Res Ctr, 1500 S Warner St, Whitehall, MI 49461 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0026-0665 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 156 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 213VW UT WOS:000081294800006 ER PT J AU Canfield, RA AF Canfield, RA TI Comment on "Improved first-order approximation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors" SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Canfield, RA (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RI Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 37 IS 7 BP 900 EP 900 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 212DM UT WOS:000081201600016 ER PT J AU Miller, MD Olszewski, AD AF Miller, MD Olszewski, AD TI The appearance of roofplasties on lateral hyperextension radiographs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; TIBIAL TUNNEL PLACEMENT; INTERCONDYLAR ROOF; GRAFT IMPINGEMENT; RECONSTRUCTION; EXTENSION AB Graft impingement by the roof of the intercondylar notch has recently been implicated as a cause of failure after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Posterior tibial tunnel placement and roofplasties have been advocated to reduce the incidence of graft-roof impingement. Based on our earlier work in this area, we were concerned that lateral hyperextension radiographs, as advocated by Howell and associates to evaluate impingement, did not accurately reflect the extent of roofplasty accomplished intraoperatively, We hypothesized that these radiographs suggested that the grafts were moderately impinged, when, in fact, they were impingement-free. In a cadaver model, we compared radiographs made before and after roofplasty to determine whether there were any resultant changes in the appearance of the intercondylar roof, We found no detectable difference in 70% (14 of 20) of specimens. A second, subtle line superior to the intercondylar line appeared on radiographs in 30% of the specimens. We concluded that postoperative lateral radiographs may fail to show the effect of a roofplasty and can lead to the overdiagnosis of graft-roof impingement. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), 112 Charles Rd, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 27 IS 4 BP 513 EP 516 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 218NE UT WOS:000081558000017 PM 10424223 ER PT J AU Muller, R Fredell, R Guijt, C Dally, J AF Muller, R Fredell, R Guijt, C Dally, J TI Experimental verification of Rose's constant K solution in bonded crack patching SO APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE aging aircraft; bonded repair; crack patching; damage tolerance; Rose model; stress intensity factor K AB Bonded composite patches have been used for two decades to extend the lives of fatigue-damaged F-16, F-111, B-1B, C-141B, and many other aircraft. One of the key features of the technology is extremely slow crack growth under the bonded repair. Researchers have performed hundreds of experiments on repaired cracked panels, and have reported near-constant crack growth rates for a variety of relatively thin sheet (t < 3 mm or 0.125 inch) configurations and constant amplitude load cases. Constant crack growth rates rely on the existence of a constant crack tip cyclic stress intensity factor, Delta K, underneath the patch. The paper describes the results of experimental stress analyses carried out on cracked aluminum panels with bonded composite patch repairs. Experimental strain gage and photoelastic measurements of K underneath a bonded repair validated Westergaard's analytical stress field description. These measurements, combined with fatigue crack growth studies, have verified that a constant K condition (predicted by L. R. F. Rose) indeed exists for cracks under bonded repairs. For the configuration tested, this held true while the crack size was less than roughly 80% of the repair width. These results are key to providing accurate predictions of crack growth rates and subsequent nondestructive inspection intervals in service. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-189X J9 APPL COMPOS MATER JI Appl. Compos. Mater. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 6 IS 4 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1023/A:1008853712561 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 223GV UT WOS:000081833700002 ER PT J AU Muller, R Fredell, R AF Muller, R Fredell, R TI Analysis of multiple bonded patch interaction simple design guidelines for multiple bonded repairs in close proximity SO APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE fatigue; bonded repair; bending; load attraction; multiple repairs AB The use of bonded composite patches to extend the life of aging metal airframes continues to grow as air forces and airline companies operate larger fleets beyond their original design lives. The crack-slowing power of bonded composite patches is well-known; often the process can be accomplished at a few percent of the cost of replacing the damaged component. However, care must be taken in the design of repairs to multiple site fatigue and corrosion damage so the repairs in close proximity do not create additional structural problems by inducing high stresses into the area of the repair. The current paper discusses recent modeling efforts to quantify the effects of multiple bonded composite patches in close proximity. It is well-established that a single structural repair attracts load into the locally stiffened area around the patch; further, single-sided repairs induce significant bending in the skin. The paper addresses the situation when two or more structural repairs occur near each other, and illustrates with simple design rules the acceptable practices for this case. C1 USAF Acad, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-189X J9 APPL COMPOS MATER JI Appl. Compos. Mater. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 6 IS 4 BP 217 EP 237 DI 10.1023/A:1008869910744 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 223GV UT WOS:000081833700003 ER PT J AU Fredell, R Guijt, C Mazza, J AF Fredell, R Guijt, C Mazza, J TI An integrated bonded repair system: A reliable means of giving new life to aging airframes SO APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE aging aircraft; bonded repair; fatigue AB The application of bonded composite repairs to restore cracked or corroded metallic airframes has seen rapid expansion recently, following twenty years of technology development. However, the lack of standardized bonded repair methods and certification concepts impedes wider application of the technique. Existing bonded repair technologies are maturing rapidly, but several specialities (design and analysis, surface preparation, installation, inspection, training and certification) must be integrated into a seamless package before civil and military airworthiness authorities will embrace bonded 'crack patching.' This paper outlines efforts by the United States Air Force to develop an integrated system to allow aircraft maintenance engineers to cover the complete life cycle of a bonded repair. The successful construction of this integrated system will speed the widespread acceptance of the technology and help to assure the continued airworthiness of the aging aircraft fleet. C1 European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, London, England. USAF Acad, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Syst Support Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-189X J9 APPL COMPOS MATER JI Appl. Compos. Mater. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 6 IS 4 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1023/A:1008897528491 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 223GV UT WOS:000081833700006 ER PT J AU Olivere, JW Cina, SJ Rastogi, P Ro, JY AF Olivere, JW Cina, SJ Rastogi, P Ro, JY TI Collecting duct meningeal carcinomatosis SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LEPTOMENINGEAL CARCINOMATOSIS; ATYPICAL CARCINOMA; KIDNEY; EPITHELIUM AB Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is an aggressive primary renal neoplasm that represents a distinct subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Histochemical (eg, mucicarmine) and immunohistochemical leg, Ulex europaeus) studies, taken in concert with the gross and histologic findings, allow differentiation of CDC from the conventional varieties of renal cell carcinoma in most cases. Collecting duct carcinoma generally pursues a more aggressive course than conventional renal cell carcinoma. Metastases to regional lymph nodes, bone, adrenal glands, lung and skin have been reported in CDC. We describe the case of a 26-year-old man who presented with a clinical and radiologic impression of multifocal meningioma. Biopsies of the meninges and extracranial soft tissues revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma; subsequent studies suggested metastatic CDC. Ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed an a subsequently identified renal mass, which showed features consistent with CDC. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of meningeal carcinomatosis due to CDC. The diagnostic features of this tumor are discussed. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Olivere, JW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 123 IS 7 BP 638 EP 641 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 212FQ UT WOS:000081207000019 PM 10388924 ER PT J AU Willett, JC Davis, DA Laroche, P AF Willett, JC Davis, DA Laroche, P TI An experimental study of positive leaders initiating rocket-triggered lightning SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE experimental; positive leader; rocket-triggered lightning ID ELECTRIC-FIELD UNDERNEATH; VHF RADIO PICTURES; MULTILEVEL MEASUREMENT; THUNDERSTORMS; AIRCRAFT; AIR; THUNDERCLOUD; PROPAGATION; DISCHARGES; STREAMER AB Simultaneous, co-located measurements of ambient, electrostatic-field profiles and rocket-triggered lightning phenomenology beneath Florida thunderstorms are reported. Ambient-field conditions that are sufficient to initiate and sustain the propagation of positive lightning leaders are identified. It is found that lightning can be triggered with grounded triggering wires approximately 400 m long when the ambient fields aloft are as small as 13 kV/m (foul-weather polarity). Ambient potential differences between the height of the triggering wires and ground were as small as -3.6 MV (negative wrt. earth) when lightning occurred. 'Precursors,' the first measurable current pulses from the triggering wires, were initiated at similar fields aloft but at wire heights only about half as large, where ambient potentials were as small as - 1.3 MV. The mean speed of one 'failed leader' is estimated at 1.9 X 10(4) m/s over 35 m of propagation. The lengths of 'leader' extension and positive-streamer 'fan' during individual impulses of multiple-pulse precursors are estimated to be 0.7 and 2.0 m, respectively. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Battlespace Environm Div, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Willett, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Battlespace Environm Div, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 50 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 51 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(99)00008-3 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 221QE UT WOS:000081737100003 ER PT J AU Burton, RR Travis, TW AF Burton, RR Travis, TW TI Prevention of minor neck injuries in f-16 pilots SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Natl Def Univ, Ft NcNair, DC USA. RP Burton, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 70 IS 7 BP 720 EP 720 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 211AL UT WOS:000081137700015 PM 10417014 ER PT J AU Grice, GK Trapp, RJ Corfidi, SF Davies-Jones, R Buonanno, CC Craven, JP Droegemeier, KK Duchon, C Houghton, JV Prentice, RA Romine, G Schlachter, K Wagner, KK AF Grice, GK Trapp, RJ Corfidi, SF Davies-Jones, R Buonanno, CC Craven, JP Droegemeier, KK Duchon, C Houghton, JV Prentice, RA Romine, G Schlachter, K Wagner, KK TI The golden anniversary celebration of the first tornado forecast SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr,Forecast Off, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NOAA, ERL, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. 72nd Operat Support Squadron Operat Support Weath, Tinker AFB, OK USA. Fed Aviat Adm Acad, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Corfidi, SF (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr,Forecast Off, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 80 IS 7 BP 1341 EP 1348 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<1341:TGACOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 221LG UT WOS:000081728100001 ER PT J AU Panda, B Giordano, J AF Panda, B Giordano, J TI Defensive information warfare - Introduction SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Def Informat Warfare Branch, Rome, NY USA. RP Panda, B (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUL PY 1999 VL 42 IS 7 BP 30 EP 32 DI 10.1145/306549.306559 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 211EJ UT WOS:000081146700012 ER PT J AU Durst, R Champion, T Witten, B Miller, E Spagnuolo, L AF Durst, R Champion, T Witten, B Miller, E Spagnuolo, L TI Testing and evaluating computer intrusion detection systems SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 SenCom Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. USAF, Res Lab, INFOSEC Technol Off, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Durst, R (reprint author), SenCom Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. NR 1 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUL PY 1999 VL 42 IS 7 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1145/306549.306571 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 211EJ UT WOS:000081146700016 ER PT J AU Schubbe, JJ Mall, S AF Schubbe, JJ Mall, S TI Modeling of cracked thick metallic structure with bonded composite patch repair using three-layer technique SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM PANELS; GROWTH; PLATE AB A finite element analysis involving three-layers of two-dimensional Mindlin plate elements, to model cracked plate, adhesive, and composite patch, was developed to characterize fatigue crack growth behavior of a thick metallic panel repaired with an adhesively bonded composite patch. Also, fatigue experiments were conducted with 6.35 mm thick specimens with a pre-crack repaired asymmetrically with adhesively bonded unidirectional boron/epoxy patch. Fatigue crack growth rates on the unpatched and patched faces (PF) were measured along with debond of the composite patch. Stress intensity factors obtained from the analysis were combined with the fatigue crack growth relationship for the unrepaired cracked material to obtain the analytical fatigue crack growth rates. The experimental and analytical fatigue crack growth rates on the unpatched face (UPF) were in a good agreement with each other when the proper consideration of the effective crack length and debond were incorporated in the analysis. Thus, the three-layer technique was found to be capable of characterizing the fatigue crack growth behavior of the repaired thick panels as in the case of repaired thin panels shown in the previous studies. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFIT ENY, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 45 IS 3 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0263-8223(99)00025-2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 209VL UT WOS:000081069700003 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Redinbaugh, M Blood, M Horton, WH Asay, KH AF Jensen, KB Redinbaugh, M Blood, M Horton, WH Asay, KH TI Natural hybrids of Elymus elymoides x Leymus salinus subsp salmonis (Poaceae : Triticeae) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENY; AMBIGUUS AB Several putative hybrids between Elymus elymoides (Rafin,) Sweezey and Leymus salinus (M.E. Jones) A, Love subsp, salmonis (C, Hitchc,) Atkins were found growing on the west side of the Great Salt Lake, near Lakeside, UT in 1995. Naturally occurring hybrids between these two species have not been documented previously. Cytological, morphological, and chloroplast DNA analysis of the hybrids and parents confirmed the hypothesis that these plants were hybrids of the two species. Elymus elymoides and L. salinus subsp. salmonis were the only Triticeae species growing in the area that could have contributed to the intermediate morphological features expressed in the hybrids, Leymus salinus subsp, salmonis (NsNsXmXm; 2n = 4x = 28) and E. elymoides (StStHH; 2n = 4x = 28) are allotetraploids that regularly formed 14 bivalents at metaphase I (MI). The hybrids between the two species are also tetraploids and averaged 22.1 univalents and 2.86 bivalent associations per cell at MI. Chromosome pairing in the hybrids suggests essentially no homology between the chromosomes from the two parents; thus the genomic formula for the hybrid can be written as StHNsXm. The hybrids were morphologically intermediate between the suspected parent species, but they resembled L. salinus subsp, salmonis more closely than E. elymoides, Analysis of chloroplast DNA in the hybrid and its putative parents, demonstrates cytoplasmic DNA identical to E. elymoides, suggesting that E. elymoides was the maternal parent. Complete sterility and reduction in chromosome pairing in the natural hybrids between E. elymoides and L. salinus subsp, salmonis suggest that the potential for genetic exchange between the two species is limited or lacking, Due to hybrid sterility, the natural hybrid will have little impact on the native vegetation of the western deserts of Utah and, without restored fertility, has no potential as a restoration grass on semiarid range sites. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USAF, Nat Resources Grp, Ogden, UT 84056 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 39 IS 4 BP 976 EP 982 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 217TU UT WOS:000081515700004 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Cataldo, PA AF Smith, DL Cataldo, PA TI Perianal lymphoma in a heterosexual and nonimmunocompromised patient - Report of a case and review of the literature SO DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM LA English DT Article DE perianal; anorectal; lymphoma; heterosexual; nonimmuncompromised ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; GASTROINTESTINAL LYMPHOMA; MANIFESTATION AB PURPOSE: This study tvas conducted to report a rare case of anorectal pathology. METHODS: We report a case of perianal lymphoma in a nonimmunocompromised, heterosexual patient and review the literature. RESULTS: A 67-year-old white male was found to have an ulcerated posterior anal mass. Biopsy revealed large cell lymphoma, B cell type, immunoblastic. There was no disseminated disease. The patient denied any homosexual activity and was HIV negative. There was complete resolution with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), and he remained disease free for six years. CONCLUSIONS: Rare anorectal pathology may mimic common conditions. Biopsies should be taken to rule out malignancy. C1 USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Colon & Rectal Surg, Dayton, OH USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Surg, S Burlington, VT USA. RP Cataldo, PA (reprint author), 3 Timberlane, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0012-3706 J9 DIS COLON RECTUM JI Dis. Colon Rectum PD JUL PY 1999 VL 42 IS 7 BP 952 EP 954 DI 10.1007/BF02237108 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 215DD UT WOS:000081365900024 PM 10411444 ER PT J AU Higby, K Suiter, CR AF Higby, K Suiter, CR TI A risk-benefit assessment of therapies for premature labour SO DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Review ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; OXYTOCIN ANTAGONIST ATOSIBAN; IDIOPATHIC PRETERM LABOR; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHETASE INHIBITOR; ADJUNCTIVE ANTIBIOTIC-TREATMENT; MATERNAL INDOMETHACIN THERAPY; PERSISTENT DUCTUS-ARTERIOSUS; RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE TRIAL; TOCOLYTIC MAGNESIUM-SULFATE AB Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, yet the incidence of preterm birth has not declined despite the use of multiple pharmacological agents to treat preterm labour. After reviewing the literature we conclude the following. beta-Agonists have been shown to prolong gestation for 24 to 48 hours; however, these agents have not been shown to decrease neonatal morbidity or mortality. Adverse effects are inevitable and can be life-threatening. There are no proven benefits to mother or fetus with long term therapy. More data are needed regarding the tolerability and efficacy of calcium antagonists before routine clinical use can be recommended. Oxytocin antagonists should be considered investigational drugs and further studies are needed to evaluate their effectiveness in the treatment of preterm labour. Furthermore, the tolerability of oxytocin antagonists in both mother and fetus has not been adequately established. Indomethacin, a prostaglandin inhibitor, has been shown to delay delivery in a limited number of randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials. Sulindac appears promising but has never been evaluated in a well controlled trial. Neonatal adverse effects appear to be minimal with prostaglandin inhibitors as long as the duration of treatment is short (<48 to 72 hours) and the gestational age is <32 weeks. Magnesium sulfate appears to inhibit myometrial contractility but is ineffective at prolonging gestation or preventing preterm birth. Furthermore, magnesium has not been shown to decrease neonatal morbidity or mortality; in fact, some investigators have shown an increase in infant mortality with this agent. There are no data to support adjunctive antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of preterm labour. Oral maintenance therapy with any of these tocolytic agents has not been shown to decrease the rate of preterm birth or recurrent preterm labour. C1 San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Higby, K (reprint author), 59th MDW MNO, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 243 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0114-5916 J9 DRUG SAFETY JI Drug Saf. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 21 IS 1 BP 35 EP 56 DI 10.2165/00002018-199921010-00004 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 216CV UT WOS:000081424300004 PM 10433352 ER PT J AU Gogineni, S Visbal, M Shih, C AF Gogineni, S Visbal, M Shih, C TI Phase-resolved PIV measurements in a transitional plane wall jet: a numerical comparison SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PITCHING AIRFOIL; FLOW; EQUATIONS AB The transitional process of a forced plane wall jet is studied both experimentally and numerically. Experimentally, particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and laser-sheet/smoke flow-visualization techniques are implemented to provide an overall understanding of the flow features. Numerically, time-accurate computational results are obtained by solving the two-dimensional, unsteady Navier-Stokes equations. Comparison of PIV data and two-dimensional computed results shows excellent agreement in the early stages of transition, demonstrating that the numerical study can be used to complement the experimental one. The results show that; under the influence of external excitation, linear-instability growth is bypassed and a discrete shear-layer vortex is formed in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle exit. This vortex interacts with the boundary-layer vorticity, leading to the formation of another vortex in the inner layer. These two vortices form a vortex couple that for high forcing convects downstream in a stable manner. By adoption of either a no-slip or a slip boundary condition in the numerical computation, it is determined that the flow development is relatively insensitive to the imposed wall-boundary condition. This seems to suggest that the physical mechanism leading to the formation of the boundary-layer vortex is an inviscid rotational one. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Coll Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Gogineni, S (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JUL PY 1999 VL 27 IS 2 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s003480050337 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 220HL UT WOS:000081659100003 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Thompson, MY Ray, S Butler, RC AF Kim, JH Thompson, MY Ray, S Butler, RC TI A simple multicast configuration with classical IP over ATM: Performance comparison with FDDI and ATM LAN emulation SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ATM; battlespace simulation.classical IP; FDDI; LAN emulation; multicast AB An integrated battlespace simulation, consisting of an off-board sensor, an airborne (CI)-I-4 platform, and a fighter aircraft, was performed over an ATM OC-3 backbone network interconnecting multiple, disparate processing platforms (i.e., SUN Sparc-20's, DEC Alpha-500/600's, and SGI Onyx-1/Onyx-2), A multicast capability is required to run a realistic battlespace simulation program over ATM network. However, it is not supported by the existing protocols (e.g., classical Internet protocol (TP) over ATM), A simple solution that addresses the ATM classical TP multicast problem is described in this letter. The network and application performance of ATM classical IP is then compared with that of FDDI and LAN emulation. C1 Boeing Informat, Phantom Works, Space & Def Syst, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Boeing Informat, Phantom Works, Space & Def Syst, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1089-7798 J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT JI IEEE Commun. Lett. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 3 IS 7 BP 217 EP 219 DI 10.1109/4234.775259 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 218RY UT WOS:000081566500009 ER PT J AU Mohseni, H Wojkowski, J Razeghi, M Brown, G Mitchel, W AF Mohseni, H Wojkowski, J Razeghi, M Brown, G Mitchel, W TI Uncooled InAs-GaSb type-II infrared detectors grown on GaAs substrates for the 8-12-mu m atmospheric window SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE infrared detectors; photodetectors; semiconductor devices; semiconductor growth; superlattices ID INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICE; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; PERFORMANCE; PHOTODIODES AB We report on the growth and characterization of type-e infrared detectors with an InAs-GaSb superlattice active layer for the 8-12-mu m atmospheric window at 300 K, The material was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on semi-insulating GaAs substrates. Photoconductive detectors fabricated from the superlattices showed 80% cutoff at about 12 mu m at room temperature. The responsivity of the device is about 2 mA/W with a 1-V bias (E = 5 V/cm) and the maximum measured detectivity of the device is 1.3 x 10(8) cm.Hz(1/2)/W at 11 mu m at room temperature. The detector shows very weak temperature sensitivity. Also, the extracted effective carrier lifetime, tau = 26 ns, is an order of magnitude longer than the carrier lifetime in HgCdTe with similar bandgap and carrier concentration. C1 Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mohseni, H (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Mohseni, Hooman/B-7253-2009; Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 15 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1041 EP 1044 DI 10.1109/3.772173 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 211NK UT WOS:000081167000006 ER PT J AU Liu, HL Matson, CL Lau, K Mapakshi, RR AF Liu, HL Matson, CL Lau, K Mapakshi, RR TI Experimental validation of a backpropagation algorithm for three-dimensional breast tumor localization SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE backpropagation; biomedical optical imaging; diffraction tomography; laser biomedical application; optical diffusion tomography; random media; scattering; tumors ID PHOTON-DENSITY WAVES; CANCER DETECTION; TISSUE SPECTROSCOPY; TRANS-ILLUMINATION; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MAMMOGRAPHY; TRANSILLUMINATION; LIGHT; EDGE AB To validate a new backpropagation algorithm for three-dimensional (3-D) tumor localization in breast tissue with a two-dimensional measurement, rye performed experiments on breast phantoms using a heterodyne, frequency-domain photon migration system. The near-infrared (680 or 780 nm) laser diode used to provide illumination was intensity modulated at both megahertz (20-60 MHz) and kilohertz (10 kHz) frequencies. The breast phantoms were made of plastic resin with a variety of simulated tumors imbedded inside and then scanned with the system in a planar geometry, With megahertz modulation signals, both of the amplitude and phase of the transmitted light were used in the data reduction process, whereas with kilohertz modulation signals only the amplitudes mere used for the reconstruction. In both cases, the backpropagation reconstruction algorithm was used to accomplish 3-D localization of the imbedded tumors. In all cases, the reconstructed locations for the hidden objects are in good agreement with the true values. Our current work demonstrates the possibility and potential of developing low-cost optical tomographic instruments. C1 Univ Texas, Biomed Engn Program, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Liu, HL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Biomed Engn Program, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 5 IS 4 BP 1049 EP 1057 DI 10.1109/2944.796329 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 248CM UT WOS:000083257800025 ER PT J AU Dong, XS LiKamWa, P Loehr, J Kaspi, R AF Dong, XS LiKamWa, P Loehr, J Kaspi, R TI Current-induced guiding and beam steering in active semiconductor planar waveguide SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE charge carrier processes; integrated optics; laser beam steering; optical planar waveguide components; semiconductor optical amplifiers ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; GAAS-ALGAAS; CARRIER; MODULATORS; INGAASP; LASERS AB We propose a novel method of achieving beam steering in active GaAs-A1GaAs materials. Carrier-induced refractive index change effect is applied to form a channel waveguide in a slab structure, Current injection is used as a means to control, guide, and steer an optical beam between two active stripes. In a structure that was 710 mu m long, we have experimentally demonstrated waveguiding of an externally coupled optical beam and electrically induced steering of the beam over a 17-mu m lateral distance at the output facet. The results of theoretical analysis and modeling of the beam shift fit the experimental data well. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Creol, Sch Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. SNDD, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dong, XS (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Creol, Sch Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 11 IS 7 BP 809 EP 811 DI 10.1109/68.769715 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 207YP UT WOS:000080963600015 ER PT J AU Mitchell, RA Westerkamp, JJ AF Mitchell, RA Westerkamp, JJ TI Robust statistical feature based aircraft identification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The statistical feature based (StaF) classifier is presented for robust high range resolution HRR radar aircraft identification (ID). HRR signature peak features are selected "on the fly" with no a priori assumptions about the number or location of the features. Features extracted depends on the information content of the observed signature making the number, location, and amplitude of features random variables. A primary goal for this research is to increase classifier robustness by maintaining high known target ID while minimizing unknown target errors. Results are presented demonstrating that the StaF classifier can significantly reduce errors associated with unknown targets while maintaining a high probability of correct classification. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNAT, Automat Target Recognit Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitchell, RA (reprint author), Qualia Comp Inc, 2372 Lakeview Dr,Suite G, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. NR 20 TC 51 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1077 EP 1094 DI 10.1109/7.784076 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 227YC UT WOS:000082106700027 ER PT J AU Bruno, JG Herman, TS Cano, VL Stribling, L Kiel, JL AF Bruno, JG Herman, TS Cano, VL Stribling, L Kiel, JL TI Selective cytotoxicity of 3-amino-L-tyrosine correlates with peroxidase activity SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; HL-60; leukemia; melanin; myeloperoxidase; pyknosis ID MYELOPEROXIDASE GENE-EXPRESSION; CELL-LINE HL-60; MELANIN PRECURSORS; MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; DIFFERENTIATION; MURINE; INDUCTION; DIAZOLUMINOMELANIN; LYMPHOCYTES; TYROSINASE AB In the presence of 3-amino-L-tyrosine (3-AT), abundant brown pigment forms in human HL-60 cells, but not in a variety of other cell lines, which are reported to be lower in mean myeloperoxidase (MPO) content than HL-60. Cells were assessed for peroxidase activity with an ABTS-based colorimetric assay and compared to values obtained with known amounts of human myeloperoxidase. HL-60 cells were estimated to contain the equivalent of 37.1 ng myeloperoxidase/10(6) cells versus 26.1 and 5.0 ng/10(6) cells for human K562 and marine RAW 264.7 cell lines, respectively. HL-60 cells exhibited a nearly 60% inhibition of proliferation and > 70% reduction in cell viability after 4 d of culture in the presence of 100 mu g 3-AT per ml. Higher concentrations of 3-AT (up to 400 mu g/ml) for 4 d reduced HL-60 proliferation by 80% and decreased viability to 1-3%. Comparable levels of cytotoxicity were achieved in KG-1 cells after 7 d with 200 or 400 mu g 3-AT per ml. K562 cells exhibited a 40% reduction in cell number after 7 d with 400 mu g 3-AT per ml, but concentrations less than 400 mu g/ml did not significantly affect K562 proliferation. K562 viability remained unchanged with doses of 3-AT up to 400 mu g/ml. RAW 264.7 cells exhibited unchanged viability and proliferation in the presence of 3-AT at concentrations up to 400 mu g 3-AT per ml. K562, KG-1, and RAW 264.7 cells exhibited no evidence of brown pigment formation in the presence of 3-AT and medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. However, RAW 264.7 cells that were converted to protein-free medium and exposed to 3-AT exhibited intense brown pigment in some cell nuclei. A high percentage of HL-60 cells treated with 3-AT exhibited membrane blebbing, pyknosis, and nuclear fragmentation, which was not observed among other 3-AT-treated cell lines. A mechanism involving toxic intermediates of peroxidase-mediated "aminomelanin" formation is hypothesized. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Div Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Veridian Corp, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, AFRL, HEDB, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Bruno, JG (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, HEDB, 8315 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1162, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 35 IS 7 BP 376 EP 382 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 224QG UT WOS:000081909300004 PM 10462200 ER PT J AU Desrochers, PR Yee, SYK AF Desrochers, PR Yee, SYK TI Wavelet applications for mesocyclone identification in Doppler radar observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TORNADO PREDICTION AB Severe weather often emanates from thunderstorms that have persistent, well organized, rotating updrafts, These rotating updrafts, which are generally referred to as mesocyclones, appear as couplers of incoming and outgoing radial velocities to a single Doppler radar. Observations of mesocyclones reveal useful information on the kinematics in the vicinity of the storm updraft that, if properly interpreted, can be used to assess the likelihood and intensify of severe weather. Reliable automated detection based on such assessment would serve to enhance the warning process. However, existing data processing methodology in operational mesocyclone detection algorithms is susceptible to noise and natural small-scale variations in Doppler radar data. Reported here is a new wavelet-based approach that offers improved capability for the discrimination of mesocyclones from other shear features. This approach uses discrete wavelets to preprocess the data in order to focus on the known scales where mesocyclones are most likely to reside and extract only the relevant signals for their shape and location identification. Common data quality problems associated with radar observations such as noise and data gaps are also handled effectively as part of the processing. The approach is demonstrated first with a one-dimensional test pattern, then with a two-dimensional synthetic mesocyclone vortex, and finally with a case study. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Desrochers, PR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBE, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 38 IS 7 BP 965 EP 980 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0965:WAFMII>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 219LE UT WOS:000081608100011 ER PT J AU Ohmer, MC Goldstein, JT Zelmon, DE Saxler, AW Hegde, SM Wolf, JD Schunemann, PG Pollak, TM AF Ohmer, MC Goldstein, JT Zelmon, DE Saxler, AW Hegde, SM Wolf, JD Schunemann, PG Pollak, TM TI Infrared properties of AgGaTe2, a nonlinear optical chalcopyrite semiconductor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; CRYSTALS; BIREFRINGENCE; COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURE AB The fundamental optical properties of AgGaTe2, a nonlinear optical semiconductor are reported. These properties include birefringence, indices of refraction, infrared transmission, and the temperature dependence of the band gap. The average index for wavelengths greater than several microns was found to be 3.0. The birefringence was found to be rather large and to range from a near band edge value of 0.038 at 1.3 mu m to a value of 0.017 at 15 mu m. Additionally, native defect related sub-bandgap absorption, photoluminescence, and electrical transport have been studied in these nominally undoped p-type crystals. An activation energy associated with these defects was determined to be 0.3 eV and the corresponding photoluminescence and absorption data showed, respectively, a broad asymmetric emission band centered at 0.8 eV and two bands at 0.95 and 1.01 eV, the absorption band at 0.95 eV being the most intense. The measured properties were utilized to assess the potential of AgGaTe2 for the wavelength conversion processes of second-harmonic generation and degenerate optical parametric oscillation. It was found that AgGaTe2 will not phase match at room temperature. However, it is estimated that mixed crystals of the form AgGa(Se(1-x))Te-x)(2) for a Te addition of 19% can exceed the conversion efficiency of AgGaSe2 by more than 100%. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)01813-7]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. Sanders, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Ohmer, MC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1063/1.370704 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 206BN UT WOS:000080856300004 ER PT J AU Xie, QH Van Nostrand, JE Brown, JL Stutz, CE AF Xie, QH Van Nostrand, JE Brown, JL Stutz, CE TI Arsenic for antimony exchange on GaSb, its impacts on surface morphology, and interface structure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; INAS/GASB SUPERLATTICES; QUANTUM-WELLS; INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICE; INFRARED PHOTODIODES; GROWTH; INAS AB We quantify the rates and total amounts of the arsenic for antimony exchange on both the Sb-terminated and Ga (or In)-terminated GaSb (001) surfaces using in situ real time line-of-sight mass spectrometry (LOS-MS) during molecular beam epitaxy. On the Sb-terminated GaSb (001) surface, an As for Sb exchange is observed to occur at all values of incident As-2 flux considered. At high substrate temperature, three-dimensional (3D) nanometer-sized clusters from as a consequence of As/Sb exchange and lattice mismatch strain between GaAs and GaSb. The 3D clusters are found to have lateral dimensions of similar to 10-30 nm and heights of 1-3 nm by atomic force microscopy (AFM). By contrast, at lower substrate temperatures a two-dimensional surface morphology is maintained, and AFM reveals an array of atomically flat terraces. On the surface terminated by one monolayer (ML) of Ga or In, there exists a critical As-2 flux below which the As/Sb exchange is greatly diminished. The net amounts of Sb leaving the surface during one period of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice growth are measured in real time by LOS-MS and estimated to be in the range of 0-0.4 ML for the various conditions used. By supplying only an As-2 beam to a GaSb surface covered by InAs, the Sb riding over the InAs layer is replaced by arsenic and the total amount of such Sb is measured. The amount of Sb riding on the InAs can be as large as 0.8 ML for the first 1 ML of InAs and it gradually decreases to zero as the number of InAs monolayer increases. X-ray diffraction data show that all the InAs/GaSb superlattices coherently match with the GaSb substrate in the growth plane. The average lattice constant along the growth direction reduces with decreasing Sb mole fraction shown by the increased Sb desorption signal. Using the information on As/Sb exchange and Sb riding on the InAs surface, we predict an average lattice constant along the growth direction to be consistent with the measured one to within 2x10(-4). (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)05013-6]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xie, QH (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 39 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 1 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1063/1.370733 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 206BN UT WOS:000080856300036 ER PT J AU Payne, DJ Hopkins, RA Eilert, BG Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Thomas, RJ Cain, CP Hengst, GT Kennedy, PK Jost, TR Rockwell, BA AF Payne, DJ Hopkins, RA Eilert, BG Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Thomas, RJ Cain, CP Hengst, GT Kennedy, PK Jost, TR Rockwell, BA TI Comparative study of laser damage threshold energies in the artificial retina SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE ultrashort laser pulse; retina; cavitation; damage; threshold ID CELL INJURY; MELANIN; PULSES; FEMTOSECOND; IRRADIATION; TARGET; SKIN; EYE; NM AB Laser damage threshold energies produced from ultrashort (i.e., less than or equal to 1 ns) laser pulses are investigated as a function of both pulse width and spot size for an artificial retina. A piece of film acts as the absorbing layer and is positioned at the focus of a variant on the Cain artificial eye [C. Cain, G. D. Noojin, D. X. Hammer, R. J. Thomas, and B. A. Rockwell, "Artificial eye for in vitro experiments of laser light interaction with aqueous media," I. Biomed. Opt. 2, 88-94 (1997)]. Experiments were performed at the focal point and at two and ten Rayleigh ranges (RR) in front of the focus with the damage end point being the presence of a bubble imaged at the film plane. Pulse energy thresholds were determined for wavelengths of 1064, 580, and 532 nm with pulse durations ranging from the nanosecond (ns) to the femtosecond (fs) regime. For the at-focus data in the visible regime, the threshold dropped from 0.25 mu J for a 532 nm, 5 ns pulse to 0.11 mu J for a 580 nm, 100 fs pulse. The near-infrared (NIR) threshold changed from 5.5 mu J for a 5 ns pulse to 0.9 mu J for a 130 fs pulse at a distance two RR in front of the focus. The experiment was repeated using the same pulse widths and wavelengths, except the water path was removed to determine the impact of nonlinear self-focusing in water. A vertical microscope imaging system was employed in order to observe the threshold event. The NIR fluence threshold of 0.5 J/cm(2) remained constant within an experimental uncertainty for all pulse widths, which corresponds to values in the literature [C. P. Lin and M. W. Kelly, "Ultrafast time-resolved imaging of stress transient and cavitation from short pulsed laser irradiated melanin particles," SPIE Laser-Tissue Interactions VI, Pmc. SPIE 2391, 294-299 (1995)]. The visible data also demonstrated a nearly constant fluence of 0.07J/cm(2). The disparity in thresholds between the two techniques arises from nonlinear optical phenomena related to propagation differences in the ocular fluid. (C) 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S1083-3668(99)01103-X]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. TASC, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Rockwell, BA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Opt Radiat Branch, 8111 18th St, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 4 IS 3 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1117/1.429935 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 229HY UT WOS:000082189400009 PM 23015254 ER PT J AU Richardson, CR Mellonig, JT Brunsvold, MA McDonnell, HT Cochran, DL AF Richardson, CR Mellonig, JT Brunsvold, MA McDonnell, HT Cochran, DL TI Clinical evaluation of Bio-Oss (R): a bovine-derived xenograft for the treatment of periodontal osseous defects in humans SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bio-Oss (R); intrabony defect; DFDBA; periodontal surgery; regeneration; bone grafts; re-entry ID FREEZE-DRIED BONE; ATTACHMENT APPARATUS FORMATION; HISTOLOGIC EVALUATION; POROUS HYDROXYLAPATITE; INTRABONY DEFECTS; BIO-OSS; ALLOGRAFT; RESPONSES; IMPLANTS; HYDROXYAPATITE AB The purpose of this study was to compare the bovine derived xenograft (BDX) Bio-Oss(R) to demineralized freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in human intrabony defects. 17 healthy patients with no systemic disease with moderate-severe periodontitis (7 males, 10 females; aged 34-67), were treated. Surgically, defects were included only if the intraosseous defect depth was >3.0 mm. Final selection included 30 defects. The sites were randomly assigned treatment with DFDBA or BDX. Soft tissue and osseous defect measurements were taken the day of surgery and 6 months post-operatively at re-entry. Average baseline PD, GAL, and surgical defect depth for the DFBBA group were not statistically different from the BDX group. No adverse healing response occurred. The re suits showed a statistically significant improvement in PD and AL for both materials at 6 months in 26 defects (4 defects did not respond to therapy). Soft tissue measurements for the DFDBA group included PD reduction of 2.0+/-1.3 mm, and AL gain of 2.6+/-1.6 mm, while the BDX group showed a PD reduction of 3.0+/-1.7 mm, and AL gain of 3.6+/-1.8 mm. Osseous measurements showed bone fill of 2.4 mm (46.8%,) for the DFDBA group and 3.0 mm (55.8%) for the BDX group. Defect resolution was 59.4% for the DFDBA group and 77.6% for the BDX group. Statistical analysis revealed there was no statistical difference be tween the 2 materials in all measurements. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MRDT, Dept Periodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Mellonig, JT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 42 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0303-6979 J9 J CLIN PERIODONTOL JI J. Clin. Periodontol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 26 IS 7 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1034/j.1600-051X.1999.260702.x PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 207LG UT WOS:000080937900002 PM 10412845 ER PT J AU Rosenberger, AH Smith, PR Russ, SM AF Rosenberger, AH Smith, PR Russ, SM TI Preliminary mechanical property assessment of an Ultra SCS (R)/Ti-22A1-23Nb composite SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE metal matrix composite; silicon carbide fibers; mechanical performance; orthorhombic titanium aluminide; Ultra SCS (R) ID TITANIUM MATRIX COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR AB The mechanical performance of an orthorhombic-based titanium aluminide matrix composite (OTMC) reinforced with Ultra SCS(R) silicon carbide continuous monofilament (i.e., Ultra SCS(R)/Ti-22Al-23Nb) was investigated. Tensile properties, creep resistance, isothermal fatigue, and thermomechanical fatigue were examined over the temperature range from 20 to 760 degrees C, with the bulk of the testing conducted at the upper end of this range to more fully characterize the high-temperature performance of this new composite system. A comparison was made with two similar OTMCs consisting of SCS-6 and Trimarc 1(R) silicon carbide fiber reinforcement of a Ti-22Al-23Nb matrix. In general, the longitudinal properties benefited significantly as a result of the higher-strength Ultra SCS(R) fiber. Both the cyclic behavior, isothermal fatigue, and in-phase thermomechanical fatigue, as well as static properties, tension, and creep were improved. However, matrix-dominated performance, including out-of-phase thermomechanical fatigue and transverse properties, was similar or exhibited a slight debit in the Ultra SCS(R)/Ti-22Al-23 composite. The demonstrated improvement in longitudinal properties makes the Ultra SCS(R) composite system an excellent choice for rotating components in advanced gas turbine engine applications. However, improvements in transverse properties may still be required for those applications subjected to appreciable off-axis loads. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rosenberger, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLL, Bldg 655,2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 21 IS 3 BP 164 EP 172 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 218MX UT WOS:000081557300006 ER PT J AU Seaford, ML Hesse, PJ Tomich, DH Eyink, KG AF Seaford, ML Hesse, PJ Tomich, DH Eyink, KG TI Strain relief by surface undulations of dislocation free MBE grown antimonides on compliant universal GaAs substrates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE compliant substrates; GaAs; strain relief AB Using solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of gallium antimonide (GaSb) and indium antimonide (InSb), we have demonstrated(1) the ability to grow dislocation free lattice mismatched materials on gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrates formed by a twist bonding process. Lo et al.(2) proposed that it would be possible to create a compliant universal substrate capable of allowing the epitaxial growth of lattice mismatched materials without dislocations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seaford, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 28 IS 7 BP 878 EP 880 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0213-9 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 217QP UT WOS:000081510700003 ER PT J AU Natarajan, K Venkat, R Dorsey, DL AF Natarajan, K Venkat, R Dorsey, DL TI Low temperature MBE of GaAs: A theoretical investigation of RHEED oscillations SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE MBE; RHEED; LTGaAs; kinetic modeling; kinematical theory ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION OSCILLATIONS; ANTISITE ARSENIC INCORPORATION; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; SURFACES; DEFECTS; RATIO; FLUX AB Surface dynamics dominate the temporal variation of reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensity in the low temperature molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of (100) gallium arsenide (GaAs). A rate equation model is proposed which includes the presence and dynamics of a physisorbed arsenic (PA) layer riding the growth surface. Using the results of the temporal evolution of the surface, the RHEED intensity is computed based on kinematical theory of electron diffraction with an As-As interplanar distance of 2.48 Angstrom, for the physisorbed As layer and a (100) Ga-As crystalline interplanar distance of 1.41 Angstrom. The model results show ROs at low and high temperatures but not in the intermediate range of 300-450 degrees C which is in good agreement with experiments. At low temperatures, the surface is covered by the PA layer whose vertical distribution across the layers depends upon that of the underlying crystalline surface. Thus a temporal variation of the step density of the crystalline GaAs surface results in step density variation of the PA layer which, in turn, yields ROs. Since the height of the PA layer is uniformly 2.48 Angstrom in this case, the RHEED beam sees a step height; equal to the GaAs interplanar distance of 1.41 Angstrom, and the specular intensity of the RHEED beam will respond to the temporal variations in the underlying GaAs surface, yielding ROs if the growth is layer-by-layer. At high temperatures the crystalline GaAs is exposed to the RHEED beam due to evaporation of PA layer and the ROs appear due to periodic step density oscillations with a step height of 1.41 Angstrom which is the Ga-As crystalline interplanar distance. At intermediate temperatures, the partial coverage of the surface by the PA layer and crystalline GaAs, coupled with very different interplanar distances in these layers, results in a complete destructive interference of the RHEED intensity. The RO dependence on the As BEP is also presented and discussed. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Natarajan, K (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 28 IS 7 BP 926 EP 931 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0221-9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 217QP UT WOS:000081510700011 ER PT J AU Owen, AK Daugherty, A Garrard, D Reynolds, HC Wright, RD AF Owen, AK Daugherty, A Garrard, D Reynolds, HC Wright, RD TI A parametric starting study of an axial-centrifugal gas turbine engine using a one-dimensional dynamic engine model and comparisons to experimental results: Part I - Model development and facility description SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN AB A generic one-dimensional gas turbine engine model, developed at the Arnold Engineering Development Center, has been configured to represent the gas generator of a General Electric axial-centrifugal gas turbine engine in the six kg/sec airflow class. The model was calibrated against experimental test results for a variety of initial conditions to insure that the model accurately represented the engine over the range of test conditions of interest. These conditions included both assisted (with a starter motor) and unassisted (altitude windmill) starts. The model was then exercised to study a variety of engine configuration modifications designed to improve its starting characteristics, and, thus, quantify potential starting improvements for the next generation of gas turbine engines. This paper discusses the model development and describes the test facilities used to obtain the calibration data. The test matrix for the ground level testing is also presented. A companion paper presents the model calibration results and the results of the trade-off study. C1 NASA, USA, Vehicle Prop Directorate, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, AEDC Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. GE, Lynn, MA 01910 USA. RP Owen, AK (reprint author), NASA, USA, Vehicle Prop Directorate, Lewis Res Ctr, MS 77-6,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 1999 VL 121 IS 3 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.1115/1.2818484 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 220AB UT WOS:000081640500001 ER PT J AU Owen, AK Daugherty, A Garrard, D Reynolds, HC Wright, RD AF Owen, AK Daugherty, A Garrard, D Reynolds, HC Wright, RD TI A parametric starting study of an axial-centrifugal gas turbine engine using a one-dimensional dynamic engine model and comparisons to experimental results: Part II - Simulation calibration and trade-off study SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN AB A generic one-dimensional gas turbine engine model, developed at the Arnold Engineering Development Center, has been configured to represent the gas generator of a General Electric axial-centrifugal gas turbine engine in the six-kg/sec airflow class. The model was calibrated against experimental test results for a variety of initial conditions to insure that the model accurately represented the engine over the range of test conditions of interest. These conditions included both assisted (with a starter motor) and unassisted (altitude windmill) starts. The model was then exercised to study a variety of engine configuration modifications designed to improve its starting characteristics and thus quantify potential starting improvements for the next generation of gas turbine engines. This paper presents the model calibration results and the results of the trade-off study. A companion paper discusses the model development and describes the test facilities used to obtain the calibration data. C1 NASA, USA, Vehicle Prop Directorate, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, AEDC Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. GE, Lynn, MA 01910 USA. RP Owen, AK (reprint author), NASA, USA, Vehicle Prop Directorate, Lewis Res Ctr, MS 77-6,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 1999 VL 121 IS 3 BP 384 EP 393 DI 10.1115/1.2818485 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 220AB UT WOS:000081640500002 ER PT J AU Ruschau, JJ John, R Thompson, SR Nicholas, T AF Ruschau, JJ John, R Thompson, SR Nicholas, T TI Fatigue crack growth rate characteristics of laser shock peened Ti-6Al-4V SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) characteristics of Laser Shock Peened (LSP) titanium 6Al-4V were examined and compared to those of unprocessed material. The FCGR resistance of LSP processed material tested at low stress ratios (R) is shown to be significantly greater than far unprocessed, baseline material. The increased damage tolerance can be attributed to the large residual compressive stresses generated by the LSP process. Differences in the growth rate behavior due to LSP can be accounted for by using the closure corrected effective stress intensity range, Delta K-eff, which takes into account only the portion of loading above the crack opening load. The rationale of using Delta K-eff is also demonstrated through fractographic investigations. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. AFRL, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. AFRL, MLSC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ruschau, JJ (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 1999 VL 121 IS 3 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1115/1.2812381 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 215YH UT WOS:000081412600009 ER PT J AU Hoshower, LM AF Hoshower, LM TI Dr. William R. Maples and the role of the consultants at the US Army Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 13, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; William R. Maples; consultants; US Army Central Identification Laboratory AB This paper discusses the history and role of the consultants at the U.S. Army Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii (CILHI) and the many contributions made by Dr. William R. Maples as a CILHI consultant. For over eleven years Dr. Maples was a prominent and integral force at the CILHI. His involvement with the CILHI as a senior forensic anthropologist began in 1985. In 1986 Dr. Maples signed a contract with the U.S. Army to conduct on-going reviews of the CILHI. He was one of the original consultants and maintained this responsibility until his death. For a significant portion of his professional career Dr. Maples was dedicated to first improving and then maintaining the scientific integrity of the CILHI. The uncompromising ethical and scientific standards by which the Central Identification Laboratory operates today is a direct reflection of the years of input by Dr. William R. Maples. C1 USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI USA. RP Hoshower, LM (reprint author), USA, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 44 IS 4 BP 689 EP 691 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 293AY UT WOS:000085830400007 ER PT J AU Barker, JM Balas, GJ Blue, PA AF Barker, JM Balas, GJ Blue, PA TI Gain-scheduled linear fractional control for active flutter suppression SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN; SYSTEM AB A gain-scheduled controller for active Butter suppression of the NASA Langley Research Center's Benchmark Active Controls Technology wing section Is presented. The wing section changes significantly as a function of Mach and dynamic pressure and is modeled as a linear system whose parameters depend in a linear fractional manner on Mach and dynamic pressure. The resulting gain-scheduled controller also depends in a linear fractional manner on Mach and dynamic pressure. Stability of the closed-loop system over a wide range of Mach and dynamic pressure is demonstrated. Closed-loop stability is demonstrated via time simulations in which both Mach and dynamic pressure are allowed to vary in the presence of input disturbances. The linear fractional gain-scheduled controller and an optimized linear controller (designed for comparison) both achieve closed-loop stability, but the gain-scheduled controller outperforms the linear controller throughout the operating region. C1 Univ Minnesota, Res Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barker, JM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Res Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 22 IS 4 BP 507 EP 512 DI 10.2514/2.4418 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 218DN UT WOS:000081538100001 ER PT J AU Klyde, DH Mitchell, DG Latimer, KJ AF Klyde, DH Mitchell, DG Latimer, KJ TI Development of the probe-and-drogue handling qualities demonstration maneuver SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The development of the probe-and-drogue aerial refueling task as a handling qualities demonstration maneuver is described. The probe-and-drogue task is an excellent test of handling qualities for precision flying and is also a superb check for pilot-induced oscillation tendencies. The greatest difficulty with this maneuver has been in the definition of the task itself including the definitions of specific performance limits. The task described herein differs from that described in the Notice of Change to Flying Qualities of Piloted Aircraft (MIL-STD-1797A) in that it requires precise drogue tracking in addition to a percentage of successful hookups. A task representative of that defined in MIL-STD-1797A that required at least three hookups in six attempts for desired performance was used as the evaluation method far the HAVE GAS project conducted by the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School. This version of the maneuver, however, was found to be too easy;even for poorly rated airplanes. Revised maneuver descriptions and performance requirements were developed and evaluated in the RAVE GAS II project that was undertaken as part of the U.S. Air Force Demonstration Maneuvers program and again conducted by the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School, Three candidate tasks were evaluated in this test program: 1) the probe-and-drogue hookup task, 2) a new drogue tracking task, and 3) a new drogue pointing task, Although the drogue tracking task was found to be best for evaluating closed-loop handling qualities, it was limited by the fact that it would not reveal potential problems such as bow-wave effects that may be encountered within 5 ft of the basket. Thus it was concluded that a combination of the drogue tracking task and the probe-and drogue hookup task should be down to thoroughly evaluate closed-loop handling qualities In the aerial refueling mission. C1 Syst Technol Inc, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA. Hoh Aeronaut Inc, Lomita, CA 90717 USA. USAF, Force Flight Test Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Klyde, DH (reprint author), Syst Technol Inc, 13766 S Hawthorne Blvd, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 22 IS 4 BP 528 EP 535 DI 10.2514/2.4429 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 218DN UT WOS:000081538100004 ER PT J AU Ottoman, GR Nixon, WB Lofgren, ST AF Ottoman, GR Nixon, WB Lofgren, ST TI Budgeting for facility maintenance and repair. I: Methods and models SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Whether in the public or private sector, facility maintenance and repair is less tangible, less glamorous, and less immediate than many other uses of an organization's limited resources. The engineers who manage and operate large physical plants must be vigilant as they compete in the annual budget allocation process. This paper, the first of two in a series, reports on the variety and relative acceptance of methodologies for estimating facility maintenance and repair funding requirements. Four bases are outlined for budget-level estimating: (1) The physical plant's initial cost or replacement value; (2) formulas grounded in other quantifiable attributes of the plant, (3) life-cycle analysis of each facility's systems and components; and (4) assessment of the facility's current or projected physical condition. Most importantly, a description and comparison of 18 available maintenance and repair budgeting models is provided. Each description includes an explanation of the mechanisms through which the model functions, the degree to which each estimating basis is applied within the model's construct, and any limitations to the model's implementation by a prospective user. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engrg & Envir Mgmt, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ottoman, GR (reprint author), 388th Fighter Wing, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0742-597X J9 J MANAGE ENG JI J. Manage. Eng. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 15 IS 4 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(1999)15:4(71) PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 207PG UT WOS:000080944800016 ER PT J AU Ottoman, GR Nixon, WB Chan, YP AF Ottoman, GR Nixon, WB Chan, YP TI Budgeting for facility maintenance and repair. II: Multicriteria process for model selection SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The second of two in a series, this paper presents an objective process for selecting an appropriate model for facility maintenance and repair budgeting. Three model evaluation criteria relating facility attributes to maintenance and repair costs-consideration of the facility's physical characteristics and environment, building system and component life cycles, and penalty costs brought on by deferral of maintenance-are introduced. The expense of supplying the necessary data for a model's implementation, given the model user's existing database, is presented as a fourth evaluation criterion. The relative merits of 18 available budgeting models are then assessed against these criteria using various multicriteria decisionmaking tools: Analysis of dominance, with results displayed via a Hasse diagram; lexicographic ordering; and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution. The results of the evaluation demonstrate how the preferred alternative can change in response to a decision-maker's priorities. Conversely, the selection process can provide considerable insight into these models with very little knowledge about the value system or philosophy of the model users and the decision makers. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engrg & Envir Mgmt, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Oper Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ottoman, GR (reprint author), 388th Fighter Wing, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0742-597X J9 J MANAGE ENG JI J. Manage. Eng. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 15 IS 4 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(1999)15:4(84) PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 207PG UT WOS:000080944800017 ER PT J AU Burkett, DA Kline, DL Carlson, DA AF Burkett, DA Kline, DL Carlson, DA TI Sugar meal composition of five north central Florida mosquito species (Diptera : Culicidae) as determined by gas chromatography SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mosquito; nectar feeding; sugar feeding; honeydew; crop; gas chromatography ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY HONEYDEW; BEMISIA-TABACI; CULEX-TARSALIS; PHLOEM SAP; NECTAR; CARBOHYDRATE; PATTERNS; COTTON AB Gas chromatography was used to analyze sugars found in individual crops fed. on by wild caught adult Anopheles quadrimaculatus s.l. (Say), Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker), Culex nigripalpus Theobald. Culiseta melanura (Coquillett), and Psorophora ferox (von Humboldt) from several north central Florida locations. A wide range of sugars was found, including fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, turanose, melezitose, trehalose, raffinose, erlose, and traces of arabinose, rhamnose, and several unknowns. The frequency of individuals testing positive for crop sugars ranged. from 9-10% in An, quadrimaculatus and Ps. ferox to 46% in Cq. perturbans. Based on the presence of melezitose or erlose in the crop, honeydew feeding was shown to be an important dietary component in An. quadrimaculatus (57%), Cs. melanura (31%), Cx. nigripalpus (15%), Cq. perturbans (10%), and Ps. ferox (7%). Gas chromatography of crude crop contents is a rapid one-step process that call address important guestions such as the source and occurrence of sugar feeding in Diptera. Unique sugar feeding field observant ions were recorded for several mosquito species. C1 USAF, Detachment 3, Unit 5213, Human Syst Ctr, APO, AP 96367 USA. ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Burkett, DA (reprint author), USAF, Detachment 3, Unit 5213, Human Syst Ctr, Kadena AB, APO, AP 96367 USA. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 462 EP 467 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 219HL UT WOS:000081601800011 PM 10467774 ER PT J AU Winton, HR AF Winton, HR TI In pursuit of military excellence: The evolution of operational theory SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Sch Adv Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. RP Winton, HR (reprint author), USAF, Sch Adv Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 63 IS 3 BP 758 EP 760 DI 10.2307/120542 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 210YP UT WOS:000081133400052 ER PT J AU Menkes, DL Bodnar, P Ballesteros, RA Swenson, MR AF Menkes, DL Bodnar, P Ballesteros, RA Swenson, MR TI Right frontal lobe slow frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (SF r-TMS) is an effective treatment for depression: a case-control pilot study of safety and efficacy SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE transcranial magnetic stimulation; depression; slow frequency; right frontal lobe ID ELECTROCONVULSIVE-THERAPY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; TRIAL; MOOD C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Neurol, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. 60th MDOS SGOMU, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Menkes, DL (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Neurol, 500 S Presyon St,HSC 113, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. NR 12 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0022-3050 J9 J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS JI J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry PD JUL PY 1999 VL 67 IS 1 BP 113 EP 115 DI 10.1136/jnnp.67.1.113 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery GA 207FL UT WOS:000080925400025 PM 10369835 ER PT J AU Baird, JK King, TR Stein, C AF Baird, JK King, TR Stein, C TI Diffusion of oxygen in silver SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE metals; oxygen diffusion; phonons ID SOLID SILVER; SOLUBILITY AB To explain the apparent deviation from Arrhenius dependence on temperature, T, of the diffusion coefficient, D, for oxygen atoms in silver, we invoke a quantum potential barrier crossing model. In this model, a harmonically localized O-atom annihilates a metal lattice phonon at the Debye frequency in order to gain enough energy to cross the potential barrier separating it from a neighboring site. Taking theta(D) = 225 K, for the Debye temperature of Ag, we fit the parameters of the model to experimental values of log D vs. 1/T, obtaining B = 620 meV and theta = 76 K, where B is the height of the barrier and theta is the Einstein temperature of the O-atom. The slightly concave down shape of log D vs. 1/T. is explained by the fact that theta < 2/3 theta(D). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Baird, JK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JUL PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 BP 891 EP 894 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(99)00019-0 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 208DZ UT WOS:000080976100006 ER PT J AU Nagasubramanian, G Ingersoll, D Doughty, D Radzykewycz, D Hill, C Marsh, C AF Nagasubramanian, G Ingersoll, D Doughty, D Radzykewycz, D Hill, C Marsh, C TI Electrical and electrochemical performance characteristics of large capacity lithium-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Power Sources Symposium on Research amd Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Batteries, Batteries Int, Battery Power Prod Technol, Brittania Refined Metals Ltd, BTR Power Syst, Hawker Batteries Grp Ltd, SAFT-NIFE, Missiles Space Batteries Ltd, Ultralife Batteries, Varta Ltd, Yardney Tech Prod DE lithium-ion rechargeable cells AB We are currently evaluating large capacity (20-40 Ah) Bluestar (cylindrical) and Yardney (prismatic) lithium-ion cells for their electrical and electrochemical performance characteristics at different temperatures, The cell resistances were nearly constant from room temperature down to -20 degrees C, but increased by over 10 times at -40 degrees C. The specific energies and powers, as well as the energy densities and power densities are high and did not reach a plateau even at the highest discharge rates tested. For example, the prismatic lithium-ion cells gave close to 280 Wh dm(-3) from a 4 A discharge and 249 Wh dm(-3) at 20 A, both at room temperature. For the same current range the specific energy values were 102 Wh kg(-1) and 91 Wh kg(-1). Cycle life and other electrical and electrochemical properties of the cells will be presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Lithium Battery Res & Dev Dept 1521, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Philips Res Site, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Yardney Tech Prod, Pawcatuck, CT 06379 USA. RP Nagasubramanian, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Lithium Battery Res & Dev Dept 1521, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 116 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(98)00255-9 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 207MJ UT WOS:000080940400022 ER PT J AU Erbacher, JK AF Erbacher, JK TI An environmental aircraft battery (EAB) SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Power Sources Symposium on Research amd Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Batteries, Batteries Int, Battery Power Prod Technol, Brittania Refined Metals Ltd, BTR Power Syst, Hawker Batteries Grp Ltd, SAFT-NIFE, Missiles Space Batteries Ltd, Ultralife Batteries, Varta Ltd, Yardney Tech Prod DE applications aircraft; nickel metal hydride rechargeable batteries AB The Battery Branch of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory began the development of an environmental aircraft battery (EAB) to replace existing nickel/cadmium (Ni-Cd) and sealed lead-/acid (SLA) batteries to minimize or eliminate use of environmentally hazardous battery materials by the USAF. A three-phase development contract was awarded in 1996 to replace the cadmium in Ni-Cd batteries with a metal hydride (MH) anode. Designs, materials, space battery technology, and results on commercial and government battery programmes were evaluated in the Phase I, Feasibility Analysis. Bipnlar and prismatic designs were selected for Phase II development. Materials and cell test data are presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Erbacher, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRPB, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00076-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 207MJ UT WOS:000080940400045 ER PT J AU Gitzendanner, RL Marsh, C Marsh, RA Puglia, F Vukson, S Surampudi, R AF Gitzendanner, RL Marsh, C Marsh, RA Puglia, F Vukson, S Surampudi, R TI Lithium-ion cells for aerospace applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article C1 Yardney Tech Prod Inc, Pawcatuck, CT 06379 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Battery Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Marsh, C (reprint author), Yardney Tech Prod Inc, 82 Mech St, Pawcatuck, CT 06379 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 272 EP 272 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 207MJ UT WOS:000080940400046 ER PT J AU Galica, GE Green, BD Boies, MT Uy, OM Silver, DM Benson, RC Erlandson, RE Wood, BE Hall, DF AF Galica, GE Green, BD Boies, MT Uy, OM Silver, DM Benson, RC Erlandson, RE Wood, BE Hall, DF TI Particle environment surrounding the midcourse space experiment spacecraft SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID MSX; SIGNATURES AB Particle occurrence rates, velocities, size distributions, and trends in the environment have been measured above the Midcourse Space Experiment spacecraft using optical sensors. Results from the spacecraft's first 11 months on orbit are presented. Particles were detected both in association with known particle-generating activities and during comparatively quiescent times. In general, the optical environment is quite benign. The on-orbit environment appears to be dominated by particles remaining from ground processing operations. That environment is consistent with prelaunch cleanliness level measurements. Particulates were detected during quiescent periods as the spacecraft passed through the terminator from eclipse into daylight. Particle evolution occurs within minutes of solar heating onset. At Midcourse Space Experiment altitudes, drag effects are not significant until comparatively long times (10(3)-10(4)); therefore, the observed velocities of the near-field particles, in the 1-10-cm/s range, are representative of the surface release velocity. The particles are observed in the 1-100-mu m-size range. The size distribution scales approximately as r(-1.5) down to the sensitivity limit. C1 Phys Sci Inc, Div Res, Andover, MA 01810 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Tech Serv Dept, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, Appl Technol Opt Diagnost Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. Aerospace Corp, Surface Sci Dept, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Appl Res & Technol Dept, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Galica, GE (reprint author), Phys Sci Inc, Div Res, 20 New England Business Ctr, Andover, MA 01810 USA. RI Erlandson, Robert/G-2767-2015 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 561 EP 565 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 226GQ UT WOS:000082012400011 ER PT J AU Karpay, RI Plamondon, TJ Mills, SE Dove, SB AF Karpay, RI Plamondon, TJ Mills, SE Dove, SB TI Combining periodic and continuous sodium hypochlorite treatment to control biofilms in dental unit water systems SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; CHLORINATION; DISINFECTION; QUALITY AB Background. This study evaluated the efficacy of combined intermittent and continuous treatment with diluted sodium hypochlorite, or NaClO, to improve dental unit water quality in a clinical setting. Methods, In this prospective study, 10 dental units were fitted with separate water reservoir systems. Dental units were maintained with weekly rinses with 1:10 NaClO. Treatment water consisted of 750 milliliters of tap water and one drop of undiluted commercial bleach. Bacterial contamination in the effluent coolant water was assayed via mic;microbiologic culture on a weekly basis, At the end of the study, scanning electron microscopy of the inner surfaces of the dental unit waterlines corroborated the results. Results. All 10 dental units consistently delivered water with less than 10 colony-forming units per milliliter, or CFU/mL, with a mean bacterial contamination of less than 1 CFU/mL. Baseline scanning electron microscopy demonstrated biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy at the end of the study demonstrated the lack of features consistent with biofilm formation. Although tri-halomethanes were detected in output water all samples were below Environmental Protection Agency limits for drinking water. Conclusions. Weekly treatment with 5.25 percent NaClO diluted 1:10, and concomitant use of chlorinated treatment water (3 parts per million chlorine) consistently attained the proposed American Dental Association goal of fewer than 200 CFU/mL, in the unfiltered output. The effects of continuous treatment on dentin and enamel bond strength may require further evaluation. Clinical Implications, The success of this protocol suggests that optimal attainment of dental water quality goals may require a combination of approaches. C1 Hillsborough Cty Dent Res Clin, Tampa, FL 33610 USA. USAF, AF Inspect Agcy, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, Kadena AFB, Dent Squadron 18, Okinawa, Japan. RP Karpay, RI (reprint author), Hillsborough Cty Dent Res Clin, 2010 E Hillsborough, Tampa, FL 33610 USA. NR 29 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 130 IS 7 BP 957 EP 965 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 216YV UT WOS:000081472800018 PM 10422399 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RS Mauger, M Clement, DJ Walker, WA AF Schwartz, RS Mauger, M Clement, DJ Walker, WA TI Mineral trioxide aggregate: A new material for endodontics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID END FILLING MATERIALS; BACTERIAL LEAKAGE; SEALING ABILITY; FURCAL PERFORATIONS; TISSUE REACTION; GUINEA-PIGS; SUPER-EBA; REPAIR; AMALGAM AB Background Mineral trioxide aggregate, or MTA, is a new material developed for endodontics that appears to be a significant improvement over other materials for procedures in bone. It is the first restorative material that consistently allows for the overgrowth of cementum, and it may facilitate the regeneration of the periodontal ligament. Case Description. The authors present five cases in which MTA was used to manage clinical problems. These included vertical root fracture,apexification, perforation repair and repair of a resorptive defect. In each case, MTA allowed bone healing and elimination of clinical symptoms. Clinical Implications, Materials such as zinc oxide-eugenol cement and resin composite have been used in the past to repair root defects, but their use resulted in the formation of fibrous connective tissue adjacent to the bone. Because it allows the overgrowth of cementum and periodontal ligament, MTA may be an ideal material for certain endodontic procedures. C1 USAF, Elmensdorf AFB, AL USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, Adv Educ Program Endodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Schwartz, RS (reprint author), 16500 San Pedro,Suite 440, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. NR 33 TC 100 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 130 IS 7 BP 967 EP 975 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 216YV UT WOS:000081472800019 PM 10422400 ER PT J AU Klesges, RC Harmon-Clayton, K Ward, KD Kaufman, EM Haddock, CK Talcott, GW Lando, HA AF Klesges, RC Harmon-Clayton, K Ward, KD Kaufman, EM Haddock, CK Talcott, GW Lando, HA TI Predictors of milk consumption in a population of 17-to 35-year-old military personnel SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; LACTOSE MALDIGESTION; CALCIUM INTAKE; OSTEOPOROSIS; PREVALENCE; AGE; INTOLERANCE; ADOLESCENTS; TOLERANCE; CHILDREN AB Objective The purpose of this investigation was to survey an entire population of Air Force recruits (N=32,144) regarding milk consumption and demographic and health-related factors that may predict milk consumption. Design All subjects were required to fill out a 53-item health survey at the start of basic military training. Subjects/setting All recruits who entered the US Air Force from August 1995 to August 1996 participated in this study (N=32,144). Statistical analyses performed Potential correlates of milk intake were analyzed using Spearman rank order correlations and multiple linear regression. Variables were removed if they did not make a meaningful contribution to variance in milk intake. Because of skewed distributions, several variables were dichotomized (eg, age: 17 to 24 vs 25 to 35 years). Results In terms of milk consumption, 51.7% of the respondents reported intake of fewer than 1 serving per day; only 17.9% reported intake of 3 servings or more per day. Milk intake was positively associated with body weight and fruit/vegetable intake and negatively associated with age, education level, reported milk-related gastric distress, physical activity level, dieting frequency, and concern about weight. Gender (women reported lower intake) and ethnicity (minorities reported lower intake) were independently related to milk consumption. Of all respondents, 16.1% reported themselves to have milk-related gastric distress, but rates varied depending on age, gender, and ethnicity (ranging from 10.2% for younger non-Hispanic white men to 60.4% for older Asian men). Applications/conclusions Despite the efforts of large, costly campaigns designed to increase milk consumption, self-reported milli consumption in young adults is extremely low. Given the importance of dairy products as a major source of calcium in the American diet, dietetics practitioners should assess milk consumption among young adults to ensure sufficient calcium intake to maximize peak bone mass in this group. C1 Univ Memphis Prevent Ctr, Memphis, TN 38119 USA. Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, DC USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Klesges, RC (reprint author), Univ Memphis Prevent Ctr, Suite 675,5350 Poplar Ave, Memphis, TN 38119 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-53478] NR 26 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 99 IS 7 BP 821 EP 826 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(99)00195-9 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 212CV UT WOS:000081199500011 PM 10405680 ER PT J AU Sussingham, JC Watkins, SA Cocks, FH AF Sussingham, JC Watkins, SA Cocks, FH TI Forty years of development of active systems for radiation protection of spacecraft SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID AVIONICS AB A comprehensive survey of the literature relating to active spacecraft shielding is presented, including electrostatic and plasma as well as magnetic methods. A literature discussion is provided in order to give an overview of this field. The advent of high temperature superconductors may make magnetic shielding against charged particle radiation practical in spacecraft engineering. C1 USAF, Ogden Air Logist Ctr, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Sussingham, JC (reprint author), USAF, Ogden Air Logist Ctr, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 126 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JUL-DEC PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 165 EP 175 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 360KZ UT WOS:000089668000001 ER PT J AU Tragesser, SG Longuski, JM AF Tragesser, SG Longuski, JM TI Modeling issues concerning motion of the Saturnian satellites SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB A study is performed to find the minimum-order model that can achieve an accuracy of 1 km in the dynamic propagation of the Saturnian satellites over a period of four years. The need for such an investigation has risen out of recent advances in the accuracy of orbit determination techniques that are to be used in the Cassini mission. Effects such as Saturn's rings, tides on Saturn and the satellites, gravity harmonics on Saturn and the satellites, other solar system bodies, small Saturnian satellites, coupling of the satellite attitudes with translational dynamics, and general relativity are considered. A conservative assessment of the effects that must be modeled is obtained with numerical simulation using a fixed set of initial conditions for the satellites. This simple method is shown to exaggerate the impact of new modeling effects, so a second method is employed where the initial conditions are adjusted in order to minimize the perturbations of new effects. The second method suggests that, in addition to the point mass interactions of the eight major Saturnian satellites, the minimum order model includes zonal harmonics of Saturn up through eighth order, Saturn's rings, Janus, the asphericities of Mimas and Enceladus, and the point mass effects of the Sun and Jupiter. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Tragesser, SG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JUL-DEC PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 275 EP 294 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 360KZ UT WOS:000089668000008 ER PT J AU Leak, CE AF Leak, CE TI Epilogue to MERIT: Lessons learned in developing an interactive environmental database SO JOURNAL OF THE IEST LA English DT Article DE life-cycle profile; environmental profile; environmental requirements; systems engineering; environmental data; environments prediction AB MERIT, Mission Environmental Requirements Integration Technology, is an interactive environmental database developed by the Air Force Wright Laboratory's Flight Dynamics Directorate (currently the Aii Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory). The purpose of this MS Windows-based application is to quickly and accurately estimate, during the early conceptual design stage, the environments:to which stores carried externally on fighter/attack aircraft will be exposed throughout all phases of the life cycle (such as manufacturing, deployment, storage, and operational usage). MERIT is currently used at approximately 75 locations within 25 companies and government agencies. During the development of the MERIT system, many important lessons were learned regarding the creation of environmental databases to support materiel acquisition functions (such as design, test, and maintenance). In this paper, the scope and capabilities of MERIT will be described in more detail. The basis for the lessons learned will be explained and illustrated through examples from the system's development history. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Flight Dynam Directorate, Vehicle Subsyst Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leak, CE (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Flight Dynam Directorate, Vehicle Subsyst Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCI TECHNOLOGY PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA SN 1052-2883 J9 J IEST JI J. IEST PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 42 IS 4 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 228NA UT WOS:000082141500006 ER PT J AU Hege, EK Christou, JC Jefferies, SM Cheselka, M AF Hege, EK Christou, JC Jefferies, SM Cheselka, M TI Technique for combining incoherent interferometric images SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Optical-Society-of-America Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis (SRS) CY JUN 09-11, 1998 CL KONA, HAWAII SP Opt Soc Amer ID ITERATIVE BLIND DECONVOLUTION; LARGE BINOCULAR TELESCOPE; ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB We discuss the use of a physically constrained iterative deconvolution algorithm to combine and deconvolve images taken with interferometric imaging arrays. To demonstrate this method we have simulated imaging with the Large Binocular Telescope [Proc. SPIE: 3352, 23 (1998)]. This is a two-element interferometer in which each element is under adaptive-optics control for atmospheric compensation and in which the fixed baseline is maintained by active control to compensate for elastic flexure of steel under variable gravitational loading. We show how images taken at different position angles, by means of the two 8.4-m apertures, co-phased across the 14.6-m center-to-center separation, can be used to tomographically reconstruct an astronomical object at the full-aperture (23-m) diffraction limit of the Large Binocular Telescope. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)00107-6]. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Ctr Astron Adapt Opt, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP Hege, EK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Ctr Astron Adapt Opt, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1745 EP 1750 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.001745 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 212NP UT WOS:000081223300024 ER PT J AU Sanchez-de-la-Llave, JD Morales-Porras, A Testorf, M McGahan, RV Fiddy, MA AF Sanchez-de-la-Llave, JD Morales-Porras, A Testorf, M McGahan, RV Fiddy, MA TI Nonlinear filtering of backpropagated fields SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Optical-Society-of-America Topical Meeting on Signal Recovery and Synthesis (SRS) CY JUN 09-11, 1998 CL KONA, HAWAII SP Opt Soc Amer ID REAL DATA; STRONG SCATTERERS; SPECIAL SESSION; TARGETS AB As a result of interest in imaging strongly scattering targets, the Air Force Research Laboratory is making available to the community sets of data from various targets; We describe a nonlinear filtering technique, namely, homomorphic filtering, which we have applied to recover an image of the target from the backpropagated field calculated from the scattering data. We show new results for targets that other methods, especially linearized methods, are unable to image. While we obtain good images with real data, convolutional effects arising from limited data can sometimes degrade performance. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)01907-9]. C1 Univ Lowell, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Fiddy, MA (reprint author), Univ Lowell, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RI Sinchez-de-la-Llave, David/B-4726-2013 OI Sinchez-de-la-Llave, David/0000-0001-8871-3854 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1799 EP 1805 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.001799 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 212NP UT WOS:000081223300030 ER PT J AU Dawson, DL Putnam, AT Light, JT Ihnat, DM Kissinger, DP Rasmussen, TE Bradley, DV AF Dawson, DL Putnam, AT Light, JT Ihnat, DM Kissinger, DP Rasmussen, TE Bradley, DV TI Temporary arterial shunts to maintain limb perfusion after arterial injury: An animal study SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE shunt; ischemia; arteries; multiple injury; thrombosis; surgery; wounds and injuries; disease models; vascular patency ID INTRALUMINAL SHUNTS; VASCULAR INJURIES; DAMAGE CONTROL; TRAUMA; MANAGEMENT AB Background: Temporary shunt placement can quickly restore perfusion after extremity arterial injury. This study examined the adequacy of limb blood flow with shunt use, non-heparin-bonded shunt patency over prolonged periods, and the safety of this technique. Methods: Common iliac arteries were divided and 4.0-mm Silastic Sundt shunts placed in 16 anesthetized pigs, Eight (group I) had shunts placed immediately; eight others (group II) mere shunted after an hour of limb ischemia and hemorrhagic shock. Physiologic parameters and femoral artery blood flow in both hindlimbs were continuously monitored. Limb lactic acid generation, oxygen utilization, and hematologic and metabolic effects were serially evaluated for 24 hours. Results: Shunts remained patent in 13 of 16 pigs, Shunts thrombosed in two group I animals because of technical errors, but functioned well after thrombectomy and repositioning. Patency could not be maintained in one animal that died from shock. Flow in group I shunted limbs was 57 (+/-11 SD) % of control. For group II animals in shock, shunted limb flow initially averaged 46 +/- 15% of control, but 4 hours after shunt placement, the mean limb blood flow was the same as in group I. Increased oxygen extraction compensated for the lower flow. Lactic acid production mas not increased in comparison to cont ol limbs. Conclusion: Shunts provided adequate flow in this model of extremity trauma. Correctly placed shunts stayed patent for 24 hours, without anticoagulation, if shunt placement followed resuscitation. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dawson, DL (reprint author), USAF, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Div Med Sci, NASA,MC,FS, Mail Code SD,2101 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 1999 VL 47 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1097/00005373-199907000-00016 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 216ZQ UT WOS:000081474700013 PM 10421189 ER PT J AU Gooch, R Schimert, T McCardel, W Ritchey, B Gilmour, D Koziarz, W AF Gooch, R Schimert, T McCardel, W Ritchey, B Gilmour, D Koziarz, W TI Wafer-level vacuum packaging for MEMS SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 02-06, 1998 CL BALTMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Vacuum soc AB Vacuum packaging of high performance infrared (IR) MEMS uncooled detectors and arrays, inertial MEMS accelerometers and gyros, and radio frequency (rf) MEMS resonators is a key issue in the technology development path to low cost, high volume MEMS production. Wafer-level vacuum packaging transfers the packaging operation into the wafer fab. It is a product neutral enabling technology for commercialization of MEMS for home, industry, automotive, and environmental monitoring applications. 4 in. wafer-level vacuum packaging has been demonstrated using IR MEMS bolometers and results will be presented in this article. In addition to the wafer-level packaging results, vacuum package reliability results obtained on component-level ceramic vacuum packages will also be presented. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)21204-3]. C1 Raytheon Syst Co, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFTE, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Gooch, R (reprint author), Raytheon Syst Co, MS 35, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. NR 1 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 2295 EP 2299 DI 10.1116/1.581763 PN 2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 217DY UT WOS:000081485800093 ER PT J AU Grazulis, L Kelly, DL Walker, DE Tomich, DH Eyink, KG Lampert, WV AF Grazulis, L Kelly, DL Walker, DE Tomich, DH Eyink, KG Lampert, WV TI Comparison of nanomachined III-V semiconductor substrates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI 26) CY JAN 17-21, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID QUANTUM DOTS; GAAS; LITHOGRAPHY; ISLANDS AB Emerging device applications demand surface features on the order of hundreds of angstroms. Nanolithography by machining with a diamond tip is proposed as a means to reproducibly pattern semiconductor surfaces on this scale. This technique has already been shown to produce controlled features with depths down to 10 Angstrom on GaAs [S. H. Goss et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 16, 1439 (1998)]. In this technique, a diamond tip is scanned along the sample surface with a constant force to produce the desired features. In this article we show the observed quality and reproducibility achieved by this technique in the patterning of several semiconductor substrates. The substrates patterned and examined include GaAs, GaSb, GaP, and InP. The samples were machined at a series of loads ranging from 9.8 to 196 mu N. After machining they were cleaned with an appropriate solvent and supercritical CO2 to remove debris caused by the machining. The resulting patterned surfaces were characterized with an atomic force microscope. Lateral resolutions as good as 100 Angstrom were successfully achieved illustrating the ability of this technique to achieve the dimensions required to form quantum dots. Line profiles indicated cut depths ranging from 5 to 500 Angstrom. A near linear trend was observed in the depth of cut versus applied force over the investigated range for most of the substrates. The exact slope and intercepts were material dependent. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)09704-8]. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Engn Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grazulis, L (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1852 EP 1855 DI 10.1116/1.590844 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 227LW UT WOS:000082082700094 ER PT J AU Lukin, MD Yelin, SF Zibrov, AS Scully, MO AF Lukin, MD Yelin, SF Zibrov, AS Scully, MO TI Enhancement of refractive index with quantum coherence: An overview SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; CORRELATED SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; POPULATION-INVERSION; ATOMIC COHERENCE; DISPERSIVE PROPERTIES; 3-LEVEL SYSTEM; LASER; INTERFERENCE; AMPLIFICATION; RESONANCES AB We review recent theoretical and experimental studies on resonant enhancement of the refractive index in phase coherent media. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lukin@xena.tamu.edu RI Zibrov, Alexander/G-7419-2014 NR 77 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1054-660X EI 1555-6611 J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 9 IS 4 BP 759 EP 772 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 230AY UT WOS:000082230000003 ER PT J AU Ham, BS Hemmer, PR Kim, MK Shahriar, SM AF Ham, BS Hemmer, PR Kim, MK Shahriar, SM TI Quantum interference and its potential applications in a spectral hole-burning solid SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; CRYSTAL; TRANSITIONS; RESONANCES; PR3+Y2SIO5; TURBULENCE; STORAGE; SYSTEM; LASER; VAPOR AB We have reviewed observations of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in solids and its potential applications such as enhanced four-wave mixing, Raman excited optical memory, and rf-coupled optical gain. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Ham, BS (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009; Kim, Myung/L-3575-2014 OI Kim, Myung/0000-0002-2818-8928 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 9 IS 4 BP 788 EP 796 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 230AY UT WOS:000082230000005 ER PT J AU Sharma, SK Snyder, CE Gschwender, LJ Liang, JC Schreiber, BF AF Sharma, SK Snyder, CE Gschwender, LJ Liang, JC Schreiber, BF TI Stuck servovalves in aircraft hydraulic systems SO LUBRICATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hydraulic components; hydraulic fluids; infrared spectroscopy AB Stuck servovalves were observed during preflight checkup in some aircraft using MIL-PRF-83282 hydraulic fluid. Analysis of hydraulic fluid samples and stuck valves provided a link between valve failures and barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate content of the hydraulic fluid. The barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate contamination was traced to residual MIL-PRF-6083, the preservative fluid for components, which had not been drained from the components prior to installation on the aircraft. Validation of that hypothesis was proven by laboratory tribological experiments using a reciprocating tribonmeter and grazing angle microscope Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Corrective actions included revising the operational procedures to drain MIL-PRF-6083 from components and establishing a 10 ppm maximum limit for barium in new MIL-PRF-83282. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Sharma, SK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 0024-7154 J9 LUBR ENG JI Lubric. Eng. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 55 IS 7 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 216RL UT WOS:000081455600004 ER PT J AU Waller, SG Ward, JB AF Waller, SG Ward, JB TI The HCA "battle-lab" SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Med Ctr, FS, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Waller, SG (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, FS, Dept Ophthalmol, 59th Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 164 IS 7 BP V EP V PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 215LV UT WOS:000081383900005 PM 10414055 ER PT J AU Miller, MD Gordon, WT AF Miller, MD Gordon, WT TI Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Tibial inlay technique - Principles and procedure SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE posterior cruciate ligament; knee; reconstruction; inlay ID INJURIES AB This article provides an overview of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using the tibial inlay technique. Preoperative evaluation should include a careful clinical examination, stress radiographs, and other studies, as necessary. Treatment options include both nonsurgical and surgical methods. The focus of this article is the surgical technique for PCL reconstruction using a tibial inlay graft. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 7 IS 3 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S1060-1872(99)80008-2 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 221WC UT WOS:000081749300008 ER PT J AU Roggemann, MC Bright, VM Welsh, BM Cowan, WD Lee, M AF Roggemann, MC Bright, VM Welsh, BM Cowan, WD Lee, M TI Micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirrors for aberration control in optical systems SO OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Australian-Optical-Society Conference CY DEC 10-12, 1997 CL UNIV ADELAIDE, NORTH TERRANCE, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Opt Soc HO UNIV ADELAIDE DE aberration control; deformable mirrors; micro-electro-mechanical systems ID IMPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; ARRAYS AB Controlling optical aberrations is one of the enduring problems in optics. Recent advances in adaptive optics for astronomical applications have shown the promise of adaptive optics technology for controlling aberrations. Micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirrors (MEM-DMs) offer an alternative to conventional adaptive optics which, due to the inexpensive nature of MEM-DM technology, will enable a wide range of commercial and scientific applications for optical wave front control. In this paper we describe MEM-DMs, present results of modelling the performance of an MEM-DM for optical aberration control, and present results of experiments to verify that MEM-DMs can control optical aberrations. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Mission Res Corp, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roggemann, MC (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0306-8919 EI 1572-817X J9 OPT QUANT ELECTRON JI Opt. Quantum Electron. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 31 IS 5-7 BP 451 EP 468 DI 10.1023/A:1006967012137 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 221GM UT WOS:000081718400006 ER PT J AU Sukow, DW Heil, T Fischer, I Gavrielides, A Hohl-AbiChedid, A Elsasser, W AF Sukow, DW Heil, T Fischer, I Gavrielides, A Hohl-AbiChedid, A Elsasser, W TI Picosecond intensity statistics of semiconductor lasers operating in the low-frequency fluctuation regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POWER-DROPOUT EVENTS; OPTICAL FEEDBACK; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; CHAOTIC ITINERANCY; MODE-PARTITION; NOISE; GAIN; DIODES; SUPPRESSION; ATTRACTORS AB We present detailed statistical investigations of the irregular fast pulsing behavior present in the dynamics of semiconductor lasers with delayed optical feedback operating in the low-frequency fluctuation and coherence collapse regimes. We demonstrate that the probability density distributions of the laser intensity on a picosecond time scale are essentially independent of the number of optical modes involved in the laser emission, using two complementary high-resolution experimental measurement systems: a high-bandwidth sampling digitizer and a single-shot streak camera. The experimental results are supported by numerical studies using the single-mode Lang-Kobayashi equations, as well as a multimode extension of the model. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that gain saturation and coexisting attractors can cause substantial qualitative changes of the probability density distribution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Angew Phys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Sukow, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, DELO, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Fischer, Ingo/C-2843-2011 OI Fischer, Ingo/0000-0003-1881-9842 NR 34 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 1999 VL 60 IS 1 BP 667 EP 673 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.667 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 212ZF UT WOS:000081247000090 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL Adams, WW Cheng, SZD AF Farmer, BL Adams, WW Cheng, SZD TI Special section in honour of Professor R.K. Eby SO POLYMER LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Akron, Maurice Morton Inst, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Farmer, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP, 2941 P St Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL PY 1999 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4531 EP 4532 PG 2 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 189LE UT WOS:000079905600012 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Su, W Mather, PT Bunning, TJ AF Jiang, H Su, W Mather, PT Bunning, TJ TI Rheology of highly swollen chitosan/polyacrylate hydrogels SO POLYMER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20-20 Vision of Polymer Science - The Next 2 Decades CY MAY 13-15, 1999 CL UNIV AKRON, AKRON, OHIO HO UNIV AKRON DE hydrogel; chitosan; rheology ID STATE DYE-LASERS; HOST MATERIALS AB Recently we reported on chitosan hydrogel systems having excellent laser damage resistance, The measured laser damage threshold LDT was better than BK7 glass and quartz, commonly used inorganic optical materials, and 20 to 35 times higher than commercial PMMA, a popular polymer optical material. In this study, we continue our investigation of the phase transition behavior of water within the hydrogels by means of oscillatory shear rheology. The crystallization and melting behavior of ice in these hydrogels is greatly affected by the internal structure of the network. Changes in this structure are probed by comparing differences in the rheological measurements at temperatures above and below freezing. Trends among the measured shear storage modulus (G'), shear loss modulus (G") and shear loss tangent (tan delta) are shown to be related to the mobility of water within the gels. The activation energy associated with the melting of ice in a particular hydrogel was found to be significantly higher than the melting enthalpy of pure ice, suggesting imperfection in the ice crystals and/or a low degree of crystallinity in the hydrogel. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MLBP, AFRL, Mat Ffg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MLPJ, AFRL, Mat Ffg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Beavercreek, OH USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), MLBP, AFRL, Mat Ffg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL PY 1999 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4593 EP 4602 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00070-1 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 189LE UT WOS:000079905600019 ER PT J AU Holt, DB Farmer, BL AF Holt, DB Farmer, BL TI Modeling of helix reversal defects in polytetrafluoroethylene I. Force field development and molecular mechanics calculations SO POLYMER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20-20 Vision of Polymer Science - The Next 2 Decades CY MAY 13-15, 1999 CL UNIV AKRON, AKRON, OHIO HO UNIV AKRON DE fluoropolymers; force field; molecular mechanics ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PHASE(II); CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ENERGY CALCULATIONS; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE) AB A force field suitable for modeling fluoropolymers and oligomers in the solid state has been derived from MOPAC semiempirical molecular orbital calculations on perfluorohexadecane. A conformational energy profile was generated using the PM3 Hamiltonian, and then valence parameters of a molecular mechanics (MM) energy expression, including a six-term cosine dihedral potential, were adjusted with a nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm to reproduce the profile. Minimum energy helical conformations of 48/22 and 13/6 were obtained when the geometries of C60F122 molecules in isolation and in a crystalline cluster, respectively, were optimized using the refined force field. The X-ray diffraction pattern calculated from the crystalline cluster indicated an equatorial d-spacing of 4.9685 Angstrom. These intra and intermolecular structural characteristics for the cluster are in agreement with experimental X-ray diffraction data. Energy penalties of helix reversal defects in isolated chains and in a crystalline environment were also investigated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Farmer, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP, 2941 P St,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL PY 1999 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4667 EP 4672 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00075-0 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 189LE UT WOS:000079905600026 ER PT J AU Holt, DB Farmer, BL AF Holt, DB Farmer, BL TI Modeling of helix reversal defects in polytetrafluoroethylene II. Molecular dynamics simulations SO POLYMER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on 20-20 Vision of Polymer Science - The Next 2 Decades CY MAY 13-15, 1999 CL UNIV AKRON, AKRON, OHIO HO UNIV AKRON DE polytetrafluoroethylene; helix reversal defects; molecular dynamics ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PHASE(II); CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ENERGY CALCULATIONS; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE); TRANSITIONS AB Molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations have been utili zed to probe the nature of helix reversal activity in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The results of the simulations indicated that helix reversals do form and migrate in PTFE crystals. At low and intermediate temperatures, the most important defect structure was a helix reversal band: two helix reversals which bracket a small chain segment having the opposite helical sense from the parent molecule. The size of this reversal band defect was equal to approximately half of the helical repeat unit in the low and intermediate temperature phases. In the high temperature phase where intermolecular effects are diminished, a wider distribution of reversal band sizes was observed during the simulations. The impact of helix reversal activity on rotational disorder was also examined. In addition to the rotational disorder created by the presence and motion of helix reversals, a mechanism was identified by which significant reorientation of a chain segment (having the same helical sense as the host chain) about the molecular axis can occur when it is bracketed by two helix reversal bands. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Farmer, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBP, 2941 P St,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUL PY 1999 VL 40 IS 16 BP 4673 EP 4684 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00076-2 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 189LE UT WOS:000079905600027 ER PT J AU Cox, JE Chiles, C McManus, CM Aquino, SL Choplin, RH AF Cox, JE Chiles, C McManus, CM Aquino, SL Choplin, RH TI Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy: Variables that affect risk of pneumothorax SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biopsies, complications; computed tomography (CT), guidance; lung, biopsy; pneumothorax ID DIAGNOSTIC-ACCURACY; PULMONARY-LESIONS; LUNG LESIONS; COMPLICATIONS; DISEASE; EXPERIENCE; BENIGN AB PURPOSE: To analyze the influence of multiple variables on the rate of pneumothorax and chest tube placement associated with transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy of the lung. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 346 patients, 331 computed tomographically (CT) guided and 24 fluoroscopically guided lung biopsies were performed. Variables analyzed were lesion size, depth, and location; number of pleural passes; needle size; presence of emphysema; and training level of the person who performed the biopsy. RESULTS: Pneumothorax occurred at 144 (40.4%) of 356 biopsies, including 139 (42.0%) CT-guided and five (21%) fluoroscopically guided biopsies. Chest tube placement was needed in 25 (17.4%) of 144 cases of pneumothorax (7% of all biopsies). An increased rate of pneumothorax was correlated with smaller lesion size (P = .001) and presence of emphysema (P = .01). Patients with emphysema were three times as likely to require chest tube placement. The pneumothorax rate was 15% (16 of 105) if no aerated lung was traversed and approximately 50% if aerated lung was penetrated. Lesion location, needle size, number of pleural passes, and level of training were not correlated with pneumothorax rate. CONCLUSION: Smaller lesion size and emphysema are strongly correlated with occurrence of pneumothorax. Pneumothorax was more than three times less frequent if: no aerated lung was traversed. After pneumothorax, chest tube placements were related to the presence of emphysema. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Cox, JE (reprint author), 59 MDW MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 26 TC 162 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD JUL PY 1999 VL 212 IS 1 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 210CE UT WOS:000081086900026 PM 10405737 ER PT J AU Tabib-Azar, M Akinwande, D Ponchak, GE LeClair, SR AF Tabib-Azar, M Akinwande, D Ponchak, GE LeClair, SR TI Evanescent microwave probes on high-resistivity silicon and its application in characterization of semiconductors SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COPLANAR WAVE-GUIDE; MICROSTRIP AB In this article we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of very high quality factor 10 GHz microstrip resonators on high-resistivity (high-rho) silicon substrates. Our experiments show that an external quality factor of over 13 000 can be achieved on microstripline resonators on high-rho silicon substrates. Such a high Q factor enables integration of arrays of previously reported evanescent microwave probe (EMP) on silicon cantilever beams. We also demonstrate that electron-hole pair recombination and generation lifetimes of silicon can be conveniently measured by illuminating the resonator using a pulsed light. Alternatively, the EMP was also used to nondestructively monitor excess carrier generation and recombination process in a semiconductor placed near the two-dimensional resonator. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)00807-2]. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tabib-Azar, M (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 70 IS 7 BP 3083 EP 3086 DI 10.1063/1.1149871 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 210AC UT WOS:000081082100031 ER PT J AU Schmidt, DL Davidson, KE Theibert, LS AF Schmidt, DL Davidson, KE Theibert, LS TI Unique applications of carbon-carbon composite materials (Part two) SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIVERTOR AB Carbon-carbon composites (CCC) are a unique class of high performance materials. Since their inception, about 1960, over 100 different types of CCCs have been created with properties previously not available. Novel materials were designed, fabricated, tested, upgraded, and used in selected prototype applications. Componentry benefits were demonstrated and later the materials were used in operational systems. This review focuses on the applied uses of CCC materials in the fields of friction, aerospace, propulsion, power generation, thermal management, industry, and medicine. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Schmidt, DL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 10 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 35 IS 4 BP 51 EP 63 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 220UH UT WOS:000081685500009 ER PT J AU Narayanan, S Edala, NR Geist, J Kumar, PK Ruff, HA Draper, M Haas, MW AF Narayanan, S Edala, NR Geist, J Kumar, PK Ruff, HA Draper, M Haas, MW TI UMAST: A Web-based architecture for modeling future uninhabited aerial vehicles SO SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE interactive simulations; Java architecture; Web-based modeling; military applications; aerial vehicles; UMAST; UAV; UCAV ID MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS AB The area of unihabited aerial vehicles is receiving increasing attention with the associated technological advances in communication, computing and electronic infrastructure. Unihabited aerial vehicles are defined as aircraft without the on-board presence of pilot or aircrew. The role of humans is primarily on of supervisory control from remote locations. Issues such as systematic approaches to allocating functions between humans and automation, and coordination between remote operators and intelligent controls in the uninhabited vehicles under realistic scenarios are important problems. there is a need for an interactive modeling and simulator environment to support analysis of human/system issues in uninhabited air vehicles. This article describes Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles Modeling and Analysis Simulator Testbed (UMAST), a Web-based modeling and simulation architecture, useful to emulate characteristics of uninhabited aerial vehicles for studying human/system interaction. The architecture, implemented in Java, is extensible and facilitates concurrent, multi-user interactive simulations through a Web browser with high-fidelity user interfaces. This paper outlines the architectural design, implementation, and application of UMAST in the context of a prototypical a military mission. C1 Wright State Univ, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Crew Syst Interface Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Narayanan, S (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIMULATION COUNCILS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 USA SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMULATION JI Simulation PD JUL PY 1999 VL 73 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1177/003754979907300105 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 218TG UT WOS:000081567300005 ER PT J AU Naranja, RJ Iannotti, JP AF Naranja, RJ Iannotti, JP TI Deltoid injury in rotator cuff surgery SO SPORTS MEDICINE AND ARTHROSCOPY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE rotator cuff complications; deltoid denervation; deltoid detachment; failed rotator cuff surgery ID AXILLARY NERVE; MUSCLE ORIGIN; SHOULDER; REPAIR AB Detachment of the deltoid origin after rotator cuff repair is an uncommon complication. In most cases in which the detachment is greater than 4 cm and/or involves the middle deltoid the patient is symptomatic. Pain and weakness are the primary symptoms. Early clinical diagnosis and repair of the defect affords the best chance of recovery. Deltoid denervation can result in severe shoulder weakness. The occurrence of a denervated deltoid can be minimized by careful surgical technique that limits the surgical split of the deltoid muscle fibers. Salvage procedures for rotational deltoplasty and muscle transfers are difficult procedures with limited functional goals. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Presbyterian Med Ctr, Chief Shoulder & Elbow Serv,Dept Orthopaed Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Dept Orthopaed, Minot AFB, ND USA. RP Iannotti, JP (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Presbyterian Med Ctr, Chief Shoulder & Elbow Serv,Dept Orthopaed Surg, 1 Cupp Pavill,39th & Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1062-8592 J9 SPORTS MED ARTHROSC JI Sports Med. Arthrosc. Rev. PD JUL-SEP PY 1999 VL 7 IS 3 BP 188 EP 196 DI 10.1097/00132585-199907000-00005 PG 9 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 239AC UT WOS:000082745800005 ER PT J AU Foy, BD Toxopeus, C Frazier, JM AF Foy, BD Toxopeus, C Frazier, JM TI Kinetic modeling of slow dissociation of bromosulphophthalein from albumin in perfused rat liver: Toxicological implications SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE BSP; albumin; dissociation; toxicokinetics; rat; liver; protein binding ID HEPATIC-UPTAKE; SULFOBROMOPHTHALEIN; CLEARANCE; BINDING; SUBSTANCES; TRANSPORT AB Due to strong binding between organic anions and albumin, the kinetics of the binding process must be carefully considered in biologically-based models used for predictive toxicology applications. Specifically, the slow dissociation rate of an organic anion from the protein may lead to reduced availability of free anion in its how through the capillaries of an organ, in this work, the effect of the dissociation rate of the anion bromosulphophthalein (BSP) from albumin was studied in isolated, perfused rat livers in the presence of albumin concentrations of 0.25, 1, and 4% (w/v) and an initial BSP concentration of 20 mu M. The uptake of BSP from the perfusion medium was modeled using a biologically-based kinetic model of the sinusoidal and intracellular liver compartments. The best fit of the model to data resulted in the prediction of a dow dissociation rate constant for the BSP-albumin of between 0.097 and 0.133 s(-1). Assuming BSP and albumin to be in binding equilibrium in the sinusoidal space, with rapid binding-rate constants, as is often done, produced an unacceptable Bt. These results indicate that the strong binding interaction between BSP and albumin, beyond keeping the concentration of free chemical low due to a small equilibrium dissociation constant, can also reduce uptake by an organ due to the slow release of BSP from the protein during passage through the capillaries. The implication of this dissociation-limited condition, when extrapolating to other doses and in-vivo situations, is discussed. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Foy, BD (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 50 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1093/toxsci/50.1.20 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 251PZ UT WOS:000083455200003 PM 10445749 ER PT J AU DelRaso, NJ Channel, SR AF DelRaso, NJ Channel, SR TI Novel in vitro method for rapid screening of volatile compounds using primary or immortalized rat hepatocytes SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article DE HCFC-123; hepatocytes; in vitro; screen; volatile; WB344 ID GUINEA-PIG LIVER; TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION; GLUTATHIONE DEPLETION; HALOTHANE HEPATITIS; HEPATOTOXICITY; TOXICITY; OZONE; ANTIBODIES; MICROSOMES; HCFC-123 AB The eventual phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons by the year 2000 has resulted in an intense search for replacement agents. A novel in vitro exposure system utilizing anchorage-dependent cell cultures has been, developed to rapidly screen newly developed volatile replacement candidates for potential in vivo toxicity. Primary and WB344 immortalized mt hepatocytes were exposed to candidate volatile agents at 10,000, 100,000, and 580,000 ppm for 4 and 24 h. 1-Chloro-1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124) and 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b) were not found to he cytotoxic using enzyme leakage as an indicator of cell damage. Exposure of primary hepatocytes to 500 000 ppm of 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) indicated significant cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial aspartate S-aminotransferase enzyme leakage at 4 and 24 h. Exposure of these hepatocytes to a mixture of HCFC-123/142b (80/20%) at 500,000 ppm indicated significant enzyme leakage after 24 h of exposure. Exposure of the WB344 hepatocyte cell line to 500,000 ppm of HCFC-123 also indicated significant lactate dehydrogenase leakage at 4 and 24 h. In contrast to primary hepatocytes, WB344 cell leakage significantly increased after 24-h exposure to 100,000 ppm of HCFC-123. Glutathione depletion in primary hepatocytes was not observed following 24-h exposures to any of the candidate agents tested. However 24-h glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly inhibited at the highest concentrations of HCFC-123 and HCFC-123/142b tested. These results correlate well with those found in vivo and indicate the usefulness of this novel testing system to screen volatile chemicals for potential in vivo toxicity. C1 USAF, Operat Toxicol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab,HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DelRaso, NJ (reprint author), USAF, Operat Toxicol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab,HEST, 2856 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD JUL-SEP PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP 137 EP 152 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 231AG UT WOS:000082283400002 ER PT J AU Falanga, V Fujitani, RM Diaz, C Hunter, G Jorizzo, J Lawrence, PF Lee, BY Menzoian, JO Tretbar, LL Holloway, GA Hoballah, J Seabrook, GR McMillan, DE Wolf, W AF Falanga, V Fujitani, RM Diaz, C Hunter, G Jorizzo, J Lawrence, PF Lee, BY Menzoian, JO Tretbar, LL Holloway, GA Hoballah, J Seabrook, GR McMillan, DE Wolf, W TI Systemic treatment of venous leg ulcers with high doses of pentoxifylline: efficacy in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial SO WOUND REPAIR AND REGENERATION LA English DT Article ID PERICAPILLARY FIBRIN; INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION; ULCERATION; OXPENTIFYLLINE; BLOOD; SKIN; LIPODERMATOSCLEROSIS; INSUFFICIENCY; ACCUMULATION; DISEASE AB Several small studies have indicated that the systemic administration of pentoxifylline may accelerate healing of venous leg ulcers. The goal of this study was to further evaluate these findings in a larger scale placebo controlled trial and to explore the effect of the dose of pentoxifylline on healing. The study used a prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel group placebo controlled design in a multicenter outpatient setting. Patients with one or more venous ulcer were enrolled, with all patients receiving standardized compression bandaging for treatment for their ulcers. Patients were also randomized to receive either pentoxifylline 400 mg, pentoxifylline 800 mg (two 400 mg tablets), or placebo tablets three times a day for up to 24 weeks. The main outcome measure was time to complete healing of all leg ulcers, using life table analysis. The study was completed as planned in 131 patients. Patients receiving 800 mg three times a day of pentoxifylline healed faster than placebo (p = 0.043, Wilcoxon test). The median time to complete healing was 100, 83, and 71 days for placebo, pentoxifylline 400 mg, and pentoxifylline 800 mg three times a day, respectively. Over half of all patients were ulcer free at week 16 (placebo) and at week 12 in both pentoxifylline groups. Whereas the placebo group had only achieved complete healing in half of the cases by week 16, all of the subjects remaining in the group receiving the high dose of pentoxifylline had healed completely. Treatment with pentoxifylline was well tolerated with similar drop-out rates in all three treatment groups. Complete wound closure occurred at least 4 weeks earlier in the majority of patients treated with pentoxifylline by comparison to placebo, A higher dose of pentoxifylline (800 mg three times a day) was more effective than the lower dose. We conclude that pentoxifylline is effective in accelerating healing of leg ulcers. C1 Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooklyn VA Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85723 USA. Bowman Grey Med Ctr, Winston Salem, NC USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Castle Point, NY USA. Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Maricopa Med Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. Milwaukee Cty Hosp, Milwaukee, WI USA. Arizona Med Clin, Peoria, IL USA. Univ Florida, Tampa, FL USA. RP Falanga, V (reprint author), Roger Williams Med Ctr, Elmhurst Bldg,50 Maude St, Providence, RI 02908 USA. NR 32 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1067-1927 J9 WOUND REPAIR REGEN JI Wound Repair Regen. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 7 IS 4 BP 208 EP 213 DI 10.1046/j.1524-475X.1999.00208.x PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Dermatology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Surgery SC Cell Biology; Dermatology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Surgery GA 235JB UT WOS:000082537600002 PM 10781212 ER PT J AU Lauer, WJ Carlson, TA AF Lauer, WJ Carlson, TA TI Myocardial bridging - Reply SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Letter C1 375th Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Scott AFB, IL USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Lauer, WJ (reprint author), 375th Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Scott AFB, IL USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JUN 29 PY 1999 VL 99 IS 25 BP 3324 EP 3325 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 210DJ UT WOS:000081089600029 ER PT J AU Christe, KO Hoge, B Boatz, JA Prakash, GKS Olah, GA Sheehy, JA AF Christe, KO Hoge, B Boatz, JA Prakash, GKS Olah, GA Sheehy, JA TI Existence of the halocarbonyl and trifluoromethyl cations in the condensed phase SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; NMR CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; COUPLED-CLUSTER; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; THERMOCHEMISTRY; EFFICIENT AB Experimental and theoretical studies show that neither CF3+ nor FCO+ can be stabilized in the condensed phase with presently known Lewis acids. In the case of ClCO+, stabilization with SbF6- was also not possible, but Sb3F15 possesses sufficient acidity to abstract a fluoride ion from ClFCO in the formation of ClCO+Sb3F16-. This salt was fully characterized, providing the first well-established proof for the existence of a halocarbonyl cation in the condensed phase. Theoretical calculations and thermochemical cycles were used to corroborate our experimental findings, demonstrating that is possible to predict correctly whether a molecule with three different donor sites, such as ClFCO, will form an oxygen-coordinated donor-acceptor adduct or undergo either F- or Cl- abstraction,Furthermore, a method is described for extending natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses to systems containing two different types of competing, p(pi) back-donating ligands. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; Hoge, Berthold/A-4051-2015 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; NR 58 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 28 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 13 BP 3132 EP 3142 DI 10.1021/ic990572o PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 211YK UT WOS:000081189300019 ER PT J AU Hoge, B Boatz, JA Hegge, J Christe, KO AF Hoge, B Boatz, JA Hegge, J Christe, KO TI Experimental and theoretical characterization of the oxygen-coordinated donor-acceptor adducts of COCl2, COClF, and COF2 with AsF5 and SbF5 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; THERMOCHEMISTRY; EFFICIENT; ATOMS AB When reacted with an excess of the corresponding carbonyl halides, AsF5 and SbF5 form the following 1:1 adducts: COCl2. AsF5, COCl2. SbF5, COClF . AsF5, COClF . SbF5, COF2. AsF5, and COF2. SbF5. All adducts are unstable at ambient temperature, and their dissociation enthalpies were determined from the dissociation pressure curves. Vibrational and multinuclear NMR spectra and theoretical calculations show that all compounds are oxygen-coordinated donor-acceptor adducts, and that the strengths of the oxygen bridges increase from COF2 to COCl2 and from AsF5 to SbF5. Full normal coordinate analyses of the adducts demonstrate that the bridging modes occur below 100 cm(-1), justifying the frequently used approximation of analyzing similar weak adducts in terms of their separate donor and acceptor molecules. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 92324 USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; Hoge, Berthold/A-4051-2015 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 28 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 13 BP 3143 EP 3149 DI 10.1021/ic990157w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 211YK UT WOS:000081189300020 ER PT J AU Murchison, DF Burke, FJT Worthington, RB AF Murchison, DF Burke, FJT Worthington, RB TI Incisal edge reattachment: indications for use and clinical technique SO BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROWN FRACTURED INCISORS; ORIGINAL TOOTH FRAGMENT; BONDING AGENTS; ADOLESCENT POPULATION; DENTOALVEOLAR TRAUMA; PERMANENT INCISORS; ANTERIOR TEETH; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; PREVALENCE AB This article presents an overview of the evolution of the incisal edge reattachment procedure. Case reports are described of patients presenting with traumatised teeth in which the reattachment procedure was performed. A review is provided of present in vivo studies detailing long-term success rates in the clinical application of this procedure. finally a recommended technique for diagnosis and treatment is offered to improve success in this procedure which may benefit a significant segment of the paediatric and adolescent populations. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Deet Gen Dent, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Gen Dent Residency, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Glasgow, Sch Dent, Glasgow G2 3JZ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Murchison, DF (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Deet Gen Dent, Lackland AFB, 59 MDW MRDG, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROF SCI PUBL PI LONDON PA TAVISTOCK HOUSE EAST, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0007-0610 J9 BRIT DENT J JI Br. Dent. J. PD JUN 26 PY 1999 VL 186 IS 12 BP 614 EP 619 DI 10.1038/sj.bdj.4800178a PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 215TW UT WOS:000081400300012 PM 10425806 ER PT J AU Ellerbroek, BL Tyler, DW AF Ellerbroek, BL Tyler, DW TI Modeling the combined effect of static and varying phase distortions on the performance of adaptive optical systems SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SKY COVERAGE CALCULATIONS; COMPENSATION; TELESCOPES; HARTMANN AB The end-to-end performance achieved by an adaptive optical (AO) imaging system is determined by a combination of the residual time-varying phase distortions associated with atmospheric turbulence and the quasi-static unsensed and uncorrectable aberrations in the optical system itself. Although the effects of these two errors on the time-averaged Strehl ratio and the time-averaged optical transfer function (OTF) of the AO system are not formally separable, such an approximation is found to be accurate to within a few percent for a range of representative residual wave-front errors. In these calculations, we combined static optical system aberrations and time-varying residual phase distortion characteristics of a deformable mirror fitting error, wave-front sensor noise, and anisoplanatism. The static aberrations consist of focus errors of varying magnitudes as well as a combination of unsensed and uncorrectable mirror figure errors derived from modeling by the Gemini 8-Meter Telescopes Project. The overall Strehl ratios and OTF's that are due to the combined effect of these error sources are well approximated as products of separate factors for the static and time-varying aberrations, as long as the overall Strehl ratio that is due to both errors is greater than approximately 0.1. For lower Strehl ratios, the products provide lower bounds on the actual Values of the Strehl ratio and the OTF. The speckle transfer function is also well approximated by a product of two functions, but only where AO compensation is sufficiently good that speckle imaging techniques are usually not required. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque High Performance Comp Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Ellerbroek, BL (reprint author), USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 18 BP 3857 EP 3868 DI 10.1364/AO.38.003857 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 208FA UT WOS:000080978900003 PM 18319992 ER PT J AU Smets, BF Riefler, RG Lendenmann, U Spain, JC AF Smets, BF Riefler, RG Lendenmann, U Spain, JC TI Kinetic analysis of simultaneous 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,6-DNT biodegradation in an aerobic fluidized-bed biofilm reactor SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE DNT; dinitrotoluene; biofilm kinetics; FBBR; parameter estimation ID SP STRAIN DNT; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; STEADY-STATE; PRACTICAL IDENTIFIABILITY; CHEMOSTAT CULTURES; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; MODEL; SUBSTRATE; PARAMETERS AB We previously reported on the mineralization of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) in an aerobic fluidized-bed bioreactor (FBBR) (Lendenmann et al. 1998 Environ Sci Technol 32:82-87). The current study examines the kinetics of 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT mineralization at increasing loading rates in the FBBR with the goal of obtaining system-independent kinetic parameters. At each steady state, the FBBR was subjected to a set of transient load experiments in which substrate flux in the biofilm and bulk substrate concentrations were measured. The pseudo-steady-state data were used to estimate the biokinetic parameters for 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT removal using a mechanistic mathematical biofilm model and a routine that minimized the sum of the squared residuals (RSS). Estimated kinetic parameters varied slightly for each steady-state; retrieved parameters for q(m) were 0.83 to 0.98 g DNT/g XCOD d for 2,4-DNT removal and 0.14 to 0.33 g DNT/g XCOD d for 2,6-DNT removal. K(s) values for 2,4-DNT removal (0.029 to 0.36 g DNT/m(3)) were consistently lower than K(s) values for 2,6-DNT removal (0.21 to 0.84 g DNT/m(3)). A new approach was introduced to estimate the fundamental biofilm kinetic parameter S(b,min)* from steady-state performance information. Values of S(b,min)* indicated that the FBBR performance was limited by growth potential. Adequate performance of the examined FBBR technology at higher loading rates will depend on an improvement in the growth potential. The obtained kinetic parameters, q(m), K(s), and S(b,min)*, can be used to aid in the design of aerobic FBBRs treating waters containing DNT mixtures. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Connecticut, Environm Engn Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USAF, Armstrong Lab, AFRL MLQR, Tundall AFB, FL USA. RP Smets, BF (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Environm Engn Program, 261 Glenbrook Rd,U-37, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM bsmets@engr.uconn.edu RI Smets, Barth F./A-5076-2014 OI Smets, Barth F./0000-0003-4119-6292 NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JUN 20 PY 1999 VL 63 IS 6 BP 642 EP 653 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19990620)63:6<642::AID-BIT2>3.0.CO;2-B PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 189FT UT WOS:000079894400002 PM 10397821 ER PT J AU Smith, PR Rosenberger, AH Shepard, MJ AF Smith, PR Rosenberger, AH Shepard, MJ TI Tape cast second generation orthorhombic-based titanium aluminide alloys for MMC applications SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Smith, PR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUN 18 PY 1999 VL 41 IS 2 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00162-1 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 220QA UT WOS:000081676700017 ER PT J AU Hay, A Gust, I Hampson, A Nerome, K Lim, W Chan, M Saw, TA Mak, KH Canas, L Guo, Y AF Hay, A Gust, I Hampson, A Nerome, K Lim, W Chan, M Saw, TA Mak, KH Canas, L Guo, Y TI Update: Influenza activity - United States and worldwide, 1998-99 season, and composition of the 1999-2000 influenza vaccine (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 374, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Parkville, Vic, Australia. Natl Inst Infect Dis, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Tokyo, Japan. Dept Hlth Hong Kong, Special Adm Reg, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Natl Ctr Prevent Med, Inst Virol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. WHO, Natl Influenza Ctr, Div Emerging & Other Communicable Dis Surveilianc, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Virol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Natl Resp Enter Virus Surveillance Syst Collabora, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, WHO Collaborating Labs, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Influenza Branch,Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Sentinel Phys Influenza Surveillance Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Sentinel Phys Influenza Surveillance Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hay, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Med Res, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, England. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 16 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 23 BP 2178 EP 2180 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 204RB UT WOS:000080777000013 ER PT J AU Nelson, RL Boyd, RW AF Nelson, RL Boyd, RW TI Enhanced third-order nonlinear optical response of photonic bandgap materials SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC STRUCTURES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; GAP SOLITONS; EDGE; RATES AB We calculate the nonlinear phase shift acquired bq a laser beam in propagating through a one-dimensional photonic bandgap material, that is a material in which the linear refractive index is periodically modulated along the direction of propagation. We find that the: nonlinear phase shift shows resonances for laser frequencies close to the edge of tilt stop hand of the photonic bandgap structure. Enhancements of the nonlinear phase: shift compared with that of a homogeneous nonlinear optical material by a factor of approximately five are predicted under realistic laboratory conditions. m-e find that similar enhancements of the two-photon absorption rare can occur for a material with an imaginary nonlinear susceptibility. We also treat the case of a photonic bandgap material containing a 'defect,' that is a central region somewhat too thick to conform to the periodicity of the system, and find that the nonlinear phase shift can be enhanced by a factor of approximately thirty. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD JUN 15 PY 1999 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1061 EP 1069 DI 10.1080/09500349908230399 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 209GY UT WOS:000081040900002 ER PT J AU Campbell, AL Bunning, TJ Stone, MO Church, D Grace, MS AF Campbell, AL Bunning, TJ Stone, MO Church, D Grace, MS TI Surface ultrastructure of pit organ, spectacle, and non pit organ epidermis of infrared imaging bold snakes: A scanning probe and scanning electron microscopy study SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE artificial infrared detectors; boid snakes; electromagnetic radiation; infrared imaging; morphology; natural infrared detectors; pit organ; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); scanning probe microscopy (SPM); scatter ID PATTERNS AB Boid snakes possess unique infrared imaging pit organs. The ultrastructure of the surfaces of these organs scatter or reflect electromagnetic radiation of specific wavelengths. Pit organ epidermal surfaces of hold snakes are covered with arrays of pore-like structures called micropits. In order to determine the dimensions of this complicated surface structure, we have performed the first ultrastructural analysis on snake epidermis by high-resolution microscopy techniques. Using scanning probe microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we found that the epidermis of pit organ, maxillary non pit organ, spectacle, and ventral scales contain arrays of micropits. These scale surfaces also contain major surface features of overlapping plate-like structures. Pit organ micropits averaged 319 nm in diameter and 46 nm in depth and were spaced an average of 808 nm from each other. These micropits were significantly deeper, of greater diameter, and spaced at greater distances apart than those of the other scales. Plate structures of the pit organs had a mean distance between plates of 3.5 mu m and a mean plate step height of 151 nm. These differences serve to strengthen the argument that arrays of micropit and plate surface structures function as spectral filters or anti-reflective coatings with respect to incident electromagnetic radiation. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Campbell, AL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ Bldg 651,Area B,3005 P Street,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JUN 15 PY 1999 VL 126 IS 2 BP 105 EP 120 DI 10.1006/jsbi.1999.4121 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 216ZZ UT WOS:000081475500003 PM 10388622 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Seetharaman, V Ghosh, AK AF Semiatin, SL Seetharaman, V Ghosh, AK TI Plastic flow, microstructure evolution, and defect formation during primary hot working of titanium and titanium aluminide alloys with lamellar colony microstructures SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE titanium alloys; titanium aluminide alloys; constitutive behaviour; ingot breakdown; shear band formation; cavitation ID DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; DEFORMATION; FRACTURE; TI-6AL-2SN-4ZR-2MO-0.1SI; TEMPERATURES; WORKABILITY; SIMULATION; STRAIN AB Plastic flow response, microstructure evolution, and defect formation during the primary hot working of conventional alpha/beta titanium alloys and gamma titanium aluminide alloys with two-phase lamellar colony microstructures are reviewed. The effects of initial grain/colony size, deformation rate and temperature on constitutive behaviour and the mechanisms associated with the observed flow softening are discussed. The kinetics of dynamic globularization are summarized and interpreted in terms of measured constitutive response. Tn addition, the mechanisms underlying failure via shear localization and cavitation during breakdown metalworking operations are described. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JUN 15 PY 1999 VL 357 IS 1756 BP 1487 EP 1511 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 211HT UT WOS:000081155400005 ER PT J AU Zapol, P Pandey, R Seel, M Recio, JM Ohmer, MC AF Zapol, P Pandey, R Seel, M Recio, JM Ohmer, MC TI Density functional study of the structure, thermodynamics and electronic properties of CdGeAs2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID CHALCOPYRITE SEMICONDUCTORS; EXCHANGE-ENERGY; APPROXIMATION; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR AB Structural, thermodynamic and electronic properties of CdGeAs2 with chalcopyrite structure are investigated in the framework of density functional theory. We employ the linear combination of atomic orbitals method with the Gaussian basis sets and present the results for the equation of state, the Gruneisen constant, the electronic band structure and the pressure coefficients of the valence and conduction levels in CdGeAs2. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Oviedo, Dept Quim Fis & Analit, Oviedo 33006, Spain. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012; Recio, J. Manuel/H-1343-2015 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169; Recio, J. Manuel/0000-0002-3182-7508 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 14 PY 1999 VL 11 IS 23 BP 4517 EP 4526 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/11/23/306 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 207FC UT WOS:000080924600009 ER PT J AU Narayanan, L Moghaddam, AP Taylor, AG Sudberry, GL Fisher, JW AF Narayanan, L Moghaddam, AP Taylor, AG Sudberry, GL Fisher, JW TI Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of low levels of dichloroacetic acid and its metabolites in blood and urine SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE dichloroacetic acid; oxalic acid; glyoxylic acid; glycolic acid ID B6C3F1 MICE; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; DRINKING-WATER; RAT; CARCINOGENICITY; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; CONVERSION; TOXICITY AB Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is a contaminant found in treated drinking water due to chlorination. DCA has been shown to be a complete hepatocarcinogen in both mice and rats. In this study we developed a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to simultaneously detect DCA and its metabolites, oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid and glycolic acid in blood and urine samples of animals sub-chronically administered with DCA (2 g/l) in drinking water. Both urine and plasma samples were treated minimally before HPLC analysis. Separation and detection of DCA and its metabolites were achieved using an anion-exchange column and a conductivity detector. The mobile phase consisted of an initial concentration of 0.01 mM sodium hydroxide in 40% methanol followed by a linear gradient from 0.01 mM to 60 mM sodium hydroxide in 40% methanol for 30 min. The lower detection limit for DCA and each of its three major metabolites was 0.05 mu g/ml. DCA and its metabolites gave a linear response range from 0.05 to 100 mu g/ml. Plasma DCA was also analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), and the results obtained correlated with those from the HPLC method (correlation coefficient=0.999). While available HPLC techniques offer sensitive procedures to detect either glycolic acid or oxalic acid, the described HPLC method has the unique advantage of determining simultaneously the parent compound (DCA) and its three major metabolites (oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid and glycolic acid) in biological samples, without complex sample preparation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Narayanan, L (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, 2865 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUN 11 PY 1999 VL 729 IS 1-2 BP 271 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00165-6 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 207JC UT WOS:000080932900031 PM 10410952 ER PT J AU Wick, DV Martinez, T Wood, MV Wilkes, JM Gruneisen, MT Berenberg, VA Vasil'ev, MV Onokhov, AP Beresnev, LA AF Wick, DV Martinez, T Wood, MV Wilkes, JM Gruneisen, MT Berenberg, VA Vasil'ev, MV Onokhov, AP Beresnev, LA TI Deformed-helix ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator that demonstrates high diffraction efficiency and 370-line pairs mm resolution SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB New liquid-crystal media and photoconductor materials are being utilized in spatial light modulators to increase their resolution, diffraction efficiency, speed, and sensitivity. A prototypical device developed for real-time holography applications has shown an 8% diffraction efficiency from a holographic grating with a spatial frequency of 370 line pairs/mm (lp/mm). At 18 lp/mm the device has demonstrated a 31% diffraction efficiency with a 600-mu s hologram write time using 400-nJ/cm(2) write beams. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 090.1000, 230.6120, 160.2260, 160.3710. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEBS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. SC Vavilov State Opt Inst, Inst Laser Phys, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wick, DV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEBS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM wickd@plk.af.mil NR 15 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 10 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 17 BP 3798 EP 3803 DI 10.1364/AO.38.003798 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 208EZ UT WOS:000080978800013 PM 18319987 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA AF Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA TI Rate constants for the reaction of O-2(+) with NO from 300 to 1400 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE 300-1800 K; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; ENERGY; O+; CO2; N-2; AR AB The rate constants for the charge transfer reaction of O-2(+) with NO have been measured from 300 to 1400 K using a high temperature flowing afterglow. The current results agree well with the previous flowing afterglow studies made at temperatures up to 900 K. The rate constants have no significant temperature dependence over the entire temperature range. The rate constants are in good agreement with the previous flow drift tube measurements at the same translational temperatures. Any dependence of the rate constant on internal energy is therefore small. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)00322-0]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate VSBP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Midey, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate VSBP, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 22 BP 10746 EP 10748 DI 10.1063/1.479017 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 199FF UT WOS:000080469200014 ER PT J AU Barker, JR AF Barker, JR TI Communication, organization, and performance. SO ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Barker, JR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Barker, James/A-1448-2008 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ADMINISTRATIVE, SCI QUARTERLY PI ITHACA PA CORNELL UNIV, JOHNSON SCHOOL, 20 THORNWOOD DR, STE 100, ITHACA, NY 14850-1265 USA SN 0001-8392 J9 ADMIN SCI QUART JI Adm. Sci. Q. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 44 IS 2 BP 436 EP 439 DI 10.2307/2667009 PG 4 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA 211KM UT WOS:000081160000015 ER PT J AU Maruyama, B AF Maruyama, B TI Progress & promise aluminum composites SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Discontinuously reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites comprise a technologically maturing materials system capable of competing with conventional aluminum and titanium alloys, as well as organic matrix composites. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Maruyama, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0026-0665 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 155 IS 6 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 202ZZ UT WOS:000080683600004 ER PT J AU Hawley, RE AF Hawley, RE TI F-22 Raptor: Dominating the skies SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Hawley, RE (reprint author), Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 37 IS 6 BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 204VK UT WOS:000080785200010 ER PT J AU Settersten, T Linne, M Gord, J Fiechtner, G AF Settersten, T Linne, M Gord, J Fiechtner, G TI Density matrix and rate equation analyses for picosecond pump probe combustion diagnostics SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 36th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 12-15, 1998 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID ABSORPTION; FLAMES AB Further developments in picosecond pump/probe combustion diagnostics are described. The rate equation formalism originally used to model the pump/probe interaction is not entirely appropriate for a 2-ps interaction. For that reason, a new nonperturbative density matrix model that more exactly describes the pump/probe interaction is presented. Our goal is to discover how well the pump/probe interaction is described by the rate equations, when the interaction occurs within the rate equation limits, or to find a similarly simple expression. The model is described, results are presented, and then a comparison between the two formalisms is made. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Combust & Environm Res, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Settersten, T (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Combust & Environm Res, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Settersten, Thomas/B-3480-2009 OI Settersten, Thomas/0000-0002-8017-0258 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 37 IS 6 BP 723 EP 731 DI 10.2514/2.780 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 201DA UT WOS:000080578400010 ER PT J AU Hilton, TJ Ferracane, JL AF Hilton, TJ Ferracane, JL TI Cavity preparation factors and microleakage of Class II composite restorations filled at intraoral temperatures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESIN; DENTIN; TEETH AB Purpose: To determine if alteration of any of the following factors could reduce microleakage following placement of Class II resin-based composites (RBC) at intraoral temperature: cavity preparation (vertical wall bevels), finishing technique (delayed vs. immediate), or postoperative re-bonding (marginal sealing). An additional purpose was to determine if a decalcification/clearing protocol was a valid technique for assessing three-dimensional microleakage. Materials and Methods: Twenty recently extracted human molars had standardized Class II slot cavities prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces with the gingival floor located on dentin. The teeth were imbedded in a stone template, warmed to 37 degrees C and restored immediately upon removal from the oven with visible light-cured (VLC) adhesive (All-Bond 2) and three horizontal increments of VLC RBC (Bisfil P) using a metal matrix. Teeth were placed into one of four groups: (1) Control; (2) The preparation was modified to include 0.5 - 1.0 mm enamel bevels on the vertical walls (facial and lingual) (3) Finishing of the RBC was delayed 24 hours; (4) Following immediate finishing, all margins of the RBC restorations were sealed by dentin bonding agent application. Teeth were stored at 37 degrees C for 2 weeks, thermocycled 1000x at 5/55 degrees C, stained with silver nitrate, underwent a decalcification and clearing protocol, and evaluated for three-dimensional dye penetration. Results: Axial-occlusal enamel margins exhibited minimal leakage and no differences among the groups. Vertical walls without bevels exhibited pronounced microleakage. Beveled vertical proximal walls exhibited significantly less facial and lingual wall microleakage compared to all other groups, and less gingival marginal leakage compared to the control group. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Biomat & Biomech, Sch Dent, Portland, OR 97201 USA. USAF, Dent Invest Serv Detl, HSC, AOCD, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Hilton, TJ (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Biomat & Biomech, Sch Dent, 611 SW Campus Dr,SD-505, Portland, OR 97201 USA. OI Ferracane, Jack/0000-0002-6511-5488 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSHER & LINDER, INC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 9859 IH-10 WEST, SUITE 107/489, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78230-2236 USA SN 0894-8275 J9 AM J DENT JI Am. J. Dent. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 12 IS 3 BP 123 EP 130 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 200EN UT WOS:000080526800006 PM 10649934 ER PT J AU Hagge, MS Lindemuth, JS Broome, JC Fox, MJ AF Hagge, MS Lindemuth, JS Broome, JC Fox, MJ TI Effect of refrigeration on shear bond strength of three dentin bonding systems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY; ADHESION AB Purpose: To determine whether use of dentin bonding agents directly from refrigerated storage would have adverse effects on their shear bond strength to dentin. Materials and Methods: Resin-based composite cylinders were bonded to dentin on the ground occlusal surfaces of 60 extracted human molars using three different dentin bonding systems at 3.0 degrees C and 23.5 degrees C. The cylinders were then debonded using an Instron testing machine in compression mode at 0.5 mm/sec. The results were interpreted with t-test and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc analysis. Results:: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose demonstrated significantly lower shear bond strengths at 23.5 degrees C (P < 0.05) than all other groups at both 3.0 degrees C and 23.5 degrees C. All-Bond 2 and Prime & Bond had higher shear bond strengths at refrigerated temperature, but the differences were insignificant in magnitude. C1 USAF, Dent Squadron 60, SGDE, DC, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Pacific Sch Dent, Dept Operat Dent, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USAF, DC, Dent Squdaron 3, Elmendorf AFB, AK USA. USAF, DC, Gen Dent Dept, Med Squadron 36, APO, AP USA. RP Lindemuth, JS (reprint author), USAF, Dent Squadron 60, SGDE, DC, 101 Bodin Circle,Bldg 777, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSHER & LINDER, INC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 9859 IH-10 WEST, SUITE 107/489, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78230-2236 USA SN 0894-8275 J9 AM J DENT JI Am. J. Dent. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 12 IS 3 BP 131 EP 133 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 200EN UT WOS:000080526800007 PM 10649935 ER PT J AU Michalek, JE Ketchum, NS Check, IJ AF Michalek, JE Ketchum, NS Check, IJ TI Serum dioxin and immunologic response in veterans of operation ranch hand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autoantibodies; dioxins; herbicides; hypersensitivity, delayed; immune system; military personnel; skin tests; veterans ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; PRIMATE CALLITHRIX-JACCHUS; HELPER CELL-FUNCTION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN TCDD; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; "2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; FOLLOW-UP; SUPPRESSION AB The authors studied immune response and exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) among veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the US Air Force unit responsible for the aerial spraying of herbicides in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. A comparison group of Air Force veterans who served in Southeast Asia but were not involved in spraying herbicides was included. The authors studied delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test responses to Candida albicans, mumps, Trichophyton, and a bacterial antigen made from lysed Staphylococcus aureus, Lymphocyte measurements included total lymphocyte counts; T-cell (CD3, CD4, CD5, and CD8), B-cell (CD20), and NK-cell (CD16 and CD56) subsets; and expression of the activation antigen CD25 on CD3 T cells. The authors quantitated the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, and IgM; examined sera for the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulins (M proteins); and looked for a broad range of autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody, smooth muscle autoantibody, mitochondrial autoantibody, parietal cell autoantibody, and thyroid microsomal autoantibodies), They measured the level of dioxin in 1987 or 1992, extrapolated the result to the time of service in Vietnam, and assigned each veteran to one of four exposure categories: Comparison and three Ranch Hand groups (Background, Low, or High). Overall, the authors found no evidence of a consistent: relation between dioxin exposure category and immune system alteration. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDB, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEDB, 2606 Doolittle Dr,Bldg 807, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1999 VL 149 IS 11 BP 1038 EP 1046 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 200DJ UT WOS:000080524100009 PM 10355380 ER PT J AU Cina, SJ Ward, ME Hopkins, MA Nichols, CA AF Cina, SJ Ward, ME Hopkins, MA Nichols, CA TI Multifactorial analysis of firearm wounds to the head with attention to anatomic location SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE firearms; gunshot; death; autopsy ID CRANIOCEREBRAL GUNSHOT WOUNDS; INJURIES; WAR AB Firearm wounds to the head are often fatal and are routinely encountered in the practice of forensic pathology in the United States. Often, the anatomic site of the entrance wound is used to support or refute the manner of death indicated by the scene investigation and/or circumstances of the case. The present retrospective study of 120 fatalities resulting from 140 firearm wounds to the head correlates the anatomic region of the entrance wound and range of fire with the manner of death. Other demographic data analyzed include age, race, and gender of the decedents, as well as evidence of drug and/or ethanol use. It is hoped that this study will provide concrete data to support the largely anecdotal associations between the specific site of entry of firearm injuries to the head and the manner of death. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cina, SJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 20 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1097/00000433-199906000-00001 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 210MZ UT WOS:000081110400001 PM 10414647 ER PT J AU Simpson, JP Savarise, MT Moore, J AF Simpson, JP Savarise, MT Moore, J TI Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy: What predicts the need for admission? SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course Program, Southeastern Surgical Congress CY FEB 13-17, 1999 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA ID SURGERY AB Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is commonly performed as an outpatient (OP) procedure in selected patients, either in ambulatory surgery units associated with a hospital or in freestanding facilities. To identify factors that may preclude OPLC, a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent LC by two surgeons from August 1996 through June 1998 was performed. A total of 126 patients were divided into three groups. Group I comprised 102 patients who underwent attempted elective OPLC. Group II comprised 20 patients who underwent LC on an emergent basis. Group III comprised 5 patients who were admitted before LC. Data were gathered regarding patient demographics, preoperative diagnoses, preoperative laboratory values, length of stay after surgery, and complications. These data were analyzed using logistic regression and univariate analysis. Age >60 and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class >2 appeared to be significant predictors of admission, but when considered together, neither was significant. The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis or biliary pancreatitis was highly predictive of admission in both groups. An ASA class >2 did predict postoperative stay of more than 12 hours. These data suggest that OPLC can be performed safely in unselected patients. However, those patients with an ASA class >2 or with a diagnosis of biliary pancreatitis or acute cholecystitis are more likely to require admission or postoperative stay over 12 hours, and these criteria should be considered relative contraindications to OPLC in free-standing facilities. C1 Keesler Med Ctr, Keesler AFB, MS USA. RP Simpson, JP (reprint author), SGCQ, MSGS 81, 301 Fisher St,Room 1A132, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 65 IS 6 BP 525 EP 528 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 200RC UT WOS:000080553000011 PM 10366206 ER PT J AU Kennebeck, GA Wong, AK Berry, WR Higgins, JP Manubens, SM AF Kennebeck, GA Wong, AK Berry, WR Higgins, JP Manubens, SM TI Mediastinal bronchogenic cyst manifesting as a catastrophic myocardial infarction SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article AB Congenital bronchogenic cysts of the lung and mediastinum develop from the ventral foregut during embryogenesis. These cysts are often incidental radiologic findings in adults, but patients can be seen with symptoms of chest pain, cough, dyspnea, or any combination of these. Acute presentations are unusual and have rarely been reported. We present the unique case of a 36-year-old man seen with an acute coronary syndrome and sudden hemodynamic collapse. The patient sustained a massive and ultimately fatal myocardial infarction, compression of the left main coronary artery by a bronchogenic cyst was demonstrated at postmortem examination. If detected, bronchogenic cysts should be surgically excised to limit associated morbidity and mortality. (C) 1999 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, SGOMC, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. David Grant Med Ctr, Div Cardiothorac Surg, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wong, AK (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, SGOMC, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1789 EP 1791 DI 10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00340-9 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 211AM UT WOS:000081137800062 PM 10391298 ER PT J AU Schenzle, A Lenke, H Spain, JC Knackmuss, HJ AF Schenzle, A Lenke, H Spain, JC Knackmuss, HJ TI Chemoselective nitro group reduction and reductive dechlorination initiate degradation of 2-chloro-5-nitrophenol by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOALCALIGENES; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NITROREDUCTASE GENE; FLAVOBACTERIUM SP; CELL-EXTRACTS; PURIFICATION; PATHWAY; TETRACHLOROHYDROQUINONE AB Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 utilizes 2-chloro-5-nitrophenol as a sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. The initial steps for degradation of 2-chloro-5-nitrophenol are analogous to those of 3-nitrophenol degradation in R. eutropha JMP134. 2-Chloro-5-nitrophenol is initially reduced to 2-chloro-5-hydroxylaminophenol, which is subject to an enzymatic Bamberger rearrangement yielding 2-amino-5-chlorohydroquinone. The chlorine of 2-amino-5-chlorohydroquinone is removed by a reductive mechanism, and aminohydroquinone is formed. 2-Chloro-5-nitrophenol and 3-nitrophenol induce the expression of 3-nitrophenol nitroreductase, of 3-hydroxylaminophenol mutase, and of the dechlorinating activity. 3-Nitrophenol nitroreductase catalyzes chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro groups to hydroxylamino groups in the presence of NADPH. 3-Nitrophenol nitroreductase is active with a variety of mono-, di-, and trinitroaromatic compounds, demonstrating a relaxed substrate specificity of the enzyme. Nitrosobenzene serves as a substrate for the enzyme and is converted faster than nitrobenzene. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Mikrobiol, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Fraunhofer Inst Grenzflachen & Bioverfahrenstech, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. AFRL MRLQ, Armstrong Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Knackmuss, HJ (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Mikrobiol, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM imbhjk@po.uni-stuttgart.de NR 52 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 65 IS 6 BP 2317 EP 2323 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 201YF UT WOS:000080624300007 PM 10347008 ER PT J AU Vogel, A Nahen, K Theisen, D Birngruber, R Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA AF Vogel, A Nahen, K Theisen, D Birngruber, R Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA TI Influence of optical aberrations on laser-induced plasma formation in water and their consequences for intraocular photodisruption SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC TRANSIENT GENERATION; INDUCED BREAKDOWN; YAG LASERS; HUMAN EYE; PULSES; PICOSECOND; DYNAMICS; THRESHOLDS; NEODYMIUM; LIQUIDS AB The influence of spherical aberrations on laser-induced plasma formation in water by 6-ns Nd:YAG laser pulses was investigated for focusing angles that are used in intraocular microsurgery. Waveform distortions of 5.5 lambda and 18.5 lambda between the optical axis and the 1/e(2) irradiance values of the laser beam were introduced by replacement of laser achromats in the delivery system by planoconvex lenses. Aberrations of 18.5 lambda increased the energy threshold for plasma formation by a factor of 8.5 compared with the optimized system. The actual irradiance threshold for optical breakdown was determined from the threshold energy in the optimized system and the spot size measured with a knife-edge technique. For aberrations of 18.5 lambda the irradiance threshold was 48 times larger than the actual threshold when it was calculated by use of the diffraction-limited spot size but was 35 times smaller when it was calculated by use of the measured spot size. The latter discrepancy is probably due to hot spots in the focal region of the aberrated laser beam. Hence the determination of the optical-breakdown threshold in the presence of aberrations leads to highly erroneous results. In the presence of aberrations the plasmas are as much as 3 times longer and the transmitted energy is 17-20 times higher than without aberrations. Aberrations can thus strongly compromise the precision and the safety of intraocular microsurgery. They can further account for a major part of the differences in the breakdown-threshold and the plasma-transmission values reported in previous investigations. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 Med Laser Ctr Lubeck, D-23562 Lubeck, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Vogel, A (reprint author), Med Laser Ctr Lubeck, Peter Monnik Weg 4, D-23562 Lubeck, Germany. EM vogel@mll.mu-lubeck.de RI Vogel, Alfred/D-9852-2011; Birngruber, Reginald/Q-2342-2016 NR 40 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 16 BP 3636 EP 3643 DI 10.1364/AO.38.003636 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 200RM UT WOS:000080553900026 PM 18319968 ER PT J AU Ricci, MRM Meffert, JJ Grimwood, R Elston, D AF Ricci, MRM Meffert, JJ Grimwood, R Elston, D TI Congenital painful pedal mass SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ricci, MRM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 135 IS 6 BP 708 EP + PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 205EH UT WOS:000080808000017 ER PT J AU Gordon, LL Hagino, RT Jackson, MR Modrall, JG Valentine, RJ Clagett, GP AF Gordon, LL Hagino, RT Jackson, MR Modrall, JG Valentine, RJ Clagett, GP TI Complex aortofemoral prosthetic infections - The role of autogenous superficial femoropopliteal vein reconstruction SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 106th Scientific Session of the Western-Sugical-Association CY NOV 16-18, 1998 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Western Surg Assoc ID LOWER-EXTREMITY DEEP; GRAFT INFECTION; REPLACEMENT; MANAGEMENT AB Background: With increasing experience, we have encountered patients with complex aortofemoral prosthetic infections in whom extra-anatomic bypass (EAB) is not an option. Hypothesis: Autogenous superficial femoropopliteal vein (SFPV) aortic reconstruction provides a limb-saving and lifesaving alternative with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: University-based county, private, and Veterans Affairs hospitals. Patients: Seventeen patients with infected aortofemoral bypasses in whom conventional EAB was impossible because of infection of previously placed EAB, massive groin and/or thigh sepsis, or both. Main Outcome Measures: Morbidity and mortality. Results: Multiple previous operations were common (mean, 4 per patient) and included EAB (n = 11), re placement aortofemoral bypass (n = 4), prosthetic femoropopliteal bypass (n=7), and thoracobifemoral bypass (n = 1); all bypasses became infected. Overall, 11 patients had sepsis at the time of presentation. Of the patients with massive groin infection, 7 had extensive deep infections involving most of the proximal thighs or retroperitoneum, 4 had enterocutaneous fistulae, and 2 had necrotizing fasciitis of the lower abdomen and thigh. Polymicrobial infections were common (n = 9). Four patients (24%) died in the perioperative period, 8 (47%) suffered major complications, and 4 (24%) underwent major amputations. Mortality in this group of patients was 3 times that of all other patients undergoing autogenous SFPV aortic reconstruction for prosthetic infection (8%). Amputation rates were also increased (24% vs 6%). The mean +/- SD follow-up time is 23 +/- 21 months. All patients maintained patent SFPV reconstructions. Conclusions: In the setting of complex aortofemoral prosthetic infections, autogenous SFPV aortic reconstruction is a useful option for patients in whom EAB is impossible and limb loss and/or death would be inevitable without revascularization. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Sect, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Clagett, GP (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 134 IS 6 BP 615 EP 620 DI 10.1001/archsurg.134.6.615 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 202YG UT WOS:000080679300008 PM 10367870 ER PT J AU Hasselquist, A Baker, SP AF Hasselquist, A Baker, SP TI Homebuilt aircraft crashes SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE homebuilt aircraft; amateur-built; ultralight aircraft AB Background While the number of general aviation crashes has decreased over the 5 yr prior to 1993, the total number of homebuilt aircraft crashes has increased by nearly 25%. Research was undertaken to analyze these crashes and identify causal factors or unique problems associated with homebuilt aircraft. Methods: Some 200 National Transportation Safety Board computer records and two-page descriptive briefs were analyzed for homebuilt aircraft crashes during 1993. Using descriptive epidemiology, variables were looked at in detail and comparisons were made with general aviation crashes during the same year. Results: Despite accounting For only 3% of all hours Flown in general aviation certified aircraft For 1993, homebuilt aircraft accounted for 10% of the crashes and experienced a higher fatal crash rate. Crashes due to mechanical failure and crashes on takeoff and climb were more common in homebuiit aircraft as compared with general aviation. Other significant causal factors for homebuilt aircraft crashes included: minimal flight time in type specific aircraft, improper maintenance and improper design or assembly. Conclusions: Greater emphasis needs to be placed on educating homebuilt aircraft owners in the importance of following Federal Aviation Administration guidelines for certification and air worthiness testing. Understanding the aircraft's specifications and design limitations prior to the initial Flight and properly maintaining the aircraft should also help to reverse the trend in the number of these crashes and subsequent lives lost. A system for assuring that all homebuilt aircraft are certified and more accurate reporting of flight hours are needed for accurate tracking of homebuilt aircraft crash rates. Keywords: Homebuilt aircraft, amateur-built, ultralight aircraft. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, RAM 98, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Hasselquist, A (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, RAM 98, 2602 W Gate Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 6 BP 543 EP 547 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 201GB UT WOS:000080585700001 PM 10373043 ER PT J AU Albery, WB AF Albery, WB TI Echocardiographic evaluation of female centrifuge subjects for chronic changes in cardiac function SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE echocardiography; sustained acceleration; cardiac function; female health ID EXPOSURE AB Background: High sustained G exposure as experienced in flying high performance aircraft can affect cardiac function. Numerous studies, mostly on male pilots, have evaluated the chronic effects of exposure to high G. To date, none of these studies has revealed significant positive findings in cardiac function as a result of long-term high G exposure. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on six female centrifuge panel members who did not have a history of significant high +Gz exposure. Baseline echocardiographic studies were conducted prior to any +Cz exposure on the Dynamic Environment Simulator (DES) centrifuge. The echocardiograms were repeated after each panel member completed approximately 100 3-min high G (up to 9 G) exposures over the period of 7 mo. These follow-up echos were performed after all six subjects had been exposed to at least 6 h (cumulative) of sustained acceleration > 3 G. The women were protected with the COMBAT EDGE positive pressure breathing G protection ensemble. Each subject served as her own control. All studies were evaluated independently by a cardiologist who was blinded to the order in which the echos were performed. Although complete echocardiographic studies were performed, only the parameters identified as significant in prior studies were evaluated. Results: No significant differences were found between the initial and follow-up echo parameters. Conclusions: We found no significant differences in cardiac function after at least 6 and up to 17 h (cumulative) of exposure to G > 3 in women. These subjects will be monitored during a longitudinal study throughout their centrifuge subject career. C1 USAF, Accelerat Effects & Escape Branch, Biodynam & Protect Div, Res Lab,HEPA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Albery, WB (reprint author), USAF, Accelerat Effects & Escape Branch, Biodynam & Protect Div, Res Lab,HEPA, Bldg 824, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 6 BP 561 EP 564 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 201GB UT WOS:000080585700004 PM 10373046 ER PT J AU Piepmeier, EH Kalns, JE AF Piepmeier, EH Kalns, JE TI Fibroblast response to rapid decompression and hyperbaric oxygenation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DNA replication; cell model; protein production; cell stress; cytoskeleton ID GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION; LUNG AB Introduction: The cellular basis for symptoms associated with rapid decompression and the use of hyperbaric oxygenation treatment HBO) is not established. Methods: Image analysis, sulforhodamine B assay and bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU) incorporation were used to identify cellular changes associated with rapid decompression (RD) or hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). Human fibroblasts were exposed to RD or HBO and compared with untreated cells. Immediately following treatment, the fraction of cells synthesizing DNA was measured by detection of cells incorporating the BrDU. Ar 1 d and 3 d following the treatments, total cell protein adherent to the bottom of wells was measured using a sulforhodamine B assay. Cell density was observed with light microscopy and quantified with image analysis. Results: RD increased total protein significantly, (p ( 0.05) relative to control, while HBO had less effect. The fraction of cells synthesizing DNA was increased by HBO and reduced by RD relative to control (p < 0.05). Image analysis showed that cell density at day 1 was: control>HBO>RD; and at day 3: RD>HBO>control, indicating an increase in proliferation induced by the treatments. Conclusion: This data shows that HBO and RD increase the proliferation of fibroblasts for 24 h following treatment. HBO in creased DNA replication. While there was a decrease in DNA replication following RD, protein synthesis was enhanced. C1 Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Armstrong Lab, Davis Hyperbar Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Piepmeier, EH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 6 BP 589 EP 593 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 201GB UT WOS:000080585700009 PM 10373051 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, TT Dodge, RE Jennings, RT Valdez, MR AF Yasuhara, TT Dodge, RE Jennings, RT Valdez, MR TI Specialty competencies for residents in aerospace medicine SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aerospace medicine education; clinical competence standards; competency-based education; preventive medicine education; internship and residency standards ID PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AB Background: The American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM), with sponsorship from the Health Resources Administration (HRSA), has published core competencies that are common to all preventive medicine residencies-aerospace medicine (ASM), occupational medicine (OM), and general preventive medicine/public health (CPM/PH). Further development of specialty area competencies for ASM residents was addressed by a working group comprised of representatives from each of the four ASM residency programs. Methods: Representatives from the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright State University, University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, and the Naval Operational Medicine institute convened to develop a set of broad competency statements for ASM residents that would encompass the breadth of ASM residency training as it is currently provided in the U.S. Results: A listing of six ASM resident competencies, with supporting skill sets, are presented. In combination with the ACPM core competencies, the ASM resident competencies represent a refocusing of educational objectives on skills attainment. Conclusions: The ASM resident competencies identify the capabilities of graduating ASM residents as distinct from OM and CPM/PH residents. Ar the same time, they are broad enough to permit specific areas of emphasis (e.g., military, civil, or space) to be pursued within the various ASM residencies. This represents the First successful attempt to draft a consolidated statement of educational objectives that has universal acceptance and applicability across ail U.S. aerospace medicine residencies. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Dept Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Community Med, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Aerosp Med Residency, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. USN, Operat Med Inst, Aerosp Med Residency, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Yasuhara, TT (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Dept Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 6 BP 609 EP 611 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 201GB UT WOS:000080585700013 PM 10373055 ER PT J AU Brickey, DA Lawlor, DP AF Brickey, DA Lawlor, DP TI Transbronchial biopsy in the presence of profound elevation of the international normalized ratio SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE bleeding; fiberoptic bronchoscopy; hemorrhage; international normalized ratio; procedure complications; transbronchial biopsy ID FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPE; LUNG-BIOPSY; PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; PLATELET DEPOSITION; COMPLICATIONS; INJURY; MODEL; COAGULATION; OUTPATIENTS; EXPERIENCE AB Study objective: To identify a level of coagulopathy, reported as the international normalized ratio (INR), that predicts hemorrhage following transbronchial forceps biopsy (TBBx) in an animal model. Design: Crossover blinded study using Yucatan mini-swine (Sus scrofa), Setting: Tertiary medical center with a dedicated animal research facility, Study design: A two-stage study. In stage 1, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with TBBx was performed to establish the amount of bleeding in animals with normal coagulation systems. Animals then were administered escalating dosages of warfarin to obtain one of several increased INR levels. The endpoint of stage 1 was defined as the INR that resulted in a blood loss of greater than or equal to 100 mL in greater than or equal to 50% of the study animals, In stage 2, all the animals were to be anticoagulated to the INR level determined in stage 1, Topical and systemic measures would then be administered in an attempt to decrease postprocedure hemorrhage, and the results were recorded. Results: Eighteen animals were enrolled in the study. Despite INR levels > 10, no animals developed a hemorrhagic complication of the transbronchial forceps biopsy (TBBx), Eleven animals had INRs > 7, Four animal deaths were recorded, with three animal deaths attributed to nonpulmonary hemorrhage, each due to a ruptured ovarian cyst, One death was anesthesia related. Stage 2 of the study was not performed due to the extreme INR levels reached in the animals during stage 1 and to the lack of a procedure-related complication. Conclusions: Our study suggests that INR elevation does not correlate with an increased risk of bleeding following TBBx in this animal model. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Med Dept, 59th Med Grp, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Brickey, DA (reprint author), Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Pulm Crit Care Med Dept, 4700 Las Vegas Blvd, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUN PY 1999 VL 115 IS 6 BP 1667 EP 1671 DI 10.1378/chest.115.6.1667 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 206FX UT WOS:000080867600032 PM 10378566 ER PT J AU Hall, MJ Jackson, M Johnson, JT Schultze, H Fortenberry, D Bright, C Hua, H Ying, J Sykes, PA AF Hall, MJ Jackson, M Johnson, JT Schultze, H Fortenberry, D Bright, C Hua, H Ying, J Sykes, PA TI Comparison of CEA, CA195, CA19-9, CA50, CA72-4, CA125, and CYFRA 21-1 for the serodiagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Med Technol, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USAF, Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Thomas F Puckett Lab, Hattiesburg, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 45 IS 6 SU S BP A110 EP A110 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 202XB UT WOS:000080676500507 ER PT J AU Simon, CD Sims, PJ Elston, DM AF Simon, CD Sims, PJ Elston, DM TI Fatal cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with extension through the maxillary sinus and orbit into the brain SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID BASAL-CELL AB Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas may cause death by metastasis or by local extension. We describe a deeply invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma that caused death by direct extension into the brain. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Serv Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Simon, CD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 769 MDOS,MMID,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 6 BP 341 EP 343 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 206NH UT WOS:000080885500010 PM 10388956 ER PT J AU Gupta, RC Albanese, R AF Gupta, RC Albanese, R TI A dynamical system approach to the analysis of biomedical data SO DYNAMICS OF CONTINUOUS DISCRETE AND IMPULSIVE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this paper is to study the nature of the dynamical system p(t + 1) = c(1)p(t)(1 - p(t)) - c(2)p(t), which arises in the analysis of biomedical data. Here p(t) is the proportion of normal cell counts at time t, c(1) and c(2) are constants to be determined. However, the past data suggest that 3 < c(1) < 4. In this paper we studied the stability of fixed points in general and obtained conditions for the stability of the fixed points of the transformed system. We then examined the existence and stability of period 2 solutions. Similar study has been undertaken for period 3 solutions. Finally, we have studied the asymptotic dependence of the fixed point on the initial value and the parameter. We have also investigated the period 2 solutions and their asymptotic dependence on the initial data. The investigation has been extended to period 3 solutions. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Math & Stat, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RI Albanese, Raffaele/B-5394-2016 OI Albanese, Raffaele/0000-0003-4586-8068 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATAM PRESS PI WATERLOO PA C/O DCDIS JOURNAL, UNIV WATERLOO, DEPT APPLIED MATHEMATICS, WATERLOO, ONTARIO N2L 3G1, CANADA SN 1201-3390 J9 DYN CONTIN DISCRET I JI Dyn. Contin. Discret. Impuls. Syst. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 221 EP 236 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 195TK UT WOS:000080268100004 ER PT J AU Schubbe, JJ Mall, S AF Schubbe, JJ Mall, S TI Investigation of a cracked thick aluminum panel repaired with a bonded composite patch SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE crack patching; aircraft repair; adhesive bonding; bonded repairs; composite patch repair; aging aircraft; crack repair ID GROWTH AB An experimental investigation was conducted to characterize the post-repair fatigue crack growth behavior in 6.350 mm thick 2024-T3 aluminum panels repaired with the asymmetrically bonded full width boron/epoxy composite patch. Three patch lengths and two patch-to-panel stiffness ratios were examined. Repairs were found to provide at least a four to five times improvement in the fatigue life over the unrepaired baseline (cracked) specimens. The effects of various parameters of the patch repair on fatigue crack growth rate behavior, thermally induced curvature due to the one-sided bonded repair of the thick panel, debond characteristics and fatigue life were characterized. Also, these characteristics of a repaired thick panel (6.35 mm) were compared with those of the repaired thin panel (3.175 mm). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, ENY, AFIT,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, ENY, AFIT,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 57 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 3 BP 305 EP 323 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(99)00032-6 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 205QM UT WOS:000080832100005 ER PT J AU Djuth, FT Bernhardt, PA Tepley, CA Gardner, JA Kelley, MC Broadfoot, AL Kagan, LM Sulzer, MP Elder, JH Selcher, C Isham, B Brown, C Carlson, HC AF Djuth, FT Bernhardt, PA Tepley, CA Gardner, JA Kelley, MC Broadfoot, AL Kagan, LM Sulzer, MP Elder, JH Selcher, C Isham, B Brown, C Carlson, HC TI Large airglow enhancements produced via wave-plasma interactions in sporadic E SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POWER RADIO-WAVES; ARTIFICIAL AIRGLOW; REGION AB In the past there has been great interest in monitoring enhanced 557.7 nm O(S-1) emissions from the thermosphere in connection with high-power, high-frequency (HF) radio wave modification of the F region ionosphere. These emissions are considered to be evidence that the HF-modified electron distribution function is non-Maxwellian because a significant flux of similar to 5-6 eV electrons is required to produce the airglow. The suprathermal tail is believed to develop as a result of nonlinear plasma processes. Past F region observations of 557.7 nm airglow at Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico have yielded only a few Rayleighs of enhanced emissions. Recently, airglow enhancements were monitored in sporadic E above Arecibo. Surprisingly, these experiments yielded similar to 55 Rayleighs of enhanced 557.7 nm airglow and the first observations of emissions from the N-2 first positive molecular bands. The observations imply that a large flux of energetic (5-10 eV) electrons is generated as part of the wave-plasma interaction in sporadic E. C1 Geospace Res Inc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00613 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBI, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Brown Comp Co, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFOSR, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Djuth, FT (reprint author), Geospace Res Inc, 550 N Continental Blvd, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1557 EP 1560 DI 10.1029/1999GL900296 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 202PG UT WOS:000080660900012 ER PT J AU Gini, F Michels, JH AF Gini, F Michels, JH TI Performance analysis of two covariance matrix estimators in compound-Gaussian clutter SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID COHERENT RADAR DETECTION; K-DISTRIBUTED CLUTTER; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; OPTIMUM; MIXTURE; TARGETS AB The authors present a thorough performance analysis of two covariance matrix estimators, the sample covariance matrix estimator (SCME) and the normalised SCME (NSCME), which are employed by adaptive radar detectors in Gaussian and compound-Gaussian clutter. Theoretical performance predictions are derived, compared with the modified Cramer-Rao lower bound and checked with real-life sea clutter data. The results of the analysis show that the NSCME has superior performance in compound-Gaussian clutter and its performance is insensitive to the clutter multivariate distribution within the range cell under test and to the shape of the clutter correlation among different range cells. Conversely, the performance of the SCME heavily depends on the clutter distribution and has a dramatic worsening in spiky non-Gaussian clutter. C1 Univ Pisa, Dept Informat Engn, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate SNRT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Gini, F (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dept Informat Engn, Via Diotisalvi 2, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 146 IS 3 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:19990479 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 231ME UT WOS:000082313300003 ER PT J AU Rittenhouse, TL Phipps, SP Helms, CA AF Rittenhouse, TL Phipps, SP Helms, CA TI Performance of a high-efficiency 5-cm gain length supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE chemical lasers; gas lasers; iodine; lasers; laser measurements ID SMALL-SCALE; OPERATION; GAS AB The Air Force Phillips Laboratory has developed a small-scale supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) test stand (VertiCOIL) to rapidly evaluate emerging potential technology improvements. VertiCOIL was designed to address issues relevant to military and commercial applications such as long run time, high-efficiency operation, and compact design. VertiCOIL demonstrated an overall chemical efficiency of nearly 27%, one of the highest chemical efficiencies ever achieved by a COIL. In addition, VertiCOIL was able to lase faa greater than 1 h by employing a continuously cooled basic hydrogen peroxide (BHP) flowing loop, Measured resonator parameters were used with a simplified saturation model to calculate the optical extraction efficiency. The peak optical extraction efficiency predicted by the model was 0.82. The dependence of the predicted extraction efficiency on outcoupling fraction is in goad agreement with experimental results. Combining the predicted extraction efficiency with the COIL heuristic equation results in good agreement between measured and predicted overall device chemical efficiency. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Rittenhouse, TL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 6 BP 857 EP 866 DI 10.1109/3.766828 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 201EH UT WOS:000080581700002 ER PT J AU Darwish, A Ezzeddine, A Huang, HC Mah, M AF Darwish, A Ezzeddine, A Huang, HC Mah, M TI Properties of the embedded transmission line (ETL) - An offset stripline with two dielectrics SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MMIC; multilayer; nonhomogeneous media; polymide films; stripline; three-dimensional; transmission line theory AB In three-dimensional (3-D) circuits that employ multilevel metallization, a frequently encountered transmission line configuration is the embedded transmission line (ETL), which is essentially an offset stripline topology with two dielectrics, There is no closed-form expression available for either the characteristic impedance or effective dielectric constant, since the problem is analytically complex for an exact analysis. This letter provides an approximate empirical formula for both the effective dielectric constant and the characteristic impedance, and compares them with full-wave simulations of the structure, A few percent error (typically, less than 3% for Z(o) and 5% for epsilon(eff)) is observed over a wide range of transmission line parameters. C1 AMCOM Communicates Inc, Clarksburg, MD 20871 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Darwish, A (reprint author), AMCOM Communicates Inc, Clarksburg, MD 20871 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8207 J9 IEEE MICROW GUIDED W JI IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 9 IS 6 BP 224 EP 226 DI 10.1109/75.769528 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 207XU UT WOS:000080961700002 ER PT J AU Herd, JS Oates, DE Xin, H Berkowitz, SJ AF Herd, JS Oates, DE Xin, H Berkowitz, SJ TI Coupled-grain/RSJ series array for modeling of nonlinear microwave surface impedance of YBCO thin films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA ID JUNCTIONS; YBA2CU3O7-X AB The nonlinear microwave impedance of YBCO thin films may be due to Josephson-junction-like defects. In this work, high-T-c thin films are modeled as a series of ideal superconducting grains coupled by resistively shunted Josephson junctions that simulate the defects. The model calculates the surface resistance and reactance as a function of microwave current. Comparisons with experimental results from YBCO thin-film stripline resonators show good quantitative agreement for resistance at frequencies in the range 1-6 GHz and at several temperatures. Long junction effects are proposed to explain deviations between measured and computed results above 6 GHz. We have also modeled a phase-shifting device consisting of 300 high-T-c Josephson junctions in series along a microstrip transmission line. Computed results are in good quantitative agreement with the measured device phase shift versus microwave input power. Similarities in the power dependencies of the series array of junctions and the patterned film resonators will be discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Conductus Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Herd, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 9 IS 2 BP 2117 EP 2120 DI 10.1109/77.784885 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 225MA UT WOS:000081964300175 ER PT J AU Lin, NCH Yukon, SP AF Lin, NCH Yukon, SP TI Maximizing microwave power from triangular Josephson junction arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA AB We investigate the dynamics of NxN triangular Josephson junction (JJ) arrays and the same arrays where only diamond triangular pairs are retained. The diamond arrays are shown to be more stable and their stability is traced to the dynamical states of a single diamond. Using diamonds with 2 JJ's on each horizontal Link is shown to enhance rf output and facilitates the fabrication of arrays with HTS step-edge junctions. The effects of JJ defects and loads on array rf output are also considered. C1 ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Lin, NCH (reprint author), ARCON Corp, 260 Bear Hill Rd,Suite 200, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 9 IS 2 BP 4320 EP 4324 DI 10.1109/77.783981 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 225MC UT WOS:000081964500361 ER PT J AU Yukon, SP Lin, NCH AF Yukon, SP Lin, NCH TI Josephson junction phased arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA AB We propose a design for an active antenna array employing 2D triangular Josephson junction (JJ) arrays as oscillators. The oscillators are kept in sync by coupling their flux trains to that of a serpentine discrete JJ transmission line. Adding external magnetic flux to the line between adjacent oscillators induces a phase shift in their rf voltages enabling beam steering. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. RP Yukon, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 9 IS 2 BP 4533 EP 4537 DI 10.1109/77.784034 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 225MC UT WOS:000081964500414 ER PT J AU Batalama, SN Medley, MJ Psaromiligkos, IN AF Batalama, SN Medley, MJ Psaromiligkos, IN TI Adaptive robust spread-spectrum receivers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Conference on Telecommunications CY JUN, 1998 CL PORTO CARRAS, GREECE DE code division multiaccess; impulse noise; interference suppression; spread spectrum communication ID NON-GAUSSIAN NOISE; INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION; LOCALLY OPTIMUM; PERFORMANCE; CHANNELS; DETECTOR; SIGNALS AB We consider the problem of robust detection of a spread-spectrum (SS) signal in the presence of unknown correlated SS interference and additive non-Gaussian noise. The proposed general SS receiver structure is comprised by a vector of adaptive chip-based nonlinearities followed by an adaptive linear tap-weight filter and combines the relative merits of both nonlinear and linear signal processing. The novel characteristics of our approach are as follows. First, the nonlinear receiver front-end adapts itself to the unknown prevailing noise environment providing robust performance for a wide range of underlying noise distributions. Second, the adaptive linear tap-weight filter that follows the nonlinearly processed chip samples results in a receiver that is proven to be effective in combating SS interference as well, To determine the receiver parameters, me propose, develop, and study three adaptive schemes under a joint mean-square-error (MSE), or a joint bit-error-rate (BER), or a joint MSE-BER optimization criterion. As a side result, we derive the optimum decision fusion filter for receivers that utilize hard-limiting (sign) chip nonlinearities, Numerical and simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed schemes and offer comparisons with the conventional matched-filter (MF), the decorrelator, the conventional minimum-variance-distortionless-response (MVDR) filter, and the sign-majority-vote receiver. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFGC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Batalama, SN (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 47 IS 6 BP 905 EP 917 DI 10.1109/26.771347 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 207ZL UT WOS:000080965600017 ER PT J AU Head, W AF Head, W TI Honorable warrior: General Harold K. Johnson and the ethics of command. SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Warner Robins Air Logist Ctr, Robins AFB, GA USA. RP Head, W (reprint author), Warner Robins Air Logist Ctr, Robins AFB, GA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 86 IS 1 BP 316 EP 317 DI 10.2307/2567545 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 212MX UT WOS:000081221400153 ER PT J AU Pedrozo, HA Schwartz, Z Rimes, S Sylvia, VL Nemere, I Posner, GH Dean, DD Boyan, BD AF Pedrozo, HA Schwartz, Z Rimes, S Sylvia, VL Nemere, I Posner, GH Dean, DD Boyan, BD TI Physiological importance of the 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 membrane receptor and evidence for a membrane receptor specific for 24,25(OH)(2)D-3 SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; CARTILAGE CELLS-INVITRO; C,D-RING SIDE-CHAIN; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; RESTING ZONE; CHONDROCYTE CULTURES; 1-ALPHA,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; NONGENOMIC REGULATION; HYBRID ANALOGS AB We have recently, identified a membrane vitamin D receptor (mVDR) specific for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25(OH)(2)D-3) and shown that it mediates the rapid activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in growth zone chondrocytes (GCs). In this study, we examine the role of the 1,25(OH)(2)D-3-mVDR in chondrocyte physiology and provide evidence for the existence of a specific membrane receptor for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (24,25(OH)(2)D-3-mVDR). Fourth-passage cultures of growth plate chondrocytes at two distinct stages of endochondral development, resting zone(RC) and growth zone (GC) cells, were used to assess the role of the mVDR in cell proliferation, PKC activation, and proteoglycan sulfation. To preclude the involvement of the nuclear vitamin D receptor (nVDR), we used hybrid analogs of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 with <0.1% affinity for the nVDR (2a, 1 alpha-CH2OH-3 beta-25D(3); 3a, 1 alpha-CH2OH-3 beta-20-epi-22-oxa-25D(3); and 3b, 1 beta-CH2OH-3 alpha-20-epi-22-oxa-25D(3). To determine the involvement of the mVDR, we used an antibody generated against the highly purified 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 binding protein from chick intestinal basolateral membranes (Ab99). Analog binding to the mVDR was demonstrated by competition with [H-3]1,25(OH)(2)D-3 using matrix vesicles (MVs) isolated from cultures of RC and GC cells. Specific recognition sites for 24,25(OH)(2)D-3 in RC MVs were demonstrated by saturation binding analysis. Specific binding of 24,25(OH)(2)D-3 was also investigated in plasma membranes (PMs) from RC and GC cells and GC MVs. In addition, we examined the ability of Ab99 to block the stimulation of PKC by analog 2a in isolated RC PMs as well as the inhibition of PKC by analog 2a in Ge MVs. Like 1,25(OH)(2)D-3, analogs 2a, 3a, and 3b inhibit RC and GC cell proliferation. The effect was dose dependent and could be blocked by Ab99. In GC cells, PKC activity was stimulated maximally by analogs 2a and 3a and very modestly by 3b. The effect of 2a and 3a was similar to that of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 and was blocked by Ab99, whereas the effect of 3b was unaffected by antibody. In contrast, 2a was the only analog that increased PKC activity in RC cells, and this effect was unaffected by Ab99. Analog 2a had no effect on proteoglycan sulfation in RC cells, whereas analogs 3a and 3b stimulated it and this was not blocked by Ab99. Binding of [3H]1,25(OH),D,to GC MVs was displaced completely with 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 and analogs 2a, 3a, and 3b, but 24,25(OH)(2)D-3 only displaced 51% of the bound ligand. 24,25(OH)(2)D-3 displaced 50% of [H-3]1,25(OH)(2)D-3 bound to RC MVs, but 2a, 3a, and 3b displaced <50%. Scatchard analysis indicated specific binding of 24,25(OH)(2)D-3 to recognition sites in RC MVs with a K-d of 69.2 fmol/ml and a B-max of 52.6 fmol/mg of protein. Specific binding for 24,25(OH)(2)D-3 was; also found in RC and GC PMs and GC MVs. GC membranes exhibited lower specific binding than RC membranes; MVs had greater specific binding than PMs in both cell types. 2a caused a dose-dependent increase in PKC activity of RC PMs that was unaffected by Ab99; it inhibited PKC activity in GC MVs, and this effect was blocked by Ab99. The results indicate that the 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 mVDR mediates the antiproliferative effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 on chondrocytes, It also mediates the 1,25(OH)(2)D-3-dependent stimulation of PKC in GC cells, but not the 2a-dependent increase in RC PKC activity, indicating that 24,25(OH)(2)D-3 mediates its effects through a separate receptor. This is supported by the failure of Ab99 to block 2a-dependent stimulation of PKC in isolated PMs. The data demonstrate for the first time the presence of a specific 24,25(OH)(2)D-3 mVDR in endochondral chondrocytes and show that, although both cell types express mVDRs for 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 and 24,25(OH)(2)D-3, their relative distribution is cell maturation-dependent. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Fac Dent Med, Dept Periodont, Jerusalem, Israel. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Boyan, BD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RI Nemere, Ilka/A-7077-2008 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-44530]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-05937, DE-08603] NR 44 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI DURHAM PA PO BOX 2759, DURHAM, NC 27715-2759 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 14 IS 6 BP 856 EP 867 DI 10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.6.856 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 201UY UT WOS:000080615500003 PM 10352093 ER PT J AU Davis, VA Mandell, MJ Cooke, DL Enloe, CL AF Davis, VA Mandell, MJ Cooke, DL Enloe, CL TI High-voltage interactions in plasma wakes: Simulation and flight measurements from the Charge Hazards and Wake Studies (CHAWS) experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT COLLECTION; ELECTRON-EMISSION; SHUTTLE ORBITER; CONDUCTING BODY; SPACE-SHUTTLE; EXPANSION; SATELLITE; VACUUM; OBJECT; IONS AB The Charge Hazards and Wake Studies (CHAWS) flight experiment flew on the Wake Shield Facility (WSF) aboard STS-60 and STS-69. The experiment studied high-voltage current collection within the spacecraft wake. The wake-side sensor was a 45-cm-long, biasable cylindrical probe mounted on the 3.66-m-diameter WSF. Operations were performed in free flight and at various attitudes while on the shuttle orbiter remote manipulator system (RMS) arm. Preflight and postflight simulations were performed using the programs Potentials of Large Objects in the Auroral Region (POLAR) and Dynamic Plasma Analysis Code (DynaPAC) and are compared here with the flight results. Both programs perform three-dimensional, self-consistent, steady state plasma simulations. During high-voltage operations the wake-side probe collected current consistent with preflight predictions. In both the flight data and the steady state simulations the current collected has a power law dependence on the potential and has a less than linear dependence on density. Growth of the sheath beyond the WSF edge controls the high-voltage current collection, and kinematic and space charge effects both play important roles in attracting ions into the wake region. Measurements made at low voltage differ from the calculations. The preflight calculations for a pure oxygen plasma predict a collection threshold at -100 V bias. The flight data show little or no threshold, implying a source of ions not accounted for in the simulations. Possible sources for these ions are discussed. C1 Maxwell Syst Div, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Phillips Lab, WSCI, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. James Madison Univ, Integrated Sci & Technol Program, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Davis, VA (reprint author), Maxwell Syst Div, 8888 Balboa Ave, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A6 BP 12445 EP 12459 DI 10.1029/1998JA900071 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 201MY UT WOS:000080600400018 ER PT J AU Bonnell, J Elphic, RC Palfery, S Strangeway, RJ Peterson, WK Klumpar, D Carlson, CW Ergun, RE McFadden, JP AF Bonnell, J Elphic, RC Palfery, S Strangeway, RJ Peterson, WK Klumpar, D Carlson, CW Ergun, RE McFadden, JP TI Observations of polar cap arcs on FAST SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; EXOS-D OBSERVATIONS; EARTH PLASMA SHEET; SUN-ALIGNED ARCS; THETA-AURORA; ION COMPOSITION; NORTHWARD; MODEL; WIND; PRECIPITATION AB FAST satellite observations of spatially localized regions of electron and ion precipitation with concomitant paired upward and downward field-aligned currents and duskward electric field enhancements at high (> 80 degrees invariant latitude) magnetic latitudes are presented. Each pass of several across the polar cap was made during a period of persistent northward interplanetary magnetic field, and was characterized by the presence of several of these precipitation regions. In each case, the precipitation regions were associated with jets of enhanced antisunward convection, with electron precipitation restricted to the upward current region, and no energetic electron outflow in the downward current region, and ion precipitation spread over broader regions, possibly by time-of-flight effects. We compare these low-altitude features to those expected for source regions lying in a reconnection site at the lobe magnetopause, a bursty bulk flow in the plasma sheet, and a. surface wave on the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL). We find that the lobe reconnection model successfully describes the observed electrodynamics of the arcs, as well as the electron and ion source temperatures, but can not readily explain the presence of precipitating O(+) and He(+) in addition to H(+) and He(++). The plasma sheet source model can explain the composition of the ion precipitation but predicts higher electron and ion source temperatures than are observed, may require the coincidence of bursty bulk flows with extensions of the plasma sheet into the lobe, and may not be consistant with other observations of auroral phenomenology. The LLBL surface wave model does not readily explain the observed electrodynamics of the arcs and is not consistent with the observed offsets between electron and ion precipitation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. Lockheed Martin Palo Alto Res Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bonnell, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-1,Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbon-nell@lanl.gov RI Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009 OI Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A6 BP 12669 EP 12681 DI 10.1029/1999JA900085 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 201MY UT WOS:000080600400038 ER PT J AU Kar, A Carroll, DL Latham, WP Rothenflue, JA AF Kar, A Carroll, DL Latham, WP Rothenflue, JA TI Cutting performance of a chemical oxygen-iodine laser on aerospace and industrial materials SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser cutting; materials processing; aerospace materials; chemical oxygen-iodine laser; COIL ID OPERATION AB A chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) was used for cutting aluminum, titanium, inconel and copper plates. The laser was operated with a stable resonator having an intracavity aperture to produce a circular COIL beam with very few transverse modes. The multimode focal spot diameter was calculated and measured to be approximately 0.24 mm. The new aluminum cut was of good kerf edge quality. These COIL cutting data are compared with an existing theoretical laser cutting model. Using thermophysical data for aluminum, titanium, inconel and copper, this theory agrees very well with the data. To test the versatility of the model, the effects of different assumptions are examined; different assumptions produced very little effect on model predictions at high cutting speeds and a small difference at very slow cutting speeds. Overall, the theoretical model provides good agreement with experiments for a wide variety of metals. (C) 1999 Laser Institute of America. [S1042-346X(99)00103-5]. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Creol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kar, A (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Creol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 11 IS 3 BP 119 EP 127 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 242HR UT WOS:000082934900003 ER PT J AU Hall, RC Nyland, L Nitz, AJ Pinerola, J Johnson, DL AF Hall, RC Nyland, L Nitz, AJ Pinerola, J Johnson, DL TI Relationship between ankle invertor H-reflexes and acute swelling induced by inversion ankle sprain SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE neuromuscular inhibition; electromyography; latency ID KNEE EFFUSION; REACTION-TIME; QUADRICEPS; INHIBITION; INSTABILITY; INJURY AB Study Design: Single group, post-test design using the uninvolved lower extremity as the experimental control. Objectives: To determine relationships between ankle swelling and flexor digitorum longus and peroneus longus H-reflex amplitude and latency. Background: Primary capsuloligamentous injury, neural injury, and joint effusion and swelling may contribute to H-reflex changes following inversion ankle sprain. The relationship between ankle swelling and invertor or evertor H-reflexes has not been reported. Methods and Measures: Fifteen subjects with acute grade I or II inversion ankle sprains (mean +/- SD) 6.5 +/- 3 days after onset participated in this study. Swelling was estimated using a tape measure and the figure-of-eight girth assessment method. H-reflexes were determined using standard techniques. Paired t-tests were used to compare mean differences in ankle girth (swelling) and ankle invertor or evertor H-reflex amplitude and latency between the involved and uninvolved limbs. Pearson product moment correlations were used to assess relationships between swelling and H-reflex variables. Results: Involved limb ankle girth was increased with respect to the uninvolved limb (1.5 +/- 0.9 cm) and the involved ankle flexor digitorum longus latency was delayed (0.72 +/- 0.7 ms). There was a moderate positive association (r = 0.73) between the latency delay in the involved ankle flexor digitorum longus and swelling. There were no significant differences in H-reflex amplitude and peroneus longus latency between ankles. Conclusions: Grade I or II inversion sprains and the related swelling appear to delay involved ankle flexor digitorum longus latency to a greater extent than peroneus longus latency. Clinicians need to direct greater attention to the ankle inverters when designing and implementing ankle rehabilitation programs, particularly during the swelling management phase of treatment. C1 Univ S Florida, Sch Phys Therapy, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Allied Hlth Profess, Div Phys Therapy, Lexington, KY USA. Biokinet Inc, Paducah, KY USA. RP Nyland, L (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Sch Phys Therapy, MDC 77,12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 29 IS 6 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 205CW UT WOS:000080804600006 PM 10370917 ER PT J AU Fullerton, RL McAfee, RP AF Fullerton, RL McAfee, RP TI Auctioning entry into tournaments SO JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY LA English DT Article ID COMPETITION; INCENTIVES; PRIZES AB A research tournament model with heterogeneous contestants is presented. For a large class of contests the optimal number of competitors is two. This insight makes designing the tournament easier and highlights the importance of selecting highly qualified contestants. While customary uniform-price and discriminatory-price auctions are intuitively appealing mechanisms for solving this adverse selection problem, in practice they generally will not be efficient mechanisms for selecting contestants. Instead, we propose an alternative auction format that is equally simple to implement and efficiently selects the most qualified contestants to compete, regardless of the form of contestant heterogeneity. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Fullerton, RL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 29 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-3808 J9 J POLIT ECON JI J. Polit. Econ. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 107 IS 3 BP 573 EP 605 DI 10.1086/250072 PG 33 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 199FB UT WOS:000080468800005 ER PT J AU Neiberg, M AF Neiberg, M TI The world within war: America's combat experience in World War II. SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Neiberg, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV PRESS PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV J SOCIAL HIST, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0022-4529 J9 J SOC HIST JI J. Soc. Hist. PD SUM PY 1999 VL 32 IS 4 BP 982 EP 983 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 203MU UT WOS:000080712100032 ER PT J AU Neiberg, M AF Neiberg, M TI The crash of ruin: American combat soldiers in Europe during World War II. SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Neiberg, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV PRESS PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV J SOCIAL HIST, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0022-4529 J9 J SOC HIST JI J. Soc. Hist. PD SUM PY 1999 VL 32 IS 4 BP 983 EP 985 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 203MU UT WOS:000080712100033 ER PT J AU Ward, DW AF Ward, DW TI Syndesmotic ankle sprain in a recreational hockey player SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS CHIROPRACTIC & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE ankle joint; athletic injuries; calcification; pathologic; ligaments; articular; sprains and strains-therapy ID INJURIES; MANAGEMENT; LIGAMENTS AB Objective: To present a case of distal tibiofibular sprain, a rare injury amongst ubiquitous lateral ligament sprains of the ankle. Clinical features: A 45-year-old recreational hockey player was treated for an ankle sprain demonstrating increased translation on the drawer test and pain with inversion stress, but also-pain with external rotation and dorsiflexion. X-rays demonstrated no fractures. Intervention and outcome, The conventional protocol of protect, rest, ice, compress, and elevate (PRICE), employed for the more common lateral ankle sprains, was followed by early mobilization and proprioceptive training with a tilt board. Recovery was prolonged, and ossification of the ankle syndesmosis was seen in follow-up radiographs. Conclusion: Because management implications and outcome sequelae of the uncommon syndesmotic sprain are more severe than the commonly seen lateral ankle sprain, Simple physical examination procedures useful in identifying syndesmotic sprains in the routine examination of the injured ankle are emphasized These: include dorsiflexion and external rotation stress and the "squeeze test.". C1 Chiropract Clin, Med Grp 375th, SGCPC, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Ward, DW (reprint author), Chiropract Clin, Med Grp 375th, SGCPC, 310 W Losey Stop 29, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1084-1288 J9 J SPORT CHIROPR REH JI J. Sport Chiropr. Rehabil. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 13 IS 2 BP 50 EP 59 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 205GK UT WOS:000080812800002 ER PT J AU Hassan, W Nagy, PB AF Hassan, W Nagy, PB TI Experimental verification of the opposite effect of fluid loading on the velocity of dilatational waves in thin plates and rods SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INFINITE CLAD RODS; ELASTIC LAYER; GUIDED-WAVES; MODES; PROPAGATION; COMPOSITE AB In a recent paper [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102, 3478 (1997)], it was demonstrated by analytical means that radiation loading increases the velocity of dilatational waves in immersed thin plates, but decreases it in thin rods. The main goal of this paper is to verify experimentally the predicted opposite effect, which is particularly interesting because in almost every respect, the lowest-order dilatational modes of wave propagation in thin plates and rods are very similar. Experimental verification of the predicted small radiation-induced velocity change is rather difficult, partly because of the accompanying strong attenuation effect caused by radiation losses, and partly because of the presence of an additional velocity change caused by viscous drag even in low-viscosity fluids like water. In spite of these inherent difficulties, the presented experimental results provide unequivocal verification of the earlier theoretical predictions. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)03005-2]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Hassan, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Nagy, Peter/O-5404-2016 OI Nagy, Peter/0000-0001-5715-2409 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 105 IS 6 BP 3026 EP 3034 DI 10.1121/1.424632 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 204RN UT WOS:000080778100003 ER PT J AU Matson, CL Liu, HL AF Matson, CL Liu, HL TI Backpropagation in turbid media SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-DENSITY WAVES; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY; SAMPLING THEOREMS AB We extend the backpropagation algorithm of standard diffraction tomography to backpropagation in turbid media. We analyze the behavior of the backpropagation algorithm both for a single-view geometry, as is common in mammography, and for multiple views. The most general form of the algorithm permits arbitrary placement of sources and detectors in the background medium. In addition, we specialize the algorithm for the case of a planar array of detectors, which permits the backpropagation algorithm to be implemented with fast-Fourier-domain noniterative algebraic methods. In this case the algorithm can be used to reconstruct three-dimensional images in a minute or less, depending on the number of views. We demonstrate the theoretical results with computer simulations. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)02806-9]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biomed Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Adv Opt & Imaging Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1254 EP 1265 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.001254 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 198YQ UT WOS:000080452500004 ER PT J AU Steinhubl, SR Topol, EJ AF Steinhubl, SR Topol, EJ TI Clopidogrel with aspirin is the optimal antiplatelet regimen for intracoronary stenting SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY; TICLOPIDINE; PLACEMENT; IMPLANTATION; TOLERANCE; RISK C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Cardiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Joseph J Jacobs Ctr Thrombosis & Vasc Biol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Steinhubl, SR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. OI Topol, Eric/0000-0002-1478-4729 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5305 J9 J THROMB THROMBOLYS JI J. Thromb. Thrombolysis PD JUN PY 1999 VL 7 IS 3 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.1023/A:1008981408216 PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 211LY UT WOS:000081163600001 PM 10373712 ER PT J AU Owen, JL Bolenbaucher, RM Moore, ML AF Owen, JL Bolenbaucher, RM Moore, ML TI Trauma registry databases: A comparison of data abstraction, interpretation, and entry at two level I trauma centers SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE trauma; trauma registry; performance improvement; coding AB Background: A key part of a viable trauma system is the Trauma Registry (TR), used for research, education, and performance improvement, This study sought to assess the consistency of data abstraction, interpretation, and entry by two hospitals with an identical TR database program. Methods: In phase Il trauma service personnel were queried as to how data were abstracted and entered into the TR, In phase II, a I-year retrospective review was conducted of TR data for two trauma centers in San Antonio, Texas, Results: The phase I review revealed substantial, variances in the coding and abstracting of TR data in 30 of the 500 elements (6%). Phase II demonstrated that, because of these, variances, considerable differences resulted in coded types and causes of injury. Conclusion: This study illustrates that these variances can impact attempts to combine databases, establish norms, or assess institutional outcomes. To ensure the standardization and accuracy of this valuable information, changes may be required. Recommendations include standardization and education, A uniform trauma registry or national certification may be necessary. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Baptist Hlth Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Owen, JL (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 1999 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1100 EP 1104 DI 10.1097/00005373-199906000-00025 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 205BR UT WOS:000080801900029 PM 10372634 ER PT J AU Godwin, JD AF Godwin, JD TI NATO's role in peace operations: Reexamining the Treaty after Bosnia and Kosovo SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Review ID INTERVENTION; DEMOCRACY; STATES C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Godwin, JD (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 227 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 160 BP 1 EP 95 PG 95 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 204GJ UT WOS:000080755500001 ER PT J AU McRae-Bergeron, CE May, L Foulks, RW Sisk, K Chamings, P Clark, PA AF McRae-Bergeron, CE May, L Foulks, RW Sisk, K Chamings, P Clark, PA TI A medical readiness model of health assessment or well-being in first-increment Air Combat Command medical personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-SCALE; SATISFACTION; PSYCHIATRY; VALIDITY AB We used a medical readiness model of health assessment based on the Neuman systems model, a comparative-descriptive design, to assess the health or state of well-being of Air Combat Command medical personnel. Group I consisted of 636 personnel actively participating in medical readiness training, and group II consisted of 127 personnel assigned to a medical treatment facility that recently returned from overseas deployment. In group I, statistically significant differences in developmental, psychological, and sociocultural elements of health varied according to military rank, mobility status, of previous overseas deployment experience. The spiritual element of health differed statistically in both groups according to military rank, The uncertainties of mobility status, lack of previous deployment experience, and contrasts in military rank increased stress. Recommendations include realistic mobility training concentrating on essential job performance elements, leadership providing dear and open channels of communication, and dealing effectively with the emotional impact of humanitarian assistance missions. C1 SGO, HQ ACC, Langley AFB, VA 23655 USA. RP McRae-Bergeron, CE (reprint author), SGO, HQ ACC, 162 Dodd Blvd,Suite 100, Langley AFB, VA 23655 USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 6 BP 379 EP 388 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 205UD UT WOS:000080838200002 PM 10377704 ER PT J AU Cina, SJ Smialek, JE AF Cina, SJ Smialek, JE TI Postmortem percutaneous core biopsy of the liver SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEEDLE AB Unexpected deaths related to significant hepatopathology are encountered daily by forensic pathologists, After investigation, a decision will be made regarding whether or not to perform an autopsy. In considering the options available to assess the degree of hepatopathology, a study was;undertaken to evaluate the potential role of percutaneous core biopsy of the liver at the time of postmortem examination. Postmortem percutaneous hepatic core biopsy was attempted at the time of external examination in 28 nonconsecutive cases examined at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland; hepatic tissue was obtained in 26 cases. In 21 of these cases, hepatic tissue was obtained during subsequent partial or complete autopsy and submitted for histologic correlation. There was complete histologic correlation of tissue obtained via percutaneous biopsy with hepatic tissue obtained by open biopsy in 18 of 20 cases (86%). Significant hepatopathology was identified by core biopsy in 5 of 9 cases (56%) with a history of ethanol abuse and in 8 of 19 cases (42%) with a negative ethanol history, The sensitivity of this technique was 82% and the specificity was 100%. This study has shown that core biopsy of the liver can provide information related to the cause of death in cases with and without a history of alcohol consumption, In cases in which a complete autopsy is deferred because of familial religious objections, infectious disease, or time/budgetary constraints, this modality can be used to obtain diagnostic tissue. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Autopsy Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cina, SJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Autopsy Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 6 BP 419 EP 422 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 205UD UT WOS:000080838200009 PM 10377711 ER PT J AU Harris, GA Wong, MAK Lantz, DA AF Harris, GA Wong, MAK Lantz, DA TI Multiple idiopathic left ventricular aneurysms in a Japanese woman SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Idiopathic aneurysms of the left ventricle (LV) are uncommon in Western society, Multiple idiopathic LV aneurysms are distinctly unusual and are rarely reported. As with aneurysms of atherosclerotic origin, these entities may be associated with chest discomfort, congestive heart failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, and thromboembolic phenomena. We present the case of a Japanese woman living in the United States with chest discomfort, ventricular arrhythmias, and a previous transient ischemic attack who demonstrated four discrete LV aneurysms on ventriculography. Extensive evaluation demonstrated no clear cause for these aneurysms. The patient was treated conservatively with medical therapy and has continued to do well without adverse clinical sequelae. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Cardiol Sect, Dept Internal Med, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Wong, MAK (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Cardiol Sect, Dept Internal Med, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 6 BP 448 EP 450 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 205UD UT WOS:000080838200016 PM 10377718 ER PT J AU Catlin, AE Bauer, KW Mykytka, EF Montgomery, DC AF Catlin, AE Bauer, KW Mykytka, EF Montgomery, DC TI System comparison procedures for automatic target recognition systems SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article AB Estimating the performance of an automatic target recognition (ATR) system in terms of its probability of successfully identifying a target involves extensive image collection and processing, which can be very time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, we investigate the Wald sequential test for the difference in two proportions as a sample size-reducing alternative to ranking and selection procedures and confidence intervals. An analysis of the test parameters leads to a practical methodology for implementing the Wald test for fairly comparing two systems, based on specific experimental goals. The test is also extended with the modified, sequentially rejective Bonferroni procedure for the multiple pairwise comparison of more than two systems. Two sampling schemes for different experimental goals are also discussed. The test methodology is applied to actual data to compare different configurations of a specific ATR system, with the results demonstrating that the modified Wald sequential procedure is a useful alternative to comparing proportions with confidence intervals, particularly when data are expensive. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Bauer, KW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 46 IS 4 BP 357 EP 371 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6750(199906)46:4<357::AID-NAV2>3.0.CO;2-P PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 189JT UT WOS:000079901900002 ER PT J AU Rebrik, SP Wright, BD Emondi, AA Miller, KD AF Rebrik, SP Wright, BD Emondi, AA Miller, KD TI Cross-channel correlations in tetrode recordings: implications for spike-sorting SO NEUROCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE tetrode; spike-sorting; multi-electrode recordings AB We are exploring new methods of spike detection to improve spike-sorting in tetrode recordings. Based on our observation that the four channels of the tetrode carry highly correlated signals, we propose the use of a hyperellipsoidal thresholding surface in the four-dimensional space of the signal values to detect spikes. This surface is determined by the cross-channel covariance matrix and provides a better approximation of the equiprobable surface of the noise amplitude distribution compared to the traditionally used hypercubical thresholding surface. This spike detection procedure greatly improves the separation of signal clusters from the noise cluster around the origin. We have extended these approaches to automatic spike-sorting in both amplitude and full waveform spaces. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Keck Ctr Integrat Neurosci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Physiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sloan Ctr Theoret Neurobiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Syracuse Univ, LC Smith Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Inst Sensory Res, Syracuse, NY USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFGC, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Otolaryngol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Rebrik, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Keck Ctr Integrat Neurosci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2312 J9 NEUROCOMPUTING JI Neurocomputing PD JUN PY 1999 VL 26-7 BP 1033 EP 1038 DI 10.1016/S0925-2312(99)00101-0 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 216UK UT WOS:000081462700132 ER PT J AU Mathews, KA AF Mathews, KA TI On the propagation of rays in discrete ordinates SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERISTIC SPATIAL QUADRATURE; RADIATION TRANSPORT; CELLS AB Discrete ordinates calculations are presumed to translate particles from cell to cell in the directions specified in the angular set. This should result in uncollided particles from a small source propagating through the spatial mesh in narrow beams in these directions. Accurate high-order angular quadratures presume accurately attenuated propagation in the intended directions. This work examines the ability of various spatial quadratures to propagate rays correctly. Some widely used methods are shown to fail at this fudamental task. Diamond-difference approximations introduce undamped lateral oscillations, resulting in severely unphysical flux representations. Nonlinear fixups can prevent negativity but do not correct the underlying failure to properly propagate pays. First-moment conserving schemes tend to be successful but can be degraded in performance by simplifying approximations that are often used. Characteristic schemes are shown to have significant advantages. New characteristic methods are developed here that are exact (in a certain sense) in propagating rays and that uncouple the calculation of adjacent spatial cells in the mesh sweep. This enables DO loops to be converted to DO INDEPENDENT loops, with obvious implications for vector and/or parallel implementations. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kmathews@afit.af.mil NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 EI 1943-748X J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 132 IS 2 BP 155 EP 180 PG 26 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 199XD UT WOS:000080508600001 ER PT J AU Holck, DEE Boyd, EM Ng, J Mauffray, RO AF Holck, DEE Boyd, EM Ng, J Mauffray, RO TI Benefits of stereolithography in orbital reconstruction SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY OCT-NOV -, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY; MODEL; CT AB Objective: To describe the benefits of the stereolithography (SLA) modeling system in the evaluation and surgical planning of selected bony orbital pathology. Design: Two case reports. Participants: One patient presented with a displaced left orbital roof fracture into his orbit causing globe compression and binocular vertical diplopia. A second patient underwent removal of his right orbital floor, medial wall, and inferior portion of his lateral wall during excision of a cylindrical cell papilloma of the paranasal sinuses. Postoperatively, he suffered from globe ptosis and binocular oblique diplopia, Intervention: Stereolithographic models of the patients' orbits were obtained from computed tomography data to better assess the bony orbital pathology. In the second patient, the model was used as a template to create a temporary custom fit prosthesis to repair the defect of his orbital walls. Results: The SLA models were useful in evaluating the dimensions of the bony defects and in preoperative surgical planning. Intraoperatively, the SLA models facilitated orbital surgical rehabilitation. Postoperatively, both patients noted resolution of their diplopia after reconstruction of more normal bony anatomy. Conclusions: In selected cases, SLA offers highly accurate models of the bony orbit for preoperative evaluation, surgical planning, and teaching and can act as a template for custom prosthesis manufacturing, This technology increases the orbital surgeon's options in managing complex orbital pathology. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Holck, DEE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol MMKT, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 17 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD JUN PY 1999 VL 106 IS 6 BP 1214 EP 1218 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90254-3 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 201GR UT WOS:000080587500041 PM 10366095 ER PT J AU Ham, BS Hemmer, PR Shahriar, MS AF Ham, BS Hemmer, PR Shahriar, MS TI Observation of laser-jitter-enhanced hyperfine spectroscopy and two-photon spectral hole-burning SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE optical transient phenomena; free induction decay; four-wave mixing; time-resolved optical spectroscopy in condensed matter ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; CRYSTAL AB We have observed laser-jitter-enhanced high-resolution spectra of three hyperfine states in the ground level (H-3(4)) of Pr3+:Y2SiO5 using coherent population trapping and phase-correlated four-wave mixing. We have also observed optical Raman pulse excited two-photon spectral hole-burning. The observed high-resolution spectra are due to a laser-jitter-suppressed Raman coherence window in an inhomogeneously broadened solid system, and the observed two-photon spectral hole-burning has potential to increase data capacity in Raman excited optical memory (Opt. Lett. 22 (1997) 1849). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ham, BS (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JUN 1 PY 1999 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00155-8 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 206RD UT WOS:000080892200018 ER PT J AU Burns, JA Iezzoni, JC Reibel, JF Park, SS AF Burns, JA Iezzoni, JC Reibel, JF Park, SS TI Extensive extramedullary amyloid-rich plasmacytoma of the mandible SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CELL TUMORS; SOLITARY; HEAD; NECK; BONE C1 USAF, Reg Hosp, SGOSL, Dept Otolaryngol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Otolaryngol, Med Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Pathol, Med Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Burns, JA (reprint author), USAF, Reg Hosp, SGOSL, Dept Otolaryngol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 120 IS 6 BP 937 EP 939 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(99)70342-6 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 206DU UT WOS:000080862700029 PM 10352455 ER PT J AU Yoder, BA Anwar, MU Clark, RH AF Yoder, BA Anwar, MU Clark, RH TI Early prediction of neonatal chronic lung disease: A comparison of three scoring methods SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neonatology; chronic lung disease; bronchopulmonary dysplasia; randomized clinical trials ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA; PREMATURE-INFANTS; DEXAMETHASONE THERAPY; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; PRETERM INFANTS; INFLAMMATION; PREVENTION; TRIAL; VENTILATION AB A variety of postnatal therapies have been and will be evaluated for prevention or treatment of neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD). A simple method for early selection of the highest risk infants would optimize intervention trials. Our study compared a clinical scoring system for predicting neonatal CLD (defined at 36 weeks postconceptional age) with previous regression models developed by Sinkin et al. (Sinkin model) [Pediatrics 1990:86:728-736] and Ryan et at. (Ryan model) [Eur J Pediatr 1996;668-671] in two distinct populations. A respiratory failure score (RFS) was prospectively developed for infants at <32 weeks of gestation admitted to the Wilford Hall Medical Center from January 1990-December 1992. Logistic regression modeling identified three independent predictors of CLD: gestation, birth weight, and RFS. Applying a modified RFS score (to include gestation and birth weight), the RFS, Sinkin, and Ryan models were compared among high-risk infants admitted to Wilford Hall from January 1993-December 1995, and to Crawford Long Hospital (Atlanta, GA) from January 1993-December 1994. Predictive values, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were determined for the primary outcome variable: OLD at 36 weeks of corrected gestation. Of 248 infants at <32 weeks admitted to Wilford Hall, 220 survived >7 days. Thirty of 31 (97%) infants diagnosed with CLD were less than or equal to 29 weeks or less than or equal to 1,000 g at birth. Despite important demographic and treatment differences between the study populations, similar ROC curves were found for each scoring method when individually evaluated among the three study groups. The RFS method at 72 h demonstrated the greatest area under the ROC curve for prediction of neonatal CLD in the groups as a whole. Application of the RFS method for early prediction of neonatal CLD at age 72 h should improve patient selection for early prevention trials. Pediatr Pulmonol, 1999; 27:388-394. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MMNP, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Yoder, BA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, MMNP, Lackland AFB, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. FU PHS HHS [52636-02] NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 27 IS 6 BP 388 EP 394 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0496(199906)27:6<388::AID-PPUL5>3.0.CO;2-N PG 7 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 203KB UT WOS:000080705900005 PM 10380090 ER PT J AU Meyer, WD Rao, GV AF Meyer, WD Rao, GV TI Radiation fog prediction using a simple numerical model SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fog prediction; radiation fog; numerical fog modeling ID SIMULATION; PARAMETERIZATION; MOISTURE AB A simple one-dimensional numerical-analytical model was developed by MEYER and RAO (1995) to predict the onset of radiation fog. The model computes radiative cooling and turbulent diffusion of heat and vapor through the lower boundary layer and produces heat and vapor fluxes at the soil-atmosphere interface. The model is designed for Air Force forecasters a,ho have access to a personal computer, an early evening surface observation of the dry bulb and dewpoint temperature, wind speed, the lapse rate in the upper boundary layer, and the previous 24-h precipitation amount. These initial data are used to predict the diurnal variation of the dry bulb and dewpoint temperatures at 10 m above the surface. In accordance with conventional synoptic observing practices, fog is defined as a restriction of the surface visibility generally to less than 1000 m. Fog is assumed to occur in the model predictions when the dewpoint depression falls to less than 1 degrees C. Observations, from several Air Force bases for selected days when fog was observed to occur, were used to test the model. The present model with default parameters appears to predict the onset of fog slightly ahead of its occurrence. Better verification results are expected when site-relevant parameters are used in model predictions. C1 USAF, Weather Agcy, Scott AFB, IL USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 155 IS 1 BP 57 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s000240050254 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 216VN UT WOS:000081465300003 ER PT J AU Shea, MA Smart, DF Dreschhoff, GAM AF Shea, MA Smart, DF Dreschhoff, GAM TI Identification of major proton fluence events from nitrates in polar ice cores SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Impact of Solar Energetic Particle Events for the Design of Human Space Missions CY SEP 09-11, 1997 CL CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES, HOUSTON, TEXAS HO CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES DE solar proton events; polar ice cores; Carrington flare; nitrates in polar ice; solar-terrestrial events; geomagnetic storms ID SOLAR AB Large transient concentrations of nitrates in polar ice cores have been identified as the signature of some major solar proton fluence events between 1940 and 1991. We review this solar proton proxy identification technique using nitrate concentration measurements in ice cores from the Arctic and Antarctic. Using this identification technique we go back in time in an attempt to identify major solar proton events during the past several centuries. There is a very large nitrate increase corresponding to the Carrington flare of 1859 evident in the Arctic ice core. Other significant nitrate increases may indicate that major solar proton events occurred toward the end of the last century. The problems associated with this new technique of using nitrates as proxies to identify solar proton events are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Kansas, Space Technol Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Shea, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1016/S1350-4487(99)00057-8 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 255LU UT WOS:000083671000011 PM 11543137 ER PT J AU Smart, DF Shea, MA AF Smart, DF Shea, MA TI Comment on the use of GOES solar proton data and spectra in solar proton dose calculations SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Impact of Solar Energetic Particle Events for the Design of Human Space Missions CY SEP 09-11, 1997 CL CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES, HOUSTON, TX HO CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES DE solar proton events; solar proton detectors; GOES spacecraft; alpha particle detector; particle detector calibration AB There is a need to understand the calibration and response of the GOES solar particle detectors since the GOES data are being used to evaluate high energy solar particle events. We share some of our experience in utilizing these data in the analysis of solar particle ground-level events (GLEs). For the 29 September 1989 event, we have evaluated the solar proton and alpha particle spectral characteristics throughout the event. The results show that the solar cosmic ray spectrum is extremely hard at low energies with the magnitude of the slope increasing with increasing energy and with time. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Smart, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1016/S1350-4487(99)00059-1 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 255LU UT WOS:000083671000013 PM 11543139 ER PT J AU Tabib-Azar, M Pathak, PS Ponchak, G LeClair, S AF Tabib-Azar, M Pathak, PS Ponchak, G LeClair, S TI Nondestructive superresolution imaging of defects and nonuniformities in metals, semiconductors, dielectrics, composites, and plants using evanescent microwaves SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPE; RESOLUTION; FILMS AB We have imaged and mapped material nonuniformities and defects using microwaves generated at the end of a microstripline resonator with 0.4 mu m lateral spatial resolution at 1 GHz. Here we experimentally examine the effect of microstripline substrate permittivity, the feedline-to-resonator coupling strength, and probe tip geometry on the spatial resolution of the probe. Carbon composites, dielectrics, semiconductors, metals, and botanical samples were scanned for defects, residual stresses, subsurface features, areas of different film thickness, and moisture content. The resulting evanescent microwave probe (EMP) images are discussed. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate the overall capabilities of the EMP imaging technique as well as to discuss various probe parameters that can be used to design EMPs for different applications. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)00406-2]. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Appl Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tabib-Azar, M (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Appl Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 19 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 6 BP 2783 EP 2792 DI 10.1063/1.1149795 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 201UH UT WOS:000080613500032 ER PT J AU Guide, VDR Jayaraman, V Srivastava, R AF Guide, VDR Jayaraman, V Srivastava, R TI Production planning and control for remanufacturing: a state-of-the-art survey SO ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE remanufacturing; production planning and control; Ecom ID WASTE-DISPOSAL MODEL; EOQ REPAIR; ENVIRONMENT; STRATEGIES; OPERATIONS; ECONOMICS; POLICIES; SYSTEM; ISSUES; DESIGN AB Remanufacturing is rapidly emerging as an important form of waste prevention and environmentally conscious manufacturing. Firms are discovering it to be a profitable approach while at the same time enhancing their image as environmentally responsible, for a wide range of products. In this paper the characteristics of the remanufacturing environment are discussed first to distinguish this environment from other manufacturing environments. The production planning and control function of the remanufacturing firm is examined in this environment. The research in the various decision-making areas that comprise the production planning and control function is evaluated. There are many areas where the research is still scant. The lack of any overall integrated framework and models for the production planning and control function is noted. It is also pointed out that most firms are still grappling with these problems and do not have any formal mechanisms in place. There is a need to develop models and frameworks grounded in the problems and needs of these remanufacturing firms. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Suffolk Univ, F Sawyer Sch Management, Dept Management, Boston, MA 02108 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Management & Syst, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Logist & Acquisit Management, Dept Grad Logist Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Suffolk Univ, F Sawyer Sch Management, Dept Management, Boston, MA 02108 USA. EM dguide@suffolk.edu NR 64 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5845 EI 1879-2537 J9 ROBOT CIM-INT MANUF JI Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0736-5845(99)00020-4 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA 209QL UT WOS:000081059700007 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Webb, DF Howard, RA AF Cliver, EW Webb, DF Howard, RA TI On the origin of solar metric type II bursts SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; RADIO-BURSTS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; SMM OBSERVATIONS; PROTON FLARES; EMISSION; TRANSIENTS; EVENTS; ASSOCIATIONS AB The vast majority of solar flares are not associated with metric Type II radio bursts. For example, for the period February 1980-July 1982, corresponding to the first two and one-half years of the Solar Maximum Mission, 95% of the similar to 2500 flares with peak > 25 keV count rates > 100 c s(-1) lacked associated Type II emission. Even the similar to 360 largest flares, i.e., those having > 25 keV peak count rates > 1000 c s(-)1, had a Type II association rate of only 24%. The lack of a close correlation between flare size and Type II occurrence implies the need for a 'special condition' that distinguishes flares that are accompanied by metric Type II radio bursts from those of comparable size that are not. The leading candidates for this special condition are: (1) an unusually low Alfven speed in the flaring region; and (2) fast material motion. We present evidence based on SMM and GOES X-ray data and Solwind coronagraph data that argues against the first of these hypotheses and supports the second. Type II bursts linked to flares within 30 degrees of the solar limb are well associated (64%; 49/76) with fast (> 400 km s(-1)) coronal mass ejections (CMEs); for Type II flares within 15 degrees of the limb, the association rate is 79% (30/38). An examination of the characteristics of 'non-CME' flares associated with Type IIs does not support the flare-initiated blast wave picture that has been proposed for these events and suggests instead that CMEs may have escaped detection. While the degree of Type II-CME association increases with flare size, there are notable cases of small Type II flares whose outstanding attribute is a fast CME. Thus we argue that metric Type II bursts (as well as the Moreton waves and kilometric Type II bursts that may accompany them) have their root cause in fast coronal mass ejections. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM cliver@plh.af.mil; webb@plh.af.mil; howard@maple.nrl.navy.mil NR 109 TC 165 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 187 IS 1 BP 89 EP 114 DI 10.1023/A:1005115119661 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 235GX UT WOS:000082534900008 ER PT J AU Roofe, SB Boyd, EM Houston, GD Edgin, WA AF Roofe, SB Boyd, EM Houston, GD Edgin, WA TI Squamous cell carcinoma arising in the epithelial lining of a dentigerous cyst SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ODONTOGENIC CYSTS AB The dentigerous cyst is a common oral lesion arising as a developmental anomaly during amelogenesis. In rare instances, the epithelial lining of these cysts may give rise to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Fewer than 50 cases of this rare entity have been reported in the world literature to date, We present an additional case of SCC arising in a dentigerous cyst with a rationale for our treatment approach. In addition, we offer a review of the literature and a review of the clinical, histologic, and radiographic findings associated with this finding. We discuss epidemiologic data and treatment options. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Oral Maxillofacial Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Roofe, SB (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 92 IS 6 BP 611 EP 614 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 205NR UT WOS:000080827900011 PM 10372856 ER PT J AU Ross, M AF Ross, M TI Stretching the hip flexors SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL STRENGTH & CONDITIONING ASSOC PI COLORADO SPRINGS PA 1955 N UNION BLVD, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80909 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 21 IS 3 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 234QL UT WOS:000082495800020 ER PT J AU Cannon, MW Reese, GJ Fullenkamp, SC AF Cannon, MW Reese, GJ Fullenkamp, SC TI Target detection against narrow band noise backgrounds SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE detection; discrimination; texture; filtering ID SPATIAL-FREQUENCY-SELECTIVITY; TEXTURE SEGREGATION; HUMAN-VISION; CONTRAST; MECHANISMS; CHANNELS; MASKING; MODELS AB We studied the detectability of narrow band random noise targets embedded in narrow band random noise backgrounds as a function of differences in center frequency, spatial frequency bandwidth and orientation bandwidth between target and the immediately adjacent background. Unlike most target detection experiments the targets were not added to the background; they replaced the underlying background texture. Simulations showed that target detection probabilities could be accounted for by a simple transformation on the summed outputs of a two layer filter model similar to the complex channels model proposed by Graham, Beck and Sutter (Graham, N., Beck, J., & Sutter, A. (1992). Vision Research, 32, 719-743). Subsequently, the model was tested on the detection of camouflaged vehicle targets with encouraging results. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Logicon Tech Serv Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. RP Reese, GJ (reprint author), Qualia Comp Inc, 2372 Lakeview Dr,Ste G, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-6989 J9 VISION RES JI Vision Res. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 39 IS 13 BP 2191 EP 2203 DI 10.1016/S0042-6989(98)00330-7 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 190BF UT WOS:000079941100003 PM 10343801 ER PT J AU Bruno, JG Kiel, JL AF Bruno, JG Kiel, JL TI In vitro selection of DNA aptamers to anthrax spores with electrochemiluminescence detection SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE anthrax; aptamers; DNA; electrochemiluminescence; SELEX ID EXPONENTIAL ENRICHMENT; SYSTEMATIC EVOLUTION; LIGANDS; MOLECULES; INVITRO AB Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) was used to select and PCR amplify DNA sequences (aptamers) capable of binding to and detecting nonpathogenic Sterne strain Bacillus anthracis spores. A simplified affinity separation approach was employed, in which autoclaved anthrax spores were used as the separation matrix. An aptamer-magnetic bead-electrochemiluminescence (AM-ECL) sandwich assay scheme was devised for detecting anthrax spores. Using a low SELEX DNA to spore ratio (154 ng DNA/10(6) spores), at least three distinct populations of single-stranded DNA aptamers, having varied affinities for anthrax spores, were noted by the AM-ECL assay. Results reflect detection of spore components with a dynamic range equivalent to < 10- > 6 x 10(6) anthrax spores. In the low DNA to spore ratio experiments, aptamers could be liberated from spore pellets by heating at 96 degrees C for 5 min after each round of SELEX. When a much higher DNA to spore ratio (10 256 ng DNA/10(6) spores) was used for SELEX development, a higher affinity set of aptamers was selected that could not be heat-eluted even at 99 degrees C for 5 min following round four of SELEX. However, high affinity spore surface bound aptamers were detectable via their 5'-biotinylated tails using labeled avidin and could be eluted in deionized water. Aptamers have potential for use as inexpensive, in vitro-generated receptors for biosensors in biological warfare detection and other areas. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Div Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Bruno, JG (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Div Radiat Oncol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 17 TC 182 Z9 196 U1 5 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD MAY 31 PY 1999 VL 14 IS 5 BP 457 EP 464 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00028-7 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 220DV UT WOS:000081650000002 PM 10451913 ER PT J AU Watson, EA AF Watson, EA TI Focus issue: Sensing - Introduction SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Editorial Material DE liquid crystals; nonlinear optics, materials; liquid crystal devices C1 USAF, Res Lab, Multifunct Electroopt Branch, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Watson, EA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Multifunct Electroopt Branch, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 24 PY 1999 VL 4 IS 11 BP 431 EP 431 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 199HJ UT WOS:000080474900001 PM 19396299 ER PT J AU Miller, RM Bieler, TR Semiatin, SL AF Miller, RM Bieler, TR Semiatin, SL TI Flow softening during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V with a lamellar colony microstructure SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; TI-6AL-2SN-4ZR-2MO-0.1SI; DEFORMATION C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Miller, RM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 25 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY 21 PY 1999 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1387 EP 1393 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00061-5 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 213JZ UT WOS:000081270300012 ER PT J AU Lu, YL Gaynor, B Hsu, C Jin, GH Cronin-Golomb, M Wang, FL Zhao, J Wang, SQ Yip, P Drehman, AJ AF Lu, YL Gaynor, B Hsu, C Jin, GH Cronin-Golomb, M Wang, FL Zhao, J Wang, SQ Yip, P Drehman, AJ TI Structural and electro-optic properties in lead magnesium niobate titanate thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-PBTIO3 AB The structural and quadratic electro-optic properties in lead magnesium niobate titanate thin films have been systematically studied as a function of the fraction x of lead titanate. (110)-oriented, pyrochlore-free PMN-PT films with PT contents around morphotropic phase boundary compositions, which have a propagation loss as low as 3 dB/cm and a high electro-optical (EO) coefficient of 1.32 x 10(-16) (m/V)(2), have been fabricated on (1012)-cut sapphire substrates. The EO measurements show that the PMN-PT is a highly promising electro-optic material. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03520-2]. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Electroopt Technol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NZ Appl Technol Corp, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNHX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), NZ Appl Technol Corp, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. RI Cronin-Golomb, Mark/A-5430-2012 OI Cronin-Golomb, Mark/0000-0002-8936-4358 NR 13 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 17 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 20 BP 3038 EP 3040 DI 10.1063/1.124057 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 197EU UT WOS:000080352700044 ER PT J AU Tomlin, DW Cooper, TM Zelmon, DE Gebeyehu, Z Hughes, JM AF Tomlin, DW Cooper, TM Zelmon, DE Gebeyehu, Z Hughes, JM TI Cadmium isopropylxanthate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The crystal structure of bis(O-isopropyl dithiocarbonato-S)cadmium(II), [Cd(C4H7OS2)(2)], has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystals are orthorhombic (space group Aba2). The coordination about cadmium is distorted tetrahedral. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Dept Chem, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Tomlin, DW (reprint author), Tech Management Concepts Inc, POB 340345, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. EM tomlindw@ml.wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 2053-2296 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Struct. Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 1999 VL 55 BP 717 EP 719 DI 10.1107/S010827019801823X PN 5 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 202QX UT WOS:000080664600008 ER PT J AU Pinnaduwage, LA Ding, WX McCorkle, DL Lin, SH Mebel, AM Garscadden, A AF Pinnaduwage, LA Ding, WX McCorkle, DL Lin, SH Mebel, AM Garscadden, A TI Enhanced electron attachment to Rydberg states in molecular hydrogen volume discharges SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY EXCITED MOLECULES; PULSED-FIELD IONIZATION; MULTICUSP ION-SOURCE; LONG-TIME STABILITY; NEGATIVE-ION; NITRIC-OXIDE; ZEKE STATES; H FORMATION; TRIATOMIC HYDROGEN; ENERGY AB We review recent studies on negative ion formation and studies in other areas that are relevant to the role of high-Rydberg states of H-2 and H-3 in hydrogen negative ion sources. Possible mechanisms for the formation of these excited states are discussed, including the formation of long-lived superexcited (core-excited) Rydberg states. Experimental evidence for negative ion formation via electron attachment to core-excited Rydberg states in a glow discharge apparatus is presented. An expression for the dissociative electron attachment rate constant for Rydberg molecules is derived based on electron capture by a Rydberg molecule due to polarization interaction. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)03310-1]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Mol Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Pinnaduwage, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mebel, Alexander/A-5234-2009 NR 64 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 10 BP 7064 EP 7069 DI 10.1063/1.370513 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 193KT UT WOS:000080136000009 ER PT J AU Weiss, I Semiatin, SL AF Weiss, I Semiatin, SL TI Thermomechanical processing of alpha titanium alloys - an overview SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Xian International Titanium Conference_on Metallurgy Technology and Applications of Titanim Alloys CY SEP 15-18, 1998 CL XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA DE titanium alloys; thermomechanical processing; hot deformation ID HOT-WORKING; DEFORMATION AB Thermomechanical processing (TMP) is associated with two major requirements: (1) the production of usable shapes through primary working (ingot breakdown) and secondary mill operations (hot rolling or forging); and (2) the optimization of mechanical properties through microstructure control during the different stages of the thermomechanical process. This paper reviews the thermomechanical processing of alpha titanium alloys in general and high temperature deformation mechanisms and microstructure control during TMP in particular. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM,Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weiss, I (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 32 TC 129 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 15 PY 1999 VL 263 IS 2 BP 243 EP 256 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)01155-1 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 184NH UT WOS:000079617900021 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Seetharaman, V Weiss, I AF Semiatin, SL Seetharaman, V Weiss, I TI Flow behavior and globularization kinetics during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V with a colony alpha microstructure SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Xian International Titanium Conference on Metallurgy Technology and Applications of Titanium Alloys CY SEP 15-18, 1998 CL XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA DE colony alpha preform microstructure; dislocation glide/climb processes; Ti-6Al-4V ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; TI-6AL-2SN-4ZR-2MO-0.1SI; RECRYSTALLIZATION; DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM AB The effect of process variables on how response and microstructure evolution during hot working of Ti-6Al-4V with a colony alpha preform microstructure was established using isothermal hot compression tests. Testing was conducted on material with prior-beta grain sizes of 100 mu m or 400 mu m at strain rates of 0.001-10 s(-1) test temperatures between 815 and 955 degrees C, and height reductions of 40-80%. All of the flow curves exhibited a peak stress followed by moderate flow softening. The absence of a grain/colony size dependence of flow behavior, coupled with relatively low values of the strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress ( similar to 0.05-0.30). led to the conclusion that deformation was controlled by dislocation glide/climb processes. Flow softening was interpreted in terms of deformation heating and substructure/texture evolution. The dependence on strain rate and temperature of the kinetics of dynamic globularization of the colony microstructure was complex and appeared to be of second-order importance compared to the effects of strain per se, thus suggesting the dominance of dislocation-type processes for the control of globularization as well. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM,Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM,Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM semiatsl@ml.wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 30 TC 199 Z9 226 U1 6 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 15 PY 1999 VL 263 IS 2 BP 257 EP 271 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)01156-3 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 184NH UT WOS:000079617900022 ER PT J AU Dimiduk, DM AF Dimiduk, DM TI Gamma titanium aluminide alloys - an assessment within the competition of aerospace structural materials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Xian International Titanium Conference_on Metallurgy Technology and Applications of Titanim Alloys CY SEP 15-18, 1998 CL XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA DE aerospace structural materials; intermetallic alloys; titanium aluminide alloys AB In the late 1970s and early 1980s, intermetallic phases emerged from being alloys of laboratory curiosity, or precipitate structures to be avoided or controlled in many 'real metals', to being widely investigated alloys, especially as prospective structural materials. After nearly two decades of sustained world-wide research, selected materials are emerging with a balance of properties which improves engineered systems, while others are introducing compelling research questions and prospects for significantly improved materials. This manuscript briefly examines selected intermetallic alloys and how they compete with other structural materials. The examination focuses on gamma titanium-aluminide alloys, from the perspective of their balance of engineering properties, state of maturity, and prospects for impacting industrial needs. A variety of engineering and business challenges remain to be solved, some of which are discussed. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM,Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dimiduk, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM,Wright Patterson AFB, Bldg 655,2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 346 Z9 401 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 15 PY 1999 VL 263 IS 2 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)01158-7 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 184NH UT WOS:000079617900024 ER PT J AU Belen'kii, MS Karis, SJ Brown, JM Fugate, RQ AF Belen'kii, MS Karis, SJ Brown, JM Fugate, RQ TI Experimental validation of a technique to measure tilt from a laser guide star SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FULL APERTURE TILT; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; ANISOPLANATISM; COMPENSATION AB We have experimentally demonstrated for what is believed to be the first time a method for sensing wave-front tilt with a laser guide star (LGS). The tilt components of wave fronts were measured synchronously from the LGS by use of a telescope with a 0.75-m effective aperture and from the star Polaris by use of a 1.5-m telescope. The Rayleigh guide star was formed at an altitude of 6 km and at a corresponding range of 10.5 km by projection of a focused beam at Polaris from the full aperture at the 1.5-m telescope. Both telescope mounts were unpowered and bolted in place, allowing us to reduce substantially the telescope vibration. The maximum value of the measured cross-correlation coefficient between the tilt for Polaris and the LGS is 0.71. The variations of the measured cross-correlation coefficient in the range from 0.22 to 0.71 are caused by turbulence at altitudes above 6 km, which was not sampled by the laser beacon but affected tilt for Polaris, the cone effect for turbulence below 6 km, residual mount jitter of the telescopes, and variations of the signal/noise ratio. The results support our concept of sensing atmospheric tilt by observing, a LGS with an auxiliary telescope and indicate that this method is a possible solution for the tip-tilt problem. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 010.1080, 010.1290, 010.1300. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Belen'kii, MS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 10 BP 637 EP 639 DI 10.1364/OL.24.000637 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 197DH UT WOS:000080349000001 PM 18073807 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R AF Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R TI Effects of halogenation on the ionized and excited states of free-base and zinc porphyrins SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; VAPOR ABSORPTION SPECTRA; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; COUPLING REACTIONS AB Ab initio electronic structure theory has been applied to study the effects of beta-halogenation on the structure, ionization potentials (IP), and electronic spectra of free-base (PH2) and zinc porphyrins (ZnP). Electronic and infrared (IR) spectra of beta-octahalogenated free-base (beta-PX8H2; X=F, Cl, Br) and zinc porphyrins (beta-ZnPX8; X=F, Cl, Br) are predicted using TDDFT, B3LYP, and CIS methods. Computations of the excitation energies and IPs are also carried out using structures obtained with the B3LYP density functional. Valence IPs of PH2 and ZnP increase significantly upon beta-halogenation. Except for the fluoro group, all beta-halogen auxochromes slightly redshift the ultraviolet (UV) and visible bands of the free-base and zinc porphyrin chromophores. beta-halogenation significantly redshifts the B bands with increasing magnitude upon going down the period. In addition, we gauge the effects of beta-halogenation on the thermodynamic stability of ZnP by calculating the metal binding energies for beta-ZnPX8. We found that all beta-ZnPX8 have lower metal binding energies than the corresponding binding energy predicted for ZnP. The metal binding energies for zinc porphyrins are significantly larger (similar to 2 eV) than the H-2 elimination enthalpies of the corresponding free-base analogs. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)31018-7]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 94 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 8 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 18 BP 9135 EP 9144 DI 10.1063/1.478835 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 192HU UT WOS:000080073200034 ER PT J AU Davidovitz, M Franchi, P AF Davidovitz, M Franchi, P TI Design guidelines for a low-loss interconnection between two strip lines SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE interconnections; strip lines; aperture coupling AB The characteristics of a low-loss vertical interconnection between two strip lines are analyzed and a set of design curves is deduced. The ship lines are capacitively coupled through a quarter-wave longitudinal slit. A perturbation approach is applied to calculate the power loss associated with the slot radiation into the parallel-plate mode. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Davidovitz, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD MAY 5 PY 1999 VL 21 IS 3 BP 168 EP 170 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 189BJ UT WOS:000079884000004 ER PT J AU Lando, HA Haddock, CK Klesges, RC Talcott, GW Jensen, J AF Lando, HA Haddock, CK Klesges, RC Talcott, GW Jensen, J TI Smokeless tobacco use in a population of young adults SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article AB xThe current study examined characteristics of smokeless tobacco users in a large population of Air Force recruits. In addition, smokeless tobacco users were compared to nontobacco users, to cigarette smokers, and to users of both smokeless tobacco and cigarettes. Participants were 32,144 individuals who entered Basic Military Training from August 1995 to August 1996. A 53-item questionnaire assessed demographics, tobacco use history, risk taking, and other health-risk factors. Those who both chewed and smoked scored considerably higher on a number of risk factors than did those who limited their tobacco consumption to either cigarettes or chew. Cigarette smokers in turn tended to score consistently higher on self-reported risk factors than did nontobacco users. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Univ Memphis, Prevent Ctr, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lando, HA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Suite 300,1300 S 2nd St, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. NR 6 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 24 IS 3 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1016/S0306-4603(98)00058-6 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 199UY UT WOS:000080503500012 PM 10400282 ER PT J AU McKinney, RW Portanova, PL Spilger, KM Blaylock, AL AF McKinney, RW Portanova, PL Spilger, KM Blaylock, AL TI EELV meets CAIV SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Article C1 USAF, EELV Syst Program Off, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP McKinney, RW (reprint author), USAF, EELV Syst Program Off, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 37 IS 5 BP 68 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 192CV UT WOS:000080061400029 ER PT J AU Cummings, GH AF Cummings, GH TI The effect of growth factor therapy on blast percentages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cummings, GH (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 111 IS 5 BP 711 EP 711 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 189RU UT WOS:000079920500020 PM 10230365 ER PT J AU Olszewski, AD Jones, R Farrell, R Kaylor, K AF Olszewski, AD Jones, R Farrell, R Kaylor, K TI The effects of dilute epinephrine saline irrigation on the need for tourniquet use in routine arthroscopic knee surgery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED-POTENTIALS; PNEUMATIC TOURNIQUET; PARALYSIS AB A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was performed to determine whether dilute epinephrine saline irrigation (1 mg/l) delivered by gravity flow would significantly reduce the need for tourniquet use during routine arthroscopic surgery. One hundred five patients requiring straightforward arthroscopic knee surgery were randomly assigned to either an epinephrine group that received dilute epinephrine irrigation by gravity flow or to a placebo group that received normal saline irrigation by gravity flow. The need for tourniquet use and the tourniquet time, total operative time, and volume of irrigation fluid used were documented and compared between the two groups. A tourniquet was required 50% less often in the epinephrine group than in the placebo group. This difference was found to be statistically significant using the Student's t-test (P < 0.008, alpha less than or equal to 0.05). If a tourniquet was required, the presence of dilute epinephrine in the irrigation fluid did not affect the overall tourniquet time or the ratio of tourniquet time to total operative time. We believe this study proved that dilute epinephrine irrigation is effective in decreasing the need for tourniquet use during routine arthroscopic knee surgery. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Olszewski, AD (reprint author), 200 Conway Dr, Kalispell, MT 59901 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 27 IS 3 BP 354 EP 356 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 199MQ UT WOS:000080486400015 PM 10352773 ER PT J AU Shumelyuk, A Odoulov, S Brost, G AF Shumelyuk, A Odoulov, S Brost, G TI Multiline coherent oscillation in photorefractive crystals with two species of movable carriers SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-HOLE TRANSPORT; PHASE-CONJUGATE MIRROR; TIN HYPOTHIODIPHOSPHATE; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; STEADY-STATE; INP-FE; INTENSITY; GRATINGS; MEDIA AB The coherent oscillation, because of nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in photorefractive crystals with two types of movable charge carriers, occurs at two spectral lines symmetrically shifted with respect to the pump frequency. Consequently the output oscillation exhibits the high contrast intensity modulation. The frequency separation of two oscillation modes land modulation frequency of the output intensity) depend on the incident light intensity and spatial frequency of the developing grating. A model is presented explaining this typo of oscillation by the two-maxima shape of the gain spectrum in crystals with sufficiently different relaxation times of two space-charge gratings, one formed by movable electrons and the other one by movable holes. The experimental data for coherent oscillator with tin hypothiodiphosphate (Sn(2)P(2)S(6)) an in reasonable quantitative agreement with the calculations. C1 Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, SNDR, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Odoulov, S (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. EM odoulov@iop.kiev.ua NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 68 IS 5 BP 959 EP 966 DI 10.1007/s003400050730 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 194AV UT WOS:000080170700030 ER PT J AU Grismer, LE Harris, MD Morrison, WB AF Grismer, LE Harris, MD Morrison, WB TI Lattice pattern of osseous destruction in sarcoidosis SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Grismer, LE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1065 EP 1065 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 193MP UT WOS:000080140400031 PM 10323468 ER PT J AU Ornstein, DL MacNab, J Cohn, KH AF Ornstein, DL MacNab, J Cohn, KH TI Evidence for tumor-host cooperation in regulating MMP-2 expression in human colon cancer SO CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL METASTASIS LA English DT Article DE colon cancer; fibroblast; metalloproteinase; metastasis ID HUMAN COLORECTAL TUMORS; GELATINASE-A MMP-2; CELLS IN-VIVO; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; STROMAL CELLS; 72-KDA GELATINASE; IV COLLAGENASE; SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS; TISSUE INHIBITORS; CARCINOMA-CELLS AB Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) facilitates tumor growth and metastasis in colon cancer. Although tumor cells may produce MMP-2, stromal cells, such as macrophages and fibroblasts, contribute significantly to MMP-2 synthesis in human tumors. We characterized four human colon cancer cell lines with differing biological behavior for MMP-2 expression. While the parent tumors from which the cell lines were derived all expressed MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-2 transcripts were detected in only one cell line, TF-17C, which is nontumorigenic in a nude mouse tumor model. TF-43C, which is tumorigenic and metastatic in the same tumor model, did not produce MMP-2, yet the tumors which arose from it after injection into nude mice did contain MMP-2 mRNA, suggesting a contribution from stromal cells. Co-culturing TF-43C with fibroblasts resulted in an increase in MMP-2 protein, whereas co-culturing with the nontumorigenic cell line TF-13Cm did not alter constitutive fibroblast MMP-2 secretion. Conditioned medium from TF-43C cells also stimulated fibroblast MMP-2 production. These data suggest that a soluble factor from TF-43C cells can stimulate fibroblast MMP-2 production and support the hypothesis that colon cancer cell interactions with stromal fibroblasts may be important determinants of tumor behavior in vivo. C1 VA Med & Reg Off Ctr, White River Junction, VT 05009 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Sch Med, Dept Med & Surg, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ornstein, DL (reprint author), 759 Med Operat Squadron MMIH, 2200 Bergquist Dr Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47327]; NIAMS NIH HHS [F32 AR-26599, F32-AR-08216] NR 50 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-0898 J9 CLIN EXP METASTAS JI Clin. Exp. Metastasis PD MAY PY 1999 VL 17 IS 3 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1023/A:1006562818088 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 209TH UT WOS:000081064600003 PM 10432005 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE Jih, CJ AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE Jih, CJ TI An improvement for tensile instability in smoothed particle hydrodynamics SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSIBLE TURBULENT FLOWS; HIGH-VELOCITY IMPACT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CONTACT DETECTION; APPLIED MECHANICS; SPH SIMULATIONS; COMPUTATIONS; ICE AB A corrective Smoothed-Particle Method (CSPM) is proposed to address the tensile instability and, boundary deficiency problems that have hampered full exploitation of standard smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The results from applying this algorithm to the 1-D bar and 2-D plane stress problems are promising. In addition to the advantage of being a gridless Lagrangian approach, improving the above two major obstacles in standard SPH makes it attractive for applications in computational mechanics. C1 USAF, Directed Energy Effects Res Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Ford Res Lab, CAE Dept, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Effects Res Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 40 TC 61 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-7675 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 23 IS 4 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s004660050409 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 203FG UT WOS:000080697000001 ER PT J AU Elston, DM AF Elston, DM TI What's eating you? Pediculus humanus (head louse and body louse) SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID CUTANEOUS LARVA MIGRANS; IVERMECTIN TREATMENT; TOPICAL TREATMENTS; CLINICAL EFFICACY; LICE; SCABIES; PERMETHRIN; INFESTATION; CAPITIS; DEATHS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), 59th Med Wing,769 MDOS MMID,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD MAY PY 1999 VL 63 IS 5 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 195DC UT WOS:000080233000003 PM 10349539 ER PT J AU Proffer, LH Czarnik, KL Sartori, CR AF Proffer, LH Czarnik, KL Sartori, CR TI Colon carcinoma cutis: A case report SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID METASTASES; SKIN AB The occurrence of cutaneous metastasis from colon cancer is rare, especially when located on the extremities. Cutaneous metastasis typically signifies widespread disease and poor prognosis. Although uncommon, carcinoma cutis must be considered in any patient with a history of carcinoma who presents with a new skin eruption. Diagnostic biopsy is essential, inasmuch as the appearance of these lesions is not distinctive. We present a patient with known colon cancer and the new onset of papules on her right lower extremity. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Proffer, LH (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 59th Med Wing AETC,759th MDOS MMID,2200 Bergquist, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD MAY PY 1999 VL 63 IS 5 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 195DC UT WOS:000080233000010 PM 10349546 ER PT J AU Fawaz, SA AF Fawaz, SA TI Stress intensity factor solutions for part-elliptical through cracks SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE stress intensity factor; lap-splice joint; part-elliptical; finite element analysis; virtual crack closure technique; through crack; oblique front AB The present analytical investigation is directed toward predicting the growth of large cracks in riveted lap-splice joints, similar to joints found in operational transport aircraft. The fatigue crack growth of large through cracks with oblique crack fronts can now be predicted using the results of this investigation. A characteristic of fatigue in riveted lap joints is crack growth under a complex stress system which, in its simplest form, consists of cyclic tension with superimposed cyclic bending due to the eccentricity in the lap joint. In reality, rivet squeezing causes hole expansion and built-in residual stresses. Rivet tilting in the rivet hole and contact problems are other complications. To predict the growth of part through cracks with a quarter elliptical shape in lap-splice joints, stress intensity solutions, such as the well-known Newman-Raju K-solutions are available. However, these cracks change into through cracks with oblique crack fronts and continue to grow due to the combined tension and bending. Since no K-solutions are available for through cracks with oblique fronts, the finite-element method and a three-dimensional virtual crack closure technique (3D VCCT) were adopted. The 3D VCCT is shown to be invariant to crack plane mesh orientation, permitting a minimal amount of pre-processing of the mesh to generate a new K solution. K-values are presented for a range of crack depth to crack length ratios (a/c(1) = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0, 2.0), crack depth to sheet thickness ratios (a/t = 1.05, 1.09, 1.13, 1.17, 1.21, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0) and hole radius to sheet thickness ratios (r/t = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fawaz, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 63 IS 2 BP 209 EP 226 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(99)00003-X PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 205NX UT WOS:000080828400007 ER PT J AU Degnan, JH Baker, WL Cowan, M Graham, JD Holmes, JL Lopez, EA Price, DW Ralph, D Roderick, NF AF Degnan, JH Baker, WL Cowan, M Graham, JD Holmes, JL Lopez, EA Price, DW Ralph, D Roderick, NF TI Operation of cylindrical array of plasma guns SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An experiment to combine many moderate-energy plasma gun discharges into one higher-energy discharge is described. Operated in a cylindrical array were 12 to 24 plasma guns with individual currents of up to 300 kA and individual discharge energies of 25 to 80 kJ. They were directed radially inward. They used separate refractory insulators. Reusable operation was achieved at up to a 1-MJ, 3-MA composite discharge bevel, and fast photography indicated that the separate discharges combined to form a single, symmetric, cylindrically converging discharge. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Degnan, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Phillips Res Site, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 35 IS 3 BP 354 EP 360 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 190DM UT WOS:000079946800006 ER PT J AU Moen, J Carlson, HC Sandholt, PE AF Moen, J Carlson, HC Sandholt, PE TI Continuous observation of cusp auroral dynamics in response to an IMF B-Y polarity change SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; LATITUDE DAYSIDE IONOSPHERE; CAP BOUNDARY; CONVECTION; MAGNETOSHEATH; MAGNETOPAUSE; EVENTS AB The IMF B-Y control of the motion pattern and the location of cusp auroral activity has been continuously monitored in a case when the B-Y component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) went from -15 nT to +15 nT in the course of 20 minutes. This is the first time a direct observation of an IMF B-Y regulated shift in the longitudinal position of the auroral cusp has been documented. The IMF B-Y regulation of the cusp is regarded to be a unique signature of magnetopause reconnection. In this particular case the zonal shift of the cusp centre is estimated to be at least 3 hours in magnetic local time. The observations indicate that the cusp reconfigured within a few minutes after the B-Y polarity change imposed on the magnetopause. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSB, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. AFOSR, AFRL, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Moen, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSB, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1243 EP 1246 DI 10.1029/1999GL900224 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 193EL UT WOS:000080122900015 ER PT J AU Lohmann, D Lettenmaier, DP Liang, X Wood, EF Boone, A Chang, S Chen, F Dai, YJ Desborough, C Dickinson, RE Duan, QY Ek, M Gusev, YM Habets, F Irannejad, P Koster, R Mitchell, KE Nasonova, ON Noilhan, J Schaake, J Schlosser, A Shao, YP Shmakin, AB Verseghy, D Warrach, K Wetzel, P Xue, YK Yang, ZL Zeng, QC AF Lohmann, D Lettenmaier, DP Liang, X Wood, EF Boone, A Chang, S Chen, F Dai, YJ Desborough, C Dickinson, RE Duan, QY Ek, M Gusev, YM Habets, F Irannejad, P Koster, R Mitchell, KE Nasonova, ON Noilhan, J Schaake, J Schlosser, A Shao, YP Shmakin, AB Verseghy, D Warrach, K Wetzel, P Xue, YK Yang, ZL Zeng, QC TI The project for intercomparison of land-surface parameterization schemes (PILPS) phase 2(c) Red-arkansas river basin experiment 3. Spatial and temporal analysis of water fluxes (vol 19, pg 161, 1998) SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Correction C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Operat Res, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Mesoscale Dynam & Precipitat Branch, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom, MA USA. NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Macquarie Univ, Climat Impacts Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NOAA, NWS, Off Hydrol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Water Problems, Moscow, Russia. CNRM, MeteoFrance, Toulouse, France. Univ New S Wales, Ctr Adv Numer Computat Engn & Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. Inst Geog, Moscow, Russia. RP Lohmann, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Operat Res, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Nasonova, Olga/B-6093-2014; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; gusev, yugeniy/G-4711-2014; Shao, Yaping/G-3606-2013 OI Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512; gusev, yugeniy/0000-0003-3886-2143; Shao, Yaping/0000-0002-2041-5479 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD MAY PY 1999 VL 20 IS 4 BP 291 EP 295 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 215BP UT WOS:000081362300007 ER PT J AU Whitcomb, BP Kost, ER Hines, JF Zahn, CM Hall, KL AF Whitcomb, BP Kost, ER Hines, JF Zahn, CM Hall, KL TI Primary peritoneal psammocarcinoma: A case presenting with an upper abdominal mass and elevated CA-125 SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN-TUMORS AB Primary peritoneal serous adenocarcinoma with predominating psammoma bodies, psammocarcinoma, is a very rare tumor with only seven cases documented in the English literature. Pathological classification of this entity was established in 1990 and clinical behavior of this tumor is uncertain. Based on limited data these tumors appear to behave similarly to low malignant potential tumors of the ovary. This case describes a 59-year-old woman who underwent exploratory laparotomy for a large upper abdominal cystic mass. Findings included a large tumor mass involving the gastrocolic omentum and dense small bowel adhesions. The patient had normal ovaries and was debulked to no macroscopic disease. Final pathologic diagnosis confirmed a stage IIIC primary peritoneal psammocarcinoma, The patient has received no adjunctive therapy and is without evidence of disease 2 years after surgery. Primary peritoneal psammocarcinoma is a neoplasm which can mimic serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Ln contrast, primary peritoneal psammocarcinoma appears to behave in an indolent fashion. Primary surgical debulking should be attempted, while the utility of postoperative chemotherapy remains unknown. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol MCHE OG, Div Gynecol Oncol, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Kost, ER (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol MCHE OG, Div Gynecol Oncol, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Bldg 3600,3852 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 73 IS 2 BP 331 EP 334 DI 10.1006/gyno.1998.5309 PG 4 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 196UB UT WOS:000080325000028 PM 10329057 ER PT J AU Carr, J Root, J Fetner, R Salisbury, M Richmond, R AF Carr, J Root, J Fetner, R Salisbury, M Richmond, R TI Airdrop ballistic winds operationally capable lidar SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The Airdrop Ballistic Winds (ABW) team, within the Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, Electro-Optic (EO) Sensor Technology Division, Multi-Function EO Branch (AFRL/SNJM), at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, conducted flight tests of its 2 micron laser radar (lidar). This system, called the Operationally Capable Lidar (OCL), was installed in a modified C-130 fuel pod. The OCL was designed to: 1) provide real-time, 3-dimensional maps of wind fields between the aircraft and the ground; and 2) significantly improve airdrop accuracy from high altitudes. This paper briefly describes the OCL, the Precision Airdrop Simulation (PADS) tool, and flight test activities, including the Precision Airdrop Integrated Demonstration which was conducted at Yuma Proving Grounds (YPG), Arizona, from 29 August through 12 September 1998. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Multi Funct Electroopt Branch,SNJM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carr, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Multi Funct Electroopt Branch,SNJM, 3109 P St,Bldg 622, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 14 IS 5 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1109/62.765778 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 195WR UT WOS:000080275600009 ER PT J AU Sherriff, RE Feld, SA Loehr, JP AF Sherriff, RE Feld, SA Loehr, JP TI Comparison of exact and approximate optical designs for graded-interface distributed Bragg reflectors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE distributed Bragg reflector lasers; Fabry-Perot resonators; graded index optics; phase matching; semiconductor lasers AB The reflectance of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is maximized when multiple reflections within Che structure are phase-matched. DBR's with graded interfaces are often designed using approximations based on optical thickness or coupled-mode theory: The former addresses phase-matching only approximately, while the latter does not explicitly address phase-matching at all. By introducing the concept of a generalized interface, we demonstrate how to exactly phase-match Fabry-Perot cavities and DBR's containing arbitrary grades. The theoretical reflectance of exact and approximate mirror designs is compared for linear and asymmetric parabolic grades in a 25 period GaAs-AlAs DER, For short, symmetric grades, the performance differences are quite small, but for longer, asymmetric grades, they can be significant. Our comparison suggests a simple modification of the optical thickness approach that optimizes its accuracy for asymmetric grades. Our generalization of reflectance phase-matching also has applicability beyond DER design, since it applies to nonperiodic structures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPA, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNDD, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sherriff, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPA, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 582 EP 589 DI 10.1109/2944.788421 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 235LB UT WOS:000082542200025 ER PT J AU Newell, TC Wright, MW Hou, H Lester, LF AF Newell, TC Wright, MW Hou, H Lester, LF TI Carrier distribution, spontaneous emission and gain engineering in lasers with nonidentical quantum wells SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE quantum-well devices; quantum-well lasers; semiconductor lasers ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; ENERGY RELAXATION; SPECTRA; DIODES; TIME AB Novel quantum-well lasers with a 100-Angstrom GaAs quantum-well (QW) (lambda similar to 840 nm) and a higher energy 40-Angstrom AlGaInAs QW (lambda similar to 810 nm) in a graded AlxGa1-xAs separate confinement heterostructure (SCN) with the bandgap increasing from the p- to the n-side are characterized. A sizeable variation in the QW carrier densities can be achieved as a function of well composition and placement due to the built-in electric field that forces carriers toward the p-side of the SCH and the different densities of states and carrier capture rates of the QW's. Transversely emitted spontaneous emission (SE) is measured through a windowed contact to determine the relative contribution from each QW to the fetal SE, Information from these measurements is incorporated into a detailed device model to determine the carrier density and evaluate the gain characteristics in a ne iv way. Since the nonidentical wells emit different photon energies, it is shown for the first time that the carrier density can he determined at a specific location within the SCH of a semiconductor laser. By changing the placement of dissimilar QW's and the grading the SCH, it is found that the gain spectrum can be substantially engineered. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Semicond Laser Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EMCORE Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Newell, TC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 620 EP 626 DI 10.1109/2944.788426 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 235LB UT WOS:000082542200030 ER PT J AU Haddad, WM Leonessa, A Chellaboina, VS Fausz, JL AF Haddad, WM Leonessa, A Chellaboina, VS Fausz, JL TI Nonlinear robust disturbance rejection controllers for rotating stall and surge in axial flow compressors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compression systems; disturbance rejection; globally stabilizing control; parametric uncertainty; robust control; rotating stall; surge ID CASCADE SYSTEMS AB In this paper we develop globally stabilizing robust/disturbance rejection controllers for rotating stall and surge in axial flow compressors with uncertain system dynamics and exogenous disturbances. Specifically, using the nonlinear-nonquadratic disturbance rejection optimal control framework for systems with bounded energy (square-integrable) L(2) disturbances developed in [15] and the nonlinear-nonquadratic robust optimal control framework for systems with nonlinear structured parametric uncertainty developed in [16], a family of globally robustly stabilizing controllers for jet engine compression systems is developed. The proposed controllers are compared with the locally stabilizing bifurcation-based controllers of [17]-[20] and the recursive backstepping controllers of [21]. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Technol Branch, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Haddad, WM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Chellaboina, Vijaysekhar/I-6507-2016 OI Chellaboina, Vijaysekhar/0000-0003-2576-5037 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 7 IS 3 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1109/87.761059 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 191HL UT WOS:000080017000010 ER PT J AU Foltz, TM Welsh, BM AF Foltz, TM Welsh, BM TI Symmetric convolution of asymmetric multidimensional sequences using discrete trigonometric transforms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE multidimensional digital filters; symmetric convolution; trigonometric transforms ID COSINE TRANSFORMS; SINE AB This paper uses the fact that the discrete Fourier transform diagonalizes a circulant matrix to provide an alternate derivation of the symmetric convolution-multiplication property for discrete trigonometric transforms. Derived in this manner, the symmetric convolution-multiplication property extends easily to multiple dimensions using the notion of block circulant matrices and generalizes to multidimensional asymmetric sequences. The symmetric convolution of multidimensional asymmetric sequences can then be accomplished by taking the product of the trigonometric transforms of the sequences and then applying an inverse trigonometric transform to the result. An example is given of how this theory can be used for applying a two-dimensional (2-D) finite impulse response (FIR) filter with nonlinear phase which models atmospheric turbulence, C1 Air Command & Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. Mission Res Corp, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Foltz, TM (reprint author), Air Command & Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 8 IS 5 BP 640 EP 651 DI 10.1109/83.760312 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 191TH UT WOS:000080037300004 PM 18267480 ER PT J AU Broussard, RP Rogers, SK Oxley, ME Tarr, GL AF Broussard, RP Rogers, SK Oxley, ME Tarr, GL TI Physiologically motivated image fusion for object detection using a pulse coupled neural network SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE automatics target recognition; breast cancer; CAD; CADx; computer-aided diagnosis; image fusion; neural networks; object detection; pulse coupled network; segmentation; wavelets ID VISUAL-CORTEX; RECOGNITION; SYSTEM; SCALE AB This paper presents the first physiologically motivated pulse coupled neural network (PCNN)-based image fusion network for object detection, Primate vision processing principles, such as expectation driven filtering, state dependent modulation, temporal synchronization, and multiple processing paths are applied to create a physiologically motivated image fusion network, PCNN's are used to fuse the results of several object detection techniques to improve object detection accuracy. Image processing techniques (wavelets, morphological, etc.) are used to extract target features and PCNN's are used to focus attention by segmenting and fusing the information, The object detection property of the resulting image fusion network is demonstrated on mammograms and Forward Looking Infrared Radar (FLIR) images. The network removed 94% of the false detections without removing any true detections in the FLIR images and removed 46% of the false detections while removing only 7% of the true detections in the mammograms, The model exceeded the accuracy obtained by any individual filtering methods or by logical ANDing the individual object detection technique results. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Broussard, RP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 90 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1045-9227 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 10 IS 3 BP 554 EP 563 DI 10.1109/72.761712 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 193EJ UT WOS:000080122700009 PM 18252553 ER PT J AU Wilcox, MJ Thelen, DC AF Wilcox, MJ Thelen, DC TI A retina with parallel input and pulsed output, extracting high-resolution information SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE analog preprocessing; artificial retina; auto-contrast enhancement; current shunting; edge extraction; hyperacuity; subpixel resolution ID COUPLED NEURAL-NETWORK; GAP-JUNCTIONS; FLY AB Animal eyes resolve images 10-100 times better than either the acceptance angle of a single photoreceptor or the center-to-center distance between neighboring photoreceptors, A new model of the By's visual system emulates this improved performance, offering a different approach to subpixel resolution. That an animal without a cortex is capable of this performance suggests that high level computation is not involved. The model takes advantage of a photoreceptor cell's internal structure for capturing and transducing light, This organelle is a waveguide. Neurocircuitry exploits the waveguide's optical nonlinearities, namely the shoulder region of its gaussian, angular-sensitivity profile, to extract high resolution information front the visual scene. The receptive fields of optically disparate inputs overlap in space. Photoreceptor input is continuous rather than discretely sampled. The output of the integrating module is a signal proportional to the position of the target within the detector array. Input imbalance at the level of the photodiode modules is detected by circuitry connecting neighboring visual elements. A pulsed network of these connections forms a parallel array that segments edges of an object and continuously reports its position to the underlying layer of feature extractors, offering a new approach to real time processing with high resolution and reduced computational load. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Inst Adv Microelect, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Wilcox, MJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1045-9227 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 10 IS 3 BP 574 EP 583 DI 10.1109/72.761714 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 193EJ UT WOS:000080122700011 PM 18252555 ER PT J AU Clark, N Banish, M Ranganath, HS AF Clark, N Banish, M Ranganath, HS TI Smart adaptive optic systems using spatial light modulators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; liquid crystals; micro-mirrors; phase diversity; smart vision; wavefront correction ID SQUARES AB Many factors contribute to the aberrations induced in an optical system, Atmospheric turbulence between the object and the imaging system, physical or thermal perturbations in optical elements degrade the system's point spread function, and misaligned optics are the primary sources of aberrations that affect image quality. The design of a nonconventional real-time adaptive optic system using a micro-mirror device for wavefront correction is presented, The unconventional compensated imaging system presented offers advantages in speed, cost, power consumption, and weight. A pulsed-coupled neural network is used to as a preprocessor to enhance the performance of the wavefront sensor for low-light applications. Modeling results that characterize the system performance are presented. C1 USAF, Phillips Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. SY Technol, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. RP Clark, N (reprint author), USAF, Phillips Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Clark, Noel/E-9011-2010 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1045-9227 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 10 IS 3 BP 599 EP 603 DI 10.1109/72.761717 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 193EJ UT WOS:000080122700014 PM 18252558 ER PT J AU Schooff, RM Haimes, YY AF Schooff, RM Haimes, YY TI Dynamic multistage software estimation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART C-APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE dynamic programming; Monte Carlo simulation; software cost-estimation AB This paper develops dynamic models that advance the state-of-the-art in software estimation to meet the analytic requirements of the most current spiral and prototyping software development process paradigms. These models account for the dynamics of changing requirements, system design, and other policy factors. The dynamic formulation permits analysis of the effect of current-stage decisions on future decision opportunities in light of multiple objectives associated with cost overrun and schedule delay. A linear-normal dynamic model with closed-form solution is developed first and provides the context for defining the components of the software cost-estimation dynamic model and for describing the interaction of these components. A second model relaxes the linearity and normal distribution restrictions, employing nonlinear state and observation equations derived from the Intermediate COCOMO and COCOMO II models. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Virginia, Ctr Risk Management Engn Syst, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Schooff, RM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1094-6977 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY C JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C-Appl. Rev. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 272 EP 284 DI 10.1109/5326.760571 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 192XM UT WOS:000080105100010 ER PT J AU Raines, RA Davis, NJ AF Raines, RA Davis, NJ TI The simulation modelling and performance analysis of low earth orbit satellite communication networks for personal communications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE satellite communications; low earth orbit satellite networks; metamodeling; personal communication systems AB This paper extends previous research efforts related to the simulation performance modelling and analysis of satellite communication networks. Specifically, the use of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks for personal communications is examined. Six different satellite constellation configurations are investigated in a packet-switched operating environment. Performance metrics examined are the end-to-end packet delay and the utilization of satellite channels in the dynamic environment. Realistic and accurate models of the physical satellite network and its terrestrial transmitters require that numerous operating characteristics and assumptions be specified. These are based on proposed design requirements of commercial systems, such as Iridium.(1) Via the use of simulation, we show the relative delay and utilization performance of differing satellite network architectures. From these simulation models, mathematical metamodels are derived for the system delays. These innovative models are used to predict the delay performance of different network architectures not previously simulated. Comparison of these metamodels with simulation results show that metamodels provide an accurate means for performance prediction. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Raines, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1074-5351 J9 INT J COMMUN SYST JI Int. J. Commun. Syst. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 12 IS 3 BP 197 EP 215 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1131(199905/06)12:3<197::AID-DAC395>3.0.CO;2-C PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 215ER UT WOS:000081369400005 ER PT J AU Wilson, GF Swain, CR Ullsperger, P AF Wilson, GF Swain, CR Ullsperger, P TI EEG power changes during a multiple level memory retention task SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE memory; EEG; task difficulty; alpha; theta; beta; mental workload ID EVENT-RELATED DESYNCHRONIZATION; SEMANTIC MEMORY; THETA; ALPHA; SYNCHRONIZATION; BRAIN AB EEG changes related to the amount of information held in memory during a 4-s retention period were studied. The predictability of the amount of information held in memory was varied. In the weighted condition, 60% of the trials contained only one item and the remaining 40% of the trials were evenly distributed between trials containing 3, 5, 7, or 8 items. In the random condition, the levels were equally represented and randomly presented. In the blocked condition the levels were equally represented but presented in five blocks containing only items from one of the levels. Initial widespread decreases in alpha band power were followed by increased activity in all three conditions. The more difficult of the five levels produced decreased alpha activity in more localized posterior left hemisphere sites. This suggests two alpha mechanisms, one associated with task engagement and the other related to the cognitive demands regardless of the presentation context. Theta band power increased over frontal scalp, and to a lesser extent over left parietal and temporal areas and bilateral occipital sites, during only the weighted condition. These changes were uniform over the entire retention period. Beta 2 activity was also influenced by the task difficulty and the time course of the retention period in the two conditions. Beta 2 activity resembled both alpha and theta in that in levels 1, 2 and 3 it acted like alpha with increasing power over time at numerous widespread sites while the higher difficulty levels showed higher power at the beginning of the retention period and then decreased. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Crew Syst Interface Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Logicon Tech Serv Inc, Dayton, OH USA. Bundesanstalt Arbeitsschutz & Arbeitsmed, Berlin, Germany. RP Wilson, GF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Crew Syst Interface Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8760 J9 INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL JI Int. J. Psychophysiol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 32 IS 2 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0167-8760(99)00005-7 PG 12 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 202MV UT WOS:000080657100002 PM 10380945 ER PT J AU Watson, PM Cho, C Gupta, KC AF Watson, PM Cho, C Gupta, KC TI Electromagnetic-artificial neural network model for synthesis of physical dimensions for multilayer asymmetric coupled transmission structures (invited article) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE artificial neural network; multilayer coupled lines; computer-aided design; synthesis; inverse modeling ID DESIGN; LINES; COMPONENTS; CIRCUITS; FILTERS AB A methodology for synthesis (leading to physical dimensions) of multilayer asymmetric coupled microstrip lines using artificial neural network models is presented. Models are appropriate for design and optimization of multilayer configurations for circuits like filters, baluns, and directional couplers. Proposed methodology is demonstrated by designing a two-layer coupled line filter. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Adv Mfg & Packaging Microwave Opt & Digital E, CAMPmode, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Watson, PM (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1096-4290 J9 INT J RF MICROW C E JI Int. J. RF Microw. Comput-Aid. Eng. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-047X(199905)9:3<175::AID-MMCE4>3.0.CO;2-P PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 189ZX UT WOS:000079938000004 ER PT J AU Creech, GL Zurada, JM AF Creech, GL Zurada, JM TI Neural network modeling of GaAs IC material and MESFET device characteristics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE artificial neural network; microwave; modeling; integrated circuit; yield AB This paper pro,ides an overview of research focused on the utilization of neurocomputing technology to model critical in-process integrated circuit material and device characteristics. Artificial neural networks are employed to develop models of complex relationships between material and device characteristics at critical stages of the semiconductor fabrication process. Measurements taken and subsequently used in modeling include doping concentrations, layer thicknesses, planar geometries, resistivities, device voltages, and currents. The neural network architecture utilized in this research is the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN). The MLPNN is trained in the supervised mode using the generalized delta learning rule. The MLPNN has demonstrated with good results the ability to model these characteristics, and provide an effective tool for parametric yield prediction and whole wafer characterization in semiconductor manufacturing. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Creech, GL (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Zurada, Jacek/B-8687-2013 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1096-4290 J9 INT J RF MICROW C E JI Int. J. RF Microw. Comput-Aid. Eng. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-047X(199905)9:3<241::AID-MMCE8>3.0.CO;2-P PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 189ZX UT WOS:000079938000008 ER PT J AU Watson, PM Gupta, KC Mahajan, RL AF Watson, PM Gupta, KC Mahajan, RL TI Applications of knowledge-based artificial neural network modeling to microwave components SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE artificial neural network; knowledge based; computer-aided design; modeling; microwave ID EM-ANN MODELS; INTERCONNECTS; CIRCUITS; OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN AB This paper expands upon reported methods for utilizing prior knowledge for reducing complexity of input-output relationships that an ANN must learn. Previously, two simple methods, difference method and prior knowledge input method, were demonstrated for new model developments, This paper utilizes knowledge-based modeling techniques for novel microwave modeling applications. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Adv Mfg & Packaging Microwave Opt & Digital E, CAMPmode, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Watson, PM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1096-4290 J9 INT J RF MICROW C E JI Int. J. RF Microw. Comput-Aid. Eng. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-047X(199905)9:3<254::AID-MMCE9>3.3.CO;2-7 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 189ZX UT WOS:000079938000009 ER PT J AU Petty, BG Black, JR Hendrix, CW Lewis, LD Basiakos, Y Feinberg, J Pattison, DG Hafner, R AF Petty, BG Black, JR Hendrix, CW Lewis, LD Basiakos, Y Feinberg, J Pattison, DG Hafner, R TI Escalating multiple-dose safety and tolerance study of oral WR 6026 in HIV-infected subjects: AIDS clinical trials group 173 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; WR 6026; safety; tolerance; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; CLINDAMYCIN-PRIMAQUINE; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; THERAPY; PROPHYLAXIS; MODERATE; 8-AMINOQUINOLINES AB WR 6026 is an 8-aminoquinoline with activity against Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in an animal model of P. carinii pneumonia that has predicted the clinical utility of related compounds. This study was conducted to assess the safety and tolerance of WR 6026 given once daily for 21 days to HIV-infected subjects with CD4 counts <500 cells/mu l. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study employed WR 6026 doses starting at 30 mg once daily and increasing to 60, 90, 120, or 150 mg once daily. Weekly visits for clinical and laboratory monitoring were conducted. Forty-nine study subjects, including 25 subjects with CD4 counts <200 cells/mu l and 12 subjects with CD4 counts <100 cells/mu l, entered the study. The maximum tolerated dose was 120 mg/day. Dose-limiting methemoglobinemia >20%) was seen in 3 of 6 study subjects who received 150 mg/day for greater than or equal to 19 days. Methemoglobin level was correlated with peak plasma WR 6026 concentrations. Three other study subjects developed skin rashes that may have been drug-related, and two developed asymptomatic serum triglyceride levels >1000 mg/dl. We conclude that WR 6026 is well tolerated at doses up to 120 mg/day for 21 days in HN-infected volunteers including those with CD4 counts <200 cells/mu l. Methemoglobinemia appears to be the primary dose-limiting toxicity. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Clin Pharmacol, Baltimore, MD USA. Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Mil Med Consortium Appl Retroviral Res, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NIAID, Div Aids, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Petty, BG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Hosp, Div Clin Pharmacol, 600 N Wolfe St,Osler 527, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RI Hendrix, Craig/G-4182-2014 OI Hendrix, Craig/0000-0002-5696-8665 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR00750, 5M01RR00722, RR-00035] NR 22 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAY 1 PY 1999 VL 21 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 191QA UT WOS:000080032000004 PM 10235511 ER PT J AU Josyula, E Gordnier, RE AF Josyula, E Gordnier, RE TI Computational simulation of the F-22 aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VAAC, 2645 5th St,Suite 7, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 36 IS 3 BP 614 EP 616 DI 10.2514/2.2483 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 209EZ UT WOS:000081036400021 ER PT J AU Moffitt, JE deShazo, RD Freeman, TM Golden, DBK Reisman, RE Stafford, CT Valentine, MD Yunginger, JW AF Moffitt, JE deShazo, RD Freeman, TM Golden, DBK Reisman, RE Stafford, CT Valentine, MD Yunginger, JW TI Stinging insect hypersensitivity: A practice parameter SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; HYMENOPTERA VENOM IMMUNOTHERAPY; WHOLE-BODY EXTRACTS; BETA-BLOCKER DRUGS; ALLERGY; SENSITIVITY; ANAPHYLAXIS; CHALLENGE; SAFETY; RISK C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Med Wing 59, MMIA, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Allergy Immunol Sect, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Mayo Med Sch, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 103 IS 5 BP 963 EP 980 PN 1 PG 18 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 199FP UT WOS:000080470200043 ER PT J AU Cody, JT Valtier, S AF Cody, JT Valtier, S TI Amphetamine and fenproporex levels following multidose administration of fenproporex SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Justice Sci, Grad Program Forens Sci, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Cody, JT (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron, 1255 Wilford Hall Loop, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 23 IS 3 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 198EP UT WOS:000080410000009 PM 10369328 ER PT J AU Gardner, JA Broadfoot, AL McNeil, WJ Lai, ST Murad, E AF Gardner, JA Broadfoot, AL McNeil, WJ Lai, ST Murad, E TI Analysis and modeling of the GLO-1 observations of meteoric metals in the thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; F-REGION; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; LOWER IONOSPHERE; IONS; MG+; CA+; NA; MAGNESIUM; CHEMISTRY AB The GLO-1 experiment measured the radiance of ambient atmospheric species and of meteoric metals, including Na, Mg, Mg+ and Ca+, along lines of sight with tangent altitudes between 120-350 km. The results confirm earlier observations of a strong dawn/dusk asymmetry in thermospheric ion density and the concentration of ion density near the geomagnetic equator. The data also show a substantial amount of neutral Na in the thermosphere, with a dawn/dusk asymmetry similar to the ions. We observe the presence of Ca+ and Mg+ in the relative abundance comparable to the abundance ratio in meteoric material and in the sun. We are also able to simultaneously observe Mg and Mg+ in a few cases, over a range of altitudes. We have developed a model in an attempt to better understand these features. The one-dimensional model realistically and comprehensively incorporates the deposition of cosmic dust, transport by the equatorial electric field and diffusion, and ion and neutral chemistry specific to the three metal species studied. The model is driven by a single source function for dust influx, so that it can be used to predict the relative amounts of one metal species to another. These features of the model allow for diurnal variations and variations in latitude, reproducing the observations reasonably well on average. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Murad, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 61 IS 7 BP 545 EP 562 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(99)00013-9 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 226EQ UT WOS:000082007700004 ER PT J AU Hazel, J Stone, M Grace, MS Tsukruk, VV AF Hazel, J Stone, M Grace, MS Tsukruk, VV TI Nanoscale design of snake skin for reptation locomotions via friction anisotropy SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE snake skin; skin lubrication and friction; nanotribology; scanning probe microscopy; surface morphology ID MICROSCOPY; SURFACES; FORCES AB Multi-mode scanning probe microscopy is employed to investigate the nanostructure of dermal samples from three types of snakes. Sophisticated friction modifying nanostructures are described. These include an ordered microfibrillar array that can function to achieve mission adaptable friction characteristics. Significant reduction of adhesive forces in the contact areas caused by the 'double-ridge' nanoscale microfibrillar geometry provides ideal conditions for sliding in forward direction with minimum adhesive forces and friction. Low surface adhesion in these local contact points may reduce local wear and skin contamination by environmental debris. The highly asymmetric, 'pawl-like' profile of the microfibrillar ends with radius of curvature 20-40 nm induces friction anisotropy in forward-backward motions and serves as an effective stopper for backward motion preserving low friction for forward motion. The system of continuous micropores penetrating through the snake skin may serve as a delivery system for lubrication/anti-adhesive lipid mixture that provides for boundary lubrication of snake skins. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, CMD Dept, Kalamazoo, MI 49908 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, CMD Dept, Kalamazoo, MI 49908 USA. NR 16 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 32 IS 5 BP 477 EP 484 DI 10.1016/S0021-9290(99)00013-5 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 190TY UT WOS:000079982200004 PM 10327001 ER PT J AU Cummings, RJ Loveless, EA Mazur, JM Campbell, J Samelson, S AF Cummings, RJ Loveless, EA Mazur, JM Campbell, J Samelson, S TI Untitled - Reply SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Letter C1 Nemours Childrens Clin, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. USN Hosp, Dept Orthopaed, Camp Le Jeune, NC 28547 USA. 42nd Med Grp, SGSO, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. RP Cummings, RJ (reprint author), Nemours Childrens Clin, 807 Nira St, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 81A IS 5 BP 744 EP 744 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 198FR UT WOS:000080412800025 ER PT J AU Morgan, ME AF Morgan, ME TI Calculating units with the HP 48G calculator SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Morgan, ME (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N341, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 76 IS 5 BP 631 EP 631 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 186ZM UT WOS:000079761500025 ER PT J AU Morris, RA Miller, TM Paulson, JF Viggiano, AA Feldmann, MT King, RA Schaefer, HF AF Morris, RA Miller, TM Paulson, JF Viggiano, AA Feldmann, MT King, RA Schaefer, HF TI Formation of CF3O- in the gas phase SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; HARTREE-FOCK; ANIONS; ENERGY; THERMOCHEMISTRY; APPROXIMATION; EXCHANGE; TEMPERATURE AB We report experimental studies of the formation of CF3O- by ion-molecule and electron attachment reactions, and theoretical investigations of the structure and energetics of CF3O- and its neutral counterpart CF3O. The anion CF3O- is formed from the rapid attachment of free electrons to its neutral dimer, (CF3O)(2). Potential sources of CF3O- through ion-molecule reactions of CF3- and F- were surveyed. CF3O- is formed in the bimolecular ion-molecule reaction of CF3- with SO2 and the third-order association reaction of F- with CF2O. In addition, rate constants for the reactions of CF3- with a variety of neutral compounds were measured. A number of cases were found in which formation of CF3O- was energetically allowed but was not observed. The potential energy surfaces of CF3O and CF3O- have been investigated using a variety of density functional theory (DFT) techniques. The ground-state minimum energy structure of CF3O was found to be a (2)A' Jahn-Teller distorted C-s-symmetry structure, while for the anion the ground state is (1)A(1) with a C-3v-symmetry minimum. A search for other low-energy minima for CF3O- was unsuccessful. The DFT methods support a value for the adiabatic electron affinity of CF3O near 4.1 eV. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)01117-4]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBP, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Computat Quantum Chem, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Morris, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBP, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 17 BP 8436 EP 8442 DI 10.1063/1.478753 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 189PD UT WOS:000079913000025 ER PT J AU Michalek, JE Akhtar, FZ Kiel, JL AF Michalek, JE Akhtar, FZ Kiel, JL TI Serum dioxin, insulin, fasting glucose, and sex hormone-binding globulin in veterans of operation ranch hand SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; NITRIC-OXIDE; ESTROGEN; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; TESTOSTERONE; EXPOSURE; MARKER; CELLS; MEN AB We studied insulin, fasting glucose, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in Air Force veterans exposed to Agent Orange and its contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin), during the Vietnam War. The index subjects were veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the unit responsible for aerial herbicide spraying in Vietnam from 1962-1971. Other Air Force veterans who served in Southeast Asia during the same period but were not involved with spraying herbicides served as comparisons. We assigned each Ranch Hand veteran based on his dioxin level to one of three exposure categories, named background, low, and high. Among nondiabetic veterans, we found the mean of the logarithm of insulin significantly increased in the high dioxin category. Additionally, in nondiabetic veterans the relation between SHBG and insulin interacted significantly with dioxin category on the log scale within strata defined by age and percent body fat. Among young (age, less than or equal to 53 yr), lean (percent body fat, less than or equal to 25%) nondiabetic veterans in the high category, the slope relating the logarithm of SHBG and the logarithm of insulin was significantly decreased. These findings suggest a compensatory metabolic relationship between dioxin and insulin regulation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDB, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Vista Technol Inc, San Antonio, TX 78218 USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEDB, 2606 Doolittle Rd,Bldg 807, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 17 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1540 EP 1543 DI 10.1210/jc.84.5.1540 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 193MZ UT WOS:000080141600010 PM 10323376 ER PT J AU Laurel, VL Meier, PA Astorga, A Dolan, D Brockett, R Rinaldi, MG AF Laurel, VL Meier, PA Astorga, A Dolan, D Brockett, R Rinaldi, MG TI Pseudoepidemic of Aspergillus niger infections traced to specimen contamination in the microbiology laboratory SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANT; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB We report a pseudo-outbreak of Aspergillus niger that followed building construction in our clinical microbiology laboratory, Because outbreaks of invasive aspergillosis have been linked to hospital construction, strategies to minimize dust in patient care areas are common practise. We illustrate that the impact of false-positive cultures on patient care should compel laboratories to prevent specimen contamination during construction. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Affairs Hosp, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Laurel, VL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMII, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1612 EP 1616 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 187NG UT WOS:000079792400076 PM 10203538 ER PT J AU Diab, SG Clark, GM Osborne, CK Libby, A Allred, DC Elledge, RM AF Diab, SG Clark, GM Osborne, CK Libby, A Allred, DC Elledge, RM TI Tumor characteristics and clinical outcome of tubular and mucinous breast carcinomas SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; CANCER; ESTROGEN; DIFFERENTIATION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; SURVIVAL AB Purpose: To comprehensively characterize the clinical and biologic features of tubular and mucinous carcinomas in a large cohort of patients and to relate this to clinical outcome and management. Patients and Methods: The clinical and biologic features of 444 patients with tubular and 1,221 patients with mucinous carcinomas were compared with those of 43,587 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with tubular and mucinous carcinomas were compared with those of patients with NOS carcinomas and with age-matched sets from the general population, Results: Tubular and mucinous carcinomas were more likely to occur in older patients, be smaller in size (tubular only), have substantially less nodal involvement, be estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor positive, have a lower S-phase fraction, be diploid, and be c-erbB-2- and epidermal growth factor receptor negative compared with NOS carcinomas. Axillary node involvement war a poor prognostic feature in mucinous but not tubular carcinomas. Mucinous carcinomas less than or equal to 1 cm had a less than or equal to 5% incidence of node involvement. The 5-year DFS and OS were 94% and 88% for tubular, 90% and 80% for mucinous, and 80% and 77% for NOS carcinoma, respectively (P <.001 for differences among all three types for both DFS and OS). The 5-year OS of females from the general population age-matched to the patients with tubular and mucinous carcinomas was 89% and 82%, respectively which is not different from the OS of patients with tubular or mucinous carcinomas. Conclusion: The biologic phenotype of tubular and mucinous carcinomas is quite favorable, Consistent with this observation, the survival of patients with tubular and mucinous carcinomas is similar to that of the general population. Systemic adjuvant therapy and node dissection may be avoided in many patients with these special types of carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 17:1442-1448. (C) 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Div Med Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Div Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Diab, SG (reprint author), Rocky Mt Canc Ctr, 1700 S Potomac St, Aurora, CO 80012 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 30195, CA58183-02, P30CA54174] NR 25 TC 119 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1442 EP 1448 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 195TH UT WOS:000080267900016 PM 10334529 ER PT J AU Edwards, RC Kiely, KD Eppley, BL AF Edwards, RC Kiely, KD Eppley, BL TI Resorbable PLLA-PGA screw fixation of mandibular sagittal split osteotomies SO JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article DE mandibular osteotomy; orthognathic surgery; screw fixation ID RAMUS OSTEOTOMY; FRACTURES; STABILITY AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intraoperative placement and clinical effectiveness of resorbable copolymeric screws for mandibular sag ift-al split ramus osteotomies. Thirty-seven patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomies of the mandible were fixated with three 2.5-mm copolymeric poly-L-lactic-polyglycolic (PLLA-PGA) screws on each side. No postoperative maxillomandibular fixation was applied. Twenty-five patients experienced mandibular advancement and 12 patients had setbacks. The average advancement was 6.5 mm (range, 3-17 mm) and the average setback was 5.2 mm (range, 3-8 mm). Intraoperative placement was uncomplicated and no screws were stripped during placement. No problems in immediate postoperative stability were encountered and relapse was not evident in any patient. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 17 months. The screw holes remained evident radiographically after 1 year. Two and one-half-millimeter copolymeric PLLA-PGA 'resorbable screws for mandibular ramus osteotomies appear to offer clinical results comparable with metallic screw fixation. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Plast Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. 1st Med Grp, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Eppley, BL (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Plast Surg, 702 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1049-2275 J9 J CRANIOFAC SURG JI J. Craniofac. Surg. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 10 IS 3 BP 230 EP 236 DI 10.1097/00001665-199905000-00011 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 194AW UT WOS:000080170800011 PM 10530233 ER PT J AU Taferner, WT Mahalingam, K Dorsey, DL Eyink, KG AF Taferner, WT Mahalingam, K Dorsey, DL Eyink, KG TI In situ monitoring of GaAs growth at high temperature by spectroscopic ellipsometry and desorption mass spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-X) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANNES, FRANCE DE MBE; spectroscopic ellipsometry; desorption mass spectroscopy; GaAs; AlGaAs; high temperature; Monte Carlo ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GALLIUM; MBE AB Spectroscopic ellipsometry and desorption mass spectroscopy were used in situ to monitor Ga desorption rates and growth modes during molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs on AlAs under non-unity sticking conditions (620-710 degrees C). The dependence of the reduction in sticking coefficient of Ga as a function of the substrate temperature and As:Ga flux ratio was modeled by Monte Carlo simulation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Taferner, WT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPO, 3005 P St Ste 6 Bldg 651 Rm 243, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 1999 VL 201 BP 128 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(98)01306-2 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 198DB UT WOS:000080406000028 ER PT J AU Kaspi, R AF Kaspi, R TI Compositional abruptness at the InAs-on-GaSb interface: optimizing growth by using the Sb desorption signature SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-X) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANNES, FRANCE DE InAs; GaSb; interface abruptness; desorption mass spectrometry (DMS); Sb surface segregation; anion intermixing ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY AB We use the technique of in situ desorption mass spectrometry (DMS) to probe the surface chemistry, and directly observe two phenomena that are responsible for anion intermixing at the InAs-on-GaSb interface: (1) the presence of excess but stable Sb on the GaSb surface that partially incorporates into the InAs layer. and (2) the removal of Sb from within the GaSb layer when the surface is over-exposed to an incident As-flux. We propose and demonstrate that anion intermixing in InAs/GaSb superlattices is minimized when the As-soak rime is precisely adjusted to remove the excess surface Sb population while leaving the underlying GaSb layer intact. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELS, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELS, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 4 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 1999 VL 201 BP 864 EP 867 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(98)01476-6 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 198DB UT WOS:000080406000187 ER PT J AU Tomich, DH Mitchel, WC Chow, P Tu, CW AF Tomich, DH Mitchel, WC Chow, P Tu, CW TI Study of interfaces in GaInSb InAs quantum wells by high-resolution X-ray diffraction and reciprocal space mapping SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE-X) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANNES, FRANCE DE molecular beam epitaxy; compound semiconductors; heterostructures; quantum wells; high-resolution X-ray diffraction; GaInSb InAs ID HETEROSTRUCTURES AB The electrical and optical properties of advanced epitaxial structures, such as quantum wells and superlattices are strongly influenced by the quality of their interfaces. The GaInSb/InAs system is particularly important because of its promise for use in infrared detection in the 8-14 mu m ranges, In this material system the two compounds do not share a common anion, and different bond types exist at the interface depending upon the growth parameters. We have looked at single quantum-well structures grows with solid source molecular beam epitaxy such that a distinct interface type would be found in each sample. X-ray rocking curves and full dynamical simulations were performed for each quantum well structure. Quantum wells with three types of interfaces were grown and analyzed; random interfaces, Sb-like interfaces. and As-like interfaces formed with a one monolayer group III deposition follow cd by a five second group V soak. With the exception of the interfaces, all three sows have nominally the same structure; 5000 Angstrom of GaSb buffer layer grown upon a GaSb substrate, a 150 Angstrom quantum well with 35 Angstrom Ga0.75In0.25Sb barriers and a final GaSb cap layer of 50 Angstrom thickness. Well-resolved Pendellosung fringes were found in all samples indicating high quality in the epitaxial layers and interfaces. The SQW with the As-like interfaces had the highest degree of quality as evidenced by persistence of the fringes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MLPO, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SVT Associates, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Tomich, DH (reprint author), MLPO, AFRL, Bldg 651,3005 P St Suite 6, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 1999 VL 201 BP 868 EP 871 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(98)01477-8 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 198DB UT WOS:000080406000188 ER PT J AU Carrino, JA Unkel, PJ Shelton, P Johnson, TG AF Carrino, JA Unkel, PJ Shelton, P Johnson, TG TI Process reengineering: The role of a planning methodology and picture archiving and communications system team building SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology on PACS - Performance Improvement in Radiology (SCAR 99), at the Annual Meeting of SCAR CY MAY 06-09, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Soc Comp Applicat Radiol AB The acquisition of a picture archiving and communications system (PACS) is an opportunity to reengineer business practices and should optimally consider the entire process from image acquisition to communication of results. The purpose of this presentation is to describe the PACS planning methodology used by the Department of Defense (DOD) Joint Imaging Technology Project Office (JITPO), outline the critical procedures for each phase, and review the military experience using this model. The methodology is segmented into four phases: strategic planning, clinical scenario planning, installation planning, and implementation planning. Each is further subdivided based on the specific tasks that need to be accomplished within that phase. By using this method, an institution will have clearly defined program goals, objectives, and PACS requirements before vendors are contacted. The development of an institution-specific PACS requirement should direct the process of proposal comparisons to be based on functionality and exclude unnecessary equipment. This PACS planning methodology is being used at more than eight DOD medical treatment facilities. When properly executed, this methodology facilitates a seamless transition to the electronic environment and contributes to the successful integration of the healthcare enterprise. A crucial component of this methodology is the development of a local PACS planning team to manage all aspects of the process. A plan formulated by the local team is based on input from each department that will be integrating with the PACS. Involving all users in the planning process is paramount for successful implementation. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Joint Imaging Technol Project Off, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Int Radiol Grp, Dallas, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Carrino, JA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD MAY PY 1999 VL 12 IS 2 SU 1 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 197GB UT WOS:000080356100008 PM 10342159 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Crooker, NU Gosling, JT AF Kahler, SW Crooker, NU Gosling, JT TI A magnetic polarity and chirality analysis of ISEE 3 interplanetary magnetic clouds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SECTOR BOUNDARIES; SOLAR-WIND; FIELDS; ELECTRONS; AU AB We have used solar wind electron heat fluxes to determine the magnetic polarities of the 14 magnetic clouds observed with the ISEE 3 spacecraft in 1978-1982. The clouds have been modeled as single magnetic flux ropes, and it is generally assumed that they are magnetically closed structures with each end of the flux rope connected to the Sun. In that case, the magnetic polarity of each cloud should be unchanged during the passage of ISEE 3; through the cloud. We use the dominant heat flux in bidirectional electron heat fluxes to determine the cloud polarities and find that the polarity changes in at least 2 and possibly 6 of the 14 clouds, meaning that those clouds cannot fit the popular model of a single flux rope. We have also examined the large-scale fields with bidirectional electron fluxes that follow some magnetic clouds. We recently conjectured that these following fields were the trailing legs of flux rope loops. For that picture to be valid, the clouds and their trailing fields must have opposite polarities and matching magnetic chiralities. We use a simple scheme to test for magnetic chiralities of those clouds and their trailing fields and find that only 1 of 8 may have the flux rope loop geometry. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM kahler@plh.af.mil NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A5 BP 9911 EP 9918 DI 10.1029/1999JA900040 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 192BQ UT WOS:000080058600021 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Crooker, NU Gosling, JT AF Kahler, SW Crooker, NU Gosling, JT TI The polarities and locations of interplanetary coronal mass ejections in large interplanetary magnetic sectors SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EVENTS; BOUNDARIES; TOPOLOGY; CLOUDS; FIELD; ELECTRONS; SHEETS AB We have surveyed the ISEE 3 electron heat flux data to determine the polarities of the interplanetary magnetic field for the period 1978-1982. Many intervals of bidirectional electron (BDE) heat fluxes, signatures of the closed fields of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), were distributed among the magnetic sectors, often carrying sector boundaries. Here we examine the distribution of BDE intervals within the longest lived sectors of the ISEE 3 period to determine where ICMEs occur relative to the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). The intrasector BDE intervals, with polarities matching those of the sectors, appear to be uniformly distributed within the sectors, indicating that those ICMEs are not closely confined to the HCS. We estimate the ratio of intrasector matching polarity BDE intervals to opposite polarity BDE intervals to be about 10. The small number and short duration of opposite polarity BDE intervals suggest that injections of opposite polarity coronal mass ejections into sectors are rare. We found a number of mixed polarity BDE intervals, containing both matching and opposite polarities. These mixed polarity BDE intervals occur a factor of 5 less often than the single polarity BDE intervals alone do but are statistically more than twice as long in duration. We discuss possible origins of mixed polarity BDE intervals. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A5 BP 9919 EP 9924 DI 10.1029/1999JA900084 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 192BQ UT WOS:000080058600022 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Weimer, DR Maynard, NC AF Burke, WJ Weimer, DR Maynard, NC TI Geoeffective interplanetary scale sizes derived from regression analysis of polar cap potentials SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WIND PLASMA CORRELATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; MODELS; MAGNETOSHEATH; MAGNETOSPHERE AB This paper presents a physical interpretation of linear regression comparisons between measured and predicted values of the polar cap potential and the interplanetary electric field (IEF). We define a "geoeffective" scale size in the solar wind L-G as spanning all interplanetary equipotentials that touch the magnetopause. Simple dimensional analysis considerations suggest that L-G is proportional to the slope of the linear regression curve. The regression intercept represents potential from sources other than the IEF. Four independent data sets indicate that L-G is only a few R-E wide in the Y-GSM direction. This has implications for the reliability of space weather forecasting. Most IEF observations from subsolar libration orbits are taken many R-E from the Sun-Earth line. Good correlations with near-Earth variations require that the IEF has a Y-GSM scale size that is significantly larger than L-G. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 29 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A5 BP 9989 EP 9994 DI 10.1029/1999JA900031 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 192BQ UT WOS:000080058600028 ER PT J AU Pittman, DW Ramey, GE Webster, G Carden, A AF Pittman, DW Ramey, GE Webster, G Carden, A TI Laboratory evaluation of concrete mixture designs employing type I and type K cement SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This article focuses on a laboratory materials-testing program that was aimed at: (1) identifying candidate shrinkage-compensating concrete (SCC) mixture designs for possible later field evaluations; and (2) performing mechanical property evaluations of the candidate mixtures under various simulated weather and curing conditions. The SCC mixtures were produced by using a Type K portland cement. Results of the laboratory concrete mixture design, property evaluation, and sensitivity testing verified that SCC mixtures should be viable mixtures for bridge decks to reduce shrinkage cracking. The testing revealed that: (1) time-of-set of SCC was faster than for ordinary portland cement concrete by about 100 min, as was the rate of slump loss; (2) the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of the SCC mixtures were higher than those of conventional concrete mixtures using Type I portland cement; (3) the compressive strengths of concrete mixtures with both the Type K and Type I cements were enhanced by the addition of silica fume; (4) the SCC concrete restrained length bar specimens exhibited significant early (first 7 days) expansion; (5) type K cement restrained mortar bars exhibited similar to 4 times more expansion than mortar bars made with Type I cement; and (6) type K cement mixtures are quite sensitive to proper moist curing if they are to achieve proper shrinkage compensation. C1 USA Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Danis Environm Ind Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Lane Bishop York Delahay Inc, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. RP Pittman, DW (reprint author), USA Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1999)11:2(144) PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 190GH UT WOS:000079954100009 ER PT J AU Boyan, BD Lincks, J Lohmann, CH Sylvia, VL Cochran, DL Blanchard, CR Dean, DD Schwartz, Z AF Boyan, BD Lincks, J Lohmann, CH Sylvia, VL Cochran, DL Blanchard, CR Dean, DD Schwartz, Z TI Effect of surface roughness and composition on costochondral chondrocytes is dependent on cell maturation state SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; RESTING ZONE; MATRIX VESICLES; PLATE CHONDROCYTES; TITANIUM SURFACES AB During endochondral bone formation, as occurs in fracture healing, chondrocytes are one of the first cells to see an implant surface. We tested the hypothesis that chemical composition and surface roughness affect chondrocyte differentiation, matrix synthesis, and local factor production and that the nature of the response is dependent on the state of maturation of the cells. To do this, we harvested rat growth zone and resting zone chondrocytes and examined their response to smooth and rough disk surfaces manufactured from either commercially pure titanium or titanium alloy. Profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, Auger spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the surfaces. Average roughness values were 0.22 mu m for smooth titanium surfaces, 0.23 mu m for smooth titanium alloy surfaces, 4.24 mu m for rough titanium surfaces, and 3.20 mu m for rough titanium alloy surfaces. Cells were, grown on the different disk surfaces until the cultures had reached confluence on plastic. The effect of the surfaces was determined by assaying cell number and [H-3]thymidine incorporation as measures of cell proliferation, cell layer and cell alkaline phosphatase specific activity as markers of differentiation, and collagen production and [S-35]sulfate incorporation as indicators of extracellular matrix production. In addition, the synthesis of prostaglandin E-2 and transforming growth factor-beta were examined to measure changes in local factor synthesis. In growth zone and resting zone cultures, cell number and [H-3]thymidine incorporation were decreased on rough surfaces; however, this effect was greater on commercially pure titanium surfaces. Cell layer and cell alkaline phosphatase specific activity were decreased in resting zone cells grown on rough surfaces. Cell alkaline phosphatase specific activity in growth zone cells was decreased on rough surfaces, whereas cell layer alkaline phosphatase specific activity was increased only in growth zone cells grown an rough commercially pure titanium surfaces. Resting zone cell collagen production was decreased only on rough commercially pure titanium, whereas in,growth zone cells, collagen production was increased. Increased prostaglandin E-2 release into the media was found for growth zone and resting zone cell cultures on the disks with rough surfaces. The observed effect was greater on rough commercially pure titanium. Production of transforming growth factor-beta by resting zones was similarly affected, whereas an increase in its-production by growth zone cells was measured only on rough commercially pure titanium. These results indicate that surface roughness affects chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, matrix synthesis, and local factor production and that these parameters are also affected by chemical composition. Furthermore, the nature and extent of the cell response is dependent on cell maturation. The overriding variable in response to an implant material, however, appears to be roughness of the surface. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Fac Dent Med, Dept Periodont, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Boyan, BD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. OI Dean, David/0000-0002-4512-9065 NR 60 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0736-0266 J9 J ORTHOPAED RES JI J. Orthop. Res. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 17 IS 3 BP 446 EP 457 DI 10.1002/jor.1100170322 PG 12 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 205GP UT WOS:000080813200021 PM 10376736 ER PT J AU Wilson, MP Bowersox, RDW Glawe, DD AF Wilson, MP Bowersox, RDW Glawe, DD TI Experimental investigation of the role of downstream ramps on a supersonic injection plume SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID FLOWS AB An experimental study was conducted to investigate penetration and plume expansion enhancement of a discrete low-angled (25 deg) supersonic (M = 1.9) injection into a supersonic (M = 2.9) crossflow, The enhancement was achieved by injecting the low-angled jet parallel to a compression ramp. Seven compression ramp configurations were studied. The jet-ramp interaction enhancement mechanisms included baroclinic torque vorticity, ramp spillage vorticity, bulk compression, and the Magnus force, Shadowgraph photography was used to identify shock structures. Measurements of mean flow properties quantified the flowfield total pressure losses. Mie scattering images were used to qualitatively assess the flowfield and to quantify the plume size, trajectory, and concentration decay rate. The results indicated that up to a 22% increase in penetration, a 39% plume expansion (similar to mixing), and a 27% increase in the concentration decay rate, with a corresponding 17% increase in total pressure loss, can be achieved by injection over a compression ramp as compared with low-angled injection alone. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilson, MP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 432 EP 439 DI 10.2514/2.5462 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 208VU UT WOS:000081013200009 ER PT J AU Ross, M AF Ross, M TI Effect of lower-extremity position and stretching on hamstring muscle flexibility SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hamstring muscle; flexibility; stretching ID SOCCER INJURIES; PREVENTION; RELIABILITY; STRENGTH; ECONOMY; LEG AB Hamstring stretching is often performed as a preventive measure for hamstring muscle injury. Stretching the ham string muscle in a position similar to that seen during the stance phase of running has been recommended. However, to my knowledge, no research is available that compares the effectiveness of hamstring stretching in positions similar to those seen during the stance and forward swing phases of running. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare hamstring stretching techniques that, in my opinion, place the hamstring muscle in a position similar to that seen during the stance and forward swing phases of running. Twelve healthy subjects with limited hamstring flexibility stretched one leg with a stance phase stretch (SPS) and the other leg with a forward swing phase stretch (FSPS)5 days per week for 2 weeks. A 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (group and time) was used to analyze the data. The 2-way ANOVA revealed a significant increase in hamstring flexibility between pretest and posttest measures (p = 0.0001) and a significant group-by-time interaction (p 0.016). Further evaluation of the data indicated that the SPS was significantly more effective at increasing hamstring flexibility than the FSPS (p = 0.016). Although both the SPS and FSPS resulted in significant gains in hamstring flexibility, it was concluded that the SPS was more effective at increasing hamstring flexibility in subjects with limited hamstring flexibility. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 13 IS 2 BP 124 EP 129 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 206MW UT WOS:000080884200005 ER PT J AU Jayaraman, V Guide, VDR Srivastava, R AF Jayaraman, V Guide, VDR Srivastava, R TI A closed-loop logistics model for remanufacturing SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE distribution; environment; reverse logistics; mixed-integer programming; remanufacturing ID MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENT; STRATEGIES AB Recoverable product environments are becoming an increasingly important segment of the overall push in industry towards environmentally conscious manufacturing. Integral to the recoverable product environment is the recoverable manufacturing system that focuses on recovering the product and extending its life through remanufacture or repair. Remanufacturing provides the customer with an opportunity to acquire a product that meets the original product standards at a lower price than a new product. The flow of materials and products in this environment occurs both from the customer to the remanufacturer (reverse flow), and from the remanufacturer to the customer (forward flow). Since most of the products and materials may be conserved, essentially this forms a closed-loop logistics system. We present a 0-1 mixed integer programming model that simultaneously solves for the location of remanufacturing/distribution facilities, the transshipment, production, and stocking of the optimal quantities of remanufactured products and cores. We also discuss the managerial uses of the model for logistics decision-making. C1 Suffolk Univ, F Sawyer Sch Management, Dept Management, Boston, MA 02108 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Guide, VDR (reprint author), Suffolk Univ, F Sawyer Sch Management, Dept Management, Beacon Hill,8 Ashburton Pl, Boston, MA 02108 USA. NR 33 TC 238 Z9 297 U1 2 U2 60 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0160-5682 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 50 IS 5 BP 497 EP 508 DI 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600716 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 196JV UT WOS:000080306000005 ER PT J AU Lee, DJ Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM AF Lee, DJ Roggemann, MC Welsh, BM TI Cramer-Rao analysis of phase-diverse wave-front sensing SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS AB Phase-diverse wave-front sensing (PDWFS) is a methodology for estimating aberration coefficients from multiple incoherent images whose pupil phases differ from one another in a known manner. With the use of previous work by other authors, the Cramer-Rao lower-bound (CRLB) expression for the phase diversity aberration estimation problem is developed and is generalized slightly to allow for multiple phase-diverse images, various beam-splitting configurations, and imaging of known extended objects. The CRLB for a given problem depends implicitly on the true underlying value of the aberration being estimated. Therefore we use numerical evaluation and Monte Carlo analysis of the PDWFS CRLB expressions. The numerical evaluation is performed on an ensemble of aberration phase screens while simulating a number of different imaging configurations. We demonstrate the use of average CRLB values as figures of merit in comparing these various PDWFS configurations. For simulated point-source imaging we quantify the effects of varying the amounts and the types of diversity phase and briefly address the issue of the number of diversity images. Our results show that there is a diversity defocus configuration that is optimal in a Cramer-Rao sense for estimating certain aberrations. We also show that PDWFS Cramer-Rao squared-error values can be orders of magnitude higher for imaging of an extended target object than those from a point-source target. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)03305-0]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Mission Res Corp, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. RP Lee, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1005 EP 1015 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.001005 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 190GJ UT WOS:000079954200005 ER PT J AU Moore, GT Koch, K AF Moore, GT Koch, K TI Efficient frequency conversion at low power with periodic refocusing SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; GAIN AB By using multiple crystals of periodically poled lithium niobate arranged in a fan-fold configuration with mirrors between the crystals to periodically refocus the light and retroreflect it after the final crystal, one can achieve very long interaction lengths and efficient frequency conversion at low input power. We present the theory and numerical simulations of devices using this concept, including devices for singly resonant optical parametric oscillation and second-harmonic generation. We find quantitative agreement between plane-wave analysis of these devices and numerical simulations in three spatial dimensions. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(99)00705-5]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DELO, Solid State Laser & Nonlinear Opt Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Moore, GT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DELO, Solid State Laser & Nonlinear Opt Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 16 IS 5 BP 781 EP 791 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.000781 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 195AL UT WOS:000080226900013 ER PT J AU Ham, BS Shahriar, SM Hemmer, PR AF Ham, BS Shahriar, SM Hemmer, PR TI Electromagnetically induced transparency over spectral hole-burning temperature in a rare-earth-doped solid SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DATA-STORAGE; CRYSTAL; HOLOGRAPHY AB We have observed electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rare-earth Pr3+-doped Y2SiO5 over the spectral hole-burning temperature. The transmission of the probe laser beam is increased by a factor of exp(1.4) at 12 K when a coupling laser of 1.2 kW/cm(2) is applied to the system. The observation of EIT over the spectral hole-burning temperature in a rare-earth-doped solid represents important progress toward high-density echo-based optical memories at higher temperatures. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(99)01605-7]. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ham, BS (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 16 IS 5 BP 801 EP 804 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.000801 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 195AL UT WOS:000080226900015 ER PT J AU Nainaparampil, JJ Zabinski, JS AF Nainaparampil, JJ Zabinski, JS TI Crystalline SiC thin films deposited at room temperature using pulsed laser ablation of graphite and magnetron sputtering of silicon SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; SCRATCH ADHESION; CARBIDE FILM; DIAMOND; MICROSTRUCTURE; INTERFACE; HARDNESS; COATINGS; PECVD AB Crystalline SiC films are typically deposited on substrates at elevated temperatures by sputtering, pulsed laser ablation, thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and CVD plasma assisted. However, high temperature may adversely affect the substrate, especially when metal alloys are used. To maintain substrate properties (temper, dimensional tolerance, etc.), a low deposition temperature is required. In this work, silicon carbide is formed from simultaneous sputtering of silicon and laser ablation of graphite onto suitably biased substrates at room temperature. The advantage of this method lies in the independent selection of plasma characteristics of both magnetron sputtering and laser ablation to achieve the required stoichiometry and species energetics. Desirable film properties such as good adhesion and crystallinity normally requiring elevated substrate temperatures are obtained via the energetic bombardment of the growing film. In this study, films are grown on M50 steel substrates at biasing varied from 0 to -300 V permitting control over crystallinity, chemistry, and stoichiometry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows the existence of silicon carbide bonds and x-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the growth of crystalline (prominently alpha polytypes (4H-SiC, 6H-SiC) films at room temperature. In addition, XPS is used to find percentage of SiC bonds in the films. The optimum bias -100 V was found to favor crystalline growth in these films. Special emphasis is given to control of film stoichiometry as it relates to mechanical properties. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)02003-5]. C1 USAF, RL, Mat Directorate, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nainaparampil, JJ (reprint author), USAF, RL, Mat Directorate, MLBT, Bldg 654,2941 P St Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 3 BP 909 EP 916 DI 10.1116/1.581663 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 197BD UT WOS:000080344000035 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA O'Neill, JP Prasad, SV Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, AA O'Neill, JP Prasad, SV Zabinski, JS TI Nanocrystalline WC and WC/a-C composite coatings produced from intersected plasma fluxes at low deposition temperatures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; TUNGSTEN CARBIDE FILMS; THIN-FILMS; STAINLESS-STEEL AB Low temperature vacuum deposition of tungsten carbide coatings, W1-yCy with compositions that varied from y=0 to 0.9, was investigated. Special attention was given to the production of nanocrystalline carbides with coatings of y>0.5. Previous attempts at producing WC with excess carbon at near room temperatures resulted in the formation of amorphous phases. In this study, crystalline WC was produced at 45 and 300 degrees C by the intersection of plasma fluxes from magnetron sputtering of tungsten and laser ablation of graphite. At both temperatures, formation of WC chemical bonding and nanocrystalline cubic beta-WC1-x was observed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and grazing angle x-ray diffraction when the carbon content was increased more than 30%. Increasing the substrate temperature to 300 degrees C did not affect the percentage of WC bonding, but it did promote considerable crystallization of cubic WC. As the carbon content was increased to more than 50% a second phase consisting of amorphous carbon (a-C) was observed together with amorphitization of beta-WC1-x. The a-C phase was identified as amorphous diamond-like carbon (DLC) by Raman spectroscopy. At 60-80 at. % C, a two phase structure was produced, which was composed of nanocrystalline beta-WC1-x with 5-10 nm grains and amorphous DLC. The hardness of the WC/DLC composites was about 26 GPa based on nanoindentation tests. Correlation of the chemistry, microstructure, and mechanical properties of WC and WC/a-C coatings is discussed. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)00203-1]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 41 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 3 BP 986 EP 992 DI 10.1116/1.581674 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 197BD UT WOS:000080344000046 ER PT J AU Taferner, WT Mahalingam, K Dorsey, DL Eyink, KG AF Taferner, WT Mahalingam, K Dorsey, DL Eyink, KG TI In situ monitoring of AlGaAs compositions and GaAs growth at high temperature by spectroscopic ellipsometry and desorption mass spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE-17) CY OCT 04-07, 1998 CL STATE COLL, PENNSYLVANIA ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; DEPENDENT OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; GALLIUM; MBE AB In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry has been used in conjunction with desorption mass spectrometry to determine both the composition of Al and growth rate of AlxGa1-xAs and GaAs at high temperatures (600-720 degrees C). Ex situ cross sectional transmission electron microscopy verified the AlGaAs/GaAs layer thicknesses grown by molecular beam epitaxy at these elevated temperatures. The substrate temperature dependence on Ga desorption rates, given the As, Ga, and Al fluxes and V/III flux ratios, was examined by Monte Carlo simulation. These simulations showed goad agreement with the experimental results. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)00603-4]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Taferner, WT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 3 BP 1218 EP 1222 DI 10.1116/1.590748 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 206AD UT WOS:000080853100065 ER PT J AU Natarajan, K Venkat, R Dorsey, DL AF Natarajan, K Venkat, R Dorsey, DL TI Low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs: A theoretical investigation of antisite incorporation and reflection high-energy diffraction oscillations SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE-17) CY OCT 04-07, 1998 CL STATE COLL, PENNSYLVANIA ID INTERACTION KINETICS; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; SURFACES; RATIO; FLUX; AS4 AB Surface dynamics dominate the incorporation of charged, As-Ga(+), and neutral, As-Ga(0), antisite arsenic, and the temporal variation of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensity in the low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy of (100) gallium arsenide (GaAs). A rate equation model is proposed which includes the presence and dynamics of a physisorbed arsenic (PA) layer riding the growth surface. The PA layer dictates the incorporation and concentration of As-Ga(+) and As-Ga(0). Additionally, it influences the RHEED oscillations (ROs) behavior and the RO's dependence on its coverage through its contribution to the reflected intensity. The model results for the dependence of As-Ga(+) and As-Ga(0), concentrations on beam equivalent pressure (BEP) and growth temperature are in good agreement with experimental data. The experimental observations can be explained based on the saturation of the PA coverage at one monolayer and the competing rate processes such as the As-Ga incorporation into and evaporation from the crystalline surface. Using the same kinetic model for the temporal behavior of the surface, the contribution of the PA layer to the RHEED intensity is computed based on kinematical theory of electron diffraction. The experimental observation of the ROs during growth at high and low temperatures with no ROs in the intermediate temperature range of 300-450 degrees C is in good agreement with our model results, At low temperatures, the surface is covered by the PA layer whose step density depends on that of the subsurface crystalline GaAs. Thus, a temporal variation of the step density of subsurface crystalline GaAs results in ROs, but with a different step height, that of the PA layer, of 2.48 Angstrom. At high temperatures, the crystalline GaAs is exposed to the RHEED beam due to the evaporation of the PA layer and the ROs appear due to periodic step-density oscillations with a step height of 1.41 Angstrom, which is the Ga-As crystalline interplanar distance. At intermediate temperatures, the surface is partially covered by the PA layer resulting in RHEED reflection contributions from both surfaces covered by the PA layer and crystal. Due to the very different interplanar distances between the crystalline GaAs and the PA layers, complete destructive interference of the RHEED intensity results at a 0.5 surface coverage of the PA layer. The RO dependence on the As BEP is also presented and discussed. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)04103-7]. C1 Univ Las Vegas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Natarajan, K (reprint author), Univ Las Vegas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 3 BP 1227 EP 1232 DI 10.1116/1.590727 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 206AD UT WOS:000080853100067 ER PT J AU Gupta, VK Wamsley, CC Koch, MW Wicks, GW AF Gupta, VK Wamsley, CC Koch, MW Wicks, GW TI Molecular beam epitaxy growth of boron-containing nitrides SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE-17) CY OCT 04-07, 1998 CL STATE COLL, PENNSYLVANIA ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY AB Layers of BN, BGaN and BAlN were grown by molecular beam epitaxy using ammonia on (0001) sapphire substrates. The crystal structure and material quality of these layers were assessed by reflection high energy electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared reflectance, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. These measurements reveal that while BN layers grow as polycrystalline films, BGaN and BAlN layers grow as single crystals with boron composition up to 2% and 6%, respectively. A monotonic increase in the band gap energy and a decrease in c-lattice constant were observed with increasing boron concentrations in BGaN samples. Yellow-band emission and increased surface roughening were also observed in samples with higher boron compositions. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)02703-1]. C1 Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gupta, VK (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 3 BP 1246 EP 1248 DI 10.1116/1.590731 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 206AD UT WOS:000080853100071 ER PT J AU DeLo, DP Semiatin, SL AF DeLo, DP Semiatin, SL TI Finite-element modeling of nonisothermal equal-channel angular extrusion SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Deformation during conventional (nonisothermal) hot working of metals via equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE)was investigated using two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element modeling (FEM) analysis. The effects of material flow properties, die-workpiece heat-transfer and friction conditions, and die design on metal flow were examined. Friction and die design were shown to be the most important parameters governing the formation of dead-metal zones during extrusion. On the other hand, thermal gradients induced by die chill and deformation heating were found to exacerbate the extent of flow localization that arises due to material-flow softening alone. The FEM predictions were validated by ECAE experiments on a Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a colony alpha microstructure. Preforms exhibited minor edge cracking and mild flow localization during extrusion at 985 degrees C, but severe shear localization and fracture during extrusion at 900 degrees C. The 2-D FEM simulations predicted deformation detail, including shear localization, that was in good agreement with the experimental results, but 3-D FEM simulations were required to realistically predict die chill. A combined approach, in which thermal data were extracted from 3-D simulations and inserted into 2-D simulations, produced load-stroke and fracture predictions in general agreement with measured values. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM,Mat Proc Proc Sci Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DeLo, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM,Mat Proc Proc Sci Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 13 TC 118 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 15 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1391 EP 1402 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0287-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 192UQ UT WOS:000080098300022 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Goetz, RL Shell, EB Seetharaman, V Ghosh, AK AF Semiatin, SL Goetz, RL Shell, EB Seetharaman, V Ghosh, AK TI Cavitation and failure during hot forging of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS AB The occurrence of cavity initiation and gross, free-surface fracture during subtransus hot pancake forging of Ti-6Al-4V with a transformed beta (colony) microstructure was established. Cavity initiation mechanisms were one of two distinct types. At temperatures approximately 75 degrees C or more below the beta transus temperature (T-beta), cavity initiation occurred at relatively low strains in the beta phase lying between the grain-boundary alpha phase and the lamellar colonies. By contrast, at temperatures near the transus (i.e., T approximate to T-beta -25 degrees C), cavity initiation occurred at much larger strains as a result of microfracture of partially-to-fully globularized alpha phase. Finite element method (FEM) modeling of the pancake forging process revealed that secondary tensile stresses had been developed in the regions that had exhibited cavitation/fracture. The FEM analyses were used to correlate both the cavity initiation and the gross free-surface fracture results to previous observations from uniaxial hot tension tests in which identical damage mechanisms had been observed. The tensile work criterion of Cockcroft and Latham (C + L) gave moderately good (quantitative) correlation between the forging and uniaxial tension behaviors. An alternate comparison based on the Rice and Tracey cavity growth model gave reasonable predictions of free-surface fracture but tended to overestimate the incidence of subsurface cavity initiation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Chem Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 27 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 12 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1411 EP 1424 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0289-0 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 192UQ UT WOS:000080098300024 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Segal, VM Goforth, RE Frey, ND DeLo, DP AF Semiatin, SL Segal, VM Goforth, RE Frey, ND DeLo, DP TI Workability of commercial-purity titanium and 4340 steel during equal channel angular extrusion at cold-working temperatures SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHEAR AB The deformation and failure of commercial-purity (CP) titanium (grade 2) and AISI 4340 steel (tempered to R(c)35) during equal channel angular extrusion were determined at temperatures between 25 degrees C and 325 degrees C and effective strain rates between 0.002 and 2.0 s(-1). The CP titanium alloy underwent segmented failure under all conditions except at low strain rates and high temperatures. By contrast, the 4340 steel deformed uniformly except at the highest temperature and strain rate, at which it also exhibited segmented failure. Using flow curves and fracture data from uniaxial compression and tension tests, workability analysis was conducted to establish that the failures were a result of flow localization prior to the onset of fracture. This conclusion was confirmed by metallographic examination of the failed extrusion specimens. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Johnson Matthey Elect, Spokane, WA USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ET Concepts Inc, London, OH 43140 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 27 TC 109 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1425 EP 1435 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0290-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 192UQ UT WOS:000080098300025 ER PT J AU Zacate, MO Grimes, RW Lee, PD LeClair, SR Jackson, AG AF Zacate, MO Grimes, RW Lee, PD LeClair, SR Jackson, AG TI Cellular automata model for the evolution of inert gas monolayers on a calcium (111) surface SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; INFREQUENT EVENTS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GRAIN-GROWTH; SIMULATION; PHASE; SOLIDIFICATION AB The development of a simple atomistic simulation of microstructural evolution is illustrated for a two-dimensional system comprising of a monolayer of inert gas atoms on a calcium (111) surface. The simulation results in the formation and growth of domains, the domain size increasing as a function of simulation temperature and Bur of atoms incident on the surface. Of particular interest is the observed nonlinear critical behaviour in the surface coverage. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. USAF, Res Lab, MLMR, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zacate, MO (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BP, England. RI Lee, Peter/R-2323-2016 OI Lee, Peter/0000-0002-3898-8881 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 7 IS 3 BP 355 EP 367 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/7/3/305 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 210XX UT WOS:000081131300005 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, FH Sashegyi, KD Lipton, AE Madala, RV Raman, S AF Ruggiero, FH Sashegyi, KD Lipton, AE Madala, RV Raman, S TI Coupled assimilation of geostationary satellite sounder data into a mesoscale model using the Bratseth analysis approach SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SCHEME; 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ANALYSIS SYSTEM; RETRIEVAL; GALE; RADIANCES; WEATHER AB A satellite-model coupled procedure for assimilating geostationary satellite sounder data was adapted to a mesoscale analysis and forecast system jointly developed by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Air Force Research Laboratory. The coupled procedure involves the use of the model output fields as the first guess for the thermodynamic retrievals. Atmospheric thermodynamic profiles and ground temperatures were retrieved from observed radiances of the VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. The successive corrections objective analysis scheme in the mesoscale analysis and forecast system was modified to consider the horizontal spatial correlation of the satellite data. The procedure was tested using a wintertime case from the 1986 Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment project. The retrievals generated by the coupled method were modestly improved relative to independent stand-alone retrievals. Coupled analyses and forecasts of temperature and moisture fields compared favorably to forecasts from a control run without the VAS assimilation. C1 USAF, VSBE, Battlespace Environm Div, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Ruggiero, FH (reprint author), USAF, VSBE, Battlespace Environm Div, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ruggiero@arcdbs.plh.af.mil NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 127 IS 5 BP 802 EP 821 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<0802:CAOGSS>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 194RW UT WOS:000080208200013 ER PT J AU McKenna, DS Nagaraja, HN O'Shaughnessy, R AF McKenna, DS Nagaraja, HN O'Shaughnessy, R TI Management of pregnancies complicated by anti-kell isoimmunization SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLOIMMUNIZATION; ANEMIA; SENSITIZATION; GENOTYPES; HYDROPS; DISEASE AB Objective: To assess the efficacy of managing pregnancies complicated by anti-Kell isoimmunization using the methods developed for evaluating anti-Rh-D isoimmunization. Methods: We reviewed 156 anti-Kell-positive pregnancies seen from 1959 to 1995, which were managed with serial maternal titers, amniotic fluid Delta OD450 determination, and funipuncture. Data on maternal titers, paternal phenotypes, invasive fetal testing and therapies, and neonatal outcomes were collected and analyzed to determine whether severely affected pregnancies were identified in time for successful fetal and neonatal therapy. Results: Twenty-one fetuses were affected, eight with severe disease, and two fetuses in this group died. All of the severely affected fetuses were associated with maternal serum titers of at least 1:32. A critical titer of 1:32 was found to be 100% sensitive for identifying the affected pregnancies. The affected group had significantly higher amniotic fluid Delta OD450 values over the range of gestational ages than did the unaffected group (P <.001). The upper Liley curve was a specific discriminator for the diagnosis of affected fetuses, and the lower curve was specific for the diagnosis of unaffected or mild cases. Conclusion: Fetal anemia due to anti-Kell isoimmunization might be dde in part to erythropoietic suppression, but it is still largely a hemolytic process. The methods based on a hemolytic process, including use of a critical maternal serum titer of 1:32, serial amniotic fluid analyses when the titer was exceeded, and liberal use of funipuncture, were successful in identifying severely affected fetuses. (C) 1999 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP McKenna, DS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00034] NR 21 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 93 IS 5 BP 667 EP 673 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00491-8 PN 1 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 188RC UT WOS:000079861400007 PM 10912964 ER PT J AU Holck, DEE Foster, JA Dutton, JJ Dillon, HD AF Holck, DEE Foster, JA Dutton, JJ Dillon, HD TI Hard palate mucosal grafts in the treatment of the contracted socket SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID MOLDED ACRYLIC MOUTHGUARD; EYELID RECONSTRUCTION; ANOPHTHALMIC SOCKET; MUCOUS-MEMBRANE; FAT GRAFT; FREE-FLAP; MANAGEMENT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; IMPLANT; SITE AB Purpose: The treatment of the traumatic contracted anophthalmic socket is challenging. The ability to wear an ocular prosthesis may require multiple operations to replace orbital volume, mucosa, or both. Hard palate mucosal grafts are a logical choice to augment mucosa and volume in the reconstruction of a contracted socket. Methods: Ten patients with severely contracted sockets underwent socket reconstruction using hard palate mucosal grafts. The mucosal surface lining the contracted sockets was undermined and recessed toward the lid margins. Hard palate mucosal grafts that were harvested freehand and by using a radiofrequency instrument were placed in the socket fundus and sutured to the recessed mucosal edges. Forniceal sutures were placed full thickness through the lids, and custom conformers were placed in the sockets. In six patients, fixation sutures were passed through the conformer, fornices, and full thickness through the lid. In four patients, temporary tarsorrhaphies were placed for a minimum of 4 weeks postoperatively. Results: Postoperatively, 8 of the 10 patients were able to wear an ocular prosthesis comfortably. Cosmesis was acceptable. Two patients had recurrent socket contracture and were unable to wear a prosthesis. Conclusions: Hard palate mucosal grafts are a useful option in the surgical rehabilitation of contracted sockets. A mucosal surface, resistance to contracture, ease of harvesting, and ability for additional harvesting are advantages over other graft materials. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MRPK, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Holck, DEE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MRPK, Dept Ophthalmol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0740-9303 J9 OPHTHALMIC PLAST REC JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 202 EP 209 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 196JB UT WOS:000080304300010 PM 10355839 ER PT J AU Miller, FR D'Agostino, MA Schlack, K AF Miller, FR D'Agostino, MA Schlack, K TI Lobular capillary hemangioma of the nasal cavity SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 Malcolm Grow USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Malcolm Grow USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Miller, FR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, S-2100 Med Ctr N, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. NR 5 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 120 IS 5 BP 783 EP 784 DI 10.1053/hn.1999.v120.a85324 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 194EN UT WOS:000080179300035 PM 10229617 ER PT J AU Bruehl, S Harden, RN Galer, BS Saltz, S Bertram, M Backonja, M Gayles, R Rudin, N Bhugra, MK Stanton-Hicks, M AF Bruehl, S Harden, RN Galer, BS Saltz, S Bertram, M Backonja, M Gayles, R Rudin, N Bhugra, MK Stanton-Hicks, M TI External validation of IASP diagnostic criteria for complex regional pain syndrome and proposed research diagnostic criteria SO PAIN LA English DT Article DE complex regional pain syndrome; reflex sympathetic dystrophy; causalgia; validation; diagnosis; diagnostic criteria ID REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY AB Recent work in our research consortium has raised internal validity concerns regarding the current IASP criteria for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), suggesting problems with inadequate sensitivity and specificity. The current study explored the external validity of these IASP criteria for CRPS, A standardized evaluation of signs and symptoms of CRPS was conducted by study physicians in 117 patients meeting IASP criteria for CRPS, and 43 patients experiencing neuropathic pain with established non-CRPS etiology (e.g. diabetic neuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia), Multiple discriminant function analyses were used to test the ability of the IASP diagnostic criteria and decision rules, as well as proposed research modifications of these criteria, to discriminate between CRPS patients and those experiencing non-CRPS neuropathic pain. Current IASP criteria and decision rules (e.g, signs or symptoms of edema, or color changes or sweating changes satisfy criterion 3) discriminated significantly between groups (P < 0.001). However, although sensitivity was quite high (0.98), specificity was poor (0.36), and a positive diagnosis of CRPS was likely to be correct in as few as 40% of cases. Empirically-based research modifications to the criteria, which are more comprehensive and require presence of signs and symptoms, were also tested. These modified criteria were also able to discriminate significantly, between the CRPS and non-CRPS groups (P < 0.001). A decision rule, requiring at least two sign categories and four symptom categories to be positive optimized diagnostic efficiency, with a diagnosis of CRPS likely to be accurate in up to 84% of cases, and a diagnosis of non-CRPS neuropathic pain likely to be accurate in up to 88% of cases. These results indicate that the current IASP criteria for CRPS have inadequate specificity and are likely to lead to overdiagnosis. Proposed modifications to these criteria substantially improve their external validity and merit further evaluation. (C) 1999 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Rehabil Inst Chicago, Ctr Pain Studies, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Pain Serv, New York, NY 10003 USA. Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Pain Management Clin, Cleveland, OH USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Neurol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Space Coast Anesthesiol, Cocoa Beach, FL USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Baltimore, MD USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Pain Management Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Bruehl, S (reprint author), Rehabil Inst Chicago, Ctr Pain Studies, 11th Floor,345 E Super St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 19 TC 333 Z9 339 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3959 J9 PAIN JI Pain PD MAY PY 1999 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00011-1 PG 8 WC Anesthesiology; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Anesthesiology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 193HN UT WOS:000080130000016 PM 10353502 ER PT J AU Rick, JR Ascher, DP Smith, RA AF Rick, JR Ascher, DP Smith, RA TI Infantile botulism: An atypical case of an uncommon disease SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Darnall Army Community Hosp, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. RP Rick, JR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1999 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1038 EP 1039 DI 10.1542/peds.103.5.1038 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 193JZ UT WOS:000080134300048 PM 10224186 ER PT J AU Rao, S Parthasarathy, TA Woodward, C AF Rao, S Parthasarathy, TA Woodward, C TI Atomistic simulation of cross-slip processes in model fcc structures SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; STRESS; METALS; CRYSTALS; COPPER; ALLOYS; FLOW AB Three-dimensional cross-slipped core structures of (a/2)[110] screw dislocations in model fcc structures are simulated using lattice statics within the embedded-atom method (EAM) formalism. Two parametric EAM potentials fitted to the elastic and structural properties of fcc Ni were used for the simulations. The two- and three-dimensional Green's function techniques newly developed by Rao et al. are used to relax the boundary forces in the simulations. Core structures and energetics of the constrictions occurring in the cross-slip process are studied. The core structure of the constrictions are diffuse, as opposed to a point constriction as envisaged by Stroh. The two constrictions formed by cross-slip onto a cross {111} plane have significantly different energy profiles, at variance with classical continuum theory of Stroh. This suggests that self-stress forces and atomistics dominate the energetics of the cross-slip process; the far-field elastic-energy contribution to cross-slip appears to be minimal. However, the Shockley partial separation distances near the constrictions as well as the variation in cross-slip energy with stacking-fault energy are in reasonable agreement with continuum predictions. Cross-slip energies estimated for Cu and Ni from these calculations show reasonable agreement with experimental;data, The cross-slip energy shows a significantly weaker dependence on the Escaig stress compared with elasticity calculations. The activation volume for the cross-slip process is estimated to be of the order of 20b(3) at an applied Escaig stress of 10(-3) mu in Cu, an order of magnitude lower than experimental estimates and continuum predictions. C1 USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Rao, S (reprint author), USAF, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 42 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1167 EP 1192 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 194BC UT WOS:000080171400012 ER PT J AU Hohl, A Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Kovanis, V AF Hohl, A Gavrielides, A Erneux, T Kovanis, V TI Quasiperiodic synchronization for two delay-coupled semiconductor lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; INJECTION; ARRAYS; OSCILLATORS; LOCKING; CHAOS AB The dynamical behavior of two mutually coupled semiconductor lasers is studied experimentally, numerically, and analytically for weak coupling. The lasers have dissimilar relaxation oscillation frequencies and intensities, and their mutual coupling strength may be asymmetric. We find experimentally that the lasers preferentially entrain to the relaxation oscillation frequency of either one of the lasers. But quasiperiodic synchronization, where both relaxation oscillation frequencies appear, is possible. We show that there exist two distinct mechanisms leading to these regimes corresponding to either a bifurcation to a mixed-mode solution or a bifurcation induced by the delay of the mutually injected signal. However, only the second transition can be observed experimentally if the injection strength is continuously increased from zero. [S1050-2947(99)00705-2]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Grp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hohl, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Grp, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1999 VL 59 IS 5 BP 3941 EP 3949 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.59.3941 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 197UB UT WOS:000080383100104 ER PT J AU Moulder, JE Erdreich, LS Malyapa, RS Merritt, J Pickard, WF Vijayalaxmi AF Moulder, JE Erdreich, LS Malyapa, RS Merritt, J Pickard, WF Vijayalaxmi TI Cell phones and cancer: What is the evidence for a connection? SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the Radiation-Research-Society CY APR 25-29, 1998 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Radiat Res Soc ID RAT-BRAIN CELLS; MHZ ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS; TERM LIVER BIOASSAY; MICROWAVE-RADIATION; DNA-DAMAGE; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; MUTAGENIC INTERACTION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MITOMYCIN-C AB There have been allegations in the media and in the courts that cell phones and other types of hand-held transceivers are a cause of cancer. There have also been numerous public objections to the siting of TV, radio and cell phone transmission facilities because of a fear of cancer induction. A recent publication in Radiation Research by Repacholi et al, (147, 631-640, 1997) which suggests that exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation may increase lymphoma incidence in mice has contributed to this controversy. The goal of this review is to provide biomedical researchers a brief overview of the existing RF radiation-cancer studies. This article begins with a brief review of the physics and technology of cell phones, It then reviews the existing epidemiological studies of RF radiation, identifying gaps in our knowledge. Finally, the review discusses the cytogenetics literature on RF radiation and the whole-animal RE-radiation carcinogenesis studies, The epidemiological evidence for an association between RF radiation and cancer is found to be weak and inconsistent, the laboratory studies generally do not suggest that cell phone RF radiation has genotoxic or epigenetic activity, and a cell phone RF radiation-cancer connection is found to be physically implausible. Overall, the existing evidence for a causal relationship between RF radiation from cell phones and cancer is found to be weak to nonexistent. (C) 1999 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Bailey Res Assoc, New York, NY 10017 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Moulder, JE (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RI Moulder, John/E-6799-2012 NR 75 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 11 U2 55 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 EI 1938-5404 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 151 IS 5 BP 513 EP 531 DI 10.2307/3580028 PG 19 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 192WU UT WOS:000080103300001 PM 10319725 ER PT J AU Scholfield, DW Gahl, JM Shimomura, N AF Scholfield, DW Gahl, JM Shimomura, N TI Columnar focal lens SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The concept of utilizing a plasma generated by laser guided electric discharges in the atmosphere as the conducting element of an antenna was introduced in 1968. The principal objective was the development of an antenna with no physical structure, but with a large effective area. The goal of producing an ionized column of atmosphere for use as a practical antenna, or to direct lighting strikes, has proved to be elusive. The main difficulty in the production of a viable plasma antenna lies in the tendency of the plasma initially created to block the radiation required to maintain the plasma in a columnar geometry. Various strategies have been used to overcome this difficulty. We present the design of a novel lens with a focal column at a right angle to the principal plane. The design of the lens allows incident radiation to travel around any existing plasma, thereby limiting the blockage incurred by previous methods. Such a lens has application in the fields of plasma antennas and directed lighting strikes. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)01005-9]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Tokushima, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Tokushima 7708506, Japan. RP Scholfield, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Shimomura, Naoyuki/G-7036-2012; OI Shimomura, Naoyuki/0000-0002-3726-6270 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 70 IS 5 BP 2495 EP 2499 DI 10.1063/1.1149845 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 193AU UT WOS:000080113600047 ER PT J AU Schmidt, DL Davidson, KE Theibert, LS AF Schmidt, DL Davidson, KE Theibert, LS TI Unique applications of carbon-carbon composite materials (Part one) SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Carbon-carbon composites (CCC) are a unique class of high performance materials. Since their inception, about 1960, over 100 different types of CCCs have been created with properties previously not available. Novel materials were designed, fabricated, tested, upgraded and used in selected prototype applications. Componentry benefits were demonstrated and later the materials a were used in operational systems. This review focuses on the applied uses of CCC materials h the fields of friction, aerospace, propulsion, power generation, thermal management, industry, and medicine. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Schmidt, DL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 41 TC 54 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 9 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 3 BP 27 EP 39 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 201CA UT WOS:000080576000006 ER PT J AU McGraw, K Hoffmann, R Harker, C Herman, JH AF McGraw, K Hoffmann, R Harker, C Herman, JH TI The development of circadian rhythms in a human infant SO SLEEP LA English DT Article DE circadian rhythm development; infants; melatonin; temperature; light and social entrainment cues ID LIGHT; SLEEP; MELATONIN AB The development of circadian rhythms in a human infant Study Objectives-This study examines the ontogeny and interaction of circadian rhythms of sleep, wake, temperature, melatonin, and feeding in the human newborn, and the influence of photic and non-photic factors on the initiation of entrainment. Design-An infant's sleep-wake state, temperature, and salivary melatonin were monitored from birth to 6 months. Temperature was obtained every hour, and the infant's sleep/eating onset/termination were observed continuously and recorded until day 182. Salivary melatonin was obtained weekly for a 24-hour period, starting at week 3. Setting-The infant slept in his parents' bedroom. All household members awakened, retired, and ate meals according to a fixed schedule during the study, while the infant ate, slept, and woke on demand. Participants-A healthy male infant was the subject. Biological parents gathered data continuously for six months. Interventions-The infant's schedule was on-demand; the household's was fixed. Illumination was restricted to sunlight. Measurements and Results-The circadian rhythm of temperature appeared first, soon after birth, and became statistically significant within one week. The wake circadian rhythm appeared second, attaining significance at day 45; approximately the same time that increased melatonin concentration began to occur at sunset. The sleep circadian rhythm appeared last, attaining significance after day 56. Ninety to 120 minute zones of sustained wakefulness first appeared in the second month of life subsequent to awakening and prior to sleep onset. The infant's nocturnal sleep-onset was coupled to sunset before day 60 and subsequently to family bedtime, giving evidence of initial photic entrainment followed by social entrainment. Conclusions-Circadian rhythms appeared much more rapidly in this infant than previously reported; their rapid appearance was probably facilitated by maximal exposure to sunlight, and regular social cues. These lighting conditions replicate universal infant experience prior to the invention of artificial light. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP McGraw, K (reprint author), SGOHO, 82D MDOS,149 Hart St Suite 5, Sheppard AFB, TX 76311 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00633] NR 34 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SLEEP DISORDERS ASSOC PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD MAY 1 PY 1999 VL 22 IS 3 BP 303 EP 310 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 226ZP UT WOS:000082053300003 PM 10341380 ER PT J AU Irvin, DJ Steel, PJ Dudis, DS Reynolds, JR AF Irvin, DJ Steel, PJ Dudis, DS Reynolds, JR TI Prediction of electronic properties of EDOT containing conjugated polymers using semiempirical methods SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 98) CY JUL 12-18, 1998 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE DE semi-empirical models and model calculation; electrochemical polymerization; electrochemical methods; in situ electrochemical spectroscopy; polythiophene and derivatives ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS AB To understand the electrochromic and electronic properties of ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT)/phenylene linked polymers, twelve 1,4-bis[2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy) thienyl]benzene (BEDOT-B) based oligomers were studied using AMI at the RHF-SCF level within GAMESS. The monomers were also determined at the RHF/6-31G* double-zeta valence basis set level within GAMESS. The monomers and polymers have been synthesized to verify the results by electrochemical, spectroscopic, and x-ray structure determination. Electron withdrawing groups such as F, CN, and NO, were used to increase the band gap while retaining low oxidation potentials. We were able to predict the band gap to within 0.1 eV using an additive coefficient of -0.87 eV for all polymers. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Macromol Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45377 USA. RP Reynolds, JR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Macromol Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 101 IS 1-3 BP 392 EP 393 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(98)00851-0 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 210JL UT WOS:000081101300192 ER PT J AU Prasad, SV McDevitt, NT Zabinski, JS AF Prasad, SV McDevitt, NT Zabinski, JS TI Tribology of tungsten disulfide films in humid environments: The role of a tailored metal-matrix composite substrate SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE tungsten disulfide; carbide protrusions; pulsed laser deposition ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; FRICTION BEHAVIOR; WEAR; LUBRICANTS AB As a result of tribe-induced oxidation, tungsten disulfide (WS2) loses its lubricating behavior in humid environments. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of a tailored metal-matrix composite (MMC) substrate in imparting oxidation resistance to WS2 films in sliding contact. The substrate is an aluminum MMC disk reinforced with 20 vol.% silicon carbide (SiC) particles. The MMC-disk was metallographically polished and etched to create SiC particle protrusions. The films were grown on the MMC substrates using a pulsed laser. Friction and wear tests were performed in dry nitrogen and in humid air with 90% relative humidity. The counterface was a 440C steel ball. The wear scars and third-body transfer films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spechoscopy. In dry nitrogen, the friction coefficient of WS2 films on MMC substrates was low (0.035-0.050), indicating that the carbide protrusions did not adversely affect the lubricating behavior. In humid air, the friction coefficient of WS2 films on polished steel substrates increased to 0.4 during the first 1000 cycles of sliding, whereas the ones on MMC substrates lasted for the entire duration of 50,000-cycle tests, with friction coefficients ranging from 0.15 to 0.22. The counterface wear, or scratching of the steel ball by SiC, was practically absent. The role of carbide protrusions in controlling chemically assisted crack propagation is discussed. The implications of this work as a model study for the design of thin film composite coatings is highlighted. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RAMSPEC Res, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 EI 1873-2577 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD MAY PY 1999 VL 230 IS 1 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00082-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 198YX UT WOS:000080453200003 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, JR Burggraf, LW Gordon, MS AF Shoemaker, JR Burggraf, LW Gordon, MS TI SIMOMM: An integrated molecular orbital/molecular mechanics optimization scheme for surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; ABINITIO; QUANTUM; POTENTIALS; IMOMM AB Reactions on surfaces are often modeled using molecular clusters which are too small to accurately represent the mechanical environment of bulk materials. The small size of these clusters is driven by the large cost of ab initio quantum mechanical (QM) computational methods needed to accurately model chemical reactions. Hybrid computational approaches that interface quantum mechanics with molecular mechanics (MM) methods, commonly referred to as QM/MM methods, are becoming increasingly popular for treating large systems, but these hybrid methods have not been applied to surface models. This paper presents a QM/MM optimization scheme for modeling surfaces that is based on the IMOMM approach of Maseras and Morokuma. The modified method, (S)urface IMOMM, and its applications to surface chemistry are discussed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Burggraf, LW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 29 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 17 BP 3245 EP 3251 DI 10.1021/jp982600e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 192DR UT WOS:000080063400014 ER PT J AU Nelson, RL Boyd, RW AF Nelson, RL Boyd, RW TI Enhanced electro-optic response of layered composite materials SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPED POLYMER-FILMS; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; COEFFICIENT; CONSTANTS AB We have constructed a multilayered composite material consisting of alternating layers of rf-sputtered barium titanate and spin-coated polycarbonate containing a third-order nonlinear optical organic dopant. The effective nonlinear susceptibility of the composite describing the quadratic electro-optic effect was measured to have the value chi((3)) = (3.2 + 0.2i) x 10(-21) +/- 25% (m/V)(2). The real part of this value is a factor of 3.2 +/- 50% times larger than that of the doped polycarbonate, which is the dominant electro-optic component of the composite. We have modeled the experiment by using both effective medium theory and by solving the wave equation for our multilayered system, and we find that these approaches give consistent predictions which are in good agreement to the experimental results. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03117-4]. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 26 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 17 BP 2417 EP 2419 DI 10.1063/1.123866 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 188PD UT WOS:000079855900005 ER PT J AU Gambone, ML Rosenberger, AH AF Gambone, ML Rosenberger, AH TI Creep of SiC/Ti-1100 composite in a vacuum environment SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SILICON-CARBIDE; SIC FIBER; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; DAMAGE AB This study examines the longitudinal creep behavior of a unidirectionally reinforced SIC fiber/Ti-1100 composite at 540 degrees C in a vacuum. Primary creep behavior is predicted by the McLean creep model for elastic fibers in a creeping matrix provided the initial damage in the composite is taken into account and no damage accumulates during creep. At higher stresses, where the composite accumulates damage and eventually fails, both the strain and time to rupture can be predicted using the Bundle model, a modification of the McLean/Curtin creep model. In predicting rupture, the strength distribution of the weakest fibers in the composite is the controlling factor. On behalf of Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rosenberger, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR 23 PY 1999 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1723 EP 1734 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00070-1 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 195TU UT WOS:000080268900003 ER EF