FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Vaia, RA Lincoln, D Wang, ZG Hsiao, BS AF Vaia, RA Lincoln, D Wang, ZG Hsiao, BS TI Characterization of the mesoscopic structure of polymerlayered silicate nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Wang, Zhigang/F-6136-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 179-PMSE BP U491 EP U492 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202759 ER PT J AU Yoo, HY Boatz, JA Helms, V McCammon, JA Langhoff, PW AF Yoo, HY Boatz, JA Helms, V McCammon, JA Langhoff, PW TI Structure and spectra of green fluorescent protein chromophore. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Max Planck Inst Biophys, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biochem & Chem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 176-PHYS BP U293 EP U293 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246201635 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Park, SY Farmer, BL Interrante, LV AF Zhang, T Park, SY Farmer, BL Interrante, LV TI Synthesis and characterization of side-chain liquid crystalline poly(silylenemethylene)s employing a Si-O-C linkage. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USAF, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12181 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 462-POLY BP U425 EP U425 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202410 ER PT J AU Huang, XY Lewis, S Brittain, WJ Vaia, RA AF Huang, XY Lewis, S Brittain, WJ Vaia, RA TI Synthesis of polycarbonate-layered silicate nanocomposites via cyclic oligomers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYMER MELT INTERCALATION; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; HYBRID; MONTMORILLONITE AB A partially exfoliated bisphenol A polycarbonate nanocomposite has been prepared by using carbonate cyclic oligomers and ditallow dimethyl exchanged montmorillonite (B34). Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) indicated that exfoliation of this organically modified layered silicate (OLS) occurs after mixing with the cyclic oligomers in a brabender mixer for 1 h at 180 degrees C. Subsequent ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic oligomers converted the matrix into linear polymer without disruption of the layer dispersion. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that a partially exfoliated structure was obtained, although no indication of layer correlation was observed in WAXD. if linear polycarbonate was similarly treated with B34 in a brabender mixer, only an intercalated hybrid was obtained. Furthermore, conventional melt or solution processing of the B34 with either linear polycarbonate or cyclic oligomers yielded intercalated nanocomposites with interlayer spacings of 3.27 and 3.6-3.8 nm, respectively. These results demonstrate that consideration of molecular architecture (cyclic vs linear) and kinetics (medium viscosity and shear) is critical for nanocomposite formation. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorage, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brittain, WJ (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 39 TC 156 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 21 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 6 BP 2000 EP 2004 DI 10.1021/ma991709x PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 297GF UT WOS:000086073300016 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, AG Murray, IS Hawkes, RL Worden, P Campbell, MD Brown, P Jenniskens, P Correll, RR Montague, T Babcock, DD AF LeBlanc, AG Murray, IS Hawkes, RL Worden, P Campbell, MD Brown, P Jenniskens, P Correll, RR Montague, T Babcock, DD TI Evidence for transverse spread in Leonid meteors SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE meteors; meteoroids AB We report here evidence for significant transverse spread of the light production region in bright Leonid meteors. One Leonid meteor has an apparent spread in the light production region of about 600 m perpendicular to the flight path for the meteor, that transverse spread persisting for at least 0.3 s. We have also detected short-duration, jet-like features emanating from a bright Leonid meteor recorded in 1998. These jet-like features have maximum spatial dimensions up to 1.9 km. While we cannot definitively rule out instrumental artefacts as a cause for these jet-like features, they may be evidence of motion contributing to the observed spatial spread in the light production region. C1 Mt Allison Univ, Dept Phys, Sackville, NB E4L 1E6, Canada. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Headquarters USAF Space Command, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP LeBlanc, AG (reprint author), St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2000 VL 313 IS 1 BP L9 EP L13 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03347.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300UV UT WOS:000086272200003 ER PT J AU Lukesh, G Chandler, S Voelz, D AF Lukesh, G Chandler, S Voelz, D TI Estimation of laser system pointing performance by use of statistics of return photons SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Strategic laser systems are subject to residual pointing errors arising from vibrations and atmospheric turbulence, estimates of which may allow improved system performance. Field data hom the Air Force Research Laboratory Floodbeam Experiments suggested a linear relationship between the mean and standard deviation of the shot-by-shot signals and the jitter. An ideal analytic solution and Monte Carlo simulations confirmed this result for a relatively large number of returns. A refined approach using statistical chi(2) techniques, which simultaneously estimates jitter and boresight, was developed to address results from satellite passes with relatively few returns and provides excellent jitter and boresight predictions. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 120.0280, 120.5630, 010.1300, 130.6750. C1 Nukove Sci Consulting, Corrales, NM 87048 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Surveillance Technol Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lukesh, G (reprint author), Nukove Sci Consulting, POB 2865, Corrales, NM 87048 USA. EM smchandler@aol.com NR 13 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1359 EP 1371 DI 10.1364/AO.39.001359 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 295EM UT WOS:000085953800002 PM 18338019 ER PT J AU Adair, ER Mylacraine, KS Cobb, BL AF Adair, ER Mylacraine, KS Cobb, BL TI Additive effects of mild exercise on the heat loss responses of human volunteers during partial body of exposure at 2450 MHz. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Inc, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A322 EP A322 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101860 ER PT J AU Kalns, JE Ryan, KL Mason, PA Scruggs, J Gooden, R Kiel, JL AF Kalns, JE Ryan, KL Mason, PA Scruggs, J Gooden, R Kiel, JL TI Protein nitration accompanies heat stroke and hemorrhage SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Davis Hyperbar Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Veritian Engn, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A613 EP A613 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103546 ER PT J AU Ryan, KL Kalns, JE Mason, PA Bruno, JG Gooden, R Kiel, JL AF Ryan, KL Kalns, JE Mason, PA Bruno, JG Gooden, R Kiel, JL TI Oxidative stress precedes circulatory failure induced by 35-GHz microwave (MW) heating SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Davis Hyperbar Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Engn, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A613 EP A613 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103543 ER PT J AU Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Scholin, TL Mason, PA AF Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Scholin, TL Mason, PA TI Neuronal damage following thermal stress SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Engn, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A613 EP A613 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103548 ER PT J AU Korambath, PP Singaraju, BK Karna, SP AF Korambath, PP Singaraju, BK Karna, SP TI Ab initio molecular orbital theory study of GaAs clusters: The geometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GaAs clusters; structure and stability; charge trapping ID III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; POINT-DEFECTS; SPECTROSCOPY; SIO2 AB We have studied the structure and geometry of neutral and charged atomic clusters consisting of Ga and As atoms via ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and second-order Mowller-Plesset methods. The GamAsn cluster with m not equal n composition prefers a nontetrahedral geometry in the charge neutral (q = 0) state. These clusters tend to be stable in tetrahedral geometry when appropriately charged. The GamAsn cluster with m = n composition (1:1 ratio of Ga to As atoms) tends to be stable in a tetrahedral geometry in the charge neutral (q = 0) state. With increasing size of the cluster, the geometry of GanAsn cluster approaches the zinc-belende-type crystalline structure. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Korambath, PP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,Bldg 914, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 563 EP 573 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(2000)77:2<563::AID-QUA8>3.0.CO;2-G PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 286EZ UT WOS:000085431800008 ER PT J AU Alabata, PC Holck, DE Knowles, JR Scribbick, FW AF Alabata, PC Holck, DE Knowles, JR Scribbick, FW TI Comparison analysis of skin incisions produced by four different surgical instruments. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 628B3 BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246700627 ER PT J AU Baldwin, JB Tutt, RC Allen, R Goodman, RJ Ivan, DJ Johnson, DA LoRusso, FJ Taboada, J Tredici, TJ Yates, JT AF Baldwin, JB Tutt, RC Allen, R Goodman, RJ Ivan, DJ Johnson, DA LoRusso, FJ Taboada, J Tredici, TJ Yates, JT TI Is pupil size correlated with visual and contrast acuity before and after PRK? SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 4893B840 BP S920 EP S920 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246704961 ER PT J AU Billock, VA Tsou, BH AF Billock, VA Tsou, BH TI Is chromatic saturation an emergent property of synchronized binding between chromatic and achromatic mechanisms? SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Logicon Tech Serv Inc, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 4288B235 BP S808 EP S808 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246704357 ER PT J AU Brusie, SR AF Brusie, SR TI Effect of test light intensity on detection of relative afferent pupillary defects SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 176B176 BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246700176 ER PT J AU Chacko, B Croley, J Taboada, J AF Chacko, B Croley, J Taboada, J TI Quantitative measurement of the forces necessary to fold alcon Acrysof (R) intraocular lenses (IOL). SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 3132B230 BP S589 EP S589 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246703202 ER PT J AU Dillon, HD Holck, DEE Ng, JD Scribbick, FW Gayre, GS Dutton, JJ Foster, JA Johnson, DC DeBacker, CM Lane, RG AF Dillon, HD Holck, DEE Ng, JD Scribbick, FW Gayre, GS Dutton, JJ Foster, JA Johnson, DC DeBacker, CM Lane, RG TI Histopathological correlation between fibro-fatty infiltrate and levator fuction in fair-function ptosis. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX USA. Duke Univ, Hosp Eye, Durham, NC USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Ophthalmol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 632B7 BP S124 EP S124 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246700631 ER PT J AU Goodman, RL Allen, RD Johnson, DA Baldwin, JB LoRusso, FJ Ivan, DJ Smith, RE Tutt, RC Yates, JT Waller, SG AF Goodman, RL Allen, RD Johnson, DA Baldwin, JB LoRusso, FJ Ivan, DJ Smith, RE Tutt, RC Yates, JT Waller, SG TI Comparability of 4 methods of measuring pupil size. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 175B175 BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246700175 ER PT J AU Hahn, JH Castro, E Foster, JA Arenas, M Holck, D AF Hahn, JH Castro, E Foster, JA Arenas, M Holck, D TI Investigation of the relationship between intraocular pressure and gaze restriction in patients with thyroid eye disease. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cole Eye Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 4968B915 BP S934 EP S934 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246705036 ER PT J AU Hidayat, AH Prasad, SS Cockerham, GC Cockerham, KP AF Hidayat, AH Prasad, SS Cockerham, GC Cockerham, KP TI Mueller's muscle fibrosis in congenital ptosis. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AFIP, Ophthalm Pathol, Rockville, MD USA. Kanchan Eye Inst, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. Ophthalmol Serv, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Allegheny Ophthalmol Associates, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 631B6 BP S124 EP S124 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246700630 ER PT J AU Knowles, JR Scribbick, FW Lloyd, WC AF Knowles, JR Scribbick, FW Lloyd, WC TI Pathogenesis of Bowman's layer disruptions in keratoconus. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 672B47 BP S131 EP S131 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246700671 ER PT J AU Lane, RG Jumper, JM Nasir, MA MacCumber, MW McCuen, BW AF Lane, RG Jumper, JM Nasir, MA MacCumber, MW McCuen, BW TI Pilot study to determine the safe and effective dose of enoxaparin (Lovenox) for the prevention of post-operative fibrin formation after vitrectomy. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Calif Retina Consultants, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Rush Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Durham, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 3969 BP S746 EP S746 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246704038 ER PT J AU Mruthyunjaya, P Jumper, JM Patel, D Jaffe, GJ AF Mruthyunjaya, P Jumper, JM Patel, D Jaffe, GJ TI Diagnostic yield of vitrectomy in eyes with suspected posterior segment infection or malignancy. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Durham, NC USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 502 BP S96 EP S96 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246700501 ER PT J AU Pierce, BJ Grutzmacher, RP Geri, GA AF Pierce, BJ Grutzmacher, RP Geri, GA TI The effects of optic flow on estimates of time-to-contract. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lockheed Martin Technol Serv, Mesa, AZ USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. Raytheon Training Inc, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 3823B921 BP S718 EP S718 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246703892 ER PT J AU Wong, WK Scribbick, F AF Wong, WK Scribbick, F TI Ocular trauma from high-pressure water cannon toys: An experimental study. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, SAUSHEC Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 1613B988 BP S305 EP S305 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246701612 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL TI Phase-restricted heterogeneous correlation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; TRANSFORM; FILTERS AB We introduce a new phase-restricted algorithm for producing a heterogeneous correlation filter that permits new in-class members to be added without changing the phase of the filter. This heterogeneous correlation filter uses amplitude modulation both to enhance in-class cross correlations and to suppress selected out-of-class correlations. This new algorithm should substantially improve the performance of existing class-associative correlators and improve their operation. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 070.5010, 070.6020, 200.4740. C1 Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 6 BP 396 EP 398 DI 10.1364/OL.25.000396 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 293HR UT WOS:000085846500012 PM 18059891 ER PT J AU Collins, CB Davanloo, F Iosif, MC Dussart, R Hicks, JM Karamian, SA Ur, CA Popescu, II Kirischuk, VI Roberts, HE McDaniel, P Crist, CE AF Collins, CB Davanloo, F Iosif, MC Dussart, R Hicks, JM Karamian, SA Ur, CA Popescu, II Kirischuk, VI Roberts, HE McDaniel, P Crist, CE TI Comment on "accelerated emission of gamma rays from the 31-yr isomer of Hf-178 induced by x-ray irradiation" Collins et al. reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. H Hulubei Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. IGE Fdn, Bucharest, Romania. Inst Nucl Res, Kiev, Ukraine. SRS Technol, Syst Tech Grp, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DEPA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Collins, CB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 13 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 11 BP 2544 EP 2545 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.2544 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 292JZ UT WOS:000085791900068 ER PT J AU Hardie, RC Hayat, MM Armstrong, E Yasuda, B AF Hardie, RC Hayat, MM Armstrong, E Yasuda, B TI Scene-based nonuniformity correction with video sequences and registration SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION AB We describe a new, to our knowledge, scene-based nonuniformity correction algorithm for array detectors. The algorithm relies on the ability to register a sequence of observed frames in the presence of the fixed-pattern noise caused by pixel-to-pixel nonuniformity. In low-to-moderate levels of nonuniformity, sufficiently accurate registration may be possible with standard scene-based registration techniques. If the registration is accurate, and motion exists between the frames, then groups of independent detectors can be identified that observe the same irradiance (or true scene value). These detector outputs are averaged to generate estimates of the true scene values. With these scene estimates, and the corresponding observed values through a given detector, a curve-fitting procedure is used to estimate the individual detector response parameters. These can then be used to correct for detector nonuniformity. The strength of the algorithm lies in its simplicity and low computational complexity. Experimental results, to illustrate the performance of the algorithm, include the use of visible-range imagery with simulated nonuniformity and infrared imagery with real nonuniformity. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hardie, RC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM rhardie@engr.udayton.edu RI Hayat, Majeed/E-4924-2010 NR 19 TC 108 Z9 124 U1 3 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1241 EP 1250 DI 10.1364/AO.39.001241 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 292BV UT WOS:000085775000003 PM 18338007 ER PT J AU Rea, MA Pickard, GE AF Rea, MA Pickard, GE TI A 5-HT1B receptor agonist inhibits light-induced suppression of pineal melatonin production SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE suprachiasmatic nucleus; pineal; melatonin circadian rhythm; retinohypothalamic tract; 5-HT1B receptor ID INDUCED PHASE-SHIFTS; C-FOS EXPRESSION; N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; CIRCADIAN ACTIVITY RHYTHM; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; RETINOHYPOTHALAMIC TRACT; SEROTONERGIC INNERVATION; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; NOCTURNAL RODENTS; HAMSTER AB Serotonin (5-HT) modulates the phase adjusting effects of light on the: mammalian circadian clock through the activation of presynaptic 5-HT1B receptors located on retinal terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The current study was conducted to determine whether activation of 5-HT,, receptors also alters photic regulation of nocturnal pineal melatonin production. Systemic administration of the 5-HT1B receptor agonist TFMPP attenuated the inhibitory effect of light on pineal melatonin synthesis in a dose-related manner with an apparent ED50 value of 0.9 mg/kg. The effect of TFMPP on light-induced melatonin suppression was blocked by the 5-HT1 receptor antagonist, methiothepin, but not by the 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY 100,635, consistent with the involvement of 5-HT1B receptors. The results are consistent with the interpretation that activation of presynaptic 5-HT1B receptors on retinal terminals in the SCN attenuates the effect of light on pineal melatonin production, as well as on circadian phase. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Inst Brain Res, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Circadian Neurobiol Lab, Houston, TX 77004 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Rea, MA (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Circadian Neurobiol Lab, Houston, TX 77004 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 35615] NR 49 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD MAR 10 PY 2000 VL 858 IS 2 BP 424 EP 428 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02462-2 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 292VB UT WOS:000085814800023 PM 10708696 ER PT J AU Haddad, WM Chellaboina, V Fausz, JL Leonessa, A AF Haddad, WM Chellaboina, V Fausz, JL Leonessa, A TI Optimal non-linear robust control for non-linear uncertain systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article ID H-INFINITY-CONTROL; NONQUADRATIC PERFORMANCE CRITERIA; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; FEEDBACK-CONTROL AB In this paper we develop an optimality-based robust control framework for non-linear uncertain systems with strictured parametric uncertainty. Specifically, using an optimal non-linear robust control framework, we develop a family of globally stabilizing robust backstepping controllers parametrized by the cost functional that is minimized. Furthermore, it is shown that the Lyapunov function for the closed-loop system guaranteeing robust stability over a prescribed range of structured system parametric uncertainty is a solution to the steady-state Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation for the controlled system and thus guarantees robust stability and robust performance. The results are then used to design robust controllers for jet engine compression systems with uncertain system dynamics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Technol Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Haddad, WM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Chellaboina, Vijaysekhar/I-6507-2016 OI Chellaboina, Vijaysekhar/0000-0003-2576-5037 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD MAR 10 PY 2000 VL 73 IS 4 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.1080/002071700219687 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 294FW UT WOS:000085901700007 ER PT J AU Guide, VDR Srivastava, R Kraus, ME AF Guide, VDR Srivastava, R Kraus, ME TI Priority scheduling policies for repair shops SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID REMANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT; PRODUCT STRUCTURE; ASSEMBLY SHOP; CAPACITY; SPARES; MODELS; RULES AB The use of repair as an alternative to the replacement of products is a growing trend in many industries, especially those employing expensive assets. Repair shop environments are characterized by a greater degree of uncertainty than traditional job or assembly shop environments, and this introduces unique managerial complications. In this study, scheduling policies are examined in the repair shop environment where no end-item spares are available or where the spares stocking decision is deferred until the minimum obtainable flowtimes for end-items are established. Previous studies of scheduling policies have focused on the case where spares are allowed and have not considered all of the sources of variation in the repair environment. The model developed in this study incorporates these sources of uncertainty, as well as other factors likely to influence repair shop performance. The results show that the variability in repair shops is sufficiently higher than in traditional job or assembly shops to warrant different scheduling policies than those previously reported. The choice of scheduling policy to provide minimum flowtimes and RMS tardiness is operating;environment specific, and clear guidelines are presented for the manager in a repair shop environment. C1 Duquesne Univ, AJ Palumbo Sch Business Adm, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Logist & Acquisit Management, Dept Grad Logist Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guide, VDR (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, AJ Palumbo Sch Business Adm, Rockwell Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PD MAR 10 PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 929 EP 950 DI 10.1080/002075400189220 PG 22 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 286NR UT WOS:000085452500011 ER PT J AU Skapek, SX Jansen, D Wei, TF McDermott, T Huang, WP Olson, EN Lee, EYHP AF Skapek, SX Jansen, D Wei, TF McDermott, T Huang, WP Olson, EN Lee, EYHP TI Cloning and characterization of a novel Kruppel-associated box family transcriptional repressor that interacts with the retinoblastoma gene product, RB SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; CELL-CYCLE PROGRESSION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE CELLS; LARGE T-ANTIGEN; S-PHASE ENTRY; BINDING PROTEIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; GROWTH SUPPRESSION; POINT MUTATIONS AB The retinoblastoma gene product, RB, seems to function as a key tumor suppressor by repressing the expression of genes activated by members of the E2F family of transcription factors. In order to accomplish this, RB has been proposed to interact with a transcriptional repressor. However, no genuine transcriptional repressors have been identified by virtue of interaction with RB. By using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified a novel member of a known family of transcriptional repressors that contain zinc fingers of the Kruppel type and a portable transcriptional repressor motif known as the Kruppel-associated box (KRAB). The mouse and human forms of the novel RB-associated KRAB protein (RBaK) are widely expressed. The amino acid motif that links the KRAB domain and zinc fingers appears to be required for interaction with RB in vitro. Human RBaK ectopically expressed in fibroblasts is an 80-kDa protein that is localized to the nucleus. The expression of either RB or RBaK in 10T1/2 fibroblasts represses the activation of an E2F-dependent promoter and decreases DNA synthesis to a similar degree. However, a mutant form of RBaK that cannot interact with RB in vitro is unable to prevent DNA synthesis. We present a model in which RB physically interacts with the novel transcriptional repressor RBaK to repress E2F-dependent genes and prevent DNA synthesis. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Med, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Mol Biol & Oncol, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. RP Lee, EYHP (reprint author), Dept Mol Med, 15355 Lambda Dr, San Antonio, TX 78345 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA49649]; NICHD NIH HHS [K08-HD01105] NR 88 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 10 PY 2000 VL 275 IS 10 BP 7212 EP 7223 DI 10.1074/jbc.275.10.7212 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 292RV UT WOS:000085809600071 PM 10702291 ER PT J AU Zhao, MS Wahl, EH Owano, TG Largent, CC Zare, RN Kruger, CH AF Zhao, MS Wahl, EH Owano, TG Largent, CC Zare, RN Kruger, CH TI Near-surface reduction of cavity ring-down spectroscopy detection sensitivity SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a high-sensitivity technique used to measure the absolute concentrations of absorbing species. We have used CRDS to measure spatially dependent concentration profiles near a physical surface that obstructs the light path. A decrease in detection sensitivity resulting from interaction between the circulating cavity ring-down beam and the surface was observed. Simple calculations based on geometrical obstruction by the solid surface significantly underestimate the sensitivity loss, suggesting that diffraction is important. Calculations that include diffraction effects more closely agree with experimental data. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Owano, TG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Bldg 520,Duena St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Zare, Richard/A-8410-2009 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 3 PY 2000 VL 318 IS 6 BP 555 EP 560 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00090-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 291FC UT WOS:000085722600010 ER PT J AU Manke, GC Henshaw, TL Madden, TJ Hager, GD AF Manke, GC Henshaw, TL Madden, TJ Hager, GD TI Temperature-dependent quenching rate constants of NF(a(1)Delta) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PRODUCT BRANCHING FRACTION; ELEMENTARY REACTIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ATOMS; NF(A1-DELTA); NH(A(1)DELTA); INTERHALOGENS; GENERATION; MOLECULES; KINETICS AB The temperature dependence of the rate constants for NF(a(1)Delta) quenching by Cl-2, HCl, O-2, and CO over the temperature range 300-480 K have been measured in a flow reactor. The rate constant data were fit by Arrhenius expressions k(T, Cl-2) = 1.6 +/- 1.0 x 10(-11) exp(-1100 +/- 250/T), k(T, HCl) = 2.0 +/- 1.0 x 10(-10) exp(-3270 +/- 250/T), k(T, O-2) = 1.5 +/- 0.5 x 10(-14) exp(-300 +/- 150/T) and k(T, CO) = 2.0 +/- 1.0 x 10(-12) exp(-2000 +/- 250/T), cm(3) molecules(-1) s(-1). Reaction mechanisms and possible products are discussed for each reaction. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DELC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DELC, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 2 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 8 BP 1708 EP 1714 DI 10.1021/jp993477+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 289VF UT WOS:000085642100013 ER PT J AU Hallman, MJR Shaw, JA Geisinger, KR Loggie, BW White, WL AF Hallman, MJR Shaw, JA Geisinger, KR Loggie, BW White, WL TI Cytomorphologic features of merkel cell carcinoma in fine needle aspiration biopsies - A study of two atypical cases SO ACTA CYTOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE carcinoma, Merkel cell; skin neoplasms; aspiration biopsy ID INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT BUTTONS; PRIMARY ENDOCRINE CARCINOMA; NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA; SQUAMOUS DIFFERENTIATION; TRABECULAR CARCINOMA; SKIN; TUMOR; CYTOLOGY; NEOPLASMS; DIAGNOSIS AB OBJECTIVE: To report atypical cytomorphologic features in fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) from two cases of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a primary neuroendocrine neoplasm of skin. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of FNABs with histologic correlation front six patients with MCC and a report of findings from two whose smears showed atypical features. RESULTS: Typically the aspirates produce highly cellular smears of loosely clustered and individual, relatively monomorphic, small tumor cells with round to oval, regularly contoured nuclei. In two of our cases, the tumor cell nuclei exhibited a spectrum of pleomorphism ranging from moderately complex nuclear membranes with cleaves, indentations and protrusions in one case to large, markedly bizarre, convoluted it nuclei and multi-nucleate tumor cells in the extreme case. Both cases were Finally neoplasms, the diagnosis ions based on clinical, histochemical and immunohistochemical data. Additionally, electron microscopy tons performed on the tumor with bizarre nuclei and demonstrated rare, dense core neurosecretory granules and paranuclear bundles of intermediate filaments. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Med Ctr, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Moses Cone Mem Hosp, Dept Pathol, Greensboro, NC USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP White, WL (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Med Ctr, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0001-5547 EI 1938-2650 J9 ACTA CYTOL JI Acta Cytol. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 44 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 294KB UT WOS:000085909500014 ER PT J AU Dunn, JS Brost, BC AF Dunn, JS Brost, BC TI Fetal bradycardia after IV adenosine for maternal PSVT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID PAROXYSMAL SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA C1 USAF, Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Biloxi, MS USA. RP Dunn, JS (reprint author), USAF, Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Biloxi, MS USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2 BP 234 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0735-6757(00)90033-0 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 295YW UT WOS:000085997100034 PM 10750945 ER PT J AU Finney, GA AF Finney, GA TI Analysis of a water-propelled rocket: A problem in honors physics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The air-pumped, water-propelled rocket is a common child's toy, yet forms a reasonably complicated system when carefully analyzed. A lab based on this system was included as the final laboratory project in the honors version of General Physics I at the USAF Academy. The numerical solution for the height of the rocket is presented, as well as several analytic approximations. Five out of six lab groups predicted the maximum height of the rocket within experimental error. (C) 2000 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Finney, GA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 68 IS 3 BP 223 EP 227 DI 10.1119/1.19415 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 287GU UT WOS:000085498800003 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Andersen, GP Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, BV Andersen, GP Knize, RJ TI Frequency doubled diode laser pumped Nd : YVO4 microchip laser SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We describe the construction and operation of a compact diode laser pumped Nd:YVO4 microchip laser with intracavity frequency doubling. An output power of about 100 mW at 0.53 mu m has been achieved. This device can be used in undergraduate teaching labs and for research applications as well. An experiment using this laser for holography is described. (C) 2000 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 68 IS 3 BP 282 EP 286 DI 10.1119/1.19409 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 287GU UT WOS:000085498800014 ER PT J AU Lim, AAT Washington, AP Greinwald, JH Lassen, LF Holtel, MR AF Lim, AAT Washington, AP Greinwald, JH Lassen, LF Holtel, MR TI Effect of pentoxifylline on the healing of guinea pig tympanic membrane SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE guinea pig; pentoxifylline; tympanic membrane perforation ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; SKIN-FLAP SURVIVAL; OCCLUSIVE DISEASE; PERFORATIONS; REPAIR AB Although most tympanic membrane perforations heal spontaneously, persistent perforations frequently require treatment by otolaryngologists. Initial management strategies include keeping the ear dry, ensuring aural hygiene, and using topical antibiotics. For persistent perforations. paper patching or myringoplasty may be required. Recently, agents such as hyaluronic acid and epidermal growth factor have been used to promote tympanic membrane healing. Similarly, pentoxifylline, a pharmaceutical agent with hemorrheological and antithrombotic properties, has been shown to increase perfusion and accelerate wound healing. This double-blinded prospective study attempts to examine the effect of pentoxifylline on tympanic membrane healing of 50 guinea pigs subjected to myringotomy. Serial examinations and histopathologic sectioning of the tympanic membranes revealed no significant difference in rate of healing or quality of repair between the pentoxifylline and control groups. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Lim, AAT (reprint author), SGCQSL, Med Grp 375, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 310 W Losey St, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 109 IS 3 BP 262 EP 266 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 293EH UT WOS:000085838200005 PM 10737308 ER PT J AU Pelletier, JPR Plumbley, JA Rouse, EA Cina, SJ AF Pelletier, JPR Plumbley, JA Rouse, EA Cina, SJ TI The role of Clostridium septicum in paraneoplastic sepsis SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; MANAGEMENT; BACTEREMIA; MALIGNANCY; LEUKEMIA; PATIENT; DISEASE AB Context-Clostridium septicum infections are rare but often associated with serious if not fatal outcomes. Clostridium septicum infection does not appear to be associated with a single specific defect in cellular or humoral immunity. It has been associated with multiple medical problems, including but not limited to leukemia, malignancy of the bowel, other solid tumors, cyclic neutropenia with enterocolitis, diabetes mellitus, and severe arteriosclerosis. Most cases of C septicum are associated with malignancy, and mortality approaches 100% if care is not rendered within 12 to 24 hours. Objectives.-To evaluate outcomes of patients with C septicum bacteremia, whether treated medically or surgically or both, and to note associated conditions. Design.-Retrospective evaluation of patients found to have C septicum bacteremia in the past 6 years. Setting.-Two teaching hospitals, Brooke Army Medical Center (250 beds) and Wilford Hall Medical Center (292 beds), were the source of our patients. Patients.-All patients found to have C septicum bacteremia during hospitalization or postmortem examination were included in the study. There were no exclusion criteria. Main Outcome Measure.-Mortality associated with C septicum infection. Results.-In our case series, mortality was 33%, which is slightly lower than reported in prior studies (43%-70%). Conclusion.-Presumptive identification based on Cram stain, awareness of C septicum infection as a paraneoplastic syndrome, and prompt, clear communication between laboratory personnel and clinicians are necessary for early diagnosis of C septicum infection. Early institution of antibiotic therapy improves prognosis. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78254 USA. Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Pelletier, JPR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, MTLP STE1,2200 Bergquist Dr, San Antonio, TX 78254 USA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 124 IS 3 BP 353 EP 356 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 292AK UT WOS:000085771800003 PM 10705386 ER PT J AU Binder, LM Storzbach, D Campbell, KA Rohlman, DS Anger, WK Salinsky, MC Campbell, BR Mueller, R AF Binder, LM Storzbach, D Campbell, KA Rohlman, DS Anger, WK Salinsky, MC Campbell, BR Mueller, R TI Comparison of MMPI-2 profiles of Gulf War veterans with epileptic and nonepileptic seizure patients SO ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Gulf War unexplained illnesses; MMPI-2; epileptic seizures; nonepileptic seizures; somatoform disorders ID STRESS AB As part of a larger study of illnesses related to service in the Gulf War, MMPI-2 profiles of epileptic seizure (ES) patients; nonepileptic seizure (NES) patients; Gulf War veterans with unexplained cognitive, psychological, musculoskeletal, fatigue, or dermatologic symptoms; and asymptomatic Gulf War veterans (Controls) were analyzed. There were 70 people in each group. Seizure diagnosis was based upon intensive EEG monitoring. Gulf War cases were mildly abnormal on MMPI-2 Scales Hs and D and significantly higher than controls on 8 of 10 MMPI-2 clinical scales, but they were significantly lower than NES patients on several scales including Hs and Hy. C1 Portland Environm Res Ctr, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Binder, LM (reprint author), 4900 SW Griffith Dr,Suite 244, Beaverton, OR 97005 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1073-1911 J9 ASSESSMENT JI Assessment PD MAR PY 2000 VL 7 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1177/107319110000700106 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 531YP UT WOS:000174445100006 PM 10668007 ER PT J AU Doman, DB Anderson, MR AF Doman, DB Anderson, MR TI A fixed-order optimal control model of human operator response SO AUTOMATICA LA English DT Article DE man/machine systems; optimal control; manual control; order reduction; optimal projection AB Human operator models developed using optimal control theory are typically complicated and over-parameterized, even for simple controlled elements. The optimal projection (OP) synthesis technique is applied to a modified version of the optimal control model (OCM) of human operator dynamics. The result is a generalized formulation of a fixed-order modified optimal control model (FOMOCM) of the human operator and a computer algorithm that generates a FOMOCM when one exists. The FOMOCM forms a much needed bridge between high-order OCMs and traditional classical models. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Doman, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-1098 J9 AUTOMATICA JI Automatica PD MAR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 3 BP 409 EP 418 DI 10.1016/S0005-1098(99)00161-2 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 282GF UT WOS:000085209200006 ER PT J AU Reeves, GI AF Reeves, GI TI Review of extensive workups of 34 patients overexposed to radiofrequency radiation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace-Medical-Association CY MAY 08, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Aerosp Med Assoc DE occupational accidents; routine diagnostic tests; occupational exposure; occupational health; physical examination; non-ionizing radiation ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; MICROWAVE-RADIATION; RADAR AB Background: The medical records of 34 patients seen at the Aerospace Medicine Directorate, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory for confirmed exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exceeding the permitted exposure limits were reviewed to see if RFR overexposure created any detectable clinical or laboratory alterations that could be correlated with power density or the product of power density and time exposed. The goal of this study was to determine which physiological and laboratory parameters required closest attention on work up of future patients with RFR exposure. Methods: All 34 patients received an extensive history and physical examination, and a large battery of laboratory studies. Clinical findings were also compared with laboratory results. Results: A sensation of warmth was positively associated with power density. A negative correlation was observed between an abnormal tissue destruction screen and power density. Sophisticated neurological tests in 23 patients and extensive psychometric and psychological exams in 30 patients revealed no neurological or ophthalmologic findings attributable to RFR. A few patients reported burning pain that resolved over several weeks; neurological findings were minimal or absent. Conclusions: Patients with suspected RFR overexposures need to be seen promptly at the nearest medical facility. Based on this study, an extensive evaluation of persons overexposed to non-ionizing radiation should nor be routinely performed. However, a careful history and physical examination with laboratory studies as indicated should be performed and the patient's concerns about RFR effects addressed fully. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Reeves, GI (reprint author), Med Ambassadors Int, POB 576645, Modesto, CA 95357 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 71 IS 3 BP 206 EP 215 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 288UZ UT WOS:000085584000002 PM 10716164 ER PT J AU Gee, MR AF Gee, MR TI Dermatologic disease: Twenty-two year experience at the USAF aeromedical consultation service and review of other military and civilian experiences SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aerospace medicine; military medicine; dermatologic; skin; incidence; prevalence; epidemiology; prognosis; disability evaluation; risk ID BRITISH TROOPS; GULF WAR; OPERATION AB The Aeromedical Consultation Service (ACS) is a U.S. Air Force tertiary referral service which evaluates aviators with complex medical problems and makes recommendations for their aeromedical disposition. This study reports the Experience with dermatologic disease in aviators referred to the ACS over a 22-yr period from 1975-1997. A review of other military and civilian experiences with dermatologic disease is also presented. The potential impact of skin disease on aviators and support personnel, in peacetime and wartime can be surmised by this collective account of dermatologic experiences. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Aeromed Consultat Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Gee, MR (reprint author), 12701 West Ave,1524, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 71 IS 3 BP 230 EP 237 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 288UZ UT WOS:000085584000005 PM 10716167 ER PT J AU Gee, MR Pickard, JS AF Gee, MR Pickard, JS TI Aeromedical decision-making for aviators with malignant melanoma: An update and review SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE aerospace medicine; melanoma; prognosis; disability evaluation; decision support techniques; metastasis; brain neoplasms ID STAGE-III MELANOMA; NERVOUS-SYSTEM METASTASES; DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; LONG-TERM; LOCAL RECURRENCE; MULTIFACTORIAL ANALYSIS; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; NODAL METASTASES AB A review of the recent medical literature on malignant melanoma yielded sufficient information to correlate readily identifiable tumor characteristics to disease-free intervals, and in turn to subsequent risk or cerebral metastasis and neurologic incapacitation. These data were used to construct a new decision table to help guide flight surgeons considering a flying waiver for aviators with a history of melanoma. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Aeromed Consultat Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Gee, MR (reprint author), 12701 West Ave,1524, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 71 IS 3 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 288UZ UT WOS:000085584000007 PM 10716169 ER PT J AU Mazzuchi, JF Claypool, RG Hyams, KC Trump, D Riddle, J Patterson, RE Bailey, S AF Mazzuchi, JF Claypool, RG Hyams, KC Trump, D Riddle, J Patterson, RE Bailey, S TI Protecting the health of US military forces: A national obligation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE anthrax vaccination; biological warfare; Gulf War; health policy; military medicine; veterans ID PERSIAN-GULF-WAR; VETERANS; ANTHRAX; MORTALITY C1 US Dept Def, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20305 USA. RP Riddle, J (reprint author), USAF, BSC, Skyline 5,Suite 810 Mail,5111 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 71 IS 3 BP 260 EP 265 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 288UZ UT WOS:000085584000010 PM 10716172 ER PT J AU Pinto, LA Blazevic, V Shearer, GM Patterson, BK Dolan, MJ AF Pinto, LA Blazevic, V Shearer, GM Patterson, BK Dolan, MJ TI Alloantigen-induced anti-HIV activity occurs prior to reverse transcription and can be generated by leukocytes from HIV-infected individuals SO BLOOD LA English DT Letter ID CELLS; CD28 C1 NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Lab Viral Pathogenesis, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Pinto, LA (reprint author), NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1875 EP 1876 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 288LR UT WOS:000085564700049 PM 10744387 ER PT J AU Moppin, MG Kerwin, SC AF Moppin, MG Kerwin, SC TI Evaluation of medetomidine hydrochloride, butorphanol tartrate, and glycopyrrolate in six military working dogs for short-term anesthesia SO CANINE PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID SEDATION AB Military working dogs undergo sedation or anaesthesia several times per year. As service dogs work longer, more geriatric, but healthy, dogs are seen in military clinics. this makes it necessary to use a protocol that allows quick induction and recovery, good control of plane of anesthesia, and low risk of adverse side effects. A protocol of medetomidine, butorphanol, and glycopyrrolate was evaluated in six healthy military working dogs, with a mean age of 9 years (median, 10 years). This protocol proved to be a very good option for short-term anesthesia in relatively low pain procedures. This same protocol would also be useful in civilian clinics that deal with large coallon aggressive animals. C1 US Army Vet Corps, Patrick AFB Vet Treatment Facil, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Moppin, MG (reprint author), US Army Vet Corps, Patrick AFB Vet Treatment Facil, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY PRACTICE PUBL CO PI IRVINE PA 3 BURROUGHSDR, IRVINE, CA 92618-2804 USA SN 0094-4904 J9 CANINE PRACT JI Canine Pract. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 293ZL UT WOS:000085885200002 ER PT J AU Shih, WJ Bachorik, PS Haga, JA Myers, GL Stein, EA AF Shih, WJ Bachorik, PS Haga, JA Myers, GL Stein, EA TI Estimating the long-term effects of storage at-70 degrees C on cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol measurements in stored sera SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; COMMERCIAL IMMUNOTURBIDIMETRIC ASSAY; BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY; ANALYTIC COMPONENTS; CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; REFERENCE INTERVALS; UNITED-STATES; HEART-DISEASE AB We estimated the effects of long-term storage at -70 degrees C on serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in specimens that had been stored for up to 7 years. These estimates were made using measurements in serial specimens collected from the placebo control group of the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study over a period of similar to 5 years. We compared the group means for pairs of serial specimens taken at 6- and 12-month intervals, assuming that (a) a negligible placebo effect occurred between the serial specimen pairs; (b) in the absence of storage effects, the variation in the group means would reflect only normal biological variation and would not materially affect the group means for the serial specimens; (c) any systematic changes in these group means would reflect storage-related changes; and (d) storage-related changes are cumulative, i.e., the overall changes for a given storage period are the sum of the changes during previous storage periods. We observed average decreases of 2.0% per year for total cholesterol over 7 years and 2.8% per year in triglycerides for the first 5 years. HDL-cholesterol decreased by 1.3% per year, but this change was not statistically significant. This approach may be useful for estimating storage-related changes for studies in specimens stored for a period of years and for which stability data may not be available. (C) 2000 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Med Res Labs, Highland Heights, KY 41076 USA. RP Bachorik, PS (reprint author), Care Of Bartholomew D, 11 Fox Run Rd, Falmouth, ME 04105 USA. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 46 IS 3 BP 351 EP 364 PG 14 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 293JM UT WOS:000085848400007 PM 10702522 ER PT J AU Bryan, MG Elston, DM Hivnor, C Honl, BA AF Bryan, MG Elston, DM Hivnor, C Honl, BA TI Phaeohyphomycosis in a premature infant SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID PHEOHYPHOMYCOSIS AB We present a case of a premature infant who developed a cutaneous infection with a pigmented fungus that subsequently spread systemically. We discuss the diagnosis and management of this difficult condition. Fungal culture is slow and sensitivity testing is technically difficult. Often, therapy must be initiated based on the histologic appearance of the fungus. C1 USAF, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USA, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Bryan, MG (reprint author), USAF, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD MAR PY 2000 VL 65 IS 3 BP 137 EP 140 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 294QR UT WOS:000085922300004 PM 10738632 ER PT J AU Schwab, RA Elston, DM AF Schwab, RA Elston, DM TI Topical imiquimod for recalcitrant facial flat warts SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID PAPILLOMAVIRUS AB Imiquimod is a unique topical therapeutic agent useful in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts (condyloma acuminata) in adults. The authors report a case of a 21-year-old woman who experienced complete clearance of recalcitrant facial flat warts after 3 weeks of therapy with topical imiquimod 5% cream. C1 USAF, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Schwab, RA (reprint author), USAF, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 9 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD MAR PY 2000 VL 65 IS 3 BP 160 EP 162 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 294QR UT WOS:000085922300008 PM 10738635 ER PT J AU Byrd, LW Haney, MA AF Byrd, LW Haney, MA TI Thermoelastic stress analysis applied to fully reversed bending fatigue SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE thermoelastic stress; differential thermography; fully reversed bending; cantilever beam; fatigue AB The thermoelastic effect has been used to study stress distributions in a number of in-plane loading problems. Analysis of the temperature distribution has been largely limited to isotropic one-dimensional approximations with heat transfer through the thickness of the specimen. In sonic fatigue, specimens undergo fully reversed bending with a stress gradient along the length of the specimen as well as through the thickness. This has also been modeled as a one-dimensional heat transfer problem with negligible heat transfer along the specimen length. The authors solve this as a two-dimensional problem for an isotropic material to determine the effect of heat transfer. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Byrd, LW (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 1 BP 10 EP 14 DI 10.1007/BF02327542 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 290FV UT WOS:000085666400003 ER PT J AU Tubbs, J AF Tubbs, J TI Air apparent SO FOREIGN POLICY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Woodbridge, VA USA. RP Tubbs, J (reprint author), USAF, Woodbridge, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT INTL PEACE PI WASHINGTON PA 2400 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 0015-7228 J9 FOREIGN POLICY JI Foreign Policy PD SPR PY 2000 IS 118 BP 197 EP 198 DI 10.2307/1149694 PG 2 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 294YX UT WOS:000085939400017 ER PT J AU Chi, PJ Russell, CT Musman, S Peterson, WK Le, G Angelopoulos, V Reeves, GD Moldwin, MB Chun, FK AF Chi, PJ Russell, CT Musman, S Peterson, WK Le, G Angelopoulos, V Reeves, GD Moldwin, MB Chun, FK TI Plasmaspheric depletion and refilling associated with the September 25, 1998 magnetic storm observed by ground magnetometers at L=2 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD LINES; RESONANCE; DENSITY AB The plasmaspheric mass density at L similar or equal to 2 was monitored by two IGPP/LANL ground magnetometer stations during the magnetic storm on September 25, 1998. Even at this low latitude the plasma density dropped significantly to similar or equal to 1/4 of the pre-storm value. The total electron content (TEC) inferred by GPS signals also shows a sizable decrease during the storm. The observations suggest that the convection caused by the strong electric field associated with the magnetic storm eroded the plasmasphere as low as L = 2, which is a much lower latitude than that expected from the estimated potential drop across the polar cap together with a simple model of the magnetospheric convection pattern. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NOAA, Geosci Res Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Lockheed Martin Space Sci Lab, Dept H111, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Chi, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Moldwin, Mark/F-8785-2011; Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; OI Moldwin, Mark/0000-0003-0954-1770; Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 14 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 5 BP 633 EP 636 DI 10.1029/1999GL010722 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 288YJ UT WOS:000085591800013 ER PT J AU Neubauer, JC AF Neubauer, JC TI Classifying spatial disorientation mishaps using different definitions - Analysis of five years of USAF Class A mishaps SO IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID STATES-AIR-FORCE; ACCIDENTS C1 USAF, Safety Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Neubauer, JC (reprint author), AFSC, SEFL, 9700 G Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0739-5175 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIOL JI IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 28 EP 34 DI 10.1109/51.827402 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Engineering; Medical Informatics GA 294TG UT WOS:000085926000007 PM 10738657 ER PT J AU Matthews, RSJ AF Matthews, RSJ TI The G-excess effect - Fighting the somatogravic illusion caused by changes in G-force SO IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 AFRL, HEPM, Spatial Disorientat Countermeasures Grp, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Matthews, RSJ (reprint author), AFRL, HEPM, Spatial Disorientat Countermeasures Grp, 2504 Gillingham Dr,Suite 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0739-5175 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIOL JI IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 56 EP 58 DI 10.1109/51.827406 PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Engineering; Medical Informatics GA 294TG UT WOS:000085926000011 PM 10738661 ER PT J AU Ercoline, W AF Ercoline, W TI The good, the bad, and the ugly of head-up displays - A significant advancement in aviation technology, the HUD also contributes to spatial disorientation SO IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEPM Veridian, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Ercoline, W (reprint author), AFRL, HEDO, TASC, 8315 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1162, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0739-5175 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIOL JI IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 66 EP 70 DI 10.1109/51.827408 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Engineering; Medical Informatics GA 294TG UT WOS:000085926000013 PM 10738663 ER PT J AU Previc, FH AF Previc, FH TI Neuropsychological guidelines for aircraft control stations - Applying knowledge of how humans interact in different portions of 3-D space SO IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID AUDITORY LOCALIZATION; HEAD; PERFORMANCE; DIRECTION; EYE; COORDINATION; ORIENTATION; MAPS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Flight Mot Effect Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), Litton TASC, 4241 Woodcock,Suite B-100, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM fred.previc@brooks.af.mil NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0739-5175 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIOL JI IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1109/51.827410 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Engineering; Medical Informatics GA 294TG UT WOS:000085926000015 PM 10738665 ER PT J AU Walpole, JN Donnelly, JP Missaggia, LJ Liau, ZL Chinn, SR Groves, SH Taylor, PJ Wright, MW AF Walpole, JN Donnelly, JP Missaggia, LJ Liau, ZL Chinn, SR Groves, SH Taylor, PJ Wright, MW TI Gaussian patterned contacts for improved beam stability of 1.55-mu m tapered lasers SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE contacts; optical device fabrication; optical fiber coupling; semiconductor lasers; stability ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; GAIN AB A Gaussian lateral current-injection profile is approximated by a quasi-random pattern of electrically conducting and insulating regions, This pattern is used for the p-type contact in a laser with a 2.1-mm-long tapered gain region and operating near 1.55-mu m wavelength. Lasers with improved stable single lateral modes are obtained with Strehl ratios up to 0.85 for current up to 4.0 A and output power over 1.0 W. Power over 0.5 W can be coupled into a single-mode optical fiber with a cylindrical microlens attached to the output facet to remove the astigmatism of the laser. C1 MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Walpole, JN (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 257 EP 259 DI 10.1109/68.826906 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 297DZ UT WOS:000086067700011 ER PT J AU Hurt, WD Ziriax, JM Mason, PA AF Hurt, WD Ziriax, JM Mason, PA TI Variability in EMF permittivity values: Implications for SAR calculations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE conductivity; dielectric values; dosimetry; finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD); Mie; radio frequency; radiation ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; TISSUES; MUSCLE AB Digital anatomical models of man and animals are available for use in numerical calculations to predict electromagnetic field (EMF)-induced specific absorption rate (SAR) values, To use these models, permittivity values are assigned to the various tissues for the EMF frequencies of interest, There is, as;ret, no consensus on what are the best permittivity data. This study analyzed the variability in published permittivity data and investigated the effects of permittivity values that are proportional on SAR calculations. Whole-sphere averaged and localized SAR values along the diameter of a 4-cm sphere are calculated for EMF exposures in the radio frequency range of I MHz to 1 GHz. When the dimensions of a sphere are small compared to the wavelength (i.e., wavelength inside the material is greater than ten times the dimensions of the object), the whole-sphere averaged SAR is inversely proportional to the permittivity of the material composing the sphere, However, the localized SAR values generally do not hare the same relation and, as a matter of fact, vary greatly depending on the location within the sphere, These results indicate that care must be taken in choosing the permittivity values used in calculating SAR values and some estimate of the dependence of the calculated SAR values on variability in permittivity should be determined. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Engn Inc, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. RP Hurt, WD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Bldg 1184,8308 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 3 BP 396 EP 401 DI 10.1109/10.827308 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 289PP UT WOS:000085631400014 PM 10743782 ER PT J AU Troy, D Dessouky, Y Hellstern, G Ma, MH Wang, ZM AF Troy, D Dessouky, Y Hellstern, G Ma, MH Wang, ZM TI Approaches to work cell programming language design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENT AB User-friendly work cell programming languages are needed for many flexible manufacturing system applications. This paper surveys representative languages and code generators and identifies design criteria for improved work cell programming languages. Two object-like languages developed to support programming of a small work cell are presented, The first, Cell Programming Language (CPL), is a traditional statement-oriented language that provides a simple and user-friendly model for programming a small work cell using object-like constructs. The second language, State-based Control Language (SBCL), is a state-based language using the same objects as CPL, but incorporating support for concurrency. Both languages focus on cell-level control. The languages are implemented in an interpreted (or virtual machine) environment that distinguishes them from most other control languages, which are based on machine language. C1 Miami Univ, Syst Anal Dept, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Comp Informat & Syst Engn, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. USAF, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. Sirsi Corp, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98188 USA. RP Troy, D (reprint author), Miami Univ, Syst Anal Dept, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0951-192X J9 INT J COMP INTEG M JI Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 80 EP 94 DI 10.1080/095119200129948 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 287DT UT WOS:000085490300002 ER PT J AU Birman, V Byrd, LW AF Birman, V Byrd, LW TI Application of thermography to detection of matrix cracks in transverse layers and yarns of ceramic matrix composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Letter AB An approach to the estimate of the surface temperature in ceramic matrix composites tested for matrix cracks using thermography is presented. The solution deals with the case of damage in transverse layers or yarns where matrix cracks are parallel to the general fiber direction. The method used to correlate the surface temperature to the density of matrix cracks utilizes the energy balance and yields an explicit expression for the surface temperature. C1 Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VAST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 102 IS 1 BP L21 EP L26 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 341FF UT WOS:000088579800009 ER PT J AU Knouse, SB Dansby, MR AF Knouse, SB Dansby, MR TI Recent diversity research at the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (DEOMI): 1992-1996 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZATIONS; PROPORTIONS; PERSPECTIVE; WOMEN AB This article presents three major recent research streams currently pursued at the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (DEOMI). The first involves equal opportunity climate research, which covers the development, use, and organizational correlates of the Military Equal Opportunity Climate Survey (MEOCS) and its variations. The second covers intercultural training research, which focuses on internal and external evaluations of DEOMI's equal opportunity training programs. The third entails research in military discipline: models of causative factors and the military justice process; and research on disparate discipline rates for African Americans and whites, sources of disparity, and possible solutions, This article ends with a discussion of future directions and implications for the military for these three areas of research. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Management, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Defence Equal Opportun Management Inst, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Knouse, SB (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Management, POB 43570, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0147-1767 J9 INT J INTERCULT REL JI Int. J. Intercult. Relat. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2 BP 203 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S0147-1767(99)00032-2 PG 23 WC Psychology, Social; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 311QG UT WOS:000086895200003 ER PT J AU Gormus, BJ Baskin, GB Xu, KY Ratterree, MS Martin, LN Mack, PA Bohm, RP Meyers, WM Walsh, GP AF Gormus, BJ Baskin, GB Xu, KY Ratterree, MS Martin, LN Mack, PA Bohm, RP Meyers, WM Walsh, GP TI Antileprosy protective vaccination of rhesus monkeys with BCG or BCG plus heat-killed Mycobacterium leprae: Immunologic observations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY AND OTHER MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; SOOTY MANGABEY MONKEYS; EXPERIMENTAL LEPROSY; RESPONSES; TRIAL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; CHILDREN AB Groups of rhesus monkeys were vaccinated and boosted with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) or BCG plus low-dose (LD) or high-dose (HD) heat-killed M. leprae (HKML), or were unvaccinated. Prior to and following vaccination-boosting and subsequent M. leprae (ML) challenge, these and unvaccinated, unchallenged control monkeys were observed longitudinally for approximately 3 years. Vaccination with BCG plus HKML initially stimulated significant in vitro blood mononuclear cell blastogenic responses to lepromin, which returned to baseline post boosting and post-live-ML-challenge, minimally reappearing significantly 2 years post-ML-challenge. Vaccination with BCG failed to stimulated positive blastogenic responses to lepromin before ML-challenge but small, marginally positive, intermittent responses were seen post-ML-challenge. Compared to the unvaccinated ML-challenged group, significant increases in the numbers of blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets and an increased CD4+:CD8+ ratio were observed in both BCG plus HKML-vaccinated, ML-challenged groups, but not in the BCG-only-vaccinated, ML-challenged group. CD4+CD29+ and CD4+CD45RA+ subset numbers increased significantly over time in only the BCG plus LD HKML-vaccinated, ML-challenged group. Compared to unvaccinated, ML-challenged groups, vaccination with BCG or BCG plus HKML followed by ML-challenge produced lower IgM:IgG antiphenolic glycolipLd-I (PGL-I) serum antibody ratios and protected rhesus monkeys from clinical leprosy, consistent with prior observations that low IgM:IgG anti-PGL-I responses correlated with resistance to and protection from leprosy. C1 Tulane Reg Primate Res Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Covington, LA 70433 USA. Tulane Reg Primate Res Ctr, Dept Pathol, Covington, LA 70433 USA. Tulane Reg Primate Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Covington, LA 70433 USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Amer Leprosy Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. RP Gormus, BJ (reprint author), Tulane Reg Primate Res Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 18703 3 Rivers Rd, Covington, LA 70433 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00164]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-19302] NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT JOURNAL LEPROSY PI GREENVILLE PA BUSINESS & CIRCULATION OFFICE, 1 ALM WAY, GREENVILLE, SC 29601-9999 USA SN 0148-916X J9 INT J LEPROSY JI Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 68 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 PG 13 WC Microbiology; Pathology; Tropical Medicine SC Microbiology; Pathology; Tropical Medicine GA 315PU UT WOS:000087122800005 PM 10834067 ER PT J AU Slobodnik, AJ Webster, RT AF Slobodnik, AJ Webster, RT TI Investigation of microstrip radial stub CAD models from 2 to 60 GHz SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE microstrip radial stub models; microstrip CAD models; computer-aided design model validation ID BEND DISCONTINUITY MODELS; EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION; SOFTWARE AB The accuracy of microstrip radial stub computer-aided design (CAD) models is investigated both experimentally and against electromagnetic simulations. A dual-resonator technique is used to eliminate confounding variables and to obtain accurate experimental data. This technique is extended beyond the earlier perturbation analysis applied to discontinuities to enable checking models that have significant electrical length. Model phase errors in excess of 16 degrees have been found for the microstrip radial stub. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Div Electromagnet Technol, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Webster, RT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Div Electromagnet Technol, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1096-4290 J9 INT J RF MICROW C E JI Int. J. RF Microw. Comput-Aid. Eng. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 10 IS 2 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-047X(200003)10:2<95::AID-MMCE2>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 287RV UT WOS:000085520600002 ER PT J AU Dean, DR AF Dean, DR TI Duchamp in context: Science and technology in the "Large Glass" and related works. SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dean, DR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD MAR PY 2000 VL 91 IS 1 BP 180 EP 182 DI 10.1086/384686 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 324UD UT WOS:000087639000065 ER PT J AU Muenger, EA AF Muenger, EA TI The magnificent Moisants: Champions of early flight. SO ISIS LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Dept English, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Muenger, EA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept English, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0021-1753 J9 ISIS JI Isis PD MAR PY 2000 VL 91 IS 1 BP 180 EP 180 DI 10.1086/384685 PG 1 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 324UD UT WOS:000087639000064 ER PT J AU Martin, R Evans, D AF Martin, R Evans, D TI Reducing costs in aircraft: The metals affordability initiative consortium SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Boehing Phantom Works, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Martin, R (reprint author), Boehing Phantom Works, MC 276-1240,POB 516, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 52 IS 3 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s11837-000-0096-y PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 293YP UT WOS:000085883100006 ER PT J AU Wolfe, HF Camden, MP Byrd, LW Paul, DB Simmons, LW Kim, RY AF Wolfe, HF Camden, MP Byrd, LW Paul, DB Simmons, LW Kim, RY TI Failure criteria development for dynamic high-cycle fatigue of ceramic matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th AIAA Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 20-23, 1998 CL LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP AIAA AB Acoustic fatigue in aircraft is typically characterized by random, high-frequency excitation that results in fully reversed bending in panels. Because of the expense of testing panels in an acoustic environment, traditional methods have first tested small cantilevered coupons on electrodynamic shakers to determine the strain vs number of cycles to failure behavior. A number of variables have been studied to provide failure criteria for the specimens. Developing criteria are examined for a relatively new class of materials, ceramic matrix composites, which are characterized by having a brittle matrix, which has a stiffness that is a significant fraction of the fiber value. Also discussed are experimental techniques that reduce the scatter associated with such data. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Wolfe, HF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 37 IS 2 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.2514/2.2596 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 302YP UT WOS:000086394300017 ER PT J AU Pokines, JT AF Pokines, JT TI Microfaunal research design in the Cantabrian Spanish Paleolithic SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPAIN; RECOVERY; CAVE AB Changing levels of paleoenvironmental inference are detailed for the site of El Juyo, a Cantabrian Spanish Lower Magdalenian cave site occupied c. 14,000 B.P. The succession of these changes represents stages in the history of Cantabrian Spanish Paleolithic microfaunal investigations as a whole. These stages are divided by component of overall microfaunal recovery: mapped, coarse screen, and fine screen. Inference has progressed from the initial stage early this century of the fortuitous collection of indicator species, represented by microfauna detected and mapped during excavation of El Juyo. Coarse screening leads to significant microfaunal recovery. This level of inference is analogous to a middle stage in the history of microfaunal research in the Cantabrian Spanish Paleolithic. The addition of microfauna derived from fine screening of El Juyo deposits represents maximal recovery and a new stage in the history of microfaunal investigations. This level of recovery allows taphonomic determination of the primary agency of microfaunal accumulation close estimation of the surrounding habitat types, and new inferences concerning season of habitation and small faunal exploitation. C1 Field Museum, Div Mammals, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Pokines, JT (reprint author), Field Museum, Div Mammals, Roosevelt Rd & Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. OI Pokines, James/0000-0002-0406-420X NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA DEPT ANTHROPOLOGY, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1561 USA SN 0091-7710 J9 J ANTHROPOL RES JI J. Anthropol. Res. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 56 IS 1 BP 95 EP 112 PG 18 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 302KM UT WOS:000086364300008 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Singh, A Cardimona, DA AF Huang, DH Singh, A Cardimona, DA TI Change of microscopic tunneling on a macroscopic time scale: Current surge model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED DETECTORS; ELECTRON AB The current surge model is proposed to calculate the tunneling current in multiple quantum well structures in the presence of a slow time-dependent electric field. The microscopic origin of a zero-bias residual current observed and reported previously [A. Singh and D. A. Cardimona, Opt. Eng. (Bellingham) 38, 1424 (1999)] is explored. The mystery of the observation of a microscopic tunneling change on a macroscopic time scale is uncovered, and an involvement of a very slow physical process is shown. Some new features, such as a current "ripple," a current instability, a current hysteresis, and a current "arch," are predicted and confirmed experimentally. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)01205-6]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 426, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 5 BP 2427 EP 2430 DI 10.1063/1.372196 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 287WK UT WOS:000085529500058 ER PT J AU Shelton, JB Frank, IN AF Shelton, JB Frank, IN TI Splenic B cell lymphoma with lymphocyte clusters in peripheral blood smears SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EDTA; leucoagglutination; lymphocytes; lymphoma ID AGGREGATION; ACID; LEUKOCYTES; LEUKEMIA AB EDTA induced clumping of lymphoid cells, both benign and malignant, in peripheral blood samples has been reported only rarely. Such clustering presents the laboratory and pathologist with unique difficulties in the accurate diagnosis of these disorders. A case of low grade B cell splenic lymphoma is presented with lymphocyte clumping in smears made from EDTA anticoagulated peripheral blood, the fourth case described in which neoplastic lymphoid cells form clusters in vitro in peripheral blood. The association with splenic lymphomas (three of the four cases) is intriguing but its significance remains uncertain. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Shelton, JB (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, FS, 59 MDW MTLP,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0021-9746 J9 J CLIN PATHOL JI J. Clin. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 53 IS 3 BP 228 EP 230 DI 10.1136/jcp.53.3.228 PG 3 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 294DA UT WOS:000085894700013 PM 10823144 ER PT J AU Corbin, NS Teichman, JMH Nguyen, T Glickman, RD Rihbany, L Pearle, MS Bishoff, JT AF Corbin, NS Teichman, JMH Nguyen, T Glickman, RD Rihbany, L Pearle, MS Bishoff, JT TI Laser lithotripsy and cyanide SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOLMIUM-YAG LITHOTRIPSY; URIC-ACID CALCULI; FRAGMENTATION PROCESS AB Background and Purpose: Holmium:YAG lithotripsy of uric acid calculi produces cyanide. The laser and stone parameters required to produce cyanide are poorly defined. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that cyanide production: (1) varies with holmium:YAG power settings; (2) varies among holmium:YAG, pulsed-dye, and alexandrite lasers; and (3) occurs during holmium:YAG lithotripsy of all purine calculi. Materials and Methods: Holmium:YAG lithotripsy of uric acid calculi was done using various optical fiber diameters (272-940 mu m) and pulse energies (0.5-1.5 J) for constant irradiation (0.25 kJ). Fragmentation and cyanide were quantified. Cyanide values were divided by fragmentation values, and fragment sizes were characterized. To test the second hypothesis, uric acid calculi were irradiated with Ho:YAG, pulsed-dye, and alexandrite lasers. Fragmentation and cyanide were measured, and cyanide per fragmentation was calculated. Fragment sizes were characterized. Finally, Ho:YAG lithotripsy (0.25 kJ) of purine and nonpurine calculi was done, and cyanide production was measured. Results: Fragmentation increased as pulse energy increased for the 550- and 940-mu m optical fibers (P < 0.05). Cyanide increased as pulse energy increased for all optical fibers (P < 0.002). Cyanide per fragmentation increased as pulse energy increased for the 272-mu m optical fiber (P = 0.03). Fragment size increased as pulse energy increased for the 272-mu m, 550-mu m, and 940-mu m optical fibers (P < 0.001). The mean cyanide production from 0.25 kJ of optical energy was Ho:YAG laser 106 mu g, pulsed-dye 55 mu m, and alexandrite 1 mu g (P < 0.001). The mean cyanide normalized for fragmentation (mu g/mg) was 1.18, 0.85, and 0.02, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean fragment size was 0.6, 1.1, and 1.9 mm, respectively (P < 0.001). After 0.25 kJ, the mean amount of cyanide produced was monosodium urate stones 85 mu g, uric acid 78 mu g, xanthine 17 mu g, ammonium acid urate 16 mu g, calcium phosphate 8 mu g, cystine 7 mu g, and struvite 4 mu g (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Cyanide production varies with Ho:YAG pulse energy. To minimize cyanide and fragment size, Ho:YAG lasertripsy is best done at a pulse energy less than or equal to 1.0 J. Cyanide production from laser lithotripsy of uric acid calculi varies among Ho:YAG, pulsed-dye, and alexandrite lasers and is related to pulse duration. Cyanide is produced by Ho:YAG lasertripsy of all purine calculi. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. US FDA, Winchester, MA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Div Urol, Dallas, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Teichman, JMH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. OI Bush, Nicol/0000-0002-9887-3680 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 14 IS 2 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1089/end.2000.14.169 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 299YG UT WOS:000086225600010 PM 10772510 ER PT J AU Crowley, G Ridley, AJ Deist, D Wing, S Knipp, DJ Emery, BA Foster, J Heelis, R Hairston, M Reinisch, BW AF Crowley, G Ridley, AJ Deist, D Wing, S Knipp, DJ Emery, BA Foster, J Heelis, R Hairston, M Reinisch, BW TI Transformation of high-latitude ionospheric F region patches into blobs during the March 21, 1990, storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAPPING ELECTRODYNAMIC FEATURES; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; INCOHERENT-SCATTER RADAR; TIME-VARYING CONVECTION; POLAR-CAP; AURORAL-ZONE; IONIZATION ENHANCEMENTS; LOCALIZED OBSERVATIONS; IRREGULARITIES AB Discrete F region electron density enhancements of a factor of 2 or more have been observed in the high-latitude ionosphere, These enhancements have been termed patches if they occur within the polar cap and blobs if they occur outside of the polar cap, It is important to understand the formation and evolution of these structures because they are associated with large phase and amplitude scintillation in transionospheric radio signals. Blobs are generally thought to result from the breakup of patches as they exit the polar cap; however, this process has not previously been observed. Detailed study of high-latitude ionospheric plasma transport is generally difficult because of the sparseness (spatial and temporal) of electron density and velocity observations. In this paper, we present electron density enhancements measured from the Qaanaaq Digisonde, the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar, and the DMSP F8 satellite during a 5-hour interval of the March 21, 1990, storm period and show definitively how a patch is transformed into a blob. We present a new trajectory analysis package that is capable of using ionospheric convection patterns to determine the motion of ionospheric plasma over a period of several hours. The new package uses convection patterns from the Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) technique to track the motion of observed patches from one site to another and thus determines where the measured electron density enhancements originated and where they went after being observed. The trajectory analysis also establishes that there is a direct connection between the enhancements observed by the different instruments at different locations. In this case, within similar to 4 hours, plasma observed by a Digisonde near the pole is convected through 35 degrees of latitude to the northeastern United States, where it is observed by the Millstone Hill radar, then roughly equal portions are transported westward to Alaska and eastward to Scandinavia where they are observed by the DMSP satellite. This study demonstrates that the changing convection pattern can significantly distort the patch shape and trajectory, and illustrates the high degree of mixing ofionospheric plasma by convection. The changing convection pattern leads to the simultaneous existence of a boundary blob and a subauroral blob which are both observed by the Millstone Hill radar. This work is very relevant to our future ability to specify and forecast ionospheric conditions at high latitudes. It represents a critical step from a merely qualitative ability to model the evolution of patches and blobs to a quantitative ability. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. ITT Syst, Colorado Springs, CO 80916 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Amospher Res, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Crowley, G (reprint author), SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. RI Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; OI Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 NR 38 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A3 BP 5215 EP 5230 DI 10.1029/1999JA900357 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 288TY UT WOS:000085581600013 ER PT J AU Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Pfaff, RF Weber, EJ Ober, DM Weimer, DR Moen, J Milan, S Maseide, K Sandholt, PE Egeland, A Soraas, F Lepping, R Bounds, S Acuna, MH Freudenreich, H Machuzak, JS Gentile, LC Clemmons, JH Lester, M Ning, P Hardy, DA Holtet, JA Stadsnes, J van Eyken, T AF Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Pfaff, RF Weber, EJ Ober, DM Weimer, DR Moen, J Milan, S Maseide, K Sandholt, PE Egeland, A Soraas, F Lepping, R Bounds, S Acuna, MH Freudenreich, H Machuzak, JS Gentile, LC Clemmons, JH Lester, M Ning, P Hardy, DA Holtet, JA Stadsnes, J van Eyken, T TI Driving dayside convection with northward IMF: Observations by a sounding rocket launched from Svalbard SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; ION CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CUSP AURORA; MAGNETOSPHERE; MODEL; PLASMA; RECONNECTION; SOUTHWARD AB The first sounding rocket flight into the dayside cusp with dark ground and northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions was launched from the new SvalRak range at Ny-Alesund in the Svalbard archipelago in early December 1997. Extensive ground observations of auroral emissions and radar backscatter provided contexts for in situ rocket measurements. Real-time interplanetary measurements from the Wind satellite aided launch selection with foreknowledge of impending conditions. NASA rocket flight 36.153 was launched near local magnetic noon while the IMF was dominated by positive B(X) and had lesser northward B(Z) and negative B(Y) components. The rocket's westward trajectory carried it toward auroral forms associated with morningside boundary layers. The rich set of vector de electric and magnetic fields, energetic particles, thermal plasma, plasma waves, and optical emissions gathered by the rocket reveal a complex electrodynamic picture of the cusp/boundary-layer region. Four factors were important in separating temporal and spatial effects: (1) Near the winter solstice the Earth's north magnetic pole tilts away from the Sun, (2) at the UT of the flight the dipole axis was rotated toward dawn, (3) the variability of solar wind driving was low, and (4) B(X) was the dominant IMF component. We conclude that no signatures of dayside merging in the Northern Hemisphere were detected in either the rocket or ground sensors. Electric field variations in the interplanetary medium directly correlate with those observed by the sounding rocket, with significantly shorter lag times than estimated for simple propagation between Wind and the ionosphere. The correlation requires that the observed Northern Hemisphere convection structures were stirred in part by merging of the IMF with closed field lines in the Southern Hemisphere, thereby adding open flux to the northern polar cap. Subsequent motions of adiaroic polar cap boundaries were detected in the rocket electric field measurements. The observations indicate that IMF B(X) significantly affected the location and timing of merging interactions. C1 Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Courses Svalbard, N-9170 Longyearbyen, Norway. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Keo Consultants, Brookline, MA 02445 USA. Svalbard European Incoherent Scatter Radar, N-9170 Longyearbyen, Norway. RP Maynard, NC (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, 1 Tara Blvd,Suite 302, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. EM nmaynard@mrcnh.com RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715; Clemmons, James/0000-0002-5298-5222 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A3 BP 5245 EP 5263 DI 10.1029/1999JA900462 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 288TY UT WOS:000085581600015 ER PT J AU Whalen, JA AF Whalen, JA TI An equatorial bubble: Its evolution observed in relation to bottomside spread F and to the Appleton anomaly SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; BACKSCATTER PLUMES; ELECTRIC-FIELD; PLASMA DRIFTS; REGION; IRREGULARITIES; LAYER; DEPLETIONS; IONOSPHERE; IONOSONDE AB This is a case study that undertakes the first comprehensive description of the concurrent evolutions of an isolated equatorial bubble, bottomside spread F (BSSF), and the enhanced Appleton anomaly. A principal focus is the dynamics of the intersection of the bubble with the anomaly crest which is the source of maximum scintillation on transionospheric RF propagation. Conditions are equinox at solar maximum. Measurements were by an array of eight ionospheric sounders in the Western Hemisphere with a collective field of view extending along the dip equator for about 1600 km and to 40 degrees north dip latitude that resolved rapid changes in the phenomena yet encompassed their extent and duration. Viewed locally, the bubble was triggered by an upwelling of the bottomside F layer during E x B upward drift that accelerated upward for 15-20 min before the onset of irregularities seen as range spread F (RSF). Viewed macroscopically, this onset was part of continuous front of RSF onset that coincided with E x B reversal and moved westward at the velocity of the terminator so as to remain at 1920 LT, to the east of the bubble as BSSF; within the bubble during the upwelling of the bottomside crest; at the west wall of the bubble at the onset of its eastward drift; and west of the bubble as BSSF. The bubble drifted eastward at 185 m/s and rose upward at less than or equal to 190 m/s intersecting the maximum of the anomaly crest at 2100 LT, 95 min after hubble onset. During this entire period the bubble was in continuous contact with the anomaly profile which was simultaneously increasing but as a function of LT. Thus the intersection was a function of the upward and eastward velocities of the bubble and the westward motion of the anomaly at the velocity of the terminator. The time and place of the intersection is thus dependent on the entire sequence of events and on the differing dependences on UT and LT, and since each can vary, the time and place of maximum scintillation is highly variable. In light of this variability, observations at least as comprehensive as those reported here appear to be necessary to describe the region adequately and therefore to study it further. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Phys Modelling Branch,VSBP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Whalen, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Phys Modelling Branch,VSBP, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A3 BP 5303 EP 5315 DI 10.1029/1999JA900441 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 288TY UT WOS:000085581600019 ER PT J AU Smith, LR Hale, DW Greenbaum, IF AF Smith, LR Hale, DW Greenbaum, IF TI Systematic implications of chromosomal data from two insular species of Peromyscus from the Gulf of California SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; GENUS PEROMYSCUS; BIOCHEMICAL POLYMORPHISM; DEER MICE; MANICULATUS; POPULATIONS; RODENTIA; CRICETIDAE; OREAS; DIFFERENTIATION C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF Acad, HQ DFB, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Greenbaum, IF (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 27014] NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 91 IS 2 BP 162 EP 165 DI 10.1093/jhered/91.2.162 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 290LG UT WOS:000085677300015 PM 10768134 ER PT J AU Birx, DL Loomis-Price, LD Aronson, N Brundage, J Davis, C Deyton, L Garner, R Gordin, F Henry, D Holloway, W Kerkering, T Luskin-Hawk, R McNeil, J Michael, N Pierce, PF Poretz, D Ratto-Kim, S Renzullo, P Ruiz, N Sitz, K Smith, G Tacket, C Thompson, M Tramont, E Yangco, B Yarrish, R Redfield, RR AF Birx, DL Loomis-Price, LD Aronson, N Brundage, J Davis, C Deyton, L Garner, R Gordin, F Henry, D Holloway, W Kerkering, T Luskin-Hawk, R McNeil, J Michael, N Pierce, PF Poretz, D Ratto-Kim, S Renzullo, P Ruiz, N Sitz, K Smith, G Tacket, C Thompson, M Tramont, E Yangco, B Yarrish, R Redfield, RR CA rgp160 Phase II Vaccine Investigat TI Efficacy testing of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp160 as a therapeutic vaccine in early-stage HIV-1-infected volunteers SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SEROPOSITIVE INDIVIDUALS; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; HUMORAL RESPONSES; DOUBLE-BLIND; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; AIDS; IMMUNOGENICITY; ENVELOPE AB A phase II efficacy trial was conducted with recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 (rgp160) in 608 HIV-infected, asymptomatic volunteers with CD4(+) cell counts >400 cells/mm(3). During a 5-year study, volunteers received a 6-shot primary series of immunizations with either rgp160 or placebo over 6 months, followed by booster immunizations every 2 months. Repeated vaccination with rgp160 was safe and persistently immunogenic. Adequate follow-up and acquisition of endpoints allowed for definitive interpretation of the trial results, There was no evidence that rgp160 has efficacy as a therapeutic vaccine in early-stage HIV infection, as measured at primary endpoints (50% decline in CD4(+) cell count or disease progression to Waiter Reed stage 4, 5, or 6) or secondary endpoints. A transient improvement was seen in the secondary CD4 endpoint for the vaccination compared with the placebo arm, but this did not translate into improved clinical outcome. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Med Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. VA Med Ctr, Washington Reg AIDS Program, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. Darnall Army Community Hosp, Ft Hood, TX USA. Grad Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA. Delaware CPCRA, Wilmington, DE USA. Richmond AIDS Consortium, Richmond, VA USA. Infect Dis Phys Inc, Annandale, VA USA. AIDS Res Alliance, Chicago, IL USA. Prot Sci Inc, Meriden, CT USA. AIDS Res Consortium, Atlanta, GA USA. Infect Dis Res Inst Inc, Tampa, FL USA. St Vincents Hosp & Med Ctr, New York, NY 10011 USA. RP Birx, DL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 13 Taft Ct,Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 51 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 181 IS 3 BP 881 EP 889 DI 10.1086/315308 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 302BE UT WOS:000086344400010 PM 10720508 ER PT J AU Huang, T Rahaman, MN Mah, TI Parthasarathay, TA AF Huang, T Rahaman, MN Mah, TI Parthasarathay, TA TI Effect of SiO2 and Y2O3 additives on the anisotropic grain growth of dense mullite SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOUGHENED SILICON-CARBIDE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; BISMUTH TITANATE; SHAPE FACTORS; CERAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURES; INDENTATION; FABRICATION AB Mullite powder with a nearly stoichiometric composition was doped with 1.5-5 wt% SiO2 or 0.5-1.0 wt% Y2O3 and hot pressed at 1525-1550 degrees C to produce almost fully dense materials. The effect of the additives on the grain growth of the dense systems was investigated during subsequent annealing at temperatures above that of the eutectic (similar to 1590 degrees C) for the SiO2-Al2O3 system. The average length and width of the grains were measured by image analysis of polished and etched sections. At 1750 degrees C, anisotropic grain growth was relatively rapid, leading to the formation of rodlike grains. Compared to the undoped mullite, the addition of SiO2 and Y2O3 produced a small reduction in the grain growth kinetics. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the glassy second phase was concentrated at the three-grain junctions or distributed inhomogeneously at the grain boundaries. For the materials annealed at 1750 degrees C, the indentation fracture toughness at room temperature increased from 2.0 to 2.5 MPa m(1/2) for the undoped mullite to values as high as 4.0-3.5 MPa m(1/2) for the doped mullite. The implications of the data for enhancing the fracture toughness of mullite by the in situ development of a microstructure of elongated grains are considered. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Ceram Engn, Rolla, MO USA. WL MLLN, Wright Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Huang, T (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Ceram Engn, Rolla, MO USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 15 IS 3 BP 718 EP 726 DI 10.1557/JMR.2000.0104 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 290VK UT WOS:000085698400019 ER PT J AU Edwards, RC Kiely, KD Eppley, BL AF Edwards, RC Kiely, KD Eppley, BL TI Resorbable fixation techniques for genioplasty SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PEDICLE AB Purpose: This study evaluated the capability and effectiveness of resorbable bone fixation devices in genioplasty surgery. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients underwent different genial movements that were stabilized with either 2.5-mm polylactic-polyglycolic acid lag screws or 2.0-mm polplactic-polyglycolic acid plates and screws. Results: Twenty-one anterior mandibular osteotomies were performed in 20 patients. Sixteen patients had advancement (80%), 2 had horizontal setback (10%), and 2 had vertical reduction (10%). The average advancement was 7.6 mm (range, 4 to 14 mm), the average horizontal setback was 6.0 mm (range, 4 to 8 mm), and the average vertical reduction was 7.0 mm (range, 5 to 9 mm). Fixation was done using the lag screw technique in 13 patients (65%) and plate and screw fixation in 7 patients. (35%) Intraoperative stability was satisfactory in all cases. There were no postoperative infections or segmental instability up to 6 months after surgery. Conclusion: Resorbable polylactic-polyglycolic acid lag screw and plate and screw fixation is a viable alternative for fixation of anterior horizontal osteotomies of the mandible. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Plast Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. 1st Med Grp, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Eppley, BL (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Plast Surg, 702 Barnhill Dr,3540, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 58 IS 3 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S0278-2391(00)90049-1 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 290BK UT WOS:000085656300006 PM 10716107 ER PT J AU Kernan, BT Wimsatt, JA AF Kernan, BT Wimsatt, JA TI Use of a stereolithography model for accurate, preoperative adaptation of a reconstruction plate SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Kernan, BT (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, 60 MG SGDDS,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 5 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 58 IS 3 BP 349 EP 351 DI 10.1016/S0278-2391(00)90071-5 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 290BK UT WOS:000085656300028 PM 10716123 ER PT J AU Ebrahimi, HB Levine, J Kawasaki, A AF Ebrahimi, HB Levine, J Kawasaki, A TI Numerical investigation of twin-nozzle rocket plume phenomenology SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The generalized implicit how solver (GIFS) computer program has been modified and applied for the analysis of three-dimensional reacting two-phase flow simulation problems. The intent of the original GIFS development effort was to provide the joint Army, Navy, NASA, Air Force community with a standard computational methodology to simulate the complete flowfield of propulsion systems including multiple nozzle/plume flowfield phenomena and other three-dimensional effects. The Van Leer flux splitting option has been successfully implemented into the existing GIFS model and provides a more robust solution scheme, making application of the model more reasonable for engineering applications. Significant results of several twin-nozzle/plume simulations using the GIFS code are reported. Eight simulations of Titan II plume flowfields have been completed to assess the effects of three dimensionality, turbulent viscosity, afterburning, near-field shock structure, finite rate kinetic chemistry, internozzle geometric spacing, nozzle exit plane profile, and missile body on the subsequent plume exhaust flowfield, The results of these calculations indicate that the viscous stress model; kinetic chemistry, particularly at lower altitudes; and nozzle exit profile may be important parameters that should be considered in the analyses and the interpretation of radar signature calculations. Three dimensionality is also an important influence, which can substantially influence the interpretation of the results. If three-dimensional effects are oversimplified in the model, analyses of the spatial results can be misinterpreted and misapplied. In addition, the missile body effect and internozzle geometric spacing influence the expansion shock reflection location that can significantly affect: the plume/plume impingement shock location, inviscid shock structure, and shear-layer growth. C1 Sverdrup Technol Inc, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Aerophys Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Sparta Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Ebrahimi, HB (reprint author), Sverdrup Technol Inc, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.2514/2.5572 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 295EV UT WOS:000085954500002 ER PT J AU Lindstedt, RP Maurice, LQ AF Lindstedt, RP Maurice, LQ TI Detailed chemical-kinetic model for aviation fuels SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID REACTION-MECHANISM; DIFFUSION FLAMES; COMBUSTION AB The introduction of detailed detailed chemical reaction mechanisms for aviation fuels into complex multidimensional fluid dynamics problems is not practical at the present time. Simplified reaction mechanisms that have been thoroughly evaluated must be developed to address specific issues arising in realistic combustor configurations. The latter should be firmly based on detailed mechanisms carefully evaluated against a wide range of experimental data. A detailed kinetic mechanism for hydrocarbon combustion is formulated to address the gas-phase chemistry of endothermic and conventional aviation fuels. Reaction paths are analysed for n-decane and kerosene premixed flames, and the ability of the mechanism to predict various premixed flame features is assessed by comparison with experimental species profiles. Finally, the level of success achieved by the present kinetic model in the context of practical problems is discussed. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2BX, England. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Fuels Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lindstedt, RP (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, Exhibit Rd, London SW7 2BX, England. OI Lindstedt, Rune/0000-0002-6176-2733 NR 29 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.2514/2.5582 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 295EV UT WOS:000085954500003 ER PT J AU Bowersox, RDW Tucker, KC Whitcomb, CD AF Bowersox, RDW Tucker, KC Whitcomb, CD TI Two-dimensional nonadiabatic injection into a supersonic freestream SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT-FLOW STRUCTURE; COMPRESSIBLE TURBULENCE; MIXING LAYER; BOUNDARY AB Turbulence and mean flow measurements were acquired downstream of a normal, supersonic (Mach 1.6), two-dimensional, slot injection into Mach 2.9 flow (Re/m = 16 x 10(6)). An adiabatic (Tt(i)/Tt(infinity) = 1.0) and two nonadiabatic injection cases (Tt(i)/Tt(infinity) = 1.11 and Tt(i)/Tt(infinity) = 0.93) were studied, Multiple-overheat cross-film anemometry and conventional mean flow probes, as well as instantaneous schlieren photography, were utilized to study the turbulent mixing layer. The mean how data included the pitot, cone-static, and Mach number profiles. The measured turbulence data included Reynolds shear stresses and turbulence intensities (mass flux and total temperature), The flow visualizations highlighted the physical phenomena of the, flow as well as the associated turbulent structure that existed in the mixing layer. The injection and wall temperature were found to have a strong influence on the near wall (the bottom-half of the mixing layer relative to the wall) mean and statistical turbulent flow properties. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bowersox, RDW (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.2514/2.5588 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 295EV UT WOS:000085954500009 ER PT J AU Aguero, VM Gilchrist, BE Williams, SD Burke, WJ Krause, L Gentile, LC AF Aguero, VM Gilchrist, BE Williams, SD Burke, WJ Krause, L Gentile, LC TI Current collection model characterizing shuttle charging during the tethered satellite system missions SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; RETURN ELECTRON EXPERIMENT; LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; ELECTRODYNAMIC TETHER; TSS-1R MISSION; SPACECRAFT; PROBE AB This research presents a new mathematical model characterizing the negative potential electrical charging behavior of large spacecraft in low Earth orbit that are actively collecting charge, such as part of an electrodynamic tether system. The analysis was carried out to identify significant plasma current sources affecting steady-state spacecraft charging using data from the tethered satellite system missions. During both tethered satellite missions (Aug. 1992 and Feb. 1996), Space Shuttle Orbiter charging was lower than expected, The current collected by the Orbiter greatly exceeded premission predictions based on thin sheath, ram-dominated current collection, Our investigation revealed that the tethered satellite deployer boom was conducting and was grounded to the Orbiter providing a significant current path from the plasma. Modeling results suggest that the plasma sheath significantly augmented the ram current collected by the main engine nozzles and the satellite deployer boom by expanding the effective current collecting area. C1 SRI Int, Appl Electromagnet Lab, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Michigan, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Aguero, VM (reprint author), SRI Int, Appl Electromagnet Lab, MS 408-85,333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 37 IS 2 BP 212 EP 217 DI 10.2514/2.3568 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 302XC UT WOS:000086390900009 ER PT J AU Mueller, J Mueller, K AF Mueller, J Mueller, K TI The methodology of mass destruction: Assessing threats in the New World Order SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Review AB The label, 'weapons of mass destruction' has lately been applied not only to nuclear weapons, but, often on a seemingly equal footing, to arms that have thus far killed scarcely anyone (biological weapons), to arms that are vastly less effective (chemical weapons), and to costly and often ineffectual delivery devices (ballistic missiles). Meanwhile, in a thus-far futile effort to drive out, and essentially kill, its leader, economic sanctions have probably already taken the lives of more people in Iraq than have been killed by all weapons of mass destruction in history. A reassessment of economic warfare and of the limited dangers posed by 'rogue states' is overdue. For Iraq, deterrence and containment are preferable. C1 Univ Rochester, New York, NY 14627 USA. USAF, Sch Adv Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Mueller, J (reprint author), Univ Rochester, New York, NY 14627 USA. NR 105 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 163 EP + DI 10.1080/01402390008437782 PG 27 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 336HC UT WOS:000088295000008 ER PT J AU Roybal, R Tlomak, P Stein, C Stokes, PH AF Roybal, R Tlomak, P Stein, C Stokes, PH TI Simulated space debris impact experiments on toughened laminated thin solar cell cover glass SO JOURNAL OF THE IEST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Space Simulation Conference on the Changing Testing Paradigm CY OCT 27-29, 1998 CL ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND DE debris; impact; hypervelocity; contamination; solar cell AB Increasing demands on the design criteria of spacecraft components have driven efforts to develop advanced space debris ground simulation techniques suitable to be incorporated into a space environmental effects chamber. A laser-driven flyer method suitable in such a chamber was used to conduct an initial investigation of space debris impact on a new toughened solar cell coverglass material. Damage characteristics, including mechanical damage and contamination generated by impact with a 3-mm diameter, 3-mu m thick aluminum particle accelerated to 4.5 km/sec, were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and spectrophotometry were used to measure the mechanical damage and the loss of solar transmission. Because of the limited number of impact tests made in this initial study, a quantitative analysis was not possible. However, much insight was obtained from the observed damage. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSE Kirkland AFB, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. Def Res Agcy, Dept Space, Space Debris Grp, Farnborough, Hants, England. RP Roybal, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSE Kirkland AFB, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCI TECHNOLOGY PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA SN 1098-4321 J9 J IEST JI J. IEST PD SPR PY 2000 VL 43 IS 2 BP 32 EP 37 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 326FT UT WOS:000087722600008 ER PT J AU Keenan, HT Thiagarajan, R Stephens, KE Williams, G Ramamoorthy, C Lupinetti, FM AF Keenan, HT Thiagarajan, R Stephens, KE Williams, G Ramamoorthy, C Lupinetti, FM TI Pulmonary function after modified venovenous ultrafiltration in infants: A prospective, randomized trial SO JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID OPEN-HEART-SURGERY; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; OPERATIONS AB Objective: We sought to examine the effects of modified venovenous ultrafiltration after cardiopulmonary bypass on pulmonary compliance in infants. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 38 infants undergoing their first operation for congenital heart disease. Infants were randomized to receive 20 minutes of modified ultrafiltration after bypass or control, Static and dynamic compliance was measured after induction of anesthesia, before and immediately after filtration in the operating theater, 1 hour after return to the pediatric intensive care unit, and 24 hours after the operation. Length of time on the ventilator, inotropic requirements, and length of stay in the intensive care unit were recorded. Results: Modified ultrafiltration produced a significant immediate improvement in dynamic (pre-ultrafiltration 2.5 +/- 1.9 mL/cm H2O to post-ultrafiltration 2.9 +/- 2.7 mL/cm H2O, P =.03) and static (pre-ultrafiltration 2.1 +/- 0.9 mL/cm H2O to post-ultrafiltration 2.9 +/- 2.1 mL/cm H2O, P =.04) compliance. However, there was no significant difference in the change in dynamic (P =.3) or static (P =.7) compliance in the ultrafiltration and control groups when compared before the operation, after the operation, and at 24 hours. There was no significant difference in the time to extubation between patients and control subjects (140 +/- 91 hours vs 90 +/- 58 hours) or the length of intensive care unit stay (10.0 +/- 9.1 days vs 7.4 +/- 5.7 days). Conclusions: Modified ultrafiltration produces an improvement in pulmonary compliance after bypass in infants. However, these improvements are not sustained past the immediate post-ultrafiltration period and do not lead to a decreased length of intubation or intensive care unit stay. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Div Crit Care, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA USA. RP Keenan, HT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, UNC Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, CB 7220,7701 A 7th Floor, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-5223 J9 J THORAC CARDIOV SUR JI J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 119 IS 3 BP 501 EP 505 DI 10.1016/S0022-5223(00)70129-2 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 291YD UT WOS:000085766600020 PM 10694609 ER PT J AU Harmon, WJ McAllister, CK AF Harmon, WJ McAllister, CK TI The lion of the union: The pelvic wound of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE pelvis; fistula; wounds, gunshot; catheterization; case report AB Purpose: Major General Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain is a true American hero. His medical history and war wounds provide a rare snapshot of Civil War era medicine. In particular the most devastating injury was a rifle shot through the pelvis rupturing the bladder and urethra. We describe this injury and how it affected his life to provide insight into late 19th century urological care. Materials and Methods: All available references, including biographies, letters, surgical reports, military documents and prior medical summaries, were reviewed regarding Chamberlain's urological history. Results: While leading the Union charge to Petersburg, Virginia on June 18, 1864, Chamberlain was struck with a minie ball anteriorly below the right greater trochanter. The ball coursed obliquely upward disrupting the bladder and urethra, and embedded behind the left acetabulum. An unprecedented wound exploration in the field hospital was performed to extract the bullet and "reconnect severed urinary organs." Hope for recovery was nonexistent as urine was seen exiting the lower wound postoperatively. This genitourinary injury required 4 subsequent repairs during Chamberlain's lifetime and ultimately left him with a draining urethrocutaneous fistula at the penoscrotal junction. Conclusions: Survival from catastrophic Civil War wounds was rare, especially from "gut wounds" which had a mortality rate of greater than 90%. Chamberlain not only survived but thrived with his sense of duty carrying him back to the battlefield and beyond. He was plagued during his life with recurrent cystitis and epididymo-orchitis, which in an era without antibiotics was especially miserable. Urosepsis is listed as the cause of death on his death certificate and whether this was true is debatable. However, even if this wound did not cause his death, it surely contributed to it. C1 MMKU, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78250 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Harmon, WJ (reprint author), MMKU, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78250 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 163 IS 3 BP 713 EP 716 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67789-0 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 282YX UT WOS:000085250300003 PM 10687962 ER PT J AU Kao, TC Cruess, DF Garner, D Foley, J Seay, T Friedrichs, P Thrasher, JB Mooneyhan, RD McLeod, DG Moul, JW AF Kao, TC Cruess, DF Garner, D Foley, J Seay, T Friedrichs, P Thrasher, JB Mooneyhan, RD McLeod, DG Moul, JW TI Multicenter patient self-reporting questionnaire on impotence, incontinence and stricture after radical prostatectomy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatectomy; prostatic neoplasms; quality of life; epidemiology ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; URINARY-INCONTINENCE; CANCER; MORBIDITY; HEALTH; MEN; EXPERIENCE AB Purpose: We determined the incidence of patient self-reported post-prostatectomy incontinence, impotence, bladder neck contracture and/or urethral stricture, sexual function satisfaction, quality of life and willingness to undergo treatment again in a large multicenter group of men who underwent radical prostatectomy. We also determined whether the morbidities of sexual function satisfaction, quality of life and bladder neck contracture and/or urethral stricture are predictable from demographic and postoperative prostate cancer factors. Materials and Methods: A self-reporting questionnaire was completed and returned by 1,069 of 1,396 eligible patients (77%) who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1962 and 1997. Of the respondents 868 (85.7%) underwent surgery after 1990 and in all prostatectomy had been done a minimum of 6 months previously. Questionnaire results were independently analyzed by a third party for morbidity tabulation and the association of patient reported satisfaction. Results: The patient self-reported incidence of any degree of post-prostatectomy incontinence, impotence and bladder neck contracture or urethral stricture was 65.6%, 88.4% and 20.5%, respectively, The incidence of incontinence requiring protection was 33% and only 2.8% of respondents had persistent bladder neck contracture or urethral stricture. Although incontinence and impotence significantly affected self-reported sexual function satisfaction, quality of life and willingness to undergo treatment again (p = 0.001), 77.5% of patients would elect surgery again. This finding remained true even after adjusting for demographic variables, and the time between surgery and the survey by multiple logistic regression. Conclusions: Although radical prostatectomy morbidity is common and affects self-reported overall quality of life, most patients would elect the same treatment again. Impotence and post-prostatectomy incontinence were significantly associated with sexual function satisfaction, quality of life and willingness to undergo treatment again. Bladder neck contracture and/or urethral stricture was associated with willingness to undergo treatment again after adjusting for demographic variables and time from surgery to the survey. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biometr, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Bethesda, MD USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Andrews Air Forces Base, MD USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Kansas City, KS USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 23 TC 132 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 163 IS 3 BP 858 EP 864 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67819-6 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 282YX UT WOS:000085250300043 PM 10687992 ER PT J AU Xu, LL Srikantan, V Sesterhenn, IA Augustus, M Dean, R Moul, JW Carter, KC Srivastava, S AF Xu, LL Srikantan, V Sesterhenn, IA Augustus, M Dean, R Moul, JW Carter, KC Srivastava, S TI Expression profile of an androgen regulated prostate specific homeobox gene NKX3.1 in primary prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE tumorigenesis; radical prostatectomy; androgen receptor; microdissection ID PROTEINS; TRANSFORMATION; REGION; CELLS; 8P21; DNA; RNA; HOX AB Purpose: NKX3.1, a member of the family of homeobox genes, exhibits prostate tissue specific expression and appears to play a role in mouse prostate development. Rapid induction of NKX3.1 gene expression in response to androgens has also been described. On the basis of the established role of androgens in prostatic growth and differentiation and studies showing an association of aberrant homeobox gene expression with the neoplastic process, we hypothesize that alterations of NKX3.1 gene expression play a role in prostate tumorigenesis. Materials and Methods: NKX3.1 expression was analyzed in matched, microdissected normal and tumor tissues from 52 primary prostate cancer specimens from radical prostatectomy by semiquantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization and correlated with the clinicopathologic features. NKX3.1 expression was quantified as differential expression between matched tumor and normal tissues and was grouped as overexpression in tumor tissue, reduced expression in tumor tissue and no change between tumor and normal tissues. Androgen regulation of NKX3.1 expression was also studied in LNCaP cells. Androgen receptor (AR) expression in prostate tumor and normal tissue was correlated with NKX3. I expression. Results: Comparison of NKX3.1 expression between normal and tumor tissues revealed overexpression in 31% tumor specimens (16 of 52), decreased expression in 21% tumor specimens (11 of 52) and no change in 48% specimens (25 of 52). When these expression patterns were stratified by organ confined and non-organ-confined tumor, a higher percentage of patients exhibited NKX3, I overexpression in non-organ confined tumor (40%) versus organ confined tumor (22%). Elevated NKX3.1 expression significantly correlated with tumor volume and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level in the NKX3.1 overexpression group (p <0.05). Metastatic prostate cancer cell lines did not exhibit mutations in the protein coding sequence of NKX3.1. Additionally, the NKX3. I expression correlated with AR expression (p <0.01) in vivo in human prostate tissues. Comparison of PSA and NKX3.1 expression in response to androgen revealed a rapid androgen mediated induction of NKX3.1 expression in LNCaP cells. In situ hybridization analysis of representative specimens confirmed RT-PCR observations. Conclusions: These results suggest an association of NKX3.1 with a more aggressive phenotype of carcinoma of the prostate. Correlation of AR expression with NKX3.1 in human prostate tissues underscores the androgen regulation of NKX3.1 in the physiologic context of human prostate tissues. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv,Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Human Genome Sci Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Srivastava, S (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 32 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 163 IS 3 BP 972 EP 979 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67867-6 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 282YX UT WOS:000085250300090 PM 10688034 ER PT J AU Shen, A Liu, HC Buchanan, M Gao, M Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Ehret, J AF Shen, A Liu, HC Buchanan, M Gao, M Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Ehret, J TI Progress on optimization of p-type GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Canadian Semiconductor Technology Conference (CSTC) CY AUG 10-13, 1999 CL OTTAWA, CANADA ID PERFORMANCE; ABSORPTION AB We report the optimization of barrier thickness and well doping density for GaAs/AlGaAs p-type quantum well infrared photodetectors covering the 3-5 mu m wavelength region. We investigated a series of samples with barrier widths varying from 10 to 50 nm and found that the optimum barrier thickness is about 20 nm. For devices operating at about 100 K, the optimum two-dimensional doping density is found to be in the range 1-2x10(12)cm(-2), which maximizes the background limited infrared performance temperature and dark current limited detectivity. (C) 2000 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(00)02802-5]. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, A (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2 BP 601 EP 604 DI 10.1116/1.582234 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 293BG UT WOS:000085831200056 ER PT J AU Pandey, AB Majumdar, BS Miracle, DB AF Pandey, AB Majumdar, BS Miracle, DB TI Deformation and fracture of a particle-reinforced aluminum alloy composite: Part I. Experiments SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanisms and Mechanics of Composites Fracture held at the 1998 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 11-15, 1998 CL ROSEMONT, ILLINOIS SP TMS, SMD, ASM, MSCTS ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; FATIGUE-CRACK-GROWTH; TRANSVERSE STRENGTH; SCALE ANALYSIS; TOUGHNESS; HOMOGENIZATION; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR; TENSILE; MODEL AB Mechanical tests were performed on a powder-metallurgically processed 7093/SiC/15p discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) composite in different heat-treatment conditions, to determine the influence of matrix characteristics on the composite response. The work-hardening exponent and the strain to failure varied inversely to the strength, similar to monolithic Al alloys, and this dependence was independent of the dominant damage mode. The damage consisted of SiC particle cracks, interface and near-interface debonds, and matrix rupture inside intense slip bands. Fracture surfaces revealed particle fracture-dominated damage for most of the heat-treatment conditions, including an overaged (OA) condition that exhibited a combination of precipitates at the interface and a precipitate-free zone (PFZ) in the immediate vicinity. In the highly OA conditions and in a 450 degrees C as-rolled condition, when the composite strength became less than 400 MPa, near-interface matrix rupture became dominant. A combination of a relatively weak matrix and a weak zone around the particle likely contributed to this damage mode over that of particle fracture. Fracture-toughness tests show that it is important to maintain a proper geometry and testing procedure to obtain valid fracture-toughness data. Overaged microstructures did reveal a recovery of fracture toughness as compared to the peak-aged (PA) condition, unlike the lack of toughness recovery reported earlier for a similar 7XXX (Al-Zn-Cu-Mg)-based DRA. The PA material exhibited extensive localization of damage and plasticity. The low toughness of the DRA in this PA condition is explored in detail, using fractography and metallography. The damage and fracture micromechanisms formed the basis for modeling the strength, elongation, toughness, and damage, which are described in Part II of this work. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, AB (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 44 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 15 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3A BP 921 EP 936 DI 10.1007/s11661-000-0035-0 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 297XC UT WOS:000086107100014 ER PT J AU Young, JA AF Young, JA TI Revising the court member selection process SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Court Criminal Appeals, Bolling AFB, DC USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), USAF, Court Criminal Appeals, Bolling AFB, DC USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 163 BP 91 EP 137 PG 47 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 296UF UT WOS:000086044200002 ER PT J AU Meyer, JM AF Meyer, JM TI A better war: Unexamined victories and final tragedy of America's last years in Vietnam SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 48, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Meyer, JM (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 163 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 296UF UT WOS:000086044200005 ER PT J AU Hryshko-Mullen, AS Broeckl, LS Haddock, CK Peterson, AL AF Hryshko-Mullen, AS Broeckl, LS Haddock, CK Peterson, AL TI Behavioral treatment of insomnia: The Wilford Hall insomnia program SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BENZODIAZEPINES; HYPNOTICS; EFFICACY; LONG AB Persistent insomnia is one of the most common patient complaints reported in primary care settings. This paper reviews the behavioral assessment and treatment approaches for persistent insomnia and reports the results of 42 consecutively treated patients in the Wilford Hall Insomnia Program, Patients were treated in a six-session, multiple-component behavioral group treatment program consisting of sleep restriction, stimulus control, sleep hygiene, relaxation training, and cognitive therapy. In addition, patients were seen for two individual treatment sessions in conjunction with the program and for two individual post-group treatment sessions to assess treatment progress. The results indicated that sleep onset latency was improved by 53%, wake after sleep onset was decreased by 40%, and sleep efficiency was improved by 22%. A detailed description of the behavioral treatment program for insomnia is provided as well as recommendations for practitioners working in primary care settings. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Hryshko-Mullen, AS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59 MDOS MMCNB, 2200 Berquist Dr, Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 3 BP 200 EP 207 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 294TJ UT WOS:000085926200011 PM 10741083 ER PT J AU Venkatesh, V Morris, MG AF Venkatesh, V Morris, MG TI Why don't men ever stop to ask for directions? Gender, social influence, and their role in technology acceptance and usage behavior SO MIS QUARTERLY LA English DT Review DE user acceptance; adoption; technology acceptance model; social influences; gender differences ID SEX-DIFFERENCES; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; PERCEIVED USEFULNESS; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; COMPUTER ANXIETY; USER PERCEPTIONS; SELF-EFFICACY; INTRINSIC MOTIVATION; ELECTRONIC MAIL; REASONED ACTION AB Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this research investigated gender differences in the overlooked context of individual adoption and sustained usage of technology in the workplace. User reactions and technology usage behavior were studied over a five-month period among 342 workers being introduced to a new software system. At all three points of measurement, compared to women, men's technology usage decisions were more strongly influenced by their perceptions of usefulness. In contrast, women were more strongly influenced by perceptions of ease of use and subjective norm, although the effect of subjective norm diminished over time. These findings were robust even after statistically controlling for key confounding variables identified in prior organizational behavior research (i.e., income, occupation, and education levels), and another possible confound from technology research, prior experience with computers in general. Thus, in addition to identifying key boundary conditions in the role of the original TAM constructs (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use), this research provides the basis for the integration of subjective norm into the model. In light of these findings, implications for theory and practice are discussed. C1 Univ Maryland, Robert H Smith Sch Business, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Robert H Smith Sch Business, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vvenkate@rhsmith.umd.edu; mmorris@afit.af.mil RI Tavares, Antonio/A-7115-2008 NR 109 TC 930 Z9 948 U1 35 U2 183 PU SOC INFORM MANAGE-MIS RES CENT PI MINNEAPOLIS PA UNIV MINNESOTA-SCH MANAGEMENT 271 19TH AVE SOUTH, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA SN 0276-7783 J9 MIS QUART JI MIS Q. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 115 EP 139 DI 10.2307/3250981 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA 321ZR UT WOS:000087485700006 ER PT J AU Bauer, KW Alsing, SG Greene, KA AF Bauer, KW Alsing, SG Greene, KA TI Feature screening using signal-to-noise ratios SO NEUROCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE classification; feature saliency; feature screening; feature selection; signal-to-noise ratio ID SELECTION AB We present an approach for identifying important input features in multi-layer perceptron feedforward artificial neural networks (ANN) trained via backpropagation. Specifically, we propose a new saliency measure and demonstrate its use in a methodology that holds the promise of potentially identifying and removing noisy input features in a single training run. First, we propose a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) saliency measure, which determines the saliency of a feature by comparing it to that of an injected noise feature. Next, we propose a feature screening method that utilizes the SNR saliency measure to select a parsimonious set of salient features. The SNR screening method is demonstrated using Fisher's Iris problem. Confidence in the SNR saliency measure and screening method are bolstered by comparisons to Setiono and Liu's neural network feature selector and a principal component analysis (PCA) approach on three real-world applications: the University of Wisconsin Breast Cancer Diagnosis problem, the US Congressional voting records problem, and the Pima Indians Diabetes problem. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bauer, KW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENS, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2312 J9 NEUROCOMPUTING JI Neurocomputing PD MAR PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1-4 BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0925-2312(99)00147-2 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 296DM UT WOS:000086007800003 ER PT J AU Steele, AC Kohli, N Karram, MM AF Steele, AC Kohli, N Karram, MM TI Periurethral collagen injection for stress incontinence with and without urethral hypermobility SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC SPHINCTERIC DEFICIENCY; 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; Q-TIP TEST; URINARY-INCONTINENCE; ELDERLY WOMEN; THERAPY AB Objective: To compare the use of periurethral collagen injection in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency in women with and without urethral hypermobility. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 60 periurethral collagen injections performed on 40 consecutive women from January 1996 to December 1997. A review of the office chart and operative notes was performed to obtain demographic, urodynamic, and procedural data. Outcome data were obtained by personal or telephone interview, using patients' subjective assessments including an analog satisfaction scale. Results: Nine of 40 patients (23%) had urethral hypermobility. Compared with patients without hypermobility, patients with hypermobility required a similar number of procedures (a mean of 1.9 compared with 1.4, P = .13) and required similar amounts of collagen on the first injection (5.6 mL compared with 5.3 mL, P = .69). Preoperative urodynamic parameters wt re similar in both groups. Rates of subjective dryness were equivalent in patients with and without hypermobility at 1 month (76% and 46%, P = .24) and at 6 months (71% and 32%, P = .09) following initial injection. A post hoc power analysis was performed to evaluate the primary study measures of continence at 1 and 6 months, and number of collagen injections. This revealed that a sample size of 40 patients would be sufficient to detect a 2.5-fold difference in number of injections and a 3-fold difference in subjective dryness. Conclusion: Coexisting urethral hypermobility should not preclude the use of collagen injections in women with stress urinary incontinence. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:327-31. (C) 2000 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Good Samaritan Hosp, Seton Ctr Adv Gynecol, Div Urogynecol & Reconstruct Pelv Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Steele, AC (reprint author), Good Samaritan Hosp, Seton Ctr Adv Gynecol, Div Urogynecol & Reconstruct Pelv Surg, 375 Dixmyth Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 95 IS 3 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00568-2 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 287QM UT WOS:000085517300002 PM 10711537 ER PT J AU Pierson, RE Olson, DF Chen, EY McMackin, L AF Pierson, RE Olson, DF Chen, EY McMackin, L TI Comparison of reconstruction-algorithm performance for optical-phase tomography of a heated air flow SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE optical phase tomography; tomographic reconstruction; wavefront measurement; basis functions AB An existing high-speed optical tomography system built at the Air Force Research Laboratory uses Hartmann wavefront sensors to obtain the optical path projections necessary for two-dimensional tomographic reconstruction of the temperature (or equivalently the index of refraction) in a heated jet of air. Conventional optical tomography algorithms require optical-path-length projection data obtained at a number of angles through the flow. However, Hartmann sensors detect the first derivative of the path length. Conventional reconstruction algorithms thus require integration of the measured gradients. New iterative algorithms can reconstruct directly from the measured gradients. Using computer simulation, we compare the accuracy of reconstructions made directly from optical-path-length gradients with the accuracy of reconstructions based on the optical path length obtained by integrating gradient measurements for several iterative tomographic algorithms employing local and global basis functions. For a data-limited tomography system, our studies have shown that accuracy of reconstructions depends on both the choice of algorithm and the structure of the flow under observation. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(00)01603-2]. C1 Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pierson, RE (reprint author), Appl Technol Associates, 1900 Randolph SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 39 IS 3 BP 838 EP 846 DI 10.1117/1.602435 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 294LQ UT WOS:000085913100036 ER PT J AU Starks, MJ Lee, MC AF Starks, MJ Lee, MC TI Matched filtering for the measurement of conjugately ducted VLF transmissions SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The application of matched filtering to the problem of very low frequency (VLF) radio signals ducted between magnetically conjugate points on the Earth by ionospheric plasma structures has been examined theoretically and implemented in recent field experiments. With accurate knowledge of the source VLF transmission the subionospheric component of the received waveform can be effectively removed, and the characteristics of the remaining ducted signal can be accurately estimated. Although the technique has been shown not to produce strictly consistent estimates of the subionospheric and ducted signal amplitudes, it is able to efficiently recover the transit delays and amplitudes of ducted man-made whistler mode emissions for reasonable values of the relevant signal-to-noise ratios. This is substantiated by the use of matched filtering to analyze data collected by radio receivers placed at the conjugate ends of a magnetic field line, thereby recovering the amplitudes and transit delays of ducted signals with time resolution as small as 30 s. An arbitrary degree of accuracy can be obtained in these measurements through the use of bit stream extraction and comparison. Further correlation analysis can be performed to extract Doppler shifts due to drifting ducts, and the small time resolution makes possible studies of ducting under rapidly changing conditions. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Starks, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1029/1999RS002227 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 298TV UT WOS:000086156000006 ER PT J AU Yaghjian, AD Hansen, TB Devaney, AJ AF Yaghjian, AD Hansen, TB Devaney, AJ TI Determination of the minimum convex source region from the electromagnetic far-field pattern SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory CY MAY 25-28, 1998 CL ARISTOTLE UNIV, THESSALONIKI, GREECE SP Int Union Radio Sci, Commiss B, Aristotle Univ, Natl Tech Univ HO ARISTOTLE UNIV AB In a previous paper, a simple method was derived for determining the minimum convex closed surface in which the sources of a given scalar acoustic far-field pattern can be located. In the present paper, we derive the corresponding method for determining the minimum convex surface for a vector electromagnetic far-field pattern. We apply the method to find the minimum source region for the far-field pattern of a circular-disk antenna. C1 Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. AJ Devaney Associates Inc, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Yaghjian, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 31 Grenier St, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1029/1999RS900047 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 298TV UT WOS:000086156000013 ER PT J AU Dalrymple, NC Casford, B Raiken, DP Elsass, KD Pagan, RA AF Dalrymple, NC Casford, B Raiken, DP Elsass, KD Pagan, RA TI Pearls and pitfalls in the diagnosis of ureterolithiasis with unenhanced helical CT SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting and Scientific Assembly of the Radiological-Society-of-North-America (RSNA) CY NOV 29-DEC 06, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Radiol Soc N Amer DE ureter, calculi; ureter, CT; ureter, stenosis or obstruction ID ACUTE FLANK PAIN; URETERAL OBSTRUCTION; CALCULI AB Several signs to assist interpretation of unenhanced helical computed tomographic (CT) scans obtained for suspected ureterolithiasis have been described. Because signs such as perinephric stranding are not always readily apparent, a methodical approach to interpretation of CT studies is important in determining the presence or absence of ureterolithiasis. Evaluation of the poles of the kidneys is helpful in detecting subtle stranding of the perinephric fat. Inspection of the intrarenal collecting system within the poles of the kidneys is helpful in identifying subtle collecting system dilatation and can help prevent mistaking an extrarenal pelvis for hydronephrosis. Careful inspection of the ureter throughout its course is the most reliable method of distinguishing between ureteral stones and phleboliths. However, when the ureter cannot be followed antegrade, the pelvic portion can often be identified in a retrograde fashion. When secondary signs of obstruction are present but no stone is present, differential diagnostic considerations include a recently passed stone, pyelonephritis, urinary tract obstruction unrelated to stone disease, and protease inhibitor deposition disease. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dalrymple, NC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, 59 MDW MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 2 BP 439 EP 447 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 293FD UT WOS:000085840100013 PM 10715342 ER PT J AU Wagner, SC Schweitzer, ME Morrison, WB Przybylski, GJ Parker, L AF Wagner, SC Schweitzer, ME Morrison, WB Przybylski, GJ Parker, L TI Can imaging findings help differentiate spinal neuropathic arthropathy from disk space infection? Initial experience SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computed tomography (CT), comparative studies; magnetic resonance (MR), comparative studies; spine, CT; spine, diseases; spine, infection; spine, intervertebral disks; spine, MR ID DIABETIC FOOT; OSTEOMYELITIS; JOINT AB PURPOSE: To determine: if radiographic, computed tomographic (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings can help differentiate spinal neuropathic arthropathy from disk space infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Imaging studies in 33 patients were evaluated, including 14 patients with spinal neuropathic arthropathy (12 radiographic, seven CT, and six MR studies) and 19 with disk space infection (13 radiographic, nine CT, and 12 MR,studies). Potential imaging discriminators, including endplate sclerosis or erosions, osteophytes, spondylolisthesis, facet involvement (narrowing or erosions), vacuum disk, paraspinal soft-tissue mass, joint disorganization, and osseous joint debris, were recorded, as were MR imaging signal intensity and gadolinium-enhancement characteristics. RESULTS: The most helpful findings for diagnosis of spinal neuropathic arthropathy were vacuum disk on radiographs and CT images, debris on radiographs and CT and MR images, disorganization on radiographs and CT and MR images, facet involvement on radiographs and CT and MR images, spondylolisthesis on CT and MR images, diffuse signal intensity patterns in vertebral bodies on MR images, and rim enhancement of disks on gadolinium-enhanced MR images. Findings that were not helpful included endplate sclerosis and erosions, osteophytes, paraspinal soft-tissue mass, and decreased disk height. CONCLUSION: Vacuum disk, facet involvement, vertebral body spondylolisthesis, joint disorganization and debris, and gadolinium-enhancement patterns of vertebral bodies and disks may help differentiate spinal neuropathic arthropathy from infection. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Schweitzer, ME (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 111 S 11th St,Rm 3350G, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD MAR PY 2000 VL 214 IS 3 BP 693 EP 699 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 286ZM UT WOS:000085478800013 PM 10715032 ER PT J AU Haworth, MD Englert, TJ Hendricks, KJ Lemke, RW Luginsland, JW Shiffler, DS Spencer, TA AF Haworth, MD Englert, TJ Hendricks, KJ Lemke, RW Luginsland, JW Shiffler, DS Spencer, TA TI Comprehensive diagnostic suite for a magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM; MILO; FREQUENCY AB The magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) is a gigawatt-class cross-field microwave tube that requires no external magnetic field due to inherent self-magnetic insulation. The tube operates with a 500 kV, 60 kA electron beam which, along with high rf fields, poses quite a challenge for diagnosing the device. We report on the comprehensive set of experimental diagnostics (both beam and microwave) employed in the MILO experiment, and show how these diagnostics, teamed with particle-in-cell computer simulations, have been instrumental in discovering problems with the tube. [S0034-6748(00)01903-1]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Numerex, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haworth, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1539 EP 1547 DI 10.1063/1.1150500 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 290QZ UT WOS:000085688600049 ER PT J AU Oberg, J Aldrin, B AF Oberg, J Aldrin, B TI A bus between the planets SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 282 IS 3 BP 58 EP 60 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 285WK UT WOS:000085411200025 PM 10736837 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE Tzou, DY AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE Tzou, DY TI A dual-phase-lag diffusion model for predicting thin film growth SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; HG1-XCDXTE; BEHAVIOR; SILICON; DRY AB A dual-phase-lag diffusion ((DPLD) model, which extends Fick's law by including two lagging times, tau(j) for the mass flux vector and tau(rho), for the density gradient, is developed to predict thin film growth. Depending upon the phase lag ratio tau(rho)/tau(j), the DPLD model uniquely characterizes four types of growth kinetics as reported in the literature. The model validation with experimental data of silicon oxidation and Hg1-x,CdxTe film deposition demonstrates that the present model captures the anomalous behaviour of thin film growth from the very beginning of the process to relatively long times very well. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 15 IS 3 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/15/3/301 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 295AE UT WOS:000085942800003 ER PT J AU Moore, BL Webb, SC AF Moore, BL Webb, SC TI Perceptions of equal opportunity among women and minority army personnel SO SOCIOLOGICAL INQUIRY LA English DT Article ID TOKEN WOMEN; MILITARY; CLIMATE AB Equal opportunity (EO) is recognized by the Department of Defense (DoD) as being crucial to maintaining a high stare of military readiness. In the last two and a half decades, a number of EO initiatives have been employed by the DoD and each of the military services in an effort to promote fair treatment of minorities and women. Social science literature suggests that the integration of racial minorities, particularly African American males, is a military success story. Some social scientists argue convincingly that the military has far surpassed civilian organizations in integrating African Americans. While the U.S. military has had a long history of addressing racial issues, problems concerning gender have only recently been addressed on a large scale. Some scholars assert that the military is the last male bastion in the United States. It lags behind the civilian sector in integrating women. This study examines the perceptions of active-duty men and women in the U.S. Army to determine whether minority men are more satisfied with the equal opportunity climate than women and whether minority women are less satisfied with the equal opportunity climate than non-minority (White) women. The purpose of this study is twofold: One objective is to examine differences within the gender category, i.e., African American, Hispanic, and White women The other objective is to explore differences across gender. Degree of satisfaction is measured by responses to items on the Military Equal Opportunity Climate Survey (MEOCS). The data were stratified by rank level, officer and enlisted and a General Linear Model (GLM) was performed with race, gender, and the interaction of race and gender as independent variables. In the final analysis, the data were stratified by paygrade, and a GLM was performed on each part separately. Among the findings, race is a more powerful predictor of the attitudes of active-duty men and women toward the EO climate in their units than either gender or the interaction of race and gender. While gender is significant in most of the statistical models, and the interaction of gender and race is sometimes significant, these variables explain less than one percent of the variance. Although African American men are generally more satisfied with the EO climate than African American women, they are less satisfied than White and in some cases, Hispanic men and women. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Sociol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Def Equal Opportun Managment Inst, Patrick AFB, FL USA. RP Moore, BL (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Sociol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV TEXAS PRESS PI AUSTIN PA BOX 7819, AUSTIN, TX 78713-7819 USA SN 0038-0245 J9 SOCIOL INQ JI Sociol. Inq. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 70 IS 2 BP 215 EP 239 DI 10.1111/j.1475-682X.2000.tb00906.x PG 25 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 321WF UT WOS:000087477100006 ER PT J AU Zhou, W Liou, JJ Huang, CI AF Zhou, W Liou, JJ Huang, CI TI A semi-empirical model for the AlGaAs/GaAs HBT long-term current instability SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS; BASE AB This paper develops a semi-empirical model for predicting the AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) long-term current instability and mean time to failure (MTTF). The model involves the use of device physics as well as several empirical parameters which need to be determined from the pre- and post-burn-in data measured from a particular stress condition (i.e., stress temperature, current density, and time). Once these parameters are found, the model can then be used to predict the HBT reliability for various stress conditions. Experimental and modeling fitting for different HBTs subjected to thermal stress of 100-300 degrees C and current stress of 10(4) to 5 x 10(4) A/ cm(2) are included in support of the model. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, Electron Device Div, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liou, JJ (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 44 IS 3 BP 541 EP 548 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(99)00255-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 286VJ UT WOS:000085469300020 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Basu, S Bust, G Reising, SC AF Bernhardt, PA Selcher, CA Basu, S Bust, G Reising, SC TI Atmospheric studies with the Tri-Band Beacon instrument on the COSMIC constellation SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE electron density; tomography; radio scintillations; ionosphere; radio beacon ID IONOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY; EQUATORIAL SCINTILLATION; GPS METEOROLOGY; WATER-VAPOR; DENSITY AB Radio frequency transmissions from each satellite in the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) can be used to study the plasma in the upper atmosphere by (1) providing profiles and two dimensional images of the ionosphere and (2) monitoring phase and amplitude scintillations induced in radio waves propagating through the ionosphere. In addition, the received radio data can be applied to the neutral atmosphere by (a) detecting horizontal fluctuations in tropospheric water vapor and (b) yielding accurate position data for satellite drag and neutral density determination. A three-frequency radio beacon called the Tri-Band Beacon (TBB) is being developed for the COSMIC program to provide transmissions at VHF, UHF and L-band. Tomographic imaging of the ionosphere is a recently developed technique that uses integrated measurements and computer reconstructions to determine electron densities. The integral of electron density along vertical or oblique paths is obtained by employing radio transmissions from low-earth-orbiting (LEO) COSMIC satellite transmitters to a chain of receivers on the earth's surface. Analyzing the total electron content (TEC) data using computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) produces two-dimensional maps of the ionospheric plasma. Difficulties associated with CIT arise from the non-uniqueness of the reconstructions owing to limited angle measurements or non-optimal receiver. Improvements in both reconstruction algorithms and CIT measurement systems are being implemented for the COSMIC mission by combining the GPS occultation data with the TBB measurements of TEC. Once the ionospheric effects on the radio wave propagation have been determined, the Doppler shifts of the UHF and VHF transmissions can be analyzed to give positioning of the COSMIC satellites: to within a few meters. By measuring the effects of the atmospheric drag on the COSMIC satellites, global data for neutral densities in the upper atmosphere can be obtained. There is an additional phase delay of the VHF/UHF/L-bands from the neutral constituents of the troposphere, This phase delay can be used to provide measurements of integrated water vapor. The spatial distribution of water vapor density may be determined with high precision phase measurements from a linear array of ground receivers observing the L-band transmissions of the COSMIC TBB. C1 USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Transmiss Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Geophys Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Univ Texas, Appl Res Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Bernhardt, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Beam Phys Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6794, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 291 EP 312 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 306PY UT WOS:000086606100011 ER PT J AU Raymond, JT Tell, L Bush, M Nichols, DK Schulman, FY Montali, RJ AF Raymond, JT Tell, L Bush, M Nichols, DK Schulman, FY Montali, RJ TI Subcutaneous atypical mycobacteriosis in captive tiger quolls (Dasyurus maculatus) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atypical mycobacteriosis; cellulitis; group IV mycobacteria; panniculitis; skin; tiger quolls ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; POSSUM TRICHOSURUS-VULPECULA; AUGMENTATION MAMMAPLASTY; FORTUITUM COMPLEX; WOUND INFECTIONS; BOVIS; ORGANISMS; SURGERY; CATS AB From July 1989 to October 1998, 9/37 (24%) adult captive tiger quells (Dasyurus maculatus) were diagnosed with atypical mycobacterial infection involving the subcutis and skin. Females were more often affected than males (seven females, two males). Grossly, lesions presented as focal thickenings, plaques, and abscesses within the subcutis, often with fistulous tracts. The subcutis and skin overlying cervical and thoracic regions were the primary sites of infection. Cytology of subcutaneous impression smears from all nine affected tiger quells revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation admired with several acid-fast bacilli. Histologically, all tiger quells had nodular to diffuse pyogranulomatous panniculitis and cellulitis. Small numbers of acid-fast bacilli were noted histologically in 7/9 (78%) animals. Skin cultures from seven tiger quells were positive for one or more different Runyon group IV mycobacteria. The disease described in these tiger quells is similar to subcutaneous atypical mycobacteriosis of humans and domestic animals. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA USA. Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Vet Serv, Front Royal, VA USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Raymond, JT (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Pathol, 3000 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 37 IS 2 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1354/vp.37-2-137 PG 6 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 291UL UT WOS:000085754600003 PM 10714642 ER PT J AU Martin, LP Lindgren, EA Rosen, M Sidhu, H AF Martin, LP Lindgren, EA Rosen, M Sidhu, H TI Ultrasonic determination of elastic moduli in cement during hydrostatic loading to 1 GPa SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE cement; mortar; hydrostatic pressure; ultrasonic velocity; elastic moduli ID POROSITY AB An ultrasonic methodology has been developed for determination of the elastic constants of porous, cementitious materials as a function of applied hydrostatic pressures up to 1 GPa. The methodology can be performed upon bulk samples and in a fashion, which is more controlled than traditional impact (shock wave) testing. In-addition, data can be acquired during both the application; and release of the pressure. The data for mortar and cement paste samples, with porosity ranging from 13.7 to 24.1% by volume, indicate that during the initial application of pressure there is an irreversible, approximately linear, increase in the elastic moduli associated with the compaction of the pores. During subsequent cycling of the pressure, a slight 'hysteresis' was observed, with sound wave velocities and elastic moduli being slightly lower during the application of the pressure than during the release of the pressure. This effect was observed to be reproducible, and is consistent with a weak bonding between crack or pore faces forced into contact by the applied pressure. Use of the proposed ultrasonic methodology for quantification of the effects of pressure on the elastic moduli in cement-based materials will provide the foundation for accurate modeling of the behavior of cementitious materials during a broad range of high-strain inducing conditions such as ballistic impact (military) or geological instability (civilian). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All Fights reserved. C1 Ind Qual Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Martin, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-228,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 29 PY 2000 VL 279 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00639-5 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 279WZ UT WOS:000085069200011 ER PT J AU Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Morgan, JT Malas, JC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK AF Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Morgan, JT Malas, JC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK TI Hot deformation and microstructural damage mechanisms in extra-low interstitial (ELI) grade Ti-6Al-4V SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE hot deformation behaviour; strain rate regime; alpha and beta deformation ID SUPERPLASTICITY; TITANIUM; ALLOYS AB The hot deformation behavior of extra-low interstitial (ELI) grade Ti-6Al-4V alloy with Widmanstatten preform microstructure over wide temperature (750-1100 degrees C) and strain rate ranges (0.001-100 s(-1)) has been studied with the help of processing maps. In the lower temperature and strain rate regime (850-950 degrees C and 0.001-0.1 s(-1)), globularization of the lamellar structure occurs while at higher temperatures (980-1100 degrees C) the beta phase exhibits large-grained superplasticity. The tensile ductility reaches peak values under conditions corresponding to these two processes. A dip in ductility occurs at the beta transus and is attributed to a possible nucleation of voids within prior beta grains. At lower temperatures and strain rates below about 0.1 s(-1),cracking at the prior beta grain boundaries occurs under mixed mode conditions. At strain rates higher than 1 s(-1) and temperatures lower than about 950 degrees C, the material exhibits a wide regime of flow instabilities. On the basis of these results, a temperature-strain rate window for hot working this material without microstructural defects is identified. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat Proc Design Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seshacharyulu, T (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat Proc Design Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 123 Z9 143 U1 8 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 29 PY 2000 VL 279 IS 1-2 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00173-2 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 279WZ UT WOS:000085069200036 ER PT J AU Li, GM Burggraf, LW Baker, WP AF Li, GM Burggraf, LW Baker, WP TI Photothermal spectroscopy using multilayer cantilever for chemical detection SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SENSORS AB Photothermal spectroscopy is demonstrated using a high-aspect-ratio multilayer cantilever to measure adsorbed dimethyl methylphosphonate, which has an optical absorbance of similar to 10(-5) in the near infrared range. Detection sensitivity was 160 pW for a reed of 6 mm in length, 2 mm in width, and 10 mu m. Sensitivity of the cantilever is compared to a thermal diffusion model that accounts for conduction loss through the cantilever clamp and to air along the length of the cantilever surface. [S0003-6951(00)02309-3]. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45344 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45344 USA. RP Li, GM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45344 USA. NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 9 BP 1122 EP 1124 DI 10.1063/1.125988 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 286PT UT WOS:000085454900014 ER PT J AU Dewan, EM Grossbard, N AF Dewan, EM Grossbard, N TI Power spectral artifacts in published balloon data and implications regarding saturated gravity wave theories SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; PROFILES AB There are several theories of atmospheric gravity wave power spectral densities (PSDs) which have been published. These, in turn, have inspired numerous experimental tests. The spectra involved are in the class denoted "stochastic, red noise spectra." This means that most of the power is at the low-frequency end and obeys a power law falloff in going to higher frequency. The present paper describes how some published experimental spectra are flawed by an artifact of spectral analysis which has not heretofore been recognized in the literature. It involves both an amplitude fluctuation enhancement and a coupling between spectral amplitude and slope, and it can be avoided only by stringent control of spectral leakage. Because of "trade-off' considerations every data set, depending on its length and signal characteristics, requires a different method of analysis. It is therefore required that PSD analysis programs must be adjusted and tested to fit each situation. For this purpose a simple method is described to simulate data of known general characteristics for test purposes (to avoid the pitfalls). Since the papers by Nastrom et al. [1997] and de la Torre et al. [1997] have the unfortunate artifact in their analyses, their conclusions regarding saturated gravity wave theories should be reexamined. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM edewan@plh.af.mil NR 28 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D4 BP 4667 EP 4683 DI 10.1029/1999JD901108 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287NU UT WOS:000085512800023 ER PT J AU Li, SK Tang, GH Li, L Kong, QL AF Li, SK Tang, GH Li, L Kong, QL TI Right continuous fuzzy set-valued stochastic processes with left limitation SO FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fuzzy sets; set-valued; stochastic process; probability; fuzzy martingale; accessible jump AB The concept of (d) quasi-left continuous fuzzy set-valued stochastic process is proposed. A (d) cadlag. fuzzy set-valued stochastic process, i.e. (d) right continuous fuzzy set-valued stochastic processes with left limitation, is (d) quasi-left continuous if and only if for each positive predictable time this process is (d) left continuous almost surely on the set on which the predictable time is finite. A (d) cadlag. fuzzy set-valued stochastic process only has accessible jump if and only if for each totally inaccessible time this process is (d) left continuous almost surely on the set on which the totally inaccessible time is finite. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Meteorol, Dept Math, Nanjing 211101, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Li, SK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Meteorol, Dept Math, Nanjing 211101, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0114 J9 FUZZY SET SYST JI Fuzzy Sets Syst. PD FEB 16 PY 2000 VL 110 IS 1 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0165-0114(97)00391-6 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 270LG UT WOS:000084536700011 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO Meads, RF Hunton, DE Thorn, WF Viggiano, AA Kondo, Y Koike, M Zhao, YJ AF Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO Meads, RF Hunton, DE Thorn, WF Viggiano, AA Kondo, Y Koike, M Zhao, YJ TI Chemical ionization mass spectrometer technique for the measurement of HNO3 in air traffic corridors in the upper troposphere during the SONEX campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CRUISE ALTITUDE; EMISSIONS AB A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) was used for rapid detection of HNO3 in air traffic corridors, primarily over the North Atlantic region, during the NASA Subsonic Assessment Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment (SONEX) campaign in the fall of 1997. The sensitivity of the CIMS instrument approaches 1 ion count per second for each 10(6) molecules cm(-3), under ideal conditions. During the SONEX mission the precision of the experiment was considerably lower due to inlet fluctuations. Ten-second integration periods were used to obtain a precision of typically 10 parts per trillion by volume. A description is given of the instrument and the technique, including inflight calibration using a permeation tube. Comparisons are made with NOy data and with the University of New Hampshire HNO3 data obtained with a mist chamber method. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Aichi 4428507, Japan. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBP, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM tmiller@plh.af.mil; ballenthin@plh.af.mil; hunton@plh.af.mil; thorn@plh.af.mil; viggiano@plh.af.mil; kondo@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Koike, Makoto/F-4366-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012 NR 12 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D3 BP 3701 EP 3707 DI 10.1029/1999JD900443 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 286ZP UT WOS:000085479000013 ER PT J AU Gamache, RR Kennedy, S Hawkins, R Rothman, LS AF Gamache, RR Kennedy, S Hawkins, R Rothman, LS TI Total internal partition sums for molecules in the terrestrial atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE total internal partition sums; partition functions; atmospheric molecular species; HITRAN; temperature dependence of partition function ID FAR-INFRARED-SPECTRUM; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; LINE POSITIONS; GROUND-STATE; SUBMILLIMETER SPECTRUM; TOP MOLECULES; NU-3 BANDS; MU-M; INTENSITIES; ROTATION AB Total internal partition sums (TIPS) are calculated for most of the infrared absorbing molecules in the terrestrial atmosphere. The list includes the principal isotopic species and many of the lesser abundant isotopomers. The calculations are made for temperatures from 70 to 3005 K. The temperature range is divided into three regions and the resulting TIPS are fit to a third-order polynomial expression for later rapid recall of the total partition sum, Q(T). The method of calculation of Q(T) for each isotopomer, convergence of the partition sum in each temperature range, the quality of the fit of the data, and comparisons with other work are discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lowell, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBM, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Gamache, RR (reprint author), Univ Lowell, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. OI Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847 NR 78 TC 107 Z9 131 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD FEB 16 PY 2000 VL 517 BP 407 EP 425 DI 10.1016/S0022-2860(99)00266-5 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 286RF UT WOS:000085458400036 ER PT J AU Minkwitz, R Kornath, A Sawodny, W Typke, V Boatz, JA AF Minkwitz, R Kornath, A Sawodny, W Typke, V Boatz, JA TI Synthesis and characterization of the tris(methylthio)sulfonium salt [(CH3S)(3)S]+SbF6-1 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SULFUR HALIDES; FORCE-FIELD; BASIS SET; CHEMISTRY; ABINITIO; CATION AB [(CH3S)(3)S](+)SbF6(-), the first example of a trithiosulfonium salt saturated with organyl groups, was prepared from SH3+SbF6- and CH3SCl and characterized by H-1, C-13 NMR, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. The colorless salt is stable up to 10 degrees C, but solutions in SO;? decompose at -60 OC in a few hours. The structure of the cation was studied by ab initio calculations and a normal coordinate analysis based on four additional isotopic derivates [((CH3S)-S-34)(3)S]+SbF6-, [(CH3S)(3)S-34]+SbF6-, [((CH3S)-C-13)(3)S]+SbF6-, and [(CD3S)(3)S]+SbF6-. The cation possesses C-3 symmetry with a pyramidal trithiosulfonium unit with predicted geometry parameters of r(SS) = 208.8 pm and angle(SSS) = 104.06 degrees. C1 Univ Dortmund, Fachbereich Chem, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Univ Ulm, Fachbereich Chem, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Minkwitz, R (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, Fachbereich Chem, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 16 PY 2000 VL 122 IS 6 BP 1073 EP 1078 DI 10.1021/ja9917518 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 285HT UT WOS:000085384200010 ER PT J AU Nolan, AM Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Nolan, AM Naik, RR Stone, MO TI Spectral variants of green fluorescent protein using DNA shuffling. SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 6 MA 115 BP 1567 EP 1568 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 285NX UT WOS:000085396100156 ER PT J AU Naik, RR Kirkpatrick, SM Stone, MO AF Naik, RR Kirkpatrick, SM Stone, MO TI Nonlinear fluorescent behavior of green fluorescent protein. SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Biotechnol Grp, Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 6 MA 116 BP 1568 EP 1568 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 285NX UT WOS:000085396100157 ER PT J AU John, WW Bao, GB Johnson, WP Stauffer, TB AF John, WW Bao, GB Johnson, WP Stauffer, TB TI Sorption of nonionic surfactant oligomers to sediment and PCE DNAPL: Effects on PCE distribution between water and sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; NATURAL SYSTEMS; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE; SOLUBILIZATION; HYDROCARBONS; REMEDIATION; BEHAVIOR; SILICA AB Introduction of surfactant mixtures to the subsurface for the purpose of surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation requires consideration of the effects of surfactant sorption to sediment and nonaqueous phase liquids. These effects include alteration of the solubilizing properties of the surfactant mixture a nd a Iteration of the sorption properties of the stationary phase. Sorption of octylphenol ethoxylate (EO) surfactant oligomers to a low organic carbon content (f(oc)) aquifer sediment and to dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) consisting of tetrachloroethene (PCE) was examined in batch experiments. At aqueous surfactant concentrations far below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the mixture, sorption to sediment was characterized by an initial steep isotherm for both high and low EO content oligomers, with somewhat greater uptake of high EO content oligomers. This stage of sorption resulted in mild increases in the equilibrium constant, K-d,K-PCE for distribution of PCE between solution (including surfactant) and sediment (including sorbed surfactant). As the aqueous surfactant concentration increased, surface aggregation of low EO content oligomers on the sediment commenced, and a dramatic increase in K-d,K-PCE was observed. At aqueous surfactant concentrations increasing above the CMC, the formation of solution micelles caused the sorbed surfactant concentrations to plateau and then decrease. This decrease in sorbed surfactant, along with competition by micelles for contaminant, likely contributed to the observed rapid decrease in K-d,K-PCE toward zero. Surfactant sorption to PCE DNAPL was greater relative to sediment by 1-2 orders of magnitude, with much greater uptake of the low EO content oligomers. Sorption of all but the lowest EO content oligomers to the PCE DNAPL was terminated by micellization. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. MLQR, AFRL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Johnson, WP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RI Johnson, William/G-7733-2011 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 4 BP 672 EP 679 DI 10.1021/es990886a PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284UY UT WOS:000085352300021 ER PT J AU Hill, RR Reilly, CH AF Hill, RR Reilly, CH TI Multivariate composite distributions for coefficients in synthetic optimization problems SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE correlation; composition; joint probability distribution ID GENERALIZED ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM; SINGLE-MACHINE; ALGORITHM; MINIMIZE AB In most cases, coefficients in synthetic optimization problems are randomly generated based on specified univariate marginal distributions. Additionally, the various types of coefiicients are assumed to be mutually independent, even though coefficients in practical problems may be correlated. In this paper, multivariate composite distributions with specified marginal distributions and a specified Pearson product-moment population correlation structure are characterized. The generation of synthetic optimization problems is the principal motivation for characterizing these composite distributions. but they are also useful for many other simulation applications. Type L composite distributions are composed of the extreme-correlation distributions for a multivariate random variable only, while Type U composite distributions are based on the extreme-correlation distributions and the joint distribution under independence. Closed-form composition probabilities for distributions of trivariate random variables are presented. Methods for identifying correlation structures that are amenable to representation by composite distributions are discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENS, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rhill@afit.af.mil; reilly@iems.engr.ucf.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 EI 1872-6860 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 121 IS 1 BP 64 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S0377-2217(99)00012-0 PG 14 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 269XJ UT WOS:000084502500006 ER PT J AU Kozodoy, P Xing, HL DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK Saxler, A Perrin, R Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC AF Kozodoy, P Xing, HL DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK Saxler, A Perrin, R Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC TI Heavy doping effects in Mg-doped GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; EFFECTIVE-MASS; EPITAXY; GROWTH AB The electrical properties of p-type Mg-doped GaN are investigated through variable-temperature Hall effect measurements. Samples with a range of Mg-doping concentrations were prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor phase deposition. A number of phenomena are observed as the dopant density is increased to the high values typically used in device applications: the effective acceptor energy depth decreases from 190 to 112 meV, impurity conduction at low temperature becomes more prominent, the compensation ratio increases, and the valence band mobility drops sharply. The measured doping efficiency drops in samples with Mg concentration above 2 x 10(20) cm(-3). (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)04304-8]. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Kozodoy, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 15 TC 195 Z9 197 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1832 EP 1835 DI 10.1063/1.372098 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 278MA UT WOS:000084992500035 ER PT J AU Pope, RS Wolf, PJ Perram, GP AF Pope, RS Wolf, PJ Perram, GP TI Collision broadening of rotational transitions in the O-2 A band by molecular perturbers SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN A-BAND; SPECTROSCOPY; LINESHAPES AB Fourier transform spectroscopy was utilized to record absorption line shapes for rotational transitions in the magnetic dipole allowed b(1)Sigma(g)(+) <-- X(3)Sigma(g)(-) system of O-2. Broadening coefficients were determined for 42 rotational transitions in the (0,0) vibrational band spanning the spectral range from 13020 cm(-1) to 13 170 cm(-1). Voigt profiles were fit to the experimental line shapes using a nonlinear least-squares technique, and the Lorentzian half-width at half-maximum values were determined as a function of bath gas pressure. The pressure broadening coefficients for O-2 by O-2 CO, N-2, CO2, and SF6 were obtained with uncertainties of less than 5% and the values showed a significant dependence on rotational quantum number. These rotational level dependencies were modeled using both angular momentum and energy-based rotational energy transfer fitting laws. We found both the ECS-P and the EPGL-0 fitting laws adequately represented the line broadening cross sections. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wolf, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 64 IS 4 BP 363 EP 377 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(99)00109-0 PG 15 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 261DG UT WOS:000083992900004 ER PT J AU Missey, M Dominic, V Powers, P Schepler, KL AF Missey, M Dominic, V Powers, P Schepler, KL TI Aperture scaling effects with monolithic periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric oscillators and generators SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We used elliptical beams to demonstrate aperture scaling effects in nanosecond single-grating and multigrating periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) monolithic optical parametric oscillators and generators. Increasing the cavity Fresnel number in single-grating crystals broadened both the beam divergence and the spectral bandwidth. Both effects are explained in terms of the phase-matching geometry. These effects are suppressed when a multigrating PPLN crystal is used because the individual gratings provide small effective subapertures. A flood-pumped multigrating optical parametric generator displayed a low output beam divergence and contained 19 pairs of signal and idler frequencies. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 190.4970, 190.4410, 190.2620, 160.4330. C1 Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Missey, M (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 4 BP 248 EP 250 DI 10.1364/OL.25.000248 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 284FB UT WOS:000085319200020 PM 18059844 ER PT J AU Krutko, OB Kosel, PB Wu, RLC Fries-Carr, SJ Heidger, S Weimer, J AF Krutko, OB Kosel, PB Wu, RLC Fries-Carr, SJ Heidger, S Weimer, J TI P-type polycrystalline diamond layers by rapid thermal diffusion of boron SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB P-type diamond layers have been produced in polycrystalline diamond by means of rapid thermal diffusion (RTD) of boron. Using thin film of deposited boron as the source and temperatures near 1600 degrees C, solid-state diffusion of boron was achieved, forming conducting layers with average sheet resistances of about 356 Omega/square and diffused-layer thicknesses of about 0.6 mu m. Ohmic contacts to the diffused layers were formed by depositing molybdenum films before the RTD step so that sintering of contacts occurred simultaneously with the diffusion. The advantages of this approach are that (a) low contact resistances are obtained and (b) only one high-temperature step is involved. Using this technique, molybdenum-diamond Schottky diodes were fabricated and found to have barrier potentials of 2.6 V and ideality factors of 1.6. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02807-2]. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept ECECS, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. K Syst Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krutko, OB (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept ECECS, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 7 BP 849 EP 851 DI 10.1063/1.125605 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 280TP UT WOS:000085120100019 ER PT J AU Arnold, ST Dotan, I Williams, S Viggiano, AA Morris, RA AF Arnold, ST Dotan, I Williams, S Viggiano, AA Morris, RA TI Selected ion flow tube studies of air plasma cations reacting with alkylbenzenes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTANTS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; C7H7+ IONS; TOLUENE; PHOTODISSOCIATION; ALKANES; BENZYL AB Rate constants and product branching fractions are reported for reactions of the air plasma cations NO+, O-2(+), O+, N+, and N-2(+) With several alkylbenzenes: toluene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, and m-xylene. The measurements were made using a selected ion flow tube (SIFT) apparatus at 300 K. All reactions were found to proceed at the collision rate. NO+ reactions yield exclusively nondissociative charge-transfer products. C7H7+ is the dominant product ion observed in all the O+, N+, and N-2(+) reactions. Charge transfer and formation of C7H7+ are the major product channels in the O-2(+) reactions. Product distributions were converted to crude breakdown diagrams, showing the relative abundance of each product ion as a function of the reactant ion recombination energy. The flow tube results exhibit a shift in the product ion threshold energies, an effect attributed to a kinetic shift resulting;from slow fragmentation of the excited charge-transfer complex combined with collisional stabilization of the complex by the He buffer gas. Two isomeric forms of the C7H7+ product ion are produced in these reactions: the benzyl (Bz(+)) and tropylium (Tr+) cations. The Bz(+)/Tr+ isomeric mixture ratio was quantified as a function of energy for all four alkylbenzenes. Changes in the Bz(+)/Tr+ mixture suggest that ethylbenzene has a relatively larger reverse activation barrier compared with toluene for forming Tr+ from the charge-transfer complex, while formation of Tr+ from the larger alkylbenzenes probably proceeds via a different mechanism altogether. For m-xylene, the formation of both Bz(+) and Tr+ isomers likely proceeds via a different mechanism than for the 12-alkylbenzenes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Arnold, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 10 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 5 BP 928 EP 934 DI 10.1021/jp9928199 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 281PL UT WOS:000085169800009 ER PT J AU Gotto, AM Whitney, E Stein, EA Shapiro, DR Clearfield, M Weis, S Jou, JY Langendorfer, A Beere, A Watson, DJ Downs, JR de Cani, JS AF Gotto, AM Whitney, E Stein, EA Shapiro, DR Clearfield, M Weis, S Jou, JY Langendorfer, A Beere, A Watson, DJ Downs, JR de Cani, JS TI Relation between baseline and on-treatment lipid parameters and first acute major coronary events in the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE lipids; coronary disease; prevention risk factors; apolipoproteins ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HEART-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; LOWERING THERAPY; MEN; PRAVASTATIN; TRIALS AB Background-The Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) is the first primary-prevention study in a cohort with average total cholesterol (TC) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and below-average HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Treatment with lovastatin (20 to 40 mg/d) resulted in a 25% reduction in LDL-C and a 6% increase in HDL-C, as well as a 37% reduction in risk for first acute major coronary event (AMCE), defined as fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or sudden cardiac death. This article describes the relation between baseline and on-treatment lipid and apolipoprotein (apo) parameters and subsequent risk for AMCEs. Methods and Results-With all available data from the entire 6605-patient cohort, a prespecified Cox backward stepwise regression model identified outcome predictors, and logistic regression models examined the relation between lipid variables and AMCE risk. Baseline LDL-C, HDL-C, and apoB were significant predictors of AMCE; only on-treatment apoB and the ratio of apoB to apoAI were predictive of subsequent risk; on-treatment LDL-C was not. When event rates were examined across tertiles of baseline lipids, a consistent benefit of treatment with lovastatin was observed. Conclusions-Persons with average TC and LDL-C levels and below-average HDL-C may obtain significant clinical benefit from primary-prevention lipid modification. On-treatment apoB, especially when combined with apoAI to form the apoB/AI ratio, may be a more accurate predictor than LDL-C of risk for first AMCE. (Circulation. 2000;101:477-484.). C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. Inst Heart & Vasc, San Antonio, TX USA. Med Res Labs, Highland Heights, KY USA. Merck & Co Inc, Blue Bell, PA USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Gotto, AM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, 445 E 69th St,Olin Hall Room 205, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 20 TC 394 Z9 409 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 8 PY 2000 VL 101 IS 5 BP 477 EP 484 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 281VM UT WOS:000085181500017 PM 10662743 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, J Burggraf, LW Gordon, MS AF Shoemaker, J Burggraf, LW Gordon, MS TI An ab initio cluster study of the structure of the Si(001) surface SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; SI(100) SURFACE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DIMER; SILICON; ABINITIO; RECONSTRUCTION; DIFFRACTION AB Ab initio calculations, employing double zeta plus polarization (DZP) basis sets and generalized valence bond (GVB) wave functions, have been performed on clusters of varying size, to investigate the utility of such clusters as prototypes for the study of silicon surfaces, and to investigate the effect of the level of theory used on predicted results. This work builds on landmark papers by Goddard in 1982 and Paulus in 1998 that demonstrate that a single reference wave function description of the silicon dimer bond is incorrect, and that a multireference description results in a symmetric dimer in a silicon cluster containing one dimer. In this work, it is shown that the imposition of arbitrary geometrical constraints (fixing subsurface atoms at lattice positions) on cluster models of the Si(100) surface can also lead to nonphysical results. Calculations on the largest clusters, without geometrical constraints, reveal that surface rearrangement due to dimer bond formation is "felt" several layers into the bulk. The predicted subsurface displacements compare favorably to experiment. Thus, small clusters, such as Si9H12, cannot adequately represent bulk behavior. Vibrational analysis shows that dimer buckling modes require minimal excitation energy, so the experimental observation of buckled dimers on silicon surfaces may reflect the ease with which a symmetric dimer can be perturbed from its minimum energy structure. In the study of surface reconstruction and relaxation, and the associated issue of the buckling of dimer surfaces, it is critical to use adequate wave functions. As shown in this work and previously by Goddard and Paulus, this generally means that multireference treatments are needed to correctly treat the dangling bonds. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(00)30206-9]. C1 USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shoemaker, J (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 42 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 8 PY 2000 VL 112 IS 6 BP 2994 EP 3005 DI 10.1063/1.480930 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 279KM UT WOS:000085043000047 ER PT J AU Katz, JS Saperstein, DS Gronseth, G Amato, AA Barohn, RJ AF Katz, JS Saperstein, DS Gronseth, G Amato, AA Barohn, RJ TI Distal acquired demyelinating symmetric neuropathy SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy; distal acquired demyelinating symmetric neuropathy; monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance; terminal latency index; myelin-associated glycoprotein ID MYELIN-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN; IGM MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY; ANTI-MAG ANTIBODIES; UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE; M-PROTEIN; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PLASMA-EXCHANGE; POLYNEUROPATHY; SERUM AB Objective: To characterize an acquired, symmetric, demyelinating neuropathic variant with distal sensory or sensorimotor features. Background: Classic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) patients have prominent proximal and distal weakness.' However, chronic demyelinating neuropathies may present with different phenotypes. An approach that distinguishes these: disorders primarily according to the pattern of weakness may be useful to the clinician. Methods: A total of 53 patients with acquired symmetric demyelinating polyneuropathies were classified primarily according to the pattern of the neuropathy and secondarily according to the presence and type of monoclonal protein (M-protein) in this retrospective review. The authors distinguished between patients with distal sensory or sensorimotor involvement, designated as distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) neuropathy, from those with proximal and distal weakness, who were designated las CIDP, Results: M-proteins were present in 22% of patients with CIDP. There were no features that distinguished clearly between CIDP patients with or without an M-protein, and nearly all of these patients responded to immunomodulating therapy. In contrast, nearly two-thirds of the patients with DADS neuropathy had immunoglobulin M (IgM) kappa, monoclonal gammopathies, and this specific combination predicted a poor response to immunomodulating therapy. Antimyelin-associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) antibodies were present in 67% of these patients, Conclusion: Distinguishing acquired demyelinating neuropathies by phenotype can often predict the presence of IgM kappa M-proteins, anti-MAG antibodies, and responses to immunomodulating therapy. C1 Dept Vet Affairs, Dept Neurol 127, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Univ Texas, Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Katz, JS (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs, Dept Neurol 127, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 33 TC 152 Z9 156 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD FEB 8 PY 2000 VL 54 IS 3 BP 615 EP 620 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 281KZ UT WOS:000085160300014 PM 10680792 ER PT J AU Poggie, J Kimmel, RL Schwoerke, SN AF Poggie, J Kimmel, RL Schwoerke, SN TI Traveling instability waves in a Mach 8 flow over an elliptic cone SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 36th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 12-15, 1998 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID 3-DIMENSIONAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; STABILITY; TRANSITION AB Simultaneous measurements were carried out with three hot-film probes in the Mach 8 flow over an elliptic cone of 2:1 aspect ratio, and the data obtained were compared to the results of computations using the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations and linear stability theory, The elliptic-cone flow was found to be significantly different from the flows studied in previous hypersonic-flow stability experiments, which have focused exclusively on wind-tunnel models with two-dimensional, planar or axial symmetry. At least two instability mechanisms appear to be active in the present flow: one associated with the region of maximum crossflow in the vicinity of the shoulder of the cone and the other associated with the inflectional velocity profiles on the top centerline. Between the shoulder and leading edge of the cone, the dominant flow instability occurred at relatively low frequency, and the direction of the phase velocity was significantly skewed from that of the boundary-layer-edge streamlines. The results were found to be in rough agreement with linear stability calculations and are suggestive of a traveling crossflow instability mode, which apparently has not been observed before in hypersonic flow. The flow in the vicinity of the top centerline of the cone was found to be highly unstable and appeared in the experiments to be transitional, For this region of the flow, both the experiments and the computations shelved an unstable frequency band that coincided with the characteristic second-mode frequency. The present experimental technique was adequate to identify the two instabilities present in the flow, but additional work will be required to achieve a detailed validation of linear stability computations for this configuration. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VAAC, Air Vehicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Tact Aircraft Syst, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VAAC, Air Vehicle Directorate, 2210 8th St,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 38 IS 2 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.2514/2.979 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 281VR UT WOS:000085182600008 ER PT J AU Jennings, JM AF Jennings, JM TI Webs of smoke: Smugglers, warlords, spies, and the history of the international drug trade. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Jennings, JM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 BP 187 EP 188 DI 10.2307/2652464 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 291TG UT WOS:000085751700035 ER PT J AU Jones, DJ Dussor, G Hernandez, J Edell, T AF Jones, DJ Dussor, G Hernandez, J Edell, T TI Characteristics of presynaptic cholinergic systems in rat spinal cord: Effects of tactile allodynia SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 90 IS 2 SU S MA S318 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 279FQ UT WOS:000085034100318 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR Jain, RK Spain, JC AF Johnson, GR Jain, RK Spain, JC TI Properties of the trihydroxytoluene oxygenase from Burkholderia cepacia R34: an extradiol dioxygenase from the 2,4-dinitrotoluene pathway SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitroaromatic compound; nitrotoluene; trihydroxytoluene; ring cleavage; dioxygenase ID SP STRAIN DNT; PSEUDOMONAS-SP; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; META-CLEAVAGE; CLONING; GENES; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; CATECHOL; SEQUENCE AB Burkholderia cepacia R34 mineralizes 2,4-dinitrotoluene via an oxidative pathway. The initial steps in the degradative pathway lead to formation of 2,4,5-trihydroxytoluene, which serves as the substrate for the ring cleavage dioxygenase. The trihydroxylated substrate differs from the usual substituted catechols found in pathways for aromatic compound degradation. To determine whether the characteristics of the trihydroxytoluene oxygenase reflect the unusual ring cleavage substrate of the 2,4-dinitrotoluene pathway, the gene encoding trihydroxytoluene oxygenase (dntD) was cloned and sequenced, and ring cleavage activity determined from recombinant bacteria carrying the cloned gene. The findings were compared to the trihydroxytoluene oxygenase from Burkholderia sp. strain DNT and to other previously described ring cleavage dioxygenases. The comparison revealed that only 60% identity was shared by the: two trihydroxytoluene oxygenases, but the amino acid residues involved in cofactor binding, catalysis, and protein folding were conserved in the DntD sequence. The enzyme catalyzed meta-fission of trihydroxytoluene as well as the substrate analogues 1,2,4-benzenetriol, catechol, 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, 3-chlorocatechol, 4-chlorocatechol and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. However, results from enzyme assays indicated a strong preference for trihydroxytoluene, implying that it was the native substrate for the enzyme. The apparent enzyme specificity, its similarity to the trihydroxytoluene oxygenase from Burkholderia in so. strain DNT, and the distant genetic relationship to other ring cleavage enzymes suggest that dntD evolved expressly to carry out trihydroxytoluene transformation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 173 IS 2 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s002039900111 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 284EK UT WOS:000085317600001 PM 10795678 ER PT J AU Cockerham, KP Hidayat, AA Cockerham, GC Depper, MH Sorensen, S Cytryn, AS Gavaris, PT AF Cockerham, KP Hidayat, AA Cockerham, GC Depper, MH Sorensen, S Cytryn, AS Gavaris, PT TI Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome - New clinicopathologic findings in 4 cases SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OROFACIAL GRANULOMATOSIS; MANAGEMENT AB Objective: To define the clinicopathologic features of eye-lid involvement in Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS). Methods: Four patients with eyelid edema consistent with MRS were evaluated clinically, including diagnostic imaging in 2 patients. Eyelid tissue from these patients was examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Polymerase chain reaction for herpes simplex virus was performed in 1 case. Results: The 3 men and 1 woman ranged in age from 33 to 74 years. All patients had insidious, painless, nonpitting eyelid edema. Three patients had unilateral edema; one had bilateral, asymmetric involvement. Ipsilateral lip edema was present in 1 case. Computed tomography demonstrated periorbital heterogeneous thickening that corresponded to the microscopic finding of scattered granulomas. All 4 patients demonstrated epithelioid granulomas inside and adjacent to dilated lymphatic vessels. Polymerase chain reaction testing was negative for herpes simplex virus. Conclusions: Isolated eyelid swelling that mimics thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy may occur in MRS. Computed tomography may be useful in the diagnosis. Biopsy should be performed in all cases of unexplained nonpitting eyelid edema. In the eyelid, MRS is characterized histopathologically by a granulomatous lymphangitis, a finding that seems to be unique to this condition. C1 Allegheny Orbital & Ophthalm Associates, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Ophthalm Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Ophthalmol Serv, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ophthalm Plast & Orbital Consultants, Washington, DC USA. Eye Associates Washington, Washington, DC USA. RP Cockerham, KP (reprint author), Allegheny Orbital & Ophthalm Associates, 420 E N Gate 116, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 118 IS 2 BP 227 EP 232 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 282PA UT WOS:000085226200007 PM 10676788 ER PT J AU Escalante, A Espinosa-Morales, R del Rincon, I Arroyo, RA Older, SA AF Escalante, A Espinosa-Morales, R del Rincon, I Arroyo, RA Older, SA TI Recipients of hip replacement for arthritis are less likely to be Hispanic, independent of access to health care and socioeconomic status SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology CY NOV 07-11, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol ID OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; ORTHOPEDIC-SURGERY; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; MEDICAL CONDITIONS; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; ARTHROPLASTY AB Objective. To compare the proportion of Hispanics among recipients of hip replacements for primary articular disorders, recipients of knee replacements for the same reason, and persons hospitalized for other reasons. Methods. Twelve of the 17 accredited hospitals in Bexar County, Texas, in which hip or knee replacement surgery is performed permitted us to review their medical records. From 1993 through 1995, 3,100 elective, non-fracture-related, hip or knee replacements were performed. These individuals were matched by age, sex, hospital, and month of admission with 4,604 persons hospitalized for other reasons. Age, sex, ethnic background, type of medical insurance, median household income by zip code of residence, joint replaced, and surgical diagnosis were abstracted from the medical records. The validity of variables abstracted from the medical records was tested by comparison with self-report data in 115 patients interviewed prior to elective hip or knee replacement surgery. Results, During the study period, 2,275 subjects had a total knee replacement and 825 had a total hip replacement. Recipients of hip replacements were significantly less Likely to be Hispanic than were recipients of knee replacements (19.5% versus 29.9%; odds ratio [OR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.46-0.71; P less than or equal to 0.001) or persons hospitalized for other reasons (29.4% Hispanic; OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.55-0.81). The under-representation of Hispanics was more pronounced among persons undergoing hip replacement for osteoarthritis compared with recipients of knee replacements for the same disease (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.37-0.62). This pattern persisted after adjusting for age, sex, type of medical insurance, and median household income by the zip code of residence. Concordance between medical records and self-report data on ethnic background was high (kappa = 0.93). Conclusion. Recipients of hip replacement are less likely to be Hispanic than are other hospitalized persons with a similar level of access to care. The reasons for this under-representation probably involve factors in addition to lack of access to health care and low socioeconomic status. Further research is needed to understand the nature of such factors. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Escalante, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 47 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 43 IS 2 BP 390 EP 399 DI 10.1002/1529-0131(200002)43:2<390::AID-ANR20>3.0.CO;2-R PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 284ZM UT WOS:000085362800020 PM 10693880 ER PT J AU Krause, KM Pilmanis, AA AF Krause, KM Pilmanis, AA TI The effectiveness of ground level oxygen treatment for altitude decompression sickness in human research subjects SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression sickness; treatment; oxygen AB Background: Current therapy for altitude decompression sickness (DCS) includes hyperbaric oxygen therapy and ground-level oxygen (GLO). The purpose of this paper is to describe the Air Force Research Laboratory experience in the extensive use of GLO for the treatment of altitude DCS in research subjects. Methods: Data were collected from 2001 altitude chamber subject-exposures. These data, describing DCS symptoms, circulating intracardiac venous gas emboli, and treatment procedures used were collected for each subject exposure and stored in an altitude DCS database. Results In the database of 2001 subject exposures, 801 subjects (40.0%) were diagnosed with altitude DCS. Subjects reporting DCS symptoms were immediately recompressed to ground level. Of the 749 subjects who received 2 h GLO, 739 (98.7%) resolved completely and required no further treatment. Conclusions Although not an operational study, these data provide indirect support for the current USAF guidelines for the treatment of altitude DCS with GLO. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEPR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Wyle Labs Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Pilmanis, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEPR, 2504 Gillingham Dr,Suite 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 10 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 71 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 278LU UT WOS:000084991900004 PM 10685583 ER PT J AU Benjamin, CR Hearon, CM AF Benjamin, CR Hearon, CM TI Urinary continence in women during centrifuge exposure to high plus Gz SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE military medicine; acceleration; occupational exposure; stress urinary incontinence; urinary incontinence; women; working women ID LEAK-POINT PRESSURES; STRESS-INCONTINENCE; DEFICIENCY; DIAGNOSIS AB Background: One earlier study and anecdotal evidence suggest a possible association between exposure to high +Gz forces and urinary incontinence in women. High +Gz could possibly contributes to the prolapse of the bladder neck, moving it into a position which decreases the leak point pressure resulting in urinary incontinence. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that increased urinary incontinence is associated with high +Gz. Methods: 25 females were exposed to a high +Gz profile. Following the exposure they were asked to answer a questionnaire grading their urinary continence under high +Gz, and to provide a baseline grading of their urinary continence at +1.0 Cr and under increased abdominal stress at +1.0 Gz. Demographic data included parity and previous urogenital surgery. Graded responses were dichotomized and data was analyzed using Fischer's Exact Test for 2 x 2 tables with significance set at alpha = 0.05. Results At high +Gz no significant association was found between reported urine incontinence and a history of urogenital surgery or parity. Only one of twenty-five subjects had any symptoms at high + Gz despite the fact that five had a predisposition. As expected, at +1.0 Gz and under increased abdominal stress at +1.0 GI, a significant association was found between reported urine incontinence and a history of urogenital surgery, while no significant association was found for parity. Conclusions In this simple first look there was no increase in urinary incontinence at high +Gz even among those who reported a predisposition. C1 USAF, 99th Med Grp, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. NE Illinois Univ, Dept Biol & Exercise Sci, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. RP Benjamin, CR (reprint author), 2322 Carinth Way, Henderson, NV 89014 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 71 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 278LU UT WOS:000084991900007 PM 10685586 ER PT J AU Previc, FH AF Previc, FH TI From Broca's aphasia to the language module: A transformation too large? SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEMORY; BRAIN; RECOVERY; SPEECH AB This commentary focusses on the larger implications of Grodzinsky's hypothesis. Although Grodzinsky argues persuasively that the syntactic comprehension deficits in Broca's aphasia involve mainly an inability to comprehend sentence requiring a transformational movement of phrasal constituents, his larger claim for a distinct and dedicated "language organ" in the left hemisphere is much less tenable. C1 USAF, Flight Mot Effects Branch, Biodynam & Protect Div, Crew Syst Directorate,Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), USAF, Flight Mot Effects Branch, Biodynam & Protect Div, Crew Syst Directorate,Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 49 EP + DI 10.1017/S0140525X00522390 PG 10 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 342MG UT WOS:000088647900032 ER PT J AU Smith, DW Letourneau, EJ Saunders, BE Kilpatrick, DG Resnick, HS Best, CL AF Smith, DW Letourneau, EJ Saunders, BE Kilpatrick, DG Resnick, HS Best, CL TI Delay in disclosure of childhood rape: Results from a national survey SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE child rape; disclosure; child sexual abuse ID SEXUAL ABUSE; STRESS-DISORDER; CHILDREN TELL; IMPACT; PREVALENCE; MEDIATORS; INCEST; TRAUMA; WOMEN AB Objective: This study sought to gather representative data regarding the length of time women who were raped before age 18 delayed prior to disclosing such rapes, whom they disclosed to, and variables that predicted disclosure within 1 month. Method: Data were gathered from 3,220 Wave II respondents from the National Women's Study (Resnick, Kilpatrick, Dansky, Saunders, & Best, 1993), a nationally representative telephone survey of women's experiences with trauma and mental health. Of these, 288 retrospectively reported at least one rape prior to their 18th birthday. Details of rape experiences were analyzed to identify predictors of disclosure within 1 month. Results: Fully 28% of child rape victims reported that they had never told anyone about their child rape prior to the research interview; 47% did not disclose for over 5 years post-rape. Close friends were the most common confidants. Younger age at the time of rape, family relationship with the perpetrator, and experiencing a Series of rapes were associated with disclosure latencies longer than 1 month; shorter delays were associated with stranger rapes. Logistic regression revealed that age at rape and knowing the perpetrator were independently predictive of delayed disclosure. Conclusions: Delayed disclosure of childhood rape was very common, and long delays were typical. Few variables were identified that successfully predicted disclosure behavior, but older age and rape by a stranger were associated with more rapid disclosure. This suggests that the likelihood of disclosure in a given case is difficult to estimate, and predictions based on single variables are unwarranted. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Natl Crime Victims Res & Treatment Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Psychol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USAF, Secur Forces Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. RP Smith, DW (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Natl Crime Victims Res & Treatment Ctr, 165 Cannon St,POB 250852, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 05220-01A2]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH18869] NR 27 TC 148 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2 BP 273 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00130-1 PG 15 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 275TT UT WOS:000084836800010 PM 10695522 ER PT J AU Noor, AK Venneri, SL Paul, DB Hopkins, MA AF Noor, AK Venneri, SL Paul, DB Hopkins, MA TI Structures technology for future aerospace systems SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE structures technology; aerospace systems; smart materials and structures; multifunctional structures; composite structures; extreme environments; load-bearing systems; computational methods ID POLYMER COMPOSITES; DESIGN AB An overview of structures technology for future aerospace systems is given. Discussion focuses on developments in component technologies that will improve the vehicle performance, advance the technology exploitation process, and reduce system life-cycle costs. The component technologies described are smart materials and structures, multifunctional materials and structures, affordable composite structures, extreme environment structures, flexible load bearing structures, and computational methods and simulation-based design. The trends in each of the component technologies are discussed and the applicability of these technologies to future aerospace vehicles is described. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Virginia, Ctr Adv Computat Technol, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Boeing Phantom Works, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Univ Virginia, Ctr Adv Computat Technol, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM a.k.noor@larc.nasa.gov NR 39 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 EI 1879-2243 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 74 IS 5 BP 507 EP 519 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00067-X PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 276FM UT WOS:000084865000001 ER PT J AU Elston, DM AF Elston, DM TI Treatment of granuloma faciale with the pulsed dye laser SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID DAPSONE AB Granuloma faciale is a chronic benign vasculitis that generally affects the skin of the face. The lesions are commonly refractory to therapy. A patient with long-standing granuloma faciale refractory to topical corticosteroid and dapsone therapy had an excellent response to treatment with the pulsed dye laser. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 2000 VL 65 IS 2 BP 97 EP 98 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 283RK UT WOS:000085288900010 PM 10696562 ER PT J AU Shelton, BS Zhu, TG Wong, MM Kwon, HK Eiting, CJ Lambert, DJH Turini, SP Dupuis, RD AF Shelton, BS Zhu, TG Wong, MM Kwon, HK Eiting, CJ Lambert, DJH Turini, SP Dupuis, RD TI Ultrasmooth GaN etched surfaces using photoelectrochemical wet etching and an ultrasonic treatment SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N-TYPE GAN AB We have studied the effect of ultrasonic agitation on the surface of n-type gallium nitride (GaN) layers grown on sapphire that were subjected to a selective photoelectrochemical etch. Solutions of various concentrations of KOH were used along with an ultraviolet lamp to oxidize the exposed GaN surface, resulting in an anisotropic etch. Smooth surfaces with root-mean-square (rms) roughness of similar to 4 nm were obtained for a narrow range of etching conditions. It was found that this window could be extended by using etch conditions which produced "whisker" growth. Subsequent ultrasonic agitation was then used to remove these whiskers and obtain smoother surfaces with the best rms roughness values being similar to 0.9 nm. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(99)09-032-X. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shelton, BS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 3 IS 2 BP 87 EP 89 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 279QT UT WOS:000085057200008 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Nadeau, LJ Spain, JC AF He, ZQ Nadeau, LJ Spain, JC TI Characterization of hydroxylaminobenzene mutase from pNBZ139 cloned from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 - A highly associated SDS-stable enzyme catalyzing an intramolecular transfer of hydroxy groups SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bamberger rearrangement; hydroxy transfer; hydroxylaminobenzene; hydroxymutase; SDS stability ID ISOCHORISMATE HYDROXYMUTASE; BAMBERGER REARRANGEMENT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DEGRADATION PATHWAY; NITROBENZENE; 4-NITROTOLUENE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PURIFICATION; COMPLEXES; STRAIN AB Hydroxylaminobenzene mutase is the enzyme that converts intermediates formed during initial steps in the degradation of nitrobenzene to a novel ring-fission lower pathway in Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45. The mutase catalyzes a rearrangement of hydroxylaminobenzene to 2-aminophenol. The mechanism of the reactions and the properties of the enzymes are unknown. In crude extracts, the hydroxylaminobenzene mutase was stable at SDS concentrations as high as 2%. A procedure including Hitrap-SP, Hitrap-Q and Cu(II)-chelating chromatography was used to partially purify the enzyme from an Escherichia coli clone. The partially purified enzyme was eluted in the void volume of a Superose-12 gel-filtration column even in the presence of 0.05% SDS in 25 mh Tris/HCl buffer, which indicated that it was highly associated. When the enzymatic conversion of hydroxylaminobenzene to 2-aminophenol was carried out in O-18-labeled water, the product did not contain O-18, as determined by GC-MS. The results indicate that the reaction proceeded by intramolecular transfer of the hydroxy group from the nitrogen to the C-2 position of the ring. The mechanism is clearly different from the intermolecular transfer of the hydroxy group in the non-enzymatic Bamberger rearrangement of hydroxylaminobenzene to 4-aminophenol and in the enzymatic hydroxymutation of chorismate to isochorismate. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), AFRL MLQR, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 267 IS 4 BP 1110 EP 1116 DI 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01107.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 291MG UT WOS:000085738300023 PM 10672020 ER PT J AU Self, BP Harris, S Greenwald, RM AF Self, BP Harris, S Greenwald, RM TI Ankle biomechanics during impact landings on uneven surfaces SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIGAMENT; RECONSTRUCTION; JOINT AB Inversion sprains of the lateral ligaments of the ankle are one of the most common of all sporting injuries. While the strains in the anterior talofibular (ATFL) and calcane-ofibular (CFL) ligaments have been measured in quasistatic conditions, the dynamic strains during an actual traumatic event have not been determined. The present investigation determined the strains and strain rates in the ATFL and CFL during an in vitro inversion sprain. The ATFL tended to have higher strain and strain rate values than the CFL, which may explain why it is more often injured than the CFL. C1 Orthoped Mech Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84107 USA. RP Self, BP (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFEM, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H2, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 21 IS 2 BP 138 EP 144 PG 7 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 282YV UT WOS:000085250100008 PM 10694026 ER PT J AU Sharma, RD Wheeler, NB Wise, JO Dothe, H Duff, JW AF Sharma, RD Wheeler, NB Wise, JO Dothe, H Duff, JW TI Global variation in the 2.7 mu m NO overtone limb-emission from the lower thermosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL THERMOSPHERE; NITRIC-OXIDE; RADIANCE; CO2; MODEL AB The overtone vibration-rotation band (Delta v = -2) limbemission from NO around 2.7 mu m observed by the Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS-1A) at 120 km tangent altitude is shown to arise from the nascent molecule produced by the reactions of N(S-4) and N(D-2) atoms with O-2. Measurement of the 2.7 mu m emission from NO therefore permits modeling of the local rate of production of NO, a quantity important in odd nitrogen chemistry in the thermosphere. The 2.7 mu m limb-radiance in the nonauroral region is observed, above the instrument noise level, only during the day and shows about a factor of 2 variation indicating a similar variation in the rate of production of NO. In the aurorally dosed region however the observations lead to about an order of magnitude variation in this rate. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. RP Sharma, RD (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 3 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.1029/1999GL010925 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 282EY UT WOS:000085204900014 ER PT J AU Ryan, KL D'Andrea, JA Jauchem, JR Mason, PA AF Ryan, KL D'Andrea, JA Jauchem, JR Mason, PA TI Radio frequency radiation of millimeter wave length: Potential occupational safety issues relating to surface heating SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE cancer; radiation, nonionizing; occupational safety; radiofrequency ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; MHZ RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; INDUCED SKIN-CANCER; LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE; BURN SCAR; MICROWAVE-RADIATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; HYPERTROPHIC SCARS; MARJOLINS ULCER AB Currently, technology is being developed that makes use of the millimeter wave (MMW) range (30-300 GHz) of the radio frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum. As more add more systems come on line and are used in everyday applications, the possibility of inadvertent exposure of personnel to MMWs increases. To date, there has been no published discussion regarding the health effects of MMWs; this review attempts to fin that void. Because of the shallow depth of penetration, the energy and, therefore, heat associated with MMWs will be deposited within the first 1-2 mm of human skin. MMWs have been used in states of the former Soviet Union to provide therapeutic benefit in a number of diverse disease states, including skin disorders, gastric ulcers, heart disease and cancer. Conversely, the possibility exists that hazards might be associated with accidental overexposure to MMWs, This review attempts to critically analyze the likelihood of such acute effects as burn and eye damage, as well as potential long-term effects, including cancer. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridan Engn Inc, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 133 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 78 IS 2 BP 170 EP 181 DI 10.1097/00004032-200002000-00006 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 275WK UT WOS:000084843000005 PM 10647983 ER PT J AU Bi, Z Wu, R Li, J Williams, R AF Bi, Z Wu, R Li, J Williams, R TI Joint super-resolution moving target feature extraction and stationary clutter suppression SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID RANGE PROFILES; DIRECTION AB High range resolution (HRR) moving target indicator radar is becoming increasingly important for many military and civilian applications involving the detection and classification of moving targets within a clutter background. For ground-based HRR radar, when targets are moving slowly or near-broadside and the coherent processing interval or dwell time is not too long, the effects of range migration and range feature distortion can be ignored. Based on this assumption, relaxation-based algorithms that are robust and computationally simple are proposed for HRR feature extraction of moving targets consisting of scatterers closely spaced in range in the presence of stationary clutter. Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithms exhibit super-resolution and excellent estimation performance. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bi, Z (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 147 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20000041 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 298LZ UT WOS:000086142100005 ER PT J AU Courtney, CC Baum, CE AF Courtney, CC Baum, CE TI The coaxial beam-rotating antenna (COBRA): Theory of operation and measured performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE circular waveguide; coaxial transmission line; reflector antennas AB Many microwave generators, especially high-power sources, utilize an azimuthally symmetric output mode such as the TM01, circular waveguide or the coaxial TEM mode. If such a mode is projected into an antenna aperture and radiated directly, then a doughnut-shaped radiation pattern with a boresight null will result. Antenna designs to directly accommodate an azimuthally symmetric output mode and the high electric fields of high-power sources have been considered, but they tend to be low gain, do not radiate a boresight peak along the axis of the source, and the pattern peak direction changes with frequency, Mode conversion techniques to alter the aperture field distribution (i.e., TM01 to TE11 in circular waveguide) have also been explored, but losses and weight, size and cost additions impact negatively on total system design. This paper describes a novel antenna we call the coaxial beam-rotating antenna (COBRA) that mitigates many of the problems normally associated with tie azimuthally symmetric output modes of high-power microwave sources. The COBRA accepts directly (without the need for mode conversion) an azimuthally symmetric guided mode of a microwave source and radiates a high-gain pattern with a boresight peak. In addition, the COBRA operates with a wide bandwidth, is compatible with the intense electric fields associated with high-power microwave sources, and the geometry of the antenna can be easily configured to produce an arbitrarily (elliptically) polarized boresight field, This paper presents the fundamental theory of operation, derives pertinent design and performance equations, and gives the measured operating characteristics of a COBRA prototype. C1 Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Courtney, CC (reprint author), Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 48 IS 2 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1109/8.833080 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 304RW UT WOS:000086498800019 ER PT J AU Schoenbach, K Barker, R Liu, SG AF Schoenbach, K Barker, R Liu, SG TI Special issue on nonthermal medical/biological treatments using electromagnetic fields and ionized gases SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Coll William & Mary, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Schoenbach, K (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 2 EP 5 DI 10.1109/TPS.2000.842817 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 314XE UT WOS:000087082200001 ER PT J AU Pakhomov, AG Murphy, MR AF Pakhomov, AG Murphy, MR TI Low-intensity millimeter waves as a novel therapeutic modality SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st First International Symposium on Nonthermal Medical/Biological Treatments Using Electromagnetic Fields and Ionizes Gases (ElectroMed99) CY APR 12-14, 1999 CL NORFOLK, VIRGINIA SP USAF Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Bioelectromagnet Soc, Old Dominion Univ, Eastern Virgina Med Sch, Coll William & Mary DE millimeter waves; specific bioeffects; therapy ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI-CELLS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CONTINUOUS MICROWAVE; ISOLATED NERVE; FREQUENCY; GROWTH; FIELD AB One of the most significant events in contemporary electromagnetic biology is a surge in interest to specific effects of low-intensity millimeter-band radiation (30-300 GHz), Bioeffects of millimeter waves (MMW's) can often occur without any considerable heating of the exposed subject, and biological responses are principally different from those caused by heating. The effects of MMW's often have a sharp, resonance-like dependence on the radiation frequency, but they depend relatively little on the radiation intensity. A brief, low-intensity MMW exposure can change cell growth and proliferation rates, activity of enzymes, state of cell genetic apparatus, function of excitable membranes and peripheral receptors; it can alleviate stress reactions, stimulate tissue repair and regeneration, etc. In Eastern Europe, low-intensity MMW's are widely employed for therapeutic purposes. The method has gained official recognition, and millions of people received MMW therapy for various conditions. While the mechanisms of MMW efficacy remain unclear and their medical usage is mostly empirical, the knowledge accumulated over more than 20 years of MMW therapy merits careful analysis and consideration. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, McKesson Bioserv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab,Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, McKesson Bioserv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 38 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1109/27.842821 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 314XE UT WOS:000087082200005 ER PT J AU Kiel, JL Parker, JE Morales, PJ Alls, JL Mason, PA Seaman, RL Mathur, SP Holwitt, EA AF Kiel, JL Parker, JE Morales, PJ Alls, JL Mason, PA Seaman, RL Mathur, SP Holwitt, EA TI Pulsed microwave induced bioeffects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st First International Symposium on Nonthermal Medical/Biological Treatments Using Electromagnetic Fields and Ionizes Gases (ElectroMed99) CY APR 12-14, 1999 CL NORFOLK, VIRGINIA SP USAF Off Sci Res, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Bioelectromagnet Soc, Old Dominion Univ, Eastern Virgina Med Sch, Coll William & Mary DE anthrax; bacillus; high-power; microwaves; pulse ID NITRIC-OXIDE; OXIDATION; MYELOPEROXIDASE; 3-NITROTYROSINE; PEROXYNITRITE; NITRATION; TYROSINE; CELLS; GENE; DALM AB High-power pulsed microwave radiation, when applied to solutions containing dissolved carbon dioxide (or bicarbonate), hydrogen peroxide, and the soluble organic semi-conductor diazoluminomelanin, generates sound, pulsed luminescence, and electrical discharge. Microbes exposed to these phenomena experienced damage comparable to short-time, high-temperature insults, even though the average and measurable localized temperatures were insufficient to cause the observed effects. C1 USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Inc, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. McKesson BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Med Res Command Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Conceptual MindWorks Inc, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Kiel, JL (reprint author), USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1109/27.842892 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 314XE UT WOS:000087082200024 ER PT J AU Bula, AJ Rahman, MM Leland, JE AF Bula, AJ Rahman, MM Leland, JE TI Axial steady free surface jet impinging over a flat disk with discrete heat sources SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE jet impingement; electronics cooling; discrete heat sources ID CIRCULAR LIQUID JETS; CORRELATING EQUATIONS; PLANAR JET; IMPINGEMENT; WATER AB A free jet of high Prandtl number fluid impinging perpendicularly on a solid substrate of finite thickness containing small discrete heat sources on the opposite surface has been analyzed. Both solid and fluid regions have been modeled and solved as a conjugate problem. Equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy were solved taking into account the transport processes at the solid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces. The shape and location of the free surface (liquid-gas interface) was determined iteratively as a part of the solution process by satisfying the kinematic condition as well as the balance of normal and shear forces at this interface. The number of elements in the fluid and solid regions were determined from a systematic grid-independence study. A nonuniform grid distribution was used to adequately capture large variations near the solid-fluid interface. Computed results included velocity, temperature, and pressure distributions in the fluid, and the local and average heat transfer coefficients at the solid-fluid interface. Computations were carried out to investigate the influence of different operating parameters such as jet velocity, heat flux, plate thickness, and plate material. Numerical results were Validated with available experimental data. It was found that the local heat transfer coefficient is maximum at the center of the disk and decreases gradually with radius as the flow moves downstream. The thickness of the disk as well as the location of discrete sources showed strong influence on the maximum temperature and the average heat transfer coefficient. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Aero Propuls & Power Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rahman, MM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Mech Engn, 4202 E Fowler Ave,ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD FEB PY 2000 VL 21 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0142-727X(99)00054-5 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 300UK UT WOS:000086271100003 ER PT J AU Gerken, M Deng, Y AF Gerken, M Deng, Y TI Special issue: Best papers from SEKE98 - Guest editors' introduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Program Co Chair SEKE 98, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Florida Int Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Program Co Chair SEKE 98, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1940 J9 INT J SOFTW ENG KNOW JI Int. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1142/S021819400000002X PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 313FV UT WOS:000086990400001 ER PT J AU Gerken, MJ AF Gerken, MJ TI Specification of software architecture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International on Software Engineering-Knowledge Engineering (SEKE 98) CY JUN 18-20, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE software architecture; formal methods; software specification; category theory AB Over the past several years, software architecture representation and analysis has become an active area of research. However, most approaches to software architecture representation and analysis have been informal. We postulate that through formality, the term "architecture" call be precisely defined and important properties of systems, such as semantic compatibility between connected entities, can be investigated with precision. In this paper, we use category theory and algebraic specifications to develop a formal definition of architecture and show how architecture theory can be used in the construction of software specifications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Div Informat Technol, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1940 J9 INT J SOFTW ENG KNOW JI Int. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 69 EP 95 DI 10.1142/S0218194000000067 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 313FV UT WOS:000086990400005 ER PT J AU Bussjager, R Chaiken, J Getbehead, M Grucza, D Hinkel, D McEwen, T Osman, J Voss, E AF Bussjager, R Chaiken, J Getbehead, M Grucza, D Hinkel, D McEwen, T Osman, J Voss, E TI Using tungsten oxide based thin films for optical memory and the effects of using IR combined with blue/blue-green wavelengths SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Symposium on Optical Memory and Optical Data Storage (ISOM/ODS 99) CY JUL 11-15, 1999 CL KOLOA, HAWAII SP IEEE, Lasers & Electroopt Soc, Opt Soc Amer, SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn, Japan Soc Appl Phys DE optical memory; tungsten oxide; and photochromic memory AB Utilizing a form of tungsten oxide as the physical medium for optical memory, we show that infrared irradiation provides heat to the lattice structure while blue or blue-green light provides electronic excitation to initiate a photochromic chemical change. We have constructed and tested a spin stand based demonstration system for this form of optical memory. Tungsten oxide offers potential advantages in storage density, storage capacity, write speed, signal to noise, processing flexibility, data robustness, and overall, cost. C1 SNDP, AF Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Syracuse Univ, Keck Ctr Mol Elect, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Laser Chem Corp, Fayetteville, NY 13066 USA. RP Bussjager, R (reprint author), SNDP, AF Res Lab, 25 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 39 IS 2B SI SI BP 789 EP 796 DI 10.1143/JJAP.39.789 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 322ZB UT WOS:000087538700023 ER PT J AU Del Toro, F Sylvia, VL Schubkegel, SR Campos, R Dean, DD Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z AF Del Toro, F Sylvia, VL Schubkegel, SR Campos, R Dean, DD Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z TI Characterization of prostaglandin E-2 receptors and their role in 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3-mediated effects on resting zone chondrocytes SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; GROWTH-PLATE CHONDROCYTES; ARACHIDONIC-ACID TURNOVER; CARTILAGE CELLS-INVITRO; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MATRIX SYNTHESIS; EP2 SUBTYPE; FACTOR-BETA; EXPRESSION AB Resting zone chondrocyte differentiation is modulated by the vitamin D meabolite, 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3, via activation of protein kinase C (PKC). In previous studies, inhibition of prostaglandin production with indomethacin caused an increase in PKC activity, suggesting that changes in prostaglandin levels may mediate the 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3-dependent response and act as autocrine or paracrine regulators of chandrocyte metabolism. Supporting this hypothesis is the fact that resting zone cells respond directly to prostaglandin E-2 (PCE2). The aim of the present study was to identify which PGE, receptor subtypes (EP) mediate the effects of PGE, on resting zone cells. Using primers specific for EP1-EP4, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplified EP1 and EP2 cDNA in a RT-dependent manner. A variant form of the EP1 cDNA, EPIv, was also amplified in an RT-dependent manner. In parallel experiments, we used EP subtype-specific agonists to examine the role of EP receptors in 24,25-(OH),D,mediated cell proliferation and differentiation. 17-phenyl-trinor-PGE(2) (PTPGE(2)), an EP1 agonist, increased [H-3]-thymidine incorporation in a dose-dependent manner and reversed the 24,25-(OH)(2)D-2-induced inhibition of [H-3]-thymidine incorporation. SC-19220, an EP1 antagonist, caused a further dose-dependent decrease in 24,25-(OH)(2)D-2-induced inhibition of [H-3]-thymidine incorporation. PTPGE(2) also caused a biphasic increase in [S-35]-sulfate incorporation and increased alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity at high concentrations (10(-8) M). 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3-induced alkaline phosphatase activity was synergistically stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by PTPGE(2). In contrast, 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3 induced PKC activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by PTPGE, and SC-1 9220, the EP1 antagonist, elevated PKC activity at high concentrations (10-8 M). The EP2 agonist, misoprostol, only affected [S-35]-sulfate incorporation, but in a dose-dependent manner. The EP3 and EP4 agonists had no effect on cell response. These results suggest that the EP1 receptor subtype mediates some of the PGE(2)-induced cellular responses in resting zone cells that lead to both increased proliferation and differentiation. Because 24,25-(OH)(2)D-3 inhibits PGE(2) synthesis in these cells, EP1-mediated induction of proliferation is blocked, encouraging cellular maturation and activation of PKC activity. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Boyan, BD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-05937] NR 47 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9541 J9 J CELL PHYSIOL JI J. Cell. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 182 IS 2 BP 196 EP 208 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(200002)182:2<196::AID-JCP8>3.0.CO;2-E PG 13 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 270LP UT WOS:000084537400008 PM 10623883 ER PT J AU Amend, JR Morgen, ME Whitla, A AF Amend, JR Morgen, ME Whitla, A TI Inexpensive digital monitoring of signals from a Spectronic-20 spectrophotometer SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USAF, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Mt Allison Univ, Dept Chem, Sackville, NB E0A 3C0, Canada. RP Amend, JR (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 252 EP 253 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 274KQ UT WOS:000084765400038 ER PT J AU Day, PN Pachter, R Gordon, MS Merrill, GN AF Day, PN Pachter, R Gordon, MS Merrill, GN TI A study of water clusters using the effective fragment potential and Monte Carlo simulated annealing SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-MECHANICAL CALCULATIONS; SHELL HARTREE-FOCK; CUBIC STRUCTURES; LIQUID WATER; CAGE FORM; HEXAMER; ENERGIES; (H2O)(N); OPTIMIZATION; GRADIENTS AB Simulated annealing methods have been used with the effective fragment potential to locate the lowest energy structures for the water clusters (H2O)(n) with n=6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20. The most successful method uses a local minimization on each Monte Carlo step. The effective fragment potential method yielded interaction energies in excellent agreement with those calculated at the ab initio Hartree-Fock level and was quite successful at predicting the same energy ordering as the higher-level perturbation theory and coupled cluster methods. Analysis of the molecular interaction energies in terms of its electrostatic, polarization, and exchange-repulsion/charge-transfer components reveals that the electrostatic contribution is the dominant term in determining the energy ordering of the minima on the (H2O)(n) potential energy surfaces, but that differences in the polarization and repulsion components can be important in some cases. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(00)30504-9]. C1 USAF, Mat Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Day, PN (reprint author), USAF, Mat Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 141 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 112 IS 5 BP 2063 EP 2073 DI 10.1063/1.480775 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 277NR UT WOS:000084940100002 ER PT J AU Chun, HM Padilla, CE Chin, DN Watanabe, M Karlov, VI Alper, HE Soosaar, K Blair, KB Becker, OM Caves, LSD Nagle, R Haney, DN Farmer, BL AF Chun, HM Padilla, CE Chin, DN Watanabe, M Karlov, VI Alper, HE Soosaar, K Blair, KB Becker, OM Caves, LSD Nagle, R Haney, DN Farmer, BL TI MBO(N)D: A multibody method for long-time molecular dynamics simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE molecular dynamics; normal modes; anharmonicity; macromolecules; numerical integrators ID PANCREATIC TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; L7/L12 RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN; FREQUENCY NORMAL-MODES; ATOMIC FLUCTUATIONS; COLLECTIVE MOTIONS; STEP METHODS; TERMINAL FRAGMENT; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HIV-1 PROTEASE AB A modeling approach that can significantly speed up the dynamics simulation of large molecular systems is presented herein. A multigranular modeling approach, whereby different parts of the molecule are modeled at different levels of detail, is enabled by substructuring. Substructuring the molecular system is accomplished by collecting groups of atoms into rigid or flexible bodies. Body flexibility is modeled by a truncated set of body-based modes. This approach allows for the elimination of the high-frequency harmonic motion while capturing the low-frequency anharmonic motion of interest. This results in the use of larger integration step sizes, substantially reducing the computational time required for a given dynamic simulation. The method also includes the use of a multiple time scale (MTS) integration scheme. Speed increases of 5- to 30-fold over atomistic simulations have been realized in various applications of the method. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Moldyn Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ York, Prot Struct Res Grp, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Henry Associates Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chun, HM (reprint author), Moldyn Inc, 955 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 113 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 159 EP 184 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(200002)21:3<159::AID-JCC1>3.0.CO;2-J PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 275AH UT WOS:000084796900001 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Kamide, Y Ling, AG AF Cliver, EW Kamide, Y Ling, AG TI Mountains versus valleys: Semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; UNIVERSAL TIME-VARIATION; CORONAL MASS EJECTA; STORMS AB The semiannual variation in geomagnetic activity is generally attributed to the Russell-McPherron effect. In that picture, enhancements of southward field B-s near the equinoxes account for the observed higher geomagnetic activity in March and September. In a contrary point of view, we argue that the bulk of the semiannual variation results from an equinoctial effect (based on the psi angle between the solar wind flow direction and Earth's dipole axis) that makes B-s coupling less effective (by similar to 25% on average) at the solstices. Thus the semiannual variation is not simply due to "mountain building" (creation of B-s) at the equinoxes but results primarily from "valley digging" (loss of coupling efficiency) at the solstices. We estimate that this latter effect, which clearly reveals itself in the diurnal variation of the am index, is responsible for similar to 65% of the semiannual modulation. The characteristic imprint of the equinoctial hypothesis is also apparent in hourly/monthly averages of the time-differentiated Dst index and the AE index. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa, Japan. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 45 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 105 IS A2 BP 2413 EP 2424 DI 10.1029/1999JA900439 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281YP UT WOS:000085189300010 ER PT J AU Wilcox, MJ Barad, JP Wilcox, CC Peebles, EL Minckler, DS AF Wilcox, MJ Barad, JP Wilcox, CC Peebles, EL Minckler, DS TI Performance of a new, low-volume, high-surface area aqueous shunt in normal rabbit eyes SO JOURNAL OF GLAUCOMA LA English DT Article DE aqueous shunt device; bleb fibrosis; capsule thickness; hydraulic conductivity; latex microspheres ID MITOMYCIN-C; INTRAOPERATIVE MITOMYCIN; GLAUCOMA; TRABECULECTOMY; SURGERY; IMPLANTS; PRESSURE AB Purpose: This experimental study was conducted to report perfusion characteristics of small diameter, cylindrical aqueous shunts in normal rabbit eyes and to test the hypothesis that decreasing bleb diameter would decrease capsular fibrosis, as evidenced by a thinner capsule forming around the implant. These two properties increase hydraulic conductivity of the fibrous membrane forming around the device, resulting in a more effective filtering shunt. Methods: Cylindrical latex tubes with the distal portion of the sidewall removed were implanted under the conjunctiva. The proximal, intact end of tubing was inserted into the anterior chamber and ligated to prevent hypotony. The Ligature was released after 1 week to inflate the bleb. Animals were again anesthetized at 6 or 12 weeks after Ligature release and in vivo perfusion experiments conducted using a miniperfusion system and a water manometer. Perfusion of the implant with latex microspheres was performed before the animals were killed. Capsule diameters were measured in situ using calipers under a dissecting microscope after excision of orbital tissues and before fixation for histologic study. Membrane hydraulic conductivity (outflow per unit membrane area at unitary pressure gradient, mu L/min/mm(2)/mmHg) was calculated using data obtained juring perfusion experiments and compared with results of other studies. Capsule thickness was measured histologically. Results: Cylindrical filtration membranes with thin (15-20 mu m) capsules formed around latex implants. Bleb diameters consistently measured 1 mm at all points along their length before formaldehyde fixation. Hydraulic conductivity was measured and found to be eight times higher than that reported for capsules around conventional implants. Decreased diameter (16:1 for Baerveldt and 13:1 for Molteno implants) produced a proportional decrease in surface tension on the wall. This resulted in decreased capsule thickness, from 222 mu m for Baerveldt implants in rabbit eyes and from 150 mu m for Molteno implants in monkey eyes to less than 20 mu m for the shunting device studied here. Conclusion: As a consequence of Laplace's law, reduction in bleb diameter reduces surface tension on the bleb, reducing capsular fibrosis and consequently capsule thickness, thus increasing hydraulic conductivity. Increased hydraulic conductivity increases the effectiveness of the filtering surface. Cylindrical geometry allows reduced bleb volume vet maintains total surface area that is proportional to the length of the implant, which is unlimited and customizable for each eye by simply cutting the length of implant needed. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF Acad, USAF Hosp, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Doheny Eye Inst,Glaucoma Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Wilcox, MJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, HQ USAFA-DFB,2355 Fac Dr,Suite 2P328, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1057-0829 J9 J GLAUCOMA JI J. Glaucoma PD FEB PY 2000 VL 9 IS 1 BP 74 EP 82 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 285FH UT WOS:000085378700012 PM 10708235 ER PT J AU Mizokami, M Albrecht, JK Kato, T Orito, E Lai, VCH Goodman, Z Hong, Z Lau, JYN AF Mizokami, M Albrecht, JK Kato, T Orito, E Lai, VCH Goodman, Z Hong, Z Lau, JYN CA Hepatitis Interventional Therpay G TI TT virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection - effect of primers, prevalence, and clinical significance SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HCV; interferon; liver disease; PCR; ribavirin; TTV; viremia ID POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY; BLOOD-DONORS AB Background/Aim: A novel DNA virus, TT virus (TTV), was recently identified in patients with posttransfusion non-A-G hepatitis, The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of TTV infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, Methods: We analyzed pretreatment serum samples from 171 United States and European patients who relapsed after interferon-alpha treatment and were recruited into an interferon-alpha-2b/ribavirin combination treatment trial. TTV DNA was detected by PCR using two different set of primers (TTV-A and TTV-B) derived from open reading frames 1 and 2, respectively, Results: TTV was detected in 29.2% of the patients with the TTV-A primer set, 70.8% with the TTV-B primer-set, and 72.5% if positive by either/both sets of the primers, The amplicons generated by primer set A were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was constructed, The 50 isolates belonged to group 1a (n = 8), Ib (n = 17), 2a (n = 21), 2b (n = 3), and 4 (n = 1), There was no difference in demographic (age, sex distribution, estimated duration of HCV infection), biochemical (serum ALT levels), virologic (serum HCV RNA levels, HCV genotype distribution), or histologic scores, and their subsequent response to either interferon-alpha-2b or interferon-alpha-2b/ribavirin combination treatment, Conclusions: The prevalence of TTV infection reported previously may have been significantly underestimated, based on the primers originally described and used by most studies, Although TTV infection is very common in patients with chronic HCV infection, it has no identifiable clinical significance. C1 Schering Plough Res Inst, Kenilworth, NJ 07033 USA. Nagoya City Univ, Dept Internal Med 2, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Lau, JYN (reprint author), Schering Plough Res Inst, K-15-4-4650,2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 32 IS 2 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80081-1 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 282XF UT WOS:000085246500021 PM 10707876 ER PT J AU Hadfield, TL McEvoy, P Polotsky, Y Tzinserling, VA Yakovlev, AA AF Hadfield, TL McEvoy, P Polotsky, Y Tzinserling, VA Yakovlev, AA TI The pathology of diphtheria SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Diphtheria is an acute, communicable disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The disease is generally characterized by local growth of the bacterium in the pharynx with pseudomembrane formation or, less commonly, in the stomach or lungs; systemic dissemination of toxin then invokes lesions in distant organs. Acute disease of the upper respiratory tract usually involves one or more of the following: tonsillar zones, larynx, soft palate, uvula, and nasal cavities. A recent epidemic in Russia emphasized the role of vaccination in reducing disease in children and adults. C1 USAF, BSC, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. St Petersburg Pediat Med Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Hadfield, TL (reprint author), USAF, BSC, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Bldg 54,CPS-M, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 24 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 181 SU 1 BP S116 EP S120 DI 10.1086/315551 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 293LV UT WOS:000085854000020 PM 10657202 ER PT J AU Fugit, MD Rubal, BJ Donovan, DJ AF Fugit, MD Rubal, BJ Donovan, DJ TI Effects of intracoronary nicardipine, diltiazem and verapamil on coronary blood flow SO JOURNAL OF INVASIVE CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcium channel blockers; coronary blood flow; intracoronary Doppler ID NO-REFLOW; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; GUIDE-WIRE; PHARMACOLOGY; NITROGLYCERIN; INTERVENTION; ANGIOPLASTY; NIFEDIPINE; VALIDATION; REVERSAL AB Background. Intracoronary OC) calcium channel blockers (CCB) such as diltiazem and verapamil are frequently utilized during percutaneous coronary interventions to maximize coronary blood flow. Their use, however, may be Limited by systemic side effects such as hypotension and bradyarrhythmias. The vasoselective dihydropyridines, such as nicardipine, may be more effective at increasing coronary blood flow with fewer systemic side effects. This study compares the effects of nicardipine, diltiazem and verapamil on coronary blood flow, heart rate and blood pressure. Methods. IC nicardipine (200 meg), diltiazem (1 mg) and verapamil (200 meg) were serially administered in a randomized, double-blinded fashion in minimally diseased (( 30% stenosis) left anterior descending or left circumflex arteries in nine patients, Epicardial coronary artery diameter (ECAD) was determined by quantitative coronary angiography and coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV) was measured by Doppler Flowire in each patient before and after each medication. Results, Nicardipine significantly increased CBFV (p < 0.05) and had a longer duration of effect (p < 0.05), but had no difference in ECAD compared with diltiazem and verapamil, No differences were noted between CCB in changes in heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure. However, two patients had transient episodes of Type I second degree AV block after receiving diltiazem, Conclusions. When compared with diltiazem and verapamil, nicardipine appears to offer more potent and more prolonged vasodilatation with less risk of serious systemic side effects. Future studies are needed to assess the efficacy of IC nicardipine in patients with no-reflow. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Fugit, MD (reprint author), 60th Med Grp Hosp, Div Cardiol, 101 Boden Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 35 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU HEALTH MANAGEMENT PUBLICATIONSINC PI WAYNE PA 950 WEST VALLEY RD, STE 2800, WAYNE, PA 19087 USA SN 1042-3931 J9 J INVASIVE CARDIOL JI J. Invasive Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 321VM UT WOS:000087475400004 PM 10731269 ER PT J AU Obringer, JW Phipps, S Johnson, MD AF Obringer, JW Phipps, S Johnson, MD TI Genetic induction of cultured human cells by high energy, ultrashort pulse laser light SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser bioeffects; gene profile; laser safety ID DNA-DAMAGING AGENTS; NF-KAPPA-B; INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPTION; GROWTH ARREST; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; PROTEINS; HSP70; FOS AB The use of laser light for targeting devices and weapons has sharply increased the likelihood that aircrew and support personnel will be exposed to laser light during operations. The increased potential for exposure of humans highlights the need for scientifically based safety standards for laser exposure at the ultrashort pulse lengths. Current safety standards are largely extrapolations of exposure limits at longer pulse lengths using a minimal visible lesion endpoint in the rhesus monkey retinal model. A nonanimal model for assessing laser-light damage to tissue, particularly human, is quite desirous fur obvious scientific, political, and fiduciary reasons. We assessed the sublethal insult to human cells using a tissue culture system for specific genes that have been shown to be important in several biological processes that could lead to cancer or cell death. Using the CAT-Tox (L) (Xenometrix. Inc.) assay, it appears that 1064 nm, picosecond pulses of laser light is sensed and induces several stress response genes including RARE and p-53 in a dose dependent fashion. This approach provides insight into a more global methodology for characterizing environmental stressors via genetic profiling. (C) 2000 Laser Institute of America. [S1042-346X(00)00701-4]. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Obringer, JW (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 280XK UT WOS:000085128900003 ER PT J AU Smith, PR Shepard, MJ Prevey, PS Clauer, AH AF Smith, PR Shepard, MJ Prevey, PS Clauer, AH TI Effect of power density and pulse repetition on laser shock peening of Ti-6Al-4V SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE laser shock peening; LSP; residual stress; surface engineering; Ti-6A1-4V AB Laser shock peening (LSP) was applied to Ti-6Al-4V (wt. %) simulated airfoil specimens using a Nd:Glass laser. Laser shock peening processing parameters examined in the present study included power density (5.5, 7, and 9 GW/cm(2)) and number of laser pulses per spot (one and three pulses/spot). The LSP'd Ti-6Al-4V samples were examined using x-ray diffraction techniques to determine the residual stress distribution and percent cold work as a function of depth. It was found that the residual stress state and percent of cold work were relatively independent of LSP power density. However, the number of laser pulses per spot had a significant effect on both residual stress and percent of cold work for a given power density level. In addition, there was a strong correlation between the magnitude of residual compressive stresses generated and the percent cold work measured. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SW Ohio Council High Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. Lambda Res, Cincinnati, OH 45227 USA. LSP Technol, Dublin, OH 43016 USA. RP Smith, PR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 9 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1361/105994900770346259 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 296MB UT WOS:000086027200006 ER PT J AU Sim, SM Keller, KA Mah, TI AF Sim, SM Keller, KA Mah, TI TI Phase formation in yttrium aluminum garnet powders synthesized by chemical methods SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YAG CERAMICS; POLYCRYSTALLINE; PRECIPITATION; FABRICATION; SYSTEM AB Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) powders were synthesized by precipitation of hydroxides using three types of precursors: nitrates (nitrate process), isopropoxides (alkoxide process), and isopropoxides chelated with ethyl acetoacetate (modified alkoxide process). The phase development in the powders during heat treatments was investigated with DTA and XRD. An intermediate hexagonal YAlO(3) (YAH) phase was formed at 800 degrees C in all powders regardless of the synthesis processes, but its complete transformation to YAG at higher temperatures (greater than or equal to 1000 degrees C) occurred only in the powders prepared by the nitrate and modified alkoxide processes. The alkoxide process led to the largest deviation from the bulk composition, producing a single phase of YAH that transformed into YAG plus a stable YAM (Y(4)Al(2)O(9)) phase. The modified alkoxide process led to the most homogeneous bulk composition, resulting in the least amount of YAH in the powder. The poor chemical homogeneity in the powders prepared by the nitrate and alkoxide processes was attributed to the segregation of the hydroxides and to the presence of the double alkoxide, respectively. (C) 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Hongik Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Jochiwon 339701, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sim, SM (reprint author), Hongik Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Jochiwon 339701, South Korea. EM smsim@wow.hongik.ac.kr NR 30 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 35 IS 3 BP 713 EP 717 DI 10.1023/A:1004709401795 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 278NQ UT WOS:000084996200024 ER PT J AU Lackler, KP Cochran, DL Hoang, AM Takacs, V Oates, TW AF Lackler, KP Cochran, DL Hoang, AM Takacs, V Oates, TW TI Development of an in vitro wound healing model for periodontal cells SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE periodontal regeneration; wound healing; models; biological; fibroblasts; periodontal ligament/anatomy and histology ID GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION; EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; HUMAN INTRABONY DEFECTS; LIGAMENT CELLS; GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS; ATTACHMENT FORMATION; HISTOLOGIC EVALUATION; BONE ALLOGRAFT; INVITRO; COMBINATION AB Background: Periodontal wound healing and regeneration are influenced by a multitude of factors. While many in vitro investigations have compared the proliferation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and gingival fibroblasts (GF), there are no reports directly comparing the abilities of these 2 cell types to fill a wound site. As such, the goals of this research were: 1) to develop an in vitro model of wound healing which would allow for the investigation of the biologic basis of periodontal wound healing and regeneration:and 2) to compare the rates of PDL cells and GF to fill an in vitro wound site. Methods: Using both human PDL cells and GF confluent cultures, in vitro wounds were mechanically created, removing a 3 mm wide band of the cell layer. Wounded cultures were then incubated for time periods up to 12 days in media containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, and 20%) as appropriate for each experiment. Slides were fixed, stained, and cells quantified within the wound boundaries by computer-assisted histomorphometry. The effect of wounding a cell layer was determined by comparing wounded cells as described above with a cell layer margin created without physically disrupting the cell layer. Results: The in vitro model for periodontal wound healing established in this study showed that GF fill in the wound site at a significantly (P <0.0025) faster rate than PDL cells over 12 days of healing. In addition, PDL cells and GF were found to have unique concentration-dependent responses to FBS (P <0.0025). It was also shown that wounding resulted in a significant delay (P <0.01) in the initial healing response of an in vitro wound. Conclusion: This in vitro model demonstrated that the characteristics of wound healing are dependent on cell type, disruption (wounding) of the cell layer, and serum concentration. In addition, this model has incorporated both proliferation and migration to provide the first direct evidence demonstrating GF has a significantly greater ability to fill a wound site than PDL cells. This in vitro model may be utilized in future investigations of the biologic basis of periodontal wound healing. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Oates, TW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 41 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 71 IS 2 BP 226 EP 237 DI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.2.226 PG 12 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 289PA UT WOS:000085630100010 PM 10711613 ER PT J AU Bolia, RS Nelson, WT Ericson, MA Simpson, BD AF Bolia, RS Nelson, WT Ericson, MA Simpson, BD TI A speech corpus for multitalker communications research SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A database of speech samples from eight different talkers has been collected for use in multitalker communications research. Descriptions of the nature of the corpus, the data collection methodology, and the means for obtaining copies of the database are presented. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(00)00902-4]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Bolia, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 180 Z9 185 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 107 IS 2 BP 1065 EP 1066 DI 10.1121/1.428288 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 281YY UT WOS:000085190100045 PM 10687719 ER PT J AU Elston, DM McCollough, ML Bergfeld, WF AF Elston, DM McCollough, ML Bergfeld, WF TI Eosinophils in fibrous tracts and near hair bulbs: A helpful diagnostic feature of alopecia areata - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 MMID, Dermatol Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), MMID, Dermatol Serv, 59th Med Wing,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 42 IS 2 BP 306 EP 307 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90153-1 PN 1 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 281ER UT WOS:000085145400033 ER PT J AU Keller, KA Mah, TI Parthasarathy, TA Cooke, CM AF Keller, KA Mah, TI Parthasarathy, TA Cooke, CM TI Fugitive interfacial carbon coatings for oxide/oxide composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; FIBER COATINGS; INTERPHASE; MONAZITE; STRENGTH; ALUMINA AB The effectiveness of fugitive interfacial carbon coatings in Nextel(TM) 720-based composites was investigated. Dense (>90%) matrix (calcium aluminosilicate, 0 degrees and +/- 45 degrees) composites and porous matrix (mullite/alumina, eight-harness satin fabric) composites were fabricated and tensile tested in two control conditions (uncoated or carbon-coated) and with the carbon removed (fugitive interface). Results indicated that carbon removal in dense matrix composites did not significantly change unidirectional composite strength, even after long-term exposure at 1000 degrees C. For porous matrix composites, composite strength was independent of the fiber/matrix inter face, even after exposure at 1150 degrees C for 500 h in air. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Keller, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 83 IS 2 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 291XJ UT WOS:000085764600013 ER PT J AU Steinhubl, S Talley, D Kereiakes, D Braden, G Tcheng, J Casterella, P Moliterno, D Berger, P Popma, J Dangas, G Gallo, R Navetta, F Sane, D Holmes, D Teirstein, P Topol, E AF Steinhubl, S Talley, D Kereiakes, D Braden, G Tcheng, J Casterella, P Moliterno, D Berger, P Popma, J Dangas, G Gallo, R Navetta, F Sane, D Holmes, D Teirstein, P Topol, E TI A prospective multicenter study to determine the optimal level of platelet inhibition with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing coronary intervention - The GOLD study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 SU A BP 44A EP 44A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 282GL UT WOS:000085209700169 ER PT J AU Oesterle, SN Yeung, AC Lo, S Virmani, R Van Bibber, R Flaherty, JC Lamson, TC Kim, SW Garibotto, JT Tumas, MW Makower, J AF Oesterle, SN Yeung, AC Lo, S Virmani, R Van Bibber, R Flaherty, JC Lamson, TC Kim, SW Garibotto, JT Tumas, MW Makower, J TI Percutaneous in-situ coronary venous arterialization (PICVA) improves survival in response to acute ischemia in the porcine model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. SNBL USA Inc, Redmond, WA USA. TransVasc Inc, Menlo Park, CA USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 SU A BP 61A EP 61A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 282GL UT WOS:000085209700235 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, PJ McWhirter, PD Peterson, DW Kruyer, WB AF Fitzsimmons, PJ McWhirter, PD Peterson, DW Kruyer, WB TI Natural history of Wolff-Parkinson-White in 238 military aviators: Long-term follow-up of twenty-two years SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 SU A BP 155A EP 155A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 282GL UT WOS:000085209700597 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, PJ Kruyer, WB Cole, CR Lauer, MS AF Fitzsimmons, PJ Kruyer, WB Cole, CR Lauer, MS TI Chronotropic incompetence and abnormal heart rate recovery are independently associated with coronary artery disease in air force pilots SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RI Lauer, Michael/L-9656-2013 OI Lauer, Michael/0000-0002-9217-8177 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 SU A BP 210A EP 211A PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 282GL UT WOS:000085209700810 ER PT J AU Gotto, AM Beere, PA Allen, SE Cook, JR Downs, JR Clearfield, M Weis, S Langendorfer, A AF Gotto, AM Beere, PA Allen, SE Cook, JR Downs, JR Clearfield, M Weis, S Langendorfer, A TI Air Force/Texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) - Benefits of Lovastatin treatment in risk subgroups defined by framingham risk equations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 SU A BP 313A EP 314A PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 282GL UT WOS:000085209701211 ER PT J AU Kruyer, WB Zagrebelsky, V Whitney, EJ Yu, QF Langendorfer, A Beere, PA Shapiro, DR Farmer, JA Downs, JR Clearfield, M Wels, S Gotto, AM AF Kruyer, WB Zagrebelsky, V Whitney, EJ Yu, QF Langendorfer, A Beere, PA Shapiro, DR Farmer, JA Downs, JR Clearfield, M Wels, S Gotto, AM TI Air Force/Texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS) - The effect of treatment with lovastatin on the utilization of invasive cardiac procedures and the extent of angiographic disease SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 SU A BP 325A EP 325A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 282GL UT WOS:000085209701256 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, PJ Kruyer, WB Lauer, MS AF Fitzsimmons, PJ Kruyer, WB Lauer, MS TI Exercise hypertension and angiographic coronary disease among active Air Force pilots SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RI Lauer, Michael/L-9656-2013 OI Lauer, Michael/0000-0002-9217-8177 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 SU A BP 333A EP 333A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 282GL UT WOS:000085209701285 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Karpay, RI Mills, SE AF Roberts, HW Karpay, RI Mills, SE TI Dental unit waterline antimicrobial agents' effect on dentin bond strength SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; DISINFECTANTS; CHLORINATION; EFFICACY; BIOFILM AB Background. In response to concerns of bacterial bio film colonization of dental unit waterlines, a wide range of commercial intermittent and continuous chemical treatments for dental unit waterlines have been developed and marketed. There has been little research on the possible effect of continuous chemical treatment regimens on dentin-bonding agents. The authors evaluate the effect of four proposed antimicrobial agents used in dental unit waterlines on dentin bond strength. Methods. The authors used a fifth-generation dentin-bonding agent to bond composite cylinders to molar dentin surfaces. They then used selected antimicrobial agents as rinsing agents after conditioning. The composite cylinders were shear tested, and their fracture strengths were compared statistically. Results. All proposed antimicrobial agents reduced dentin bond strength. Proposed waterline treatment regimens of a diluted mouthrinse and chlorhexidine significantly reduced dentin bond strength compared with sodium hypochlorite and citric acid regimens. Conclusion. Dental professionals should be aware of potential interactions between dental unit waterline antimicrobial agents and dentin-bonding agents. Further research in this area is warranted, as the clinical implications are uncertain at this time. Clinical Implications, Dental unit waterline antimicrobial agents may adversely affect dentin bonding strength. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Dent Invest Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Hillsborough Cty Dent Res Clin, Tampa, FL USA. USAF, Inspect Agcy, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Roberts, HW (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Dent Invest Serv, 2509 Kennedy Circle,Bldg 125,Room 215, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 131 IS 2 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 281YM UT WOS:000085189100016 PM 10680385 ER PT J AU Wright, EF Domenech, MA Fischer, JR AF Wright, EF Domenech, MA Fischer, JR TI Usefulness of posture training for patients with temporomandibular disorders SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MYOFASCIAL PAIN; CRANIOMANDIBULAR DISORDERS; HEAD POSTURE; ETIOLOGY; NECK AB Background. Many practitioners have found that posture training has a positive impact on temporomandibular, or TMD, symptoms. The authors conducted a study to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods. Sixty patients with TMD and a primary muscle disorder were randomized into two groups: one group received posture training and TMD self-management instructions while the control group received TMD self-management instructions only. Four weeks after the study began, the authors reexamined the subjects for changes in symptoms, pain-free opening and pressure algometer pain thresholds. In addition, pretreatment and posttreatment posture measurements were recorded for subjects in the treatment group. Results. Statistically significant improvement was demonstrated by the modified symptom severity index, maximum pain-free opening and pressure algometer threshold measurements, as well as by the subjects' perceived TMD and neck symptoms. Subjects in the treatment group reported having experienced a mean reduction in TR;ID and neck symptoms of 41.9 and 38.2 percent, respectively, while subjects in the control group reported a mean reduction in these symptoms of 8.1 and 9.3 percent. Within the treatment group, the authors found significant correlations between improvements in TMD symptoms and improvements in neck symptoms (P <.005) as well as between TMD symptom improvement and the difference between head and shoulder posture measurements at the outset of treatment (P <.05). Conclusions. Posture training and TMD self-management instructions are significantly more effective than TMD self-management instructions alone for patients with TMD who have a primary muscle disorder. Practice Implications. Patients with TMD who hold their heads farther forward relative to the shoulders have a high probability of experiencing symptom improvement as a result of posture training and being provided with selfmanagement instructions. C1 USAF, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Wright, EF (reprint author), 83 Cross Canyon, San Antonio, TX 78247 USA. NR 34 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 131 IS 2 BP 202 EP 210 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 281YM UT WOS:000085189100019 PM 10680388 ER PT J AU Johnson, BC Chambers, MJ AF Johnson, BC Chambers, MJ TI Foodservice benchmarking: Practices, attitudes, and beliefs of foodservice directors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE AB Objectives To identify foodservice directors' use of performance measures and to determine their current practices of, and attitudes and beliefs about, benchmarking. Design A survey was conducted using a researcher-developed questionnaire that had been validated in a pilot-test. The questionnaire was mailed to 600 randomly selected foodservice directors; 247 (41%) responses were analyzed. Subjects/setting Subjects were foodservice directors in the United States from 4 categories of foodservice operations: college/university, correctional, health care, and school. Statistical analyses Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi (2) tests to investigate associations between variables of interest. Results The most common performance measures used by foodservice directors were food cost percentage, cost per unit or area of service, and meals per labor hour. Internal benchmarking had been used by 71% of the respondents, external benchmarking by 60%, and functional/generic by 25%. Seventy-seven percent of the respondents thought benchmarking had some or great importance in their jobs. Category of foodservice operation was associated with type of benchmarking partner and was related to certain performance measures. Sixty-one percent of respondents reported needing knowledge and skills about benchmarking. Applications/conclusions Foodservice directors, regardless of category of foodservice operation, perceive benchmarking as a useful management tool to improve processes, products, and services. Foodservice directors can use benchmarking to compare their financial performance with that of other organizations and learn how to improve their facility by examining best-practice processes of successful organizations. C1 SGSAD, MDSS 1, Nutr Med Serv, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, BC (reprint author), SGSAD, MDSS 1, Nutr Med Serv, 45 Pine Rd, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 100 IS 2 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00056-0 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 460MC UT WOS:000170310500012 PM 10670389 ER PT J AU Steinhubl, SR Moore, SA Lincoff, AM AF Steinhubl, SR Moore, SA Lincoff, AM TI Abciximab (ReoPro) removal during cardiopulmonary bypass with a hemoconcentrator SO JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Letter ID GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA; 7E3 C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78235 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Cardiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Steinhubl, SR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-5223 J9 J THORAC CARDIOV SUR JI J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 119 IS 2 BP 401 EP 401 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 287MM UT WOS:000085509800046 PM 10649221 ER PT J AU Hill, RR Reilly, CH AF Hill, RR Reilly, CH TI The effects of coefficient correlation structure in two-dimensional knapsack problems on solution procedure performance SO MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE product moment correlation induction; rank correlation induction; computational testing of algorithms/heuristics; empirical analysis of algorithms/heuristics; bidimensional knapsack problem; test problem generation ID GENERALIZED ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM; SINGLE-MACHINE; PROGRAMMING-PROBLEMS; TABU SEARCH; ALGORITHMS; MINIMIZE AB This paper presents the results of an empirical study of the effects of coefficient correlation structure and constraint slackness settings on the performance of solution procedures on synthetic two-dimensional knapsack problems (2KP). The population correlation structure among 2KP coefficients, the level of constraint slackness, and the type of correlation (product moment or rank) are varied in this study. Representative branch-and-bound and heuristic solution procedures are used to investigate the influence of these problem parameters on solution procedure performance. Population correlation structure, and in particular the interconstraint component of the correlation structure, is found to be a significant factor influencing the performance of both the algorithm and the heuristic. In addition, the interaction between constraint slackness and population correlation structure is found to influence solution procedure performance. C1 USAF, AFIT, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP USAF, AFIT, ENS, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM raymond.hill@afit.af.mil; reilly@iems.engr.ucf.edu NR 41 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0025-1909 EI 1526-5501 J9 MANAGE SCI JI Manage. Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 46 IS 2 BP 302 EP 317 DI 10.1287/mnsc.46.2.302.11930 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 298GJ UT WOS:000086130700009 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DH Josephs, JD Mueller, D Smith, DL Muskat, PC AF Jenkins, DH Josephs, JD Mueller, D Smith, DL Muskat, PC TI Concern over battlefield use of intravenous fluids SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 59th MDW, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Jenkins, DH (reprint author), 59th MDW, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 165 IS 2 BP II EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 285RR UT WOS:000085402300004 PM 10709365 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, FH Modica, GD Lipton, AE AF Ruggiero, FH Modica, GD Lipton, AE TI Assimilation of satellite imager data and surface observations to improve analysis of circulations forced by cloud shading contrasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE PHYSICAL MODEL; DIABATIC INITIALIZATION; MESOSCALE ANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY; INSOLATION; GENERATION; RADIATION; RETRIEVAL; SCHEME; SYSTEM AB An assimilation system that performs continuous assimilation of satellite imager data and intermittent assimilation of hourly surface observations is described. The system was applied to a case study of the southeast United States that was heavily influenced by the shading effect of an area of morning stratiform clouds. The results of analyses produced during the assimilation show improvement in the depiction of the modified surface heating effects beneath the cloudy region as well as in important convective precursors such as mass and moisture convergence and convective available potential energy in the cloudy and adjoining regions. Without assimilation of these data, the numerical model was less able to simulate these thermally forced circulations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBL, Battlespace Environm Div, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ruggiero, FH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBL, Battlespace Environm Div, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 128 IS 2 BP 434 EP 448 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<0434:AOSIDA>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 282QW UT WOS:000085230500010 ER PT J AU Lair, AV Wood, AW AF Lair, AV Wood, AW TI Large solutions of sublinear elliptic equations SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE existence; nonexistence; sublinear; superlinear; entire solutions; large solutions C1 USAF, ENC, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lair, AV (reprint author), USAF, ENC, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0362-546X J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-THEOR JI Nonlinear Anal.-Theory Methods Appl. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 39 IS 6 BP 745 EP 753 DI 10.1016/S0362-546X(98)00233-8 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 271FM UT WOS:000084583600006 ER PT J AU McCollough, C AF McCollough, C TI Do McCollough effects provide evidence for global pattern processing? SO PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLORED AFTEREFFECTS CONTINGENT; HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM; CONDITIONED-RESPONSES; ASSOCIATIVE BASIS; ADAPTATION; ESTABLISHMENT; FORM; ORIENTATION; DETECTORS; CURVATURE AB Contingent color aftereffects (CAEs, or McCollough effects) were induced using two pairs of orthogonally related patterns (horizontal/vertical and concentric/radial) to determine whether the CAEs of the four patterns are independent. Tests using composite test patterns (like those employed by Emerson, Humphrey, & Dodwell, 1985) suggested independent aftereffects. However, tests using unitary patterns indicated additive or competing effects of the four patterns in regions where line orientations were similar, and tests isolating such regions showed clear interactions between the pattern aftereffects. The results fail to support the claim that global (rather than local) features of the patterns control these CAEs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. RP McCollough, C (reprint author), 6030 S Kent, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC PI AUSTIN PA 1710 FORTVIEW RD, AUSTIN, TX 78704 USA SN 0031-5117 J9 PERCEPT PSYCHOPHYS JI Percept. Psychophys. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 62 IS 2 BP 350 EP 362 DI 10.3758/BF03205555 PG 13 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 290AE UT WOS:000085653500010 PM 10723214 ER PT J AU Debray, P Vasilopoulos, P Raichev, O Perrin, R Rahman, M Mitchel, WC AF Debray, P Vasilopoulos, P Raichev, O Perrin, R Rahman, M Mitchel, WC TI Experimental observation of Coulomb drag in parallel ballistic quantum wires SO PHYSICA E LA English DT Article DE Coulomb drag; ballistic transport; drag resistance; quantum wires ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; SPATIALLY SEPARATED ELECTRON; COUPLED PLASMON MODES; HOLE LAYERS; FIELD; GASES; TRANSPORT; FRICTION; WELLS AB We report the experimental observation of Coulomb drag in two parallel, ballistic quantum wires fabricated from a high-mobility 2DEG at the interface of a AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure and defined by three independent Schottky gates. The Coulomb drag resistance R-D in wire 1 due to a drive current in wire 2 was measured at 1.3 It and in a magnetic field of 1 T, applied to completely suppress tunneling between the wires when their separation was small. As the widths of the wires are changed by appropriately biasing the Schottky gates, R-D shows a structure with peaks whose magnitudes decrease rapidly with the distance d between the centers of the wires, These results can be understood qualitatively in the framework of recent theoretical treatments, which predict peaks in R-D when the level splitting between the 1D subbands of the wires and the Fermi momentum k(F) are small. The peak is strongest for the lowest subbands and weakens;ens rapidly for higher ones. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Etat Condense, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. USAF, Res Lab, MLPO, Dayton, OH USA. Concordia Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP Debray, P (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Etat Condense, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD FEB PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 694 EP 697 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(99)00175-7 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 291ZX UT WOS:000085770600165 ER PT J AU Kim, S McLaughlin, D Potasek, M AF Kim, S McLaughlin, D Potasek, M TI Propagation of the electromagnetic field in optical-limiting reverse-saturable absorbers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION AB Reverse-saturable absorbers are of considerable interest for optical limiting. Using the electric dipole per turbation, we derived the rate equation for a five-level system describing reverse-saturable absorbers. Traditional theories for the propagating laser beam in these materials are expressed in terms of the optical intensity. However, with the introduction of high-power short-pulsed lasers, the propagation of light in these materials may be subject to nonlinear phenomena such as self-focusing and self-phase modulation. Furthermore, conventional theories treat the laser light as a continuous wave or as a very broad temporal pulse in which dispersive effects are neglected. In order to incorporate these other nonlinear or dispersive effects, and therefore determine their influence in reverse-saturable absorbers, we derived an equation for the propagation of the electromagnetic field, rather than the intensity, coupled to the rate equations for a five-level system. We also coupled our theory to experimentally measurable parameters for these materials and detailed the various physical approximations used to obtain the rate equations. C1 NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2000 VL 61 IS 2 AR 025801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.61.025801 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 284MV UT WOS:000085336900125 ER PT J AU Lemke, RW Genoni, TC Spencer, TA AF Lemke, RW Genoni, TC Spencer, TA TI Investigation of rising-sun magnetrons operated at relativistic voltages using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION AB This work is an attempt to elucidate effects that may limit efficiency in magnetrons operated at relativistic voltages (V similar to 500 kV). Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation is used to investigate the behavior of 14 and 22 cavity, cylindrical, rising-sun magnetrons. Power is extracted radially through a single iris located at the end of every other cavity. Numerical results show that in general output power and efficiency increase approximately linearly with increasing iris width (decreasing vacuum Q) until the total Q becomes too low for stable oscillation in the pi-mode to be maintained. Beyond this point mode competition and/or switching occur and efficiency decreases. Results reveal that the minimum value of Q (maximum efficiency) that can be achieved prior to the onset of mode competition is significantly affected by the magnitude of the 0-space-harmonic of the pi-mode, a unique characteristic of rising suns, and by the magnitude of the electron current density (space-charge effects). By minimizing these effects, up to 3.7 GW output power has been produced at an efficiency of 40%. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(00)03502-3]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lemke, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2000 VL 7 IS 2 BP 706 EP 714 DI 10.1063/1.873856 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 275LY UT WOS:000084822700036 ER PT J AU Buchi, RH Paterson, K Gowers, CJ AF Buchi, RH Paterson, K Gowers, CJ TI Elimination of chromates in paint preparation SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT Article AB Reduction and elimination of chromate-containing wastes is a major pollution prevention goal. One of the most pervasive uses of material containing chromate is in the treatment of aluminum with chromate conversion coating. Researchers at Hill Air Force Base in Utah have found an environmentally friendly solution that leaves a thin film on the substrate, which passivates the surface and enhances paint adhesion for the prepping of aircraft. This paper contains test data and a model of the new conversion coating, and covers some of the Hill AFB work on the cleaning of substrates. RP Buchi, RH (reprint author), 7278 4th st, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 USA SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 87 IS 2 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 285AA UT WOS:000085364000002 ER PT J AU Williams, RL Henry, JM Repperger, DW AF Williams, RL Henry, JM Repperger, DW TI Evaluation of rate-based, force-reflecting teleoperation in free motion and contact SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION AB This research focuses on improved control for force-reflecting teleoperation systems in free motion and contact tasks. Specifically, the Naturally Transitioning Rate-to-Force Controller (NTRFC) is implemented in an Air Force experimental force-reflecting teleoperation system to achieve a unified controller with no mode switches from free motion to contact, and to reduce the wrench exerted on the environment by the slave manipulator during remote teleoperation tasks. In an effectiveness evaluation experiment, the experimental hypothesis is validated: the NTRFC with force reflection performs the best amongst four teleoperation control modes with respect to minimal wrench exertion on the environment. A negligible difference was found in total task-completion times amongst the four modes. The NTRFC with force reflection has the potential to improve task performance in remote, hazardous, teleoperation tasks in which minimal exerted wrench is desirable. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. AFRL, HECP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williams, RL (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 9 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1162/105474600566592 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 305VN UT WOS:000086561400003 ER PT J AU Campbell, MH Prichard, ST AF Campbell, MH Prichard, ST TI Factor structure of the college adjustment scales SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The present study examined the underlying structure of the College Adjustment Scales via principal components analysis. A correlation matrix of the nine subscales showed significant multicolinearity. A subsequent principal components analysis demonstrated that one factor accounted for 57% of the total variance and that the majority of subscales were moderately correlated with this single factor. The results suggest that the College Adjustment Scales may measure the same underlying construct and that the clinical distinctions implied by subscale scores should be regarded with caution. Conclusions are constrained by sample size and demographic characteristics, but the results suggest, the need for further empirical validation of the College Adjustment Scales, which may be useful in college counseling centers. C1 Univ S Florida, New Coll, Counseling & Wellness Ctr, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. USAF, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Campbell, MH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, New Coll, Counseling & Wellness Ctr, 5700 N Tamiami Trail, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS PI MISSOULA PA P O BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 86 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 300GA UT WOS:000086243500012 PM 10778253 ER PT J AU Mall, S Hsu, TL AF Mall, S Hsu, TL TI Electromechanical fatigue behavior of graphite/epoxy laminate embedded with piezoelectric actuator SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE AB Fatigue behavior of graphite/epoxy laminate, having [0/+/-45/90](S) lay-up and embedded with piezoelectric (lead zirconate-titanate, PZT) actuator, was investigated under combined mechanical and electrical cycling loading condition, and in only mechanical fatigue condition. The PZT was inserted into a cutout area in the two middle 90 plies. Experiments involved cycling of specimens at different maximum stress levels along with the excitation of the embedded actuator from - 10 V to - 100 V or 10 V to 100 V, which resulted in either in-phase or out-of-phase electrically induced strain relative to the applied mechanical loading or strain. In general, embedded PZT performed better in the out-of-phase than in the in-phase electromechanical fatigue condition. The fatigue life of the embedded PZT was more than one million cycles, for the applied maximum stress level well above its design limit in the out-of phase electromechanical and in only mechanical fatigue conditions. The embedded PZT failed before one million cycles during the in-phase test at the applied maximum stress equal to its design limit. Above this stress level, a sharp reduction in the fatigue life occurred during the in-phase electromechanical cycling condition. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFIT, ENY,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 9 IS 1 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/9/1/308 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 290PY UT WOS:000085685900008 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Creatine SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 22 IS 1 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 307ZA UT WOS:000086683000003 ER PT J AU Prasad, SV Walck, SD Zabinski, JS AF Prasad, SV Walck, SD Zabinski, JS TI Microstructural evolution in lubricious ZnO films grown by pulsed laser deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE coatings; electron microscopy; tribology; zinc oxide ID SPUTTERED ZINC-OXIDE; TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; RF; ORIENTATION; TEMPERATURE AB Zinc oxide (ZnO) is well known to the electronic industry as a piezoelectric material. Recent research from this laboratory also indicates the potential of ZnO as a tribological material. The current work describes the evolution of microstructure with deposition parameters in pulsed laser deposited ZnO thin films, specifically targeted for friction and wear applications. Films were characterized by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Friction and wear measurements were made using a ball-on-disk tribometer. Films were grown in vacuum (V) as well as in 5 mTorr of oxygen (O-2), while the substrates were kept at room temperature (RT). The RT/V ZnO films have (002) columnar texture with an average column width of 20 nm. The RT/O-2 films also are nanoclumnar with (002) texture, but each column is a mosaic of low-angle boundaries. Deformation mechanisms associated with nanocrystalline grain structure were analyzed with particular reference to sliding contact. Mechanisms to provide the observed low friction of RT/O-2 films (mu = 0.15-0.20) have been activated by its mosaic structure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. PPG Ind, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prasad, SV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1407, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 36 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 360 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00880-9 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 285ZQ UT WOS:000085418600019 ER PT J AU Fisher, JW Dorman, DC Medinsky, MA Welsch, F Conolly, RB AF Fisher, JW Dorman, DC Medinsky, MA Welsch, F Conolly, RB TI Analysis of respiratory exchange of methanol in the lung of the monkey using a physiological model SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE inhaled methanol; metabolism; physiologically based pharmacokinetic model; relative respiratory uptake (RRU); lung-only exposure system ID PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; INHALED METHANOL; HUMANS; RATS; FORMATE; ACID; TOXICITY; ETHANOL; VAPORS; MICE AB A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed for the monkey, to account for fractional systemic uptake of inhaled methanol vapors in the lung. Fractional uptake of inhaled [C-14]-methanol was estimated using unreported exhaled breath time course measurements of [C-14]-methanol from the D. C. Dorman et al, (1994, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 128, 229-238) lung-only exposure study. The cumulative amount of [C-14]-methanol exhaled was linear with respect to exposure duration (0.5 to 2 h) and concentration (10 to 900 ppm). The model estimated that forty to eighty-one percent of the of inhaled [C-14]-methanol delivered to the lung was taken into systemic circulation in female Cynomolgus monkeys exposed for two h to 10-900 ppm of [C-14]methanol. There was no apparent trend between the percent of inhaled [C-14]-methanol absorbed systemically and the [C-14]-methanol exposure concentration. Model simulations were conducted using a single saturable Michaelis-Menten equation with Vmaxc, the metabolic capacity set to 15.54 mg/kg/h and Km, the affinity constant, to 0.66 mg/l. The [C-14]-methanol blood concentrations were variable across [C-14]-methanol exposure groups and the PBPK model tended to over-predict systemic clearance of [C-14]- methanol, Accounting for fractional uptake of inhaled polar solvents is an important consideration for risk assessment of inhaled polar solvents. C1 Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Fisher, JW (reprint author), AFRL, HEST, 2856 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 53 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1093/toxsci/53.2.185 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 283ZP UT WOS:000085306200004 PM 10696766 ER PT J AU Prasad, SV McDevitt, NT Zabinski, JS AF Prasad, SV McDevitt, NT Zabinski, JS TI Tribology of tungsten disulfide-nanocrystalline zinc oxide adaptive lubricant films from ambient to 500 degrees C SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE tribology; tungsten disulfide; zinc oxide ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURES; CHEMISTRY AB Tungsten disulfide (WS2)-zinc oxide (ZnO) composite is a candidate material that exhibits adaptive lubricant behavior. Adaptive lubricants undergo chemical changes with changing environment to provide lubrication in extreme environments. In the current study, the tribological characteristics of WS2-nanocrystalline ZnO films have been investigated from ambient to 500 degrees C. The composite films were powder burnished on inconel substrates. Using a bah-on-flat tribometer, friction tests were conducted on WS2-ZnO nanocomposite films containing 50% by weight of the oxide. For comparison, measurements were made on pure WS2 films burnished under identical conditions. The room temperature tests were performed in dry nitrogen, while the elevated temperature tests were run in air. Wear scars and transfer films on the counterface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that the nanocrystalline ZnO additive resulted in significant reduction in friction coefficient of WS, both at 300 degrees C as well as at room temperature. Third-body analyses from 300 degrees C tears revealed that tribooxidation is less prevalent in nanocomposite films. At 500 degrees C, the friction coefficient of pure WS2 films increased to 0.50 within the first 2000 cycles, whereas the nanocomposite films lasted the. entire duration of 10,000 cycles with steady state friction coefficient of 0.22. Raman spectroscopy identified the formation of zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) during the 500 degrees C triborests, confirming the adaptive lubricant concept in WS2-ZnO nanocomposites. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RAMSPEC Res, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1407,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM svprasa@sandia.gov NR 32 TC 52 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 EI 1873-2577 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD FEB PY 2000 VL 237 IS 2 BP 186 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00329-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 295AV UT WOS:000085944500004 ER PT J AU Christe, KO Zhang, XZ Bau, R Hegge, J Olah, GA Prakash, GKS Sheehy, JA AF Christe, KO Zhang, XZ Bau, R Hegge, J Olah, GA Prakash, GKS Sheehy, JA TI Relative abilities of fluorine and chlorine to stabilize carbenium ions: Crystal structures of two fluoro-substituted carbocations and of As2F11- SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; BASIS-SETS; BACK-DONATION; PENTAFLUORIDE; EXCHANGE; ELEMENTS; CATIONS; ANIONS; ATOMS; GA AB The first crystal structures of fluoro-substituted carbocations and of the AS(2)F(11)(-) anion are reported. The experimental geometries of the carbenium ions in [(CH3)(2)CF]+AsF6-, [(m-CF3C6H4) (C6H5)CF](+) AsF6-, and [(m-CF3C6H4)(C6H5)CF](+)AS(2)F(11)(-) and their comparison with that of the [(o-ClC6H4)(C6H5)CCl](+) cation show that, in accord with previous theoretical calculations, chlorine stabilizes carbenium ions more efficiently than fluorine. The C-13 and F-19 NMR spectra of the [(m-CF3C6H4)(C6H5)CF](+) cation were recorded and analyzed with the help of RHF/6-31G(d,p) calculations using the GIAO method. In each of the three fluoro-substituted carbocation crystal structures studied, the carbenium centers are further stabilized by forming two fluorine bridges with the anions, resulting in distorted trigonal bipyramidal environments around the carbenium centers. The [F5As-F-AsF5](-) anion in [(m-CF3C6H4)(C6H5)CF]+As2F11- possesses a symmetric fluorine bridge with an As-F-As angle of 156.5(13)degrees and staggered AsF4 groups. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Sci & Adv Concepts Div, AFRLS PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 57 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 26 PY 2000 VL 122 IS 3 BP 481 EP 487 DI 10.1021/ja9933137 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 278UM UT WOS:000085007400008 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Subramanian, PR Mendiratta, MG Dimiduk, DM AF Parthasarathy, TA Subramanian, PR Mendiratta, MG Dimiduk, DM TI Phenomenological observations of lamellar orientation effects on the creep behavior of Ti-48at. %Al PST crystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; POLYCRYSTALS; ALLOYS AB The anisotropy in creep behavior of a PST crystal was examined using crystals of the composition Ti-48Al in three different orientations, phi = 0 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees, in the temperature range of 700-815 degrees C. In addition, a fully lamellar Ti-48Al polycrystal of similar lamellar spacing was also tested under identical conditions for comparison. Significant anisotropy was observed at all the three temperatures of teal. In both primary and secondary stages, the 0 degrees PST material was consistently the strongest and the 45 degrees the weakest, with the polycrystal behaving much like the 45 degrees PST crystals. The anisotropy could not be rationalized based on either Schmid factor differences or alpha(2) anisotropy. The beneficial effects of orientation are observed to be similar to those of alloying additions of C or Si. It is anticipated that fully lamellar textured polycrystals will be significantly superior to polycrystalline materials having a random grain orientation in both primary and secondary-stage creep behavior. (C) 2000 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Lid. Ali rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 30 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN 24 PY 2000 VL 48 IS 2 BP 541 EP 551 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00347-X PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 284ER UT WOS:000085318200015 ER PT J AU Kaspi, R Moeller, C Ongstad, A Tilton, ML Gianardi, D Dente, G Gopaladasu, P AF Kaspi, R Moeller, C Ongstad, A Tilton, ML Gianardi, D Dente, G Gopaladasu, P TI Absorbance spectroscopy and identification of valence subband transitions in type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIDWAVE-INFRARED-LASERS AB We describe the molecular-beam epitaxy growth, as well as both the structural and optical characterization of a set of InAs/GaSb type-II strained-layer superlattice samples, in which the GaSb layer thickness is systematically increased. Absorbance spectroscopy measurements show well-defined features associated with transitions from the various valence subbands to the lowest conduction subband, and also a significant blueshift of the band edge when the GaSb layers thickness is increased. Empirical pseudopotential method calculations are shown to successfully predict the blueshift and help identify the higher-energy transitions. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02504-3]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DELS, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. Boeing Def & Space Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. GCD Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DELS, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 24 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 4 BP 409 EP 411 DI 10.1063/1.125770 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 276LP UT WOS:000084879500005 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Williams, S Arnold, ST Dotan, I Morris, RA Viggiano, AA AF Midey, AJ Williams, S Arnold, ST Dotan, I Morris, RA Viggiano, AA TI Rate constants and branching ratios for the reactions of various positive ions with naphthalene from 300 to 1400 K SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ion molecule; rate constants; kinetics; naphthalene; high temperature; combustion; ion chemistry ID AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CATIONS; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; MOLECULE REACTIONS; ENERGY; PHOTOIONIZATION; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; PHOTODISSOCIATION; FRAGMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERSTELLAR AB Temperature dependent rate constants and branching ratios are reported for the reactions of a variety of ions with recombination energies ranging from 9.26 eV (NO+) to 21.56 eV (Ne+) with naphthalene. For most ions, the measurements are made between 300 and 370 K in a variable temperature-selected ion flow tube (VT-SIFT). For the reactions of Ar+ and N-2(+) data have also been measured between 300 and 500 K in the selected ion flow tube. In addition, for the reactions of O-2(+) and N-2(+), data have been obtained between 500 and 1400 K in a high temperature flowing afterglow (HTFA). These are among the first determinations of branching ratios for ion-molecule reactions measured over 700 K. All reactions are found to proceed at the Langevin collision rate for all temperatures studied. The reactions proceed by nondissociative and dissociative charge transfer except for the reaction involving F+ where some of the reactivity is attributed to chemical channels. No dissociative charge transfer is observed for ions with recombination energies equal to or less than that for N-2(+) at room temperature. At higher temperatures in the N-2(+) reaction and for ions with higher recombination energies (F+, Ne+), naphthalene cation dissociation is observed, implying a threshold over 16 eV, This value is substantially higher than the known thermodynamic threshold because of kinetic shifts and quenching of the excited state of C10H8+ by collisions with the helium buffer gas. The observed product thresholds and branching ratios are presented within the context of previous work and the implications for combustion chemistry are discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom Air Force Base, MA 01731 USA. EM viggiano@plh.af.mil NR 49 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 21 PY 2000 VL 195 SI SI BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00187-6 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 277HR UT WOS:000084927100029 ER PT J AU Miller, AES Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Morris, RA Paulson, JF AF Miller, AES Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Morris, RA Paulson, JF TI Methyl bonding to Fe and Fe(CO)(n): reactions of Fe- and Fe(CO)(n)(-) with methyl halides SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE iron carbonyl; iron-methyl bond energies; negative ion-molecule reactions ID GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; METAL-CARBONYL ANIONS; CAPTURE RATE CONSTANTS; COMPLEX NEGATIVE-IONS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENTS; INTRINSIC BARRIERS; ELECTRON-AFFINITY AB Rate constants for atomic iron anion and successively ligated anions Fe(CO), (n = 0-4) reacting with CH3X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) were measured using a selected-ion flow tube apparatus. The results indicate that X- formation occurs as the dominant channel when exothermic, Other observed reaction channels are ligand exchange (with CH3 and X replacing two CO), halogen-atom abstraction and adduct formation. Fe(CO)(4)(-) is too stable for a reaction with CH3X to develop by any channel. Fe(CO)(2)(-) displays a rich chemistry. Information on the bond strengths, D[Fe(CO)(n)-CH3], is deduced from the results. Under the assumption that the X- product channel is observed if exothermic, we calculate the homolytic iron-methyl bond energies 0.13 eV less than or equal to D[Fe-CH3] less than or equal to 1.76 eV, D[Fe(CO)-CH3] = 1.2 +/- 0.2 eV. D[Fe(CO)(2)-CH3] = 1.3 +/- 0.3 eV, D[Fe(CO)(3)-CH3] < 1.4 eV, and D[Fe(CO)(4)-CH3] < 2.1 eV. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, MA 01731 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, MA 01731 USA. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 21 PY 2000 VL 195 SI SI BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00217-1 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 277HR UT WOS:000084927100030 ER PT J AU Van Doren, JM Kerr, DM Hargus, MD Foley, WM McSweeney, SA Miller, TM Morris, RA Viggiano, AA Knighton, WB AF Van Doren, JM Kerr, DM Hargus, MD Foley, WM McSweeney, SA Miller, TM Morris, RA Viggiano, AA Knighton, WB TI Competition between nondissociative and dissociative electron attachment to halogenated cyclic alkenes in the gas phase SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE electron attachment; flowing afterglow Langmuir probe; kinetics; 1,2-dichlorohexafluoropentene; 1,2-dichlorooctafluorocyclohexene ID ANIONS; SF6; ION AB A flowing-afterglow Langmuir probe apparatus with mass spectral analysis war used to measure rate constants, identify reaction products, and measure branching fractions for electron attachment to 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclopentene (c-C5F6Cl2) and 1,2-dichlorooctafluorocyclohexene (c-C(6)F(8)Ci(2)) over the temperature range 295-555 K and buffer gas density range of 1.3-2.1 x 10(16) cm(-3). Electron attachment to both of these compounds is efficient over this temperature range and the rate coefficient for attachment is relatively independent of temperature. At 295 K the electron attachment rate coefficient for c-C5F6Cl2 is 2.5 +/- 0.6 x 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1) and for c-C6F8Cl2 is 3.5 +/- 0.9 x 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1). At 300 K, electron attachment to both neutral reactants is predominantly nondissociative. At higher temperatures, a dissociative reaction channel forming Cl- is observed for both reaction systems. Significant branching fractions For Cl- (greater than or equal to 0.05) are observed at temperatures greater than 425 K for c-C5F6Cl2 and at temperatures greater than 375 K for c-C6F8Cl2. Over the temperature range of 300-550 K the branching fractions for formation of the nondissociative and dissociative products were not dependent on buffer gas density in the range of 1.3-2.1 x 10(16) cm(-3). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Van Doren, JM (reprint author), Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 21 PY 2000 VL 195 SI SI BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00190-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 277HR UT WOS:000084927100045 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MW Gordon, MS Boatz, JA AF Schmidt, MW Gordon, MS Boatz, JA TI Cubic fuels? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE high energy density materials; rocket fuels ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; ENERGY-DENSITY MATERIALS; SYSTEMATIC SUBSTITUTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; TRANSITION-STATE; TETRAHEDRAL N-4; STRAIN ENERGIES AB The cubic molecules C4O4, N-8, and Si8R8 are considered as possible high-energy propellants. The potential energy surface minimum for C4O4 is found to be incapable of supporting any bound vibrational levels. N-8's decomposition to 4 N-2 is mapped in detail, but the initial barrier of its rather complicated dissociation is too modest to allow hope for its handling in bulk quantity. Si8H8 is found to be the most promising additive among the four R's considered, but simulation of its combustion in an LH2/LOX rocket gives only a 6-s specific impulse enhancement. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 79 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JAN 20 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 3 BP 434 EP 446 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 267XE UT WOS:000084383900012 ER PT J AU Jacobson, MP Coy, SL Field, RW Lipson, SJ Lockwood, RB Vititoe, DL Blumberg, WAM Armstrong, PS AF Jacobson, MP Coy, SL Field, RW Lipson, SJ Lockwood, RB Vititoe, DL Blumberg, WAM Armstrong, PS TI Numerical pattern recognition analysis of CO atmospheric simulation experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED CROSS-CORRELATION; ROBUST ESTIMATION; SPECTRA; STATES; THERMOSPHERE; RELAXATION; RADIANCE; EMISSION AB A technique entitled Hybrid Linear Pattern Analysis (HLPA), which represents a combination of model-based and pattern recognition-based approaches to the analysis of spectroscopic data, is introduced and applied to the analysis of time-resolved infrared emission spectra of ground electronic state (X(1)Sigma(+)) CO obtained in atmospheric simulation experiments. The spectra are highly congested and consist of incompletely resolved, overlapping v' - v" = 1 emission bands from v' = 1 up to at least v' = 12. The analysis of the time dependence of the emission intensity in the various vibrational bands had been stymied by a severe optical opacity effect in the v' = 1 --> 0 emission, which is difficult to simulate; thus, conventional least-squares fitting could not be used confidently to determine the time-dependent emission intensity of this band, or that of at least three other emission bands that overlap strongly with it. The HLPA technique permits an alternate approach in which the v' = 1 --> 0 emission band is considered to be an unknown pattern that is identified by the Extended Cross Correlation (XCC) pattern recognition technique (J. Chem. Phys. 1997, 107, 8349). The intensity profiles of the other bands, however, can be predicted accurately based on the experimental parameters, and this knowledge is used in conjunction with the results of the XCC to determine the time dependence of all of the vibrational bands, and the intensity profile of the v = 1 --> 0 emission band. C1 MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, George R Harrison Spect Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Stewart Radiance Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Field, RW (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Jacobson, Matthew/0000-0001-6262-655X NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 20 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 2 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1021/jp9924732 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 278TX UT WOS:000085006000009 ER PT J AU McDaniel, GY Fenstermaker, ST Walker, DE Lampert, WV Mukhopadhyay, SM Holloway, PH AF McDaniel, GY Fenstermaker, ST Walker, DE Lampert, WV Mukhopadhyay, SM Holloway, PH TI Electron-stimulated oxidation of silicon carbide SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adsorption kinetics; Auger electron spectroscopy (AES); carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; models of surface kinetics; oxidation; oxygen; silicon carbide ID BEAM; SPECTROSCOPY; CONTACTS; OXYGEN; SI AB Auger Electron spectroscopy was used to study electron-stimulated oxidation (ESO) of SIG. The rate of oxidation was investigated as a function of electron-beam exposure (on and off), primary electron-beam energy (3-6 keV), electron-beam current (25-500 nA) and total chamber pressure. The oxidation rate correlated with overall chamber pressure rather than the partial pressure of H2O, CO or CO2 alone. The rate decreased as the primary-beam voltage E-p was increased. The oxidation rate increased as the primary-beam current was increased at higher pressures (2.2 x 10(-7) Torr). Oxidation did not occur in the absence of the electron beam. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP McDaniel, GY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 20 PY 2000 VL 445 IS 2-3 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(99)01028-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 280CW UT WOS:000085085500005 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Dotan, I Morris, RA AF Viggiano, AA Dotan, I Morris, RA TI Ion-molecule branching ratios at high temperature: Vibrational energy promotes formation of new channels in the reaction of O-2(+) with CH4 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A High-Temperature Flowing Afterglow (HTFA) instrument has been modified to allow measurements of ion-molecule branching ratios at temperatures above 700 K for the first time. The technique is capable of temperatures at least as high as 1400 K, and here we report the branching ratios for the reactions of O-2(+) with CH4 and CD4 measured at 1400 K (for the reaction of O-2(+) with CH4, the rate constant was also measured). Comparison to work using drift tube and guided ion beam techniques shows that heating the CHI vibrations produces new reaction product channels and enhances others. In particular, HCO+, CH3O+, and H2O+ products are seen for the first time, and the H3O+ product is much more intense in comparison with experiments on vibrationally cold CH4. The previously observed products CH3+ and CH4+ are comparable to those found with vibrationally cold CH4. We conclude that vibrational excitation promotes those channels which require extensive bond rearrangement. Vibrational energy is found not only to promote the new channels but also to enhance the overall reaction rate. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 19 PY 2000 VL 122 IS 2 BP 352 EP 356 DI 10.1021/ja992419z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 278PW UT WOS:000084999000018 ER PT J AU Yang, JW Lunev, A Simin, G Chitnis, A Shatalov, M Khan, MA Van Nostrand, JE Gaska, R AF Yang, JW Lunev, A Simin, G Chitnis, A Shatalov, M Khan, MA Van Nostrand, JE Gaska, R TI Selective area deposited blue GaN-InGaN multiple-quantum well light emitting diodes over silicon substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report on fabrication and characterization of blue GaN-InGaN multi-quantum well (MQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) over (111) silicon substrates. Device epilayers were fabricated using unique combination of molecular beam epitaxy and low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth procedure in selective areas defined by openings in a SiO2 mask over the substrates. This selective area deposition procedure in principle can produce multicolor devices using a very simple fabrication procedure. The LEDs had a peak emission wavelength of 465 nm with a full width at half maximum of 40 nm. We also present the spectral emission data with the diodes operating up to 250 degrees C. The peak emission wavelengths are measured as a function of both dc and pulse bias current and plate temperature to estimate the thermal impedance. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)01103-7]. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, SC 29028 USA. AFRL, MLPA, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45423 USA. Sensor Elect Technol Inc, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Yang, JW (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, SC 29028 USA. NR 6 TC 112 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 17 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 3 BP 273 EP 275 DI 10.1063/1.125745 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 272WZ UT WOS:000084675100008 ER PT J AU Lavine, BK Ritter, J Moores, AJ Wilson, M Faruque, A Mayfield, HT AF Lavine, BK Ritter, J Moores, AJ Wilson, M Faruque, A Mayfield, HT TI Source identification of underground fuel spills by solid-phase microextraction/high-resolution gas chromatography/genetic algorithms SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES; CONTAMINATION; GROUNDWATER; COMPONENTS; ERROR AB Solid-phase microextraction (SPME), capillary column gas chromatography, and pattern recognition methods were used to develop a potential method for typing jet fuels so a spill sample in the environment can be traced to its source. The test data consisted of gas chromatograms from 180 neat jet fuel samples representing common aviation turbine fuels found in the United States (JP-4, Jet-A, JP-7, JPTS, JP-5, JP-8). SPME sampling of the fuel's headspace afforded well-resolved reproducible profiles, which were standardized using special peak-matching software. The peak-matching procedure yielded 84 standardized retention time windows, though not all peaks were present in all gas chromatograms. A genetic algorithm (GA) was employed to identify features (in the standardized chromatograms of the neat jet fuels) suitable for pattern recognition analysis. The GA selected peaks, whose two largest principal components showed clustering of the chromatograms on the basis of fuel type. The principal component analysis routine in the fitness function of the GA acted as an information filter, significantly reducing the size of the search space, since it restricted the search to feature subsets whose variance is primarily about differences between the various fuel types in the training set. In addition, the GA focused on those classes and/or samples that were difficult to classify as it trained using a form of boosting. Samples that consistently classify correctly were not as heavily weighted as samples that were difficult to classify. Over time, the GA learned its optimal parameters in a manner similar to a perceptron. The pattern recognition GA integrated aspects of strong and weak learning to yield a "smart" one-pass procedure for feature selection. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. ALEQ, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Lavine, BK (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 72 IS 2 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1021/ac9904967 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 276BG UT WOS:000084855300023 PM 10658340 ER PT J AU Haus, JW Hayduk, M Kaechele, W Shaulov, G Theimer, J Teegarden, K Wicks, G AF Haus, JW Hayduk, M Kaechele, W Shaulov, G Theimer, J Teegarden, K Wicks, G TI A mode-locked fiber laser with a chirped grating mirror SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE modelocked lasers; optical fibers; nonlinear waves ID SATURABLE ABSORBER; LOCKING; PULSES AB A novel fiber laser was built using a multiple-quantum well mode-locking element and a chirped fiber grating to balance dispersion and nonlinearity. Energetic pulses as short as 2 ps were generated in the cavity and propagated in a fiber to determine the pulse characteristics. Laser cavity modeling and pulse propagation simulations are in good agreement with experiments. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Tyco Submarine Syst Ltd, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Haus, JW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 174 IS 1-4 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00692-6 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 280ZA UT WOS:000085132600026 ER PT J AU Kukk, E Bozek, JD Sheehy, JA Langhoff, PW Berrah, N AF Kukk, E Bozek, JD Sheehy, JA Langhoff, PW Berrah, N TI Angular distribution of molecular-field- and spin-orbit-split sulfur 2p photoemission in OCS: a sensitive probe of the molecular environment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AUGER SPECTRUM; HCL; PHOTOIONIZATION; H2S AB Angle-resolved sulfur 2p photoelectron spectra from the OCS molecule are reported in very high electron and photon energy resolution. The measurements reveal significant differences in the angular distributions of ejected electrons associated with different core-level ionic multiplet states. A concomitant theoretical analysis relates these data to the perturbing effects of spinorbit and molecular-field splittings, and indicates that the measured angular distributions in high resolution provide a new and sensitive probe of the molecular body-frame environment in the absence of explicit sample alignment. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Kukk, E (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 1 BP L51 EP L57 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/33/1/107 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 282VA UT WOS:000085239200007 ER PT J AU Litts, DA Moe, K Roadman, CH Janke, R Miller, J AF Litts, DA Moe, K Roadman, CH Janke, R Miller, J TI Suicide prevention among active duty Air Force personnel - United States, 1990-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 48, pg 1053-1057, 1999) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USAF, Dept Def, Suicide Integrated Prod Team, Washington, DC 20330 USA. CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Litts, DA (reprint author), USAF, Dept Def, Suicide Integrated Prod Team, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 12 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 2 BP 193 EP 194 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 272QA UT WOS:000084661400011 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL TI Wiener-like correlation filters SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; SIGNAL-DEPENDENT NOISE; PHASE-ONLY FILTERS; SIMULATED ANNEALING ALGORITHM; TRADE-OFF FILTERS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; CORRELATION PEAK; REDUCTION; RATIO AB We introduce a new, to our knowledge, design for a Wiener-Like correlation filter, which consists of cascading a phase-only filter (POF) with a photoreactive Wiener-like filter. Its performance is compared with that of the POF and the Wiener correlation filter (WCF). Correlation results show that for intermediate and higher levels of noise this correlation filter has a peak-to-noise ratio that is larger than that of either the POF or the WCF while still preserving a correlation peak that is almost as high as that of the POF. OCIS codes: 070.4550, 160.5320, 090.0090, 100.5010, 200.4740. C1 Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), Lartec Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. EM gianino@maxwell.rl.plh.af.mil NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 10 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 2 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1364/AO.39.000231 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 272CK UT WOS:000084632800003 PM 18337890 ER PT J AU Bergeron, K Coutsias, EA Lynov, JP Nielsen, AH AF Bergeron, K Coutsias, EA Lynov, JP Nielsen, AH TI Dynamical properties of forced shear layers in an annular geometry SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL PLASMA TURBULENCE; VORTICAL STRUCTURES; VORTEX DYNAMICS; FLOW; INSTABILITY; WAVES AB Results of numerical simulations of a forced shear flow in an annular geometry are presented. The particular geometry used in this work reduces the effects of centrifugal and Coriolis forces. However, there are still a large number of system parameters (shear width, shear profile, radius of curvature, initial conditions, etc.) to characterize. This set of variables is limited after the code has been validated with experimental results (Rabaud & Couder 1983; Chomaz et al. 1988) and with the associated linear stability analysis. As part of the linear stability characterization, the pseudo-spectrum for the associated Orr-Sommerfeld operator for plane, circular Couette flow is calculated, and it is found to be insensitive to perturbations. The numerical simulation code is a highly accurate de-aliased spectral method which utilizes banded operators to increase the computational efficiency. Viscous dissipation terms enter the code directly from the equations of motion. The results from the simulation code at low Reynolds numbers are compared with the results from linear stability analysis and are used to give predictions for the coefficients of the Landau equation describing the saturation behaviour near the critical Reynolds number. Numerical results at higher Reynolds numbers demonstrate the effects of spin-up and spin-down, including the experimentally observed hysteresis. The properties of two-dimensional shears at high Reynolds numbers, at which temporal states are formed, are also addressed. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Riso Natl Lab, EURATOM Assoc, Opt & Fluid Dynam Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Bergeron, K (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Nielsen, Anders/A-3973-2012; OI Nielsen, Anders/0000-0003-3642-3905; Coutsias, Evangelos/0000-0003-2910-9125 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JAN 10 PY 2000 VL 402 BP 255 EP 289 DI 10.1017/S0022112099006837 PG 35 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 281LL UT WOS:000085161800011 ER PT J AU Berry, RJ Wilson, AL Schwartz, M AF Berry, RJ Wilson, AL Schwartz, M TI A computational study of bond dissociation enthalpies and hydrogen abstraction energy barriers in model urethanes SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE urethanes; carbamates; bond dissociation enthalpies; hydrogen abstraction; CH bond strengths AB Ab initio energies obtained at the MP2/6-311 + G(3df,2p)//MP2/6-31G(d) level of theory were employed using isodesmic reactions to compute C-H and N-H room temperature bond dissocation enthalpies (BDEs), for the various hydrogens in a series of model alkyl urethanes (carbamates). It was found that the BDEs [in kJ/mol] vary in the order alpha-C(N) [402] < alpha-C(O) [417] < beta-C(N) [425] approximate to beta-C(O) much less than N-H [465] (where alpha-C(N) refers to the alpha-carbon on the nitrogen side of the functional group, etc.). The unusually high N-H BDE was found to result from the loss of stabilization via conjugation with the carbonyl's pi-electrons in the radical. The low C-H bond strengths on both the alpha-carbons were attributed to resonance stabilization of the radical center by the nitrogen or oxygen lone-pair electrons. These results, in which it is predicted that the C-H on the alpha-C(N) is the weakest bond, are in accordance with the results of a recent experimental study on photodecomposition of polyurethanes, where it was concluded that initial radical attack is at this site. It was also found that C-H BDEs on the alpha-carbons increase when a methyl group is added at this position. This trend was rationalized on the basis of lessened resonance stabilization of the branched radicals. Transition state structures and energies, and reaction energy barriers, Delta Eo double dagger, were computed for hydrogen abstraction reactions by a methyl radical, RH + CH3 . -> R . CH4, for the C-H and N-H bonds in the four model urethane. There was an excellent correlation between Delta E(0)double dagger and BDE for all hydrogens on the linear alkyl urethanes. However, energy barriers for the removal of hydrogen atoms from the alpha-carbons of the two branched urethanes lay significantly below the curve established by the linear species. This observation was explained on the basis of comparative structures of the parent compounds, transition states and radicals. As Delta Eo double dagger[alpha-C(N)] was lower for the branched than the Linear urethane, it was concluded that one should nor expect any significant enhancement of the photochemical stability of branched aliphatic polyurethane coatings relative to their linear counterparts. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Modeling Nonstruct Mat, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Schwartz, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Modeling Nonstruct Mat, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JAN 7 PY 2000 VL 496 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(99)00181-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 281WJ UT WOS:000085184200010 ER PT J AU Dong, XS Wa, PL Loehr, J Kaspi, R AF Dong, XS Wa, PL Loehr, J Kaspi, R TI 1 x 3 active GaAs/AlGaAs planar waveguide optical switch SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; INGAASP; INP AB A three-channel optical waveguide switch has been designed using carrier-induced refractive index effects. Switching between individual or a combination of channels was achieved by controlling electrical currents injected through two parallel electrodes. A crosstalk of -19dB between adjacent channels has been measured over a spectral range spanning 40nm. C1 Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Sch Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, AFRL, SNDD, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dong, XS (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Sch Opt, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 70 EP 71 DI 10.1049/el:20000042 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 279MN UT WOS:000085048400049 ER PT J AU Shelton, BS Huang, JJ Lambert, DJH Zhu, TG Wong, MM Eiting, CJ Kwon, HK Feng, M Dupuis, RD AF Shelton, BS Huang, JJ Lambert, DJH Zhu, TG Wong, MM Eiting, CJ Kwon, HK Feng, M Dupuis, RD TI AlGaN/GaN heterojunction bipolar transistors grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OHMIC CONTACTS AB Heterojunction bipolar transistors based on aluminium gallium nitride/gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN) structures have been fabricated and characterised. The devices were grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition on e-plane sapphire substrates. The Npn structure consists of an n-GaN layer followed by an n(+)-GaN subcollector contact, an unintentionally doped GaN collector, p-GaN base, and an N-Al(0.1)G(0.9)N emitter with n(+)-GaN contact. Devices yielded good transistor performance with a DC current gain as high as 100 at room temperature. C1 Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Illinois, Microelect Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shelton, BS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Microelect Res Ctr, PRC-MER 1-606D-R9900, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 80 EP 81 DI 10.1049/el:20000053 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 279MN UT WOS:000085048400056 ER PT J AU Shen, YZ Jakubczyk, D Xu, F Swiatkiewicz, J Prasad, PN Reinhardt, BA AF Shen, YZ Jakubczyk, D Xu, F Swiatkiewicz, J Prasad, PN Reinhardt, BA TI Two-photon fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy of nanostructured organic materials using a photon scanning tunneling microscope SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; SINGLE MOLECULES AB Photon scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy using femtosecond two-photon excitation are demonstrated. The measurement of both intensity dependence and spectral dependence is performed on a two-photon chromophore. A subdiffraction-limited resolution is obtained, and the domain-size dependence of spatial and spectral features is observed, which indicates the high degree of molecular order in the isolated nanoparticle. It is shown that the light confinement due to a quadratic dependence of the fluorescence intensity leads to an optical contrast enhancement with a coated probe. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02401-3]. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Photon Res Lab, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Photon Res Lab, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Polymer Branch, Mat Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Shen, YZ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Photon Res Lab, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Jakubczyk, Daniel/K-8932-2016 OI Jakubczyk, Daniel/0000-0002-2144-3228 NR 12 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1063/1.125637 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 269YR UT WOS:000084505600001 ER PT J AU Restaino, SR Dayton, D Browne, S Gonglewski, J Baker, J Rogers, S McDermott, S Gallegos, J Shilko, M AF Restaino, SR Dayton, D Browne, S Gonglewski, J Baker, J Rogers, S McDermott, S Gallegos, J Shilko, M TI On the use of dual frequency nematic material for adaptive optics systems: first results of a closed-loop experiment. SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL PHASE MODULATOR; LIGHT AB The use of liquid crystal devices for wavefront control has been suggested and implemented by several authors. In this paper we report some preliminary results on the use of Nematic based liquid crystal devices. Several experimental efforts have been carried out in the past few months. One of the main aims was to characterize a new device that uses dual frequency nematic material in a closed loop arrangement. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM USA. Opt Sci Co, Anaheim, CA USA. Boeing N Amer Co, Canoga Park, CA USA. Logicon RDA, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 3 PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1 BP 2 EP 6 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 271FA UT WOS:000084582500002 PM 19401740 ER PT S AU Neal, PJ Shapiro, LG AF Neal, PJ Shapiro, LG BE Sanfeliu, A Villanueva, JJ Vanrell, M Alquezar, R Eklundh, JO Aloimonos, Y TI A symbolic representation for 3-D object feature detection SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS: COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS SE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR-2000) CY SEP 03-07, 2000 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Assoc Pattern Recognit & Image Anal, Ctr Visio Comp, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Univ Politecn Catalunya, Comissionat Universitats Recerca, Generalitat Catalunya Dept Presidencia, Minist Ciencia Tecnol, Fdn Catalana Recerca, HP Invent AB In this paper we define a spatial symbolic model that can be used to describe classes of 3-D objects (anatomical and man-made) and a method for finding correspondences between the features of the symbolic models and point sets of 3-D mesh data. An abstract symbolic model is used to de scribe spatial object classes in terms of parts, boundaries, and spatial associations. A working model is a mechanism to link the symbolic model to geometric information found in a sensed instance of the class, represented by a 3D mesh data set. Matching is performed in a three-step procedure that first finds working sets of points in the mesh, then fits constructed features to these sets, and finally selects a subset of these constructed features that best cal respond to the features of the working model. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Neal, PJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1051-4651 BN 0-7695-0751-4 J9 INT C PATT RECOG PY 2000 BP 221 EP 224 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR56N UT WOS:000166814700044 ER PT B AU Doggett, MK AF Doggett, MK GP AMS AMS TI Advanced climate modeling and environmental simulations (ACMES): Bringing DoD climatological support into the 21st century SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USAF, Combat Climatol Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Doggett, MK (reprint author), USAF, Combat Climatol Ctr, 151 Patton Ave,Rm 120, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 42 EP 45 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BS03Y UT WOS:000168410800013 ER PT B AU Mozer, JB Seeley, GP Gordon, SC Smalley, DJ AF Mozer, JB Seeley, GP Gordon, SC Smalley, DJ GP AMS AMS TI Cloud impacts for aggregate military simulations using CSSM statistics SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Mozer, JB (reprint author), 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BS03Y UT WOS:000168410800015 ER PT B AU Gremillion, MS Weems, JW Boyd, BF Harms, DE Priselac, ED AF Gremillion, MS Weems, JW Boyd, BF Harms, DE Priselac, ED GP AMS AMS TI Weather interactive graphics in support of space launch SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 SYA, 45 WS, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Boyd, BF (reprint author), SYA, WS 45, 1201 Edward H White II St,MS 7302, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 486 EP 489 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BS03Y UT WOS:000168410800145 ER PT B AU Horwath, J Schweickart, D AF Horwath, J Schweickart, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Corona resistance of low density polyethylene SO 2000 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA, VOLS. I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 69th Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena CY OCT 15-18, 2000 CL VICTORIA, CANADA AB Polyethylene is a commonly used electrical insulating material in both terrestrial and aerospace equipment. In high voltage applications, it can be exposed to very high electrical field stress, resulting in long term exposure to low-level corona at stresses much below dielectric breakdown threshold. The surface degradation of low density polyethylene insulators under high electrical stress has been investigated using several surface techniques in conjunction with discharge current measurements. Degradation studies have been conducted in air with a relative humidity of 50 percent. Electrical diagnostics have included discharge measurements with both pulse (partial discharge) and direct current (dc) components. Changes in the surface morphology have been characterized by surface analysis techniques, which include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) roughness measurements. Antioxidant performance for thermal stabilization of thermoplastics is well established through tests such as Oxidative Induction Time tests. The utility of antioxidants for retardation of electrical degradation is also investigated. Proposed chemical mechanisms for electric field induced degradation are similar to chemical mechanisms for thermally induced degradation. The performance of antioxidants as high electrical stress stabilizers will be reported, as measured by XPS. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Horwath, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6413-9 PY 2000 BP 613 EP 616 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BR09K UT WOS:000165631000143 ER PT B AU Lott, JA Ledentsov, NN Ustinov, VM Maleev, NA Zhukov, AE Maximov, MV Volovik, BV Alferov, ZI Bimberg, D AF Lott, JA Ledentsov, NN Ustinov, VM Maleev, NA Zhukov, AE Maximov, MV Volovik, BV Alferov, ZI Bimberg, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with InAs-InGaAs quantum dot active regions on GaAs substrates emitting at 1.3 mu m SO 2000 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference CY SEP 25-28, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB Pulsed lasing at 1.3 mum via the exciton ground state is demonstrated for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers containing three uncoupled sheets of InAs quantum dot active layers. The dots lie within InGaAs quantum wells separated by GaAs barrier layers. The structures are grown on GaAs substrates and when fabricated include selectively oxidized AlO current apertures and AlO/GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors. Experimental devices operate pulsed at 20 degreesC with threshold currents below 2 mA and differential slope efficiencies of 40%. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lott, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Zhukov, Alexey/A-5523-2014; Maleev, Nikolay/D-7873-2014; Maximov, Mikhail/A-8562-2014 OI Zhukov, Alexey/0000-0002-4579-0718; NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6260-8 PY 2000 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR46J UT WOS:000166520900007 ER PT S AU Hoey, DJ AF Hoey, DJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Lessons from flight testing aircraft update programs SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Many nations today face the choice between procuring new aircraft or upgrading their existing aircraft fleets. Upgrading is frequently seen as a cost-effective solution to meet new or expanding mission requirements in a timely fashion with a limited budget. A key aspect of any upgrade program is the testing phase, for this is where the new capabilities come to fruition. Given a proven aircraft system, such as the F-16, the question is often asked why a ground or flight test program is even needed for an avionics-only upgrade. This paper will explore the benefits of flight-testing aircraft upgrade programs by examining the principal areas of technological, programmatic, and economic risks. Examples and lessons learned from actual programs, either tested or currently under test at the 416(th) Flight Test Squadron, Edwards AFB, California, will be incorporated. These flight test lessons can be easily applied to other procurement programs. C1 USAF, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hoey, DJ (reprint author), USAF, 416th Flight Test Squadron,118 N Wolfe Ave, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98F UT WOS:000165245400004 ER PT S AU Jedrysik, PA Moore, JA Stedman, TA Sweed, RH AF Jedrysik, PA Moore, JA Stedman, TA Sweed, RH GP IEEE IEEE TI Interactive displays for command and control SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The increasingly complex battlefield environment drives the requirement for the presentation and interactive control of the endless stream of information arriving from a diverse collection of sensors deployed on a variety of platforms. Without the benefit of extensive data fusion and correlation to present a true picture of the battlespace from all information sources, the situational awareness picture is, at best, fragmented. Collaboration and interaction is also needed for operators within a control center and among remote geographic locations. The need to display and manipulate real-time multimedia data in a battlefield operations control center is critical to the Joint Commander directing air, land, naval and space assets. The Interactive DataWall. being developed by the Advanced Displays and Intelligent Interfaces (ADII) technology team of the Information Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/IF) in Rome, New York is a strong contender for solving the information management problems facing the 21(st) century military commander. It provides an ultra high-resolution large screen display with multi-modal, wireless interaction. Commercial off-the-shelf technology has been combined with specialized hardware and software developed in-house to provide a unique capability for multimedia data display and control. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFSB, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Jedrysik, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFSB, 525 Brooks Rd, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 341 EP 351 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98F UT WOS:000165245400035 ER PT S AU Petrovich, DJ Gill, RA Feldmann, RJ AF Petrovich, DJ Gill, RA Feldmann, RJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Demonstration of a high-altitude laser crosslink SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 3 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The requirement to send ever increasing amounts of tactical military information between sensor aircraft and information processing facilities for command and control purposes has begun to reach the physical limits of present RF data links, even when data compression is employed. Use of laser data links is under consideration by the United States Air Force and development of an airborne laser data link is under way by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate (AFRL/SN). This technology development program is being conducted in two phases. The first phase included the design and evaluation of a laser data link ground demonstration. This demonstration was carried out in August and September, 1995 between a laser terminal on Mount (Mt.) Mauna Loa on the island of Hawaii and a similar laser terminal on Mt. Haleakala on the island of Maul located 150 kilometers (km) away. The terminals used in this ground demonstration were capable of 1.1 gigabits per second (GBPS), full duplex communication with bit error rates (BERs) of 10(-6) or better. A motion and vibration base was used to simulate flight conditions, while the terminal instrumentation was used to collect atmospheric effects data. Results of the ground demonstration, including signal acquisition, tracking stability, and scintillation were used to modify the design of the laser terminal for follow-on air-to-air operations. The second phase of the AFRL/SN development program under way is the transition of the ground demonstration results into a refined terminal design for installation into two business class jet aircraft. Flight demonstration of the laser data link between these kinematic aerial platforms will be performed between two T-39A (Sabreliner 40) test aircraft at distances up to 500 km and altitudes up to 40kft (12.2km). A ground-based field test of these two refined laser terminals is planned for November 1999 between Mt. Palomar in San Diego, CA and a test site 50 km away. The installation of high-bandwidth laser data link terminals for communication between high-altitude aerial platforms provides for two advances. First, the ability to use advanced airborne sensors generating very large amounts of raw data in near real-time. Second, command and control decisions can be made based on a more timely and comprehensive database of information. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Petrovich, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 67 EP 77 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98G UT WOS:000165245500009 ER PT S AU Urbancek, V Hancock, R AF Urbancek, V Hancock, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Cryocooler small business innovation research opportunities SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 3 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB This paper presents an overview of the opportunities for small businesses to participate in the advancement of the state of the art in long-life, active cryocooler technology for space systems. It will first describes the background, state of the art, and goals of the Air Force's cryocooler development program. This will allow the reader to better understand what the Air Force is expecting from its Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) cryocooler tasks. There will likely be 4 topics for the year 2001 cycle. They will focus on developing larger scale coolers and technologies for spacecraft storage and handling of cyrogens. The second half of the paper describes the SBIR program. This program streamlines the government contracting process, which allows businesses with limited resources and experience to win government contracts for research and development. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Urbancek, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 499 EP 504 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98G UT WOS:000165245500051 ER PT S AU Fosness, E Guerrero, J Qassim, K Denoyer, SJ AF Fosness, E Guerrero, J Qassim, K Denoyer, SJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Recent advances in multi-functional structures SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and its government and industry partners are actively pursuing a variety of technologies that are revolutionizing the design of future spacecraft structures. Multi-Functional Structures (MFS) is a new design paradigm that seeks to integrate the load carrying capability of traditional structures with other spacecraft functions. The result of this integrated approach is the potential for order of magnitude improvements with respect to mass, cost, and volume. This paper provides an overview of three MFS projects: Lightweight Flexible Solar Array (LFSA), the Advanced Technology Demonstration System (ATDS), and Lithium Battery Core (LibaCore). Both technical and programmatic issues associated with maturing this technology and providing a vehicle for affected technology transition will be presented. Experience has shown that transitioning new technology requires both technical advancement as well as demonstrating benefits that outweigh potential risks. It also requires developing the confidence needed to insert this technology through appropriate ground and flight demonstrations. The primary purpose of this paper is to show how industry and government can partner successfully to achieve these objectives. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Fosness, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 23 EP 28 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98H UT WOS:000165245700004 ER PT S AU Tringe, JW AF Tringe, JW GP IEEE IEEE TI Trends in thin film photovoltaic technology development SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID CHALCOPYRITE AB This paper presents recent developments in thin film photovoltaic technology. Thin film solar cells, though less efficient than single crystal multijunction cells, may hold significant advantages in both cost and weight. For example, a typical thin film cell may weigh about 0.1 kg/m(2), compared to more than 1 kg/m(2) for an encapsulated single crystal silicon cell. It is anticipated that as thin film blanket efficiencies increase, these significant weight savings will translate into large cost savings for certain space applications. In particular, small satellites with low power requirements (<5 kW) will benefit most from thin film technology. Cost advantages hold promise for terrestrial applications as well. For terrestrial use, however, the critical metric is cost per watt, while for space other issues, such as radiation resistance, strength and stability under temperature cycling are important. Two promising materials currently being investigated as candidates for higher-efficiency (12-15%) manufacturable blanket photovoltaics are copper indium diselenide (CIS) on both polymer and thin stainless steel substrates, and amorphous silicon. One or both of these materials may soon reach the cost and efficiency goals necessary for thin film terrestrial cells to compete well in terms of dollars per watt with single crystal technology. Space applications would become feasible even before this threshold, however. Recent progress in the processing and manufacturability of these materials will be reviewed, and anticipated developments and trends discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tringe, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 61 EP 68 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98H UT WOS:000165245700009 ER PT S AU Merrill, J Mayberry, CS AF Merrill, J Mayberry, CS GP IEEE IEEE TI Solar thermal power system concepts for high power satellites SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Significant advancements in the development of light-weight, compact, reliable, and cost-effective electrical power system (EPS) components are required to enable the design of future large satellite systems (10-100 kW(e)). Alkali-metal thermal-to-electric conveners (AMTEC), a form of direct energy conversion technology, are being developed by the Advanced Power Group at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory as a high efficiency, radiation hard converter for high electrical power on a satellite platform. A satellite electrical power system based on AMTEC would consist of a collector to gather sunlight and focus the energy into a receiving cavity surrounded by AMTECs to convert the thermal energy to electrical energy. Large systems are robust and have been projected to achieve specific power levels as high as 14 W(e)/kg in geosynchronous orbits and power levels as high as 150 kW(e). An AMTEC based system would accept thermal energy at 1200 K, reject heat at 600 K, and could achieve as high as 25% efficiency with 120 W(e)/kg and 200 W(e)/l (AMTEC component level) at high voltage (100 V). This paper outlines a conceptual high power solar-thermal system utilizing AMTE(1)C and examines the advantages and disadvantages of such as system as compared to conventional photovoltaics based systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Adv Power Grp, AFRL,VSDV, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Merrill, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Adv Power Grp, AFRL,VSDV, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM merrillj@plk.af.mil; mayberry@plk.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 69 EP 73 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98H UT WOS:000165245700010 ER PT S AU Bromaghim, DR Spanjers, GG Spores, RA Burton, RL Carroll, D Schilling, JH AF Bromaghim, DR Spanjers, GG Spores, RA Burton, RL Carroll, D Schilling, JH GP IEEE IEEE TI A proposed on-orbit demonstration of an advanced pulsed-plasma thruster for small satellite applications SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The USAF Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Electric Propulsion Group is developing an Advanced pulsed-plasma thruster (PPT) technology demonstration for small satellites. The initial flight opportunity was on MightySat II.2 - a satellite bus specifically designed to advance AFRL-developed technologies and serve as a risk reduction mission for systems required for TechSat 21. This experiment will demonstrate a high performance PPT, making it a viable thruster for various applications such as orbit raising and initiating and maintaining clusters of small satellites. The experiment will also be the first flight of a new micro-propulsion thruster - a miniaturized version of the PPT, known as the micro-PPT (mu -PPT). The mu -PPT is ideal for very precise attitude control and pointing, formation flying, and for primary propulsion on microsatellites. A novel on-board diagnostic package will be used to assess the contamination of optical and thermal control surfaces as a result of firing the PPTs. Ground-based observations will also be conducted to assess the on-orbit performance and possible communication impacts of the thruster firings. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Bromaghim, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 75 EP 83 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98H UT WOS:000165245700011 ER PT S AU Carlin, PS AF Carlin, PS GP IEEE IEEE TI Lightweight mirror systems for spacecraft - An overview of materials & manufacturing needs SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The purpose of this paper is to provide an introductory overview of large space mirrors, conventional mirror materials, and manufacturing methods, and suggest possible materials, processes, and manufacturing research and development approaches to enable the large lightweight mirrors required for future space systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEPXML B497, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Carlin, PS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEPXML B497, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 169 EP 181 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98H UT WOS:000165245700016 ER PT S AU Lincoln, DM Vaia, RA Brown, JM Tolle, THB AF Lincoln, DM Vaia, RA Brown, JM Tolle, THB GP IEEE IEEE TI Revolutionary nanocomposite materials to enable space systems in the 21st century SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; BLOCK-COPOLYMER MICELLES; POLYIMIDE-CLAY HYBRID; NYLON 6-CLAY HYBRID; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; INTERCALATION; COMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCLUSTERS; PARTICLES AB Current estimates for launching payloads into space orbit stand at $10,000/lb ($22,000/kg). Significant weight, and hence cost, reductions can be realized with the use of organic materials, but such materials tend to perform very poorly in the harsh space environment. Organic polymers with uniformly dispersed nano-scale inorganic precursors may enable these materials to withstand the harsh space environment and be used as critical weight-reduction materials on current and future space systems. Nanocomposites, as these types of materials are often referred to, have received much attention over the past decade as scientists search for ways to enhance the properties of engineering polymers while retaining their processing ease. Unlike traditional filled polymer systems, nanocomposites require relatively low dispersant loadings (similar to2 wt%) to achieve significant property enhancements. Some of these enhancements include increased modulus, increased gas barrier, increased thermal performance, increased atomic oxygen resistance, resistance to small molecule permeation and improved ablative performance. As a result of these enhancements, nanocomposites have the potential to play a significant role in future space systems. Launch vehicles would greatly benefit from appropriately designed nanocomposites that could provide improved barrier properties and gradient morphologies enabling linerless composite cryogenic fuel tanks. Self-rigidzing, self-passiviating nanocomposite materials could be used to construct space vehicle components that are both highly resistant to space-borne particles and resistant to degradation from electromagnetic radiation, while reducing the overall weight of the spacecraft. Nanocomposite materials also offer the unique opportunity for improved tailorability of physical and structural properties such as the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which would be especially useful in constructing large aperture telescopes and antennas using inflatable membranes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lincoln, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLB, 2941 P St,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 183 EP 192 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98H UT WOS:000165245700017 ER PT S AU Tolle, TB AF Tolle, TB GP IEEE IEEE TI Electron beam processing of composites: Overview, benefits, and applications SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Advanced polymeric composites have been baselined for structural components in spacecraft since composites were first developed in the 1960s. These materials and their associated processes offer many benefits and are of specific interest for current and future space systems due to the fact that they can provide significant weight savings, tailorable mechanical and physical properties, and low and controllable coefficients of thermal expansion. Electron beam processing is a method that has been demonstrated for the processing of structural composites which may offer future space systems additional design freedoms and advantages over conventional autoclave processes. This paper will provide an overview of electron beam processing of advanced polymeric composites and will suggest applications for the technology for future space systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tolle, TB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2941 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 201 EP 206 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98H UT WOS:000165245700019 ER PT S AU Madison, RW AF Madison, RW GP IEEE IEEE TI Micro-satellite based, on-orbit servicing work at the Air Force Research Laboratory SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB On-orbit servicing can dramatically reduce the life cycle cost, and increase the utility, of expensive space assets. However, previous servicing attempts have generally been too large, complex, and expensive to be effective. Newer, streamlined approaches, such as the Air Force's Modular On-orbit Servicing (MOS) concept, might make on-orbit servicing feasible. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is developing many of the technologies required for the MOS concept. AFRL's Experimental Satellite System (XSS) demonstration program is developing technologies for the micro-satellites that are at the core of the MOS concept. AFRL is also working on many of the supporting technologies for MOS. This paper describes the XSS program how it will develop the micro-satellite technologies required for MOS, how other AFRL programs will provide additional technologies, and what technologies must still be developed to make on-orbit servicing a reality. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Madison, RW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 215 EP 226 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98H UT WOS:000165245700021 ER PT S AU Brackett, C Denoyer, K Jacobs, J Davis, T AF Brackett, C Denoyer, K Jacobs, J Davis, T GP IEEE IEEE TI Miniature Vibration Isolation System (MVIS) SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB In recent years, there has been a significant interest in, and move towards using highly sensitive, precision payloads on space vehicles. In order to perform tasks such as communicating at extremely high data rates between satellites using laser cross-links, or searching for new planets in distant solar systems using sparse aperture optical elements, a satellite bus and its payload must remain relatively motionless. The ability to hold a precision payload steady is complicated by disturbances from reaction wheels, control moment gyroscopes, solar array drives, stepper motors, and other devices. Because every satellite is essentially unique in its construction, isolating or damping unwanted vibrations usually requires a robust system over a wide bandwidth. The disadvantage of these systems is that they typically are not retrofittable and not tunable to changes in payload size or inertias. Previous work, funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Defense Advanced Research Product Agency, Ballistic Missile Defense Organization and others, developed technology building blocks that provide new methods to control vibrations of spacecraft. The technology of smart materials enables an unprecedented level of integration of sensors, actuators, and structures; this integration provides the opportunity for new structural designs that can adaptively influence their surrounding environment. To date, several demonstrations have been conducted to mature these technologies. Making use of recent advances in smart materials, microelectronics, Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors, and Multi-Functional Structures (MFS), the Air Force Research Laboratory along with its partner DARPA, have initiated a program to develop a Miniature Vibration Isolation System (MVIS) (patent pending) for space applications. The MVIS program is a systems-level demonstration of the application of advanced smart materials and structures technology that will enable programmable and retrofittable vibration control of spacecraft precision payloads. The current effort has been awarded to Honeywell Satellite Systems Operation. AFRL is providing in-house research and testing in support of the program as well. The MVIS program will culminate in a flight demonstration that shows the benefits of applying smart materials for vibration isolation in space and precision payload control. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Brackett, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 335 EP 344 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98H UT WOS:000165245700032 ER PT S AU Wegner, PM Ganley, JM Huybrechts, SM Meink, TE AF Wegner, PM Ganley, JM Huybrechts, SM Meink, TE GP IEEE IEEE TI Advanced grid stiffened composite payload shroud for the OSP launch vehicle SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The Air Force Research Laboratory's Space Vehicles Directorate has developed methods to design and fabricate Advanced Grid Stiffened (AGS) structures. These processes will drastically reduce the cost of composite payload shrouds. These procedures were successfully demonstrated in an AGS fairing for the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization's (BMDO) Combined Experiments Program. AFRL/VS has now joined with Boeing's Phantom Works to develop an extended fairing for the Orbital Suborbital Program's launch vehicle. This larger fairing will allow for dual manifest missions on the OSP vehicle; resulting in an Air Force cost savings of nearly $6M per launch. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wegner, PM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE,Bldg 472, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 359 EP 365 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98H UT WOS:000165245700034 ER PT S AU Huybrechts, S Wegner, P Maji, A Kozola, B Griffin, S Meink, T AF Huybrechts, S Wegner, P Maji, A Kozola, B Griffin, S Meink, T GP IEEE IEEE TI Structural design for deployable optical telescopes SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 4 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB Many future space missions will require the deployment of space-based telescopes with large (greater than 4 m) effective apertures and with surface accuracy of better than 0.1 micron RMS. Current systems are limited not only by the physical size of the launch vehicle shroud, but also by the quality and alignment of the system after incurring stresses induced by launch. The Air Force Research Laboratory's UltraLITE program is a multifaceted program designed to develop Viable deployable telescopes for space missions. As part of this program, the first ever deployable telescope is being fabricated as part of a ground demonstration. This paper discusses the development and fabrication of the structure for this telescope, an effort that resulted in a unique structural configuration, the first of its kind ever developed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huybrechts, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 367 EP 372 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98H UT WOS:000165245700035 ER PT S AU Friend, R AF Friend, R GP IEEE IEEE TI A probabilistic, diagnostic and prognostic system for engine health and usage management SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The combination of high engine life-cycle costs, concerns for greater safety and changing operational demands create the need for improved engine diagnostics and prognostics. Engine maintenance represents perhaps the largest part of overall aircraft maintenance costs and, due to safety considerations tends to be performed conservatively. Better information on the actual engine condition, usage and life monitoring can significantly reduce maintenance costs. The United States Air Force (USAF) has invested in the concept of engine health monitoring with current systems such as Comprehensive Engine Maintenance System (CEMS) IV and Research and Development (R & D) programs in the early 1990s to investigate additional health and performance monitoring technologies. There is a need to develop these capabilities further and combine data from an array of sensors to enable engine health management using more advanced diagnostic and prognostic techniques, and the latest sensor technologies. The integration and correlation of data from multiple sensors is key to practical and affordable engine diagnostics and prognostics. A Probabilistic,Diagnostic and Prognostic System (ProDaPS) for engine health management is the next major step forward towards this target. The long-term objectives of the ProDaPS program are to develop a flyable, real-time working system that can be used to enhance the management of current as well as future engine fleets. The proof of concept has been demonstrated and the current program is considered to be the first stage of the technology development and transition to the commercial market. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Turbine Engine Div,Components Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. RP Friend, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Turbine Engine Div,Components Branch, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18D, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98K UT WOS:000165246000019 ER PT S AU Singaraju, BK Borky, JM AF Singaraju, BK Borky, JM GP IEEE IEEE TI Methodology for evaluating architectural solutions SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The Air Force Scientific Advisory Board (AFSAB) was tasked during 1998 to develop "A Space Roadmap for the 21st Century Aerospace Force." [1] In order to complete this daunting task in less than a year, we had to develop alternative architectures and recommend a preferred architecture based on cost and performance trades. In order to perform these trades, we employed assessment tools and methodologies that were simple, yet provided some confidence that the architectural option being recommended and the corresponding changes to the current baseline force structure will achieve the intended purpose. In this paper we discuss the approach used in making these assessments. Inherent in our approach is a way to assess how various options for changing the baseline force structure contribute to achieving our vision. We have examined a range of possible changes to the current baseline program and evaluated them against a set of Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs). This analysis has led to the selection of a recommended option. The baseline and recommended force structures were broken out into functional areas. As a way to evaluate the operational effectiveness MOE, we have correlated the baseline and candidate force structure options against the operational tasks of the Air Force. The Joint Mission Element Task List (JMETL) provides a listing of the key tasks which a joint force must be able accomplish to fulfill the requirements of Joint Vision 2010 (JV2010) [2] the Department of Defense (DoD) operational vision for the future. The specific Desired Operational Capabilities (DOCs) of the JMETL, which currently number 72, are grouped by the JV2010 operational concepts: Command and Control, Information Superiority, Precision Engagement, Dominant Maneuver, Full-Dimensional Protection, and Focused Logistics. A quantitative comparison of force alternatives against these DOCs would depend on a host of assumptions and subjective judgements about priorities among DOCs and about force effectiveness, supported by an analysis whose scope would go far beyond what is feasible in a summer study. Instead, we have performed a qualitative assessment to identify the kinds of improvements our recommended option would deliver. We have done this by first assigning a rating of critical, important, supporting, or not related to the degree that each functional area of an option is important in satisfying each DOG. Next we have estimated the ability of the option being evaluated, again by functional areas, to achieve each DOC, paying attention to the ways in which the option under evaluation falls short. The result of this analysis is a recommended force structure architecture option which allocates functionality to space, airborne and ground elements in such a way as to maximize the ability to execute JMETL tasks for a given, constrained level of investment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Demonstrat Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Singaraju, BK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Demonstrat Div, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 485 EP 494 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98K UT WOS:000165246000047 ER PT S AU Anderson, C AF Anderson, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Space technology alliance ... ensuring America's advantage SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFRL, NM 87417 USA. RP Anderson, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFRL, NM 87417 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 531 EP 549 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98K UT WOS:000165246000051 ER PT S AU Burns, R McLaughlin, CA Leitner, J Martin, M AF Burns, R McLaughlin, CA Leitner, J Martin, M GP IEEE IEEE TI TechSat 21: Formation design, control, and simulation SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc ID ORBIT AB The satellite duster approach to space missions requires science and technology advances in several key areas. Among these challenges is understanding the dynamics of satellites in close proximity to each other so that a formation can be intelligently designed, controlled, and simulated. An overview of on-going research in this area under the TechSat 21 program along with preliminary findings is provided. Included in this overview will be the recent progress made in the design of formations including designs for circular formations, projected circular formations, and J(2) invariant formations. Strategies for formation control are presented as well as the baseline design for the TechSat 21 propulsion system. Fuel expenditure is estimated for various formations using different control strategies. The TechSat 21 mission requires relative position knowledge between satellites to the millimeter level while the radar is transmitting and receiving; concepts for meeting this requirement are also presented. In order to facilitate mission planning and gain confidence in mission success, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is building an end to end simulation testbed for the TechSat 21 mission. An overview of the testbed design and functionality is provided. Focus is centered on the dynamics and control module of the testbed. The dynamics and control module utilizes high fidelity orbit propagation as the basis of the simulation of the formation dynamics. Through this simulation control algorithms, relative navigation techniques, and the effects of errors in initial conditions and control forces are investigated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Burns, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98L UT WOS:000165246200003 ER PT S AU Zetocha, P AF Zetocha, P GP IEEE IEEE TI Satellite cluster command and control SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB For many applications a distributed cluster of cooperating satellites offers distinct advantages over satellites functioning alone. These include optimization of mission performance and increased fault tolerance. Although there are many benefits, commanding and controlling a large cluster of cooperating satellites poses several challenges. These include how satellites in the cluster maintain knowledge of the other satellites in the cluster in order to react to contingencies and optimize resources, how to treat the cluster as a single virtual satellite in terms of ground command and control, and how to distribute resources across the cluster. The Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is investigating many of these challenges through prototype development for the AFRL TechSat-21 program. This paper presents the challenges posed in cluster command and control and discusses several methods being developed to address those challenges. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zetocha, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98L UT WOS:000165246200006 ER PT B AU Schuermeyer, F Fitch, R Dettmer, R Gillespie, J Bozada, C Nakano, K Sewell, J Ebel, J Jenkins, T Liou, LL AF Schuermeyer, F Fitch, R Dettmer, R Gillespie, J Bozada, C Nakano, K Sewell, J Ebel, J Jenkins, T Liou, LL GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Thermal studies on heterostructure bipolar transistors using electroluminescence SO 2000 IEEE/CORNELL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DEVICES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/CORNELL Conference on High Performance Devices CY AUG 07-09, 2000 CL ITHACA, NY SP IEEE Electr Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn ID HETEROJUNCTION AB We have studied electroluminescence (EL) emission from fully fabricated GaAs based heterostructure bipolar transistors. The EL emission occurs due to minority carrier injection into the base and collector layers. Under normal device operation, i.e. with reverse bias on the collector/base junction, collector emission does not occur since holes are not injected into this layer. In this case, only base emission is observed. When a forward bias is applied to the base/collector junction, EL from both the collector and the base is observed. The spectral characteristics of the two EL signals are different since the bandgap of the heavily p-doped base is smaller than that of the lightly n-doped collector. Since the bandgap depends strongly on temperature, the spectral characteristics are used to determine the heating of the HBT due to power dissipation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNDD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schuermeyer, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNDD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6382-5 PY 2000 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BR61V UT WOS:000166961900007 ER PT B AU Lott, JA Noble, MJ Ochoa, EM Starman, LA Cowan, WD AF Lott, JA Noble, MJ Ochoa, EM Starman, LA Cowan, WD GP IEEE IEEE TI Tunable red vertical cavity surface emitting lasers using flexible micro-electro-mechanical top mirrors SO 2000 IEEE/LEOS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL MEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS CY AUG 21-24, 2000 CL KAUAI, HI SP IEEE, Laser & Electro Opt Soc, Cronos Integrated Microsyst, Lucent Technologies, Bell Labs, Opt Micro Machines, Tellium Inc AB A tunable prototype red light-emitting n-p-n VCSEL, with an n-doped micro-electromechanical (MEM) top distributed Bragg reflector is reported. The peak emission wavelength is tunable over a range of about 15 nm from 644 to 659 nm. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lott, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 P St Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6257-8 PY 2000 BP 81 EP 82 DI 10.1109/OMEMS.2000.879636 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ99N UT WOS:000165310300038 ER PT S AU Kemerley, RT Kiss, S AF Kemerley, RT Kiss, S BE Perkins, T TI Advanced technology for future space-based antennas SO 2000 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2000) CY JUN 11-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, MTT S AB Active phased array antennas used in radar systems have been under development for over 40 years. A key part of the development is focused on low cost, high performance transmit/receive (T/R) modules. T/R modules and phased array antennas are used in airborne and ground-based military and commercial systems. Affordable active arrays for space applications are now being considered. Major challenges must be overcome before space operation is feasible. To meet these challenges, a major shift in active aperture antenna design, fabrication and assembly is needed. The possibility of "module-less" solid state phased array antennas built on flexible membranes is being explored. This paper addresses these issues and discusses potential approaches for affordable spaced-based antennas. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SND, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kemerley, RT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SND, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5687-X J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2000 BP 717 EP 720 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR55W UT WOS:000166811000167 ER PT B AU Wicker, D Rizki, MM Tamburino, LA AF Wicker, D Rizki, MM Tamburino, LA GP IEEE IEEE TI The Multi-Tiered Tournament Selection for evolutionary neural network synthesis SO 2000 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMBINATIONS OF EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION AND NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Symposium on Combinations of Evolutionary Computation and Neural Networks CY MAY 11-13, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE, Neural Networks Council, Ctr Excellence Evolut Computat AB This paper introduces Multi-Tiered Tournament Selection. Traditional tournament selection algorithms are appropriate for single objective optimization problems but are too limited for the multi-objective task of evolving complete recognition systems. Recognition systems need to be accurate as well as small to Improve generalization performance. Multi-tiered Tournament Selection is shown to improve search for smaller neural network recognition systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNAT, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wicker, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNAT, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Devert.Wicker@wpafb.af.mil; mrizki@cs.wright.edu; Louis.Tamburino@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6572-0 PY 2000 BP 207 EP 215 DI 10.1109/ECNN.2000.886236 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR37W UT WOS:000166254900025 ER PT S AU Chen, TD Spaziani, SM Vaccaro, K Lorenzo, JP Jokerst, NM AF Chen, TD Spaziani, SM Vaccaro, K Lorenzo, JP Jokerst, NM GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Epilayer transfer for integration of III-V photodetectors onto a silicon platform using Au-Sn and Pd-Ge bonding SO 2000 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials CY MAY 14-18, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, AIXTRON, EMCORE Corp, IQE, Wafer Technol Ltd ID THIN-FILMS; GAAS; DETECTORS; SUBSTRATE; CONTACT; INP; SI AB A novel process to bond InP-based, substrate-removed, vertical Schottky photodetectors to a commercially available silicon read-out integrated circuit is demonstrated as a new technique for optoeleclronic hybridization. High-quality In(Al)GaAs epilayers were bonded to silicon substrates and patterned to form a 320 x 256 focal plane array to demonstrate this technique. The epilayers were joined to the silicon through a metal-metal bond of either Au-Sn or Ge-Pd. Scanning electron and optical microscopy revealed that the Au-Sn formed a eutectic (melting) bond, whereas the Ge-Pd formed a solid-state bond. Samples bonded with Ge-Pd exhibited superior performance and were easier to process than the Au-Sn samples. Using this bonding technique, samples with a dark current density of 595 pA/mu m(2) at -5 V and a peak responsivity of 0.21 A/W over lambda=0.8 to 1.5 mu m were obtained. Bonded devices survived severe thermal cycling between 77K and 373K. The process described is uncomplicated and does not require any specialized equipment beyond that of a standard photolithography tool. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Optoelect Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Chen, TD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Optoelect Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-6320-5 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 2000 BP 502 EP 505 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.2000.850344 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ45M UT WOS:000088385200128 ER PT S AU Bliss, DF Bryant, G Antypas, G Raghothamachar, B Dhanaraj, G Dudley, M Zhao, J AF Bliss, DF Bryant, G Antypas, G Raghothamachar, B Dhanaraj, G Dudley, M Zhao, J GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI X-ray characterization of bulk InP : S crystals grown by LEC in a low thermal gradient SO 2000 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials CY MAY 14-18, 2000 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, AIXTRON, EMCORE Corp, IQE, Wafer Technol Ltd ID DISLOCATION AB Single crystals of S-doped InP grown with very low dislocation density under conditions of low axial and radial thermal gradients, are typified by a flat solid-liquid interface. For these crystals, the hot zone of the growth system is designed to sustain vertical, rather than radial heat flow through the crystal. The consequence of a reduced thermal gradient, together with the dislocation pinning effect of sulfur doping, produces single crystal InP crystals with EPD < 500/cm(2) Dislocations generated at the periphery of the growing crystal are blocked by the high S-concentration, especially at striations where high doping concentrations increase the critical resolved shear stress on a local scale. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Bliss, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-6320-5 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 2000 BP 530 EP 533 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.2000.850352 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ45M UT WOS:000088385200135 ER PT B AU Banaszak, D Dale, GA Baust, HD AF Banaszak, D Dale, GA Baust, HD GP IEST IEST IEST TI Two-level factorial experiment using visual crack length measurements of vibrating 2024-T3 aluminum plates SO 2000 PROCEEDINGS: INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Technical Meeting and Exposition of the Institute-of-Environmental-Sciences-and-Technology (ESTECH 2000) CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Inst Environm Sci & Technol DE fatigue; experimental design; crack length; measurement; aluminum; shakers; temperature sensitive paint; repair patch AB The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) investigates instrumentation and techniques for measuring and analyzing dynamic data. To support high cycle fatigue requirements of the aircraft sustainment focus area; AFRZ, conducted an experiment to assess the reduction in sonic fatigue crack growth rate in secondary aircraft structures with damped fiberglass patches. To understand the crack growth process, AFRL investigated crack growth rate measurement techniques for aluminum plates fatigued by out-of-plane excitation. During 1998, AFRL demonstrated a visual crack measurement system (VCMS) using temperature sensitive paint (TSP). The system allows engineers to view and measure the crack length versus cycles of a plate being fatigue at sinusoidal resonance by an electrodynamics shaker. After reviewing over 24 factors impacting crack growth, AFRL conducted a 3 factor, full two-level factorial experiment with 2024-T3 aluminum plates during February to August 1999. The three factors are plate size (180x85mm and 360x170mm), plate thickness (1 mm and 3.125 mm), and patching. Initially, AFRL cracked 8 plates completely and 12 plates to a length of about 25 millimeters. AFRL patched the 12 plates with structural adhesive, viscoelastic material (VEM) and fiberglass before further vibration testing. This paper discusses the VCMS using TSP, the experimental design and the derived crack length versus cycles curves. This experiment demonstrates the success of a new technique to measure crack length versus cycles of vibrating structures. In addition, AFRL obtained information on the effects of fiberglass patches with damping on the rate of crack growth for simple plates. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Banaszak, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA BN 1-877862-73-8 PY 2000 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR28L UT WOS:000166022300026 ER PT B AU Finta, CA AF Finta, CA GP AMS AMS TI JTWC integration of remote sensing data into the TC warning process SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USAF, NAVPACMETOCCEN, JTWC, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. RP Finta, CA (reprint author), USAF, NAVPACMETOCCEN, JTWC, 425 Luapele Rd, Honolulu, HI 96860 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 122 EP 123 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700061 ER PT B AU Brueske, KF Velden, CS AF Brueske, KF Velden, CS GP AMS AMS TI Tropical cyclone intensity estimation using the NOAA-KLM series advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU): Preliminary results and future prospects SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID PRESSURE C1 Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, USAF, Inst Technol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Brueske, KF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, USAF, Inst Technol, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 258 EP 259 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700130 ER PT B AU Parrish, JR Black, ML Houston, SH Dodge, PP Cione, JJ AF Parrish, JR Black, ML Houston, SH Dodge, PP Cione, JJ GP AMS AMS TI The structure of hurricane irene over south Florida SO 24TH CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY/10TH CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION OF THE SEA AND ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology/10th Conference on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 NOAA, Aircraft Operat Ctr, MacDill AFB, FL USA. RP Black, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 456 EP 457 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY37V UT WOS:000189132700230 ER PT S AU Cliver, EW AF Cliver, EW BE Dingus, BL Kieda, DB Salamon, MH TI Solar energetic particles: Acceleration and transport SO 26TH INTERNATIONAL COSMIC RAY CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) CY AUG 17-25, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IUPAP, US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, Utah High Energy Astrophys Inst, Univ Utah, Sun Microsyst, Hamamatsu Inc, Photonis Inc, W IE NE R Plein & Baus GmbH ID DISSIPATION RANGE; ELECTRON EVENTS; GAMMA-RAYS; FLARE; ABUNDANCES; ORIGIN; ASSOCIATION; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA AB This paper reviews highlights of the 26(th) ICRC in the area of acceleration and propagation of solar energetic particles (SEPs). New results on SEP charge state and composition, a lively topic during the Conference, are covered in an accompanying paper by Klecker. I begin with a brief historical review of the field to provide context for the key advances/developments on SEP acceleration/propagation presented in Salt Lake City. These include: (1) the use of gamma-ray emissions as diagnostics of the acceleration process(es) and probes of the interaction region; (2) the observation of similar to 10 GeV (or higher) protons for the 6 November 1997 ground level event by the Milagrito experiment; (3) observations of coronal Moreton waves as "smoking pistols" of shock acceleration/injection of SEPs; (4) an investigation of the role of proton event spectra in the current "two-class" picture of SEP events; (5) an analysis of the Gnevyshev Gap in SEP activity; (6) a Ulysses-based determination of the dependence of SEP mean free path on radial distance from the Sun and on heliographic latitude, and (7) an examination of the dissipation range in the power spectrum of interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations. I conclude with a discussion of new instrumentation (e.g., Milagro, HESSI) and a look to the expected level of SEP activity for the approaching maximum of solar cycle 23. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-939-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 516 BP 103 EP 119 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ50L UT WOS:000088536700006 ER PT B AU Bonneau, RJ AF Bonneau, RJ BE Aanstoos, JV TI A constant probability of detection model for image quantization SO 29TH APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence, Pattern Analy & Machine Intelligence AB A large number of remote sensing applications require that images be transmitted across a low bandwidth communication link for human analysis and automatic evaluation. To accommodate the low bandwidth link, compression is often used to reduce the amount of data transmitted. A central part of this compression process is quantization which decreases the entropy in the compressed imagery. While quantization decreases the amount of data it adds nonlinear distortion to the image. This nonlinear quantization noise can severely impair the ability of the analyst and automatic algorithm to identify features of interest in the decompressed data. We develop a wavelet Markov model based approach to detection before quantization to preserve features of interest to the analyst or automatic algorithm. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bonneau, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0978-9 PY 2000 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1109/AIPRW.2000.953612 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BT17G UT WOS:000172147200018 ER PT B AU Severt, C Agarwal, A Singh, R Ryu, SH Palmour, JW AF Severt, C Agarwal, A Singh, R Ryu, SH Palmour, JW GP AIAA AIAA TI Design of dual use, high efficiency, 4H-SiC Schottky and MPS diodes SO 35TH INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT (IECEC), VOLS 1 AND 2, TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The prime benefit of the SiC Schottky diode lies in its ability to switch fast (<50 ns) and with almost no reverse recovery charge. The incorporation of a SiC Schottky-type rectifier in typical power-electronic systems, such as motor drive circuits and switching power supplies, will virtually eliminate the switching losses. In the forward bias, Ti Schottky diode provides a forward current density of 100 A/cm(2) at a forward drop of 1.15 V, at room temperature. However, the low barrier height of Ti Schottky diode results in a very high room temperature leakage current density of 300 mu A/cm(2) at 500 V. Furthermore, the leakage current becomes unacceptable at temperatures higher than 100 degrees C. A 4H-SiC Merged PiN Schottky (MPS) diode uses interdigitated p(+) regions between Schottky contacts to limit the electric field at the Schottky interface during the off-state operation of the device. It has a low on-state voltage drop and fast switching of a Schottky diode and offers st low off-state leakage current like the PiN diode. The on-state and off-state performance was optimized by analyzing the effect of adjacent p(+) region width and spacing by 2D device simulations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Power Div, AFRL,PRPE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Severt, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Power Div, AFRL,PRPE, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-375-5 PY 2000 BP 180 EP 184 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ77B UT WOS:000089466900025 ER PT B AU Kastle, T Toussaint, J AF Kastle, T Toussaint, J GP AIAA AIAA TI Dual use application of continuos transfer stubbs (CTS) technology SO 35TH INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT (IECEC), VOLS 1 AND 2, TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Military and civil radar and communication systems utilize phased array antennas that require hundreds or in some cases, thousands of transmit/receive (T/R) modules. T/R modules, even when low cost, drive the total RF system cost to an undesirable level. This results in fewer systems being purchased. This paper will review the application of continuous transverse stub (CTS) antenna technology to reduce the number of T/R modules required and thus the overall RF system cost. The paper will review military and civil applications and their respective cost savings. C1 AF Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kastle, T (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-375-5 PY 2000 BP 193 EP 196 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ77B UT WOS:000089466900027 ER PT B AU Ponnappan, R AF Ponnappan, R GP AIAA AIAA TI A novel micro-capillary groove-wick miniature heat pipe SO 35TH INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT (IECEC), VOLS 1 AND 2, TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Miniature heat pipes (MHP) are passive heat transport devices mainly considered in electronics packaging for high heat flux acquisition and transport and their applications could include thermal management of a variety of electronic devices such as computer processors and laser diodes. This paper describes a novel screen wick design suitable for miniature heat pipes. The new design promises improved performance and ease of fabrication and is recommended in place of the familiar forms of the rectangular groove design miniature heat pipes. Design and fabrication details along with steady state horizontal orientation performance test results of a proof-of-concept rectangular copper-water heat pipe are presented. Heat flux, temperature difference and heat transfer coefficient data are compared with the literature data of a comparable flat miniature heat pipe with machined groove wick. The performance of the new design matches the comparable groove design. The evaporator heat flux of the present design was 115 W/cm(2) at the operating temperature of 90 degrees C and evaporator-to-adiabatic temperature difference of 37 degrees C. Results on the heat transfer coefficients are also presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate,AFRL,PRPG, Power Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ponnappan, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate,AFRL,PRPG, Power Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-375-5 PY 2000 BP 818 EP 826 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ77B UT WOS:000089466900107 ER PT B AU Brown, JR Forster, NH AF Brown, JR Forster, NH GP AIAA AIAA TI Operating temperatures in mist lubricated rolling element bearings for gas turbines SO 35TH INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT (IECEC), VOLS 1 AND 2, TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC) CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID VAPOR AB In addition to geometry and environmental factors, the operating temperatures of bearings are directly affected by the applied load, the operating speed, the friction torque, and the lubricant type and viscosity. If heat dissipation is not adequate, the bearing system temperature will increase to the point that the lubricant is distressed, ultimately leading to bearing failure. Current studies are investigating both mist and vapor phase lubrication which have the potential to increase lubricant operating temperature from 200 degrees C for a conventional recirculating polyolester liquid to as high as 600 degrees C for a tertiary-butyl phenyl phosphate. The primary benefit of these lubrication methods is the potential to reduce the lubricant on-board storage requirements, in particular for expendable engine applications. However, this technique removes the primary mode for heat rejection, and the bearing operating temperature may become the critical factor for life considerations. A process has been developed to numerically investigate the operating temperature of a rolling element bearing using the finite element method. Predicted steady-state temperature responses far a 30 mm ball bearing operating with mist lubricant delivered at 325 degrees C for three different shaft operating speeds are presented. This analysis process can be used to evaluate thermal conditions and to determine cooling requirements for future bearing system designs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-375-5 PY 2000 BP 1268 EP 1275 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ77B UT WOS:000089466900167 ER PT S AU Cliver, EW AF Cliver, EW BE Mewaldt, RA Jokipii, JR Lee, MA Mobius, E Zurbuchen, TH TI Solar flare photons and energetic particles in space SO ACCELERATION AND TRANSPORT OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES OBSERVED IN THE HELIOSPHERE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACE 2000 Symposium on Acceleration and Transport of Energetic Particles Observed in the Heliosphere CY JAN 05-08, 2000 CL INDIAN WELLS, CA SP ACE, Sci Working Team ID IONIC CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ELECTRON EVENTS; PROTON EVENTS; GAMMA-RAYS; II BURSTS; ISEE-C; HE-3; ACCELERATION; ABUNDANCES AB I review the evolution of research on solar energetic particle events, beginning with Forbush's report of the ground level event of 1946, through the most recent observations of the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). The emphasis is on research that attempted to link solar Rare electromagnetic emissions with the solar energetic particles (SEPs) observed in space following flares. The evolution of thought on this topic is traced from the initial paradigm in which SEPs were accelerated at the flare site (a sigma -function in space and time) to the current two-class picture accommodating both impulsive acceleration at the Rare site (small He-3-rich events) and prolonged acceleration at extended shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (large proton events). I conclude with some open questions; the most prominent of these concerns the relative contributions of the Rare and shock acceleration processes to "mixed" or hybrid SEP events in which the distinguishing characteristics of the impulsive and gradual classes are blended. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-951-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 528 BP 21 EP 31 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BQ94U UT WOS:000165073000002 ER PT J AU Birman, V Griffin, S Knowles, G AF Birman, V Griffin, S Knowles, G TI Axisymmetric dynamics of composite spherical shells with active piezoelectric/composite stiffeners SO ACTA MECHANICA LA English DT Article ID PLATES AB The paper presents a theoretical formulation for spherical shells reinforced by meridional and circumferential stiffeners. Active damping of the shell is introduced through control action of piezoelectric coupled pairs bonded to the meridional stiffeners. The induced loads can include radial pressure and a thermal field that are independent of the circumferential coordinate. Neglecting local deformations between adjacent meridional stiffeners, the response of the shell will be axisymmetric. The analysis employs the Donnell-Mushtari-Vlasov version of Love's theory of shells together with a smeared stiffeners technique. The paper also considers a particular case of shell mounted piezoelectric coupled pairs without conventional stiffeners. A closed form solution is derived for spherical panels without conventional stiffeners within the range of the meridional coordinate between 75 degrees and 90 degrees using a version of the Geckeler approximation. C1 Univ Missouri, Ctr Engn Educ, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. QorTek Inc, Gareth Knowles, Williamsport, PA 17702 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Ctr Engn Educ, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0001-5970 J9 ACTA MECH JI Acta Mech. PY 2000 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1007/BF01176808 PG 13 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 307BY UT WOS:000086634600006 ER PT S AU Telle, JM Milonni, PW Fugate, RQ AF Telle, JM Milonni, PW Fugate, RQ BE Wizinowich, PL TI Update on 589-nm sodium guidestar pump laser requirements SO ADAPTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optical Systems Technology CY MAR 29-31, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE adaptive optics; guidestar pump laser; sodium guidestar ID VELOCITY-CHANGING COLLISIONS; EXCITATION; SYSTEMS; BEACON AB We extend our prior work on continuous-wave and pulsed excitation of sodium guidestars.(1,2,3) We discuss the effects of atomic recoil, saturation of absorption, and optical pumping on guidestar brightness for the cases of continuous-wave (CW) single-mode and multimode excitation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Telle, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3632-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4007 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1117/12.390326 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BQ70C UT WOS:000089218600029 ER PT S AU Whiteley, MR AF Whiteley, MR BE Wizinowich, PL TI Apparent wave-front aberration of a Gaussian source in a Hartmann wave-front sensor with focus error SO ADAPTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optical Systems Technology CY MAR 29-31, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE adaptive optics; wave-front sensing; optical aberrations AB We examined the effect of a Gaussian pupil-plane irradiance profile on the wave-front aberration reported by a Hartmann wave-front sensor with focus error when observing a collimated point source. It was found that even when a planar wave-front is incident upon the Hartmann sensor pupil, centroid defections are registered in the detector plane due only to the non-uniformity of the Gaussian irradiance profile. As a result, the reconstructed wave-front may contain large focus and spherical aberration terms. The magnitude of the apparent aberrations depends upon the amount of focus error and the width of the Gaussian profile. Results are presented for a model system, indicating aberration terms in excess of lambda/3 or equivalent Strehl ratio less than 0.5 for certain configurations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Airborne Laser Technol Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Whiteley, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Airborne Laser Technol Branch, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3632-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4007 BP 470 EP 480 DI 10.1117/12.390355 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BQ70C UT WOS:000089218600053 ER PT S AU Fugate, RQ AF Fugate, RQ BE Wizinowich, PL TI Prospects for benefits to astronomical adaptive optics from US military programs SO ADAPTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optical Systems Technology CY MAR 29-31, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE adaptive optics; deformable mirrors; wavefront sensing; sodium guide-stars AB This paper outlines potential benefits to the development of astronomical adaptive optics by the transfer of technology from US military laboratories. Areas described include wavefront correctors, focal planes for wavefront sensing and tracking, rugate coatings, lasers for generating sodium guide stars in the mesosphere, the potential of using femtosecond lasers to generate bright, white-light beacons at high altitude. C1 USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Fugate, RQ (reprint author), USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3632-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4007 BP 1012 EP 1019 DI 10.1117/12.390370 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BQ70C UT WOS:000089218600109 ER PT B AU Jones, JG Biggers, RR Busbee, JD Iglenik, BM AF Jones, JG Biggers, RR Busbee, JD Iglenik, BM BE Bitmead, RR Johnson, MA Grimble, MJ TI Signal processing plume fluence for fuzzy control of superconducting thin-film depositions SO ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS IN CONTROL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFAC Workshop on Adaptive Systems in Control and Signal Processing CY AUG 26-28, 1998 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP IFAC DE process control; fuzzy logic; Signal Processing; control nonlinearities; process identification ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ABLATION; CU AB Process control is a critical element in all deposition techniques. It is especially elusive in the versatile and efficient deposition technique known as pulsed-laser-deposition (PLD). Signal processed emissions from the copper components in the plume from a YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) target are utilized for process control feedback. Manual and fuzzy-logic based regulation of laser energy based on this plume emission feedback resulted in improved film quality and repeatability of the PLD thin-film depositions. Copyright (C) 1998 IFAC. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043238-7 PY 2000 BP 369 EP 373 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BQ60E UT WOS:000088922600058 ER PT J AU Solti, JP Robertson, DD Mall, S AF Solti, JP Robertson, DD Mall, S TI Estimation of interfacial properties from hysteretic energy loss in unidirectional ceramic matrix composites SO ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ceramics matrix composites; fatigue; shear-lag analysis; modeling; hysteretic energy ID FATIGUE; CRACKING; ROUGHNESS; DAMAGE AB When ceramic matrix composites are subjected to fatigue loading levels sufficient Co initiate microstructural damage to the constituents, the mechanical response of the laminate, e.g. the residual strength, stiffness and life of the composite, is governed by the physical state of the fiber/matrix interface. During loading, the chemical bonds, which develop between fiber and matrix during processing, are broken. This 'debonding' results in a significant decline in load transfer between the two constituents and leads to a measurable increase in laminate compliance. With continued cyclic loading, the interface debonds grow in length which further degenerates the composite strength. Moreover, within the debonded regions, frictional sliding between the fiber and matrix is permitted and leads to surface wear of the constituents [1]. Ultimately, the progression of this damage mode leads to a further decline in the interfacial shear stress and load transfer between the constituents. Knowledge of the progression of both damage mechanisms, debonding and the reduction in interfacial shear strength, is critical to characterize ceramic composites since these mechanisms govern, in large part, the degradation in laminate properties. Unfortunately, experimental observation of these kinds of damage is not an easy task. However, attempts to measure these properties experimentally using single fiber and microcomposite tests have been conducted [2, 3]. Moreover, several techniques for estimating interfacial properties computationally using various models have been presented in the literature [4-8]. As in this study, several micromechanics models use hysteresis measurements to gain insight into the state of the fiber/matrix interface [4-6, 8]. The authors use the hysteresis data for a myriad of purposes ranging from the derivation of empirical constants to validation of simplified failure criterion. The current study is unique in that assumptions are not made regarding either the failure of the interface (debonding), nor the associated degradation in shear resistance during fatigue. The present study attempts to infer a logical progression of both mechanisms without specific failure criteria. Rather, the analysis is a 'what must they be' comparison between the experimental measurements of hysteretic energy loss within a given fatigue cycle and the numerical predictions from the one-dimensional shear-lag analysis. The strength of the model and its application as presented herein resides in its simplicity allowing the validated approach to be incorporated into more rigorous micromechanics models which more accurately model the instantaneous state of stress within the laminate as has been the evolution of the early shear-lag models. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFIT, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF Acad, DFEM, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF, Corros Program Off, WL MLS OL, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFIT, ENY, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-3046 J9 ADV COMPOS MATER JI Adv. Compos. Mater. PY 2000 VL 9 IS 3 BP 161 EP 173 DI 10.1163/15685510051033322 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 379HE UT WOS:000165635600001 ER PT S AU Latham, WP Cooley, WT Vansuch, GJ Salvi, TC AF Latham, WP Cooley, WT Vansuch, GJ Salvi, TC BE Osinski, M Powell, HT Toyoda, K TI High-power semiconductor lasers: Applications and progress SO ADVANCED HIGH-POWER LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced High-Power Lasers CY NOV 01-05, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Laser Soc Japan, SPIE, Osaka Univ, Fac Engn & ILE, ICF Forum, Inst Laser Technol, Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Adv Mat Proc Inst Kinki, R&D Inst Photon Engn AB The United States government and industry have a long standing interest in developing high power semiconductor lasers for a variety of applications. These include material processing, long range sensing, and long range communications. The wavelength depends on the application, and sometimes on eye safety considerations. Key development goals are high brightness and high efficiency. This paper will review some of the applications, key laser performance features desired, and some of the accomplishments in high power diode lasers from the High Power Semiconductor Laser Technology program. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Latham, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3487-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3889 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1117/12.380881 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BP93S UT WOS:000086689800004 ER PT S AU McCord, JE Ionin, AA Phipps, SP Crowell, PG Lampson, AI McIver, J Hager, GD AF McCord, JE Ionin, AA Phipps, SP Crowell, PG Lampson, AI McIver, J Hager, GD BE Osinski, M Powell, HT Toyoda, K TI Frequency tunable optically pumped carbon monoxide laser SO ADVANCED HIGH-POWER LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced High-Power Lasers CY NOV 01-05, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Laser Soc Japan, SPIE, Osaka Univ, Fac Engn & ILE, ICF Forum, Inst Laser Technol, Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Adv Mat Proc Inst Kinki, R&D Inst Photon Engn DE optically pumped; carbon monoxide laser; frequency tunable; mid-IR AB Single line, frequency tunable lasing was observed in an optically pumped, repetitively pulsed, room temperature CO laser for the first time. The R(0) and R(7) re-vibrational transitions in the (2,0) overtone of CO at 2.3 mu m were optically pumped with a high-energy optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Single line lasing was observed on (2,1) P(2)-P(17) transitions and R(0)-R(11) transitions (covering wavelengths within the range 4.6 - 4.9 mu m) when using a diffraction grating as the spectrally selective reflector of the laser resonator. The observed CO laser pulse lengths were - 10(-7) seconds with peak power being up to 10(4) W. The influence of CO pressure, addition of buffer gas (He, Ar), Q-factor of the laser resonator, and pump pulse energy on CO laser pulse temporal characteristics and output energy spectral distribution was studied experimentally. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP McCord, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Ionin, Andrey/M-3857-2015 OI Ionin, Andrey/0000-0003-3119-4592 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3487-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3889 BP 691 EP 701 DI 10.1117/12.380951 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BP93S UT WOS:000086689800082 ER PT J AU LeClair, S AF LeClair, S TI Neural networks accelerate materials design SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP LeClair, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0026-0665 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 157 IS 1 BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 272CY UT WOS:000084634000004 ER PT S AU Hedges, RA Suter, BW AF Hedges, RA Suter, BW BE Luk, FT TI An improved radon transform based method to quantify local stationarity SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures, and Implementations X CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE non-stationarity; numerical spread; radon transform AB Establishing measures for local stationarity is an open problem in the field of time-frequency analysis. One promising theoretical measure, known as the spread, provides a means for quantifying potential correlation between signal elements. In this paper we investigate the issue of generalizing techniques developed by the authors to better estimate the spread of a signal. Existing techniques estimate the spread as the rectangular region of support of the associated expected ambiguity function oriented parallel to the axes. By applying Radon Transform techniques we can produce a parameterized model which describes the orientation of the region of support providing tighter estimates of the signal spread. Examples are provided, that illustrate the enhancement of the new method. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Hedges, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3761-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4116 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1117/12.406512 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR58A UT WOS:000166853800003 ER PT S AU Dinndorf, KM Miller, HC AF Dinndorf, KM Miller, HC BE Injeyan, H Keller, U Marshall, C TI Near-diffraction limited 65W Nd : YLF laser SO ADVANCED SOLID STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid State Lasers CY FEB 13-16, 2000 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, European Phys Soc ID MODE; EFFICIENCY C1 USAF, Res Lab, Laser Div, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dinndorf, KM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Laser Div, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-628-1 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 34 BP 165 EP 167 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU18F UT WOS:000175262800035 ER PT S AU McKay, J Krause, D Schepler, KL AF McKay, J Krause, D Schepler, KL BE Injeyan, H Keller, U Marshall, C TI Optimization of Cr2+: CdSe for efficient laser operation SO ADVANCED SOLID STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid State Lasers CY FEB 13-16, 2000 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, European Phys Soc AB Cr2+:CdSe samples with transverse Cr2+ concentration gradients were used to determine optimum concentration for pulsed laser performance. Beyond the optimum concentration. scattering degrades laser performance. An optimized resonator produced 320 mW at 2.6-mum with 38% incident and 50% absorbed power conversion efficiency. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McKay, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNJT, 3109 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-628-1 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 34 BP 218 EP 224 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU18F UT WOS:000175262800045 ER PT B AU Buchi, RH Paterson, K Gowers, CJ AF Buchi, RH Paterson, K Gowers, CJ GP AESF AESF TI Elimination of chromates in paint preparation SO AESF/EPA CONFERENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXCELLENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference for Environmental Excellence CY JAN 17, 2000-JAN 19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Electroplater & Surface Finishers Soc, US EPA AB Reduction and elimination of chromate-containing wastes is a major pollution prevention goal. One of the most pervasive uses of material containing chromate is in the treatment of aluminum with chromate conversion coating. Hill AFB has found an environmentally friendly solution that leaves a thin film on the substrate, which passivates the surface and enhances paint adhesion. The solution has been accepted for the prepping of aircraft. This presentation will contain test data, a model of the new conversion coating and present some of the Hill AFB work on the cleaning of substrates. C1 OO ALC TIELM, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Buchi, RH (reprint author), OO ALC TIELM, 7278 4th St, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SURFACE FINISHERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA PY 2000 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW97T UT WOS:000183832500012 ER PT J AU Fuller, RP Wu, PK Kirkendall, KA Nejad, AS AF Fuller, RP Wu, PK Kirkendall, KA Nejad, AS TI Effects of injection angle on atomization of liquid jets in transverse airflow SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 06-09, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID CROSS-FLOW; BREAKUP AB An experimental investigation was conducted to study and characterize the effects of injection angle on the breakup processes of turbulent liquid jets in a subsonic crossflow of air. With water as the test liquid, the injection angle, freestream Mach number, and injection velocity were varied over a wide range to provide an extensive database of experimental results. Pulsed shadowgraph photography was employed to ascertain column trajectories, column fracture locations, and near-field spray characteristics, Results indicate that column breakup behavior can be divided into two distinct regimes: aerodynamic and nonaerodynamic, Liquid column fracture locations were found to he governed by length scales, which depend on the corresponding breakup regime. For aerodynamic breakup, the column length scale was derived from the timescale for the analogous process of the aerodynamic secondary breakup of a droplet. For nonaerodynamic breakup, the column length scale was derived from the timescale for the breakup of a turbulent liquid jet issuing into a quiescent gas. A breakup regime parameter was defined to determine, based on jet operating conditions, the prevalent breakup regime and, therefore, the appropriate column length scale. Liquid column trajectories were correlated with an effective jet-to-freestream momentum flux ratio and transverse injection angle by applying a force balance and momentum analysis. Comparisons between experimental data and analytical predictions are presented and show excellent agreement in most cases. C1 Taitech Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fuller, RP (reprint author), Kaiser Marquardt, 16555 Saticoy St, Van Nuys, CA 91406 USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.2514/2.923 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 274UK UT WOS:000084783300008 ER PT J AU Pinchak, SJ Ray, A AF Pinchak, SJ Ray, A TI Pilot safety enhancement for on-board ground collision avoidance systems SO AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flight safety; pilots; training AB The goal of the paper is to present an enhancement of the existing on-board ground collision avoidance system (GCAS) that is designed to increase pilot safety in USAF A-10 aircraft. The A-10 is a single-seat, twin-engine aircraft with a 30 mm, seven-barreled Gatling gun and 11 weapon pylons designed to fly at low level in close air support missions. The GCAS system provides both visual and aural cues for a pilot-initiated recovery. The proposed algorithm of GCAS enhancement is built on a simple linear regression model that predicts the recovery height of the aircraft following a warning call and allows pilots to compare their own training events with flight test standards. This paper presents a discussion of model development, validation and comparison of the model predictions with actual flight test events. A comparison of recovery techniques and pilot options is included. A series of recommendations and possible usage for Air Force pilot training are also discussed. C1 USAF, Vance, OK 73701 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Pinchak, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Vance, OK 73701 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0002-2667 J9 AIRCR ENG AEROSP TEC JI Aircr. Eng. Aerosp. Technol. PY 2000 VL 72 IS 5 BP 422 EP 429 DI 10.1108/00022660010346857 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 360MB UT WOS:000089670700001 ER PT S AU Power, GJ Wilson, KS AF Power, GJ Wilson, KS BE Javidi, B Psaltis, D TI Segmenting shadows from synthetic aperture radar imagery using edge-enhanced region growing SO ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS FOR OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Systems for Optical Information Processing IV CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE segmentation; evaluation; recognition; edge detection; synthetic aperture radar; metrics AB An enhanced region-growing approach for segmenting regions is introduced. A region-growing algorithm is merged with stopping criteria based on a robust noise-tolerant: edge-detection routine. The region-grow algorithm is then used to segment the shadow region in a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image. This approach recognizes that SAR phenomenology causes speckle in imagery even to the shadow area due to energy injected from the surrounding clutter and target. The speckled image makes determination of edges a difficult task even for the human observer. This paper outlines the edge-enhanced region grow approach and compares the results to three other segmentation approaches including the region-grow only approach, an automated-threshold approach based on a priori knowledge of the SAR target information, and the manual segmentation approach. The comparison is shown using a tri-metric inter-algorithmic approach. The metrics used to evaluate the segmentation include percent-pixels same (PPS), the partial-directed hausdorff (PDH) metric: and a shape-based metric based on the complex inner product (CIP). Experimental results indicate that the enhanced region-growing technique is a reasonable segmentation for the SAR target image chips obtained from the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) program. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Power, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3758-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4113 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1117/12.405840 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR57Z UT WOS:000166853600012 ER PT S AU Anderson, GP Berk, A Acharya, PK Matthew, MW Bernstein, LS Chetwynd, JH Dothe, H Adler-Golden, SM Ratkowski, AJ Felde, GW Gardner, JA Hoke, ML Richtsmeier, SC Pukall, B Mello, J Jeong, LS AF Anderson, GP Berk, A Acharya, PK Matthew, MW Bernstein, LS Chetwynd, JH Dothe, H Adler-Golden, SM Ratkowski, AJ Felde, GW Gardner, JA Hoke, ML Richtsmeier, SC Pukall, B Mello, J Jeong, LS BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI MODTRAN4: radiative transfer modeling for remote sensing SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MODTRAN; remote sensing; surface albedos; aerosols; multiple scattering; HITRAN ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; ATMOSPHERIC FLUXES; COOLING RATES; ALGORITHM; SURFACES AB MODTRAN4, the newly released version of the U.S. Air Force atmospheric transmission, radiance and flux model is being developed jointly by the Air Force Research Laboratory / Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL / VS) and Spectral Sciences, Inc. It is expected to provide the accuracy required for analyzing spectral data for both atmospheric and surface characterization. These two quantities are the subject of satellite and aircraft campaigns currently being developed and pursued by, for instance: NASA (Earth Observing System), NPOESS (National Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite System), and the European Space Agency (GOME-Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment). Accuracy improvements in MODTRAN relate primarily to two major developments: (1) the multiple scattering algorithms have been made compatible with the spectroscopy by adopting a correlated-k approach to describe the statistically expected transmittance properties for each spectral bin and atmospheric layer, and (2) radiative transfer calculations can be conducted with a Beer-Lambert formulation that improves the treatment of path inhomogeneities. Other code enhancements include the incorporation of solar azimuth dependence in the DISORT-based multiple scattering model, the introduction of surface BRDF (Bi-directional Radiance Distribution Functions) models and a 15 cm(-1) band model for improved computational speed. Finally, recent changes to the HITRAN data base, relevant to the 0.94 and 1.13 um bands of water vapor, have been incorporated into the MODTRAN4 databases. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 24 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3675-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4049 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.410338 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Mathematics, Applied; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BQ82H UT WOS:000089706600015 ER PT S AU Meidunas, E Acharya, PK Adler-Golden, SM Anderson, GP Armstrong, PS Berk, A Berstein, LS Felde, G Gardner, JA Hoke, M Matthew, MW Ratkowski, AJ AF Meidunas, E Acharya, PK Adler-Golden, SM Anderson, GP Armstrong, PS Berk, A Berstein, LS Felde, G Gardner, JA Hoke, M Matthew, MW Ratkowski, AJ BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Atmospheric correction of spectral imagery data SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Atmospheric emission, scattering and photon absorption degrade spectral imagery data and reduce its utility. The Air Force Research Laboratory and Spectral Sciences, Inc, are developing a MODTRAN4-based 'atmospheric mitigation' algorithm to support current and planned IR-visible-UV sensor spectral radiance imagery measurements. The intent is to provide surface reflectance and emissivity imagery data of sufficient accuracy for input into subsequent analyses of sur;face properties, effectively removing the atmospheric component. This report is the result of the application of the atmospheric mitigation algorithm to a NASA/JPL AVIRIS spectral image cube as a pre-processing step towards improving the performance of image categorization routines. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL,VSBM, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Meidunas, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL,VSBM, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3675-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4049 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.1117/12.410339 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Mathematics, Applied; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BQ82H UT WOS:000089706600016 ER PT S AU Worrell, S Soumekh, M AF Worrell, S Soumekh, M BE Zelnio, EG TI Automatic target recognition in SAR using digitally-spotlighted phase history data SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE synthetc aperture radar; automatic target recognition; signal subspace matched filtering AB This paper is concerned with a representation of a target's complex Synthetic Aperture Radar signature that could be used for classification purposes. In this representation, the complex SAR signature of a desired target area (chip) as a function of the radar frequency and aspect angle (omega, phi) (i.e., the target area phase history data) are shown to directly map into the two-dimensional spectrum of the target's image via a nonlinear transformation; the same information base in the (omega, phi) domain is shown to be retrievable from the digitally-spotlighted complex SAR signature of the desired target region. For the classification problem (Automatic Target Recognition), the resultant complex SAR signature in the (omega, phi) domain is compared with a finite and discrete set of reference complex SAR signatures via a process that we refer to as signal subspace matched filtering. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Worrell, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNAS, 2010 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3679-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4053 BP 344 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.396346 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Telecommunications SC Mathematics; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ82J UT WOS:000089706700034 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Westerkamp, J Hong, L Layne, J Garber, F Shaw, A AF Blasch, E Westerkamp, J Hong, L Layne, J Garber, F Shaw, A BE Zelnio, EG TI Identifying moving HRR signatures with an ATR Belief Data Association Filter SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sensor fusion; HRR target recognition; belief filter; tracking ID TRACKING AB The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the benefits of a tracking and identification algorithm that uses a belief data association filter for target recognition. By associating track and ID information, the belief filter accumulates evidence for classifying High-Range Resolution (HRR) radar signatures from a moving target. A track history can be utilized to reduce the search space of targets for a given pose range. The technique follows the work of Mitchell and Westerkamp by processing HRR amplitude and location feature sets. The new aspect of the work is the identification of multiple moving targets of the same type. The conclusions from the work is that moving ATR from HRR signatures necessitates a track history for robust target ID. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3679-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4053 BP 479 EP 488 DI 10.1117/12.396358 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Telecommunications SC Mathematics; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ82J UT WOS:000089706700046 ER PT S AU Arnold, DG Sturtz, K AF Arnold, DG Sturtz, K BE Zelnio, EG TI Geometric object/image relations for RADAR SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE RADAR ATR; geometric invariants; Lie group analysis; object/image relations; standard position method ID RECOGNITION AB Recent research in invariant theory has determined the fundamental geometric relation between objects and their corresponding " imaged ". This relation is independent of the sensor (ex. RADAR) parameters and the transformations of the object. This relationship can be used to extract 3-D models from image sequences. This capability is extremely useful for target recognition, image sequence compression, understanding, indexing, interpolating, and other applications. Object/image relations have been discovered for different sensors by different researchers. This paper presents an intuitive form of the object/image relations for RADAR systems with the goal of enhancing interpretation. This paper presents a high level example of how a 3-D model is constructed directly from RADAR (or SAR) sequences (with or without independent motion). The primary focus is to provide a basic understanding of how this result can be exploited to advance research in many applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Arnold, DG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNAT, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3679-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4053 BP 538 EP 545 DI 10.1117/12.396364 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Telecommunications SC Mathematics; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ82J UT WOS:000089706700051 ER PT S AU Bryant, ML AF Bryant, ML BE Zelnio, EG TI Managing nuisance parameters SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Automatic Target Recognition; statistical pattern recognition; bayes; maximum likelihood AB The principal design challenge in Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) is signature variability. Target signatures are known to vary significantly as a function of numerous nuisance parameters, such as aspect angle, depression angle, component articulation, etc.. There are several methods that have been used to manage nuisance parameters and the resulting signature variability. The focus of this paper is to define the various methods, provide examples, and illustrate the most common methods. A simple example will be used to compare the performance of the sampling, estimation, and integration methods. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bryant, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3679-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4053 BP 579 EP 586 DI 10.1117/12.396368 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Telecommunications SC Mathematics; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ82J UT WOS:000089706700055 ER PT S AU Wilson, KS Ryan, PA Hopper, CM AF Wilson, KS Ryan, PA Hopper, CM BE Zelnio, EG TI Modeling artificial synthetic aperture radar clutter scenes using spatial autocorrelation and group statistics SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Synthetic Aperture Radar; SAR; synthetic scene; scene modeling; statistical; spatial auto-correlation AB Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image scene modeling tools are of high interest to Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) algorithm evaluation because they allow the testing of ATR's over a wider range of extended operating conditions (EOCs). Typical EOCs include target aspect, target configuration, target obscuration, and background terrain variations. A baseline terrain image synthesis technique empirically derived probability density functions (pdfs) for various terrain types from measured data to allow the simulation of user defined scenes. Initial full scene simulation experiments that applied this technique to the MSTAR data showed that using measured images as a data source for creating distribution: functions in artificial scenes can introduce error, unless the proper spatial autocorrelation is also modeled. Measured SAR scene pixels have non-zero autocorrelation that blurs edges between different terrain types and creates a texture in the clutter regions of the image. Unfortunately, applying simple blurring techniques, such as a moving weighted window, to model autocorrelation mutes the second and higher moments of the pixel amplitude statistics. We propose a technique that models spatial autocorrelation while preserving the desired the amplitude statistics within each defined terrain class group. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilson, KS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3679-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4053 BP 610 EP 614 DI 10.1117/12.396371 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Telecommunications SC Mathematics; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ82J UT WOS:000089706700058 ER PT S AU Westerkamp, JJ Williams, R Palomino, A Hawley, R AF Westerkamp, JJ Williams, R Palomino, A Hawley, R BE Zelnio, EG TI Synthetic moving target HRR profile generation using measured and modeled target data SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE HRR; modeling; range/Doppler; synthetic; scattering centers AB The research community is constantly searching for a rich high range resolution (HRR) radar dataset against moving targets. Due to the lack of HRR sensors, however, these data are unavailable and progress in tracking and identification of moving targets has been slow. This effort represents an attempt to synthesize HRR profiles for ground moving targets from readily available stationary ground target measured and synthetic data. The measured data are taken from the extensive Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) program database. The synthetic data are generated using Xpatch scattering center models for ground targets. In both cases, the target data are segmented from any background clutter and then processed on a pulse-by-pulse basis to inject linear constant velocity motion onto the target. The results are displayed in a range/doppler image. Targets exhibit range walk and Doppler smear as would be expected. A keystone technique is used to correct the linear distortions to the phase history and refocus the target HRR chips for sensors requiring longer HRR dwell times. C1 AFRL, SNA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Westerkamp, JJ (reprint author), AFRL, SNA, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3679-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4053 BP 631 EP 641 DI 10.1117/12.396374 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Telecommunications SC Mathematics; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ82J UT WOS:000089706700061 ER PT S AU Pierson, WE Ross, T AF Pierson, WE Ross, T BE Zelnio, EG TI Automatic target recognition (ATR) evaluation theory: a survey SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE automatic target recognition; performance estimation; statistical pattern recognition AB Proper evaluation of a pattern recognition system in the lab is paramount to its success in the field. In most commercial pattern recognition applications, such as breast cancer detection, optical character recognition, and industrial quality assurance, the boundaries and expectation of the system are well defined. This is due, at least in part, to an excellent understanding of the problem and data space for these applications. For these functions, a method for rigorous evaluation is well understood. However, the size and complexity of the data and problem spaces for automatic target recognition (ATR) systems is enormous. The consequences are that a complete understanding of how an ATR system will perform in practice is extraordinarily difficult to estimate. Thus the act of evaluating an ATR system becomes as important as its design. This paper compiles and reports the techniques used to evaluate ATR system performance. It surveys the specific difficulties associated with ATR performance estimation as well as approaches used to mitigate these obstacles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pierson, WE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3679-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4053 BP 666 EP 676 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Telecommunications SC Mathematics; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ82J UT WOS:000089706700064 ER PT S AU Wicker, D Westerkamp, JJ Williams, R Palomino, A AF Wicker, D Westerkamp, JJ Williams, R Palomino, A BE Zelnio, EG TI Air Force Research Laboratory evaluation testbed for RF moving target technology SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE HRR; simulation; range/Doppler; evaluation; testbed AB Evaluation is a cornerstone of AFRL/SN research into target detection, tracking, and identification. A formal evaluation procedure provides quantitative feedback on algorithm performance and a means for monitoring algorithm improvement and for comparison of different algorithms on an objective and equal basis. AFRL/SN has invested in an Advanced Real-Time in the Cockpit Cell (ARC) facility as a part of the Collaborative Engineering Environment (CEE) that allows for rapid evaluation of target detection, tracking, and identification algorithms within a comprehensive simulation environment that includes target simulators, sensor simulators, analyst workstations, strike simulators and weapon flyout. A testbed is under development to support the evaluation of RF moving target technology as well as maturity assessments of the technologies for transition. C1 AFRL, SNA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45453 USA. RP Wicker, D (reprint author), AFRL, SNA, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45453 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3679-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4053 BP 705 EP 710 DI 10.1117/12.396382 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Telecommunications SC Mathematics; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ82J UT WOS:000089706700068 ER PT S AU Jata, KV AF Jata, KV BE Starke, EA Sanders, TH Cassada, WA TI Friction stir welding of high strength aluminum alloys SO ALUMINIUM ALLOYS: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys (ICAA7) CY APR 09-14, 2000 CL CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP Univ Virginia, Light Met Ctr, Aluminium Assoc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Reynolds Met Co DE Al alloy 7050; Al-Li; fatigue; friction-stir welding; recrystallization ID FATIGUE CRACK-PROPAGATION; STRESS-CORROSION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; ENVIRONMENT; RESISTANCE AB Friction stir welding is a solid state joining process that is finding vast applications in the aerospace industry, particularly for joining high strength aluminum alloys [1-16]. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of friction stir welding (FSW) on structure and properties in two high strength Al alloys; an Al-Li-Cu alloy and a 7050 alloy. Microstructural and fatigue crack growth aspects are discussed. C1 USAF, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jata, KV (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-853-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 331-3 BP 1701 EP 1712 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ58A UT WOS:000088851600253 ER PT J AU Parkinson, MD Scutchfield, FD AF Parkinson, MD Scutchfield, FD TI From public health and medicine to population health improvement: The 50-year search for training in preventive medicine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, HQ USAF SGM, Med Operat Agcy, Washington, DC 20332 USA. RP Parkinson, MD (reprint author), USAF, HQ USAF SGM, Med Operat Agcy, Bolling AFB,Room 400,100 Luke Ave, Washington, DC 20332 USA. RI Scutchfield, F. Douglas/F-9959-2013 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00108-7 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 275TJ UT WOS:000084836000014 PM 10808990 ER PT J AU Y'Blood, WT AF Y'Blood, WT TI Destined for glory: Dive bombing, Midway and the evolution of carrier airpower SO AMERICAN NEPTUNE LA English DT Book Review C1 Air Force Hist Support Off, Bolling AFB, DC USA. RP Y'Blood, WT (reprint author), Air Force Hist Support Off, Bolling AFB, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PEABODY MUSEUM PI SALEM PA E INDIA MARINE HALL, SALEM, MA 01970 USA SN 0003-0155 J9 AM NEPTUNE JI Am. Neptune PY 2000 VL 60 IS 1 BP 99 EP 100 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 395AK UT WOS:000166556400022 ER PT J AU Berry, ST Kersley, L Moen, J Denig, WF AF Berry, ST Kersley, L Moen, J Denig, WF TI Ionospheric signatures of magnetospheric boundaries in the post-noon sector SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE-ATMOSPHERES HYDROSPHERES AND SPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ionosphere; auroral ionosphere; ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; polar ionosphere ID PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION; TOMOGRAPHY; MORPHOLOGY; ARCS AB Spatial structures in ionospheric electron density revealed in a tomographic image have been identified with auroral forms and related to their sources in precipitating particles observed by DMSP satellites. The observations of plasma enhancements relate to discrete auroral arcs seen in the post-noon sector, identified by both red- and green-line emissions measured by a meridional scanning photometer. The features lie within a very narrow latitudinal band on L-shells where the satellite detectors observed electron precipitation classified as from the boundary plasma sheet (BPS). The harder particles are identified with an E-region structure, while further north the precipitation is softer, resulting in a localised F-layer blob and 630.0 nm emissions. A steep gradient in plasma density represent a signature in the ionosphere of the central plasma sheet (CPS)/BPS boundary. A transition to a less-structured F-layer is found on crossing the convection reversal boundary. C1 Univ Wales, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Kersley, L (reprint author), Univ Wales, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. EM lek@aber.ac.uk NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ATM HYDR JI Ann. Geophys.-Atmos. Hydrospheres Space Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s00585-000-0074-2 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 272UR UT WOS:000084669800008 ER PT J AU Schwietz, LA Goetz, DW Whisman, BA Reid, MJ AF Schwietz, LA Goetz, DW Whisman, BA Reid, MJ TI Cross-reactivity among conifer pollens SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOMERIA-JAPONICA POLLEN; JAPANESE CEDAR POLLEN; CRY-J-I; CUPRESSUS-SEMPERVIRENS; MAJOR ALLERGEN; CYPRESS POLLEN; IGE ANTIBODIES; IDENTIFICATION; POLLINOSIS; ARIZONICA AB Background: There are increasing reports of Cupressaceae pollinosis from various geographic areas. Cross-reactivity among a limited number of species within the Cupressaceae family has been suggested. Juniperus ashei (mountain cedar) is the leading cause of respiratory allergy in South Texas. Objective: This study examines in vivo and in vitro cross-reactivity among 12 Cupressaceae species, one Taxodiaceae species, one Pinaceae species, and an angiosperm. Methods: Cross-reactivity among pollen extracts of mountain cedar (MC) and the other 14 trees was investigated by: (1) prick skin testing of each tree pollen extract in ten patients with MC pollinosis. (2) Ouchterlony gel immunodiffusion employing rabbit antisera to MC. (3) IgE immunoblotting using high-titer MC pooled human sera, and immunoblot inhibition after pre-incubation with MC protein. (4) Monoclonal antibody immunoblotting using a murine monoclonal antibody with strong affinity for the gp40 major allergen of MC. Results: Positive skin wheal-and-flare responses occurred to all 12 Cupressaceae and Japanese cedar (the Taxodiaceae), but not to the Pinaceae or the angiosperm. In Ouchterlony gels, lines of identity or partial identity formed between MC and all pollens except the Pinaceae and the angiosperm. Immunoblots demonstrated IgE binding to the 40 to 42 kD protein in each Cupressaceae, and to a parallel band in Japanese cedar at 43 to 46 kD. Immunoblot inhibition by MC pollen was complete for all trees. The monoclonal bound both the 40 to 42 kD protein in 11 of 12 Cupressaceae species and the 46 kD band in Japanese cedar, but bound no protein bands in the Pinaceae or the angiosperm. Conclusion: Pollen proteins of the 12 Cupressaceae (including MC) and the Taxodiaceae (Japanese cedar) are extensively cross-reactive. In particular, the MC major allergen, gp40, is cross-reactive with 40 to 42 kD proteins of the other Cupressaceae and with the Japanese cedar major allergen of 46 kD. Component-based immunotherapy may someday allow a standard treatment for both Juniper-allergic and C. japonica-allergic patients. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Dept, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Schwietz, LA (reprint author), USAF Acad, 10th Med Grp, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 33 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 84 IS 1 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62746-9 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 282PJ UT WOS:000085227000015 PM 10674571 ER PT J AU Bunning, TJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL AF Bunning, TJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL TI Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE grating; diffraction; photopolymerization; electro-optical; switching ID ELECTROOPTICAL SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS; BRAGG GRATINGS; DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; INTERFERENCE PATTERN; VOLUME HOLOGRAMS; FILMS; MORPHOLOGY; PHOTOPOLYMER; EFFICIENCY; BEHAVIOR AB The formation of switchable holographic gratings from polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) allows for the development of switchable transmissive and reflective diffractive optics. These structures are created by the coherent interference of laser radiation within a syrup containing photoreactive monomer, initiator, and liquid crystal. Local differences in photopolymerization rates induce phase separation of discrete LC domains to occur periodically commensurate with the period of the interference pattern. These spatially periodic gratings of nano-scale sized LC domains can be formed on grating length scales ranging from 100 nm to microns depending on the optics of fabrication. True Bragg gratings are formed with spacings typically less than 1 mu m. Owing to the refractive profile generated by this periodic two-phase structure, diffraction of light occurs. Electrical switching of the average director orientation within the LC domains results in a modulation of diffracted radiation. This technology serves as the basis for the fabrication of switchable diffractive optical elements. We review the current state-of-the-art: of H-PDLC technology including the materials used to date, the resulting electro-optical properties, the importance of grating formation dynamic measurements, and structure/property relationships developed using solid state morphology techniques. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 61 TC 405 Z9 410 U1 10 U2 98 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6600 J9 ANNU REV MATER SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. PY 2000 VL 30 BP 83 EP 115 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.30.1.83 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 354LR UT WOS:000089332400006 ER PT S AU Oxley, ME Carter, MA AF Oxley, ME Carter, MA BE Priddy, KL Keller, PE Fogel, DB TI Topological-based capability measures of artificial neural network architectures SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence CY APR 24-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE artificial neural network architecture; capability measure; invariants ID CHERVONENKIS AB Current measures of an artificial neural network (ANN) capability are based on the V-C dimension and its variations. These measures may be underestimating the actual ANN's capabilities and hence overestimating the required number of examples for learning. This is caused by relying on a single invariant description of the problem set, which, in this case is cardinality, and requiring worst case geometric arrangements and colorings. A capability measure allows aligning the measure with desired characteristics of the problem sets. The mathematical framework has been established in which to express other desired invariant descriptors of a capability measure. New invariants are defined on the problem space that yield new capability measures of ANNs that are based on topological properties. A specific example of an invariant is given which is based on topological properties of the problem set and yields a new measure of ANN architecture. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oxley, ME (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3681-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4055 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.380558 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BQ19C UT WOS:000087421200001 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Broussard, R AF Blasch, E Broussard, R BE Priddy, KL Keller, PE Fogel, DB TI Physiologically motivated computational visual target recognition beta selection SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence CY APR 24-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE fusion; target recognition; classification; PCNN; ROC ID INFORMATION; MODEL AB This paper investigates the use of a beta value derived from a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for target recognition. Using a physiologically-motivated sensor-fusion algorithm, lower-level data is filtered and fused using a Pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN) to represent the feature processing of the parvocellular and magnocellular pathways. High level decision making includes feature association from the PCNN filter, information fusion, and selection of a signal-detection beta value that optimizes performance. A beta value is response bias based on a likelihood ratio of Gaussian distributions that can be used as a decision strategy to discriminate between targets. By employing a beta value as the output of the physiologic-motivated sensor fusion algorithm, targets are classified based on the fusion of feature data. C1 USAF, RL, SNAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, RL, SNAS, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3681-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4055 BP 442 EP 451 DI 10.1117/12.380598 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BQ19C UT WOS:000087421200044 ER PT J AU Pogue, RT Sutherland, RL Schmitt, MG Natarajan, LV Siwecki, SA Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ AF Pogue, RT Sutherland, RL Schmitt, MG Natarajan, LV Siwecki, SA Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ TI Electrically switchable Bragg gratings from liquid crystal/polymer composites SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Review ID INDUCED PHASE-SEPARATION; HOLOGRAPHIC GRATINGS; POLYMER; CRYSTAL; MORPHOLOGY C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. RP Pogue, RT (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4031 Colonel Glenn Highway, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. NR 33 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 54 IS 1 BP 12A EP 28A PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 282ZC UT WOS:000085250800001 ER PT J AU Dunphy, CH Panella, MJ Grosso, LE AF Dunphy, CH Panella, MJ Grosso, LE TI Low-grade B-Cell lymphoma and concomitant extensive sarcoidlike granulomas - A case report and review of the literature SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; UNTREATED PATIENTS; MYCOSIS-FUNGOIDES; HODGKINS-DISEASE; SARCOIDOSIS; HYPERCALCEMIA; IMMUNOCYTOMA; METABOLISM; PROTEIN AB Sarcoidlike granulomas may occur in association with Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The granulomas may be concomitant and so extensive that they obscure the malignant process. In addition, a sarcoidosis; lymphoma syndrome has been described in which there appears to be a relationship between sarcoidosis and the development of a lymphoproliferative disorder. We report a case of a low-grade B-cell lymphoma with concomitant extensive sarcoidlike granulomas. The patient had no diagnostic clinical evidence of sarcoidosis, although she had an elevated serum calcium level and increased serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity. Increased serum calcium and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity have been associated with clinical sarcoidosis but have also occasionally been described in association with Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma without evidence of sarcoidosis. We describe our findings and illustrate the usefulness of immunoperoxidase immunophenotyping techniques in such a case. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Div Hematopathol, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Dept Pathol, Scott AFB, IL USA. RP Dunphy, CH (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Div Hematopathol, 1402 S Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 124 IS 1 BP 152 EP 156 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 276CB UT WOS:000084857100029 PM 10629150 ER PT S AU Granholm, GR Proulx, RJ Cefola, PJ AF Granholm, GR Proulx, RJ Cefola, PJ BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI Orbit determination for medium altitude orbits using GPS receivers and ground-based tracking SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The past few years have seen a proliferation of non-traditional medium or high-altitude constellations designed for use in communications. A constellation considered for use in the Ellipso(TM) system features ten satellites in highly elliptical sun-synchronous frozen line of apsides (SSFLA) orbits. These orbits pose unique challenges to the orbit determination process, including high eccentricity, tesseral resonance, critical inclination, and sensitivity to solar radiation pressure. This paper will compare the effectiveness of GPS-based tracking with ground-based tracking in terms of accuracy of differential correction (DC) solutions. A "truth" orbit will be simulated using a high-precision Cowell numerical integrator. This orbit is then used to create simulated GPS pseudoranges and ground-based Doppler range and range-rate measurements. The GPS constellation is modeled and propagated using analytic J(2)-only equations expressed in equinoctial elements. To improve speed and performance, the GPS simulation is coded using a message-passing interface (MPI) parallel implementation. The pseudoranges and range/range-rate observations are used in a least-square DC process to solve for state parameters. solar radiation and drag coefficients, and ground station biases. Differences between the truth and fit/predict orbits are analyzed numerically and graphically. Cases are run for both atmospherically quiet and perturbed epochs and with atmospheric and gravitational mismodeling. It is found that the accuracy of the solution is strongly affected by atmospheric conditions. Both methods yield similar solutions but the DC process can require more ground-based observations than CPS pseudoranges, Overall, both tracking methods are shown to be viable for these types orbits. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Granholm, GR (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 401 EP 420 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400025 ER PT S AU Carter, S McLaughlin, C Sabol, C Bir, M AF Carter, S McLaughlin, C Sabol, C Bir, M BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI Spaceflight dynamics support for the MightySat II.1 hyperspectral payload operations SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The MightySat II.1 spacecraft (to be launched in April 2000) is a low-cost technology testbed for space-based experiments sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate. Potentially the first hyperspectral instrument in space, the Fourier Transform Hyperspectral Imager (FTHSI) is one of seven experiments manifested on MightySat II.1 and will provide AFRL with an opportunity to collect and exploit high spectral resolution information for the primary purpose of terrain categorization, In addition to payload development, testing and integration, and product exploitation, the Spectral Sensing Program is responsible for providing continuous mission operations support to the hyperspectral payload experimenters. This paper discusses the operations architecture developed for MightySat II.1 FTHSI support specifically focusing on the unique software contributions in the areas of orbit determination and payload mission scheduling, Integration of the Draper Semianalytic Satellite Theory (DSST) and MightySat II.1 spacecraft dynamical models into Satellite Toolkit (STK) are specifically addressed. The result is a flexible, high fidelity, user-friendly mission planning tool for FTHSI operations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Carter, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 693 EP 709 PN 1-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400043 ER PT S AU Bir, M Carter, S Sabol, C AF Bir, M Carter, S Sabol, C BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI Analysis for the selection of data source in the orbit determination process SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB There are many factors that affect the level of accuracy achievable in the orbit determination and prediction process, including the available tracking information, the type of propagator that is used, and the orbital parameters of the satellite. Under most circumstances, the mission designers must survey the possible options, evaluate the effects of each one, compare the results with the specific mission requirements, and ultimately decide which option is best for their application. This paper combines real and simulated data analysis with results from past work to cross-reference typical tracking data sources and propagators with the resulting orbit determination and prediction accuracy for standard orbit classes. For each orbit class (representative satellites were chosen from the low, medium, and high altitude regimes), several sources of tracking information were evaluated by comparing orbits obtained from fits to the tracking data with an appropriate 'truth' orbit. The tracking data sources include radio transponder, space surveillance network (SSN), satellite laser ranging (SLR), GPS navigation solutions, and improved accuracy optical data as applicable for each orbit class. Based on the availability of information for each satellite, real and simulated data fits were performed using the Draper version of the Goddard Trajectory Determination System (DGTDS). This tool supported evaluation of the Cowell numerical, Draper semianalytic, and simplified general perturbation propagators. While this study is not meant to be definitive for all applications, the results should help simplify the mission design process and determine the key factors for each class. The design process for the MightySat 11.1 spacecraft is used as an example. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bir, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 931 EP 949 PN 1-3 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400057 ER PT S AU Sabol, C Carter, S Vallado, D AF Sabol, C Carter, S Vallado, D BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI A fresh look at angles-only orbit determination SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Although the roots of angles-only orbit determination extend back to the times of Laplace in the late 1700's, most of today's astrodynamics community has been uncertain as to the applicability of angles-only estimation techniques for accurate satellite orbit determination. This approach provides a modestly robust method of sequentially processing angles-only information and, combined with increased availability of high accuracy angular observations in recent years, provides an attractive method for certain orbit determination applications. In addition, the combination of such accurate angular information with other sources (e.g. ranging data) offers the prospect of significant improvement in the ability to predict an object's motion, This paper addresses the use of angles-only information in the orbit determination processes by utilizing real world test cases from Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) assets. Specifically, single-site angles-only sequential estimation is performed to produce accurate orbit predictions of future passes over the site. The results demonstrate the utility of precise angles information in the context of high accuracy orbit determination. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sabol, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 951 EP 966 PN 1-3 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400058 ER PT S AU Gabor, MJ Nerem, RS AF Gabor, MJ Nerem, RS BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI A new approach to GPS carrier phase ambiguity resolution SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB GPS carrier phase ambiguities consist of an integer number of cycles distance between a transmitter and a receiver and a fractional bias due to hardware effects at the transmitter and the receiver. In this paper, instead of using double differences to remove the fractional phase contributions, single differences remove only the receiver effects. The satellite effects are estimated from a globally distributed network of receivers used for GPS precise orbit computations. Once satellite pair biases are calibrated, this paper's method allows single site ambiguity resolution that takes advantage of the bootstrapping of the network. Time series of the widelane carrier phase calibrations show definite trends. Because of the higher relative noise, it is more difficult to see trends in the L-1 bias calibration. The ultimate goal of this technique is to have an ambiguity resolution technique that can be applied during point positioning surveying. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gabor, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 1009 EP 1027 PN 1-3 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400062 ER PT S AU McLaughlin, CA Gold, K Born, GH AF McLaughlin, CA Gold, K Born, GH BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI Altitude effects on autonomous orbit determination SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID SATELLITES; MODEL AB The reduced dynamic technique (RDT) has become popular for removing unmodeled dynamic error. In particular the technique is useful for removing errors caused by poor atmospheric modeling. This paper examines the ability of the technique to remove drag error at a range of low altitudes where the error was simulated by perturbing the drag coefficient. The orbit determination was performed using simulated GPS flight receiver data with the GIPSY-OASIS II software package. The RDT sigma's for minimizing orbit error in the radial, cross track, and along track directions, and for minimizing the three dimensional position error are presented for a variety of low altitude, sun synchronous orbits. In an autonomous application, RDT removes drag as a significant error source at altitudes above about 350 kilometers. Also, for this altitude regime, the optimum sigma is nearly the same whether or not drag error is included in the solution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP McLaughlin, CA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen AVe SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 1041 EP 1059 PN 1-3 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400064 ER PT S AU Marcos, FA Wise, JO Kendra, MJ Bass, JN Larson, DR Liu, JJ AF Marcos, FA Wise, JO Kendra, MJ Bass, JN Larson, DR Liu, JJ BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI Satellite drag accuracy improvements from neutral density model calibration SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Atmospheric drag is the major error source in precision orbit determination for low-altitude satellites. Operational satellite drag model deficiencies are dominated by the inability to accurately specify neutral density variations. We previously demonstrated that significant reductions in operational drag model errors can be achieved using time-dependent neutral density corrections derived from assimilation of satellite tracking data, The corrections, carried out using data obtained during high solar activity (1988 - 1989) conditions, were based on the mean solar flux input as prescribed by the model. In particular, the model required a solar flux average that extended 40 days either side the day of interest. These values were readily available since we were working with historic data. Due to the incapability of obtaining realistic solar flux values 40 days in advance, operational drag calculations are carried out using the solar flux values for 90 days up to the time of interest. In the present paper we show that accurate neutral density model corrections can be obtained in near real time, using these operational indices in place of those on which the model is based. The atmospheric calibration technique is then shown to provide dramatic improvements in providing an accurate global depiction of neutral density fields for all solar flux conditions,. The typical 15% error of current operational models is reduced to 5% or less. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Marcos, FA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBP, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 1227 EP 1239 PN 1-3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400075 ER PT S AU Smith, JE Proulx, RJ Cefola, PJ Draim, JE AF Smith, JE Proulx, RJ Cefola, PJ Draim, JE BE Howell, KC Hoots, FR Kaufman, B Alfriend, KT TI An operational approach for generating near-optimal station keeping strategies via parallel genetic algorithms SO ASTRODYNAMICS 1999, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL GIRDWOOD, AK SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Extending upon the results of the authors' previous parallel genetic algorithm optimization approach, this study investigates ways in which the parallel genetic algorithm can be used as the basis for an operational station-keeping system, Specifically, an orbit is defined and parallel genetic algorithms are applied in such a manner that the orbit is maintained within a given set of tolerances. However, unlike the previous study that focused only on maintaining the orbit within the state constraints, this study focuses on ways to maintain near-optimality in the station keeping maneuvers, while also maintaining the operational characteristics of repeatability, speed of convergence and ease of implementation. Finally, the use of this operational station-keeping algorithm as a planning tool is discussed. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-467-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2000 VL 103 BP 1349 EP 1369 PN 1-3 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ63B UT WOS:000089017400081 ER PT J AU Barnaby, D Spillar, E Christou, JC Drummond, JD AF Barnaby, D Spillar, E Christou, JC Drummond, JD TI Measurements of binary stars with the starfire optical range adaptive optics systems SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; instrumentation : adaptive optics; methods : numerical; stars : individual (10 Ursae Majoris, phi Ursae Majoris, 81 Cancri, kappa Ursae Majoris, beta Delphini, ADS 14073) ID SPECKLE INTERFEROMETRY; IMAGES; ORBITS; DECONVOLUTION AB To investigate the relative photometry produced by adaptive optics within the isoplanatic patch, we observed four binaries, 10 UMa, phi UMa, 81 Cnc, and kappa UMa, with adaptive optics using natural guide stars on the 3.5 m telescope, as well as one binary, beta Del, with adaptive optics using a laser guide star on the 1.5 m telescope at the Starfire Optical Range. Iterative blind deconvolution (IBD) and parametric blind deconvolution (PBD) techniques were used to postprocess the data, which produced consistent results for position angles, separations, and magnitude differences. We also conducted simulations that verify the agreement between IBD and PBD and compared their measurements to truth data. From the results of both observations and simulations, we conclude that adaptive optics is well suited for providing not only position angles and separations for close binaries, but also good relative magnitudes without quadrant ambiguity. From the observations, we find that the secondary of 81 Cnc (separation = 0." 12) appears to be 0.12 mag brighter than the primary at 0.85 mu m and is, therefore, cooler. We also derive a new orbit for kappa UMa (separation = 0." 067). Our results for beta Del (ADS 14073) have significantly improved precision compared with the 1998 analyses of the same data by ten Brummelaar and colleagues and by Roberts, ten Brummelaar, and Mason. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL DES, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Barnaby, D (reprint author), USAF Reserve, Travis AFB, CA USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 119 IS 1 BP 378 EP 389 DI 10.1086/301155 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 280NW UT WOS:000085109700035 ER PT S AU Strong, DM Magee, EP Lamont, GB AF Strong, DM Magee, EP Lamont, GB BE Gonglewski, JD Kamerman, G Kohnle, A Schrieber, U Werner, C TI Implementation and test of wave optics code using parallel FFT algorithms SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION, ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS, AND LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation, Adaptive Systems, and Laser Radar Technology for Remote Sensing CY SEP 25-28, 2000 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP European Opt Soc, SPIE, NASA DE parallel processing; wave optics; propagation; turbulence; FFT; Matlab AB Wave optics propagation codes are widely used to simulate the propagation of electromagnetic radiation through a turbulent medium. The basis of these codes is typically the two dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Conventional FFTs (i.e. the standard Matlab FFT) do not use parallel processing and for large arrays, the processing time can be cumbersome. This research investigates the use of network-based parallel computing using personal computers. In particular, this study uses the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Bimodal Cluster a heterogeneous cluster of PCs connected by fast Ethernet for parallel digital signal processing using an FFT algorithm developed for use on this system. The parallel algorithms developed for the Parallel Distributed Computing Laboratory could greatly increase the computational power of current wave optics codes. The objective of this research is to implement current parallel FFT algorithms for use with wave optics propagation codes and quantify performance enhancement. With the parallel version of the FFT implemented into existing wave optics simulation code, high resolution simulations can be run in a fraction of the time currently required using conventional FFT algorithms. We present the results of implementing this parallel FFT algorithm and the enhanced performance achieved over the Matlab FFT2 function. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Strong, DM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3823-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4167 BP 34 EP 42 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR99W UT WOS:000168299300004 ER PT S AU Restaino, SR Baker, JT Dayton, D Werling, D Browne, S AF Restaino, SR Baker, JT Dayton, D Werling, D Browne, S BE Gonglewski, JD Kamerman, G Kohnle, A Schrieber, U Werner, C TI The state of the art in liquid crystal technologies for wavefront compensation: an AFRL perspective. SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION, ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS, AND LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation, Adaptive Systems, and Laser Radar Technology for Remote Sensing CY SEP 25-28, 2000 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP European Opt Soc, SPIE, NASA ID ADAPTIVE-OPTICS SYSTEM; WAVE-FRONT CORRECTION; PHASE MODULATOR; LIGHT; PERFORMANCE AB The idea of using liquid crystal as adaptive optics components has been proposed by several authors. In recent years a vigorous research effort has been carried out, and it is still nourishing, in several countries. Mainly the research and experimental work has been concentrated in US, U.K, and Russia. There are several reasons why liquid crystal may represent a valid alternative to the traditional deformable mirror technology that has been used for the past two decades or so. The main attractiveness of LC is resides in the cost. Current deformable mirror technology has a range of price going from $2K to $15K per channel. LC technology promises to be at leas a couple of order of magnitude cheaper. Other reasons are connected with reliability, low power consumption and with a huge technological momentum based on a wide variety of industrial applications. In this paper I present some of the experimental results of a 5 years, on going, research effort at the Air Force Research Lab. Most of the work has been on the development of suitable devices with extremely high optical quality, individually addressable pixels, fast switching time. The bulk of the work has been concentrated in the arena of the untwisted nematic material. However new devices are now under development using dual-frequency nematic material and high tilt angle ferroelectric material. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Restaino, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3823-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4167 BP 157 EP 161 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR99W UT WOS:000168299300017 ER PT B AU Kochel, CC Schikora, RD Staley, D Lanagan, D AF Kochel, CC Schikora, RD Staley, D Lanagan, D GP IEEE IEEE TI F-16 automatic test system solution for the Aerospace Expeditionary Force concept SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The recent Aerospace Expeditionary Force (AEF) concept envisions multiple Air Force platforms deploying to hotspots throughout the globe at a moment's notice. Air Force units must be capable of operating mixed force packages at great distances from main operating bases with limited airlift support. Under this scenario, military airlift comes at a premium, and standardization of support equipment across weapon systems becomes vital Avionics support equipment, traditionally a heavy user of airlift, must be standardized to support the AEF's tenets of light, Lan and lethal Headquarters Air Combat Command has taken the first step to implement this standardization by developing an operational requirements document for an AEF Common Avionics Test System. This system must provide test and repair capability for a wide range of avionics from multiple weapon systems operating in austere conditions. The F-16 has a combat-proven automatic test system currently capable of meeting all its AEF deployment requirements. Based on a series of planned system upgrades scheduled for completion by mid-2002 the F-16 SPO believes its avionics test solution will offer AEF weapon systems an excellent opportunity to capitalize off the F-16's investment and established infrastructure to meet their AEF avionics support deployment requirements with minimal cost, technical and schedule risk. C1 Headquarters Air Combat Command, HQ ACC DRA16, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. RP Kochel, CC (reprint author), Headquarters Air Combat Command, HQ ACC DRA16, 130 Douglas St,Ste 210, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 14 EP 30 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885566 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600003 ER PT B AU Schafer, DL AF Schafer, DL GP IEEE IEEE TI Lowering the cost of legacy systems upgrades SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Program managers are continually faced with the decision whether to maintain working legacy test systems or develop new test systems with greater capability. Maintaining older legacy systems allows the preservation of proven software with decreasing overall test capability as new systems and requirements arise. Developing new systems provides increased capability while suffering from the burden of a long and expensive software development and testing process. Combining current test procedure software with upgraded hardware can provide a low cost solution for program managers. OnBoard Software, Inc. has successfully upgraded the Automated Ground Engine Test Set (AGETS) with a modern computer platform while reusing over 99% of the original software. A Strobe Data PDP 11/44 emulator operating in a Windows NT environment was employed as a replacement for the legacy computer currently used As part of the upgrade, AGETS will gain the ability to transfer engine test data to a common database as well as increased parameter plotting and analysis capability. This paper will discuss the issues related to the system upgrade and the ultimate solutions employed In addition, the paper will discuss the economic benefits resulting from these solutions. C1 OnBoard Software Inc, Kelly AFB, TX 78241 USA. RP Schafer, DL (reprint author), OnBoard Software Inc, 404 Greig St,Bldg 178, Kelly AFB, TX 78241 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885598 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600035 ER PT B AU Howe, R Carmichael, NE AF Howe, R Carmichael, NE GP IEEE IEEE TI JET Engine Test Strategy - Program overview and objectives SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB JET Engine Test Strategy (JETS) is an innovative program for improving existing Air Force jet engine test cells. This paper describes the key elements of the JETS and discusses the phased approach for its implementation and realization of the benefits. The proposed system components for implementation of JETS benefits are contained in the Automated Jet Engine Test System (AJETS), which includes the instrumentation system, throttle control, engine-specific test programs, and a network Charts and photos are used to illustrate current and projected features and benefits of JETS. C1 LDAD, SA, ALC, Kelly AFB, TX 78241 USA. RP Howe, R (reprint author), LDAD, SA, ALC, 308 Av Ave, Kelly AFB, TX 78241 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 284 EP 289 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885604 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600041 ER PT B AU Johnson, JB Mecoyan, V Tang, E AF Johnson, JB Mecoyan, V Tang, E GP IEEE IEEE TI Dynamic simulator software SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB This document explains the principles and the practices of constructing a software package that provides dynamic engine simulation for use with jet engine test systems. Emphasis has been placed on retrofitting the simulation software into pre-existing test systems, while effectively managing the constraints posed by test system environmental factors, such as the speed and storage capabilities of the test hardware. The simulation of facility factors such as the hardware controls and the data acquisition hardware used on the test systems has also been addressed. C1 LASAT, ALC, OC, Tinker AFB, OK 73145 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), LASAT, ALC, OC, 8745 Entrance Rd A, Tinker AFB, OK 73145 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 300 EP 312 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885606 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600043 ER PT B AU Alford, LCLD AF Alford, LCLD GP IEEE IEEE TI The problem with aviation cots SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) has become a byword for acquisition reform, but there are significant risks associated with the use of COTS products in military systems. These risks are especially acute for aviation systems. This paper explains how COTS can negatively affect military acquisitions and gives ideas on how to plan and resolve COTS caused problems. C1 USAF, HQ, AFMC, DOP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alford, LCLD (reprint author), USAF, HQ, AFMC, DOP, 4375 Chidlaw Rd, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 519 EP 524 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885634 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600070 ER PT B AU Christenson, DW AF Christenson, DW GP IEEE IEEE TI Developing a stable architecture for interfacing aircraft to commercial personal computers SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The focus of this paper is the concept of utilizing commercial PC products and interfacing them to military and commercial aircraft. The problem of the life cycle of the different products is examined from multiple viewpoints. Existing products are described, architecture for each implementation is derived, and their strengths and weaknesses are explored. Finally an attempt to define the root causes for the problem of implementation of interface architectures in this environment will be presented. A new developmental architecture will be introduced This architecture is designed to maintain the strengths of the traditional architectures and eliminate some of the weaknesses and inefficiencies. A series of hardware/software co-development projects will be described to demonstrate the new architecture. The relative performance of the architectrrue has been evaluated and refined by multiple implementations. These will be described and future implementations examined. C1 Ogden Air Logist Ctr, TIST, OO,ALC, Software Engn Div, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Christenson, DW (reprint author), Ogden Air Logist Ctr, TIST, OO,ALC, Software Engn Div, 7278 4th St, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 559 EP 563 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885640 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600076 ER PT B AU Stong, N AF Stong, N GP IEEE IEEE TI The use of field programmable gate arrays for reusable interfaces SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Historically, whenever a unique digital interface was needed, a unique piece of hardware was created. Tn the field of program loaders/verifiers this often led to large, heavy and expensive equipment to support aircraft platforms such as the F-16 and F-15. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) can be used to create many different interfaces without the need for unique hardware. This paper will explore the techniques used to develop interfaces using FPGAs and provide examples of how FPGAs have reduced the size, weight and cost of flight line test equipment over the last 9 years. New uses of FPGAs for future applications are explored, showing additional benefits and further cost savings. FPGAs may also be used to implement some standard interfaces such as IEEE-488, RS-422 and PC parallel ports. The benefits and risk of using FPGAs for these standard interfaces are evaluated. C1 Ogden Air Logist Ctr, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Stong, N (reprint author), Ogden Air Logist Ctr, 7278 4th St, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 591 EP 600 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885646 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600082 ER PT B AU Harames, P Stong, N AF Harames, P Stong, N GP IEEE IEEE TI MIL-STD-1553 using a universal serial bus and a notebook PC SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB This paper presents the rational and design evolution for the use of MIL-STD-1553 designs incorporating a Universal Serial Errs interface. The discussion is centered on designs used on notebook class computers to perform software loading and verification using the 1553 bus. Ir will describe advantages over using similar solutions such as the commonly available PCMCIA/1553 interfaces. C1 USAF, Ogden Air Logist Ctr, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Harames, P (reprint author), USAF, Ogden Air Logist Ctr, 7278 4th St,TISMD, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 654 EP 659 DI 10.1109/AUTEST.2000.885653 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600089 ER PT J AU Kearney, PJ Li, GH AF Kearney, PJ Li, GH TI Geographic variations in crash risk of general aviation and air taxis SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE general aviation; air taxis; crash risk; geographic variations AB Introduction: In the past decade, numerous studies have been published regarding the relationship of crash risk and mortality with respect to geographic area. Methods: We analyzed data (United States only) regarding general aviation and air taxi crashes from 1992-94 from the National Transportation Safety Board. Data regarding 1993 flight hours and standard error were obtained from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and pooled to provide a reliable estimate of crash risk for 1992-94. Calculations were determined for each state and FAA region. Results: During the 3-yr period, the calculated United States crash rate is 8.9 crashes per 100,000 flight hours. The Alaskan and Northwest Mountain regions had the highest crash rates and fatal crash rates. Discussion: This is the first study to report on geographical differences in rates determined as crashes per 100,000 pilot hours. it shows that even when the amount of flying is controlled for, crash rates and fatal crash rates are highest in mountainous regions. Our results indicate that aviation safety in mountainous regions deserves more attention. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kearney, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, 2602 W Gate Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [R01AG13642]; NIAAA NIH HHS [R29AA09963]; PHS HHS [R49/CCR302486] NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 269GA UT WOS:000084467300004 PM 10632126 ER PT J AU Drew, WED AF Drew, WED TI Spinal symptoms in aviators and their relationship to G-exposure and aircraft seating angle SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aerospace medicine; aircraft; aviation; health surveys; military personnel; questionnaires; risk factors; spinal diseases ID FIGHTER PILOTS; FORCES; PAIN AB Background: Aviator spinal symptoms related to G-exposure such as neck pain may limit flying performance and result in an increase in acute and chronic spinal disease. Methods: An anonymous survey was conducted to better establish the nature and degree of C-related spinal symptoms. HP (high-performance) aviators were compared with a control group of non-high-performance (NHP) aviators. Results: Of Ibt surveys distributed, 79 were returned for a return rate of 49%. No greater incidence of chronic spinal symptoms or disease in the neck or lower back were reported in the HP group as compared with the NHP group. However, a majority of HP aviators (54%) did report acute spinal symptoms, especially neck pain, temporally associated with pulling Gz, occurring either during or shortly after sorties. Some 20% of the total number of HP aviators responding reported that neck symptoms limited their flying performance, including pulling Gz, checking 6, and air combat maneuvers. Despite the increased seat angle slant in the F-l 6 as compared with the F-15, no significant difference in neck symptoms or performance limitations were reported as a result. Both HP and NHP aviators were noted in general to have good exercise habits with minimal use of tobacco. However, moderate use of alcohol was noted in both groups. Conclusions: Spinal symptoms, especially neck pain, are a common problem associated with HP flying and frequently limit flying performance though do not appear to result in any increase in long-term morbidity in this relatively young, predominantly male, group of aviators. (Survey form included as an appendix for reference and future research.). C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, AFCN, Neurol Funct Neuropsychiat Branch,Aeromed Consult, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Drew, WED (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, AFCN, Neurol Funct Neuropsychiat Branch,Aeromed Consult, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 269GA UT WOS:000084467300005 PM 10632127 ER PT J AU Fisher, CR Veronneau, SJH AF Fisher, CR Veronneau, SJH TI Herbal preparations: A primer for the aeromedical physician SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alternative medicine; herb; pharmacognosy; botanical; dietary supplement; pilot; aviation ID JIN BU HUAN; GINKGO-BILOBA; EPHEDRINE; INGESTION; MEDICATIONS; STIMULANT; THERAPIES; HEPATITIS; TOXICITY; SPECTRUM AB Purpose: This study was an effort to identify the botanical preparations of potential risk to the aviator and aviation safety, and to ascertain whether aviators are using dietary supplements despite extensive educational efforts discouraging over-the-counter medication use. Herbal preparations may be used by nearly 20% of the adult population. Although the aviator population may be presumed to use them as well, the actual degree of use among aviators is unknown. Use of such substances as health promotion or therapeutic agents may provide health benefits, but may also carry risk. Military and civilian aviators are not currently required to disclose such use, nor are examiners obligated to inquire or counsel aviators about them. This paper examines the trends in post-mortem toxicological samples suggesting botanical preparation use, and develops a rational method for determining suitability for use by the aviator. Method: The toxicological test results from 3177 mishap pilots performed at the Civil Aeromedical Institute from 1989-1997 were examined for the presence of substances suggesting botanical preparation use. The prevalence of positive test results for ephedrine among mishap pilots was compared with the prevalence of tests positive for chemically and biologically similar non-botanical substances among mishap pilots. A review of existing literature was also performed to identify substances posing possible risk to the aviator health or aviation safety. Results: Ephedrine was found to be the only substance routinely screened on toxicological specimens that was suitable for association With botanical substance utilization. The percent of specimens positive for ephedrine increased three- to four-fold while the percent of specimens positive for similar non-botanical substances decreased overall. The literature revealed sufficient evidence that a number of open market botanical agents are capable of causing incapacitation by cardiovascular or neuropsychiatric mechanisms, yet are legally permitted for use by aviators. Conclusion: Aviators are using botanical products with increasing frequency, and many of those substances may pose significant risk of incapacitation, altered sensorium, or adverse health effects. The flight surgeon must be diligent in eliciting a history of use and assisting aviators to minimize personal risk and risks to flight safety. A rational approach to assessing risk is presented. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, AF, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Civil Aeromed Inst, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Fisher, CR (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, AF, 2602 W Gate Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 45 EP 60 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 269GA UT WOS:000084467300008 PM 10632130 ER PT J AU Myers, RB AF Myers, RB TI Space superiority is fleeting SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USAF, ILS Space Command, Dept Def, Peterson AFB, CO USA. RP Myers, RB (reprint author), USAF, ILS Space Command, Dept Def, Peterson AFB, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 USA SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 152 IS 1 BP 54 EP 55 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 272FZ UT WOS:000084641000024 ER PT S AU de Graaf, PW Barrett, SF Wright, CHG AF de Graaf, PW Barrett, SF Wright, CHG BE Waugaman, WA Miller, JC TI Deriving irradiation control parameters for laser photocoagulation on the retina SO BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION, VOL 36 SE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium/37th International ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation Symposium CY APR 14-16, 2000 CL USAF ACAD, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP Instrument Soc Amer HO USAF ACAD DE retina; photocoagulation; laser surgery; automated surgery; digital signal processing AB Laser photocoagulation is used extensively by ophthalmologists to treat retinal disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal breaks. Currently, the procedure is performed manually and suffers from several drawbacks that a computer-assisted system could help alleviate. Such a system is under development that will rapidly and safely place multiple therapeutic lesions at desired locations on the retina in a matter of seconds. This system provides real-time, motion-stabilized lesion placement for typical clinical irradiation times (100 ms). When performing laser photocoagulation on the retina, the dynamic reflectance of the lesion formed by the laser may be used as a control signal. Using digital filtering and estimation techniques on the sampled reflectance signal, the latency time and growth rate are determined. These parameters are used to derive a control signal for the irradiation time of the laser. The goal is to optimize the therapeutic effect, without overexposing the tissue. The result is consistent lesion formation over any part of the retina. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP de Graaf, PW (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTRUMENT SOC AMER PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 0067-8856 BN 1-55617-722-4 J9 BIOMED SCI INSTRUM PY 2000 VL 395 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02E UT WOS:000180661400007 ER PT S AU Tinianow, CL Tinianow, TK Wilcox, M AF Tinianow, CL Tinianow, TK Wilcox, M BE Waugaman, WA Miller, JC TI Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on focal brain contusions SO BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION, VOL 36 SE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium/37th International ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation Symposium CY APR 14-16, 2000 CL USAF ACAD, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP Instrument Soc Amer HO USAF ACAD DE central nervous system; brain contusion; hyperbaric oxygen; ischemia; treatment AB The effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on focal brain contusion was examined for possible prevention of neural degeneration in the central nervous system following blunt trauma. All animals were tested for memory and balance/motor skills, prior to and after injury, using the Morris water maze and beam walk test. Experimental and control groups, each containing 12 juvenile male hooded Wistar rats (Rattus norviegicus), were contused using a 20 g weight dropped from 20 cm onto the dura mater over the somatosensory cortex. The experimental group underwent 45 minute HBO dives at 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) four times a day for 10 days. Memory and motor skills were tested on both groups at 3, 6 and 9 days after injury. Animals were sacrificed and their brains were sectioned and analyzed histologically for neural damage. Examination of the damage to the surface of the brain showed hole sizes in the experimental group were smaller than those in the control group (p=0.0475). Initial examination of behavioral testing showed mixed results. Beam walk scores 3 days post contusion were significantly better for experimental vs control groups (p=0.0442) suggesting initial benefits of HBO treatment. However, preliminary analysis of cells in the CA3 region of the hippocampus showed no significant difference between pyramidal cell counts 10 days post-contusion in the ipsilateral sides of either group. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Tinianow, CL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INSTRUMENT SOC AMER PI RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK PA 67 ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 12277, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 USA SN 0067-8856 BN 1-55617-722-4 J9 BIOMED SCI INSTRUM PY 2000 VL 395 BP 275 EP 281 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02E UT WOS:000180661400046 ER PT J AU Chen, PY Wicks, MC AF Chen, PY Wicks, MC TI A simulation study of a partitioning procedure for signal detection with an application in medical imaging SO BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE complex normal distribution; control population; covariance matrix; primary data; homogeneous; secondary data AB We study the performance of a screening procedure R of CHEN, MELVIN, and WICKS (1999) when it is adopted prior to the signal detection procedure R-kkr Proposed independently by KELLY (1986) and KHATRI and RAO (1987). Through simulation results, we show that the probability of detection for R-kkr is significantly improved when procedure R is first used to screen out nonhomogeneous data. Procedure R is a selection procedure which compares k (greater than or equal to 1) experimental populations with a control population and eliminates the dissimilar experimental populations. An experimental population with covariance matrix Sigma is said to be similar to the control population with covariance matrix Sigma(0) if Sigma(0)Sigma(-1) is close to the identity matrix in certain meaning of closeness to be defined later in the paper. As mentioned in CHEN et al. (1999), procedure R can be used as a screening process prior to any traditional signal processing detection algorithm which requires the assumption of the same covariance matrices for the experimental populations as for the control population. A commonly used such detection algorithm is the one proposed independently by KELLY (1986) and KHATRI and RAO (1987). In this paper, we first simulate data from k + 1 complex multivariate normal populations which all have zero mean vectors and have different covariance matrices. One of the populations represents the control population and the remaining populations are the experimental populations. Then we apply procedure R to the simulated experimental populations to screen out the dissimilar populations. Finally, R-kkr is used to detect a target using respectively the unscreened and the screened data. We present simulation results on the powers of the test R-kkr when it is applied to the unscreened data and the screened data. The results illustrate that, under the nonhomogeneous environment where covariance matrices of the experimental populations are different from the covariance matrix of the control population, we can always improve the power of the test R-kkr by employing the procedure R. We also present an example illustrating the potential application of our study in medical imaging. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Math, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Signal Proc Branch, Rome, NY USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0323-3847 J9 BIOMETRICAL J JI Biom. J. PY 2000 VL 42 IS 1 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4036(200001)42:1<119::AID-BIMJ119>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 10 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 289NB UT WOS:000085627900010 ER PT B AU Haas, PE Cork, P Aziz, CE AF Haas, PE Cork, P Aziz, CE BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Alleman, BC Magar, VS TI In situ biowall containing organic mulch promotes chlorinated solvent bioremediation SO BIOREMEDIATION AND PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis ID DENITRIFICATION AB In an effort to enhance in situ reductive dechlorination, an in situ permeable reactive treatment biowall (100 ft. (L) x 1 ft (W) x 23 ft (D)) was constructed which placed naturally-derived organic matter (i.e. a shredded tree compost and sand mixture) in direct flow-through contact with chlorinated solvents dissolved in ground water. The biowall was installed using a continuous trenching and backfill method. In addition, a surface amendment and control plot was constructed. A comparison of geochemical profiles before and 6 months after organic mulch emplacement indicated a progression toward more reducing conditions and significant shifts in cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) to TCE ratios. For the in situ biowall, the mean cis-DCE/TCE ratio varied from 0.026 upgradient to 12 downgradient, or a mean increase in the ratio of a factor of 470. For the surface amendment plot, the cis-DCE/TCE ratio varied from 0.024 upgradient to 0.35 downgradient, with a mean increase in the ratio of a factor of 15. This work demonstrates that an in situ permeable biowall containing inexpensive organic material derived from shredded plant matter can enhance in situ reductive dechlorination (i.e. hydrogen releasing material). C1 USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, Technol Transfer Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Haas, PE (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, Technol Transfer Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-098-5 PY 2000 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65R UT WOS:000167101800010 ER PT S AU Alley, TG Brueck, SRJ Wiedenbeck, M AF Alley, TG Brueck, SRJ Wiedenbeck, M BE Erodogan, T Friebele, EJ Kashyap, R TI Space charge in thermally poled fused silica SO BRAGG GRATINGS, PHOTOSENSITIVITY AND POLING IN GLASS WAVEGUIDES SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides (BGPP 99) CY SEP 23-25, 1999 CL STUART, FL SP Opt Soc Amer C1 USAF, Res Lab, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Alley, TG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DELO, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-593-5 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 33 BP 379 EP 381 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT55Q UT WOS:000173315800083 ER PT S AU Henley, MV Bradley, WR Wyatt, SE Graziano, GM Wells, JR AF Henley, MV Bradley, WR Wyatt, SE Graziano, GM Wells, JR BE Gardner, PJ TI Atmospheric transformation of volatile organic compounds SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE OH; hydroxyl radical rate constant; cyclohexanol; reaction products; atmospheric chemistry ID REACTION-RATE CONSTANT; RELATIVE RATE-CONSTANT; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; METHYL NITRITE; OH RADICALS; PRODUCTS; KINETICS; ETHER; MECHANISM; OXIDATION AB To be able to understand and predict the concentration of a target compound in the atmosphere one must understand the atmospheric chemistry involved. The transformation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the troposphere is predominantly driven by the interaction with the hydroxyl and nitrate radicals. The hydroxyl radical exists in daylight conditions and its reaction rate constant with an organic compound is typically very fast. The nitrate radical drives the nighttime chemistry. These radicals can scavenge hydrogen from an organic molecule generating secondary products that are often overlooked in detection schemes. Secondary products can be more stable and serve as a better target compound in detection schemes. The gas phase reaction of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with cyclohexanol (COL) has been studied. The rate coefficient was determined to be (19.0 +/- 4.8) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (at 297 +/- 3 K and 1 atmosphere total pressure) using the relative rate technique with pentanal, decane, and tridecane as the reference compounds. Assuming an average OH concentration of I X 10(6) molecules cm(-3), an atmospheric lifetime of 15 h is calculated for cyclohexanol. Products of the OH + COL reaction were determined to more clearly define cyclohexanol's atmospheric degradation mechanism. The observed products were: cyclohexanone, hexanedial, 3-hydroxycyclohexanone, and 4-hydroxycyclohexanone. Consideration of the potential reaction pathways suggests that each of these products is formed via hydrogen abstraction at a different site on the cyclohexanol ring. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Henley, MV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3662-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4036 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.394076 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BR35K UT WOS:000166173500004 ER PT S AU Mayfield, HT Eastwood, D Burggraf, LW AF Mayfield, HT Eastwood, D Burggraf, LW BE Gardner, PJ TI Infrared spectral classification with artificial neural networks and classical pattern recognition SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared spectroscopy; chemometrics; classification; pattern recognition; artificial neural; networks; radial basis function networks; organophosphorus compounds; pesticides ID ALGORITHM AB Infrared spectroscopy is an important technique for measuring airborne chemicals, for pollution monitoring and to warn of toxic compound releases. Infrared spectroscopy provides both detection and identification of airborne components. Computer-assisted classification tools, including pattern recognition and artificial neural network techniques, have been applied to a collection of infrared spectra of organophosphorus compounds, and these have successfully discriminated commercial pesticide compounds from military nerve agents, precursors, and hydrolysis products. Infrared spectra for previous tests came from a commercial infrared library, with permission, from military laboratories, and from defense contractors. In order to further test such classification tools, additional infrared spectra from the NIST gas-phase infrared library were added to the data set. These additional spectra probed the tendency of the trained classifiers to misidentify unrelated spectra into the trained classes. Infrared spectra used in this effort were gathered from a variety of sources. Different instrument operators collected them at a number of locations, in a variety of spectral data collection designs, and they were delivered in a variety of digital formats. The spectra were treated mathematically to remove artifacts from their collection. Preprocessing techniques used included Fisher weighting and principal component analysis. Classifications were made using the k-nearest neighbor classifier, feed forward neural networks, trained with a variety of techniques, and radial basis function networks. The results from these classification techniques will be reported and compared. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Expeditionary Forces Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Mayfield, HT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Expeditionary Forces Technol Div, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3662-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4036 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1117/12.394079 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BR35K UT WOS:000166173500007 ER PT S AU Kiel, JL Parker, JE Grubbs, TR Alls, JL AF Kiel, JL Parker, JE Grubbs, TR Alls, JL BE Gardner, PJ TI Growth medium for the rapid isolation and identification of anthrax SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE anthrax; growth medium; diazoluminomelanin; assays; luminescence; fluorescence AB Anthrax has been recognized as a highly likely biological warfare or terrorist agent. The purpose of this work was to design a culture technique to rapidly isolate and identify "live" anthrax. In liquid or solid media form, 3AT medium (3-amino-L-tyrosine, the main ingredient) accelerated germination and growth of anthrax spores in 5 to 6 hours to a point expected at 18 to 24 hours with ordinary medium. During accelerated growth, standard definitive diagnostic tests such as sensitivity to lysis by penicillin or bacteriophage can be run. During this time, the bacteria synthesized a fluorescent and thermochemiluminescent polymer. Bacteria captured by specific antibody are, therefore, already labeled. Because living bacteria are required to generate the polymer, the test converts immunoassays for anthrax into viability assays. Furthermore, the polymer formation leads to the death of the vegetative form and non-viability of the spores produced in the medium. By altering the formulation of the medium, other microbes and even animal and human cells can be grown in it and labeled (including viruses grown in the animal or human cells). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kiel, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3662-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4036 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1117/12.394054 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BR35K UT WOS:000166173500011 ER PT S AU Hawks, MR Dajani, I Kutsche, CA Ghebremichael, F AF Hawks, MR Dajani, I Kutsche, CA Ghebremichael, F BE Gardner, PJ TI Modeling and prototyping of polymer fiber based chemical and biological agent sensors SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE biosensors; immunoassay; evanescent wave; beam propagation method; polymer optical fiber; fiber optics ID OPTICAL FIBERS; IMMUNOSENSOR AB We are studying ways to improve the performance of evanescent wave biosensors for use in detecting chemical and biological agents. We show a beam-propagation simulation that is used to determine the optimum fiber profile to achieve the desired propagation parameters. The model parameters can then be used to fabricate polymer fibers using an in-house fiber drawing apparatus. We also demonstrate a simple method of comparing the optical performance of different waveguides for use in such sensors. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hawks, MR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3662-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4036 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.394056 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BR35K UT WOS:000166173500013 ER PT S AU Burggraf, LW Bleckmann, CA Li, GM Leonard, CJ Mitchell, HL Reynolds, JR Eastwood, D AF Burggraf, LW Bleckmann, CA Li, GM Leonard, CJ Mitchell, HL Reynolds, JR Eastwood, D BE Gardner, PJ TI Infrared detection of volatile compounds from microorganisms SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE microorganisms; volatile metabolites; infrared spectroscopy ID METABOLITES; BACTERIA AB Most microorganisms evolve a suite of volatile metabolites. Some microorganism cultures evolve distinctive odors suggesting that the volatile compounds produced by microorganisms might be used to quickly distinguish microorganism types. We have measured infrared (IR) spectra of volatiles from common soil microorganisms. FTIR measurements were performed using the Bomem MB157 Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer with ZnSe optics, using a MCT detector (500 cm(-1) cut off). Spectral signatures of cultures dominated by coccus microorganisms differed from those with bacillus microorganisms. With improved infrared detection, IR signatures of microbial volatiles may be useful to characterize microorganism consortia and the predominant metabolite. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burggraf, LW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3662-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4036 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1117/12.394061 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BR35K UT WOS:000166173500018 ER PT S AU Baker, WP Li, GM Burggraf, LW AF Baker, WP Li, GM Burggraf, LW BE Gardner, PJ TI Photothermal spectroscopy based on a multilayer reed probe for chemical detection SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE photothermal spectroscopy; thermal diffusion; sensitivity AB Dynamic responses a photothermal detector based on bimetallic cantilevers with large aspect ratio are modeled and compared with the experimental data. Photothermal spectrum of polymer epoxy coating is demonstrated in the near infrared region. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burggraf, LW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3662-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4036 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1117/12.394073 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BR35K UT WOS:000166173500020 ER PT J AU Gorla, RSR Byrd, LW AF Gorla, RSR Byrd, LW TI Rupture of thin micropolar liquid film on a cylinder SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE thin film; film rupture; micropolar fluids AB The dynamic rupture process of a thin liquid film on a cylinder has been analyzed by investigating the stability to finite amplitude disturbances. The dynamics of the liquid film is formulated using the balance equations including a body force term due to van der Waals attractions. The governing equation for the film thickness was solved by finite difference method as part of an initial value problem for spatial periodic boundary conditions. A decrease in the cylinder radius will induce a stronger lateral capillary force and thus will accelerate the rupture process. The rupture time increases with the material parameter, Delta. C1 Cleveland State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Struct Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorla, RSR (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PY 2000 VL 182 BP 35 EP 48 DI 10.1080/00986440008912826 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 367AD UT WOS:000090038300003 ER PT J AU Man, JZ Liu, GQ Li, J Williams, R AF Man, JZ Liu, GQ Li, J Williams, R TI A quasi-parametric algorithm for synthetic aperture radar target feature extraction and imaging with angle diversity SO CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE synthetic aperture radar (SAR); angle diversity; feature extraction; quasi-parametric parameter estimation; data missing; image formation ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; SPECTRAL ESTIMATION; SAR AB We present synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target feature extraction and imaging techniques with angle diversity. We first establish a flexible data model that describes each target scatterer as a two-dimensional (2D) complex sequence with arbitrary amplitude and constant phase in range and cross-range. A new algorithm, referred to as the QUasi-parametric ALgorithm for target feature Extraction (QUALE), is then presented for SAR target feature extraction via data fusion through angle diversity based on the flexible data model. QUALE first estimates the model parameters, which include, for each scatterer, a 2D arbitrary real-valued amplitude sequence, a constant phase, and scatterer locations in range and cross-range. QUALE then averages the estimated 2D real-valued amplitude sequence over range by making the assumption that the scatterer radar cross section is approximately constant. QUALE next models the so-obtained 1D sequence with a simple sine function by assuming that the scatterer is approximately a dihedral (a trihedral is approximated as a very short dihedral) and estimates the relevant sine function parameters by minimizing a nonlinear least-squares fitting function. Finally, the approximate 2D SAR image is reconstructed by using the estimated features. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Man, JZ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, POB 116130, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0278-081X J9 CIRC SYST SIGNAL PR JI Circuits Syst. Signal Process. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4 BP 301 EP 319 DI 10.1007/BF01200890 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 343JU UT WOS:000088699900004 ER PT B AU Wilson, KS Power, GJ AF Wilson, KS Power, GJ BE Arabnia, HR TI Region growing shadow segmentation in Synthetic Aperture Radar images SO CISST'2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGING SCIENCE, SYSTEMS, AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology (CISST 2000) CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci, Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, PDPTA, World Sci & Engn Soc AB This effort introduces a noise-tolerant algorithm for segmenting shadow regions in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, using both edge detection and a region-grow method for filling between detected edges. The technique introduced here recognizes that real shadow boundaries are neither precisely known, nor are infinitesimally thin, due to SAR phenomenology such as motion and layover. As the identified shadow region transitions from actual shadow to target and clutter regions, a metric based on the rate-of-change of the region size allows automatic detection of the shadow edge. This works in concert with traditional edge detection methods to identify boundaries more reliably. An evaluation of the quality of the shadow segmentation is presented using multiple quality measures, including a percent-pixels-same measurement that is based on manual segmentations of the same image. The algorithms and evaluation is accomplished on SAR target image chips obtained from the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) program sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). C1 USAF, Res Lab, SN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilson, KS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-55-6 PY 2000 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR81Y UT WOS:000167666100006 ER PT B AU Arnold, DG Sturtz, K AF Arnold, DG Sturtz, K BE Arabnia, HR TI Why all the commotion about invariant theory? SO CISST'2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGING SCIENCE, SYSTEMS, AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology (CISST 2000) CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci, Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, PDPTA, World Sci & Engn Soc DE invariants; object/image relations; ATR AB Recent research in the calculation and exploitation of object/image relations suggests new approaches to ATR. The resulting conceptual advances transform the ATR problem into a feature extraction and correspondence problem. This paper addresses several application areas and demonstrates how the corresponding research areas are related by a common theory. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Arnold, DG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, SNAT, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-55-6 PY 2000 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR81Y UT WOS:000167666100007 ER PT B AU Schwartz, NA AF Schwartz, NA BE Glenn, RW TI The role of aerospace power in joint urban operations SO CITY'S MANY FACES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT RAND Arroyo-MCWL-J8-UWG Joint Urban Operations Conference CY APR 13-14, 1999 CL BOLLING USAF BASE, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP RAND Arroyo Ctr, Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, J8 Urban Working Grp HO BOLLING USAF BASE C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAND PI SANTA MONICA PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, 1700 MAIN ST PO BOX 2138, SANTA MONICA, CA 90407-2138 USA BN 0-8330-2814-6 PY 2000 BP 39 EP 78 PG 40 WC Public Administration; Urban Studies SC Public Administration; Urban Studies GA BT27R UT WOS:000172512300003 ER PT B AU Newell, J AF Newell, J BE Glenn, RW TI Annex 3: The Joint MOUT Handbook SO CITY'S MANY FACES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT RAND Arroyo-MCWL-J8-UWG Joint Urban Operations Conference CY APR 13-14, 1999 CL BOLLING USAF BASE, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP RAND Arroyo Ctr, Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, J8 Urban Working Grp HO BOLLING USAF BASE C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAND PI SANTA MONICA PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, 1700 MAIN ST PO BOX 2138, SANTA MONICA, CA 90407-2138 USA BN 0-8330-2814-6 PY 2000 BP 404 EP 413 PG 10 WC Public Administration; Urban Studies SC Public Administration; Urban Studies GA BT27R UT WOS:000172512300017 ER PT J AU Fults-Ganey, K Bradley, Y Toney, MO AF Fults-Ganey, K Bradley, Y Toney, MO TI Ga-67 uptake in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE GA-67 scintigraphy; Takayasu's arteritis ID ANGIOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Diagnost Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Nucl Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Fults-Ganey, K (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 759th MDTS MTRD, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 25 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 DI 10.1097/00003072-200001000-00022 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 271FT UT WOS:000084584100022 PM 10634542 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Chow, CL Liu, CT AF Wei, Y Chow, CL Liu, CT TI Damage analysis for mixed mode crack initiation SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DUCTILE FRACTURE; PARAMETER; MECHANICS AB The paper presents a numerical simulation for mixed mode crack initiation based on the concepts of damage mechanics. A model with two scalar damage variables is introduced for characterization of damage in a material element. Then a tangent modulus tensor is derived for damage-coupled constitutive equations. A failure criterion is developed with the concept of damage accumulation not only to identify the location of damaged element where the crack initiation angle but also to determine the critical load for mixed mode fracture. The damage model developed is incorporated in a general-purpose finite clement program ABAQUA through its UMAT subroutine. The finite element program is then used to perform numerical simulation for pre-cracked specimens under monotonic tensile loading. The thin plates are made of aluminum alloy and particulate composite embedded with a crack of inclined angle beta = 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees and 60 degrees for mixed mode fracture analysis. The predicted crack initiation loads and the angles of crack initiation agree well with the test results. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI PALMDALE PA PO BOX 900486, PALMDALE, CA 93590-0486 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PY 2000 VL 1 IS 4 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 407YF UT WOS:000167298500008 ER PT S AU Hopper, DG Desjardins, DD AF Hopper, DG Desjardins, DD BE Hopper, DG TI Military display market: second comprehensive edition SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS VII: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays VII - Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Military displays are being studied to determine opportunities for technology insertion and cross-platform commonality. Principal displays, those without which the platform could not carry out its intended mission, are covered. Defense office applications are excluded. The military market is specified herein by such parameters as active display area size and packaged physical footprint dimensions. Other characteristics such as luminance, contrast, gray scale, resolution, angle, color, video capability, and night vision imaging system compatibility are noted. The perspective of this study is cross-cutting defense-wide: all current, programmed, and planned displays are taken into account. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hopper, DG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bldg 248,Rm 300,2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3648-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4022 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.397757 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ88A UT WOS:000089914000003 ER PT S AU Hopper, DG AF Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI Performance specifications: the nearly impossible versus the merely difficult SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS VII: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays VII - Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE performance specification; cockpit displays; acquisition reform; affordability; consumer; rugged; custom; design ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL DISPLAYS; AMLCD TECHNOLOGY; COCKPIT; SYSTEM; ARCHITECTURE; F-16 AB Affordability is the objective of acquisition reform. The institution of "performance" specifications in lieu of "design" specifications is a key strategy. Design of a cockpit display, for example, is left to the prime contractor based on a performance requirement stated by the government. The prime delegates to the integrator. The integrator develops the display and bill of materials provided by vendors. There is no feedback loop from the vendors to the ultimate customer, the government As a result of this situation a communication gap exists: the government, primes, and integrators have concluded that they should pay commodity prices for custom displays. One step in the closing of this gap is the establishment of cross-cutting common reference performance specifications for aerospace and defense displays. The performance specification for cockpit displays is nearly impossible to achieve-the last ounce of technology and more is required. Commodity markets, such as consumer notebook computers, are based on but a fraction of currently available technology-companies "bank" technology and roll it out across several Ig-month product generations. Ruggedized consumer displays can be used in aerospace and defense applications other than the cockpit, such as mission crew stations. The performance specification for non-cockpit aerospace and defense applications is merely difficult. Acquisition reform has been defined by the Secretary of Defense to mean DoD should leverage the commercial market to the maximal extent possible. For the achievement of this end, an entirely different approach is wanted for cockpit displays versus large platform mission displays. That is, the nearly impossible requires a different design and business approach from the merely difficult. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hopper, DG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St,Bldg 248,Rm 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3648-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4022 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.397742 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ88A UT WOS:000089914000005 ER PT S AU O'Connor, JC Kraemer, WA AF O'Connor, JC Kraemer, WA BE Hopper, DG TI Joint Cockpit Office: History and role in defense-wide issues regarding avionics displays SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS VII: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays VII - Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE cockpit; crew station; human systems; flight symbology; helmet-mounted displays; flat panel displays; Joint Strike Fighter; avionics; spatial disorientation; primary flight reference; Joint Ejection Seat Program AB The charter of the Joint Cockpit Office (JCO) is to plan, coordinate and accelerate the transition of advanced development cockpit/crew station technologies critical to crew effectiveness in current and future air vehicles. The JCO helps assure a single, coordinated, and highly integrated cockpit/crew station Science and Technology (S&T) program within and between the Air Force, the Army, and the Navy. It serves as the primary interface and focal point for issues involving these technologies for organizations within and external to the Services. The Services are at the advent of fielding new technologies such as helmet-mounted displays as a primary flight reference. They will most certainly evaluate the use of windowless cockpits to counter the laser threat and allow for less constraining aerodynamic conditions in future vehicle design. The transition to multi-spectral displays in future military and commercial aircraft is imminent. The JCO is well positioned to assess and focus the research needed to safely exploit these new technologies and meet customer requirements. Presently, the JCO is undertaking three initiatives: creation of a joint-service, Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRDA) with Lockheed Martin to study the thresholds of virtual helmet-mounted display attributes and effects on pilot performance; management of the Spatial Disorientation Countermeasures program, and facilitation of the actions determined by the DoD Executive Agent for Flat Panel Displays. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Joint Cockpit Off, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP O'Connor, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Joint Cockpit Off, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3648-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4022 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.1117/12.397741 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ88A UT WOS:000089914000017 ER PT S AU Hopper, DG AF Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI 1000 X difference between current displays and capability of human visual system: payoff potential for affordable defense systems SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS VII: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays VII - Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE displays; flat panel displays; human visual system; situational awareness; warfighter productivity; affordability AB Displays were invented just in the last century. The human visual system evolved over millions of years. The disparity between the natural world "display" and that "sampled" by year 2000 technology is more than a factor of one million. Over 1000X of this disparity between the fidelity of current electronic displays and human visual capacity is in 2D resolution alone. Then there is true 3D, which adds an additional factor of over 1000X. The present paper focuses just on the 2D portion of this grand technology challenge. Should a significant portion of this gap be closed, say just 10X by 2010, display technology can help drive a revolution in military affairs. Warfighter productivity must grow dramatically, and improved display technology systems can create a critical opportunity to increase defense capability while decreasing crew sizes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Hopper, DG (reprint author), 2255 H St,Bldg 248 Rm 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3648-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4022 BP 378 EP 389 DI 10.1117/12.397759 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ88A UT WOS:000089914000040 ER PT B AU Shute, VJ Torreano, LA Willis, RE AF Shute, VJ Torreano, LA Willis, RE BE Schraagen, JM Chipman, SF Shalin, VL TI DNA: Providing the blueprint for instruction SO COGNITIVE TASK ANALYSIS SE EXPERTISE: RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-ONR Workshop on Cognitive Task Analysis CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NATO, RTO ID STUDENT C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Shute, VJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-3383-8 J9 EXP RES APPL PY 2000 BP 71 EP 86 PG 4 WC Psychology SC Psychology GA BQ36N UT WOS:000088142600006 ER PT B AU Tischler, VA Venkayya, VB Sensburg, O AF Tischler, VA Venkayya, VB Sensburg, O GP AIAA AIAA TI Aeroelastic tailoring of empennage structures SO COLLECTION OF THE 41ST AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC STRUCTURES, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, AND MATERIALS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, VOL 1 PTS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB The theme of this paper is to demonstrate the advantages of the multidisciplinary optimization approach for the aeroelastic tailoring of lifting surfaces to significantly improve their stability and control performance. Although the procedure is valid for lifting surfaces, in general, the present emphasis is on the design of empennage surfaces, such as, vertical tails and by implication horizontal tails and canards as well. Since the design of these surfaces is stiffness driven as opposed to strength, the improvements due to tailoring are much more dramatic. The tailoring concepts are demonstrated using a vertical tail of a typical fighter aircraft with variations on the boundary conditions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tischler, VA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicle Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-449-2 PY 2000 BP 12 EP 22 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ24X UT WOS:000087725900002 ER PT B AU Blair, M Hartong, A AF Blair, M Hartong, A GP AIAA AIAA TI Multidisciplinary design tools for affordability SO COLLECTION OF THE 41ST AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC STRUCTURES, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, AND MATERIALS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, VOL 1 PTS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB A proven general purpose design modeling environment has been adapted to address affordability issues at the design synthesis level with the integration of Geometric Modeling and Activity-Based Cost Modeling. Two factors make this work innovative. First, we are using an advanced design modeling environment with dependency tracking, demand-driven calculations and run-time object creation. Secondly, we explore ways this computer software innovation can be used to tightly Integrate geometric modeling with activity-based cost modeling. The example focuses on the synthesis of a hot structures solution for a high speed lifting surface. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Blair, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-449-2 PY 2000 BP 350 EP 360 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ24X UT WOS:000087725900036 ER PT B AU Denegri, CM AF Denegri, CM GP AIAA AIAA TI Limit cycle oscillation flight test results of a fighter with external stores SO COLLECTION OF THE 41ST AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC STRUCTURES, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, AND MATERIALS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, VOL 1 PTS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB Oscillatory wing response data were measured on an F-16A aircraft during flutter tests of several external store configurations. Previous testing had shown the F-16 to exhibit limit cycle oscillations (LCO) in the transonic regime. During the present tests, limit cycle oscillations were encountered as well as the sudden onset of high amplitude oscillations. This sudden high amplitude response closely resembled that of classical flutter. In all. three distinct categories of response behavior were seen during these tests: classical flutter, typical LCO, and non-typical LCO. These categories are representative of the broad spectrum of aeroelastic responses encountered by fighter aircraft with external stores. Theoretical flutter analyses are shown to adequately identify flutter- or LCO-sensitive store configurations and their instability oscillation frequencies. In addition, a strong correlation between the flight test response and the modal composition of the analytical flutter mechanism is evident. However, the linear analysis fails to provide insight into the oscillation amplitude or onset velocity which are of primary importance for external store certification on fighter aircraft. Flutter analysis results are presented along with details of the analytical model, the store configurations, and the store mass properties for use as realistic check cases for the validation of nonlinear flutter analysis methods. C1 USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Engn Branch, Certificat Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Denegri, CM (reprint author), USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Engn Branch, Certificat Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-449-2 PY 2000 BP 480 EP 491 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ24X UT WOS:000087725900048 ER PT B AU Griffin, SF Gussy, J Lane, SA Kemp, JD Clark, RL AF Griffin, SF Gussy, J Lane, SA Kemp, JD Clark, RL GP AIAA AIAA TI Innovative passive mechanisms for control of sound in a launch vehicle fairing SO COLLECTION OF THE 41ST AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC STRUCTURES, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, AND MATERIALS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, VOL 1 PTS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB This paper presents a passive vibroacoustic attenuator to reduce the noise transmitted into a space launch vehicle. The design is based on a hybrid of a proof-mass actuator and a shunted loudspeaker, and offers simultaneous attenuation of structural response and acoustic response. The performance of the device is simulated using a fully coupled structural-acoustic finite-element model of a launch vehicle with external acoustic loading. The results are compared to previous research using proof-mass actuators and active feedback controllers. The results indicate that the proposed device achieves significant reduction (3 dB) of the structural and acoustic response without the complexity of an active control system. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Griffin, SF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-449-2 PY 2000 BP 741 EP 748 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ24X UT WOS:000087725900076 ER PT B AU Pettit, CL Beran, PS AF Pettit, CL Beran, PS GP AIAA AIAA TI Reduced-order modeling for flutter prediction SO COLLECTION OF THE 41ST AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC STRUCTURES, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, AND MATERIALS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, VOL 1 PTS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID AIRFOIL FLUTTER AB The response of a fluid moving above a panel to localized oscillation of the panel is predicted using reduced-order modeling (ROM) with the proper orthogonal decomposition technique. The flow is assumed to be inviscid and is modeled with the Euler equations. These nonlinear equations are discretized with a total-variation diminishing algorithm and are projected on to an energy-optimal subspace defined by an energy-threshold criterion applied to a modal representation of time-series data. Results are obtained for a bump oscillating in a Mach 1.2 flow. ROM is found to reduce the degrees of freedom necessary to simulate the flowfield by three orders of magnitude while preserving solution accuracy. Other observed benefits of ROM include increased allowable time step and robustness to variation of oscillation amplitude. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pettit, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Bldg 146,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-449-2 PY 2000 BP 773 EP 783 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ24X UT WOS:000087725900079 ER PT B AU Lykins, CD Mall, S Jain, VK AF Lykins, CD Mall, S Jain, VK GP AIAA AIAA TI Prediction of fretting fatigue crack initiation based on the plane of maximum shear stress amplitude SO COLLECTION OF THE 41ST AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC STRUCTURES, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, AND MATERIALS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, VOL 1 PTS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB A parametric study has been conducted on the fretting fatigue crack initiation behavior of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. The emphasis of the study was to determine the effects on crack initiation resulting from changing the size and shape of the fretting fatigue pads. The experimental configuration was analyzed with finite element analysis and physical observations were conducted along the failed contact surface with the aid of a scanning electron microscope. The analysis and physical observations suggest that crack initiation occurred on the plane of maximum shear stress amplitude and that the behavior was independent of pad geometry. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lykins, CD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-449-2 PY 2000 BP 1316 EP 1325 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ24X UT WOS:000087725900134 ER PT B AU Gao, XL Mall, S AF Gao, XL Mall, S GP AIAA AIAA TI Analytical solution for a cracked mosaic model of woven fabric composites SO COLLECTION OF THE 41ST AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC STRUCTURES, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, AND MATERIALS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, VOL 1 PTS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID BEHAVIOR; LAMINATE AB An analytical solution based on the principle of minimum complementary energy is presented for a cracked mosaic laminate model of woven fabric composites. The solution is derived for the woven laminate in either the plane strain or the plane stress state, with the warp/full yam materials being either orthotropic or transversely isotropic, unlike other existing solutions in the literature of laminate elasticity. The stress components are given in closed-form expressions in terms of a perturbation function, which is governed by two (uncoupled) fourth-order inhomogeneous ordinary differential equations (i.e., Euler-Lagrange equations) when the thermal effects are included. All possible expressions of this perturbation function are obtained in closed forms. Young's modulus of the cracked laminate is calculated using the determined minimum complementary energy. The present closed-form solution can account for different yam materials, applied loads (crack densities), geometrical dimensions, or their combinations. To demonstrate the solution, a total of sixty sample cases are analyzed using three different composite systems (i.e., glass fiber/epoxy, graphite fiber/epoxy and ceramic fiber/ceramic) and ten different crack densities. The obtained numerical results are also compared to two existing elasticity solutions for cross-ply laminates. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gao, XL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-449-2 PY 2000 BP 1492 EP 1502 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ24X UT WOS:000087725900153 ER PT B AU Gordon, RW Hollkamp, JJ AF Gordon, RW Hollkamp, JJ GP AIAA AIAA TI An experimental investigation of piezoelectric coupling in jet engine fan blades SO COLLECTION OF THE 41ST AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC STRUCTURES, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, AND MATERIALS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, VOL 1 PTS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID VIBRATIONS AB High cycle fatigue concerns for jet engines have stimulated research in the dynamic response of bladed disks. Small, random variations in the properties of nominally identical engine blades result in small variations in their natural frequencies. As a result, some blades can experience much higher operating stresses than would occur in a perfectly tuned system. Increasing blade-to-blade coupling can reduce this non-uniformity. This paper describes an experimental investigation of the use of piezoelectric strain actuators to increase coupling. Results of modal identification tests on a model jet engine fan with and without piezoelectric coupling are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordon, RW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-449-2 PY 2000 BP 1975 EP 1983 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ24X UT WOS:000087725900189 ER PT B AU Nagar, A Foreman, CR AF Nagar, A Foreman, CR GP AIAA AIAA TI Bearing/by-pass load interaction effects on strength of CMC joints SO COLLECTION OF THE 41ST AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC STRUCTURES, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, AND MATERIALS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, VOL 1 PTS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB The effects of joint design parameters on failure strength and modes of failure in single shear and double shear joint configurations are discussed. The edge distance to hole diameter ratios of greater than 3.5 for double sheer bolted joints and ratios of the edge distance to diameters at the cylindrical portion of hole of greater than 4.5 for single shear counter-sunk fastener joints are required for bearing failures in woven Nicalon/Blackglass ceramic matrix composite joint systems. A smaller test fixture and corresponding smaller specimen was found to give good open hole compressive strength test data in these materials. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nagar, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-449-2 PY 2000 BP 2040 EP 2047 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ24X UT WOS:000087725900196 ER PT B AU Palazotto, AN Naboulsi, SK AF Palazotto, AN Naboulsi, SK GP AIAA AIAA AIAA TI An investigation of geometric imperfections in parabolic inflated space structures SO COLLECTION OF THE 41ST AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC STRUCTURES, STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, AND MATERIALS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 03-06, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB The focus of this paper is on the geometric imperfection in a parabolic shape associated with inflated structures which are built by joining together the main envelope (i.e, the reflector and canopy), the torus, and catenary support. The parabolic inflated structure is modeled using the finite element method incorporating the commercial finite element code ABAQUS. The purpose of the torus is to provide a stable boundary condition for the main envelope. Furthermore, the type of boundary condition imposed on the main envelope affect the shape of the inflated structure. The interaction between the torus and the reflector-canopy is investigated. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA PY 2000 BP 94 EP 100 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ25A UT WOS:000087727100012 ER PT S AU Stone, MO Baur, JW Sowards, LA Kirkpatrick, SM AF Stone, MO Baur, JW Sowards, LA Kirkpatrick, SM BE Neev, J Reed, MK TI Ultrafast holographic recording of snake infrared pit tissue using two-photon induced photopolymerization SO COMMERCIAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAFAST LASERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Commercial and Biomedical Applications of Ultrafast Lasers II CY JAN 24-25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE holographic; two-photon; biomimetic; femtosecond laser ID MICROFABRICATION AB Non-cryogenic, high sensitivity infrared detection is one of the fundamental criteria for future sensor technology. To this end, we propose mimicking the natural infrared detection structures found in certain snake pit tissue. We hypothesize that the pit organ behaves like a photonic bandgap in that a regular arrangement of sub-micron micropits removes or traps visible radiation and enhances infrared radiation transmission. In order to simulate the two- and three-dimensional pit surface morphology, we used holographic two-photon induced polymerization (H-TPIP), a new microfabrication technique previously reported by this group. Using the ultrafast H-TPIP procedure, we can write large area biomimetic structures into an optical resin. Due to the quadratic dependence of the absorption probability on the incident radiation intensity, molecular excitation via the simultaneous absorption of two photons has been shown to lead to improved three-dimensional control of photochemical or photophysical processes. Using spatial variations in the incident intensity within a photopolymerizable resin, these structures can be readily fabricated. We report our progress on duplicating the surface morphology of snake infrared pit tissue using H-TPIP. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & MFg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stone, MO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & MFg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3551-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3934 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.386345 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ35T UT WOS:000088117300006 ER PT J AU Crown, SJ AF Crown, SJ TI Percentage points for directional Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit tests SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Anderson-Darling; goodness-of-fit; Monte Carlo simulation; normality testing; exponentiality testing; directional testing ID DISTRIBUTIONS AB This paper discusses the problem of assessing the asymptotic distribution when parameters of the hypothesized distribution are estimated from a sample, pointing out a common mistake included in the paper by Sinclair, Spurr, and Ahmad (1990) which introduced two modifications of the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test statistic. Their two test statistics modify the popular Anderson-Darling test statistic to be sensitive to departures of the fitted distribution from the true distribution in one or the other of the tails. This paper uses these new test statistics to develop tests of fit for the normal and exponential distributions. Easy to use formulas are given so the reader can perform these tests at any sample size without consulting exhaustive tables of percentage points. Finally a power study is given to demonstrate the test statistics' viability against a broad range of alternatives. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 2 BP 523 EP 532 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 316AU UT WOS:000087145800009 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE TI A simple model for interfacial phase growth in metal matrix composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE interfacial phase growth; metal matrix composite ID REINFORCED SUPERALLOY COMPOSITES; REACTION ZONE GROWTH AB The time dependence for a reinforcement-matrix interfacial layer (RMIL) growth in most metal matrix composites (MMCs) is often not t(1/2) (t denoting time) as described by Fick's law. Moreover, the RMIL thickness (h) versus t(1/2) could exhibit multiple-stage responses; more precisely, the entire growth is controlled by t(m) with variable In. In this paper, a diffusion model, which accounts species loss from chemical reactions, is proposed to characterize the RMIL growth. The resulting relationship between the thickness and time is very simple: h = a ln(bt + c). The three parameters all have a physical meaning and can be easily calibrated. The model is validated with the existing experimental results from seven different MMC systems. published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 7 BP 727 EP 731 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00035-X PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 319GV UT WOS:000087333900009 ER PT J AU Abrate, S AF Abrate, S TI Special issue: Impacts on composite materials SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 So Illinois Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Technol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USAF, RL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Abrate, S (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Technol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 8 BP 759 EP 759 PG 1 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 336QC UT WOS:000088313600001 ER PT J AU Medina, DF Chen, JK AF Medina, DF Chen, JK TI Three-dimensional simulations of impact induced damage in composite structures using the parallelized SPH method SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Recent Development in the Study of Impacts on Composite Materials CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL VIRGINIA POLYTECHN INST & STATE UNIV, BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA HO VIRGINIA POLYTECHN INST & STATE UNIV DE composite laminate; impact behaviour ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; HIGH-VELOCITY IMPACT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; COMPUTATIONS; FRACTURE; MODEL; RATES AB To address the strain-rate dependent behavior of unidirectional composites in Air Force and Navy military systems subjected to impact loading, a one-parameter visco-plasticity composite material model was developed and incorporated into the MAGI code which was parallelized for this study. This code is based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. The strain-rate dependent composite model is applied here to investigate the high-velocity impact induced damage of armored composite plates which consisted of eight graphite/epoxy (Gr/Ep) layers with a lay-up of [+/-45/0/90](s). The face sheets consisted of two different materials (either aluminum or boron carbide) of variable thickness. The effects of face sheet position, face sheet material types, and impact velocity on the detailed damage of the laminate are presented. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Medina, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 8 BP 853 EP 860 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00031-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 336QC UT WOS:000088313600010 ER PT J AU Schoeppner, GA Abrate, S AF Schoeppner, GA Abrate, S TI Delamination threshold loads for low velocity impact on composite laminates SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE composite laminates ID DAMAGE RESISTANCE; INDENTATION AB An investigation of the low velocity impact load level at which a composite laminate will delaminate is presented. The delamination threshold load is described as the load level, obtained from the load-time history or load-displacement plot, at which a sudden load drop occurs due to specimen stiffness loss as a result of laminate level damage. Approximately 500 low velocity impact load-time histories from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Low Velocity Impact Database are used to investigate the delamination threshold load. The database contains laminate impact test data for graphite/epoxy (AS4/3501-6), graphite/PEEK (AS4/APC-2), and graphite/BMI (IM7/5260) material systems. The delamination threshold load observations are compared to C-scan damage measurements of impacted specimens to determine if the sudden load drop corresponds to delamination development. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Technol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Schoeppner, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 179 Z9 189 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 9 BP 903 EP 915 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00061-0 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 347YK UT WOS:000088956600001 ER PT J AU Miller, TC AF Miller, TC TI Analysis of mixed-mode cracks in a rubbery particulate composite SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE particle reinforcement; fracture; mixed-mode loading ID FRACTURE AB The mixed-mode loading of a rubbery particulate composite is studied experimentally. Linear fracture mechanics concepts are used to determine the initiation of growth, the initial growth direction, and the subsequent growth rate for a range of mode mixities. The fracture toughness locus is determined to be elliptical, with the Mode II toughness being lower than its Mode I counterpart. The initial growth directions correlate with maximum strain energy density theories. The crack growth rates can be modeled effectively using an equivalent Mode I crack. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRSL, Edwards AF Base, CA 93524 USA. RP Miller, TC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRSL, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AF Base, CA 93524 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 4 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(00)00015-9 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 340XT UT WOS:000088562500007 ER PT B AU Via, GD Crespo, A DeSalvo, G Jenkins, T King, J Sewell, J AF Via, GD Crespo, A DeSalvo, G Jenkins, T King, J Sewell, J BE Kopf, RF Chu, SNG Baca, AG TI Challenges facing GaN-based electronic devices SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR POWER TRANSISTORS II AND STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (SOTAPOCS XXXII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Power Transistors/32nd International Symposium on State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors CY MAY 14-19, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc ID N-GAN; P-TYPE; CONTACT AB Nitride-based electronic devices are aggressively being developed. The theoretical potential of this technology is currently being demonstrated. However, there are still issues to be addressed before III-nitride electronics move beyond laboratory demonstrations to an applied device technology. This paper presents work addressing some of those issues under investigation at AFRL. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SND, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Via, GD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SND, 2241 Av Circle,Rm C2G69, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-266-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 2000 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BQ46Z UT WOS:000088423100001 ER PT S AU Ahoujja, M Yeo, YK Smith, MR Hengehold, RL Pomrenke, GS Huffman, J AF Ahoujja, M Yeo, YK Smith, MR Hengehold, RL Pomrenke, GS Huffman, J BE Ploog, K Trankle, G Weimann, G TI Hall coefficient singularity observed from p-SiGeC grown on n(-)-Si substrate SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 1999 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Compound Semiconducors CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, IFV Kompetenzzentrum TEMA B, AIXTRON AG, DaimlerChrysler AG, EPICHEM Ltd, Freiberger Compound Mat GmbH, Infineon Technologies AG, RIBER GmbH, United Monolith Semiconductors GmbH, VTS CreaTec GmbH, Wafer Technol Ltd ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES AB The electronic properties of boron doped Si1-x-yGexCy grown on n-Si substrate by low pressure chemical vapor deposition have been investigated as a function of carbon content (0.2 - 2%) using the temperature dependent Hall effect measurement, Hall coefficient singularities have been observed near 375 K for all samples as the sample temperature changes from low to high. This change in the conductivity type from p- to n-type is attributed to a three-layer conduction mechanism from the p-SiGeC layer. the n-Si substrate. and a possible p-type interfacial layer. The hole carrier density and mobility decrease with increasing C content for the doping of boron with the same B partial pressure used in the crystal growth. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. Lawrence Semicond Res Lab, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Ahoujja, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0704-8 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2000 IS 166 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BU98U UT WOS:000177563100036 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE TI A generalized smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for nonlinear dynamic problems SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FREE GALERKIN METHOD; COMPRESSIBLE TURBULENT FLOWS; HIGH-VELOCITY IMPACT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; APPLIED MECHANICS; SPH SIMULATIONS; COMPUTATIONS; INSTABILITY; FORMULATION AB A generalized smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was developed for the numerical simulation of nonlinear dynamic problems. The performance of the proposed method was demonstrated by solving Burgers' equations over a wide range of the Viscosity parameters in one and two space dimensions. II was shown that the present results agree very well with other existing solutions. As compared to other meshless methods, this algorithm is quite straightforward and simple and can be coded easily. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DEPE, Directed Energy Effects Res Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DEPE, Directed Energy Effects Res Branch, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 45 TC 70 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 190 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00422-3 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 366XM UT WOS:000090031600012 ER PT J AU Shang, JS Wagner, M Pan, Y Blake, DC AF Shang, JS Wagner, M Pan, Y Blake, DC TI Strategies for adopting FVTD on multicomputers SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES AB Using the Message Passing Interface, Power Fortran, and autotasking programming models, the authors have ported to multicomputers a sequential finite-volume numerical procedure, called the Max3D, for solving the time-dependent Maxwell equations, They have also demonstrated and verified a previously unobtainable high-frequency bistatic radar cross section for a perfectly electrical conducting sphere. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Aeronaut Sci Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shang, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aeronaut Sci Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 2 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1109/5992.814651 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 268YZ UT WOS:000084449400004 ER PT B AU O'Loughlin, JP Loree, DL AF O'Loughlin, JP Loree, DL GP IEEE IEEE TI Improving the peak to average power demand of a switching type capacitor/PFN charger SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB Commercially available switching type chargers for capacitor / PFN loads typically operate in a constant current mode. This results in a linear voltage ramp charging waveform. Since the current is constant, the power demand is also a linear ramp with a peak to average power ratio of two, over the charging period. At low repetition rates this two to one power fluctuation can be a troublesome interface with the prime power, especially a battery. Batteries have a specific power characteristic in kW/kg. If the peak to average power demand is two, twice the batter weight is required for the same application with a constant average power demand. Using a filter can smooth the power fluctuation but there is a significant weight and cost penalty for low repetition rate high-energy applications. The ideal solution for a constant power demand is a voltage waveform on the capacitor / PFN that is proportional to SQRT(time). This is difficult to implement. It is obvious that a variable or piece-wise turns ratio transformer could solve the problem technically; however, the cost, weight and complexity becomes a serious issue. A more productive solution is to modify the operation of the switching charger to reduce the two to one power demand ratio to a lower value. By studying the basic energy transfer mechanism in the switching charger design, modifications become apparent that are not complex or burdensome and can result in a reduction of the peak to average power demand to less than 1.25 to one. When applied to the total system including the prime power interface, a net advantage results. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP O'Loughlin, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896176 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800026 ER PT B AU Loree, DL O'Loughlin, JP AF Loree, DL O'Loughlin, JP GP IEEE IEEE TI Design optimization of L-C filters SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB L-C filters are commonly used to reduce the output ripple of d.c. power supplies. They can be a significant factor in the size, weight or cost of equipment. When high values of attenuation are required several series L-C sections may be used. The question arises for a given performance in terms of attenuation: what should the number of sections be and what relation should they have to each other such that the over-all size, weight or cost is optimum? The energy storage in the inductor, L, and capacitor, C, in an L-C section can be related to the attenuation performance characteristics. It is also possible to relate the size, weight or cost of the L and C component to the energy storage and thereby obtain the size, weight or cost of a given section in terms of the attenuation. The attenuation of a given section is determined in relation to the break frequency of the section. An equation for the total size, weight, or cost of a section can be expressed in terms of the break frequency and the respective specific size, weigh or cost of the component L and C. This equation can be used to determine the optimum relation between L and C to achieve minimum size, weight or cost. Similarly it is possible to mathematically express the size, weight or cost of a series of L-C sections when given the required total attenuation at a given frequency. Using this equation it is possible to determine analytically the optimum number of sections and the optimum relation between the sections. Curves, tables and equations are given to aid in optimizing a design using size, weight or cost as the basis criterion. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Loree, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 137 EP 140 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896184 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800034 ER PT S AU Reinhardt, KC Mayberry, CS Lewis, BP Kreifels, TL AF Reinhardt, KC Mayberry, CS Lewis, BP Kreifels, TL GP IEEE IEEE TI Multijunction solar cell iso-junction dark current study SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB Single-crystal multijunction solar cells show great promise for achieving 30-40% conversion efficiency under air mass zero (AM0) conditions, and have been identified as an enabling technology for next-generation government and commercial satellites. In this note we report on an approach to better understand the dark current-voltage (I-V) behavior in multijunction solar cells and it's effect on conversion efficiency. This technique is based on determining the impact of dark-current behavior within individual p-n junctions on monolithic triple-junction GaInP2/GaAs/Ge solar cell performance. The GaInP2/GaAs/Ge tandem solar cells used in this study were developed, in part, under the US Air Force's Manufacturing Technology (ManTech) Program and exhibited measured efficiencies of 24-25% (AM0). C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Reinhardt, KC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1118 EP 1121 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916083 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900271 ER PT S AU Tringe, J Merrill, J Reinhardt, K AF Tringe, J Merrill, J Reinhardt, K GP IEEE IEEE TI Developments in thin-film photovoltaics for space SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE TWENTY-EIGHTH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - 2000 SE IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY SEP 15-22, 2000 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Device Soc AB Thin-film solar cells are important for space because of their low cost, high power density, and radiation resistance. However, significant technological hurdles remain before thin-film technology may be implemented as the primary power source for spacecraft. A large-area fabrication process for high-efficiency (> 10% AM0) cells on a lightweight substrate must still be demonstrated, and there are many issues associated with space qualification of both the photovoltaic material itself and the substrate which must be resolved. Also, new deployment, interconnection and control schemes must be developed. Ongoing efforts led and supported by the Air Force to overcome these obstacles are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87185 USA. RP Tringe, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 0-7803-5773-6 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2000 BP 1242 EP 1245 DI 10.1109/PVSC.2000.916114 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS98J UT WOS:000171592900302 ER PT B AU Pocock, JB Jenkins, SR Meade, RB Mitchell, ZW Zuraski, PD AF Pocock, JB Jenkins, SR Meade, RB Mitchell, ZW Zuraski, PD BE Walsh, KD TI Integrating construction into a civil and environmental engineering curriculum SO CONSTRUCTION CONGRESS VI, PROCEEDING: BUILDING TOGETHER FOR A BETTER TOMORROW IN AN INCREASINGLY COMPLEX WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Construction Congress on Building Together for a Better Tomorrow in an Increasingly Complex World CY FEB 20-22, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Construct Div Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Univ Florida, ME Rinker Sch Construct, Int Council Bldg Res Studies & Documentat AB The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the United States Air Force Academy integrates construction engineering into its undergraduate curricula through a cycle of initial construction experience, engineering design courses, and a capstone construction engineering course. It begins with an introductory course in hands-on construction engineering at the Field Engineering and Readiness Laboratory (FERL). The program continues with two years of a rigorous engineering design curriculum, and concludes with a capstone course that ties together engineering design and construction knowledge. This approach to integration affords an opportunity for the student to develop and appreciate the many connections between engineering principles and construction practices. Throughout the five-week FERL course, students work in teams to construct projects under the guidance of Air Force enlisted mentors. At the Field Engineering and Readiness Laboratory, students gain practical construction experience, forming a foundation for better understanding in their design courses. The student's civil and environmental engineering courses follow in the two years between FERL and the capstone course. In the senior-level capstone course students bring everything together by planning the construction of a discipline-specific project (environmental, structural, or geotechnical), they designed in an earlier or concurrent course. Student teams learn to provide constructability/sustainability reviews, economic feasibility studies, work activities schedules, cost estimates, and site utilization/environmental plans. Students complete the course by briefing a multi-disciplinary panel that evaluates their construction management plans. This paper describes this approach to curriculum integration in more detail, focusing on the capstone course. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pocock, JB (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0475-5 PY 2000 BP 253 EP 262 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BQ34T UT WOS:000088061300028 ER PT S AU Gao, YF Chi, PJ Le, G Russell, CT Yang, DM Zhou, X Yang, SF Angelopoulos, V Chun, FK AF Gao, YF Chi, PJ Le, G Russell, CT Yang, DM Zhou, X Yang, SF Angelopoulos, V Chun, FK BE Russell, CT TI Sino-Magnetic Array at Low Latitudes (SMALL) including initial results from the sister sites in the United States SO COORDINATED MEASUREMENTS OF MAGNETOSPHERIC PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D Held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Comm Space Res ID GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS; FIELD; MAGNETOMETER; MAGNETOSPHERE; EARTHQUAKE; PERIOD AB The Sine-Magnetic Array at Low Latitudes (SMALL) is an ongoing project for the development of a two-dimensional (2-D) ground-based magnetometer array in China. The ultimate array will consist of 24 stations spanning over 3 hours in local time in the low-latitude (L < 2) region. We present some initial results from the Beijing station as well as several U.S. sister sites using the same instrumentation. It is shown that the coverage, high sensitivity, and accurate timing of the SMALL array will advance our understanding of low-latitude geomagnetic phenomena. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 7/8 BP 1343 EP 1351 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00643-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP57W UT WOS:000085558400007 ER PT S AU Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Wilson, GR AF Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Wilson, GR BE Russell, CT TI Solar wind control of the penetration of electric fields in the inner magnetosphere SO COORDINATED MEASUREMENTS OF MAGNETOSPHERIC PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D Held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Comm Space Res ID QUANTITATIVE SIMULATION; SUBSTORM; MODEL AB Particle and field measurements from the DMSP F8 and CRRES satellites were used to study interplanetary influences on the electrodynamics of the duskside inner magnetosphere during the magnetic storm of June 1991. The storm was triggered by an increase in the solar wind dynamic pressure accompanied by a southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMP). Satellite data show that: (1)Particle and field boundaries initially moved equatorward/earthward, probably in response to the strong southward IMF turning. (2) Electric field boundaries were close to the inner edge of ring current ions throughout the main and early recovery phases, except during rapid Increases in the polar cap potential when shielding was ineffective. (3) Potentials at subauroral latitudes were large fractions of the total potentials of the afternoon cell, twice exceeding 60 kV. This source of ring current energization depends on the polar cap potential to magnetopause standoff distance ratio. (4) Auroral electron boundaries mapped to lower L shells than where CRRES detected plasma sheet electrons reflecting magnetic inflation by the ring current. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Maynard, NC (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, 1 Tara Blvd,Suite 302, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 7/8 BP 1393 EP 1396 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00649-3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP57W UT WOS:000085558400013 ER PT S AU Lui, ATY Williams, DJ McEntire, RW Christon, SP Galvin, AB Knipp, DJ AF Lui, ATY Williams, DJ McEntire, RW Christon, SP Galvin, AB Knipp, DJ BE Russell, CT TI Possible storm-intensity enhancing factor for the November 3, 1993 magnetic storm SO COORDINATED MEASUREMENTS OF MAGNETOSPHERIC PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0 1 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D Held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Comm Space Res ID GEOMAGNETIC STORM AB The storm which started on November 3, 1993 was a recurrent storm and had a slightly higher intensity than the other storms in the series. Measurements from the energetic particles and ion composition (EPIC) instrument on Geotail were used to seek the cause for storm intensity enhancement. Significant changes in the ion composition and charge state of solar wind plasma (sampled in the magnetosheath) impacting the Earth were found, which include (1) a large transient enhancement of He++ relative to H+, (2) a transient decrease in the temperatures of both H+ and He++ populations, (3) an apparent enhancement of magnesium-silicon ions relative to iron ions, and (4) a possible shift of iron ions to higher charge states. These changes are likely due to a direct impact of a coronal mass ejection (CME), implying that this magnetic storm is slightly more intense than the others in the series because it is associated with both a high-speed stream from a large coronal hole and with a direct impact of a CME. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USAF Acad, Dept AF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lui, ATY (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Galvin, Antoinette/A-6114-2013; OI Christon, Stephen/0000-0003-1770-2458 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 7/8 BP 1639 EP 1644 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00678-X PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP57W UT WOS:000085558400042 ER PT S AU Daibog, EI Stolpovskii, VG Svertilov, SI Kahler, SW Kunow, H Erdos, G AF Daibog, EI Stolpovskii, VG Svertilov, SI Kahler, SW Kunow, H Erdos, G BE Kunow, H Smith, EJ Marsden, RG TI Invariant spectral characteristics of the decay phases of energetic electron intensities in solar energetic particle events SO COUPLING OF THE HIGH AND LOW LATITUDE HELIOSPHERE AND ITS RELATION TO THE CORONA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0 7 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 12-19, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Comm Space Res ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; DRIVEN SHOCKS; TRANSPORT AB Using simultaneous observations from two Helios s/c, we. examined the intensity-time profiles of E > 0.3 MeV electrons during the decay phases of 20 gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events. As previously found for the SEP event ions, the electron spectra and decay times were nearly invariant over large spatial regions in most events. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Moscow State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Kiel, Extraterr Phys Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, KFKI, H-125 Budapest, Hungary. RP Daibog, EI (reprint author), Moscow State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 26 IS 5 BP 871 EP 874 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(00)00021-1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ23G UT WOS:000087680000019 ER PT S AU Phister, P Plonisch, I Mineo, J AF Phister, P Plonisch, I Mineo, J BE Bains, S Irakliotis, LJ TI Why advanced computing? The key to space-based operations SO CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE FUTURE OF COMPUTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Critical Technologies for the Future of Computing CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE Space-based operations; re-programmable architectures; on-board processing; DNA memory; hyperspectral AB The "what is the requirement?" aspect of advanced computing and how it relates to and supports Air Force space-based operations is a key issue. In support of the Air Force Space Command's five major mission areas (space control force enhancement, force applications, space support and mission support), two-fifths of the requirements have associated stringent computing/size implications. The Air Force Research Laboratory's "migration to space" concept will eventually shift Science and Technology (S&T) dollars from predominately airborne systems to airborne-and-space related S&T areas. One challenging "space" area is in the development of sophisticated on-board computing processes for the next generation smaller, cheaper satellite systems. These new space systems (called microsats or nanosats) could be as small as a softball, yet perform functions that are currently being done by large, vulnerable ground-based assets. The Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) concept will be used to manage the overall process of space applications coupled with advancements in computing. The JBI can be defined as a globally interoperable information "space" which aggregates, integrates, fuses, and intelligently disseminates all relevant battlespace knowledge to support effective decision-making at all echelons of a Joint Task Force (JTF). This paper explores a single theme - on-board processing is the best avenue to take advantage of advancements in high-performance computing, high-density memories, communications, and re-programmable architecture technologies. The goal is to break away from "no changes after launch" design to a more flexible design environment that can take advantage of changing space requirements and needs while the space vehicle is "on orbit." C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Phister, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3754-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4109 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR57E UT WOS:000166835100001 ER PT S AU Potasek, MJ Campbell, T AF Potasek, MJ Campbell, T BE Bains, S Irakliotis, LJ TI All-optical switching device for high performance computing SO CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE FUTURE OF COMPUTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Critical Technologies for the Future of Computing CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE all-optical switching; nonlinear coupler; high performance computing ID NONLINEAR DIRECTIONAL COUPLER; SOLITON-SOLUTIONS; DYNAMICS; FIBERS; STATES AB Currently there is significant fundamental and practical interest in all-optical devices. For very high data rates, electro-optic or thermo-optic switching has speed limitations. Therefore all-optical switching is of considerable interest for ultrahigh data-rate computing. All-optical switching involves an intensity-dependent process. One useful configuration for optical switches is the nonlinear directional coupler. Optical switching in this device has been demonstrated for pulse widths in the picosecond region. However, these devices are relatively long which limits their practical application. By using femtosecond duration optical pulses we show that novel soliton-like coupled pulses can be used to perform all-optical switching in short nonlinear directional couplers. Because of the compact size (similar to 1mm) and the high bit rate, a major application for these ah-optical devices may be in high performance computing. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NYU, Courant Inst, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Potasek, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2503 Gillingham Dr,Bldg 175E, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3754-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4109 BP 281 EP 288 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR57E UT WOS:000166835100030 ER PT S AU Karna, SP Kurtz, HA Pineda, AC Shedd, WM Pugh, RD AF Karna, SP Kurtz, HA Pineda, AC Shedd, WM Pugh, RD BE Pacchioni, G Skuja, L Griscom, DL TI Point defects in Si-SiO(2) systems: Current understanding SO DEFECTS IN SIO2 AND RELATED DIELECTRICS: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Defects in SiO2 and Related Dielectrics - Science and Technology CY APR 08-20, 2000 CL ERICE, ITALY SP NATO ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; SIO2 THIN-FILMS; OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSISTORS; SI-29 HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; TRIVALENT SILICON CENTERS; 111 SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; OXYGEN VACANCY; E' CENTERS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; CRYSTALLINE SIO2 C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Karna, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE,Bldg 914, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 102 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 0-7923-6685-9 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2000 VL 2 BP 599 EP 615 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BR74M UT WOS:000167395800023 ER PT J AU Schmidt, NB Lerew, DR Santiago, H Trakowski, JH Staab, JP AF Schmidt, NB Lerew, DR Santiago, H Trakowski, JH Staab, JP TI Effects of heart-rate feedback on estimated cardiovascular fitness in patients with panic disorder SO DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY LA English DT Article DE panic disorder; cardiovascular; physical fitness; anxiety; exercise ID 35-PERCENT CO2 CHALLENGE; ANXIETY DISORDERS; RATE-VARIABILITY; PHOBIC ANXIETY; EXERCISE; SENSITIVITY; DISEASE; RISK; DEPRESSION; MORTALITY AB Psychological parameters that are believed to affect estimations of cardiovascular fitness were examined in patients with panic disorder and nonclinical controls. Fifty-four participants [panic disorder patients (n = 27) and age- and sex-matched nonclinical controls (n = 27)] completed a cycle ergometer test and were compared on the basis of estimated VO2max. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental conditions in which they received heart-rate feedback or no feedback during the test. Patients with Panic disorder exhibited lower VO2max and decreased exercise tolerance (i.e., were more likely to discontinue tbe test) than? nonclinical controls. Furthermore, individuals with high anxiety sensitivity (i.e., a fear of autonomic arousal), hat not a Panic disorder diagnosis per se, achieved significantly lower VO2max when provided with heart-rate feedback. Moreover, diagnostic status interacted with levels of anxiety sensitivity to pi-edict VO2max. Patients with panic disorder display poorer cardiovascular fitness after controlling for anxiety and other-factors that underestimate performance during fitness testing. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Leadership & Behav Sci, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Clin Psychol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Florida, Dept Psychiat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Schmidt, NB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychiat, 245 Townshend Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Staab, Jeffrey/B-8792-2015 OI Staab, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1516-3131 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1091-4269 J9 DEPRESS ANXIETY JI Depress. Anxiety PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1002/1520-6394(2000)12:2<59::AID-DA1>3.0.CO;2-G PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 365JD UT WOS:000089947400001 PM 11091928 ER PT S AU Kirkpatrick, SM Denny, LR Stone, MO AF Kirkpatrick, SM Denny, LR Stone, MO BE Cindrich, I Lee, SH Sutherland, RL TI Ultrafast holographic recording using two-photon induced photopolymerization SO DIFFRACTIVE/HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diffractive/Holographic Technologies and Spatial Light Modulators VII CY JAN 24-25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE holographic; two-photon absorption; femtosecond; excited state; photopolymerization; ultrafast AB Previously, we have reported the first demonstration of holographic two-photon induced photopolymerization (H-TPIP) in the construction of transmission holograms. This technique relies on the coupling of a two-photon absorbing chromophore and a photocurable optical resin. Several different systems have been successfully explored: all involving varied reaction pathways. Since the initial report, we have also expanded this technique to reflection holograms and some bulk structures. While the applications for this process are widely ranging, the underlying physical mechanisms still require a great deal of investigation. Tn this work, we report on some of the photo-physical mechanisms involved in the H-TPIP technique. Specifically, we will report on evidence for mass-transport phenomena, and the role of localized thermal loading. We also discuss a preliminary model, which examines the coupling between the chromophore's excited state population, initiation of the polymerization reaction, and localized thermal deposition. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3568-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3951 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.379356 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BP87V UT WOS:000086470200012 ER PT S AU Husnay, RM Climek, DM AF Husnay, RM Climek, DM BE Rao, RM Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Information assurance/protection issues in wireless networks SO DIGITAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digital Wireless Communication II CY APR 27-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB This paper outlines issues involved in improving the security, survivability and availability of wireless networks. DoD is already investing in the protection of its wired information systems. This paper will outline, from a protocol layer perspective, the unique aspects of extending information assurance to wireless systems, address the Information Assurance/Protection (IA/P) issues associated with software programmable radios (i.e. the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS)), and describe a recently initiated project at AFRL in this area. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Connect Branch, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Husnay, RM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Connect Branch, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3671-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4045 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.394097 PG 7 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BR35N UT WOS:000166174600005 ER PT J AU Cook, RS Meyer, GD Miller, TE Curran, MA Cmar, CB Miller, GL Carmichael, L AF Cook, RS Meyer, GD Miller, TE Curran, MA Cmar, CB Miller, GL Carmichael, L TI Assessing the feasibility of an in vitro cytotoxicity method to detect harmful ubiquitous chemicals (Detection of non-warfare hazardous chemicals in the operational theater) SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; GLUTATHIONE CONTENT; CELLS; RHODAMINE-123 AB The objective of this work was to assess the feasibility of accomplishing aqueous extracts of soil samples and determining if the extracted solution induced adverse effects in the human myelomonocytic cell line, HL60. Dosing of HL60 cells was accomplished over a 24-hour period using 100% of extracted media from standard soil samples containing known contaminants. Assessments of viability, apoptosis, reduced thiols, and mitochondrial membrane integrity were accomplished by argon-ion laser flow cytometric analysis, using chemical labels specific for each endpoint. The in vitro cytotoxicity data was compared with the results of Microtox(R) and Mutatox(R) tests as well as earthworm and plant toxicity tests. In vitro cytotoxicity tests' results exhibited good correlation with other tests' results. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. N Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Cook, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 95 EP 111 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100010 PM 10711392 ER PT J AU Fisher, J Todd, P Mattie, D Godfrey, D Narayanan, L Yu, K AF Fisher, J Todd, P Mattie, D Godfrey, D Narayanan, L Yu, K TI Preliminary development of a physiological model for perchlorate in the adult male rat: A framework for further studies SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci ID THYROID-GLAND; THYROTROPIN; SECRETION C1 Human Effectiveness Directorate, Operat Toxicol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fisher, J (reprint author), Human Effectiveness Directorate, Operat Toxicol Branch, 2856 G st, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 243 EP 258 DI 10.1081/DCT-100100113 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100018 PM 10711400 ER PT J AU Colle, HA Reid, GB AF Colle, HA Reid, GB TI The room effect: Exploring paths and rooms in a desktop virtual environment with objects grouped categorically and spatially SO ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COGNITIVE MAPS; MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS; KNOWLEDGE; MEMORY; NAVIGATION; REAL; ACQUISITION; HIERARCHIES; SCHEMATA; PLACES AB People rapidly learn the spatial layout of the interior of rooms when they navigate through a building to perform everyday tasks in a simulated environment, a phenomenon called the room. effect. Three experiments showed that the room effect did not depend on the categorical or functional utilization of rooms or on the exploration routes taken. Although there was a strong effect of whether or not the objects in the rooms all came from the same category or not, this object organization effect was independent of the room effect. Second, the room effect was just as strong when objects in different rooms were visited successively as it was when all objects in a room were visited before moving to the next room. The results are difficult to explain from the landmark-route-survey model or other extant explanations. A characteristic enclosure framework explanation is proposed. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Colle, HA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1040-7413 J9 ECOL PSYCHOL JI Ecol. Psychol. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 207 EP 229 DI 10.1207/S15326969ECO1203_2 PG 23 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 329NQ UT WOS:000087913600002 ER PT B AU Fogleman, GRR AF Fogleman, GRR BE Crawford, NW Moon, CI TI Air power: The 21st century catalyst for progress, change, and prosperity SO EMERGING THREATS, FORCE STRUCTURES, AND THE ROLE OF AIR POWER IN KOREA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Air Power Conference CY JUN 11-12, 1999 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Yonsei Univ, Ctr Int Studies, Project Air Force, RAND, Pacific Century Inst C1 USAF, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAND PI SANTA MONICA PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, 1700 MAIN ST PO BOX 2138, SANTA MONICA, CA 90407-2138 USA BN 0-8330-2830-8 PY 2000 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA BV20C UT WOS:000178143200001 ER PT S AU Ewart, RM AF Ewart, RM BE Taylor, EW Pirich, AR TI Spectrum response: The future of directed energy in aerospace SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE information superiority; battlespace dominance; photonics; directed energy; optical comm backbone AB There has been a critical shift in the warfighing paradigm. Information superiority is now the critical capability for battlespace dominance. Photonics research enables future information superiority and hence battlespace dominance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ewart, RM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3668-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4042 BP 2 EP 5 DI 10.1117/12.391895 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ75M UT WOS:000089403500001 ER PT S AU Thai, S Getbehead, M Pirich, A AF Thai, S Getbehead, M Pirich, A BE Taylor, EW Pirich, AR TI Q-switched/CW pulse trains produced by mode-locked fiber laser SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE erbium-ytterbium; fiber laser; passive mode locking; saturable absorber; Q-switched/CW pulse trains AB A mode-locked erbium-ytterbium fiber laser operating at 1550 nm using multiple quantum well (MQW) saturable absorbers was developed. The laser was constructed in a Fabry-Perot configuration using a fiber Bragg grating as a front reflector and a fiber chirped Bra,og grating output as a back reflector of the laser cavity. The laser can either produce Q-switched or CW passively mode-locked pulse trains by simply changing the location of the saturable absorber with respect to a focal plane. The pulse train of laser Q-switching operates at an 85-KHz repetition rate when the position of the absorber is near the focus. Peak power of the Q-switching pulses is about thirty times higher than for the CW mode locking which occurs when the absorber is placed exactly at the focal plane. The CW passively mode locked pulse trains have a 19-MHz repetition rate with 2.6-mW average output power. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNDP, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Thai, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNDP, 25 Elect Pkwy, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3668-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4042 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.391911 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ75M UT WOS:000089403500003 ER PT S AU Hayduk, MJ Bussjager, RJ Getbehead, MA AF Hayduk, MJ Bussjager, RJ Getbehead, MA BE Taylor, EW Pirich, AR TI Photonic analog to digital conversion techniques using semiconductor saturable absorbers SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE analog to digital converter; photonic converter; timing jitter; InGaAs ID CONVERTER AB There has been much recent interest in the use of photonics for analog to digital conversion. It is anticipated that the use of photonic analog to digital converters (ADCs) will far surpass the performance of electronic ADCs in terms of both sampling speed and resolution. We have designed a novel photonic ADC module that incorporates the use of semiconductor linear absorbers to perform the data quantization at speeds up to 100 GS/s with 4 bits of resolution. The use of the passive materials in this flash photonic ADC architecture makes this module a candidate for insertion into future space-based platforms. Experimental characterization results will be presented for the semiconductor materials used in the data conversion process. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Hayduk, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 25 Elect Pkwy, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3668-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4042 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.391915 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ75M UT WOS:000089403500007 ER PT S AU Louthain, JA Hayduk, M Erdmann, RK AF Louthain, JA Hayduk, M Erdmann, RK BE Taylor, EW Pirich, AR TI Dispersion measurements of mode-locked fiber laser components SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE optical dispersion; optical fiber lasers; mode-locked lasers; rare-earth materials/devices AB Precise control of the dispersion within mode-locked laser cavities can lead to optical pulse compression and reduced timing jitter of mode-locked lasers. Two simple measurement techniques are used to provide a complete picture of the dispersion within an erbium doped mode-locked fiber laser cavity. We measured the optical dispersion of erbium-doped fiber, standard single mode fiber, and chirped Bragg gratings. We built a Michelson interferometer with a wideband LED source to measure the dispersion of fiber lengths of less than 1 meter. Next, we measured the dispersion of chirped Bragg gratings using a network analyzer and a tunable laser in a differential phase measurement technique. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Louthain, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 25 Elect Pky, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3668-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4042 BP 90 EP 98 DI 10.1117/12.391899 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ75M UT WOS:000089403500012 ER PT S AU Tobin, MS Bruno, JD Pham, JT AF Tobin, MS Bruno, JD Pham, JT BE Taylor, EW Pirich, AR TI Above-GaAs-band-gap reflection modulator SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE reflection modulator; diffusive conductivity; GaAs quantum wells ID QUANTUM-WELLS; HIGH-SPEED; ELECTRONS AB Multiple triple quantum wells (TQWs) are used in the active region of an AlGaAs p-i-n diode for a reflection modulator operating above the GaAs band gap. Photocurrent spectra of the TQW-based diode show sharp absorption features that retain their spectral character with reverse bias and show large Stark shifts - comparable to those obtained from alternative active-layer designs. Some performance characteristics of an 810-nm reflection modulator using the TQW active-layer design are presented. We also describe time-resolved pump/probe measurements made on a series of TQW-based p-i-n diodes with differing p-layer conductivity and contrast results with the predictions of a simplified model of the carrier dynamics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3668-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4042 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.391900 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ75M UT WOS:000089403500013 ER PT S AU Wenndt, SJ Harris, DM Cupples, EJ AF Wenndt, SJ Harris, DM Cupples, EJ BE Bramble, SK Carapezza, EM Rudin, LI TI Content recognition for telephone monitoring SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE content recognition; whispered speech; keyword spotting AB This research began due to federal inmates abusing their telephone privileges by committing serious offenses such as murder, drug dealing, and fraud. On average, about 1000 calls are made per day at each federal prison with a peak of over 4000. Current monitoring capabilities are very man-intensive and only allow for about 2-3% monitoring of inmate telephone conversations. One of the main deficiencies identified by prison officials is the need to flag phone conversations pertaining to criminal activity. This research looks at two unique voice-processing methods to detect phone conversation pertaining to criminal activity. These two methods are digit string detection and whisper detection. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wenndt, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 32 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3906-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4232 BP 274 EP 280 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS26B UT WOS:000169262500031 ER PT S AU Haddad, DM Ratley, R AF Haddad, DM Ratley, R BE Bramble, SK Carapezza, EM Rudin, LI TI Voice stress analysis and evaluation SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE voice stress AB Voice Stress Analysis (VSA) systems are marketed as computer-based systems capable of measuring stress in a person's voice as an indicator of deception. They are advertised as being less expensive, easier to use, less invasive in use, and less constrained in their operation than polygraph technology. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) have asked the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/IFE) for assistance in evaluating voice stress analysis technology. Law enforcement officials have also been asking questions about this technology. If VSA technology proves to be effective, its value for military and law enforcement application is tremendous. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Haddad, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 32 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3906-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4232 BP 281 EP 292 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS26B UT WOS:000169262500032 ER PT S AU Moore, JA Salisbury, C AF Moore, JA Salisbury, C BE Sisti, AF TI A re-configurable simulation visualizer SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technology for Simulation Science IV CY APR 25-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Java; Java 3D; re-configurable; visualization AB In the past, visualization systems have been constructed to work with a single application or venue. By dismissing this notion, a visualizer can be created which is flexible enough to be configured to the user's viewing requirements just prior to execution. Going one step further, requirements that change during execution can also be addressed by this visualizer as the analysis of st simulation progresses. Allowing the user to reconfigure their visualization style, mode and information provides a more flexible method of optical analysis than previously possible. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Moore, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome Res Site, Rome, NY 13440 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3652-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4026 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1117/12.389386 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ62L UT WOS:000088996100005 ER PT S AU Trevisani, D Sisti, A AF Trevisani, D Sisti, A BE Sisti, AF TI The Air Force hierarchy of models: A look inside the great pyramid SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technology for Simulation Science IV CY APR 25-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mixed resolution modeling; model hierarchy; modeling pyramid; model classification; hierarchical simulation; interoperability AB The widely-used Air Force hierarchy of models and simulations is generally depicted as a four-level pyramid; ranging from Engineering/Component Level up to Theater/Campaign Level. While it does present a concise picture of the scope of military models and simulations, it gives the impression that there is a smooth and natural transition from one level to the next. That is not the case. In fact, there is a great variance in degree of complexity from one level to the next. This paper looks at the state-of-practice in modeling and simulation in the context of this hierarchy; and in particular, at traditional and revolutionary techniques involving inter-level relationships. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Modeling & Simulat Branch C4ISR, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Trevisani, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Modeling & Simulat Branch C4ISR, 525 Brooks Rd, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3652-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4026 BP 150 EP 159 DI 10.1117/12.389368 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ62L UT WOS:000088996100015 ER PT S AU Foresti, MD AF Foresti, MD BE Sisti, AF TI Visage-link: A medium for distributed collaboration in information intensive domains SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technology for Simulation Science IV CY APR 25-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE collaboration; sharing; information visualization AB Visage-Link takes the next step in the paradigm shift defined by the Visage information architecture, leveraging an information centric user interface approach in order to facilitate collaboration among geographically distributed users. Extending Visage's notion of polymorphism to the collaborative realm, Visage-link allows a user to visualize a shared data set using views tailored to his or her individual role. Basic research extends this concept to operate on devices smaller in nature and utilized for very user specific roles within operational exercises with varying levels of connectivity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Intelligent Informat Syst Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Foresti, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Intelligent Informat Syst Branch, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3652-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4026 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1117/12.389377 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BQ62L UT WOS:000088996100024 ER PT J AU Longnecker, MP Michalek, JE AF Longnecker, MP Michalek, JE TI Serum dioxin level in relation to diabetes mellitus among Air Force Veterans with background levels of exposure SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dioxin; diabetes mellitus; glucose metabolism; environmental exposures; insulin levels; body mass; gender; occupations ID GLUCOSE TRANSPORTING ACTIVITY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; WORKERS; RATS; TOXICITY; VIETNAM; TISSUE; WEIGHT AB Data from several epidemiologic studies suggest that exposure to unusually high amounts of dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) increases the risk of diabetes mellitus, and experimental data suggest that the mechanism for this is decreased cellular glucose uptake. To investigate the dose-response relation more closely, we examined the association of serum dioxin level with prevalence of diabetes mellitus and with levels of serum insulin and glucose among 1,197 veterans in the Air Force Health Study who never had contact with dioxin-contaminated herbicides and whose serum dioxin level was within the range of background exposure typically seen in the United States (less than or equal to 10 ng/kg lipid). Compared with those whose serum dioxin level was in the first quartile (<2.8 ng/kg lipid), the multivariate adjusted odds of diabetes among those in the highest quartile (greater than or equal to 5.2 ng/kg lipid) was 1.71 (95% confidence interval = 1.00-2.91). The association was slightly attenuated after adjustment for serum triglycerides. Whether adjustment for serum triglycerides was appropriate, however, cannot be determined with available data. The association of background-level dioxin exposure with the prevalence of diabetes in these data may well be due to reasons other than causality, although a causal contribution cannot be wholly dismissed. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 35 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1097/00001648-200001000-00010 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 266TH UT WOS:000084316000010 PM 10615842 ER PT J AU Alam, MK Tkach, S Semiatin, SL AF Alam, MK Tkach, S Semiatin, SL TI Determination of heat transfer through metal foils and ceramic fiber mats during composite fabrication SO EXPERIMENTAL HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CONTACT CONDUCTANCE; MATRIX COMPOSITES; CONSOLIDATION AB Heat transfer behavior during consolidation of metal matrix composites (MMCs) was investigated. Such composites are often fabricated by putting foils and fiber mats in a layup under pressure and heating to the consolidation temperature; the applied pressure is then increased to the final value. In the present work, experiments were carried out in which plies made of foils and fiber mats are placed together in a layup and pressed between a hot top die and a cool lower die. Various combinations of foils and fiber mats were compressed under different loads while the temperature transients in the lower die were recorded. From the resulting plots, the thermal conductance for different combinations of foils and fiber mats and for a single ply are determined. The deformation history of the foils and fiber are analyzed on the basis of micrographs taken after the compression tests. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stocker Ctr 251, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alam, MK (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stocker Ctr 251, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-6152 J9 EXP HEAT TRANSFER JI Exp. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2000 VL 13 IS 1 BP 39 EP 59 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 274XN UT WOS:000084790500004 ER PT S AU Moshier, MA Nicholas, T Hillberry, BM AF Moshier, MA Nicholas, T Hillberry, BM BE Halford, GR Gallagher, JP TI The effect of low cycle fatigue cracks and loading history on high cycle fatigue threshold SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 31ST VOL SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 21-24, 1999 CL CLEVELAND, OH SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm E08 DE high cycle fatigue; threshold; stress intensity; overloads; loading history; small cracks; Ti-6Al-4V; fracture mechanics ID TI-6AL-4V; GROWTH; ALLOY AB The high cycle fatigue (HCF) resistance of Ti-6Al-4V for gas turbine engine applications is studied when the material is first subjected to low cycle fatigue (LCF). The high cycle fatigue (HCF) threshold is determined after small LCF surface cracks are formed in notch tension specimens. LCF loading at two stress ratios, R = 0.1 and R - 1.0, is used to initiate the LCF cracks, which are detected using direct current potential difference (DCPD). The surface crack sizes are measured under load using a static loading fixture and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition to the SEM surface measurements, heat tinting is used to mark the crack profiles before HCF testing so that fractography can be used after failure to measure the 2D crack geometry. The LCF surface-cracked specimens are tested at room temperature in lab air at 600 Hz using a step-loading procedure at two stress ratios, R = 0.1 and R = 0.5. The LCF loading history is found to affect the HCF threshold compared to what is predicted from long crack threshold values obtained from other crack geometries. Variations in HCF crack growth thresholds obtained on specimens with LCF crack sizes from 25 to 175 mum are attributed to overload and underload effects from the LCF precracking. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Moshier, MA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2868-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1389 BP 427 EP 444 DI 10.1520/STP14813S PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BR58R UT WOS:000166855300023 ER PT S AU Bush, RW Donald, JK Bucci, RJ AF Bush, RW Donald, JK Bucci, RJ BE Newman, JC Piascik, RS TI Pitfalls to avoid in threshold testing and its interpretation SO FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH THRESHOLDS, ENDURANCE LIMITS, AND DESIGN SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fatigue Crack Growth Thresholds, Endurance Limits, and Design CY NOV 04-05, 1998 CL NORFOLK, VA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E8 Fatigue & Fracture DE fatigue; crack growth; threshold AB The impact of a number of testing variables on the measurement of fatigue crack growth thresholds is discussed: References are made to the original works from which the current recommendations for measurement of threshold in ASTM E 647 Were derived. The applicability of these original recommendations in light of advances made since that time is discussed. In addition, the effects of some commonly overlooked parameters and features, such as residual stress and environment, on the measurement and interpretation of crack growth thresholds are presented. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bush, RW (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H2, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2624-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1372 BP 269 EP 284 DI 10.1520/STP13438S PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP76C UT WOS:000086081800016 ER PT J AU Vlot, A Massar, JMA Guijt, CB Verhoeven, S AF Vlot, A Massar, JMA Guijt, CB Verhoeven, S TI Bonded aircraft repairs under variable amplitude fatigue loading and at low temperatures SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE aircraft; Glare; low temperature; repair; variable amplitude AB Bonded repairs can replace mechanically fastened repairs for aircraft structures. Compared to mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding provides a more uniform and efficient load transfer into the patch, and can reduce the risk of high stress concentrations caused by additional fastener holes necessary for riveted repairs. Previous fatigue tests on bonded Glare (glass-reinforced aluminium laminate) repairs were performed at room temperature and under constant amplitude fatigue loading. However, the realistic operating temperature of -40 degrees C may degrade the material and will cause unfavourable thermal stresses. Bonded repair specimens were tested at -40 degrees C and other specimens were tested at room temperature after subjecting them to temperature cycles. Also, tests were performed with a realistic C-5A Galaxy fuselage fatigue spectrum at room temperature. The behaviour of Glare repair patches was compared with boron/epoxy ones with equal extensional stiffness. The thermal cycles before fatigue cycling did not degrade the repair. A constant temperature of -40 degrees C during the mechanical fatigue load had a favourable effect on the fatigue crack growth rate. Glare repair patches showed lower crack growth rates than boron/epoxy repairs. Finite element analyses revealed that the higher crack growth rates for boron/epoxy repairs are caused by the higher thermal stresses induced by the curing of the adhesive. The fatigue crack growth rate under spectrum loading could be accurately predicted with stress intensity factors calculated by finite element modelling and cycle-by-cycle integration that neglected interaction effects of the different stress amplitudes, which is possible because stress intensities at the crack tip under the repair patch remain small. For an accurate prediction it was necessary to use an effective stress intensity factor that is a function of the stress ratio at the crack tip R-crack tip including the thermal stress under the bonded patch. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, NL-2600 GB Delft, Netherlands. USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFEM, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Vlot, A (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, POB 5058, NL-2600 GB Delft, Netherlands. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 286TK UT WOS:000085461600002 ER PT J AU Berenberg, VA Beresnev, LA Chaika, AN Gruneisen, MT Haase, W Leshchev, AA Onokhov, AP Vasil'ev, MV Venediktov, VY AF Berenberg, VA Beresnev, LA Chaika, AN Gruneisen, MT Haase, W Leshchev, AA Onokhov, AP Vasil'ev, MV Venediktov, VY TI FLC optically addressed modulators for dynamic holographic correction of optical distortions SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals CY AUG 29-SEP 03, 1999 CL DARMSTADT, GERMANY DE spatial light modulator; dynamic hologram; holographic corrector; imaging system ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; LIQUID-CRYSTAL SLMS AB The possibility of polarization independent record of dynamic holograms in optically addressed ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulators is discussed and studied in experiment. C1 Inst Laser Phys, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Crystallog, Moscow, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, DEBS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Peterlab Co, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. Darmstadt Univ Technol, Darmstadt, Germany. RP Berenberg, VA (reprint author), Inst Laser Phys, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RI Venediktov, Vladimir/C-5505-2013 OI Venediktov, Vladimir/0000-0002-0728-2050 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2000 VL 246 IS 1-4 BP 1153 EP 1164 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 357EW UT WOS:000089486400026 ER PT J AU Zmuda, H Toughlian, EN Jones, MA Payson, PM AF Zmuda, H Toughlian, EN Jones, MA Payson, PM TI Photonic architectures for broadband adaptive nulling with linear and conformal phased array antennas SO FIBER AND INTEGRATED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE adaptive nulling; broadband microwave beamforming; phased array antennas; conformal arrays; photonic microwave signal processing ID DELAY AB This paper presents several photonic architectures for independently steering multiple broadband nulls for linear and conformal phased away antennas. Analytic expressions that quantify bandwidth requirements are developed and both experimental and simulation results which demonstrate the antenna system performance are presented. In a fully integrated, optimized system, null depths in excess of 50 dB across a multigigahertz bandwidth are anticipated and the critical factors that influence this performance are examined. C1 Univ Florida, Grad Engn & Res Ctr, Shalimar, FL 32578 USA. ENSCO Inc, Cocoa Beach, FL USA. Mission Res Corp, Santa Barbara, CA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Zmuda, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Grad Engn & Res Ctr, 1350 N Poquito Rd, Shalimar, FL 32578 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0146-8030 J9 FIBER INTEGRATED OPT JI Fiber Integrated Opt. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 137 EP 154 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 310VN UT WOS:000086849900004 ER PT S AU Cortez, R Mall, S Calcaterra, JR AF Cortez, R Mall, S Calcaterra, JR BE Hoeppner, DW Chandrasekaran, V Elliott, CB TI Interaction of high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue on fretting behavior of Ti-6-4 SO FRETTING FATIGUE: CURRENT TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fretting Fatigue - Current Technology and Practices CY AUG 31, 1998 CL UNIV UTAH, SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Univ Utah, United Technologies Res Ctr, MTS Syst Corp, FASIDE Int Inc, Comm E8 Fatigue & Fracture HO UNIV UTAH DE fretting fatigue; high-cycle fatigue; low-cycle fatigue; titanium base alloy AB The fretting behavior of Ti-6Al-4V when subjected to combined high-cycle fatigue/low-cycle fatigue (HCF/LCF) was investigated, Constant amplitude fretting fatigue tests were first conducted at room temperature at both 1 Hz and 200 Hz frequencies. The fretting fatigue life was smaller for the higher frequency condition than for the lower one, Then, fretting tests combining the interaction of both high-frequency and low-frequency waveforms were conducted which yielded similar lives to the constant amplitude fretting fatigue tests. Tests consisting of HCF/LCF blocks of 50:1, 500:1, and 5000:1 were examined where the ratio represented the number of HCF cycles to LCF cycles. Overall, Miner's linear damage summation rule provided a reasonable estimate of combined HCF/LCF fretting lives for the HCF/LCF tests considered. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cortez, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2851-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1367 BP 183 EP 198 DI 10.1520/STP14729S PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP61X UT WOS:000085690900011 ER PT S AU Gavrielides, A AF Gavrielides, A BE Krauskopf, B Lenstra, D TI Nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers: Theory and experiments SO FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES OF NONLINEAR LASER DYNAMICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Spring School on Fundamental Issues of Nonlinear Laser Dynamics CY APR 16-19, 2000 CL TEXEL, NETHERLANDS SP Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands Org Sci Res, Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Samenwerkingsverband Math Fys FOM SWON, Sticht Phys, Dutch Res Sch, COMPAS, MRI & Stieltjes, Univ Bristol ID EXTERNAL OPTICAL FEEDBACK; INJECTED DIODE-LASER; RELAXATION OSCILLATIONS; CHAOTIC ITINERANCY; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; SUBJECT; PHASE; BIFURCATIONS; INSTABILITY; MODULATION AB The dynamics of semiconductor lasers under external influences are examined. In particular, the focus is on two possible configurations: the semiconductor laser under optical injection: and under delayed optical feedback. The injection model for the case of weak injection and large detuning is analyzed and experimental results are used to first determine the parameters that appear in the dynamical equations. A second injection is then used to probe the injection locked system and investigate theoretically and experimentally the response of this system. The stability boundaries of both configurations are analyzed and limit points and Hoof bifurcations points are determined. For the delayed feedback model a large number of external cavity modes can become available to the system for strong feedback and long external cavities, and a series of cascades close to threshold appears to be the route into the Low Frequency Fluctuations. A state that shows similarities with the Low Frequency Fluctuations but appears to be more regular is characterized experimentally and numerically. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gavrielides, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-977-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 548 BP 191 EP 217 PG 27 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR49W UT WOS:000166658400010 ER PT J AU Wooten, JO AF Wooten, JO TI Genetic forecasting: An opportunity to control your destiny SO FUTURIST LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Allied Hlth Div, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wooten, JO (reprint author), USAF, Allied Hlth Div, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD FUTURE SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 7910 WOODMONT AVE, SUITE 450, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-3317 J9 FUTURIST JI Futurist PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 34 IS 1 BP A8 EP A9 PG 2 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA 268FR UT WOS:000084404100019 ER PT S AU Watson, P Neidhard, R Kehias, L Welch, R Quach, T Worley, R Pacer, M Pappaterra, R Schweller, R Jenkins, T AF Watson, P Neidhard, R Kehias, L Welch, R Quach, T Worley, R Pacer, M Pappaterra, R Schweller, R Jenkins, T GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Ultra-high efficiency operation based on an alternative class-E mode SO GAAS IC SYMPOSIUM - 22ND ANNUAL, TECHNICAL DIGEST 2000 SE TECHNICAL DIGEST - IEEE GALLIUM ARSENIDE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE GaAs IC Symposium CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Electron Device Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Techn Soc, IEEE Solid-State Circuits Soc ID AMPLIFIER AB This work demonstrates an alternative ultra-high efficiency solution for class-E amplifier design when non-ideal device characteristics are present. The result is a mode of operation with an increased maximum operating frequency for maximum efficiency. Analytical, modeled, and measured results are given, demonstrating the validity of the approach. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Watson, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1064-7775 BN 0-7803-5698-2 J9 TG IEEE GAL ARS PY 2000 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1109/GAAS.2000.906288 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR80D UT WOS:000167600400011 ER PT S AU Fritzius, RS AF Fritzius, RS BE Kippen, RM Mallozzi, RS Fishman, GJ TI A ritzian interpretation of variable stars SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY OCT 18-22, 1999 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Compton Observ Sci Support Ctr, Curry Fdn AB A revived version of de Sitter's 1913 "binary stars" argument against Ritz's Galilean relativity general electrodynamic theory provides a means of explaining of the mechanism underlying the apparent variability of variable stars, pulsars, and gamma-ray bursters. Numerical code to compute c + v induced intensity peaks and blueshift chirps for spectroscopic binaries provides graphical displays for comparison with observed light curves and spectra for different classes of variable stars. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Fritzius, RS (reprint author), 305 Hillside Dr, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-947-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 526 BP 603 EP 607 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR50D UT WOS:000166661400113 ER PT S AU Manke, GC Henshaw, TL Madden, TJ Hager, GD AF Manke, GC Henshaw, TL Madden, TJ Hager, GD BE Basu, S Davis, SJ Dorko, EA TI Temperature dependence of the Cl+HN3 reaction from 300 to 480 K SO GAS, CHEMICAL, AND ELECTRICAL LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM CONTROL AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Gas and Chemical Lasers and Intense Beam Applications CY JAN 24-25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID CHLORINE-ATOM CONCENTRATIONS; PRODUCT BRANCHING FRACTION; RATE CONSTANTS; CHEMICAL-LASER; KINETICS; NCL(A(1)DELTA); IODINE; HN3; CL; TRANSITION AB The rate constant for Cl + HN3 over the temperature range 300 - 480 K has been studied in a flow reactor. Based on the rate of loss of HN3 and the rate of NCl(a(1)Delta) generation, the temperature dependence of this reaction is described by the collision theory expression 1.2 +/- 0.3 x 10(-11) T(0.5)exp(-1514 +/- 93/T), with E-0 = 3.0 +/- 0.2 kcal mol(-1) or an Arrhenius fit k(T) = 2.0 +/- 1.0 x 10(-10) exp(-1452 +/- 150/T) with E-a = 2.9 +/- 0.2 kcal mol(-1). C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELC, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3548-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3931 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.384267 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ18N UT WOS:000087377800006 ER PT S AU Paschkewitz, JS Heaven, MC AF Paschkewitz, JS Heaven, MC BE Basu, S Davis, SJ Dorko, EA TI The COIL chemical kinetics package revisited: A re-analysis of molecular iodine dissociation rate data SO GAS, CHEMICAL, AND ELECTRICAL LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM CONTROL AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Gas and Chemical Lasers and Intense Beam Applications CY JAN 24-25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE COIL; iodine dissociation; kinetics ID OXYGEN; LASER AB New fits to the molecular iodine dissociation rate data of Heidner et al. (J. Phys. Chem. 87, 2348-60, 1983) were obtained with the goals of achieving a better overall representation of the experimental data and determining a set of rate constants compatible with the assumption that the dissociation intermediate I-2(dagger) is vibrationally excited I-2 Improved rate constants were obtained that are significantly different from those used in current computational models of COIL systems. While the new rate constants provided a better representation of the experimental data, troubling discrepancies remain. New reactions involving electronically excited iodine (I-2*) were then added to the model in an attempt to resolve these discrepancies. Preliminary calculations indicate that I-2* kinetics provide only a minor path to dissociation and that these model deficiencies will not be resolved by adding electronically excited iodine channels. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Paschkewitz, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3548-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3931 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1117/12.384284 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ18N UT WOS:000087377800020 ER PT J AU Kuo, SP Lee, MC Kossey, P Groves, K Heckscher, J AF Kuo, SP Lee, MC Kossey, P Groves, K Heckscher, J TI Stimulated thermal instability for ELF and VLF wave generation in the polar electrojet SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEATER FACILITY; RADIATION; EFFICIENCY AB Generation of ELF and VLF waves in the HF heating wave modulated polar electrojet is studied. Through the Ohmid heating by the amplitude-modulated HF heating wave, the conductivity and thus the current of the electrojet is modulated to set up the ionospheric antenna current. However, it is shown that a stimulated thermal instability is also excited by the amplitude-modulated HF heating wave. This instability introduces an electron temperature modulation more effectively than that by the passive Ohmic heating process and is expected to improve considerably the intrinsic efficiency of ELF and VLF wave-generation by the amplitude-modulated HF heating wave. Moreover, the generation efficiency and signal quality also depend on the HF wave modulation scheme. Thus, four amplitude-modulation schemes are examined and compared. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Geophys Lab, GPI, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kuo, SP (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 901,Route 110, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1029/1999GL003693 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 273QX UT WOS:000084719300023 ER PT S AU Brown, RD Himed, B Lynch, ED Wicks, MC AF Brown, RD Himed, B Lynch, ED Wicks, MC BE Noon, DA Stickley, GF Longstaff, D TI Spatially adaptive ground penetrating radar SO GPR 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2000) CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, GSSI, Georadar Res, Mala Geosci, Roadscanners, CSSIP HO UNIV QUEENSLAND DE ground penetrating radar; adaptive radar imaging; AFRL experimental data collection AB GPR data collection in the frequency range of 3 to 66 MHz has been performed by the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). To process this data into images, the relative permittivity of the medium is a key parameter since it determines the propagation velocity through the medium. Image formation using phase information returned from buried scatterers can be improved by matching the processing to the environment in which radar measurements were taken. Considering the permittivity to be an unknown scalar parameter, several images can be formed as a function of the unknown parameter leading to a choice which maximizes the sensitivity and resolution of the resulting image. In this paper we extend upon this concept to include variations of the medium that are nonhomogeneous with respect to the physical locations of receiving sensors. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rad Signal Proc Branch, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Brown, RD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rad Signal Proc Branch, 26 Elect Pkwy, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. EM snrt@rl.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3726-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4084 BP 168 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.383557 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Optics GA BQ56J UT WOS:000088778100031 ER PT S AU Brown, RD Himed, B Lynch, ED Wicks, MC AF Brown, RD Himed, B Lynch, ED Wicks, MC BE Noon, DA Stickley, GF Longstaff, D TI Thinned arrays for ground penetrating imaging radar SO GPR 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2000) CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, GSSI, Georadar Res, Mala Geosci, Roadscanners, CSSIP HO UNIV QUEENSLAND DE imaging radar; thinned arrays; random sampling; multi-static radar; synthetic aperture radar AB In this paper, the effects of receive antenna placement on image formation in a surface contact synthetic aperture radar are investigated from an experimental perspective via the analysis of high frequency ground penetrating radar data. A receive array containing 121 measurements is used to form a baseline image of subsurface features including horizontal tunnels or drifts to depths approaching 200 feet. This result is compared to images formed using far fewer spatial measurements (as few as 37 samples out of 121 measurements available) collected randomly from throughout the same field of view. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Brown, RD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3726-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4084 BP 471 EP 475 DI 10.1117/12.383614 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Optics GA BQ56J UT WOS:000088778100083 ER PT S AU Kocian, DF Task, HL AF Kocian, DF Task, HL BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Measurement of military helmet and head-mounted display (HMD) visor optical properties SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays V CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet; visor; flight visor; helmet-mounted display AB This paper examines the light transmission, absorption, reflection, and scattering characteristics of military helmet visors used for see-through helmet-mounted displays (HMDs). HMDs used for the within-visual-range (WVR) counter-air mission normally use the inner surface of the helmet visor to reflect the HMD image to the pilot's eye. This approach is popular because it minimizes any optical structures that interfere with the pilot's vision, while also maximizing see-through to the ambient scene. In most cases, a reflective coating, which increases the cost of the helmet visor significantly, must be applied to the inner surfaces in order to achieve enough contrast between the HMD image and the external light passing through the visor. Recently, with the development of high luminance miniature cathode-ray-tubes (CRTs), it has been possible to eliminate the reflective coatings on neutral density helmet visors having a see-through range of 13-35%. This paper examines the light management properties of both types of visors. The paper stresses measurement techniques that produce repeatable results and what these results might imply about visual performance under operational lighting conditions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kocian, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St,Room 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3647-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4021 BP 120 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.389140 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BQ79C UT WOS:000089526600013 ER PT S AU Franck, DL Geiselman, EE Craig, JL AF Franck, DL Geiselman, EE Craig, JL BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Panoramic night vision goggle plight test results SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays V CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE night vision goggles; panoramic night vision goggles; Helmet-Mounted display; wide field of view; flight test; night operations; and image intensifiers tubes AB The Panoramic Night Vision Goggle (PNVG) has begun operational test and evaluation with its 100-degree horizontal by 40-degee vertical field of view (FOV) on different aircraft and at different locations. Two configurations of the PNVG are being evaluated. The first configuration design (PNVG I) is very low in profile and fits underneath a visor. PNVG I can be retained by the pilot during ejection. This configuration is interchangeable with a day helmet mounted tracker and display through a standard universal connector. The second configuration (PNVG II) resembles the currently fielded 40-degreee circular FOV Aviator Night Vision Imaging System (ANVIS) and is designed for non-ejection seat aircraft and ground applications. Pilots completed subjective questionnaires after each flight to compare the capability of the 100-degree horizontal by 40-degree vertical PNVG to the 40-degree circular ANVIS across different operational tasks. This paper discusses current findings and pilot feedback from the flight trials Objectives of the next phase of the PNVG program are also discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HECV,Helmet Mounted Sensory Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Franck, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HECV,Helmet Mounted Sensory Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3647-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4021 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.389142 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BQ79C UT WOS:000089526600015 ER PT S AU Geiselman, EE Havig, PR Brewer, MT AF Geiselman, EE Havig, PR Brewer, MT BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI A non distributed flight reference symbology for helmet-mounted display use during off-boresight viewing: development and evaluation SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays V CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display; symbology; attitude; flight reference; off-boresight AB This paper describes the design and evaluation of a new flight reference symbology intended for fixed-wing aircraft helmet-mounted display (HMD) use. The symbology is designed to provide continuous ownship status information (airspeed, altitude, heading, and attitude) regardless of pilot line of sight or head movements during tactical engagements. Most existing symbol sets distribute attitude, airspeed, altitude, and heading information across the HMD field of view (FOV). Some symbologies provide the information in close proximity to an attitude reference but the digital information is presented to the outside of the attitude reference. Distributing flight information across the display FOV poses potential usability disadvantages: First, clutter and occlusion problems are spread across the FOV. Second, information that is spread apart may require more scan area to be sampled in order for the observer to retrieve the desired information. Scanning more area may take more time. Third, information cannot be easily moved within the display FOV without creating consistency and interpretation problems. A new symbology was designed to address these problems: The Non Distributed Flight Reference (NDFR) includes a unique feature to allow directional awareness and spatial orientation to be maintained at extremely high angles of climb and dive. Also, because the symbology forms a composite "information stamp", it has potential application for head-up display and head-down display media. A "first look" evaluation of the NDFR concept is discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Geiselman, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3647-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4021 BP 272 EP 283 DI 10.1117/12.389157 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BQ79C UT WOS:000089526600029 ER PT B AU Kahler, SW Reames, DV Burkepile, JT AF Kahler, SW Reames, DV Burkepile, JT BE Ramaty, R Mandzhavidze, N TI A role for ambient energetic particle intensities in shock acceleration of solar energetic particles SO HIGH ENERGY SOLAR PHYSICS - ANTICIPATING HESSI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Solar Physics - Anticipating HESSI CY OCT 18-20, 1999 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD SP Goddard Space Flight Ctr HO UNIV MARYLAND ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; INTERACTION REGIONS; SMM OBSERVATIONS; IONS; EVENTS AB The sources of gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events are known to be coronal and interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). It has long been known that there is a correlation between peak intensities of the E > 20 MeV SEP events and the speeds of the associated CMEs. However, that correlation contains a high degree of scatter, suggesting that other factors are also important in the resulting SEP intensities. We use peak 28 to 43 MeV proton intensities of 17 SEP events associated with west Limb CMEs with a restricted range (650 to 850 km/s) of speeds to search for these other factors, which include ambient SEP intensities and the widths and latitudes of the CMEs, as well as their locations relevant to the streamer belt and their interactions with streamers. We find that peak SEP intensities are independent of CME latitudes and CME locations relative to coronal streamers. However, the peak SEP intensities are strongly correlated with the ambient SEP intensities preceding the CME and SEP event onsets. The correlation is stronger for the 20 to 80 MeV ambient SEP intensities (r = 0.59) than for the 0.5 to 4 MeV ambient SEP intensities (r = 0.40). The best fits yield a power-law dependence of peak SEP intensity on the ambient intensities with an exponent gamma of 0.5 to 0.8, much lower than the power-law exponent of similar to 4 to 5 found for CME speeds. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSBS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSBS, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-033-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 206 BP 468 EP 474 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80Q UT WOS:000089621000075 ER PT S AU Hager, GD Anderson, B Kendrick, K Tate, R Helms, C Adler, R Fisher, C Brown, A Plummer, D AF Hager, GD Anderson, B Kendrick, K Tate, R Helms, C Adler, R Fisher, C Brown, A Plummer, D BE Phipps, CR TI Progress report on the development of a repetitively-pulsed, frequency-shifted COIL laser SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation III CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Anteon Corp, Coherent Technologies Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Photon Assoc Inc AB This paper summarizes recent progress that has occurred in several research areas related to the development of a repetitively-pulsed, frequency-shifted chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL). COIL gain-switch experiments at 10 kHz pulse rates are described using a novel solid state pulsed magnetic field system. Raman conversion experiments in hydrogen using a pulsed photolytic iodine laser as a COIL surrogate are also described. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DELC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hager, GD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DELC, 3550 Aberdeen Av SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3700-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4065 BP 646 EP 657 DI 10.1117/12.407385 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BQ88B UT WOS:000089914200063 ER PT S AU Tate, RF Harris, M Anderson, BT Hager, GD AF Tate, RF Harris, M Anderson, BT Hager, GD BE Phipps, CR TI Shout-pulse photolytic iodine laser SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation III CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Anteon Corp, Coherent Technologies Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Photon Assoc Inc DE photolytic iodine laser; COIL; 1.315 mu m AB A compact, short pulse photolytic iodine laser (PIL) system designed for use as a source in Raman conversion experiments is described. The single-shot, flashlamp-pumped laser outputs 10 Joules in a 3 mu s FWHM pulse at a wavelength of 1.315 mu m and uses n-C3F7I as the renewable laser fuel. Laser design and performance characteristics are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DELC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tate, RF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DELC, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3700-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4065 BP 658 EP 665 DI 10.1117/12.407386 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BQ88B UT WOS:000089914200064 ER PT S AU Hager, GD Henshaw, TL Manke, GC Madden, TJ Berman, MR AF Hager, GD Henshaw, TL Manke, GC Madden, TJ Berman, MR BE Phipps, CR TI A new chemically pumped I (P-2(1/2)-> P-2(3/2)) laser at 1.315 mu m SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation III CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Anteon Corp, Coherent Technologies Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Photon Assoc Inc DE chemical laser; iodine laser; energy transfer laser; NCl (a(1)Delta) metastables; azides ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; RATE CONSTANTS; ATOMIC IODINE; NCL(A(1)DELTA); TRANSITION; CL+HN3; FLOW AB CW lass action has been demonstrated on the electronic I* (P-2(1/2)) --> I (P-2(3/2)) transition of atomic iodine at 1.3 15 mu m from the NCI (a(1)Delta) + I (P-2 (3/2)) energy transfer reaction. The stimulated emission was generated in a transverse subsonic now device when hydrogen azide, HN3, was injected into a now of iodine and chlorine atoms. The measured laser output power was 180 mW. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DELC, Directed Energy Directorate,Gas & Chem Lasers Bra, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hager, GD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DELC, Directed Energy Directorate,Gas & Chem Lasers Bra, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3700-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4065 BP 691 EP 698 DI 10.1117/12.407340 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BQ88B UT WOS:000089914200068 ER PT S AU Latham, WP Kendrick, RR Quillen, B AF Latham, WP Kendrick, RR Quillen, B BE Nakai, S Hackel, LA Solomon, WC TI Applications of the chemical oxygen-iodine laser SO HIGH-POWER LASERS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers in Civil Engineering and Architecture CY NOV 01-03, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP SPIE, Laser Soc Japan, Osaka Univ, Fac Engn & ILE, ICF Forum, Inst Laser Technol, Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Adv Mat Proc Inst Kinki, R&D Inst Photon Engn ID POWER AB The Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser (COIL) has been developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory for military applications. For example, the COIL is to be used as the laser device for the ABL. A high power laser is useful for applications that require the delivery of a substantial amount of energy to a very small focused laser spot. The COIL is a member of the class of high power lasers that are also useful for industrial applications, including the materials processing tasks of high speed cutting and drilling. COIL technology has received considerable interest over the last several years due to its short, fiber-deliverable wavelength (1.315 microns), scalability to very high powers, and demonstrated nearly diffraction-limited optical quality. These unique abilities make it an ideal candidate for nuclear reactor decommissioning and nuclear warhead dismantlement. Japanese researchers envision using a COIL for disaster cleanup and survivor rescue. It is also being studied by the oil and gas industry for well drilling. Any commercial or industrial application that requires very rapid, precise, and noninvasive cutting or drilling, could be readily accomplished with a COIL. Because of the substantial power levels available with a COIL, the laser could also be used for broad area applications such as paint stripping. This paper includes a collection of experiments accomplished at the Air Force Research Laboratory Chemical Laser Facility, including metal cutting, hole drilling, high power fiber optic transmission, and rock crushing. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Latham, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3485-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3887 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1117/12.375178 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP73D UT WOS:000086011300018 ER PT S AU Latham, WP Kendrick, KR Rothenflue, JA Kar, A Carroll, DL AF Latham, WP Kendrick, KR Rothenflue, JA Kar, A Carroll, DL BE Nakai, S Hackel, LA Solomon, WC TI Cutting performance of a chemical oxygen-iodine laser on aerospace and industrial materials SO HIGH-POWER LASERS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers in Civil Engineering and Architecture CY NOV 01-03, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP SPIE, Laser Soc Japan, Osaka Univ, Fac Engn & ILE, ICF Forum, Inst Laser Technol, Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Adv Mat Proc Inst Kinki, R&D Inst Photon Engn ID OPERATION AB A chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) was used for cutting aluminum, titanium,inconel and copper plates. The laser was operated with a stable resonator having an intracavity aperture to produce a circular COIL beam with very few transverse modes. The multimode focal spot diameter was calculated to be 0.24 mm. The new aluminum cut was of particularly high kerf edge quality. These COIL cutting data are compared with an existing theoretical laser cutting model. Using thermophysical data for aluminum, titanium, inconel and copper, this theory agrees very well with the data. To test the versatility of the model, the effects of different assumptions are examined; different assumptions produced very little effect on model predictions at high cutting speeds and a small difference at very slow cutting speeds. Overall, the theoretical model provides good agreement with experiments for a wide variety of metals. C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Latham, WP (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3485-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3887 BP 200 EP 204 DI 10.1117/12.375181 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP73D UT WOS:000086011300021 ER PT S AU Latham, WP Kar, A AF Latham, WP Kar, A BE Nakai, S Hackel, LA Solomon, WC TI A review of the simple model for metal cutting with the chemical oxygen-iodine laser SO HIGH-POWER LASERS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers in Civil Engineering and Architecture CY NOV 01-03, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP SPIE, Laser Soc Japan, Osaka Univ, Fac Engn & ILE, ICF Forum, Inst Laser Technol, Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Adv Mat Proc Inst Kinki, R&D Inst Photon Engn AB The Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser (COIL, 1.315 mu m wavelength) has drawn considerable attention owing to its short, fiber-deliverable wavelength, scalability to very high powers, and nearly diffraction-limited optical quality. These unique abilities make it an ideal candidate for rapid cutting of thick metals and other laser materials processing applications. Cutting experiments have been conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory Chemical Laser Facility for a number of metals including stainless steel, nickel, copper, titanium and aluminum. A simple model for the cutting performance has been very successful in predicting the cutting speed and depth for most of these materials. Different assumptions of this model produce very little effect on the model predictions at high cutting speeds and a small difference at very slow cutting speeds. Additional physical effects such as the effects of vaporization, which can be significant at slow cutting speeds when cutting very thick sections, is incorporated into the model. This paper demonstrates how various assumptions within the derivation of the model can lead to different forms of the scaling law. C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL, DE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Latham, WP (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL, DE, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3485-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3887 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1117/12.375183 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP73D UT WOS:000086011300022 ER PT S AU Lasche, JB Hanes, SD Rowland, KB Birenboim, A Benham, VN AF Lasche, JB Hanes, SD Rowland, KB Birenboim, A Benham, VN BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Imaging with heterodyne laser radar and reflection tomography SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE laser radar; ladar; reflective tomography ID FIELD AB The Air Force Research Laboratory is using a small-scale heterodyne laser radar (ladar) system for range-resolved imaging, among other applications. This system, called the Heterodyne Imaging Laser Testbed (HILT), is used for obtaining pulsed reflection returns from targets that are located on the ground at a distance of similar to 1km. Over the past year, the resolution of the HILT's reflection tomographic images has improved from similar to 30cm to similar to 10cm. Presented in this paper are a description of HILT and tomographic image reconstructions of ground targets. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lasche, JB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3769-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4124 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1117/12.407511 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR66D UT WOS:000167103000030 ER PT S AU Larson, CW Harper, J Presilla-Marquez, JD AF Larson, CW Harper, J Presilla-Marquez, JD BE Hilpert, K Froben, FW Singheiser, L TI Matrix isolation of boron and carbon vapor. Control of cluster formation during preparation and annealing SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PTS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS SE SCHRIFTEN DES FORSCHUNGSZENTRUMS JULICH REIHE ENERGIETECHNIK LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference of the International-Union-of-Pure-and-Applied-Chemistry CY APR 10-14, 2000 CL RES CTR JULICH, JULICH, GERMANY SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem HO RES CTR JULICH ID ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; SOLID AR; CYCLIC C-8; NEON MATRICES; AB-INITIO; 10 K; ARGON; FREQUENCIES; MOLECULES AB The formation and recombination of small boron/carbon clusters were studied by quantitative Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Samples were prepared by codepositing the vapors from heated (3000 K) powder mixtures with argon onto a 10 K CsI substrate. C-3 and BC2 disappeared entirely over the course of several annealings. Yields of all the larger clusters (BJCn-J, n greater than or equal to 5, J = 0, 1, 2) increased during annealing. Clusters with n 2: 4 are linear, with the boron atoms of the J = I and 2 clusters capping the ends of carbon chains. During annealing, C-n and BCn-1 clusters grow by adding mobile atom, dimer, or trimer to the carbon end of the chain; B2Cn-2 clusters are inert. Dramatic growth of B2C2 during the first annealing is conclusive proof of the presence of B atoms and/or BC molecules in the initial matrices. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Larson, CW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH PI JULICH PA CENT LIB, 52425 JULICH, GERMANY SN 1433-5522 BN 3-89336-277-0 J9 SCHR FZ JUL ENERG PY 2000 VL 15 BP 349 EP 352 PN 1 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA BU42W UT WOS:000175969300070 ER PT J AU Lance, CE Bennett, W AF Lance, CE Bennett, W TI Replication and extension of models of supervisory job performance ratings SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article ID CONTEXTUAL PERFORMANCE; TASK-PERFORMANCE; WORK EXPERIENCE; VALIDITY; ABILITY; METAANALYSIS; SATISFACTION; COMMITMENT; KNOWLEDGE; UTILITY AB This study tested causal models of job knowledge,job proficiency, and supervisor ratings in a sample (N = 838) of U.S. Air Force enlisted personnel. Results indicated that (a) effects of ability and experience were linear, not interactive; (b) different conceptualizations of "experience" play somewhat different causal roles in the determination of job knowledge, job proficiency, and supervisory ratings; (c) general support for the mediational roles of job knowledge and job proficiency; and (d) supervisory ratings reflect both technical (task-based) and motivational (contextual) aspects of performance. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Miss Crit Skills Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Lance, CE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0895-9285 J9 HUM PERFORM JI Hum. Perform. PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 139 EP 158 DI 10.1207/s15327043hup1302_2 PG 20 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 295UN UT WOS:000085986400002 ER PT J AU Lance, CE Johnson, CD Douthitt, SS Bennett, W Harville, DL AF Lance, CE Johnson, CD Douthitt, SS Bennett, W Harville, DL TI Good news: Work sample administrators' global performance judgments are (about) as valid as we've suspected SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article ID JOB-PERFORMANCE; CONTEXTUAL PERFORMANCE; TASK-PERFORMANCE; META-ANALYSIS; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; PERSONNEL-SELECTION; RATINGS; RACE; CRITERIA; MODELS AB Data obtained on over 1,500 first-term U.S. Air Force enlisted personnel indicated that work sample administrators' global ratings of work sample performance substantially reflect actual ratee behavior in the work sample, and not potentially biasing factors (e.g., race, gender, amount of recent experience), supporting the "folk wisdom" that these global performance judgments are, in fact, valid and unbiased measures of performance. Good news!. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Lance, CE (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0895-9285 J9 HUM PERFORM JI Hum. Perform. PY 2000 VL 13 IS 3 BP 253 EP 277 DI 10.1207/S15327043HUP1303_2 PG 25 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 325TC UT WOS:000087691600002 ER PT B AU Bansemer, JD Eltoweissy, MY AF Bansemer, JD Eltoweissy, MY BE Sudborough, H Monien, B Hsu, DF TI On performance metrics for IP multicast routing SO I-SPAN 2000: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL ARCHITECTURES ALGORITHMS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Networks (I-SPAN 2000) CY DEC 07-09, 2000 CL DALLAS, TX SP Univ Texas Dallas, Girou Fdn AB Current research on multicast benchmarking has focused primarily on measuring the performance capabilities of multicast forwarding devices without thoroughly addressing the impact routing protocols may have on the device. We provide a performance metrics taxonomy for multicast routing protocols to augment current work. These metrics are based upon the activities that occur during the lifetime of a multicast group, namely, the creation and termination of a group, the distribution of group communications, and the modification of group membership. These activities impact various multicast entities including hosts, routers, links, and the larger network supporting the group. Performance is further influenced by group characteristics including group size and the number of group senders. We discuss the dynamics of multicast systems, present a testing procedure for performance evaluation of multicast routing, and define metrics in three areas: latency, jitter, and bandwidth consumption. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Bansemer, JD (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0936-3 PY 2000 BP 282 EP 291 DI 10.1109/ISPAN.2000.900297 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR53F UT WOS:000166722700039 ER PT B AU Lacey, TH DeLoach, SA AF Lacey, TH DeLoach, SA BE Arabnia, HR TI Verification of agent behavioral models SO IC-AI'2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL 1-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IC-AI'2000) CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci, Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, PDPTA, World Sci & Engn Soc DE multiagent; behavior; concurrent; verification AB Intelligent software agents are ideal for solving distributed problems that are too difficult for traditional systems However, multiagent systems are complicated to build but must be dependable. Agent interaction protocols are the key to multiagent systems. This paper introduces a formal methodology that automatically verifies the interaction between agents. Agent behavioral specifications are created graphically in the agentTool multiagent development environment. This graphical representation is then transformed into a formal modeling language that is analyzed to ensure the interactions are correct. This verification provides the user with another tool to ensure the system will perform as expected. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lacey, TH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-59-9 PY 2000 BP 557 EP 563 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BS04Y UT WOS:000168455000076 ER PT B AU McDonald, JT Talbert, ML DeLoach, SA AF McDonald, JT Talbert, ML DeLoach, SA BE Arabnia, HR TI Heterogeneous database integration using agent-oriented information systems SO IC-AI'2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL 1-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IC-AI'2000) CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci, Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, PDPTA, World Sci & Engn Soc DE AOIS; agents; modeling and simulations; heterogeneous database integration AB The Department of Defense (DOD) has an extensive family of models used to simulate the mission level interaction of weapon systems. Interoperability and reuse of the underlying data files used to create simulation scenarios pose great challenges in this regard. Unlike traditional data integration methods common to federated database research, the emerging field of agent-oriented information systems (AOIS) views data as the central focus of an application while also providing an overall architectural framework for application development. We develop an AOIS solution relevant to this problem domain by combining object-oriented data modeling (OMT), a persistent programming language using a commercial object-oriented database (ObjectStore (R)), and an agent-oriented analysis and design methodology (MaSE). Requirements from a contractor-led effort at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) known as CERTCORT are the basis for analysis and design of our system. We implement prototypical information-layer applications to conceptually demonstrate the reusability and integration of scenarios across simulation models. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDonald, JT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-59-9 PY 2000 BP 1359 EP 1365 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BS04Y UT WOS:000168455000186 ER PT B AU Eric, JJ Hull, RJ AF Eric, JJ Hull, RJ GP LIA LIA TI Laser cladding of oxidation protection coatings on carbon-carbon composites SO ICALEO(R) 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, VOL 89 SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference (ICALEO(R) 2000) CY OCT 02-05, 2000 CL DEARBORN, MI SP Laser Inst Amer AB Carbon-Carbon composite materials - carbon fibers surrounded by a carbon matrix - offer the materials industry a unique mixture of high strength and high temperature performance in a lightweight package. While the aerospace industry has been very interested in carbon-carbon for many years for an assortment of high temperature applications, commercial applications for this material are beginning to gain interest and acceptance. One drawback of the carbon-carbon composite is its susceptibility to oxidation in non-vacuum environments. A number of studies are underway to investigate thin coatings which can be applied to carbon-carbon to reduce or eliminate this oxidation effect. This paper will describe the results of experiments on the laser cladding of a variety of protective coatings onto carbon-carbon substrates as oxidation protection coatings. This work, performed using a 12-kW flat-top CO2 laser and a powder delivery system, will be presented. Laser cladding parameters as well as resulting materials characterization and mechanical property tests will be discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBC,Struct Mat Branch, MLPJ,Hardened Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eric, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBC,Struct Mat Branch, MLPJ,Hardened Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-62-5 J9 LIA P PY 2000 VL 89 BP D124 EP D132 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR15F UT WOS:000165735500070 ER PT B AU Latham, WP Cooley, WT Vansuch, GJ Salvi, TC AF Latham, WP Cooley, WT Vansuch, GJ Salvi, TC BE Christensen, P TI High-Power Semiconductor Lasers: Applications and progress SO ICALEO (R)'99: PROCEEDING OF THE LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, VOL 87, PTS 1 AND 2 SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference (ICALEO(R)99) CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Laser Inst Amer AB The United States government and industry have a long standing interest in developing high power semiconductor lasers for a variety of applications. These include material processing, long range sensing, and long range communications. The wavelength depends on the application, and sometimes on eye safety considerations. Key development goals are high brightness and high efficiency. This paper will review some of the applications, key laser performance features desired, and some of the accomplishments in high power diode lasers from the High Power Semiconductor Laser Technology program. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Latham, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-60-9 J9 LIA P PY 2000 VL 87 BP A1 EP A11 PN 1&2 PG 3 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BQ62Z UT WOS:000089016200001 ER PT B AU Latham, WP Farooq, K Kar, A AF Latham, WP Farooq, K Kar, A BE Christensen, P TI Optical quality in high precision laser cutting SO ICALEO (R)'99: PROCEEDING OF THE LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, VOL 87, PTS 1 AND 2 SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference (ICALEO(R)99) CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Laser Inst Amer ID POOL SHAPE; BEAM; MODE AB High power laser systems usually generate multimode laser beams. Conventional optics produces noncircular spots for such beams. The presence of a Brewster window or of any other rectangular asymmetries in the mirror coatings or the laser gain medium or structural alignment of the laser cavity would generate rectangular beams whose mode structure is expressed in terms of rectangularly symmetric Hermite-Gaussian modes. This also leads to the formation of noncircular spots. Rectangular beams may be preferable to circular beams because the diffraction-limited divergence angle of rectangular beams is smaller than the divergence of circular beams. Since noncircular spots are azimuthally asymmetric, the heating characteristics of such spots depend on the laser beam scanning direction relative to the characteristic axes of the spot. The heating effect of laser beam scanning direction is investigated in this paper and the temperature field is shown asymmetric about the scanning direction. This effect is important for high precision cutting applications such as integrated circuit cutting. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Latham, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-60-9 J9 LIA P PY 2000 VL 87 BP C88 EP C95 PN 1&2 PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BQ62Z UT WOS:000089016200057 ER PT B AU Mailloux, RJ AF Mailloux, RJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A low sidelobe network for time delayed subarrays SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4: TRANSMITTING WAVES OF PROGRESS TO THE NEXT MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 16-21, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, Agilent Technol, Hewlett Packard Co, Kennecott Utah Copper, L 3 Commun, Moog Inc, Motorola, Raytheon Syst Co C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mailloux, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 31 Grenier st, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6370-1 PY 2000 BP 1218 EP 1221 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQ87W UT WOS:000089912900296 ER PT B AU Liou, LL Mah, MY Ferendeci, A AF Liou, LL Mah, MY Ferendeci, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Equivalent circuit parameter extraction of microstrip coupling lines using FDTD method SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4: TRANSMITTING WAVES OF PROGRESS TO THE NEXT MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 16-21, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, Agilent Technol, Hewlett Packard Co, Kennecott Utah Copper, L 3 Commun, Moog Inc, Motorola, Raytheon Syst Co AB A new algorithm, in conjunction with FDTD simulation, was developed to perform direct extractions of the equivalent circuit parameters for the coupled microstrip liner. The unit-length capacitance and inductance were derived from the FDTD results. The frequency-dependent microwave parameters such as phase velocity and the characteristic impedance do not show anomalous oscillation. Incorporated with the even-odd analysis, the scattering parameters of the coupled microstrip lines with a flexible coupling length can be calculated. The calculation results were found in good agreement with the measured scattering parameter data. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liou, LL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6370-1 PY 2000 BP 1488 EP 1491 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQ87W UT WOS:000089912900366 ER PT B AU Liou, LL Lin, KC AF Liou, LL Lin, KC GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Capacitance and charge distributions of the parallel plates with an embedded metal SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4: TRANSMITTING WAVES OF PROGRESS TO THE NEXT MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 16-21, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, Agilent Technol, Hewlett Packard Co, Kennecott Utah Copper, L 3 Commun, Moog Inc, Motorola, Raytheon Syst Co AB Using conformal mapping technique, the quasi-TEM potential of a waveguide structure containing a pair of parallel metal plates with an embedded vertical metal was analyzed. The effect due to the embedded metal on the capacitance and the charge distribution were calculated. The results were shown as functions of the plate width, separation of the plates. and the length of the embedded metal. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liou, LL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6370-1 PY 2000 BP 2016 EP 2019 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQ87W UT WOS:000089912900497 ER PT J AU Tang, SM Chen, RT Li, BL Foshee, J AF Tang, SM Chen, RT Li, BL Foshee, J TI Waveguide take to the Sky SO IEEE CIRCUITS & DEVICES LA English DT Article C1 Radiant Res Inc, Austin, TX USA. Univ Texas, Austin Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Tang, SM (reprint author), Radiant Res Inc, Austin, TX USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 8755-3996 J9 IEEE CIRCUITS DEVICE JI IEEE Circuits Devices PD JAN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 280BD UT WOS:000085081400006 ER PT J AU Caefer, CE Silverman, J Mooney, JM AF Caefer, CE Silverman, J Mooney, JM TI Optimization of point target tracking filters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID EVOLVING CLOUD CLUTTER; IR IMAGERY AB We review a powerful temporal-based algorithm, a triple temporal filter (TTF) with six input parameters, for detecting and tracking point targets in consecutive frame data acquired with staring infrared (IR) cameras. Using an extensive data set of locally acquired real-world data, we used an iterative optimization technique, the Simplex algorithm, to find an optimum set of input parameters for a given data set. Analysis of correlations among the optimum filter parameters based on a representative subset of our database led to two improved versions of the filter: one dedicated to noise-dominated scenes, the other to cloud clutter-dominated scenes. Additional correlations of filter parameters with measures of clutter severity and target velocity as wed as simulations of filter responses to idealized targets reveal which features of the data determine the best choice of filter parameters. The performance characteristics of the filter is detailed by a few example scenes and metric plots of signal to clutter gains and signal to noise gains over the total database. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHI, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Caefer, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHI, 80 Scott Dr, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1109/7.826309 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 292JY UT WOS:000085791800003 ER PT J AU Hanlon, PD Maybeck, PS AF Hanlon, PD Maybeck, PS TI Characterization of Kalman filter residuals in the presence of mismodeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MODEL ADAPTIVE ESTIMATION; FAILURE-DETECTION; SYSTEMS; F-16 AB The mean and covariance of a Kalman filter residual are computed for specific cases in which the Kahman filter model differs from a linear model that accurately represents the true system (the truth model). Multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) uses a bank of Kalman filters, each with a different internal model, and a hypothesis testing algorithm that uses the residuals from this bank of Kalman filters to estimate the true system model. At most, only one Kalman filter's model will exactly match the truth model and will produce a residual whose mean and standard deviation have already been analyzed [9]. All of the other filters use internal models that mismodel the true system. T-Ve compute the effects of a mismodeled input matrix, output matrix, and state transition matrix on these residuals. The computed mean and covariance are compared with simulation results of night control failures that correspond to mismodeled input matrices and output matrices. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hanlon, PD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 114 EP 131 DI 10.1109/7.826316 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 292JY UT WOS:000085791800010 ER PT J AU Pachter, M Reynolds, OR AF Pachter, M Reynolds, OR TI Identification of a discrete-time dynamical system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB A novel generalized minimum variance (GMV) system identification algorithm is developed, and its performance is gauged against the established generalized least squares (GLS) estimation algorithm. The emphasis of the proposed GMV algorithm is on the rigorous treatment of measurement noise for dynamical system identification. A careful analysis of the measurement situation on hand yields a novel fixed-point calculation-based parameter estimation algorithm. The novel and established algorithms are compared in carefully performed and reproducible experiments which include measurement noise. Differences are apparent under small (measurement) sample operation, whereas under sufficient excitation, the algorithms produce statistically similar results. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol ENG, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 212 EP 225 DI 10.1109/7.826323 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 292JY UT WOS:000085791800017 ER PT J AU Spyker, RL Nelms, RM AF Spyker, RL Nelms, RM TI Optimization of double-layer capacitor arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 06-10, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Ind Applicat Soc DE capacitors; energy storage; power conversion AB The double-laver capacitor was developed in the late 1960's by SOHIO Corporation, with further development continued by NEC and Matsushita in Japan. In 1978, a commercial product was introduced by Matsushita, the Panasonic Gold capacitor. This recent technological advancement has mainly been applied in computer memory backup systems, but with recent increases in double-layer capacitor energy storage levers, higher power applications have become a real possibility. This paper examines the design of a capacitor bank interfaced to a constant power road through a dc-dc converter. A numerical procedure has been implemented in a program,which determines the dependence of run time, efficiency, and energy utilization on the capacitor array dimensions, given the empirically determined capacitor parameters as well as a specified converter output power. Capacitor bank design calculations made using this numerical procedure have been verified using a commercial dc-dc converter. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Spyker, RL (reprint author), USAF, Power Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 194 EP 198 DI 10.1109/28.821815 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 281TJ UT WOS:000085176600028 ER PT J AU Husain, I Radun, A Nairus, J AF Husain, I Radun, A Nairus, J TI Unbalanced force calculation in switched-reluctance machines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE radial forces; switched reluctance machines; switched reluctance modeling; unbalanced forces AB This paper presents a detailed analytical model for computing the radial magnetic forces that arise in switched reluctance machines (SRM's). The model is general and includes iron saturation, displacements of the rotor from its center location, and arbitrary angular rotor positions. The force between an individual stator pole and its corresponding rotor pole is calculated. The model is used to calculate the unbalanced magnetic forces on the SRM rotor, due to the rotor being displaced from its center location, by calculating the difference in the radial magnetic forces on opposite stator poles. The calculation of the unbalanced magnetic rotor forces requires an especially accurate model for the radial magnetic forces since the unbalanced forces are the difference between the two large radial forces on opposite sides of the rotor. The side pull created by the unbalanced forces will stress the bearings of the motor. The detailed analytical model presented here will simplify the bearing system design and will be especially useful if less stiff magnetic bearings are being employed. Finite-element analysis is used to validate the detailed analytical model. This same model for calculating the radial magnetic forces can be used as the input to a calculation of stator yoke ovulation due to radial magnetic forces and of the resulting acoustical noise production. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Elect Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Elect Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Husain, I (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Elect Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 7 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1109/20.822543 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 288NR UT WOS:000085569600013 ER PT B AU Arnold, DG Sturtz, K AF Arnold, DG Sturtz, K GP IEEE, COMP SOC IEEE, COMP SOC TI Complexity analysis of ATR algorithms based on invariants SO IEEE WORKSHOP ON COMPUTER VISION BEYOND THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE Workshop on Computer Vision Beyond the Visible Spectrum: Methods and Applications CY JUN 16, 2000 CL HILTON HEAD ISL, SC SP IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Comp Soc Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence ID CONFIGURATIONS AB Recent research in the calculation and exploitation of geometric object/image relations suggests new approaches to automatic target recognition (ATR). The resulting conceptual advances have efficiently solved the geometry problem and have transformed the ATR problem into a correspondence problem. This paper provides an analysis of the elementary algorithms which exploit object/image relations as a basis for object recognition. The goal is to develop an understanding for the critical components to address for developing a practical system. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Arnold, DG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0640-2 PY 2000 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1109/CVBVS.2000.855247 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ59Q UT WOS:000088908600003 ER PT B AU Gabig, SJ Wilson, K Collins, PJ Terzuoli, AJ Nesti, G Fortuny, J AF Gabig, SJ Wilson, K Collins, PJ Terzuoli, AJ Nesti, G Fortuny, J BE Stein, TI TI Validation of near-field monostatic to bistatic equivalence theorem SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB The purpose of this research is to quantitatively determine the limits of Falconer's Monostatic to Bistatic Equivalence Theorem (MBET). Falconer developed two extensions to Kell's MBET, one applicable to near zone data and one valid in the far zone region. This work encompassed collecting and analyzing both monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) data for perfect electric conducting (PEC) objects, Specifically, this research analyzes the effects of varying the parameters of transmission frequency, object shape complexity, and receiver bistatic angle. Objects range in geometric complexity from canonical objects comprised of simple scatterers to multifaceted composites that sustain numerous interactions. Empirical data collected in the far zone are compared to analytical predictions produced by commercially available electromagnetic computer codes, both a method of moments (MoM) code and a near-field Physical Optics code. The codes ran at X-band through K-band frequencies for a comparison with object data. Further, the empirical bistatic data are compared to the estimate produced by the MBET, to ascertain the region in which the MBET approximation is applicable. Finally, electromagnetic computer codes are used to produce near-field scattering predictions to facilitate validation of Falconer's near-field MBET. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. RP Gabig, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, POB 3402, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1012 EP 1014 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000327 ER PT B AU Cooley, T AF Cooley, T BE Stein, TI TI Validation and experiment plans for a space based hyperspectral imaging system SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB The Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/VS) has partnered with Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC) to complement the commercial satellite's high-resolution panchromatic imaging and Multispectral imaging (MSI) systems with a moderate resolution Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) camera titled Warfighter-1 (WF-1). The program is an advanced technology demonstration utilizing a commercially based space capability to provide unique functionality in remote sensing technology with spectral-spatial data across the visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared spectral regions. The HSI system will be able to detect and classify spectral features and anomalies from the spectral signature measured by the HSI camera. A comprehensive effort is underway to characterize, calibrate and validate the Warfighter-1 sensor, processing and exploitation products. Validation efforts and selected sites, which focus on the evaluation of target detection and terrain classification algorithms, are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cooley, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1382 EP 1384 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000447 ER PT J AU Cassady, CR Bowden, RO Liew, L Pohl, EA AF Cassady, CR Bowden, RO Liew, L Pohl, EA TI Combining preventive maintenance and statistical process control: a preliminary investigation SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID (X)OVER-BAR CONTROL CHARTS; PULL PRODUCTION SYSTEM; ECONOMIC DESIGN; MODELS; SIMULATION; STRATEGIES; OPTIMIZE AB The economic design of control charts and the optimization of preventive maintenance policies are two research areas that have recently received a great deal of attention in the quality and reliability literature. Both of these research areas are focused on reducing the costs associated with operating manufacturing processes. In addition, it is widely recognized that the maintenance of manufacturing equipment and the quality of manufactured product are related. However, these two research areas are rarely integrated. In this paper, a combined control chart-preventive maintenance strategy is defined for a process which shifts to an out-of-control condition due to a manufacturing equipment failure. An Xmacr chart is used in conjunction with an age-replacement preventive maintenance policy to achieve a reduction in operating costs that is superior to the reduction achieved by using only the control chart or the preventive maintenance policy. This superior cost performance is demonstrated using a simulation-optimization approach. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mississippi State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, POB 9542, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM cassady@engr.msstate.edu NR 37 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0740-817X EI 1545-8830 J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PY 2000 VL 32 IS 6 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1080/07408170008963924 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 289KX UT WOS:000085621100001 ER PT S AU Power, GJ AF Power, GJ BE Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI Motion compensation for electro-optical line scanner sensors using incomplete data SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM INCOMPLETE DATA SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Soc Ind & Appl Math DE matched filtering; Motion compensation; image reconstruction; hyperspectral; electro-optical sensors; airborne sensors AB When imaging the ground from the air, distortions can occur if the imagery was created from an electro-optical line scanner pointing to nadir and mounted on the bottom of all airborne platform. The inability of the aircraft to maintain a perfect trajectory can cause the distortions. In the worst case scenario, camera stabilizers fail, no geographical reference or navigation data is available, and the sensor periodically fails leaving incomplete data for image reconstruction. Motion compensation can restore the images. This paper describes various distortions that can be created for an airborne nadir-aimed line scanner. A motion-compensation technique is introduced that combines multiple cues from geographical reference and navigation data as well as line-scan matched filtering. A semi-automated restoration implementation is introduced followed by the automated line-scan matched filter implementation. These various compensation techniques provide backup for each other thus creating a more efficient motion-compensation system. Even in the worst case scenario, the system continues to attempt motion compensation using an optimal line-scan matched filtering technique. The results of using this automated technique for motion compensation is demonstrated using simulated high-definition imagery and then using actual electro-optical and hyperspectral images that were obtained from the Dynamic Data Base (DDB) program sponsored LS the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Power, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3768-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4123 BP 142 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.409265 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR51M UT WOS:000166690600016 ER PT S AU Czyzak, SR Idell, PS Crawford, LL AF Czyzak, SR Idell, PS Crawford, LL BE Bilbro, JW Breckinridge, JB Carreras, RA Czyzak, SR Eckart, MJ Fiete, RD Idell, PS TI Future of dual-use space awareness technologies SO IMAGING TECHNOLOGY AND TELESCOPES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Technology and Telescopes CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE space awareness; active sensing; passive sensing; radar; laser; ladar; dual-use technology AB The use of all classes of space systems, whether owned by defense, civil, commercial, scientific, allied or foreign organizations, is increasing rapidly. In turn, the surveillance of such systems and activities in space are of interest to all parties. Interests will only increase in time and with the new ways to exploit the space environment. However, the current space awareness infrastructure and capabilities are not maintaining pace with the demands and advanced technologies being brought on line. The use of surveillance technologies, some of which will be discussed in the conference, will provide us the eventual capability to observe and assess the environment, satellite health and status, and the uses of assets on orbit. This provides us a space awareness that is critical to the military operator and to the commercial entrepreneur for their respective successes. Thus the term "dual-use technologies" has become a reality. For this reason we will briefly examine the background, current, and future technology trends that can lead us to some insights for future products and services. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Czyzak, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3736-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4091 BP 152 EP 158 DI 10.1117/12.405798 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BR14Y UT WOS:000165734600018 ER PT S AU Phillipson, D Wright, LA AF Phillipson, D Wright, LA BE Bilbro, JW Breckinridge, JB Carreras, RA Czyzak, SR Eckart, MJ Fiete, RD Idell, PS TI Analysis of post-launch satellite anomalies using the IDASS data exploitation workstation SO IMAGING TECHNOLOGY AND TELESCOPES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Technology and Telescopes CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB The primary objective of this effort was to provide near real-time on-site analysis of optical and radar imagery to the Launch Team for the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS) located on Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque NM. The imagery was collected during the initial orbits of the ARGOS satellite after being launched from Vandenburg AFB, California on 23 Feb 1999. Secondary objectives were to demonstrate the feasibility of such support, to evaluate the usefulness of the capability, and to determine the requirements to permanently establish such a capability. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Phillipson, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3736-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4091 BP 183 EP 186 DI 10.1117/12.405775 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BR14Y UT WOS:000165734600021 ER PT S AU Gerwe, DR Lee, DJ Barchers, JD AF Gerwe, DR Lee, DJ Barchers, JD BE Bilbro, JW Breckinridge, JB Carreras, RA Czyzak, SR Eckart, MJ Fiete, RD Idell, PS TI Supersampling multiframe blind deconvolution resolution enhancement of adaptive optics compensated imagery of LEO satellites SO IMAGING TECHNOLOGY AND TELESCOPES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Technology and Telescopes CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE multiframe blind deconvolution; image restoration and estimation; adaptive optics; aliasing; undersampling; satellite imagery ID PHASE-DIVERSE SPECKLE; MYOPIC DECONVOLUTION; ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES; RECONSTRUCTION; ALGORITHM; NOISE AB A post-processing methodology for reconstructing undersampled image sequences with randomly varying blur is described which can provide image enhancement beyond the sampling resolution of the sensor. This method is demonstrated on simulated imagery and on adaptive optics compensated imagery taken by the Starfire Optical Range 3.5 meter telescope that has been artificially undersampled. Also shown are the results of multiframe blind deconvolution of some of the highest quality optical imagery of low earth orbit satellites collected with a ground based telescope to date. The algorithm used is a generalization of multiframe blind deconvolution techniques which includes a representation of spatial sampling by the focal plane array elements in the forward stochastic model of the imaging system.; This generalization enables the random shifts and shape of the adaptive compensated PSF to be used to partially eliminate the aliasing effects associated with sub-Nyquist sampling of the image by the focal plane array. The method could be used to reduce resolution loss which occurs when imaging in wide FOV modes. C1 Boeing Lasers & Elect Opt Syst, Canoga Pk, CA 90319 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DES, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gerwe, DR (reprint author), Boeing Lasers & Elect Opt Syst, 6633 Canoga Ave,MC WB63, Canoga Pk, CA 90319 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3736-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4091 BP 187 EP 205 DI 10.1117/12.405776 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BR14Y UT WOS:000165734600022 ER PT S AU Talent, DL Maeda, R Walton, S Sydney, P Hsu, YL Cameron, B Kervin, P Helin, E Pravdo, S Lawrence, K Rabinowitz, D AF Talent, DL Maeda, R Walton, S Sydney, P Hsu, YL Cameron, B Kervin, P Helin, E Pravdo, S Lawrence, K Rabinowitz, D BE Bilbro, JW Breckinridge, JB Carreras, RA Czyzak, SR Eckart, MJ Fiete, RD Idell, PS TI A new home for NEAT on the 1.2-m/B37 at AMOS SO IMAGING TECHNOLOGY AND TELESCOPES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Technology and Telescopes CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE space surveillance; asteroids; satellites; NEAT; metrics AB The NASA/JPL Near Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) Program was in operation using the Maul GEODSS as its observing platform for about three years starting in late 1995 and continuing into 1998. In October of 1998 the NASA/AFSPC Near Earth Object Working Group (NEOWG) recommended that the NASA/JPL NEAT program be moved to the AMOS 1.2m/B37 telescope. This paper describes the technical efforts that were required to facilitate the move. The task requirements specified that the modified 1.2m/B37 system be capable of producing a field of view (FOV) greater than or equal to 1.4 degrees X 1.4 degrees at the NEAT camera focal plane. Further, it was specified that no modifications be made to the 1.2m/B37 mirror or the NASA/JPL camera. Thus, activity focused on the development of suitable focal reduction optics (FRO). A new headring and spider, based on the original design, were also built to receive the NEAT FRO and the NASA/JPL camera. Operation of the NEAT system, for asteroid search and discovery, will be autonomous and remotely directed from NASA/JPL. Finally, the potential for use of the NEAT system as regards the satellite metric mission will also be presented. C1 Boeing Rocketdyne Tech Serv, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. Boeing Corp, Canoga Park, CA 91309 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Talent, DL (reprint author), Boeing Rocketdyne Tech Serv, 535 Lipoa Pkwy,Suite 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3736-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4091 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1117/12.405779 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BR14Y UT WOS:000165734600025 ER PT S AU Sydney, P Africano, J Fredericks, A Hamada, K SooHoo, V Nishimoto, D Kervin, P Bisque, S Bisque, M AF Sydney, P Africano, J Fredericks, A Hamada, K SooHoo, V Nishimoto, D Kervin, P Bisque, S Bisque, M BE Bilbro, JW Breckinridge, JB Carreras, RA Czyzak, SR Eckart, MJ Fiete, RD Idell, PS TI Raven automated small telescope systems SO IMAGING TECHNOLOGY AND TELESCOPES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Technology and Telescopes CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE space surveillance; asteroids; satellites; Raven; metrics AB The Raven optical sensor is a commercial system being developed and tested by the Air Force Research Laboratory. It allows for a low cost method for obtaining high accuracy angular observations of space objects (manmade and celestial) with a standard deviation of approximately one arcsecond or less. Presented here is an overview of the past and present successes and future projects utilizing Raven. This system has evolved into a very viable and cost effective solution for obtaining low-cost observations for satellite and asteroid catalog and follow-up maintenance. Collaborative efforts between AFRL and several space agencies (JPL, NASA, Space Battlelab, Canadian Defense Ministry, etc) have successfully demonstrated and utilized the Raven system for their missions, including improved satellite orbit determination accuracy, NEO follow-ups, and remote, autonomous collecting and reporting of metric data on deep space objects. C1 Boeing Rocketdyne Tech Serv, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. Oceanit Inc, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. Software Bisque, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sydney, P (reprint author), Boeing Rocketdyne Tech Serv, 535 Lipoa Pkwy,Suite 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3736-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4091 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1117/12.405780 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BR14Y UT WOS:000165734600026 ER PT S AU Voelz, D Sellers, J Hanes, S Rotge, J Shargorodsky, V Shevchenko, V Vasiliev, V Burmistov, VA AF Voelz, D Sellers, J Hanes, S Rotge, J Shargorodsky, V Shevchenko, V Vasiliev, V Burmistov, VA BE Bilbro, JW Breckinridge, JB Carreras, RA Czyzak, SR Eckart, MJ Fiete, RD Idell, PS TI US/Russian micro-satellite for calibration of active ground-based optical collectors SO IMAGING TECHNOLOGY AND TELESCOPES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Technology and Telescopes CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE satellite; micro-satellite; retro-reflector; corner-cube; laser ranging; laser imaging; laser remote sensing; satellite illumination AB A micro-satellite, designed to aid ground-based laser imaging, ranging, and sensing systems as a calibration target, has been constructed and is scheduled to be launched in the fall of 2000. This low-earth orbit satellite carries a set of retro-reflectors (for visible and near-infrared wavelengths) that present a spatially extended target to sites on the ground. Several of the reflectors also impart a polarization signature to the reflected laser light. This paper discusses the specifications of the retroreflectors, positioning of the reflectors on the satellite structure, passive control of the vehicle orientation, and ground-pattern characteristics of the reflected light. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, London, England. Boeing N Amer, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sci Res Inst Precis Device Engn, Moscow 111250, Russia. RP Voelz, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3736-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4091 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1117/12.405786 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BR14Y UT WOS:000165734600031 ER PT S AU Gamiz, VL Holmes, RB Czyzak, SR Voelz, DG AF Gamiz, VL Holmes, RB Czyzak, SR Voelz, DG BE Bilbro, JW Breckinridge, JB Carreras, RA Czyzak, SR Eckart, MJ Fiete, RD Idell, PS TI GLINT: Program overview and potential science objectives SO IMAGING TECHNOLOGY AND TELESCOPES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Technology and Telescopes CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB The GEO Light Imaging National Testbed (GLINT) system will image objects in geosynchronous and semi-synchronous orbits using a synthetic aperture technique known as Fourier Telescopy. The testbed will be located in the vicinity of Socorro, New Mexico, and will form one of the most powerful imaging systems on Earth in terms of resolution, with an angular resolution of about 10 nano-radians, or 2 milli-are seconds. Various parts of the system have strong similarities to astronomical instruments, and these similarities can be exploited to perform long-baseline interferometry, long-baseline intensity interferometry, gamma-ray observation, stellar spectrometry, and remote sensing with unprecedented sensitivities and state-of-the-art resolution. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Nutron Inc, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. RP Gamiz, VL (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, 3550 Aberdeen S E Bldg, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3736-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4091 BP 304 EP 315 DI 10.1117/12.405789 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BR14Y UT WOS:000165734600034 ER PT S AU Junor, B Restaino, SR AF Junor, B Restaino, SR BE Bilbro, JW Breckinridge, JB Carreras, RA Czyzak, SR Eckart, MJ Fiete, RD Idell, PS TI Image recovery from triple product data using maximum entropy SO IMAGING TECHNOLOGY AND TELESCOPES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Technology and Telescopes CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE imaging; triple products; phase recovery algorithms AB We have investigated an obvious extension of maximum entropy imaging to use triple product data directly rather than by first decomposing the triple products into complex visibilities. This approach may have some advantages for ground-based, optical Michelson interferometry where the visibilities are usually corrupted by atmospheric turbulence. Another advantage of the method is that other a priori information from earlier observing runs or different instruments may be included readily; indeed, the total flux density of the image is required as a constraint. C1 Boeing Co, Kirtland AFB, NM 87185 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DEBS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Junor, B (reprint author), Boeing Co, Kirtland AFB, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3736-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4091 BP 316 EP 322 DI 10.1117/12.405790 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BR14Y UT WOS:000165734600035 ER PT S AU Hasson, V Corbett, F Kovacs, M Groden, M Hogenboom, D Dryden, G Pohle, R Phipps, C Werling, D Czyak, S Gonglewski, J Campbell, J AF Hasson, V Corbett, F Kovacs, M Groden, M Hogenboom, D Dryden, G Pohle, R Phipps, C Werling, D Czyak, S Gonglewski, J Campbell, J BE Bilbro, JW Breckinridge, JB Carreras, RA Czyzak, SR Eckart, MJ Fiete, RD Idell, PS TI Use of laser radar for small space object experiments SO IMAGING TECHNOLOGY AND TELESCOPES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Technology and Telescopes CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE CO2 coherent ladar; HICLASS; Maul Space Surveillance System AB This report briefly reviews the development, capabilities, and current status of pulsed high-power coherent CO2 laser radar systems at the Maul Space Surveillance System (MSSS), HI, for acquisition, tracking, and sizing of orbiting objects. There are two HICLASS systems, one integrated to the 0.6m Laser Beam Director and one just integrated Summer 2000 to the 3.7m Advanced E-O System (AEOS). This new system takes full advantage of the large AEOS aperture to substantially improve the ladar range and sensitivity. These improvements make the AEOS HICLASS system potentially suitable for tracking and characterization experiments of small < 30cm objects in low-earth-orbits. C1 Textron Syst Corp, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA. Textron Syst Corp, Kihei, HI USA. Photon Assoc, Santa Fe, NM USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hasson, V (reprint author), Textron Syst Corp, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3736-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4091 BP 363 EP 374 DI 10.1117/12.405796 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BR14Y UT WOS:000165734600040 ER PT S AU Latham, WP Cooley, WT Vansuch, GJ Salvi, TC AF Latham, WP Cooley, WT Vansuch, GJ Salvi, TC BE Mawst, LJ Martinelli, RU TI US DoD interests in in-plane semiconductor lasers SO IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers IV CY JAN 24-25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE AB The United States government and industry have a long standing interest in developing high power inplane semiconductor Lasers for a variety of applications. These include material processing, long range sensing, and long range communications. The wavelength depends on the application, and sometimes on eye safety considerations. Key development goals are high brightness and high efficiency. This paper will review some of the applications, key laser performance features desired, and some of the accomplishments in high power diode lasers from the High Power Semiconductor Laser Technology program. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Latham, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3564-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3947 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.382083 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ18T UT WOS:000087384400001 ER PT S AU Brown, GJ Mahalingam, K Saxler, A Linville, R Szmulowicz, F Seaford, ML Tomich, DH Lin, CH Kuo, CH Hwang, WY AF Brown, GJ Mahalingam, K Saxler, A Linville, R Szmulowicz, F Seaford, ML Tomich, DH Lin, CH Kuo, CH Hwang, WY BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI Type-II InAs/InGaSb superlattices on compliant GaAs substrates SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICE; INFRARED PHOTODIODES; GASB AB Type-II InAs/GaInSb superlattices of different designs have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on wafer bonded InGaAs on GaAs, and on standard GaSb substrates. The extremely thin (similar to 100 Angstrom) InGaAs layer is loosely bonded to the GaAs substrate and serves as a compliant layer for subsequent epitaxy of a larger lattice constant material. The effects of these substrates on the optical, electrical, and structural properties of the superlattice were studied. The superlattices grown on bonded substrates were found to have uniform layers, with broader x-ray linewidths than superlattices grown on GaSb. The photoresponse results for the superlattices on the bonded 2 inch diameter substrates, with the InGaAs compliant layer, were not as favorable as early work on similar, smaller area, bonded substrates. However, refinements to the wafer bonding process to eliminate microvoids between the bonded layers will provide higher quality superlattices. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Appl Optoelect Inc, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500015 ER PT S AU Szmulowicz, F Shen, A Liu, HC Brown, GJ Wasilewski, ZR Buchanan, M AF Szmulowicz, F Shen, A Liu, HC Brown, GJ Wasilewski, ZR Buchanan, M BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI Temperature dependence of photoresponse in p-type GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells: Theory and experiment SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ENVELOPE-FUNCTION APPROXIMATION; CONTINUUM INFRARED-ABSORPTION; HOLE INTERSUBBAND ABSORPTION; GENERAL EXPRESSION; PHOTODETECTORS; BAND AB This paper describes a study of the photoresponse of long-wavelength (LWIR) and midinfrared (MWIR) p-type GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) as a function of temperature and QWIP parameters. Using an 8x8 envelope-function model (EFA), we designed and calculated the optical absorption of several bound-to-continuum (BC) structures, with the optimum designs corresponding to the second light hole level (LH2) coincident with the top of the well. For the temperature-dependent study, one non-optimized LWIR and one optimized MWIR samples were grown by MBE and their photoresponse and absorption characteristics measured to test the theory. The theory shows that the placement of the LH2 resonance at the top of the well for the optimized sample and the presence of light-holelike quasi-bound states within the heavy-hole continuum for the nonoptimized sample account for their markedly different thermal and polarization characteristics. In particular, the theory predicts that, for the LWIR sample, the LPI-like quasi-bound states should lead to an increased P-polarized photoresponse as a function of temperature. Our temperature dependent photoresponse measurements corroborate most of the theoretical findings with respect to the long-wavelength threshold, shape, and polarization and temperature dependence of the spectra. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 187 EP 198 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500026 ER PT S AU Gingrich, HS Morath, C Manasreh, MO Ballet, P Smathers, JB Salamo, GJ Jagadish, C AF Gingrich, HS Morath, C Manasreh, MO Ballet, P Smathers, JB Salamo, GJ Jagadish, C BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI Thermal annealing recovery of intersubband transition in proton-irradiated GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As multiple quantum wells SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; ION-IMPLANTATION; DAMAGE; ALXGA1-XAS AB Optical absorption spectra of intersubband transitions in heavily proton irradiated n-type GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells were studied as a function of isochronal and isothermal annealing. The absorption spectra of intersubband transitions were depleted in samples irradiated with 1 MeV proton doses higher than 1.0x10(14) cm(-2) Thermal annealing of the irradiated samples show that the intersubband transitions are recovered. The relatively lower annealing temperatures at which the recovery is observed indicate that the irradiation-induced defects that trapped the two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum wells are vacancy and interstitial related defects. Once these traps are thermally annealed the electrons are released back to the quantum wells, resulting in the recovery of the intersubband transitions. C1 USAF, AFRL VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gingrich, HS (reprint author), USAF, AFRL VSSS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500030 ER PT S AU Smith, SR Evwaraye, AO Ohmer, MC Drevinsky, PJ Bliss, DF AF Smith, SR Evwaraye, AO Ohmer, MC Drevinsky, PJ Bliss, DF BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI Thermal admittance studies of electron-irradiated CdGeAs2 SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SCHOTTKY BARRIERS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Brudnyi, et al.(1), and Zwieback, et al.(2), have shown that introducing damage by irradiation with MeV electrons can alter the electrical and optical properties of undoped p-type CdGeAs2 (CGA) crystals. Brudnyi's studies of the electrical transport properties of isochronally annealed samples demonstrated type conversion and identified at least two new centers, one a stable donor. Zwieback used multi-MeV electrons to introduce compensating donors, thereby, significantly improving the optical transparency of CGA crystals. However, at the present little is known about these centers. Therefore, we have studied these centers by observing the properties of electron-irradiated specimens using Thermal Admittance Spectroscopy (TAS) and correlated the results of these measurements with capacitance-voltage measurements and Hall effect measurements. Measurements before an after irradiation are compared. The as-grown native acceptor concentrations in our samples varied from a low in the mid 10(16) cm(-3) to nearly 10(19) cm(-3). Significant changes in the electrically active states in the band gap were seen as a result of a single irradiation with 2 MeV electrons to a total dose of 5 x 10(15)cm(-2). The samples appear to respond more strongly than Brudnyi's samples. The thermal activation energies have been determined using TAS and they will be reported. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 403 EP 407 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500057 ER PT S AU Brown, GJ Dennis, CL Ohmer, MC Burger, A AF Brown, GJ Dennis, CL Ohmer, MC Burger, A BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI Photoresponse of tellurium rich TexSe(1-x) nonlinear optical semiconductors SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID FILMS; GAP AB The optical properties of TexSe(1-x) were studied for x = 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0. The results for variable temperature, polarization sensitive, spectral photoconductivity measurements on oriented single crystals, as well as the energy band gaps and their temperature dependencies are presented. In all cases, the band gap was found to increase with increasing temperature. Analytical expressions describing the temperature dependent behavior are reported. Furthermore, for the first time the characteristic two peak spectrum of tellurium was separated into its two components for incident radiation polarized parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis as a function of temperature. However, two distinct peaks were not discernible in the alloys, with or without polarization, although the signal intensity was slightly polarization dependent. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500059 ER PT S AU Zelmon, DE Hanning, EA Schunemann, P AF Zelmon, DE Hanning, EA Schunemann, P BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI Refractive index measurements and new Sellmeir coefficients of zinc germanium phosphide from 2-9 microns with implications for phase matching in optical parametric oscillators SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ZNGEP2 AB Recent experiments in mid IR frequency conversion have revealed that older Sellmeir models for zinc germanium phosphide are inadequate. Erroneous predictions in phase matching angles based on older refractive index data have resulted in compromised device performance. We have conducted a complete study of the refractive indices of zinc germanium phosphide from 2 to 9 microns and calculated new Sellmeir coefficients. We have used these to explain the results of recent experiments with mid IR optical parametric oscillators. The phase matching calculations based on our new refractive index data predict much more closely the results of several different mid IR frequency conversion experiments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL,MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zelmon, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL,MLPO, 3005 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 451 EP 456 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500065 ER PT S AU Smith, SR Evwaraye, AO Ohmer, MC Saxler, AW Godlstein, JT Solomon, J Schunemann, PG AF Smith, SR Evwaraye, AO Ohmer, MC Saxler, AW Godlstein, JT Solomon, J Schunemann, PG BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI Analysis of Cr-doped CdGeAs2 using thermal admittance spectroscopy SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SCHOTTKY BARRIERS AB The optical and electrical properties of chrome-doped CdGeAs2(CGA), an important non-linear optical material, are reported. CGA, a chalcopyrite semiconductor of the pseudo-III-V type, is a close ternary analog to GaAs, possessing significant differences. To date, the electrical and optical properties of as-grown undoped CGA have been controlled by a somewhat shallow dominant residual acceptor which it is the source of significant undesirable optical absorption. Highly transparent semi-insulating CGA should be attainable using compensation and counterdoping schemes similar to those used for GaAs. However, identifying suitable deep and shallow n-type and p-type dopants will require extensive empirical studies. As a starting point of survey to find deep levels, the properties of CGA:Cr have been investigated. Cr is a reasonable choice as it has been used extensively to provide a deep level in GaAs. Thermal Admittance Spectroscopy was used to examine the electrically active levels in this material. These measurements were correlated with temperature dependent Hall effect measurements, and IR absorption measurements. SIMS analysis was utilized to estimate the Cr concentration as the segregation coefficient for Cr in CGA has not been reported.. The results show that there is a p-type level introduced into the band gap at about 0.16 eV above the valence band, a value nominally 50% deeper than that of the native acceptor. The background doping as measured by Capacitance-Voltage measurements was determined to be 8 x 10(16) cm(-3) near the surface, and 1.0 x 10(17) cm(-3) in the built. These results are compared to similar measurements in undoped material. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 465 EP 470 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500067 ER PT S AU Morath, CP Manasreh, MO Gingrich, HS von Bardeleben, HJ Ballet, P Smathers, JB Salamo, GJ AF Morath, CP Manasreh, MO Gingrich, HS von Bardeleben, HJ Ballet, P Smathers, JB Salamo, GJ BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI Degradation of intersubband transitions in electron irradiated GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells with superlattice barriers SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION; PROTON IRRADIATION; GAAS; DEFECTS AB Intersubband transitions in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) are studied as a function of 2 MeV electron irradiation doses using the optical absorption technique. The MQW structure was designed with a 5 period Al.4Ga.6As/GaAs superlattice barrier, and two transitions are observed in the spectra. These transitions occur from the ground stale to the first excited state and to the miniband formed by the superlattice barrier. The total integrated area from both transition spectra are studied as a function of temperature and electron irradiation dose. For the ground state to first excited state transition the total integrated area decreases exponentially as the irradiation dose increases, which could be explained in terms of the trapping of the 2D-electron gas in the quantum well by the irradiation induced defects. In comparison, the intensity of the ground state to miniband transition was found to increase exponentially as a function of the irradiation dose. Two possible explanations for this behavior are suggested. The temperature dependence of the integrated area of both transitions is also presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Morath, CP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSSS, 3500 Aberdeen Ave,SE,Bldg 426, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 503 EP 508 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500071 ER PT S AU Hasegawa, K AF Hasegawa, K BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Strojnik, M TI Advanced warning system risk reduction experiments - The multispectral measurements program (MSMP) and the balloon altitude mosaic measurements (BAMM) SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXVI CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB MSMP and BAMM were commissioned by the Air Force Space Division (AFSD) in the late seventies to generate data in support of the Advanced Warning System (AWS), a development activity to replace the space-based surveillance satellites of the Defense Support Program (DSP). These programs were carried out by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory with planning and mentoring by Irving Spiro of The Aerospace Corporation, acting on behalf of the program managers, 1st Lt. Todd Frantz, 1st Lt. Gordon Frantom, and 1st Lt. Ken Hasegawa of the technology program office at AFSD. The motivation of MSMP was the need for characterizing the exhaust plumes of the thrusters aboard post-boost vehicles, a primary target for the infrared sensors of the proposed AWS system. To that end, the experiments consisted of a series of Aries rocket launches from White Sands Missile Range in which dual payloads were carried aloft and separately deployed at altitudes above 100 km. One module contained an ensemble of sensors spanning the spectrum from the vacuum ultraviolet to the long wave infrared, all slaved to an rf tracker locked onto a beacon on the target module. The target was a small pressure-fed liquid-propellant rocket engine, a modified Atlas vernier, programmed for a series of maneuvers in the vicinity of the instrument module. As part of this program, diagnostic measurements of the target engine exhaust were made at Rocketdyne, and shock tube experiments on excitation processes were carried out by staff members of Calspan. The motivation for BAMM was to collect relevant background data in candidate spectral bands using a staring mosaic sensor carried aloft in a high altitude balloon in a footprint comparable to that projected for the operational sensors. These programs were remarkably productive; three MSMP flights were comp feted, acquiring data at all wavelengths, a considerable database was accumulated in several BAMM missions, and the supporting ground and laboratory tests were likewise successful. This report, detailing the experiments and summarizing the results, was written as a tribute to Irv. C1 USAF, Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Los Angeles AFB, CA 90005 USA. RP Hasegawa, K (reprint author), USAF, Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Los Angeles AFB, CA 90005 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3775-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4130 BP 61 EP 85 DI 10.1117/12.409849 PG 25 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR89F UT WOS:000167921500010 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Hu, W Liang, S Fouflyguine, V Zhao, J Jia, QX Groves, JR Arendt, P Miranda, F Drehman, A Wang, S Yip, P AF Jiang, H Hu, W Liang, S Fouflyguine, V Zhao, J Jia, QX Groves, JR Arendt, P Miranda, F Drehman, A Wang, S Yip, P TI High quality BaxSr1-xTiO3 films grown by MOCLD and novel ferroelectric/ferrite structures for dual-tuning microwave devices SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE ferroelectric; ferrite; dual-tuning; microwave; buffer layer ID THIN-FILMS AB Excellent single crystal BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) films were grown on LaAlO3 substrates using the metal-organic chemical liquid deposition (MOCLD) method. Very low losses (tan delta similar to 0.002-0.008) were measured from these films at 400 KHz. Biaxially oriented BST films were successfully grown on polycrystalline YIG substrates using both MOCLD and pulsed laser deposition methods with biaxially oriented MgO and YSZ buffer layers. The dielectric losses of the films range from 0.005 to 0.015 while 25% of dielectric constant change was observed with 40V bias voltage up to 10 MHz. Both the dissipation and dielectric constant of the films remained nearly constants over a wide temperature range (77 K to 380 K). A dual-tuning microwave coplanar phase shifter using a BST film grown on a MgO buffered polycrystalline YIG substrate was fabricated. A significant phase shift was observed in GHz frequency range when an electric bias or a magnetic field was applied to the device. C1 NZ Appl Technol, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), NZ Appl Technol, 14A Gill St, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.1080/10584580008222221 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000007 ER PT J AU Biggers, R Kozlowski, G Jones, J Dempsey, D Kleismit, R Maartense, I Busbee, J Peterson, T Perrin, R AF Biggers, R Kozlowski, G Jones, J Dempsey, D Kleismit, R Maartense, I Busbee, J Peterson, T Perrin, R TI Process control and pulsed laser deposition of materials SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE process control; pulsed laser deposition; emission sensor; superconductor; ferroelectric AB Pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) is a very powerful and rapid deposition technique, which can produce exceptional-quality thin films. Although PLD has tremendous versatility and potential, PLD capabilities are still constrained by a lack of process control. At the Air Force Research Laboratory on-site at Wright-Patterson AFB, we are developing in-situ/real-time control methodologies for PLD and other thin-film deposition processes. We have identified appropriate sensors for closed-loop feedback control and utilized them with YBa2Cu3O7-x, (YBCO) to identify critical process control parameters. Control instrumentation has recently been improved by the addition of moveable fixed-position plume-emission sensors. The reproducibility of YBCO film quality increased significantly when process control was applied to PLD processing. PLD process control techniques were applied during simulated and actual BSTO depositions. A comparison of deposition control with the controlling sensor at different distances from the substrate heater position is discussed. Further process refinement using Lime-resolved spectral components of the PLD plume on subsequent film quality is also discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Biggers, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 211 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000018 ER PT S AU Gluck, KA Anderson, JR Douglass, SA AF Gluck, KA Anderson, JR Douglass, SA BE Gauthier, G Frasson, C VanLehn, K TI Broader bandwidth in student modeling: What if ITS were "eye" TS? SO INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS 2000) CY JUN, 2000 CL MONTREAL, CANADA AB The ability of an ITS to develop an accurate student model is inherently limited by the bandwidth of information available. We have completed an exploratory research project showing that eye movement data provide a means of broadening this bandwidth. This paper describes three examples in which more information about cognitive process is available from having access to a student's eye movements than is available simply from key presses and mouse clicks. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Gluck, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67655-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1839 BP 504 EP 513 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BS90A UT WOS:000171336100054 ER PT S AU Agee, FJ Gaudet, JA AF Agee, FJ Gaudet, JA BE Brandt, HE TI Progress in high power microwave (HPM) basic research at the air force research laboratory (AFRL) SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VII CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE high power microwaves; cathodes; explosive emission; ultra-wideband antennas; nonlinear analysis; photconductive semiconductor switch; spark gap switch ID BAND AB This paper describes the progress made in recent years in addressing the technological challenges that must be met to achieve high power microwave sources for a variety of purposes. Efforts are underway to increase the pulse width and power of high power microwave sources. Research in narrow band sources has progressed toward the juncture of high power and conventional tube technology. Ultra-wide band technology is at present focused on a number of promising avenues that will improve switching and antennas that promise to increase substantially the field strength projected at substantial range from the antenna. Efforts in both narrow band and ultra-wide band technology also seek to explore the potential for operating at increased pulse repetition frequency. This paper discusses these efforts and gives recommendations for future investment of research talent to these ends. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Agee, FJ (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3657-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4031 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.391791 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR51J UT WOS:000166690300001 ER PT S AU Shiffler, D Lacour, M Golby, K Sena, MD Umstattd, RJ Luginsland, J Hendricks, K Spencer, T Gibbs, A Ruebush, M Zagar, D AF Shiffler, D Lacour, M Golby, K Sena, MD Umstattd, RJ Luginsland, J Hendricks, K Spencer, T Gibbs, A Ruebush, M Zagar, D BE Brandt, HE TI Cathode testing at the Air Force Research Laboratory SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VII CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB An integral part of any vacuum rf device is the cathode. Many rf and microwave tubes utilize thermionic cathodes. However, these cathodes are generally limited to current densities less than 100 A/cm(2), a limitation too great for the majority of High Power Microwave (HPM) tubes. At the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate (AFRL/DE), we have to study a variety of explosive emission cathodes. This paper presents results on studies of several types of cathodes tested in a simple circular geometry. We also present results of research on different types of anode material. The data includes measurements of current, voltage, cathode lifetime, and cathode/anode out-gassing. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3657-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4031 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1117/12.391795 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR51J UT WOS:000166690300013 ER PT S AU Lehr, JM Baum, CE Bowen, L Elizondo, JM Ellibee, DE Farr, EG Prather, WD AF Lehr, JM Baum, CE Bowen, L Elizondo, JM Ellibee, DE Farr, EG Prather, WD BE Brandt, HE TI Progress in the development of the ferratron: A novel, repetitively rated, triggered spark gap switch with ultra low jitter SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VII CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE high power switches; triggered spark gap; ferroelectric; transient electromagnetics; high pulse repetition rate; picosecond; jitter; lens AB Low jitter, triggered spark gap switches are highly desirable components for a wide variety of High Power Microwave applications. In particular, this Switch enables a wide range of new applications ranging from protection circuitry to high power transient arrays that are currently technically infeasible with the considerable jitter associated with high power switches. The device presently under advanced development is a novel triggering scheme using a ferroelectric ceramic as the electron source coupled with a high gas flow rate which allows reliable triggering at low trigger voltages, even at high repetition rates. The switch chamber is tailored to reduce field stresses and provide a low inductance current path with a very compact geometry. The high gas flow rate allows the replacement of the gas in the discharge region within the time scale necessary to sustain the required repetition rates of up to 1000 Hz. Initial feasibility studies have demonstrated the new triggering scheme produces jitter of less than 70 ps, with an associated risetime of 500 ps at 1 Hz using nitrogen at low pressures. To demonstrate that the novel triggering mechanism is responsible for the ultra-low jitter, the switch was also configured in a conventional trigatron mode and the jitter measured to be approximately 250 ps. The Ferratron I prototype switch has proven the feasibility of a novel trigger configuration using ferroelectric ceramics by demonstrating an ultralow jitter. The triggering method uses the electrons emitted from the ferroelectric to create a ionized gas which is injected into the high electric field region of the interelectrode gap. The Ferratron I prototype however, is unoptimized for the desired fast risetime, high repetition rate operation, and to correct this deficiency, a new switch housing, the Ferratron II, has been designed. The Ferratron II is designed to launch a fast-risetime wave into an electrically large coaxial structure. The interface between the gas and oil insulators is accomplished with a polyethylene lens with one surface being a hyperboloid. The goal of the transition is to preserve the risetime of the wave as it transitions from gas to oil coax. Since the output coax is electrically large, optical methods are required to maintain a planar phase front in the coaxial output. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lehr, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3657-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4031 BP 154 EP 162 DI 10.1117/12.391796 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR51J UT WOS:000166690300014 ER PT S AU Gaudet, JA Luginsland, JW Wallace, CB AF Gaudet, JA Luginsland, JW Wallace, CB BE Brandt, HE TI Nonlinear characteristics (chaos) of High Power Microwave (HPM) sources SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VII CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE high power microwaves; deterministic chaos; time series analysis; nonlinear dynamics ID TIME-SERIES; PIERCE DIODE; MILO AB Recent advances in the understanding of dynamical systems and chaotic behavior have resulted in the investigation of HPM source design issues. Modern dynamical systems theory can improve our understanding of the dynamics of space charge dominated beams and the RF waveforms generated by them. This paper will review the work done to date using time series analysis techniques to study the state space dynamics of high power microwave sources using simulation (particle-in-cell) code results. Low-dimensional chaos has been observed in simulation results from a variety of HPM sources, including the MILO (Magnetically insulated Line Oscillator). Additionally, the particle behavior within the diode portion of HPM tubes can have chaotic characteristics. Knowing when these features occur and how they develop are important first steps in our ability to control and/or eliminate them. Central to understanding source behavior is the initial use of joint time frequency analysis to assess whether the dynamics are stationary or not. Subsequently we use delay coordinate embedding techniques to reconstruct an effective state space global dynamics. From this, Poincare sections are examined. Lyapunov exponents are then calculated to determine whether the behavior of the source is noise or deterministic chaos. C1 USAF, Res Lab, DEH, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gaudet, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DEH, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3657-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4031 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1117/12.391797 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR51J UT WOS:000166690300015 ER PT S AU Umstattd, RJ Shiffler, DA Baca, CA Hendricks, KJ Spencer, TA Luginsland, JW AF Umstattd, RJ Shiffler, DA Baca, CA Hendricks, KJ Spencer, TA Luginsland, JW BE Brandt, HE TI Design and implementation of a new UHV threshold cathode test facility SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VII CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE cathodes; explosive emission; diodes; high power microwaves; gap closure; pulse shortening ID FIELD-EMISSION CATHODES AB In support of cathode development at the Air Force Research Laboratory, a new ultra-high vacuum cathode test facility is being assembled to complement the existing repetition-rate test pulser. The existing test bed is a 500 kV, 100 Ohm, 1 mus duration pulser capable of firing at up to 1 Hz. The new facility is designed to operate at lower voltages (20-200 kV), lower impedance (50-75 Ohm), and variable pulse lengths (200-800 ns) in a single-shot mode. This Threshold Cathode Test Facility (TCTF) will be used to generate data regarding emission turn-on field strengths, outgassing Volumes and constituents, vacuum level effects, and anode effects for a variety of field-emitting and explosive-emitting cathode materials. Presented herein are the design parameters of TCTF including diagnostic capabilities and electrostatic simulations of the diode region both with and without beam current. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Plasma Phys Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Umstattd, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Plasma Phys Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3657-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4031 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1117/12.391799 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR51J UT WOS:000166690300017 ER PT J AU Hettinger, LJ Haas, MW AF Hettinger, LJ Haas, MW TI Current research in advanced cockpit display concepts SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Logicon Tech Serv Inc, Harvard, MA 01451 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hettinger, LJ (reprint author), Logicon Tech Serv Inc, 57 Myrick Lane, Harvard, MA 01451 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 227 EP 229 DI 10.1207/S15327108IJAP1003_01 PG 3 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 330TX UT WOS:000087978200001 ER PT J AU Olmos, O Wickens, CD Chudy, A AF Olmos, O Wickens, CD Chudy, A TI Tactical displays for combat awareness: An examination of dimensionality and frame of reference concepts and the application of cognitive engineering SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-OF-VIEW; ELEVATION ANGLE; MAP; VISUALIZATION; INFORMATION; NAVIGATION; COMPUTER AB Three prototype displays are contrasted for aircraft navigation and tactical hazard awareness: a conventional 2-D coplanar display, an exocentric (God's eye) 3-D display, and an immersed (pilot's eye) 3-D display coupled with a small scale global display. Strengths and weaknesses of each display type are discussed, related particularly to the ambiguity of perspective displays and to attention allocation problems with dual-display suites. In Experiment 1, 8 pilots flew with each of the displays around an airspace populated by waypoints, hazards, and traffic. Performance measures revealed the anticipated costs and benefits of each display type. In Experiment 2, cognitive engineering techniques of performance and cognitive task analysis were applied to remediate the weaknesses of each display type. Emphasis was placed on display enhancements to resolve 3-D ambiguity and visual momentum and cueing techniques to facilitate attention allocation and switching. Analysis of performance of 27 additional participants in flight path tracking and hazard awareness measures revealed success in application of the cognitive engineering principles, greatly attenuating the weaknesses of each display. C1 Univ Illinois, Aviat Res Lab, Savoy, IL 61874 USA. Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Wickens, CD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Aviat Res Lab, 1 Airport Rd, Savoy, IL 61874 USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 247 EP 271 DI 10.1207/S15327108IJAP1003_03 PG 25 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 330TX UT WOS:000087978200003 ER PT J AU Brickman, BJ Hettinger, LJ Haas, MW AF Brickman, BJ Hettinger, LJ Haas, MW TI Multisensory interface design for complex task domains: Replacing information overload with meaning in tactical crew stations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITUATION AWARENESS; DISPLAYS; NAVIGATION; MOTION; FRAME; SPEED AB Modern aerial combat represents a highly complex task domain that imposes many significant challenges on aviators. In modem cockpits there are more sources of dynamic information than any single pilot has the ability to attend to, let alone comprehend, all at once. As technological developments lead to the deployment of new weapons systems, the future aerial battlefield will inevitably yield increased levels of complexity. A significant challenge for cockpit designers is to devise pilot-vehicle interfaces that take full advantage of the parallel information extraction capabilities of humans through the use of integrated multisensory displays. This article describes an approach to multisensory display development that uses human performance evaluations as a design tool, and concludes with a description of a multisensory crew station designed by an interdisciplinary team. C1 Logicon Tech Serv Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brickman, BJ (reprint author), Logicon Tech Serv Inc, POB 317258, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. EM bbrickman@logicon.com NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 273 EP 290 DI 10.1207/S15327108IJAP1003_04 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 330TX UT WOS:000087978200004 ER PT J AU Hedge, JW Bruskiewicz, KT Borman, WC Hanson, MA Logan, KK Siem, FM AF Hedge, JW Bruskiewicz, KT Borman, WC Hanson, MA Logan, KK Siem, FM TI Selecting pilots with crew resource management skills SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB For years, pilot selection has focused primarily on the identification of individuals with superior flying skills and abilities. More recently, the aviation community has become increasingly aware that successful completion of a flight or mission requires not only flying skills but the ability to work well in a crew situation. This project involved development and validation of a crew resource management (CRM) skills test for Air Force transport pilots. A significant relation was found between the CRM skills test and behavior-based ratings of aircraft commander CRM performance, and the implications of these findings for CRM-based selection and training are discussed. C1 Personnel Decis Res Inst Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Hedge, JW (reprint author), Personnel Decis Res Inst Inc, 43 Main St,SE,Suite 405, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2000 VL 10 IS 4 BP 377 EP 392 DI 10.1207/S15327108IJAP1004_5 PG 16 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 359MB UT WOS:000089613700005 PM 11762442 ER PT J AU Liu, CT AF Liu, CT TI Effect of load history on damage characteristics near crack tips in a particulate composite material SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS LA English DT Article AB The damage field in a precracked particulate composite specimen subjected to a complex cyclic loading history was investigated using acoustic imaging techniques. The acoustic imaging data were analyzed to delineate the damage field ahead of the cracks tips and to generate contour plots of the damage intensity. The results of these analyses were compared and the effect of the loading history on the damage field discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSM, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 1056-7895 J9 INT J DAMAGE MECH JI Int. J. Damage Mech. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 9 IS 1 BP 40 EP 56 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 325ZN UT WOS:000087707400003 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Tao, YX Byrd, L AF Jiang, J Tao, YX Byrd, L TI Evaporative heat transfer from thin liquid film on a heated cylinder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB Simulating a porous surface that is partially saturated with a liquid, a two-dimensional meniscus attaching two adjacent cylinders with the same diameter is studied under heating and convective conditions. A thin liquid film model is presented to predict thin film thickness and evaporative heat transfer coefficient. Experiments are carried out to characterize the temperature and geometry of a liquid meniscus, The evaporating thin film length is determined from measured surface temperature and meniscus shape. The surface temperature data is correlated and used to derive the evaporative heat transfer coefficient with the aid of conjugate heat transfer using a finite element code. The results are compared reasonably with the thin film model. The effects of Bond number, spacing between cylinders and heating power on thin film geometry and heat transfer characteristics are discussed. Correlations to predict the evaporative heat transfer coefficient and ratio of evaporative heat transfer rate to total heat rate are presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Struct Dynam Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tao, YX (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 43 IS 1 BP 85 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00117-9 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 248FD UT WOS:000083263800008 ER PT J AU Lee, RW Jones, SA Kuniansky, EL Harvey, G Lollar, BS Slater, GF AF Lee, R. W. Jones, S. A. Kuniansky, E. L. Harvey, Gregory Lollar, B. Sherwood Slater, G. F. TI Phreatophyte Influence on Reductive Dechlorination in a Shallow Aquifer Contaminated with Trichloroethene (TCE) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; biodegradation; bioremediation; chlorinated solvents; trichloroethene AB Phytoremediation uses the natural ability of plants to degrade contaminants in groundwater. A field demonstration designed to remediate aerobic shallow groundwater contaminated with trichloroethene began in April 1996 with the planting of cottonwood trees, a short-rotation woody crop, over an approximately 0.2-ha area at the Naval Air Station, Fort Worth, Texas. The project was developed to demonstrate capture of contaminated groundwater and degradation of contaminants by phreatophytes. Analyses from samples of groundwater collected from July 1997 to June 1998 indicate that tree roots have the potential to create anaerobic conditions in the groundwater that will facilitate degradation of trichloroethene by microbially mediated reductive dechlorination. Organic matter from root exudates and decay of tree roots probably stimulate microbial activity, consuming dissolved oxygen. Dissolved oxygen concentrations, which varied across the site, were smallest near a mature cottonwood tree (about 20 years of age and 60 meters southwest of the cottonwood plantings) where degradation products of trichloroethene were measured. Oxidation of organic matter is the primary microbially mediated reaction occurring in the groundwater beneath the planted trees whereas near the mature cottonwood tree, data indicate that methanogenesis is the most probable reaction occurring. Reductive dechlorination in groundwater either is not occurring or is not a primary process away from the mature tree. Carbon-13 isotope values for trichloroethene are nearly identical at locations away from the mature tree, further confirming that dechlorination is not occurring at the site. C1 [Lee, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Jones, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Kuniansky, E. L.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Norcross, GA 30092 USA. [Harvey, Gregory] US Air Force, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Environm Management Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lollar, B. Sherwood; Slater, G. F.] Univ Toronto, Ctr Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. RP Lee, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 1445 Ross Ave, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. EM rwlee@usgs.gov; sajones@usgs.gov; elkunian@usgs.gov; gregory.harvey@wpafb.af.mil; bsl@quartz.geology.utoronto.ca; gfs@quartz.geology.utoronto.ca NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 3 BP 193 EP 211 DI 10.1080/15226510009359032 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JV UT WOS:000209016000002 ER PT J AU Shoales, GA German, RM AF Shoales, GA German, RM TI In situ strength evolution of P/M compacts during sintering SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POWDER METALLURGY LA English DT Article ID POWDER COMPACTS AB The fabrication of dimensionally precise powder metal components results frequently in a trial and error approach to determine the various process parameters. Not the least pf these parameters are the time and temperature profiles of the sintering cycle. These sintering variables, combined with furnace thermal gradients and component geometry, are usually ther key factor leading to distortion resides in the strength of the component and it is vital therefore to know how the strength of a green compact evolves during the sintering portion of the manufacturing process. A device and a method were developed to characterize the in situ evolution of strength in response to the thermal parameters of sintering. The specific strength investigated and modeled was transverse rupture. We have used the device to characterize successfully strength evolution in various ferrous and non-ferrous alloys as well as ceramics. This work presents the results for bronze compacts and represents the first success in modeling in situ strength evolution with respect to sintering time and temperature combinations that minimize distortion and improve dimensional tolerances. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Innovat Sintered Prod, CCSMD&S, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Shoales, GA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H2, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. OI German, Randall/0000-0002-5676-8532 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER POWDER METALLURGY INST PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0888-7462 J9 INT J POWDER METALL JI Int. J. Powder Metall. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 29 EP + PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 288DP UT WOS:000085546800005 ER PT J AU Probasco, DP Wolff, JM Copenhaver, WW Chriss, RM AF Probasco, DP Wolff, JM Copenhaver, WW Chriss, RM TI Axial spacing effects in a transonic compressor on the upstream vane loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TURBO & JET-ENGINES LA English DT Article AB A set of inlet guide vane (IGV) unsteady surface pressure measurements is presented. The unsteady aerodynamic effects of a highly loaded, high speed downstream compression stage on the upstream inlet guide vane/stator surface pressures are characterized by experimental analysis methods. The axial spacing between the IGV and rotor was varied between 12%, 26% and 56% of the rotor chord for a 105% speed near stall operating condition, which is transonic. Unsteady IGV surface pressures were acquired for two spanwise locations on both blade surfaces. Variations in axial spacing have significant influence on the magnitude and phase of the upstream pressure fluctuations. The largest unsteady surface pressure magnitude, 49.6 kPa, was obtained for the 12% axial spacing configuration at 75% span and 95% chord. Spanwise variation effects caused by the increased relative Mach number were measured. The upstream bow shock effect is strongly non-linear in character. The results of the study indicate significant variations in the IGV unsteady loading caused by axial spacing variations. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Probasco, DP (reprint author), ADAPCO Inc, Melville, NY 11747 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0334-0082 J9 INT J TURBO JET ENG JI Int. J. Turbo. Jet-Engines PY 2000 VL 17 IS 3 BP 197 EP 206 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 349KF UT WOS:000089043700002 ER PT J AU Dorney, DJ Lake, JP King, PI Ashpis, DE AF Dorney, DJ Lake, JP King, PI Ashpis, DE TI Experimental and numerical investigation of losses in low-pressure turbine blade rows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TURBO & JET-ENGINES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER-TRANSITION; TURBULENCE; SEPARATION; FLOWS AB Experimental data and numerical simulations of low-pressure turbines have shown that unsteady blade row interactions and separation can have a significant impact on the turbine efficiency. Measured turbine efficiencies at takeoff can be as much as two points higher than those at cruise conditions. Several recent studies have revealed that the performance of low-pressure turbine blades is a strong function of the Reynolds number. In the current investigation, experiments and simulations have been performed to study the behavior of a low-pressure turbine blade at several Reynolds numbers. Both the predicted and experimental results indicate increased cascade losses as the Reynolds number is reduced to the values associated with aircraft cruise conditions. tn addition, both sets of data show that tripping the boundary layer helps reduce the losses at lower Reynolds numbers. Overall, the predicted aerodynamic and performance results exhibit fair agreement with experimental data. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. AFRL, PRRS, Edwards AFB, CA USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Dorney, DJ (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0334-0082 J9 INT J TURBO JET ENG JI Int. J. Turbo. Jet-Engines PY 2000 VL 17 IS 4 BP 241 EP 253 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 359NE UT WOS:000089616300001 ER PT B AU Semiatin, SL Delo, DP Lowe, TC AF Semiatin, SL Delo, DP Lowe, TC BE Lowe, TC Valiev, RZ TI Severe plastic deformation processes: Modeling and workability SO INVESTIGATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 3: HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation CY AUG 02-07, 1999 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; TITANIUM; ANVILS AB Research efforts to model severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes and to quantify the workability of materials during such operations are summarized. The majority of research on the modeling of the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process invented by Segal has focused on the kinematics of metal flow under nominally frictionless conditions. Physical (visioplasticity) models suggest that such assumptions yield reasonable estimates of imposed strain over the bulk of the sample. Recent work on the stress state developed during ECAE has shown that a high degree of compression exists in the deformation zone except near the inner corner of the tooling. At this location, tensile stresses which may lead to fracture are generated. Thus, ductile metals can often be deformed through multiple passes in ECAE unless they exhibit flow softening which can lead to flow localization in the form of shear bands. Research on the modeling of the second major SPD process, that of torsion under superimposed compression, a method developed by Bridgman, has been investigated to a less extent primarily because of the mixed displacement-load boundary conditions and the statically indeterminate nature of the operation. C1 USAF, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab,AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab,AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6280-2 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 3 HI PY 2000 VL 80 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BR79L UT WOS:000167556400009 ER PT B AU Fagin, B AF Fagin, B BE Joyce, D TI Using ada-based robotics to teach computer science SO ITICSE 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH ANNUAL SIGCSE/SIGCUE CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION SE SIGCSE BULLETIN : A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP ON COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual SIGCSE/SIGCUE Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITICSE 2000) CY JUL 11-13, 2000 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP SIGCSE, SIGCUE AB We present an Ada-based interface to Lego Mindstorms(TM), a programmable robotics kit that has attracted considerable attention in the computing community. We discuss our motivations for choosing Ada over other high-level languages, and our particular implementation over possible alternatives. Robotics and Ada combine very nicely for teaching basic computing concepts to both technical and non-technical majors, as shown with several examples. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fagin, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6K41, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-207-7 J9 SIGCSE BULL PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BR67C UT WOS:000167118000038 ER PT B AU Folio, L Sneeder, W AF Folio, L Sneeder, W BE Jesshope, C Okamoto, T TI Remote tele-education as an alternative to telemedicine aboard the aircraft carrier USS GEORGE WASHINGTON SO IWALT 2000: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ADVANCED LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES: ADVANCED LEARNING TECHNOLOGY: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Advanced Learning Technologies (IWALT 2000) CY DEC 04-06, 2000 CL MASSEY UNIV, PALMERSTON NORTH, NEW ZEALAND SP IEEE, Learning Technol Task Force, IEEE, Comp Soc HO MASSEY UNIV AB Purpose: A method of Basic tele-education as an alternative to telemedicine on the aircraft carrier USS GEORGE WASHINGTON is described. Aircraft carriers are often deployed for months, with limited medical specialty services. This method was developed to increase access to images by specialists at the medical center where patients would be seen once at port. Methods. Radiologic images were imported into Word and PowerPoint with simple windows keyboard commands. Images were then e-mailed to various specialists for consultation. Results: The quality of the attachments for diagnosis was satisfactory to the consultants and replies were received within 24 hours. There was no apparent difference in image quality between Word and Power Point and both used comparable memory space. Conclusion: Telemedicine, teleconsultation and tele-education may be successfully implemented in remote environments such as carrier operations at sea, using PowerPoint with attachments. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Folio, L (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0653-4 PY 2000 BP 257 EP 259 DI 10.1109/IWALT.2000.890626 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BR45T UT WOS:000166472800077 ER PT J AU Faber, KT Carr, SH Schwartz, LH AF Faber, KT Carr, SH Schwartz, LH TI In memory of ... Jerome B. Cohen SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Faber, KT (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Faber, Katherine/B-6741-2009; Carr, Stephen/B-7504-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 52 IS 1 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 273NE UT WOS:000084713100006 ER PT J AU Zhang, XD Ginter, TJ Cornell, B Evans, DJ Fraser, HL AF Zhang, XD Ginter, TJ Cornell, B Evans, DJ Fraser, HL TI Effect of stretching on the strength (Bauschinger effect) of Ti-6Al-2Cr-2Mo-2Sn-2Zr alloy SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHASE C1 Reynolds Met Co, Chester, VA 23831 USA. Lockheed Martin Aeronaut Syst, Marietta, GA USA. WPAFB, AFRL, MLLM, Dayton, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Zhang, XD (reprint author), Reynolds Met Co, Chester, VA 23831 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 32 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 274RF UT WOS:000084778300006 ER PT J AU Cali, PM AF Cali, PM TI Numerical analysis of advanced fighter auxiliary power unit exhaust impingement SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 36th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 12-15, 1998 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut C1 USAF, Res Lab, CFD Res Branch, Flight Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cali, PM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, CFD Res Branch, Flight Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1 BP 181 EP 183 DI 10.2514/2.2578 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 281YF UT WOS:000085188500024 ER PT J AU Boleman, W Harper, DS Hagan, L Neeno, T AF Boleman, W Harper, DS Hagan, L Neeno, T TI Chronobiology of immunotherapy reactions SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 909 BP S310 EP S310 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)91337-X PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530100905 ER PT J AU Harper, DS Cox, R Hagan, L AF Harper, DS Cox, R Hagan, L TI Tobacco hypersensitivity and passive smoke exposure SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 278 BP S93 EP S93 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)90708-5 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530100276 ER PT J AU Harper, DS Quinn, J Hagan, L AF Harper, DS Quinn, J Hagan, L TI Approach to hymenoptera venom reactions-survey of allergy and immunology training program directors in the united states SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 176 BP S58 EP S58 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)90607-9 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530100175 ER PT J AU Napoli, D Neeno, T AF Napoli, D Neeno, T TI Wheat dependent exercise-induced cholinergic urticaria SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 119 BP S41 EP S41 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)90550-5 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530100118 ER PT J AU Quinn, JM Whisman, BA Jacobs, JS Cox, RL McGrath, CM AF Quinn, JM Whisman, BA Jacobs, JS Cox, RL McGrath, CM TI Hypersensitivity to yellow fever (YF) vaccine in two patients with chicken meat hypersensitivity SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. David Grant Med Ctr, Vacaville, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 1038 BP S352 EP S353 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)91464-7 PN 2 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530101032 ER PT J AU Tankersley, MS Butler, KA Butler, WK Goetz, DW AF Tankersley, MS Butler, KA Butler, WK Goetz, DW TI Local reactions during allergen immunotherapy do not require dose-adjustment SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 923 BP S314 EP S314 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)91351-4 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530100919 ER PT J AU Walters, MK Shull, JD Asbury, RP AF Walters, MK Shull, JD Asbury, RP TI A comparison of exhaust condensation trail forecast algorithms at low relative humidity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTRAIL FORMATION; JET AIRCRAFT; REEXAMINATION AB The Schrader and Schumann contrail forecast algorithms and a third algorithm are evaluated under low relative humidity conditions using a dataset of asynoptic atmospheric soundings and 318 coincident ground-based aircraft and contrail observations collected near Dayton. Ohio. Aircraft were positively identified and their flight altitudes were determined using either Federal Aviation Administration flight logs or data collected with the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base air traffic control radar. The sounding data were used with assumed aircraft performance parameters to prepare nowcasts of contrail critical temperatures. The nowcasts were examined subjectively by comparing the distribution of correct and incorrect forecasts as a function of the difference between critical temperature and ambient temperature. Objective evaluation against the contrail observations also was done using several common statistical measures. The third algorithm produced critical temperatures that were systematically too cold, leading to forecasts with low skill in comparison with unbiased random forecasts. The Schumann and Schrader algorithms were skillful in comparison with unbiased random forecasts and performed similarly to one another. The distribution of critical temperature deviations from ambient temperature far incorrect forecasts made with the Schumann and Schrader algorithms (but not the third algorithm) can be explained by potential errors in the input data. All results were statistically significant. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. 88th Weather Squadron, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Walters, MK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<0080:ACOECT>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280VR UT WOS:000085124900006 ER PT J AU Saxler, A Debray, P Perrin, R Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Elsass, CR Smorchkova, IP Heying, B Haus, E Fini, P Ibbetson, JP Keller, S Petroff, PM DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK Speck, JS AF Saxler, A Debray, P Perrin, R Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Elsass, CR Smorchkova, IP Heying, B Haus, E Fini, P Ibbetson, JP Keller, S Petroff, PM DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK Speck, JS TI Characterization of an AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas structure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; EFFECTIVE-MASS; TEMPERATURE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; CONSTANTS; ALN; INN AB An AlxGa1-xN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas structure with x=0.13 deposited by molecular beam epitaxy on a GaN layer grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on a sapphire substrate was characterized. X-ray diffraction maps of asymmetric reciprocal lattice points confirmed that the thin AlGaN layer was coherently strained to the thick GaN layer. Methods for computing the aluminum mole fraction in the AlGaN layer by x-ray diffraction are discussed. Hall effect measurements gave a sheet electron concentration of 5.1x10(12) cm(-2) and a mobility of 1.9x10(4) cm(2)/V s at 10 K. Mobility spectrum analysis showed single-carrier transport and negligible parallel conduction at low temperatures. The sheet carrier concentrations determined from Shubnikov-de Haas magnetoresistance oscillations were in good agreement with the Hall data. The electron effective mass was determined to be 0.215 +/- 0.006 m(0) based on the temperature dependence of the amplitude of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. The quantum lifetime was about one-fifth of the transport lifetime of 2.3x10(-12) s. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)08001-4]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, Serv Phys Etat Condense, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Saxler, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Speck, James/H-5646-2011 NR 23 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 1 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1063/1.371869 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 265KW UT WOS:000084244300057 ER EF