FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kraemer, KE Sloan, GC Price, SD Walker, HJ AF Kraemer, KE Sloan, GC Price, SD Walker, HJ TI Classification of 2.4-45.2 micron spectra from the Infrared Space Observatory Short Wavelength Spectrometer SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; infrared : ISM; infrared : stars; ISM : general; ISM : lines and bands; stars : fundamental parameters ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTRA; M-MIRA VARIABLES; CARBON STARS; IRAS SOURCES; ISO-SWS; CIRCUMSTELLAR SHELLS; EMISSION FEATURES; SILICATE DUST; SPECTROSCOPY AB The Infrared Space Observatory observed over 900 objects with the Short Wavelength Spectrometer in full-grating scan mode (2.4-45.2 mum). We have developed a comprehensive system of spectral classification using these data. Sources are assigned to groups based on the overall shape of the spectral energy distribution (SED). The groups include naked stars, dusty stars, warm dust shells, cool dust shells, very red sources, and sources with emission lines but no detected continuum. These groups are further divided into subgroups based on spectral features that shape the SED such as silicate or carbon-rich dust emission, silicate absorption, ice absorption, and fine-structure or recombination lines. Caveats regarding the data and data reduction, as well as biases intrinsic to the database, are discussed. We also examine how the subgroups relate to the evolution of sources to and from the main sequence and how this classification scheme relates to previous systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Cornell Univ, Infrared Spectrograph Sci Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 73 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 140 IS 2 BP 389 EP 406 DI 10.1086/339708 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556LG UT WOS:000175850400008 ER PT J AU Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT Kannan, N Balldin, U AF Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT Kannan, N Balldin, U TI The effect of repeated altitude exposures on the incidence of decompression sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE altitude; hypobaric exposure; decompression sickness; venous gas emboli; repetition AB Introduction: Repeated altitude exposures in a single day occur during special operations parachute training, hypobaric chamber training, unpressurized flight, and extravehicular space activity. Inconsistent and contradictory information exists regarding the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) during such hypobaric exposures. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that four short exposures to altitude with and without ground intervals would result in a lower incidence of DCS than a single exposure of equal duration, Methods: The 32 subjects were exposed to 3 different hypobaric exposures-condition A: 2 h continuous exposure (control); condition B: four 30-min exposures with descent/ascent but no ground interval between the exposures; condition C: four 30-min exposures with descent/ascent and 60 min of ground Interval breathing air between exposures, All exposures were to 25,000 ft with 100% oxygen breathing. Subjects were observed for symptoms of DCS, and precordial monitoring of venous gas emboli (VGE) was accomplished with a SONGS 1000 echo-imaging system. Results: DCS occurred in 19 subjects during A (mean onset 70+/-29 min), 7 subjects in B (60+/-34 min), and 2 subjects in C (40+/-18 min). There was a significant difference in DCS incidence between B and A (p=0.0015) and C and A (p=0.0002), but no significant difference between B and C. There were 28 cases of VGE in A (mean onset 30+/-23 min), 21 in B (41+/-35 min), and 21 in C (41+/-32 min) with a significant onset curve difference between B and A and between C and A, but not between B and C. Exposure A resulted in four cases of serious respiratory/neurological symptoms, while B had one and C had none. All symptoms resolved during recompression to ground level. Conclusion: Data indicate that repeated simulated altitude exposures to 25,000 ft significantly reduce DCS and VGE incidence compared with a single continuous altitude exposure. C1 USAF, High Altitude Protect Res, AFRL HERP, Brooks AFB, TX USA. AF Res Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Div Math & Stat, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Pilmanis, AA (reprint author), 2504 Gillingham Dr,Suite 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 6 BP 525 EP 531 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 555CX UT WOS:000175776700001 PM 12056666 ER PT J AU Berg, JS Moore, JL Retzlaff, PD King, RE AF Berg, JS Moore, JL Retzlaff, PD King, RE TI Assessment of personality and crew interaction skills in successful naval aviators SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE personality; crew interaction skills; aviation ID RIGHT STUFF; PERFORMANCE AB Purpose: We were interested in studying a full range of successful aviators to discern which personality factors were present and whether these factors correlate with age, rank, and accumulated flight time. Method: The Armstrong Laboratory Aviator Personality Survey (ALAPS) was administered to 3 12 designated naval aviators and flight officers from a variety of aircraft communities. The sample included O-3/O-4 elite aviators who were selected for their squadron billets based on superior performance, O-5/O-6 aviators selected for command positions, and 59 flag officers. Results: The junior aviators scored higher on the factor associated with Dogmatism and lower on the factor associated with Team Orientation and Socialness. This pattern was reversed for the flag officers, while O-5/O-6 aviators received intermediate scores on each of these factors. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates a correlation between specific ALAPS factors and experience, rank, age, and flight time. The combination of high Dogmatism, low Team Orientation, and low Socialness in junior aviators could suggest lower openness to crew input and increased risk for mishaps. C1 USN, Dept Clin Invest, Naval Med Ctr San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Robert E Mitchell Ctr POW Studies, Pensacola, FL USA. Uni No Colorado, Greeley, CO USA. USAF, Safety Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Berg, JS (reprint author), USN, Dept Clin Invest, Naval Med Ctr San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 6 BP 575 EP 579 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 555CX UT WOS:000175776700009 PM 12056674 ER PT J AU Ricks, M Elston, DM Sartori, CR AF Ricks, M Elston, DM Sartori, CR TI Multiple basaloid follicular hamartomas associated with acrochordons, seborrhoeic keratoses and chondrosarcoma SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE basaloid follicular hamartoma; chondrosarcoma ID SOLITARY AB Basaloid follicular hamartoma is an uncommon neoplasm with distinctive histopathological findings. It presents as four distinctive clinical forms: a solitary papule, a localized plaque of alopecia, a localized linear and unilateral type, and generalized papules with associated alopecia and myasthenia gravis. Histologically, basaloid follicular hamartomas are characterized by thin branching strands and thick cords of basaloid or squamoid cells extending from a follicle into a loose, fibrillar, fibrocytic or mucinous connective tissue stroma. We report a case of long-standing, generalized basaloid follicular hamartomas associated with acrochordons, seborrhoeic keratoses, and a history of chondrosarcoma. In general, solitary tumours are sporadic; multiple tumours are inherited and frequently associated with a syndrome. Further surveillance is warranted to determine if the association of multiple basaloid follicular hamartomas and chondrosarcoma constitutes an inherited syndrome. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AF Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Ricks, M (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AF Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-0963 J9 BRIT J DERMATOL JI Br. J. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 146 IS 6 BP 1068 EP 1070 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04672.x PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 564BZ UT WOS:000176295700023 PM 12072080 ER PT J AU Russ, BW Meffert, J Bernert, R AF Russ, BW Meffert, J Bernert, R TI Spiradenocarcinoma of the scalp SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT ECCRINE SPIRADENOMA; CARCINOSARCOMA; CARCINOMA AB Spiradenocarcinoma is an exceedingly rare malignant neoplasm with ductal differentiation. Many consider it to be an eccrine neoplasm, and others favor apocrine differentiation. In nearly all cases, spiradenocarcinoma is associated with a benign spiradenoma, with most lesions appearing on the trunk and extremities. We describe a patient who presented with a long-standing and previously asymptomatic scalp nodule that became tender and enlarged. After diagnosis of spiradenocarcinoma, the patient was referred for lymphoscintigraphy, sentinal lymph node biopsy, and Mohs micrographic surgery. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMID, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatopathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Russ, BW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMID, Dept Dermatol, 2200 Begquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUN PY 2002 VL 69 IS 6 BP 455 EP 458 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 563DH UT WOS:000176239400010 PM 12078848 ER PT J AU Ross, BM Moszczynska, A Peretti, FJ Adams, V Schmunk, GA Kalasinsky, KS Ang, L Mamalias, N Turenne, SD Kish, SJ AF Ross, BM Moszczynska, A Peretti, FJ Adams, V Schmunk, GA Kalasinsky, KS Ang, L Mamalias, N Turenne, SD Kish, SJ TI Decreased activity of brain phospholipid metabolic enzymes in human users of cocaine and methamphetamine SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article DE phospholipase A(2); CDP choline; cocaine; methamphetamine; addiction; dopamine ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; CHO CELLS; A(2); SENSITIZATION; INVOLVEMENT; AMPHETAMINE; MECHANISMS; ACTIVATION; BEHAVIOR AB Phospholipids are essential components of cell membranes which may also function to mediate some of the behavioural effects of dopamine receptor stimulation caused by psychostimulant drugs. Neuromiaging and pharmacological data suggest that abnormal brain metabolism of phospholipids might explain some of the consequences of chronic exposure to drugs of abuse including drug craving. We previously reported decreased activity of calcium-stimulated phospholipase A(2) (Ca-PLA(2)) in autopsied putamen of human cocaine users. To establish the specificity of this change in phospholipid metabolism and whether decreased Ca-PLA(2) might be a general feature of all abused drugs which enhance dopaminergic neurotransmission. we measured activity of 11 major phospholipid metabolic enzymes in dopamine-rich (putamen) and poor brain areas of chronic users of cocaine and of methamphetamine. Enzyme changes were restricted to the putamen which showed decreased (-21%, as compared with the control subjects) Ca-PLA(2) activity in users of mothamphetamine and reduced (-31%) activity of phosphocholine cytidyltransferase (PCCT), the rate-limiting enzyme of phosphatidylcholine synthesis, in the cocaine users. We suggest that chronic exposure to psychostimulant drugs might cause a compensatory downregulation of Ca-PLA(2) in do amine-rich brain areas clue to excessive dopamine-related stimulation of the enzyme. Decreased striatal Ca-PLA(2) and/or PCCT activity in cocaine users might also help to explain why CDP choline, which enhances phospholipid synthesis. reduces craving in some users of the drug cocaine. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Human Neurochem Pathol Lab, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. Arkansas State Crime Lab, Little Rock, AR USA. Off Hillsborough Cty Med Exminer, Tampa, FL USA. Santa Clara Cty Med Examiner Coroner, San Jose, CA USA. USAF, Div Forens Toxicol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. London Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol Neuropathol, London, ON, Canada. RP Kish, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Human Neurochem Pathol Lab, 250 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. RI Moszczynska, Anna/I-6997-2013 OI Moszczynska, Anna/0000-0002-9927-2318 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 07185] NR 26 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 AR PII S0376-8716(02)00022-4 DI 10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00022-4 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 569RX UT WOS:000176617000006 PM 12062780 ER PT J AU Clewell, RA Gearhart, JM AF Clewell, RA Gearhart, JM TI Pharmacokinetics of toxic chemicals in breast milk: Use of PBPK models to predict infant exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE breast milk; chemical exposure; Lactation; PBPK modeling; pharmacokinetics ID METHYLMERCURY; MANGANESE; EXCRETION; RESIDUES; BLOOD; ACID AB Factors controlling the transfer of potentially toxic chemicals in the breast milk of nursing mothers include both chemical characteristics, such as lipophilicity, and physiologic changes during lactation. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can aid in the prediction of infant exposure via breast milk. Benefits of these quantitative models include the ability to account for changing maternal physiology and transfer kinetics, as well as the chemical-specific characteristics, in order to produce more accurate estimates of neonatal risk. A recently developed PBPK model for perchlorate and iodide kinetics in the lactating and neonatal rat demonstrates the utility of PBPK modeling in predicting maternal and neonatal distribution of these two compounds. This model incorporates time-dependent changes in physiologic characteristics and includes interactions between iodide and Perchlorate that alter the distribution and kinetics of iodide. C1 Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Dayton, OH USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Gearhart, JM (reprint author), Mantech Environm Technol Inc, 2856 G St,Bldg 79, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 49 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 110 IS 6 BP A333 EP A337 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 561HV UT WOS:000176134900031 PM 12055064 ER PT J AU Shelley, JS DeVries, KL AF Shelley, JS DeVries, KL TI Degradation of Nylon-6/clay nanocomposites in NOx SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Nylon; mechanical properties; strength; impact strength; environmental degradation; time dependence; fracture toughness; NOx; constrained volume; Nylon-6/clay; hybrid nanocomposites; delaminated hybrids ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER MELT INTERCALATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HYBRID AB Nylon-6 is an important engineering polymer that, in its fully spherulitic (bulk) form, has many applications in gears, rollers, and other long life cycle components. In 1993, Toyota commercialized a nylon-6/clay nanocomposite out of which it produced the timing belt cover for the Camry. Although these hybrid nanocomposites show significant improvements in their mechanical response characteristics, including yield strength and heat distortion temperature, little is known about the degradation of these properties due to environmental pollutants like NOx. Nylon-6 fibers are severely degraded by interaction with NOx and other pollutants, showing a strong synergy between applied load and environmental degradation. While the nanocomposites show a significant reduction in permeability of gases and water due to the incorporation of lamellar clay, their susceptibility to non-diffusional mechano-chemical degradation is unknown. The fracture toughness of these nylon-6/clay nanocomposites increases, not as a function of clay content, but as a function of the volume of nylon-6 polymer chains influenced by the clay lamellae surfaces. Both the clay and the constrained volume offer the nanocomposites some protection from the deleterious effects of NOx. The time-to-failure at a given stress intensity factor as a function of clay content and constrained volume is discussed along with fracture toughness of the materials. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate AFRL PRSE, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Shelley, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate AFRL PRSE, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 178 EP 181 DI 10.1177/0014485102042002209 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 559QU UT WOS:000176037500008 ER PT J AU Meyer, TR King, GF Martin, GC Lucht, RP Schauer, FR Dutton, JC AF Meyer, TR King, GF Martin, GC Lucht, RP Schauer, FR Dutton, JC TI Accuracy and resolution issues in NO/acetone PLIF measurements of gas-phase molecular mixing SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; AXISYMMETRICAL JET; LAYERS; TRACER; FLOWS AB Under-resolved passive-scalar measurements in liquid and gaseous shear layers have been known to over-predict mixed-fluid quantities as a result of sub-resolution stirring. In recent studies, simultaneous cold-chemistry (nitric oxide) and passive-scalar (acetone) planar laser-induced fluorescence have been employed for the measurement of sub-resolution molecular mixing. In the current work, the theory and experimental approach of this technique are reviewed, and new analyses of quenching corrections, differential diffusion errors, and imaging resolution are presented. Results from both experimental work and direct numerical simulations indicate that this technique provides a successful means of quantifying macro- and micro-scale turbulent molecular mixing in gaseous shear flows. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. 3M Engn Syst Technol Ctr, 3M Ctr, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meyer, TR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JUN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 6 BP 603 EP 611 DI 10.1007/s00348-001-0372-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 635FM UT WOS:000180388300001 ER PT J AU Jin, O Hamm, RW Johnson, WS AF Jin, O Hamm, RW Johnson, WS TI Microstructural influences on the growth of small cracks in Ti-6Al-4V SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE constant amplitude loading; double edge notch specimen; large cracks; microstructures; small fatigue cracks; titanium alloy ID FATIGUE; BEHAVIOR; METAL AB The effects of microstructure on the growth of small cracks in Ti-6Al-4 V under fatigue loading are presented. The small crack growth is compared with large crack growth. Two large crack tests were per formed at a stress ratio of 0.4 and a frequency of 15 Hz. For small crack growth tests, double edge notch specimens were loaded under constant amplitude at four maximum stresses with a stress ratio of 0.4 and a frequency of 15 Hz. A plastic replication technique was used to monitor the small fatigue crack growth rate. The microstructure consists of bands of alpha and beta phases. The present study indicates that the crack growth direction and shape are dependent upon the grain size and grain orientations, and that the crack growth rate seems to be affected by the spacing of alpha-rich and beta-rich bands. Small cracks are propagated at stress intensity factors well below the large crack threshold stress intensity factor. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Johnson, WS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6 BP 563 EP 574 DI 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00500.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 554YQ UT WOS:000175765100003 ER PT J AU Cain, CP Toth, CA Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA AF Cain, CP Toth, CA Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA TI Thresholds for retinal injury from multiple near-infrared ultrashort laser pulses SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lasers; safety standards; maximum permissible exposures; radiation, nonionizing ID PRIMATE EYE; EXPOSURE; LESIONS AB Multiple-pulse lasers are routinely used in the laboratory for research, manufacturing, medical procedures, and in military applications. In order to provide a safe work environment for personnel using these lasers, safety standards have been established and have been in use for many years. These safety standards have addressed laser pulses of nanosecond duration and longer. Recently, safety standards have been updated to address laser pulses as short as 100 femtoseconds in duration. In order to tie these "ultrashort" laser pulses to hazard trends in currently established standards for multiple-pulse exposures with repetition rates less than several kilohertz, this experiment was conducted. Reported herein are minimum visible lesion thresholds in the paramacula of the primate retina using an 800-nm wavelength laser with 1,000 pulses per second, at 130 femtoseconds (fs) pulse duration. The minimum visible lesion (MVL) thresholds were determined at 1 h and 24 h post exposure for 1, 10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000 pulses and are compared with thresholds reported by other researchers. These new data are evaluated relative to the current safety standards for retinal exposure limits as a function of the number of pulses for femtosecond-pulse duration. Data from this study show that the retinal ED; thresholds/pulse in the paramacula decrease by almost a factor of four as the number of pulses goes from one to ten and then decrease very little for an increase of three decades more in the number of pulses. The MVL-ED50 at the threshold decreased from 0.55 muJ for a single pulse to 0.15 muJ/pulse for 10 pulses and then only to 0.11 muJ/pulse for 10,000 pulses. C1 USAF, HEDO, AFRL, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Durham, NC 27710 USA. TASC, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Rockwell, BA (reprint author), USAF, HEDO, AFRL, Res Lab, 8111 Dave Erwin Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM ben.rockwell@brooks.af.mil RI toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 BP 855 EP 862 AR UNSP 0017-9078/02/0 DI 10.1097/00004032-200206000-00014 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 554LZ UT WOS:000175738300014 PM 12046758 ER PT J AU Courtney, CC Voss, DE Baum, CE Prather, W Torres, R AF Courtney, CC Voss, DE Baum, CE Prather, W Torres, R TI A description and the measured performance of three coaxial beam-rotating antenna prototypes SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE antenna theory; multireflector antennas; antenna radiation patterns; microwave antennas; polarization; high-power microwave AB Many high-power microwave (HPM) sources utilize an azimuthally symmetric output mode, like the TM01 circular waveguide or the coaxial TEM modes. If radiated directly, these modes produce a doughnut-shaped radiation pattern, with a boresight null. Mode-conversion techniques for transforming the azimuthally symmetric mode! to one with a more desirable radiated pattern are possible, but mode conversion is typically undesirable, due to inefficiencies and due to increases in system size and weight. Antenna designs have been explored that will radiate the azimuthally symmetric mode directly, but those considered to date tend to exhibit low gain, and do not radiate a boresight peak (along the longitudinal axis of the source). This article describes the measured performance of three prototype antennas, all of the coaxial beam-rotating antenna (COBRA) class. These accept directly an azimuthally symmetric mode, and radiate a high-gain, circularly polarized beam with a boresight peak. The antennas achieve this capability by varying the electrical length of a path from a focal point to the aperture plane as a function of the azimuthal angle of the aperture. A brief overview of the general theory of COBRA operation is first presented. Next, measured data, characteristic of the input impedance and far-field patterns of three COBRA prototypes, are given. The architectures of COBRA prototypes reviewed in this article include those utilizing (1) a single, stepped paraboloidal reflector; (2) a dual reflector; and (3) a dual reflector with a coaxial feed. C1 Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Courtney, CC (reprint author), Voss Sci, 418 Washington St,SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM cliffc@vosssci.com NR 17 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 3 BP 30 EP 47 DI 10.1109/MAP.2002.1028732 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 588PM UT WOS:000177709900006 ER PT J AU Hader, J Zakharian, AR Moloney, JV Nelson, TR Siskaninetz, WJ Ehret, JE Hantke, K Hofmann, M Koch, SW AF Hader, J Zakharian, AR Moloney, JV Nelson, TR Siskaninetz, WJ Ehret, JE Hantke, K Hofmann, M Koch, SW TI Quantitative prediction of semiconductor laser characteristics based on low intensity photoluminescence measurements SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gain; photo luminescence; semiconductor lasers ID MICROSCOPIC THEORY; GAIN AB A general scheme for the determination of vital operating characteristics of semiconductor lasers from low intensity photo-luminescence spectra is outlined and demonstrated. C1 Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Werkstoffe Elektrotech, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Hader, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 6 BP 762 EP 764 AR PII S1041-1135(02)04358-6 DI 10.1109/LPT.2002.1003085 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 556XY UT WOS:000175875700010 ER PT J AU Harmer, PK Williams, PD Gunsch, GH Lamont, GB AF Harmer, PK Williams, PD Gunsch, GH Lamont, GB TI An artificial immune system architecture for computer security applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE agents; artificial immune system; computer security; computer virus; intrusion detection ID MULTIAGENT AB With increased global interconnectivity, reliance on e-commerce, network services, and Internet communication, computer security has become a necessity. Organizations must protect their systems from intrusion and computer-virus attacks. Such protection must detect anomalous patterns by exploiting known signatures while monitoring normal computer programs and network usage for abnormalities. Current antivirus and network intrusion detection (ID) solutions can become overwhelmed by the burden of capturing and classifying new viral stains and intrusion patterns. To overcome this problem, a self-adaptive distributed agent-based defense immune system based on biological strategies is developed within a hierarchical layered architecture. A prototype interactive system is designed, implemented in Java, and tested. The results validate the use of a distributed-agent biological-system approach toward the computer-security problems of virus elimination and ID. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Air Intelligence Agcy, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harmer, PK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 51 TC 141 Z9 173 U1 1 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1089-778X J9 IEEE T EVOLUT COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 6 IS 3 BP 252 EP 280 AR PII S1089-778X(02)06069-1 DI 10.1109/TEVC.2002.1011540 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 564YE UT WOS:000176340500004 ER PT J AU Edwards, AH Sushko, PV Shluger, AL Sulimov, VB AF Edwards, AH Sushko, PV Shluger, AL Sulimov, VB TI Embedding techniques for irradiation-induced defects in crystalline SiO2 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP Techn Informat & Microelectr Comp Architecture Lab, RADECS Assoc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE E ' center; electrical level; Hartree-Fock; hyper-fine parameters; radiation-induced defects; silicon dioxide ID ALKALI HALIDE CRYSTALS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; HYPERFINE PARAMETERS; OPTICAL-TRANSITIONS; LATTICE DYNAMICS; SILICON DIOXIDE; OXYGEN VACANCY; ALPHA-QUARTZ; DOPED SILICA; HIGH-PURITY AB We present a new atomistic embedding technique for neutral and charged defects in silicon dioxide and apply it to the neutral vacancy and the crystalline analog of the E'(gamma) defect, the E'(1) in alpha quartz. We show that there are significant relaxations up to 8 Angstrom away from the vacancy and that this realization points to the necessity of using much larger unit cells in solid-state density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Also, we have shown it the long-range Madelung field alters estimates of hyperfine interactions significantly. In fact, the current embedding scheme has led to greatly improved predictions for Si-29 hyperfine interactions for the E'(1) center. C1 Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Edwards, AH (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM edwardsa@plk.af.mil RI Sushko, Peter/F-5171-2013 OI Sushko, Peter/0000-0001-7338-4146 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1383 EP 1388 AR PII S0018-9499(02)05809-4 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039671 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HE UT WOS:000178671300013 ER PT J AU Lopez, MR Gilgenbach, RM Jordan, DW Anderson, SA Johnston, MD Keyser, MW Miyake, H Peters, CW Jones, MC Neculaes, VB Lau, YY Spencer, TA Luginsland, JW Haworth, MD Lemke, RW Price, D AF Lopez, MR Gilgenbach, RM Jordan, DW Anderson, SA Johnston, MD Keyser, MW Miyake, H Peters, CW Jones, MC Neculaes, VB Lau, YY Spencer, TA Luginsland, JW Haworth, MD Lemke, RW Price, D TI Cathode effects on a relativistic magnetron driven by a microsecond E-beam accelerator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE end cap; magnetron; microwave; pulse shortening ID ISX-B TOKAMAK; HIGH-POWER; MICROWAVE SOURCES; EMISSION; EFFICIENCY; FREQUENCY; BAND AB Experiments have been performed on a relativistic magnetron driven at e-beam accelerator peak parameters: voltage = -0.4 MV, current = 16 kA, and pulselength = 0.5 mus. The magnetron is a six-vane device. operating at about 1 GHz with extraction from two cavities. For equal power in both extraction waveguides, the peak microwave power of this device is between 200 and 300 MW. Microwave pulse-shortening limits pulselengths to the range of 10-100 ns. Time-frequency analysis of microwave emission indicates operation at about 1.03 GHz, close to the pi mode frequency identified from cold tests and the three-dimensional MAGIC code. Two cold cathodes were tested: 1) an emitting aluminum knob in the vane region with no endcap and 2) an extended cathode with a graphite fiber emission region in the vanes and endcap outside the vanes. Electron endloss current has been measured for the two cathodes. With no endcap, the cathode exhibited endloss current fraction up to 50% of the total; with one endcap, the cathode reduced the endloss current fraction to as little as 12%. Both cathodes produced peak total-electronic efficiency in the range of 14%-21%. C1 Univ Michigan, Intense Energy Beam Interact Lab, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Titan Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Lopez, MR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Intense Energy Beam Interact Lab, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Frank, David/E-8213-2012 NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 947 EP 955 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801543 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200026 ER PT J AU Haworth, MD Cartwright, KL Luginsland, JW Shiffler, DA Umstattd, RJ AF Haworth, MD Cartwright, KL Luginsland, JW Shiffler, DA Umstattd, RJ TI Improved electrostatic design for MILO cathodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anode plasma; focusing electrodes; high-power microwaves; magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator; (MILO) ID TRANSMISSION-LINE OSCILLATOR; MECHANISM; EMISSION; DIODES AB Recent experimental and computer simulation results on a magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) have indicated that the large, beam-current density emitted from each end of the cathode leads to anode plasma formation. This initiates bipolar space-charge flow in the anode-cathode gap that severely perturbs the electron flow at the launch point. The result is significant microwave power reduction on a 600-ns time scale. The field-shaper cathode, used previously to extend the MILO RF pulse duration beyond 400 ns, is shown to have several deficiencies concerning anode plasma formation. We report on implementation of miniature Pierce focusing electrodes on each end of the MILO cathode as a way to control the, beam current density, and hence, to minimize, anode plasma. C1 Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Haworth, MD (reprint author), Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 992 EP 997 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801550 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200031 ER PT J AU Mankowski, J Dickens, J Kristiansen, M Lehr, J Prather, W Gaudet, J AF Mankowski, J Dickens, J Kristiansen, M Lehr, J Prather, W Gaudet, J TI Subnanosecond corona inception in an ultrawideband environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BREAKDOWN AB Corona discharges in ultrawideband radiating systems can have adverse effects on performance such as reflection, phase dispersion, and significant power losses. A test-bed has been assembled to experimentally observe corona created by voltage pulses similar to ultrawideband systems. The current work involves the attenuation of an incident pulse after propagation through a self-initiated corona and relative measurements of visible light emission from the photoionization produced during streamer development. Several gas dielectrics, including ambient air, N-2, H-2, and SF6, were tested. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Pulsed Power Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Pulsed Power Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Mankowski, J (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Pulsed Power Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1211 EP 1214 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801655 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200056 ER PT J AU Hendricks, KJ Haworth, MD AF Hendricks, KJ Haworth, MD TI Experiments on high-power microwave transmission through a belljar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE belljar; breakdown; high-power microwave (HPM); microwave; radome ID PULSE; MILO; OSCILLATOR AB The ability to radiate the microwave pulse generated by a high-power microwave source can be limited by the interface from the vacuum to the ambient atmosphere. We report here on experiments that use geometric changes to control the tangential electric field amplitude applied to the vacuum side of the belljar. These geometric changes have resulted in observed changes in the base vacuum levels obtained with various sized belljars. In addition, the presence of a diffuse discharge on the vacuum surface of the belljar did not alter the magnitude or mode pattern of the measured microwave pulse. This discharge appears to have a resonant nature because it only exists only for a limited range of electric field values due to a limited range of total microwave power generated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hendricks, KJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1215 EP 1219 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801654 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200057 ER PT J AU Shiffler, DA Luginsland, JW Umstattd, RJ LaCour, A Golby, K Haworth, MD Ruebush, M Zagar, D Gibbs, A Spencer, TA AF Shiffler, DA Luginsland, JW Umstattd, RJ LaCour, A Golby, K Haworth, MD Ruebush, M Zagar, D Gibbs, A Spencer, TA TI Effects of anode materials on the performance of explosive field emission diodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anodes; electron beams; electron emission; electron guns; plasmas AB Explosive field-emission cathodes have been the electron emitter of choice, and often necessity, for high-power microwave (HPM) tubes for many years. The materials typically used for these cathodes range from polymer and cotton velvets, to metals such as stainless steel, and to carbon materials such as bulk carbon and carbon fibers. With several notable exceptions, the issues of the anode and its composition, have been largely ignored. Generally, the diode performance, such as current levels, impedance collapse, and out-gassing, have been attributed to the cathode alone rather than to the combination of the cathode and anode. In this paper, we investigate the affects of various anode materials on the performance of explosive field emission cathodes. We show that bipolar flow significantly and rapidly alter diode performance at lower voltage and energy densities than usually observed. We show also the effects of anode material choice on out-gassing, and diode conditioning. Experiments have shown that bipolar flow is a significant issue in diode performance for even short pulses. The theoretical aspects of the diodes are discussed, with a comparison of experiment to theory. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Maxwell Technol Inc, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Shiffler, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1232 EP 1237 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.802146 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200059 ER PT J AU Lee, IB AF Lee, IB TI Magnum, PE? SO IIE SOLUTIONS LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Div Engn, Joint Staff, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Lee, IB (reprint author), USAF, Div Engn, Joint Staff, J-4,Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS PI NORCROSS PA 25 TECHNOLOGY PARK/ATLANTA, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 1085-1259 J9 IIE SOLUTIONS JI IIE Solut. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 6 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA 612TF UT WOS:000179091000011 ER PT J AU Muller, RR AF Muller, RR TI Hitler's northern war: The Luftwaffe's ill-fated campaign, 1940-1945 SO INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Air Command & Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. RP Muller, RR (reprint author), USAF, Air Command & Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMON FRASER UNIV, INT HISTORY REVIEW PI BURNABY PA EAA 2015, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA SN 0707-5332 J9 INT HIST REV JI Int. Hist. Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 466 EP 467 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 561BM UT WOS:000176116500057 ER PT J AU Timmerman, TJ Deckro, RF Kloeber, JM Jackson, JA AF Timmerman, TJ Deckro, RF Kloeber, JM Jackson, JA TI Considering technological risks in modeling emerging technologies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING-THEORY APPLICATIONS AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; technology planning; research and development organizations ID DISTRIBUTIONS AB Technology planning has become an essential function for all organizations involved with designing, developing, and procuring innovative products and systems. Whether motivated by a desire for improved quality, increased market share, increased level of service, and/or to maintain national security, the scientific and technology communities continued to be pressured to make technological breakthroughs and to subsequently produce new, and innovative technologies. Every organization concerned with new technological solutions must successfully balance the possible benefits against the resources needed to research, develop, and adopt them. Unfortunately, when dealing with truly innovative technologies, these future benefits and resource requirements are by no means certain. The inherent risk involved with the development and deployment of new technology includes uncertainty about the time of completion of R&D, uncertainty about the development cost, and, probably most disconcerting, uncertainty about the technology's ability to perform as intended. This study, based on an actual technology selection project, reports on several methods used to estimate risk in an overall decision support system for selecting innovative technologies. Significance: The risk assessment methods reported in this paper can be used to select innovative competing technologies. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Portfolio Anal, World Wide Med Grp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Joint Adv Warfighting Program, Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP Timmerman, TJ (reprint author), 33 OSS OSXP,1010 Luton Dr, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CINCINNATI INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PI CINCINNATI PA UNIV CINCINNATI, CINCINNATI, OH 45221-0116 USA SN 1072-4761 J9 INT J IND ENG-THEORY JI Int. J. Ind. Eng.-Theory Appl. Pract. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 200 EP 214 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 568GB UT WOS:000176533100010 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE Grimes, LE Tzou, DY AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE Grimes, LE Tzou, DY TI Modeling of femtosecond laser-induced non-equilibrium deformation in metal films SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE femtosecond lasers; ultrashort laser-material ablation; ultrafast thermomechanics; two-step heating process; hot-electron blast force; metal films; non-thermal damage ID HEAT WAVES; THERMOELASTICITY; ABLATION AB This paper extends the dual-hyperbolic two temperature (Numer. Heat Transfer Part A 40 (2001) 1) and hot-electron blast (J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 88 (1999) 84) models to investigate the deformation in metal films subjected to ultrashort laser heating. A new set of fully coupled, transient thermoelasticity equations is derived based on the assumption of uniaxial strain but three-dimensional stress. Two potential material removal mechanisms, thermal (melting) and non-thermal (high stress), are identified. Numerical results show that the non-thermal damage could be a dominating mechanism in ultrashort laser-material ablation. The major driving force for the non-thermal damage is the so-called hot-electron blast force, which is generated by non-equilibrium hot electrons. It is also found that for gold films thicker than 200 nm, a thin layer of material near the heated surface could be removed, as experimentally observed (Opt. Cummun. 129 (1996) 134; J. Appl. Phys. 85 (1999) 6803). On the other hand, damage could initiate from the middle region and then extend over the entire film for a gold film of 50 nm in thickness or thinner. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jinn-kuen.chen@kirtland.af.mil NR 30 TC 65 Z9 80 U1 5 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 12 BP 3199 EP 3216 AR PII S0020-7683(02)00242-1 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00242-1 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 571NR UT WOS:000176723900005 ER PT J AU Walter, AJ Buller, JL Davis, G AF Walter, AJ Buller, JL Davis, G CA Mil Assoc Pelvic Reconstructive Su TI Variability of reported techniques for performance of the pubovaginal sling procedure SO INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL AND PELVIC FLOOR DYSFUNCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the American-Urogynecologic-Society CY OCT 26-28, 2000 CL HILTON HEAD ISL, SOUTH CAROLINA SP Amer Urogynecol Soc DE graft material; pubovaginal slings; surgical techniques ID STRESS URINARY-INCONTINENCE; LEAK POINT PRESSURES; FASCIA LATA; URODYNAMIC EVALUATION; MESH; DEFICIENCY; OPERATION AB The aim of this study was to determine the commonly used techniques for sling surgery. A questionnaire was distributed to the attendees at the 20th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Urogynecologic Society. Techniques addressed included the type and length of the graft material, the fixation point, and the methods of sling tensioning. Type of training and monthly surgical volume was also determined. Sixty-five gynecologic and urologic surgeons responded to the survey, the majority of whom were fellowship-trained urogynecologists (68%). The median monthly operative experience was 8 anti-incontinence procedures, including 3.5 pubovaginal slings. There was wide inter-respondent variability in all techniques except fixation point. There was also large intra-respondent variability in sling technique: 42% reported the use of differing graft materials, 19% noted using differing graft lengths, and 19% employed variable tensioning methods. Type of training and operative experience did not predict surgical technique(s) or consistency. Our conclusion was that there is wide variability in the techniques of sling performance. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Fairfield, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Walter, AJ (reprint author), 60 MDG-SGCG,101 Bodin Cir, Tavis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-3462 J9 INT UROGYNECOL J PEL JI Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 160 EP 164 DI 10.1007/s192-002-8347-2 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology GA 573YA UT WOS:000176859100004 PM 12140709 ER PT J AU Ammari, H Bao, G Wood, AW AF Ammari, H Bao, G Wood, AW TI Analysis of the electromagnetic scattering from a cavity SO JAPAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic cavity; variational formulations; transparent boundary conditions; existence and uniqueness ID UNIQUE CONTINUATION; PLANE; TE AB Consider a time-harmonic electromagnetic plane wave incident on a cavity in a ground plane. Inside the cavity, the medium may be inhomogeneous. In this paper, variational formulations in TE and TM polarizations are studied. Existence and uniqueness of the solutions for the model problems are established. The variational approach also forms a basis for numerical solution of the model problems. C1 Ecole Polytech, Ctr Math Appl, CNRS, UMR 7641, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48224 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ammari, H (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Ctr Math Appl, CNRS, UMR 7641, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RI Ammari, Habib/F-3453-2011; Bao, Gang/F-1746-2014; Bao, Gang/B-8955-2015 NR 9 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 6 PU KINOKUNIYA CO LTD PI TOKYO PA 17-7 SHINJUKU 3-CHOME, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 163-8636, JAPAN SN 0916-7005 J9 JPN J IND APPL MATH JI Jpn. J. Ind. Appl. Math. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 301 EP 310 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 569MB UT WOS:000176605200007 ER PT J AU Samuels, SM Gibb, RW AF Samuels, SM Gibb, RW TI Self-efficacy assessment and generalization in physical education courses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DECISION-MAKING; PERFORMANCE; EXERCISE; PERSONALITY; COMPETITION; EXPECTANCY; ENDURANCE; SCALE AB Physical education courses can have effects that generalize past their immediate task as measured by increases in domain-specific self-efficacy. It was predicted that competitive combative courses like boxing would be more likely to have skills generalize to other domains than noncontact courses like swimming. A Physical Education Self-Efficacy Scale was created that focused on 2 different domains of self-efficacy: 1 specific to the course (physicality), and 1 in a disparate domain (leadership initiative). Students were given the scale before and after the 2 different courses. Results indicate that there were small but significant increases in both subscales for students enrolled in boxing, but not for students enrolled in swimming. Physicality self-efficacy also correlated strongly with performance. Implications and mechanisms for generalization of self-efficacy to neighboring domains are discussed. C1 USAF Acad, USAFA DFBL, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Samuels, SM (reprint author), USAF Acad, USAFA DFBL, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1314 EP 1327 DI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb01438.x PG 14 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 602XW UT WOS:000178530600011 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, LI AF Perlovsky, LI TI Statistical limitations on molecular evolution SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB Complexity of functions evolving in an evolution process are expected to be limited by the time length of an evolution process among other factors. This paper outlines a general method of deriving function-complexity limitations based on mathematical statistics and independent from details of a biological or genetic mechanism of the evolution of the function. Limitations on the emergence of life are derived, these limitations indicate a possibility of a very fast evolution and are consistent with "RNA world" hypothesis. The discussed method is general and can be used to characterize evolution of more specific biological organism functions and relate functions to genetic structures. The derived general limitations indicate that a co-evolution of multiple functions and species could be a slow process, whereas an evolution of a specific function might proceed very fast, so that no trace of intermediate forms (species) is preserved in fossil records of phenotype or DNA structure; this is consistent with a picture of "punctuated equilibrium". C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ADENINE PRESS INC PI GUILDERLAND PA PO BOX 355/340, GUILDERLAND, NY 12084 USA SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1031 EP 1043 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 569FR UT WOS:000176590600009 PM 12023805 ER PT J AU Phipps, SP Smith, TC Hager, GD Heaven, MC McIver, JK Rudolph, WG AF Phipps, SP Smith, TC Hager, GD Heaven, MC McIver, JK Rudolph, WG TI Investigation of the state-to-state rotational relaxation rate constants for carbon monoxide (CO) using infrared double resonance SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM MODEL; ENERGY-TRANSFER; BROADENING COEFFICIENTS; FITTING LAW; FREE JETS; COLLISIONS; V=2; HE; HF; DEPENDENCE AB State-to-state rotational relaxation of carbon monoxide (CO) has been studied using an ir double resonance technique. Individual rotational lines of the (2-0) vibrational overtone band were pumped by a pulsed tunable ir laser and the subsequent evolution of the v=2 rotational population distribution was monitored by the absorption of a tunable cw ir laser via the (3-2) band transitions. Both the excitation and probe lasers were linearly polarized, with linewidths that were narrower than the CO Doppler width. Consequently, alignment and velocity relaxation effects were observed in these measurements. A data set consisting of 54 time-dependent rotational state population profiles was acquired. The full CO-CO rotational relaxation matrix, which consists of state-to-state rate constants for rotational levels up to J=29, was deduced from computer simulations of the data. Scaling and fitting laws were used to provide parametric representations of the rate constants. The three most common models, modified exponential gap, statistical polynomial-exponential gap (SPEG), and energy corrected sudden with exponential-power gap (ECS-EP) were investigated. We concluded that the SPEG law best reproduced the CO-CO rotational energy transfer data. A propensity to preserve the CO parity in rotational energy transfer was observed for collisions where the amount of energy transferred was small. Hence even DeltaJ processes were favored for transitions between levels with low J values. For near-single collisions events a correlation was noted between the amount of rotational energy transferred and the degree of velocity distribution relaxation. This correlation yielded insights regarding the energy transfer dynamics. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hager, GD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 21 BP 9281 EP 9292 DI 10.1063/1.1472516 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 550DA UT WOS:000175487300019 ER PT J AU Steiger, SM Orville, RE Huffines, G AF Steiger, SM Orville, RE Huffines, G TI Cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics over Houston, Texas: 1989-2000 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; FIRES AB [1] Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning detected by the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) indicates a relatively high flash density over Houston, Texas, for the 12-year period 1989-2000. A significant enhancement of 45% in the flash density is observed compared to the nearby surrounding areas. The strength of the enhancement varies on the basis of season and time of day, with the greatest increases occurring during the summer (58%) and during the 0900-1800 LT time periods in each season. Observations indicate that large lightning events (defined as days with >100 flashes in a geographic region that includes Houston and nearby rural areas) were responsible for the climatological lightning anomaly and that increased thunderstorm initiation was not the most significant cause of the enhancement. A decrease ( - 12%) in the percentage of positive flashes is observed over the city. Higher negative median peak currents along the coast and well into the Gulf of Mexico were also discovered. Several explanations for our observations are suggested. The urban heat island and increased cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, especially from industrial pollution, are speculated to be significant factors in creating lightning enhancement. Pollution effects are speculated to cause a change in a thunderstorm's charge distribution, which can affect the polarity of CG flashes. The potential effect of the nearby coastal Gulf salt water on the calculated peak current is examined. Variations in multiplicity values across the region are observed but not explained. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Cooperat Inst Appl Meteorol Studies, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Steiger, SM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Cooperat Inst Appl Meteorol Studies, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Orville, Richard/G-9866-2012 OI Orville, Richard/0000-0003-0280-7169 NR 28 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS D11 AR 4117 DI 10.1029/2001JD001142 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609HN UT WOS:000178897700016 ER PT J AU Dothe, H Duff, JW Sharma, RD Wheeler, NB AF Dothe, H Duff, JW Sharma, RD Wheeler, NB TI A model of odd nitrogen in the aurorally dosed nighttime terrestrial thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE terrestrial thermosphere; composition; chemistry; auroral dosing; odd N; vibration-rotation band emission ID SPACE-SHUTTLE EXPERIMENT; NITRIC-OXIDE; LIMB RADIANCE; ROTATIONAL DISTRIBUTION; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; EMISSION; ATMOSPHERE; MIDDLE; SIMULATIONS AB [1] A model of the production and loss of odd nitrogen species (mainly, N(S-4), N(D-2), NO, and NO+) and the enhanced vibration-rotation band emission from NO in the infrared from the aurorally dosed terrestrial nighttime thermosphere is described. This model is assessed by analyzing the observations of the fundamental (Deltav = -1, similar to5.3 mum) and overtone (Deltav = -2, similar to2.7 mum) NO vibration-rotation band limb emissions made by a Michelson interferometer and radiometer, respectively, aboard the Cryogenic Infrared Radiance Instrumentation for Shuttle (CIRRIS-1A) experiment on the space shuttle Discovery during an auroral event. The auroral dosing along the line of sight is inferred from the 2.7-mum radiance profiles using a self-consistent procedure. The dosing obtained is then used in the model to predict the spectrally resolved emission in the 5.3-mum region. The calculated overtone radiance profiles agree with the measured ones at lower tangent altitudes, where the signal-to-noise ratio is large. The calculation, however, underpredicts the observed radiance, both fundamental and overtone, at higher tangent altitudes by a factor of similar to3 and gives a colder rotational temperature for the rotationally hot component of the spectrally resolved emission from nascent NO. The causes of this discrepancy and its impact on the densities of the odd N species are discussed. C1 Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Dothe, H (reprint author), Spectral Sci Inc, 99 S Bedford St, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS A6 AR 1071 DI 10.1029/2001JA000143 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 610UK UT WOS:000178979400018 ER PT J AU Shiokawa, K Otsuka, Y Ogawa, T Balan, N Igarashi, K Ridley, AJ Knipp, DJ Saito, A Yumoto, K AF Shiokawa, K Otsuka, Y Ogawa, T Balan, N Igarashi, K Ridley, AJ Knipp, DJ Saito, A Yumoto, K TI A large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance during the magnetic storm of 15 September 1999 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance; thermosphere-ionosphere coupling; magnetic storm; airglow imaging; GPS network; ionosonde ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; HIGH-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; GPS NETWORK; THERMOSPHERE; PERTURBATIONS; MODEL; PROPAGATION; HEMISPHERES; SUBSTORMS AB [1] Using a comprehensive data set and model calculations, we have investigated a prominent large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (LSTID) observed in Japan (similar to37degrees-16degrees MLAT) on 15 September 1999, during a recovery phase of sequential storms. The LSTID was detected at 2300-2400 LT (1400-1500 UT) as an enhancement of the 630-nm airglow intensity (50 --> 350 R), a decrease in the F layer virtual height (at 2 MHz, 360 --> 200 km), an enhancement of f(o)F(2) (6 --> 8 MHz), and an enhancement of GPS total electron content (similar to1.0 x 10(16) m(-2)). Multipoint and imaging observations of these parameters show that the LSTID moved equatorward over Japan with a velocity of similar to400-450 m/s. From a comparison with the Sheffield University Plasmasphere-Ionosphere Model (SUPIM) we conclude that an enhancement (250-300 m/s) of poleward neutral wind (that is propagating equatorward) caused these observational features of the LSTID at midlatitudes. To investigate generation of the LSTID by auroral energy input, we have used auroral images obtained by the Polar UVI instrument, magnetic field variations obtained at multipoint ground stations, and the empirical Joule heating rate calculated by the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics (AMIE) technique. Intense auroral energy input was observed at 0800-1100 UT (4-6 hours before the LSTID), probably causing equatorward neutral wind at lower latitudes. It is likely that the poleward wind pulse that caused the observed LSTID was generated associated with the cessation of this equatorward wind. The effect of Lorentz force is also discussed. C1 Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa 4428507, Japan. Univ Wales, Radio & Space Phys Grp, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. Commun Res Labs, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Shiokawa, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa 4428507, Japan. RI Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 OI Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; NR 35 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS A6 AR 1088 DI 10.1029/2001JA000245 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 610UK UT WOS:000178979400001 ER PT J AU Patwardhan, SV Mukherjee, N Durstock, MF Chiang, LY Clarson, SJ AF Patwardhan, SV Mukherjee, N Durstock, MF Chiang, LY Clarson, SJ TI Synthesis of C-60 fullerene-silica hybrid nano structures SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE silica; silicification; functionalized C-60 fullerene; buckminster-fullerene; bucky balls; carbon; sol-gel; organic-inorganic hybrids AB We have recently demonstrated a procedure for the synthesis of silica nanometer and micrometer particles under modest conditions. Here we report the synthesis of C-60 fullerene-silica hybrid nanometer sized materials via sol-gel processing at neutral pH and under ambient conditions. The C-60 fullerene, when functionalized was water-soluble and also able to facilitate the formation of silica structures from an aqueous silica precursor. This C-60 fullerene had similar functinality to the cationically charged polymers, which have been reported earlier to act as catalysts/templates for silicification. The resulting organic-inorganic hybrid was studied using SEM, EDS and UV/Vis spectroscopy. These hybrid materials may have applications in areas such as optical devices, semiconductors, chemical sensors, catalysis and in the medical field. The results presented in this study may be useful in developing a process for the synthesis of novel organic-inorganic nanometer sized materials and for the biomimetic synthesis of silica. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Clarson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Patwardhan, Siddharth/B-5037-2009 OI Patwardhan, Siddharth/0000-0002-4958-8840 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 21 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1053-0495 J9 J INORG ORGANOMET P JI J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1023/A:1021250131231 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 618VW UT WOS:000179438800004 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ McCombe, BD Mattocks, PG AF Haugan, HJ McCombe, BD Mattocks, PG TI Structural and magnetic properties of thin epitaxial Fe films on (110) GaAs prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE thin film interface magnetism; Fe/(110)GaAs; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; ferromagnetism; spintronics ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; IRON; MAGNETOELECTRONICS AB Iron films have been grown on (110) GaAs substrates by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at substrate temperatures (T-s) between 135degreesC and 400degreesC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the Fe films grown at T-s between 200degreesC and 330degreesC were single crystals. Amorphous films were observed at T-s below 200degreesC and it was not possible to deposit films at T-s above 330degreesC. The full-width at half-maximum of the rocking curves showed that crystalline qualities were improved at T-s above 270degreesC. Single crystalline Fe films grown at different substrate temperature showed different structural behaviors in XRD measurements. Iron films grown at T, between 200degreesC and 300degreesC showed bulk alpha-Fe like behavior regardless of film thickness (100-6400Angstrom). Meanwhile, Fe films grown at 330degreesC (144 and 300 Angstrom) showed a biaxially compressed strain between substrate and epilayer, resulting in an expanded inter-planar spacing along the growth direction. Magnetization measurements showed that Fe films (> 200 Angstrom) grown at 280degreesC and 330degreesC were ferromagnetic with the in-plane easy axis along the [110] direction. For the thinner Fe films (less than or equal to 200 Angstrom) regardless of growth temperature, square loops along the [100] easy axis were very weak and broad. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Coll Fredonia, Dept Phys, Fredonia, NY 14063 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Bldg 651,3005 P St,Rm 253, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 247 IS 3 BP 296 EP 304 AR PII S0304-8853(02)00280-9 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00280-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 569ZW UT WOS:000176634200007 ER PT J AU Phani, AR Krzanowski, JE Nainaparampil, JJ AF Phani, AR Krzanowski, JE Nainaparampil, JJ TI Structural and mechanical properties of TiC/Ti and TiC/B4C multilayers deposited by pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; HARDNESS ENHANCEMENT; TITANIUM CARBIDE; SUPERLATTICES; STRENGTH; GROWTH; MODEL; NI; CU AB Multilayers of TiC/Ti and TiC/B4C have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition. Ti, B4C, and TiC targets were used to deposit multilayer films onto 440C steel and silicon substrates at 40 degreesC. The structural, compositional, and mechanical properties of the multilayers were examined by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nanoindentation techniques. Tribological properties were also evaluated using a pin-on-disc friction and wear test. The TiC/Ti films were found to have a crystalline structure, and both (200)TiC/(100)Ti and (111)TiC/(101)Ti orientation relationships were found in these films. In the TiC/B4C films, only the sample with the largest bilayer thickness (25 nm) had significant crystallinity and only the TiC layer was crystalline. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiles confirmed the presence of composition modulations in these films. Nanoindentation tests of the TiC/Ti multilayers showed hardness levels exceeding that predicted by the rule-of-mixtures. The TiC/B4C multilayers showed increasing hardness with decreasing bilayer thickness but reached only 221 GPa. The pin-on-disc tests gave friction values ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 for both sets of films. These results were correlated with the degree of crystallinity and grain structure of the films. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. AFRL, MBLT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krzanowski, JE (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1390 EP 1398 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0207 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 559NQ UT WOS:000176032600024 ER PT J AU Marini, AM Banaudha, K McCall, S Zhu, D Lipsky, R AF Marini, AM Banaudha, K McCall, S Zhu, D Lipsky, R TI alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-mediated neuroprotection requires TRKB receptor activation SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Cellular Pathol & Genet, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NIAAA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 81 SU 1 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 573KU UT WOS:000176829500086 ER PT J AU Foley, WL AF Foley, WL TI Use of a 2.0-mm locking plate/screw system for mandibular fracture surgery - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DYNAMIC COMPRESSION PLATES; ANGLE FRACTURES; OSTEOSYNTHESIS C1 USAF, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Foley, WL (reprint author), USAF, Langley AFB, VA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 6 BP 645 EP 646 DI 10.1053/joms.2002.33112 PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 557NG UT WOS:000175914200010 ER PT J AU Barnes, MJ Sorrells, DL Cofer, BR AF Barnes, MJ Sorrells, DL Cofer, BR TI Spontaneous postnatal resolution of a cystic lung mass: A case report SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE cystic adenomatoid malformation; congenital lung lesions ID ADENOMATOID MALFORMATION; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; NATURAL-HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; FETUS AB Postnatal cystic adenomatoid malformations (CAMs) are managed by surgical excision. Asymptomatic CAMs have decreased in size with initial observation. This is the first reported case of complete resolution of a postnatal CAM. Premature infants with asymptomatic CAMs may benefit from careful observation as their initial treatment. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Sorrells, DL (reprint author), 859 MCSG,2200 Berguist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 916 EP 918 DI 10.1053/jpsu.2002.32911 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 558TF UT WOS:000175982100023 PM 12037763 ER PT J AU Purkitt, HE Burgess, S AF Purkitt, HE Burgess, S TI South Africa's chemical and biological warfare programme: a historical and international perspective SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN STUDIES LA English DT Article AB This article describes important historical roots and factors that influenced the evolution of South Africa's past covert chemical and biological warfare (CBW) programme, Project Coast. Some of the complex international linkages developed under the auspices of Project Coast are also discussed. The conclusion discusses some of the characteristics of the programme that help to explain these widely varying assessments. C1 USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr, DFS, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. USAF, Dept Int Secur Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. RP Purkitt, HE (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0305-7070 J9 J S AFR STUD JI J. South. Afr. Stud. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 229 EP 253 DI 10.1080/03057070220140685 PG 25 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 573ZG UT WOS:000176863400001 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE Tzou, DY AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE Tzou, DY TI Thermomechanical response of metals heated by ultrashort-pulsed lasers SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL STRESSES LA English DT Article ID ABLATION; THERMOELASTICITY; SIMULATION; SILICON; WAVES AB A set of fully coupled thermoelasticity equations is derived, based on the dual-hyperbolic two-temperature (Chen and Beraun, 2001) an(l hot-electron blast (Falkovsky and Mishchenko, 1999) models, to investigate the deformation of metals subjected to ultrashort-pulsed laser heating. Two potential damage mechanisms, thermal (melting) and nonthermal (high stress damage), are identified. The latter is primarily caused from the hot-electron blast force when the lasers are so intense that the induced electron temperature is on the order of the Fermi temperature. The former is the dominating damage mechanism when the laser power is relatively low. It is also found that for a relatively long gold rod, nonthermal damage could occur in the region near the irradiated end. On the other hand for a very short gold rod, the nonthermal damage could initiate either near the irradiated end or the other boundary, depending upon the magnitudes of the stress in the two regions as well as the tensile and compressive failure strengths. C1 USAF, Laser Effects Res Branch, Direct Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Laser Effects Res Branch, Direct Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-5739 J9 J THERM STRESSES JI J. Therm. Stresses PD JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6 BP 539 EP 558 DI 10.1080/014957320290074289 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 556NC UT WOS:000175855000003 ER PT J AU Ferguson, KH McNeil, JJ Morey, AF AF Ferguson, KH McNeil, JJ Morey, AF TI Mechanical and antibiotic bowel preparation for urinary diversion surgery (Retracted Article. See vol 170, pg 2394, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Review DE urinary diversion; colon; antibiotics; polyethylene glycol ID ELECTIVE COLORECTAL SURGERY; COMPARING SODIUM-PHOSPHATE; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS; COLON SURGERY; INTESTINAL COLONIZATION; HYPOCALCEMIC TETANY; RADICAL CYSTECTOMY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL AB Purpose: We reviewed the existing scientific literature regarding the efficacy of preoperative mechanical and antibiotic bowel preparation for urinary diversion surgery. Materials and Methods: We performed MEDLINE searches of the literature from 1966 through 2000 and obtained additional references through a review of the bibliographies of select articles. Results: For urinary diversion surgery information regarding appropriate mechanical and antibiotic bowel preparation is scant. The colorectal surgery literature indicates that oral sodium phosphate appears to be better tolerated than polyethylene glycol and is as effective, although the latter is preferred in patients with compromised renal, cardiac or liver function. A combination of oral and parenteral antibiotics should be used for all urinary reconstructive surgeries involving gastrointestinal tract segments. A parenteral second generation cephalosporin antibiotic should be given within 1 hour of skin incision and repeated at an interval of twice the antibiotic serum half-life or when blood loss exceeds 1 l. Conclusions: For urinary diversion surgery contemporary methods of mechanical and antibiotic bowel preparation appear to be safe, effective and better tolerated than traditional bowel preparation methods. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Ferguson, KH (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 2352 EP 2356 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64983-X PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 552DD UT WOS:000175602500004 PM 11992036 ER PT J AU Wright, PK Rosenberger, AH AF Wright, PK Rosenberger, AH TI Modeling thermal exposure effects on fatigue of gamma titanium aluminides SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE gamma titanium aluminides; fatigue; exposure effects; fatigue crack growth modeling AB Aircraft engine applications of gamma titanium aluminide alloys require these materials to undergo extended periods of high temperature exposure in air. In order to determine whether gamma alloys will function satisfactorily in such applications, the effects of long-time air exposure need to be understood. and quantified. To date, investigations in this area have been conducted on cast Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr and wrought Alloy 395. Both alloys showed reductions in fatigue capability that tended to peak in the intermediate temperature (similar to540 degreesC) range, with smaller or no reductions at lower or higher temperatures. This paper develops a model for fatigue of thermally exposed gamma alloys based on propagation of surface cracks initiating from an embrittled surface layer. The model successfully predicted the observed maximum effect at intermediate temperature and provides quantitative agreement with the observed post-exposure fatigue capability. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 GE Aircraft Engines, Dept Mat & Proc Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLN, Dayton, OH USA. RP Wright, PK (reprint author), GE Aircraft Engines, Dept Mat & Proc Engn, 1 Neumann Way,Mail Stop G50, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 538 EP 544 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01556-8 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01556-8 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600079 ER PT J AU Demczyk, BG Naik, VM Hameed, S Naik, R AF Demczyk, BG Naik, VM Hameed, S Naik, R TI Comparison of strain relaxation in epitaxial Si0.3Ge0.7 films grown on Si(001) and Ge(001) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SiGe alloy films; Raman spectroscopy; strain relaxation; epitaxy; dislocations; transmission electron microscopy ID ALLOY THIN-FILMS; MORPHOLOGICAL STABILITY; MISFIT DISLOCATIONS; LAYERS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SI AB Epitaxial Si1-xGex films of thickness similar to200 nm have been grown on Si(l 00) and Ge(100) substrates using chemical vapor deposition. Both X-ray diffraction and Raman studies show that the films are Ge rich (x = 0.7) with no residual strain. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy studies have been used to demonstrate that the films relax by different mechanisms leading to different surface morphology and interface structure. Films in tension (SiGe/Ge) were seen to relax through the creation of misfit dislocations, whereas those in compression (SiGe/Si) formed islands without dislocations. Consideration of the misfit dislocation formation mechanism in these materials has been used to explain this behavior phenomenologically. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. RP Naik, R (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. OI Naik, Vaman M/0000-0003-0022-2191 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 94 IS 2-3 BP 196 EP 201 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00084-3 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00084-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 564QZ UT WOS:000176326200013 ER PT J AU Clarke, G Malik, J Pongnapang, N Rubal, B Feldman, M Bauch, T Harris, R Dick, E AF Clarke, G Malik, J Pongnapang, N Rubal, B Feldman, M Bauch, T Harris, R Dick, E TI MRI coronary flow reserve changes during progressive coronary constriction SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1290 EP 1290 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565ME UT WOS:000176373400477 ER PT J AU Ryan, KL Jauchem, JR Tehrany, MR Boyle, HL AF Ryan, KL Jauchem, JR Tehrany, MR Boyle, HL TI Platelet-activating factor does not mediate circulatory failure induced by 35-GHz microwave heating SO METHODS AND FINDINGS IN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heatstroke; hyperthermia; platelet-activating factor (PAF); radiofrequency radiation ID ARTERY-OCCLUSION SHOCK; RAT MESENTERIC-ARTERIES; NITRIC-OXIDE; FACTOR PAF; FACTOR ACETYLHYDROLASE; VASCULAR REACTIVITY; INDUCED HYPOTENSION; FACTOR ANTAGONIST; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CLINICAL SEPSIS AB Sustained whole-body exposure of anesthetized rats to 35-GHz radiofrequency radiation produces localized hyperthermia and hypotension, leading to circulatory failure and death. The physiological mechanism underlying the induction of circulatory failure by 35-GHz microwave (MW) heating is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether platelet-activating factor (PAF) contributed to the hypotensive state induced by MW heating. Ketamine-anesthetized rats were instrumented for the measurement of arterial blood pressure, ECG and temperature at five sites. Administration of the PAF-receptor antagonist WEB 2086 (0.5 or 5 mg/kg) following the induction of circulatory failure (defined as a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure to 75 mmHg) failed to reverse the hypotension induced by MW heating and consequently did not alter the subsequent survival time. Furthermore, pretreatment with WEB 2086 at either dose did not filter subsequent mean arterial blood pressure, temperature responses to MW heating or survival time. Finally MW heating did not tiller either blood PAF levels or serum or lung PAF acetythydrolase levels. Taken together these results demonstrate that PAF does not mediate the hypotension induced by 35-GHz MW heating. (C) 2002 Prous Science. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, HEDR,Human Effectectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, HEDR,Human Effectectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, 8315 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROUS SCIENCE, SA PI BARCELONA PA PO BOX 540, PROVENZA 388, 08025 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0379-0355 J9 METHOD FIND EXP CLIN JI Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 5 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1358/mf.2002.24.5.802305 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 572XL UT WOS:000176800200005 PM 12168504 ER PT J AU Waller, SG AF Waller, SG TI Untitled SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Off USAF Surgeon Gen, Washington, DC 20332 USA. RP Waller, SG (reprint author), USAF, Off USAF Surgeon Gen, Washington, DC 20332 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP III EP III PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700001 PM 12099093 ER PT J AU Brewster, AL Milner, JS Mollerstrom, WW Saha, BT Harris, N AF Brewster, AL Milner, JS Mollerstrom, WW Saha, BT Harris, N TI Evaluation of spouse abuse treatment: Description and evaluation of the air force family advocacy programs for spouse physical abuse SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GENDER DIFFERENCES; VIOLENCE; RISK AB Data are reported from a sample of 2,991 spouse physical abusers who received Air Force Family Advocacy Program (FAP) services and who volunteered to complete program evaluation measures that were administered before and after treatment and at a 6-month follow-up. As expected, after treatment compared with before treatment, professionals rated offenders as less at risk, and the offenders indicated general satisfaction with the Family Advocacy Program services. Additionally, as predicted, objective measures indicated that offenders showed significant (p < 0.001) decreases in family conflict and child abuse risk and significant increases (p < 0.001) in family cohesion, family expression, and marital satisfaction. An analysis of the available follow-up data indicated that each of the post-treatment improvements were maintained at the time of the follow-up evaluation. C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Andrews AFB, MD 20331 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Psychol, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. HQ AFMOA, SGOF, Family Advocacy Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Brewster, AL (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Family Practice, Andrews AFB, MD 20331 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 464 EP 469 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700006 PM 12099080 ER PT J AU Dixon, S Dunn, WJ Fancher, JP AF Dixon, S Dunn, WJ Fancher, JP TI Perceived initial clinical competencies of dentists at the start and completion of US Air Force Advanced Education in General Dentistry residency programs SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a difference in the perceived level of competence in recent dental school graduates before or after completion of a 1-year general dentistry residency program. Methods: A survey instrument was administered to recent dental school graduates before or after completing a 1-year U.S. Air Force Advanced Education in General Dentistry (AEGD) residency program to evaluate their self-perceived. competency in 60 selected diagnostic and clinical areas at the time of their graduation from dental school. Questionnaires were returned by 103 test subjects, for a response rate of 92%. Results: Pearson's chi(2) test revealed a significant difference in self-perceived competence at the time of graduation from dental school between dentists just completing dental school and dentists who had just completed a 1-year postgraduate AEGD residency. Dentists completing a 1-year postgraduate general dentistry residency perceived themselves to be statistically less competent at the time of dental school graduation than dentists who had just completed dental school in 9 of 60 areas. Conclusions: A significant difference exists in the opinions of new dental school graduates compared with dentists with an additional year of training regarding their level of competence at the time of dental school graduation. C1 USAF, Dent Squadron 59, Dept Gen Dent, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Dent Squadron 82, Sheppard AFB, TX 76311 USA. RP Dixon, S (reprint author), USAF, Dent Squadron 59, Dept Gen Dent, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 470 EP 473 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DV UT WOS:000181420700007 PM 12099081 ER PT J AU Biros, DP George, JF Zmud, RW AF Biros, DP George, JF Zmud, RW TI Inducing sensitivity to deception in order to improve decision making performance: A field study SO MIS QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE information quality; date security; data integrity; error detection; deception detection ID HUMAN INTERVENTION; TASK COMPLEXITY; DATA QUALITY; SYSTEMS; TRUST; INFORMATION; AUTOMATION; ACCURACY AB When an organization's members depend on the data contained in computer-based systems, they become vulnerable to strategic information manipulation. That is, they become susceptible to situations where their decision-making behaviors can be influenced by others able to access and manipulate this data. This paper describes the results of a field experiment that examines the effects of alternative interventions aimed at inducing sensitivity to the possibility of manipulated date on professionals' task-related decision behaviors: deception detection, false alarms, and task accuracy. While traditional training had no effect on detection success or the issuance of false alarms, warnings about data quality resulted in better detection success. Warnings combined with just-in-time training resulted in better detection success but at the cost of an increased number of false alarms, Higher levels of detection success increased task accuracy and the time spent solving each problem. A higher number of false alarms was associated with lower levels of task accuracy. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Florida State Univ, Coll Business, Dept Management Informat Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Div Management Informat Syst, Michael F Price Coll Business, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Biros, DP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI George, Joey/A-8367-2009; George, Joey/A-9080-2012 NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOC INFORM MANAGE-MIS RES CENT PI MINNEAPOLIS PA UNIV MINNESOTA-SCH MANAGEMENT 271 19TH AVE SOUTH, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA SN 0276-7783 J9 MIS QUART JI MIS Q. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 26 IS 2 BP 119 EP 144 DI 10.2307/4132323 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA 560JM UT WOS:000176079000005 ER PT J AU Miller, JO Nelson, BL Reilly, CH AF Miller, JO Nelson, BL Reilly, CH TI Estimating the probability that a simulated system will be the best SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE multinomial; ranking and selection; simulation AB Consider a stochastic simulation experiment consisting of v independent vector replications consisting of an observation from each of k independent systems. Typical system comparisons are based on mean (long-run) performance. However, the probability that a system will actually be the best is sometimes more relevant, and can provide a very different perspective than the systems' means. Empirically, we select one system as the best performer (i.e., it wins) on each replication. Each system has an unknown constant probability of winning on any replication and the numbers of wins for the individual systems follow a multinomial distribution. Procedures exist for selecting the system with the largest probability of being the best. This paper addresses the companion problem of estimating the probability that each system will be the best. The maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of the multinomial cell probabilities for a set of v vector replications across k systems are well known. We use these same c vector replications to form v(k) unique vectors (termed pseudo-replications) that contain one observation from each system and develop estimators based on AVC (All Vector Comparisons). In other words, we compare every observation from each system with every combination of observations from the remaining systems and note the best performer in each pseudo-replication. AVC provides lower variance estimators of the probability that each system will be the best than the MLEs. We also derive confidence intervals for the AVC point estimators, present a portion of an extensive empirical evaluation and provide a realistic example. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Ind Engn & Management Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Miller, JO (reprint author), USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Nelson, Barry/B-7490-2009 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 341 EP 358 DI 10.1002/nav.10019 PG 18 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 544RN UT WOS:000175174400002 ER PT J AU Calhoun, KM Deckro, RF Moore, JT Chrissis, JW Van Hove, JC AF Calhoun, KM Deckro, RF Moore, JT Chrissis, JW Van Hove, JC TI Planning and re-planning in project and production scheduling SO OMEGA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scheduling; planning; re-scheduling; project management ID SEARCH AB Scheduling is a time and labor-intensive task. In addition, problems arise due to the lag time between the publication of the schedule and the start of the scheduled work period. During this time, conditions in the dynamic environment can, and often do, change (equipment breaks, orders are cancelled or increased, work force levels do not meet expectations, or a task simply takes longer than planned, for example). While the scheduling literature is broad, very little of it addresses re-planning and re-scheduling. This research explores the use of tabu search (TS) seeded with a robust initial solution to determine "good" solutions for a posted schedule. It considers preemptive tasking priorities. The procedure then adapts the TS to focus on generating re-planning and re-scheduling options in a project or production setting. The TS procedure was implemented in Java to be portable and to make the objects available for reuse and adaptation elsewhere in the planning hierarchy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. DRYM, ACC, Div Anal, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. USAF, Wargaming Inst, Operat Anal Div, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. RP Deckro, RF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, ENS, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.deckro@afit.edu NR 19 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0483 J9 OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S JI Omega-Int. J. Manage. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 155 EP 170 AR PII S0305-0483(02)00024-5 PG 16 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 569WF UT WOS:000176624900003 ER PT J AU Mruthyunjaya, P Jumper, JM McCallum, R Patel, DJ Cox, TA Jaffe, GJ AF Mruthyunjaya, P Jumper, JM McCallum, R Patel, DJ Cox, TA Jaffe, GJ TI Diagnostic yield of vitrectomy in eyes with suspected posterior segment infection or malignancy SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RETINAL NECROSIS SYNDROME; RETICULUM-CELL SARCOMA; ANTIBODY-PRODUCTION; CHRONIC UVEITIS; RETINITIS; LYMPHOMA; DNA AB Purpose: To determine the yield of diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with suspected posterior segment inflammation or malignancy when clinical examination and systemic laboratory testing did not yield a specific diagnosis. Design: Noncomparative interventional case series Participants: Eighty-seven consecutive patients (90 eyes) who underwent diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy from 1989 through 1999. Interventions: Vitreous samples were analyzed in a directed manner based on the preoperative clinical examination and systemic laboratory testing. Main Outcome Measures: Diagnosis from each test performed on the vitreous samples. Results: Diagnostic vitrectomy was performed alone in 6 eyes (7%) and as part of a therapeutic procedure in the remaining 84 eyes. The diagnostic tests performed most frequently included cytopathology (83%), microbiologic culture and sensitivity (43%), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (36%), and intraocular antibody levels for T. canis (14%). Of these, intraocular antibody testing and PCR had the highest positive yield, 46% and 39%, respectively. Overall, directed vitreous analysis identified a specific cause in 35 eyes (39%). Of the 65 cases in which an underlying infection was suspected preoperatively, the procedure yielded a specific diagnosis in 27 (42%). When intraocular malignancy was considered preoperatively (71 eyes), a diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma was obtained in seven (10%). This difference between these diagnostic yields was significant (P = 0.02, Fisher's exact test). Conclusions: Diagnostic vitrectomy with directed vitreous fluid analysis yields a specific cause and guides subsequent therapy in a high percentage of cases. This procedure is a valuable adjunct in cases that cannot be diagnosed by less invasive methods. Ophthalmology 2002;109:1123-1129 (C) 2002 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Dept Ophthalmol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Clin Immunol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA. RP Jaffe, GJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Ctr Eye, Dept Ophthalmol, Box 3802,Erwin Rd, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD JUN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 6 BP 1123 EP 1129 AR PII S0161-6420(02)01033-3 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01033-3 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 554XL UT WOS:000175762400022 PM 12045054 ER PT J AU Brasseur, JK Henshaw, TL Neumann, DK Teehan, RF Knize, RJ AF Brasseur, JK Henshaw, TL Neumann, DK Teehan, RF Knize, RJ TI Highly efficient, resonant Raman molecular iodine laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A highly efficient 1.3-mum molecular iodine Raman laser is demonstrated. Multiwavelength output powers of 600 mW and photon-conversion efficiencies of 78% are demonstrated for a 532-nm pump source, Single-wavelength output powers of 480 mW and photon-conversion efficiencies of 67% are also realized. A simple thermal tensing model is used to optimize the pump and Stokes mode sizes. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Directed Energy Solut, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Brasseur, JK (reprint author), Directed Energy Solut, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 11 BP 930 EP 932 DI 10.1364/OL.27.000930 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 556VU UT WOS:000175870300016 PM 18026327 ER PT J AU Sun, YQ Gu, XM Hazzledine, PM AF Sun, YQ Gu, XM Hazzledine, PM TI Displacement field inside a spherical dislocation cage and the Eshelby tensor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TO-DUCTILE TRANSITION AB The elasticity problem of a transformed inclusion constrained in an infinite matrix is solved by considering a dislocation cage made of uniformly stacked dislocation loops. The displacement, strain and stress are found using the Burgers' equation, directly yielding the Eshelby tensor. The model provides an alternative physical picture and solution of the transformed inclusion problem to Eshelby's method, and compares directly with transformations produced by a dislocation mechanism. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Sun, YQ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 AR 220103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.220103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HA UT WOS:000176767100003 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Arnold, ST Williams, S Miller, TM AF Viggiano, AA Arnold, ST Williams, S Miller, TM TI Kinetics of sulfur oxide, sulfur fluoride, and sulfur oxyfluoride anions with ozone SO PLASMA CHEMISTRY AND PLASMA PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE electron impact ion source; kinetics of sulfur compounds; role of ozone; negative ion plasma density ID NEGATIVE-ION FORMATION; SF6 CORONA; FLOW TUBE; MOLECULES; PHASE; TORR AB Rate constants and product branching ratios were measured for eleven sulfur oxide, sulfur fluoride, and sulfur oxyfluoride anions reacting with O-3. The SO2- ion reacts rapidly to form -O-3(-) SO3-, and e(-). The temperature dependence of the branching ratio shows more reactive detachment and less SO3- formation at higher temperature. SO3- reacts with O-3, forming SO4- at 1/3 to 1/4 of the collisional rate from 200 to 500 K, respectively. At 300 K, SF6-, charge transfers to O-3 at 20% of the collisional rate, F2SO2- reacts with O-3 at a few percent of the collision rate, forming both O-3(-) and FSO3-; The ion F3SO- reacts slowly with O-3 to form F3SO2-. The ions SO4-, SF5-, FSO2-, FSO3-, F3SO-, and F5SO- are unreactive with O-3. A trend is noted relating the ion reactivity with the coordination of the central sulfur atom, i.e., the number of S-F bonds plus two times the number of S=O bonds. Only ions with a sulfur coordination of 4 or 6 are reactive, although the reaction rate constants are generally small, The reactivity trends appear to be partially explained by spin conservation, These reactions are all sufficiently slow, so O-3 reactions should not play a major role in SF6/O-2 discharges, All ions studied have been found to be unreactive with O-2. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0272-4324 J9 PLASMA CHEM PLASMA P JI Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 285 EP 295 AR UNSP 0272-4324/02/0600-0285/0 DI 10.1023/A:1014851627201 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA 549VU UT WOS:000175468100006 ER PT J AU Putthanarat, S Zarkoob, S Magoshi, J Chen, JA Eby, RK Stone, M Adams, WW AF Putthanarat, S Zarkoob, S Magoshi, J Chen, JA Eby, RK Stone, M Adams, WW TI Effect of processing temperature on the morphology of silk membranes SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE membranes; morphology; liquid silk ID 1,1'-DIMETHYLFERROCENE-MEDIATING GLUCOSE SENSOR; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE SENSOR; ANTHERAEA-PERNYI FIBROIN; BOMBYX-MORI; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; COMPOSITE MEMBRANE; IMMOBILIZATION MATRIX; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MEDIATING SENSOR AB A concise literature survey concerning the processing and uses of silk membranes is presented in this note together with initial observations of new morphological data for the effect of processing temperature on morphology. Liquid silk from the middle section of the Middle Division of the silk gland of Bombyx mori was cast onto glass plates at 20, 40, 50, 60 and 80 degreesC. Silk from the anterior and posterior sections was cast at 20 degreesC. Samples cast at 20 degreesC exhibit particles, grains, nanofibrils and an irregular morphology. Each exhibits approximately the same dimensions for all the samples. Samples cast above 20 degreesC do not exhibit the irregular morphology. Samples cast above 50 degreesC exhibit larger grains and larger, more densely packed nanofibrils. All these changes might result from conversion of the amorphous structure to the beta-pleated structure (Silk II). The nanofibrils appear to be self-assembled bio-nanofibrils. Membranes of regenerated fibroin treated with aqueous methanol solution exhibit grains and apparent nanofibrils. Opportunities for further work are pointed out. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. GE Plast, Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA. CREST, Natl Inst Agrobiol Resources, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. Zhejiang Sichou Inst Technol, Hangzhou 3100, Peoples R China. WPAFB, AFRL ML, USAF, Res Lab,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Eby, RK (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010 NR 90 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 12 BP 3405 EP 3413 AR PII S0032-3861(02)00161-1 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00161-1 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 549HX UT WOS:000175439400003 ER PT J AU Crasto, AS Kim, RY Russell, JD AF Crasto, AS Kim, RY Russell, JD TI In situ monitoring of residual strain development during composite cure SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID STRESSES; CYCLE AB Internal (residual) stresses build up in a thermosetting composite as the matrix shrinks during cure, and again as the composite is cooled to ambient from its elevated processing temperature. These stresses can be significant enough to distort the dimensions and shape of a cured part as well as initiate damage in off axis plies, either during fabrication or under the application of relatively low mechanical loads. The magnitude of these stresses depends on a number of factors including constituent anisotropy, volume fraction and thermal expansion, ply orientation, process cycle, and matrix cure chemistry. In this study, embedded strain gauges were employed to follow, in, situ, the buildup of residual strains in carbon fiber-reinforced laminates during cure. The data were compared to those from volumetric dilatometer studies to ascertain the fraction of resin shrinkage that contributed to residual stress buildup during cure. Based on earlier studies with single-fiber model composites, the process cycle in each case was then varied to determine if the cycles optimized to minimize residual stresses for isolated fibers in an infinite matrix were applicable to the reduction of residual stresses in conventional multifiber composites. The results of these studies are reported here. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, RY (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Ave, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 454 EP 463 DI 10.1002/pc.10447 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 568HH UT WOS:000176536000016 ER PT J AU Kemerley, RT Wallace, HB Yoder, MN AF Kemerley, RT Wallace, HB Yoder, MN TI Impact of wide bandgap microwave devices on DoD systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; microwave devices; microwave power amplifiers; microwave solid state; silicon carbide; wide bandgap semiconductors (WBS) ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AB Radio frequency (RF) semiconductor, electronics enable military systems that operate in the microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands of 1-100. GHz. The performance of numerous electromagnetic systems could be enhanced by the inclusion of wide bandgap (WBG) microwave and millimeter wave devices, either as power amplifier or receiver elements. The demonstrated power performance has generally been six to ten times that of equivalent gallium arsenide or indium phosphide devices up through 20 GHz, with enhanced dynamic range and improved impedance matching. These characteristics provide an opportunity to significantly reduce the number of modules required for many active aperture antenna systems, hence, cost, while enabling new capabilities for shared apertures. Prior to realization of any WBG system deployment, however considerable development and maturation of WBG materials, devices, and circuits must yet ensue. C1 USAF, Aerosp Components Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Off Naval Res, Div Elect, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Kemerley, RT (reprint author), USAF, Aerosp Components Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2002 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1064 AR PII S0018-9219(02)05579-2 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2002.1021570 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 581CF UT WOS:000177273000012 ER PT J AU Carreon, H Nagy, PB Blodgett, MP AF Carreon, H Nagy, PB Blodgett, MP TI Thermoelectric nondestructive evaluation of residual stress in shot-peened metals SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE METALS; ROUGH-SURFACE; WAVE; INCLUSIONS; DISPERSION; TEXTURE AB This paper presents a noncontacting thermoelectric method that can be used to characterize the prevailing residual stress in shot-peened specimens. This novel method is based on magnetic detection of local thermoelectric currents in the compressed near-surface layer of metals when a temperature gradient is established throughout the specimen. Besides the primary residual stress effect, the thermoelectric method is also sensitive to the secondary "material" effects of shot peening (local texture, increased dislocation density, hardening), but it is entirely insensitive to its "geometrical" by-product, i.e., the rough surface topography. Our experimental results in copper indicate that the developed method is more sensitive to residual stress effects than to the secondary material effects, but unequivocal separation of residual stress relaxation from the parallel decay of secondary cold-work effects is generally not feasible. However, since the ratio of residual stress to cold work is primarily determined by the material and the specific surface treatment used, the thermoelectric method still offers the unique capability of nondestructively monitoring thermomechanical relaxation below the treated surface. Preliminary results on IN100 nickel-base superalloy are also presented to demonstrate that the proposed method might be applicable to a wide range of alloys including high-strength, high-temperature engine materials. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Carreon, H (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Nagy, Peter/O-5404-2016 OI Nagy, Peter/0000-0001-5715-2409 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-9847 J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 59 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s00164-002-0001-x PG 22 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 567FN UT WOS:000176474900001 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A Rogers, R Jones, K Dahoda, J AF Hedrick, A Rogers, R Jones, K Dahoda, J TI Learning from each other: Adjustments to the in-season training program SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. Gardner Webb Univ, Boiling Springs, NC 28017 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 3 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 560RL UT WOS:000176095000003 ER PT J AU Lafky, A AF Lafky, A TI Neuromuscular dysfunction as a cause of persistent weakness and/or pain in athletes SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE counterstrain; rehabilitation; sports injuries; neuromuscular dysfunction; reflex system ID ANKLE C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lafky, A (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 3 BP 68 EP 71 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 560RL UT WOS:000176095000015 ER PT J AU Patton, ST Zabinski, JS AF Patton, ST Zabinski, JS TI Failure mechanisms of a MEMS actuator in very high vacuum SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE microelectromechanical systems; vacuum tribology; wear mechanisms ID SURFACE-MICROMACHINED MICROENGINES; MICROMECHANICAL STRUCTURES; SLIDING FRICTION; SILICON-NITRIDE; DIAMOND FILMS; WEAR; ADHESION; POLYCRYSTALLINE; RELIABILITY; STICTION AB The tribochemical and mechanical origins of wear of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuator (electrostatic lateral output motor) operated in very high vacuum (10(-7) torr) are reported in this study. Failure mechanisms in vacuum were determined and then compared to those in dry air, which is one of the harshest environments for causing early failure. Durability in vacuum was poor, even worse than that in dry air. Poor durability in vacuum is related to the kinetics of wear and reformation of the native oxide at asperity contacts. Devices failed due to catastrophic wear in vacuum, and more wear debris was generated than in dry air. There was a fundamental difference in wear debris morphology for devices run in vacuum and dry air. In vacuum, wear debris took the form of pulled-out polysilicon grains. In dry air, wear debris was an agglomerate of smaller particles, which were largely comprised of SiO2. An oxide layer reformed quickly enough in the air mediated wear process to provide some protection, but resulted in oxygen rich wear debris. In vacuum, the passivating native oxide layer was removed exposing reactive areas on the surface, which led to junction formation at Si-Si asperity contacts. It is proposed that interfacial bonds formed at asperity contacts were stronger than the cohesive bonds within the polysilicon, which resulted in grain pull-out in an adhesive wear process. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patton, ST (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 37 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 35 IS 6 BP 373 EP 379 AR PII S0301-679X(02)00018-X DI 10.1016/S0301-679X(02)00018-X PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 584YX UT WOS:000177497300004 ER PT J AU Langhoff, PW Hinde, RJ Boatz, JA Sheehy, JA AF Langhoff, PW Hinde, RJ Boatz, JA Sheehy, JA TI Spectral theory of the chemical bond SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERTURBATION-THEORY AB New theoretical methods are reported for obtaining the binding energies of molecules and other atomic aggregates employing the spectral eigenstates and related properties of the constituent atoms in the absence of prior wave function antisymmetry. Calculations of the lowest-lying attractive and repulsive states of the electron pair bond as functions of atomic separation from chemical (exchange) to physical (van der Waals) binding regions illustrate the nature of the formalism and its convergence to values in accord with results obtained employing conventional methods. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. AF Res Lab, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Langhoff, PW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM langhoff@drifter.sdsc.edu OI Hinde, Robert/0000-0003-3499-9222 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 358 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 236 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00553-5 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00553-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 566GA UT WOS:000176417500010 ER PT J AU Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Braga, GCB Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Bayerl, MW Brandt, MS Obloh, H Kozodoy, P DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK Nakamura, S Haus, E Speck, JS Van Nostrand, JE Sanchez, MA Calleja, E Ptak, AJ Myers, TH Molnar, RJ AF Glaser, ER Carlos, WE Braga, GCB Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Wickenden, AE Koleske, DD Henry, RL Bayerl, MW Brandt, MS Obloh, H Kozodoy, P DenBaars, SP Mishra, UK Nakamura, S Haus, E Speck, JS Van Nostrand, JE Sanchez, MA Calleja, E Ptak, AJ Myers, TH Molnar, RJ TI Characterization of nitrides by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE GaN; InGaN LEDs; p-type doping; photoluminescence; magnetic resonance ID MG-DOPED GAN; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; NUCLEAR DOUBLE-RESONANCE; QUANTUM-WELLS; WURTZITE GAN; YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; UNDOPED GAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE BANDS; RECOMBINATION PROCESSES AB We will highlight our recent work on the properties of residual defects and dopants in GaN heteroepitaxial layers and on the nature of recombination from InGaN single quantum well (SQW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) through magnetic resonance techniques. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODNIR) were performed on undoped (highly resistive and n-type) and intentionally doped (Si, Mg, or Be) GaN films grown by a variety of techniques (MOCVD, MBE, and HVPE) in order to obtain general trends and behavior. Through the spin-Hamiltonian parameters, these methods can reveal symmetry information, the character of the wave function and (ideally) the chemical identity of the defect. In addition, low temperature EPR intensities can be used to determine the neutral acceptor or donor concentrations without the need for contacts or the high temperatures required for Hall effect measurements. The ODNIR was performed on both bandedge (mainly shallow donor-shallow acceptor recombination) and deep (visible and near-IR) PL bands. In spite of the radically different (non-equilibrium) growth techniques, many of the same defects were found in the various samples, Finally, earlier ODMR studies of recombination from Nichia InGaN 'green' and 'blue' LEDs were extended to include shorter ('violet') and longer ('amber') wavelength LEDs and an undoped 30 Angstrom In0.3Ga0.7N/GaN heterostructure. The results provide evidence for spatially separated electrons and holes in the optically-active 30 Angstrom InGaN layers under low photoexcitation conditions, likely due to localization at different potential minima in the x-y planes and/or the large strain-induced piezoelectric fields parallel to the growth direction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20744 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Fraunhofer Inst Appl Solid State Phys, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Elect Engn, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Glaser, ER (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Speck, James/H-5646-2011; Myers, Thomas/C-3769-2013; Brandt, Martin/C-5151-2017 NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD MAY 30 PY 2002 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 39 EP 48 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00007-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00007-7 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 560NY UT WOS:000176089200011 ER PT J AU Shi, W Ding, YJJ Mu, XD Fernelius, N AF Shi, W Ding, YJJ Mu, XD Fernelius, N TI Tunable and coherent nanosecond radiation in the range of 2.7-28.7 mu m based on difference-frequency generation in gallium selenide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER; GASE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Continuously tunable and coherent radiation in the mid-IR range of 2.7-28.7 mum has been achieved in GaSe through type-I difference-frequency generation (DFG). The two mixing beams used for the DFG consist of the idler beam (0.73-1.8 mum) of an optical parametric oscillator pumped by the nanosecond Nd:YAG laser and the residual Nd:YAG fundamental beam (1.064 mum). The maximum peak output power for type-I DFG is measured to be 2.2 kW at the wavelength of 4 mum. Moreover, the type-II DFG with the kilowatt peak power and output wavelength continuously tunable in the range of 4.14-28 mum has also been achieved. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USAF, Mat Directorate, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 18 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 21 BP 3889 EP 3891 DI 10.1063/1.1482144 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 553ZV UT WOS:000175709000003 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Jogai, B Collins, TC AF Reynolds, DC Jogai, B Collins, TC TI Longitudinal excitons in GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE AB Many of the previous investigations of longitudinal excitons have involved reflection and absorption measurements rather than emission. In these measurements it is more difficult to resolve the longitudinal exciton from the Gamma(5) and Gamma(6) free excitons in wurtzite material. The longitudinal excitons have energies and oscillator strengths that depend on the direction of propagation and they are not observable along the principal axis of the crystal. In the wurtzite structure, such as GaN, the Gamma(5) exciton is the pure transverse mode, whereas the longitudinal is a mixed mode going from pure longitudinal, for the propogation direction K perpendicular to C, to pure transverse for K parallel to C. If more than one orientation is present in the sample, it is clear that more than one longitudinal exciton may be seen since it is a mixed mode. In the current experiment we observe more than one mode, which we associate with more than one crystal orientation. This may result from the columnar growth often observed in GaN. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Reynolds, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 21 BP 3928 EP 3930 DI 10.1063/1.1471372 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 553ZV UT WOS:000175709000016 ER PT J AU Woodward, C Rao, SI AF Woodward, C Rao, SI TI Flexible ab initio boundary conditions: Simulating isolated dislocations in bcc Mo and Ta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 90-DEGREES PARTIAL DISLOCATION; (A/2)<111> SCREW DISLOCATIONS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FORMATION ENERGIES; TRANSITION-METALS AB We report the first ab initio density-functional study of the strain field and Peierls stress of isolated <111> screw dislocations in bcc Mo and Ta. The local dislocation strain field is self-consistently coupled to the long-range elastic field using a flexible boundary condition method. This reduces the mesoscopic atomistic calculation to one involving only degrees of freedom near the dislocation core. The predicted equilibrium core for Mo is significantly different from previous atomistic results and the Peierls stress shows significant non-Schmid behavior as expected for the bcc metals. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 24 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 21 AR 216402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.216402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 551UB UT WOS:000175579200024 PM 12059487 ER PT J AU Erwin, RS Bernstein, DS AF Erwin, RS Bernstein, DS TI Fixed-structure discrete-time H-2/H-infinity controller synthesis using the delta operator SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ORDER CONTROL DESIGN; STATIC OUTPUT-FEEDBACK; REDUCED-ORDER; ALGORITHM; COMPENSATORS; OPTIMIZATION; H-2 AB This paper considers the fixed-structure, discrete-time mixed H-2/H-infinity controller synthesis problem in the delta operator (difference operator) framework. The differential operator and shift operator versions of the problem are reviewed for comparison, and necessary conditions are derived for all three formulations. A quasi-Newton/continuation algorithm is then used to obtain approximate solutions to these equations. Controllers are synthesized for two numerical examples, and the performance of the algorithm on the differential, difference and shift operator versions of the problems is compared. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Erwin, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL VSSV, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 75 IS 8 BP 559 EP 571 DI 10.1080/00207170210121925 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 563KM UT WOS:000176254900001 ER PT J AU Luhr, H Maus, S Rother, M Cooke, D AF Luhr, H Maus, S Rother, M Cooke, D TI First in-situ observation of night-time F region currents with the CHAMP satellite SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F; IONOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; DYNAMO; WINDS AB [1] The CHAMP satellite in its polar, low-Earth orbit (450 km altitude) is a suitable platform for studying F region currents. High precision magnetic field measurements are used to detect and characterize these upper ionospheric currents on the Earth's nightside. A few examples are presented to illustrate the special features of the currents and a statistical study is performed on half a year of data revealing their global distribution. We find a spatial confinement of the currents to the near-equatorial region bounded by the Appleton anomaly and their appearance in the pre-midnight sector. The distribution with longitude exhibits high occurrence rates in the Atlantic sector and very few events in the Indian sector. The currents flow generally westward at a height-integrated current density of several mA/m. Small-scale fluctuations observed in current intensity are interpreted as an indication for plasma instabilities in the F region. Our analysis indicates that the appearance of F region currents is coupled with the presence of plasma bubbles. C1 Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Luhr, H (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1489 DI 10.1029/2001GL013845 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DL UT WOS:000178888300017 ER PT J AU Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Fang, ZQ Look, DC Molnar, RJ Osinsky, AV AF Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Fang, ZQ Look, DC Molnar, RJ Osinsky, AV TI Deep hole traps in n-GaN films grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION AB Concentrations of deep hole traps were measured in a set of hydride vapor phase epitaxy grown samples with thicknesses varying from 2.6 to 68 mum. Results were obtained from low temperature capacitance-voltage measurements before and after illumination and from deep level transient spectroscopy measurements with optical injection (ODLTS). The former revealed the presence of high densities (similar to10(15) to 10(16) cm(-3)) of hole traps whose concentration decreased with sample thickness in a manner similar to that found for the dislocation density. Capacitance versus temperature measurements in the dark and after illumination suggested that these traps form a band of states rather than a single level in the GaN band gap. It is suggested that such states could be associated with dislocations. The main hole traps observed by ODLTS were deep hole traps, of energy near E-v+0.9 eV. Their density was also observed to substantially decrease with sample thickness. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Rare Met, Moscow 109017, Russia. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. Corning Appl Technol, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. RP Polyakov, AY (reprint author), Inst Rare Met, B Tolmachevsky 5, Moscow 109017, Russia. RI Smirnov, Nickolai/K-8935-2015 OI Smirnov, Nickolai/0000-0002-4993-0175 NR 16 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6580 EP 6584 DI 10.1063/1.1468909 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551QL UT WOS:000175572500049 ER PT J AU Davis, MR Ortegon, DP Clouse, WD Kerby, JD DeCaprio, JD Chiou, A Hagino, RT Kashyap, VS AF Davis, MR Ortegon, DP Clouse, WD Kerby, JD DeCaprio, JD Chiou, A Hagino, RT Kashyap, VS TI Luminal thrombus disrupts nitric oxide-dependent endothelial physiology SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Academic-Surgery CY NOV 15-17, 2001 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN SP Assoc Acad Surg DE thrombus; thrombosis; endothelium; dysfunction; nitric oxide; porcine; model; acetylcholine; nitroprusside; ultrasound ID L-ARGININE; THROMBOLYSIS; CELLS; THROMBECTOMY; ARTERY; VEIN AB Background. The goals of this study were: (1) to develop a large animal model to study endothelial function, and (2) to determine if arterial thrombosis induces endothelial dysfunction in vivo. Methods. Surgical exposure of the porcine iliac and femoral arteries was performed. Normal porcine arteries were compared with arteries subjected to 90 min of arterial thrombosis. External iliac artery (EIA) luminal diameters were measured using M- and B-mode duplex ultrasound. Endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) and endothelium-independent relaxation (EIR) were measured using acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (NTP), respectively. Endothelial integrity was determined by factor VIII immunohistochemistry (F8) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nitric oxide levels were determined using a chemiluminescence assay of nitrite/nitrate metabolites (NOx). Continuous variables were analyzed using the two-tailed Student t test. Results. Control artery EDR was 80 +/- 7.1% (+/- SE), while arteries exposed to luminal thrombus for 90 min had an EDR of 55.2 +/- 5.7% (ACh = 15 mug/min, n = 11, P = 0.0231). EIR was preserved in normal and thrombosis groups with uniform response to NTP (4.92 +/- 0.1 cm vs 5.07 +/- 0.42 cm, P = 0.76). FS staining identified endothelium in all groups. SEM analysis revealed an intact monolayer of endothelium after thrombosis. Local NOx levels were 17.3% lower after 90 min of thrombosis (49.3 muM vs 40.8 muM, n = 16, P < 0.001). Conclusions. Luminal thrombus induces arterial dysfunction acutely without causing endothelial cell loss. EIR remains unaffected, indicating normal smooth muscle cell function. NO, levels suggest that nitric oxide levels are decreased acutely after thrombosis. The development of this porcine large animal model allows the in vivo study of vasospasm and alternative thrombolytic regimens. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Kashyap, VS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. OI Kerby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7368-1124 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 104 IS 2 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1006/jsre.2002.6420 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 560GL UT WOS:000176074300007 PM 12020129 ER PT J AU Sukow, DW Hegg, MC Wright, JL Gavrielides, A AF Sukow, DW Hegg, MC Wright, JL Gavrielides, A TI Mixed external cavity mode dynamics in a semiconductor laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS; OPTICAL FEEDBACK; STABILIZATION; BIFURCATION; SUPPRESSION; SUBJECT; DIODES AB We observe experimentally and numerically novel mixed-mode dynamic states of a diode laser subject to two delayed optical feedbacks. These states have been proposed and analyzed within the framework of the Lang-Kobayashi single-feedback model. Such states are combinations of two distinct external cavity modes and can be identified through a characteristic sequence of a Hopf bifurcation followed by a secondary quasiperiodic bifurcation. We present experimental and numerical results that demonstrate such sequences. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sukow, DW (reprint author), Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 10 BP 827 EP 829 DI 10.1364/OL.27.000827 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 555GJ UT WOS:000175786100011 PM 18007941 ER PT J AU Weeks, DE Yang, SH Gregg, MR Novotny, SJ Greene, KD Hengehold, RL AF Weeks, DE Yang, SH Gregg, MR Novotny, SJ Greene, KD Hengehold, RL TI Intersubband infrared absorption spectra of Si/Si1-xGex quantum wells grown in the [110] direction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MICROSTRUCTURES; PHOTODETECTORS; SUPERLATTICES; TRANSITIONS; GEXSI1-X/SI; DERIVATION; SUBBANDS; SILICON AB Matrix elements of the 6x6 k.p Hamiltonian, H-k.p, suitable for describing quantum wells grown in the [110] crystallographic orientation, are introduced. The k.p Hamiltonian is combined with a strain H-st, and a spin-orbit H-so Hamiltonian to yield a total Hamiltonian H=H-k.p+H-st+H-so that describes the bulk barrier and well regions of a single-quantum-well heterostructure. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the total Hamiltonian are used together with the envelope-function approximation to calculate quantum-well dispersion relations and momentum matrix elements for B-doped Si/Si1-xGex quantum wells grown in the [110] direction. The momentum matrix elements are used together with a simple Lorentzian model for line broadening and an exchange energy correction to calculate the intersubband absorption spectrum. The results are in reasonable agreement with experimental observation, and confirm that quantum wells grown in the [110] direction exhibit strong normal incidence absorption. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Weeks, DE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, 2950 P St, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 19 AR 195314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.195314 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 556QR UT WOS:000175860900084 ER PT J AU Christ, JA Goltz, MN AF Christ, JA Goltz, MN TI Hydraulic containment: analytical and semi-analytical models for capture zone curve delineation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE analytical solution; capture zone; groundwater containment and remediation complex potential theory ID MULTIPLE-WELL SYSTEMS; SEAWATER INTRUSION; FLOW MODELS; AQUIFER; DESIGN; TIME; REMEDIATION; SIMULATION; INJECTION; WIDTH AB We present an efficient semi-analytical algorithm that uses complex potential theory and superposition to delineate the capture zone curves of extraction wells. This algorithm is more flexible than previously published techniques and allows the user to determine the capture zone for a number of arbitrarily positioned extraction wells pumping at different rates. The algorithm is applied to determine the capture zones and optimal well spacing of two wells pumping at different flow rates and positioned at various orientations to the direction of regional groundwater flow. The algorithm is also applied to determine capture zones for non-colinear three-well configurations as well as to determine optimal well spacing for up to six wells pumping at the same rate. We show that the optimal well spacing is found by minimizing the difference in the stream function evaluated at the stagnation points. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Osan Air Base, South Korea. RP Christ, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 262 IS 1-4 BP 224 EP 244 AR PII S0022-1694(02)00026-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00026-4 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 552DC UT WOS:000175602400015 ER PT J AU Seshacharyulu, T Dutta, B AF Seshacharyulu, T Dutta, B TI Influence of prior deformation rate on the mechanism of beta -> alpha+beta transformation in Ti-6Al-4V SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE titanium; phase transformation; strain rate microstructure ID STRAIN-INDUCED PRECIPITATION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; AUSTENITE; KINETICS; STEELS; ALLOY AB Hot compression tests conducted on Ti-6Al-4V near the beta transus and a wide strain rate range (10(-3) -100 s(-1)) revealed that the prior deformation rate causes a significant change in the mechanism of beta-->alpha+beta phase transformation. The evolution of equiaxed alpha morphology after deformation at high strain rates (1-100 s(-1)) is explained on the basis of dislocation assisted precipitation model. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Res Lab, MLMR, AFRL, Mat Proc Design Branch,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. TH Darmstadt, Dept Mat Sci, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Seshacharyulu, T (reprint author), USAF Res Lab, MLMR, AFRL, Mat Proc Design Branch,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 BP 673 EP 678 AR PII S1359-6462(02)00051-9 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00051-9 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564HL UT WOS:000176308900010 ER PT J AU Pikas, DJ Kirkpatrick, SM Tewksbury, E Brott, LL Naik, RR Stone, MO Dennis, WM AF Pikas, DJ Kirkpatrick, SM Tewksbury, E Brott, LL Naik, RR Stone, MO Dennis, WM TI Nonlinear saturation and lasing characteristics of green fluorescent protein SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID UPCONVERSION LASER; FIBER LASER; DYE-SOLUTION; ONE-PHOTON; BLUE; EXCITATION; DYNAMICS AB Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been of interest to researchers recently due to its use in nonlinear microscopy and biomedical applications. Through the use of nonlinear characterization, GFP has been previously shown to exhibit saturable nonlinear absorption. This nonlinear saturation suggests the possibility of a two-photon induced population inversion in GFP, which can lead to the use of GFP as a frequency upconversion laser material, particularly for bioMEMS devices. Here, we explore this population inversion and report on the ultrafast two-photon pumped lasing properties of GFP. Specifically, we report on the lasing threshold, spectral features and output-input energy characteristics. This is the first demonstration of ultrafast two-photon pumped lasing in a biological chromophore. Furthermore, GFP also appears to have a nearly cubic dependence of the saturation intensity on the concentration of GFP molecules. In this report, we also investigate this relationship by looking at the theoretical components affecting the saturation intensity to determine their dependence on GFP concentration. C1 WPAFB, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, SM (reprint author), WPAFB, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Bldg 651 Suite 13005 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 9 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 18 BP 4831 EP 4837 DI 10.1021/jp014643s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 550DN UT WOS:000175488500035 ER PT J AU Jones, K Turcotte, J AF Jones, K Turcotte, J TI Finite element model updating using antiresonant frequencies SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB This paper uses antiresonant frequencies in the finite element model updating of an experimental 6-m aluminum truss and analyzes the physical correctness of the updated model by using it to detect damage. Rigid elements are used to simplify the modelling of welded joints, and their dimensions are used as parameters in an iterative update based on eigenvalue and antiresonance sensitivities. An update using both natural frequencies and antiresonant frequencies is shown to produce a 48% better correlation to experimental frequency response functions (FRFs) than an update that uses only natural frequencies. The antiresonant updated model is used to predict FRFs for the truss in 112 damaged configurations. Pattern classification and curve-fit algorithms for damage detection are tested. The curve-fit method correctly identified damage 92.6% of the time compared to 76.1% for the pattern classifier. The high quality of the model is attributed to the use of rigid elements that are updated using antiresonant frequencies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAY 9 PY 2002 VL 252 IS 4 BP 717 EP 727 DI 10.1006/jsvi.2001.3697 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 562ZN UT WOS:000176229000006 ER PT J AU Hendricks, JH de Clercq, HL Freidhoff, CB Arnold, ST Eaton, JG Fancher, C Lyapustina, SA Snodgrass, JT Bowen, KH AF Hendricks, JH de Clercq, HL Freidhoff, CB Arnold, ST Eaton, JG Fancher, C Lyapustina, SA Snodgrass, JT Bowen, KH TI Anion solvation at the microscopic level: Photoelectron spectroscopy of the solvated anion clusters, NO-(Y)(n), where Y=Ar, Kr, Xe, N2O, H2S, NH3, H2O, and C2H4(OH)(2) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR NEGATIVE-IONS; ELECTRON PHOTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON-DIOXIDE CLUSTERS; GAS-PHASE; PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; WATER CLUSTERS; EXCITED-STATES; NO-AR AB The negative ion photoelectron spectra of the gas-phase, ion-neutral complexes; NO-(Ar)(n=1-14), NO-(Kr)(1), NO-(Xe)(n=1-4), NO-(N2O)(n=3-5), NO-(H2S)(1), NO-(NH3)(1), and NO-(EG)(1) [EG=ethylene glycol] are reported herein, building on our previous photoelectron studies of NO-(N2O)(1,2) and NO-(H2O)(1,2). Anion solvation energetic and structural implications are explored as a function of cluster size in several of these and as a result of varying the nature of the solvent in others. Analysis of these spectra yields adiabatic electron affinities, total stabilization (solvation) energies, and stepwise stabilization (solvation) energies for each of the species studied. An examination of NO-(Ar)(n=1-14) energetics as a function of cluster size reveals that its first solvation shell closes at n=12, with an icosahedral structure there strongly implied. This result is analogous to that previously found in our study of O-(Ar)(n). Inspection of stepwise stabilization energy size dependencies, however, suggests drastically different structures for NO-(Ar)(2) and O-(Ar)(2), the former being "Y" shaped, and the latter being linear. While stepwise stabilization energies usually provide good estimates of ion-single solvent dissociation energies, in the cases of NO-(Ar)(1), NO-(Kr)(1), and NO-(Xe)(1), it is possible to determine more precise values. A plot of these anion-solvent dissociation energies shows them to vary linearly with rare gas atom polarizability, confirming the dominance of an ion-induced dipole interaction in these complexes. Extrapolation of this trend permits the estimation of NO-... (rare gas atom) interaction energies for helium, neon, and radon, as well. The relative strengths of the molecular solvents, N2O, H2S, NH3, H2O, and EG are reflected in their stepwise stabilization energies and in the degree of broadening observed in their photoelectron spectra. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Baltimore, MD 21203 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Stanford Res Syst, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. Int Pharmaceut Aerosol Consortium, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Taylor Technol, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Charles & 34th St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM kitbowen@jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu NR 109 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 18 BP 7926 EP 7938 DI 10.1063/1.1457444 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 545BL UT WOS:000175196300017 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Gin, A Razeghi, M Brown, GJ AF Wei, Y Gin, A Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Advanced InAs/GaSb superlattice photovoltaic detectors for very long wavelength infrared applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INAS/GA1-XINXSB SUPERLATTICE; PHOTODIODES; PERFORMANCE; RANGE AB We report on the temperature dependence of the photoresponse of very long wavelength infrared type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice based photovoltaic detectors grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The detectors had a 50% cutoff wavelength of 18.8 mum and a peak current responsivity of 4 A/W at 80 K. A peak detectivity of 4.5x10(10) cm Hz(1/2)/W was achieved at 80 K at a reverse bias of 110 mV. The generation-recombination lifetime was 0.4 ns at 80 K. The cutoff wavelength increased very slowly with increasing temperature with a net shift from 20 to 80 K of only 1.2 mum. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009; Gin, Aaron/E-3647-2010 NR 11 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 18 BP 3262 EP 3264 DI 10.1063/1.1476395 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 546WE UT WOS:000175298400006 ER PT J AU Blackshire, JL Sathish, S AF Blackshire, JL Sathish, S TI Near-field ultrasonic scattering from surface-breaking cracks SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The near-field scattering of ultrasonic Rayleigh waves from surface-breaking cracks has been studied using scanning heterodyne interferometry. Distinct two-dimensional, localized displacement patterns were observed in the near field of the scattering sites, which provide an effective tool for detecting and characterizing the defects. The observed patterns showed a dramatic increase (2x-4x) in the ultrasonic displacement levels near the crack faces, allowing the cracks to be easily distinguished from background levels. A simple explanation for the increased near-field displacement amplitudes is presented that is based on wave propagation and free-boundary reflection arguments. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Ctr Mat Diagnost, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 18 BP 3442 EP 3444 DI 10.1063/1.1476722 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 546WE UT WOS:000175298400066 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Scott, JM Miracle, DB AF Senkov, ON Scott, JM Miracle, DB TI Crystallization kinetics of an amorphous Al85Ni10Y2.5La2.5 alloy SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE amorphous materials; crystal growth; X-ray diffraction; scanning electron rnicroscopy; thermal analysis ID AL; NANOQUASICRYSTALLINE AB Amorphous Al(85)Ni(10)y(2.5)La(2.5) alloy powder with the particle size of -500 mesh was produced by gas atomization. Crystallization kinetics of the amorphous phase were studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy. Crystallization occurred in the temperature range 230-450degreesC in three exothermic reaction steps. The onset and peak temperatures for these reactions shifted toward higher temperatures when the heating rate was increased; this allowed the activation energies of the mechanisms controlling each step of the crystallization to be determined as 148, 336, and 274 kJ/mol, respectively. XRD and SEM analysis of the powder heated to different temperatures showed that precipitation of Al-based particles occurred during the first exothermic reaction, crystallization of the Al4La phase and an increase in the volume fraction of the Al-based phase took place during the second exothermic reaction, and development of the Al3Ni phase occurred during the third exothermic reaction. After annealing at 550degreesC, the powder consisted of Al-based matrix reinforced with very fine intermetallic particles of different morphologies. The mechanism of crystallization is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 2 PY 2002 VL 337 BP 83 EP 88 AR PII S0925-8388(01)01909-0 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01909-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 547XT UT WOS:000175358700018 ER PT J AU Golden, MC McGill, RJ Heimer, NE AF Golden, MC McGill, RJ Heimer, NE TI Ethyl N-(3-oxobutanoyl)carbamate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, USAFA,DFC, DFC, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Golden, MC (reprint author), USAF Acad, USAFA,DFC, DFC, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 BP o553 EP o554 DI 10.1107/s1600536802006797 PN 5 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 546XW UT WOS:000175302500064 ER PT J AU Bayha, T Evans, D Furrer, D Poole, A AF Bayha, T Evans, D Furrer, D Poole, A TI Metals affordability initiative consortium SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB The purpose of the Metals Affordability Initiative (MAD is to improve the efficiency and reduce the costs of the methods by which metal parts are manufactured for aerospace applications. C1 Allvac, Monroe, NC 28110 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ladish Co Inc, Cudahy, WI USA. Lockheed Martin Aeronaut Marietta, Marietta, GA USA. RP Bayha, T (reprint author), Allvac, Monroe, NC 28110 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 160 IS 5 BP 30 EP 32 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 548VA UT WOS:000175409500003 ER PT J AU Latin, RM Bowersox, RDW AF Latin, RM Bowersox, RDW TI Temporal turbulent flow structure for supersonic rough-wall boundary layers SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SMOOTH AB An experimental study of the temporal turbulent flow structure for high-speed (M = 2.8), high-Reynolds-number (Re/m = 1.9 x 10(7)), rough-wall boundary-layer flow was performed. Six wall topologies consisting of a smooth and five rough surfaces (k(s)(+) =104-571) were studied. The hot-film measurements consisted of mass-flux power spectra, autocorrelations, cross correlations, integral timescales, and flow structure angle information at three locations (y/delta(M) = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) within the boundary layers. The power spectra curves, with inner scaling, were found to shift up and to the right with increasing roughness height at all three boundary-layer locations signifying increased turbulence production and transport. The integral scales decreased with roughness height across the boundary layers, and, for k(s)(+) greater than or equal to 250, were nominally, independent of boundary-layer location. The measurements confirmed the inertial subrange indicating that the expected cascade and dissipation mechanisms were, present. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate External Programs, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Latin, RM (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate External Programs, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 832 EP 841 DI 10.2514/2.1749 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 611YC UT WOS:000179044700004 ER PT J AU Dalton, SR Baptista, MA Libow, LF Elston, DM AF Dalton, SR Baptista, MA Libow, LF Elston, DM TI Lichenoid tissue reaction in malignant melanoma - A potential diagnostic pitfall SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amelanotic melanoma; malignant melanoma; melanoma in situ; lichenoid tissue reaction; benign lichenoid keratosis; regression AB Lichenoid tissue reactions can occur in malignant melanoma and may cause partial regression of the lesion. We studied a series of melanomas to determine how frequently, lichenoid tissue reaction obscures the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. We retrospectively reviewed 342 cases of invasive Malignant melanoma and melanoma in situ from the head, neck, chest, and back Of the 3.42 cases, 23 (6.7%) had a lichenoid tissue reaction obscuring a portion of the lesion. In 6 cases (1.8%), the lichenoid tissue reaction replaced a major portion of the lesion. Knowledge of this phenomenon can prevent misdiagnosis. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, MCHE, DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, MCHE, DD, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 117 IS 5 BP 766 EP 770 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 546YX UT WOS:000175305600012 PM 12090426 ER PT J AU Vendrell, RJ Hayden, CL Taloumis, LJ AF Vendrell, RJ Hayden, CL Taloumis, LJ TI Effect of steam versus dry-heat sterilization on the wear of orthodontic ligature-cutting pliers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this study was to compare the wear of orthodontic ligature-cutting pliers after multiple cycles of cutting stainless steel ligature wire (.025 mm) and sterilizing with dry heat or steam autoclave. Fifty ligature-cutting pliers with stainless steel inserts were randomly divided into 2 equal groups to be sterilized in either dry heat or steam autoclave. Each plier was subjected to a series of ligature wire cuts followed by the assigned sterilization method. The amount of wear at the tip of each plier in both groups was measured with a stereo microscope system and digital photomicrography. Wear was defined as the difference in initial length from a marked reference line to the tip of the plier minus the length after 6 and 12 cycles of use and sterilization. There was no significant difference in the mean wear at the tip of the pliers between the 2 groups. It appears that there is no need to maintain both sterilization systems, dry heat and steam autoclave, in the orthodontic office. Steam autoclave sterilization can be used with no deleterious effects on the pliers if they are manufactured with stainless steel inserts. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, TriServ Orthodont Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Taloumis, LJ (reprint author), MRDR, 59th Dent Squadron, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 121 IS 5 BP 467 EP 471 DI 10.1037/mod.2002.122175 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 562JW UT WOS:000176194500007 PM 12045764 ER PT J AU Evans, LJ Peters, C Flickinger, C Taloumis, L Dunn, W AF Evans, LJ Peters, C Flickinger, C Taloumis, L Dunn, W TI A comparison of shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets using various light sources, light guides, and cure times SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID VISIBLE-LIGHT; ACTIVATED COMPOSITES; ARGON-LASER; INVITRO; RESIN; SYSTEMS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different cure times, light sources, and light guides on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) to bovine enamel. Specifically, the Power Slot (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, III) light guide was placed on 4 visible light sources to compare shear bond strengths and recommended cure times with the light guides provided with each light source. We randomly divided 240 bovine mandibular incisors into 16 groups; each group consisted of 15 teeth mounted in an acrylic block. Each group of teeth was polymerized with a specific light and light guide combination. Eight groups were sheared after 5 minutes and the remaining 8 groups after 24 hours. After bonding, all brackets were subjected to a shear force with a testing machine. Overall, there was a significant increase in bond strengths of the 24-hour groups compared with the 5-minute shearing groups. However, there were no statistical differences (P = .05) within the 24-hour test groups or the 5-minute test groups. The results of this study indicate that, compared with standard light guides, the Power Slot and the Turbo Tip (Ormco Sybron Dental Specialties, Orange, Calif) light guides can significantly reduce the curing times (10 seconds per bracket; 5 seconds each from mesial and distal) without affecting their shear bond strengths. Therefore, the Power Slot and the Turbo Tip light guides with their collimation of visible light to increase its intensity can be recommended as advantageous alternatives for curing composite resins for orthodontic bonding procedures. C1 USAF, Dent Corps, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Evans, LJ (reprint author), 2nd Dent Squadron, 1067 Twinning Dr, Barksdale AFB, LA 71110 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 121 IS 5 BP 510 EP 515 DI 10.1067/mod.2002.121558 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 562JW UT WOS:000176194500012 PM 12045769 ER PT J AU Leyendecker, JR Grayson, DE Good, R AF Leyendecker, JR Grayson, DE Good, R TI Transient postpartum portosystemic shunting revealed by MR venography SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PORTAL-VEIN; PREGNANCY; RAT C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Leyendecker, JR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 178 IS 5 BP 1152 EP 1154 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 543AA UT WOS:000175077200020 PM 11959721 ER PT J AU Morasch, MD Gurjala, AN Washington, E Chiou, AC Simonetti, OP Finn, JP Yao, JST AF Morasch, MD Gurjala, AN Washington, E Chiou, AC Simonetti, OP Finn, JP Yao, JST TI Cross-sectional magnetic resonance angiography is accurate in predicting degree of carotid stenosis SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Symposium on Vascular-Surgery-Society-for-Clinical-Vascular-Surgery CY MAR 18, 2000 CL RANCHO MIRAGE, CALIFORNIA SP Vascul Surg Soc Clin Vascul Surg ID CONVENTIONAL ANGIOGRAPHY; DUPLEX ULTRASOUND; ARTERY STENOSIS; MR-ANGIOGRAPHY; IN-VIVO AB Carotid stenosis is currently estimated using methods based on flow velocity or two-dimensional projection images. Manipulation of magnetic resonance (MR) images in three dimensions (3-D MR) allows for direct measurement of carotid artery cross-sectional luminal area. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the accuracy of 3-D MR as a technique for estimating carotid artery stenosis, and (2) to compare 3-D MR results with estimates from duplex ultrasound sonography (DUS) and conventional angiography. Twenty-nine patients underwent rapid, contrast-enhanced MRA within 1 month prior to carotid endarterectomy to obtain 3-D angiographic images of the carotid bifurcation. From these data, post-processing software was used to generate a longitudinal axis through the center of the vessel along which orthogonal cross-sectional images were taken. Luminal area measurements at the location of tightest stenosis and the distal normal internal carotid artery were obtained and used to calculate percent area stenosis. Applying the same procedure, 18 en bloc, ex vivo carotid plaques served as the standard against which we compared in vivo 3-D MR measurements at the location of tightest stenosis. Percent stenosis comparisons between MRA, angiography, and duplex ultrasound were also made. Our results showed that the measurement of luminal area by 3-D MR is accurate in predicting the degree of carotid stenosis. Direct measurement of luminal area may overcome limitations inherent to methods that rely on flow velocities and two-dimensional views of the carotid vasculature. A larger prospective study is necessary to confirm the reliability of this technique. C1 Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Div Vasc Surg, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. USAF Med Corps, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Seimens Med Syst, Chicago, IL USA. Northwestern Univ, Div MR Res, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Morasch, MD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Div Vasc Surg, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RI Simonetti, Orlando/E-4098-2011 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 266 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10016-001-0102-z PG 7 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 573AM UT WOS:000176807200002 PM 11957000 ER PT J AU Dorotovic, I Sobotka, M Brandt, PN Simon, GW AF Dorotovic, I Sobotka, M Brandt, PN Simon, GW TI Evolution and motions of small-scale photospheric structures near a largesolar pore SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : granulation; Sun : sunspots ID PENUMBRAL BRIGHT GRAINS; FINE-STRUCTURE; SUNSPOT UMBRAE; RESOLUTION; LIFETIMES; FLOWS; DOTS AB The analysis of an 11-hour series of high resolution white light observations of a large pore in the sunspot group NOAA 7519, observed on 5 June 1993 at the Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope, La Palma, Canary Islands, is described. We used a total of 1782 frames, with average time interval of 22 s. Special attention was paid to the evolution of a filamentary region attached to the pore, to horizontal motions around the pore, and to small-scale morphological changes. The filamentary region was observed to change its structure back and forth between penumbra-like filaments and elongated granules. A clockwise rotation of this region around the center of the pore was detected during the whole observing period. This rotation had angular velocities decreasing with time from 7.6degrees h(-1) to 2.7degrees h(-1). Motions inside the filamentary region and around the pore, including penetrations of photospheric granules into the pore, were studied in detail using local correlation and feature tracking algorithms. It was found that the observed filamentary region, although having some typical penumbral features, was different from a normal penumbra. C1 Slovak Cent Observ, Hurbanovo 94701, Slovakia. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. Kiepenheuer Inst Sonnenphys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Natl Solar Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Emeritus Res Serv, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. RP Sobotka, M (reprint author), Slovak Cent Observ, POB 42, Hurbanovo 94701, Slovakia. EM dorotovic@suh.sk; msobotka@asu.cas.cz; pnb@kis.uni-freiburg.de; simon@nso.edu RI Sobotka, Michal/G-9042-2014; Dorotovic, Ivan/A-3056-2014 OI Sobotka, Michal/0000-0001-5439-7822; Dorotovic, Ivan/0000-0002-0539-8041 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 387 IS 2 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20020374 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 556PM UT WOS:000175858200029 ER PT J AU Ireland, RR AF Ireland, RR TI Pharmacologic considerations for serotonin reuptake inhibitor use by aviators SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE aviation medicine; depression; serotonin; antidepressant ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; HUMAN-BRAIN; IN-VIVO; FLUOXETINE; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; SERTRALINE; PSYCHOMOTOR; PERFORMANCE AB Physicians frequently use serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) to treat a variety of psychiatric and medical conditions, many of which occur in aviators. SRIs are efficacious for treating acute conditions and may also prove useful for prophylaxis against recurrence through maintenance dosage. Aviators must meet standard safety criteria in order to use medications while performing flying duties, and must receive individual waivers as well. This article reviews the particular threats that serotonergic agents pose to aviation safety. Some SRIs may prove safer than others to use in the aviation environment, but such medications will require appropriate ground testing, and must provide aeromedically safe control of the symptoms for which they are prescribed. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FECN,Clin Sci Div, Neuropsychiat Branch,Aeromed Consultat Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Ireland, RR (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FECN,Clin Sci Div, Neuropsychiat Branch,Aeromed Consultat Serv, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 73 IS 5 BP 421 EP 429 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 545KR UT WOS:000175216800001 PM 12014600 ER PT J AU Balldin, UI O'Connor, RR Werchan, PM Isdahl, WM Demitry, PF Stork, RL Morgan, TR AF Balldin, UI O'Connor, RR Werchan, PM Isdahl, WM Demitry, PF Stork, RL Morgan, TR TI Heat stress effects for USAF anti-G suits with and without a counter-pressure vest SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acceleration tolerance; heat stress; dehydration; anti-G suit AB Background: Aircrew have reported increased heat stress when wearing the USAF Combined Advanced Technology Enhanced Design G-Ensemble or COMBAT EDGE (CE). The perceived thermal burden has been attributed to the fact that CE includes an inflatable counter-pressure vest to ease the work of positive pressure breathing during G (PBG). This study compared the heat load of CE with that of the standard USAF anti-G system (STD) without the vest, and measured heat stress effects on G-tolerance in both suits. Methods: This study had 12 subjects 16 of them aircrew) who participated. Simulated preflight thermal stress (20 min walking at 35degreesC with 85% relative humidity and radiant heat) was followed by return to a cooler environment (21degreesC). G-tolerance and subjective stress levels were determined on the human centrifuge before and after the heat stress. Body weight, rectal and skin temperatures, and blood parameters were also assessed. Results: Baseline relaxed tolerance for +Gz gradual onset runs (GORs) were (mean +/- SD) 17.6 +/- 1.3 G for CE and 7.1 = 0.8 G for STD (p < 0.05. Maximal rectal temperature following heat stress peaked at 38.1 +/- 0.4&DEG;C for both CE and STD, and mean nude weight loss was 1.10 +/- 0.24 kg for both. Relaxed GOR tolerances after heat stress were 7.1 +/- 1.3 for CE and 6.3 +/- 0.9 for STD (p < 0.01). The heat stress significantly reduced G tolerance for both CE and STD (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Simulated preflight activity in hot conditions revealed no significant difference between CE and STD with regard to maximal core and skin temperature elevations or dehydration levels. CE supported a significantly higher baseline relaxed G-tolerance than STD, an advantage that persisted after heat stress and dehydration. keywords: acceleration tolerance, heat stress, dehydration, anti-G suit. dehydrated aircrew, although the improvements were not statistically significant. From this one might expect that PBG world at least partly counteract the reduced G-tolerance in crews suffering from heat stress and dehydration. Nunneley et al. (8) examined whether CE created a greater heat load than standard summer flight equipment (STD) during F-16 sorties in hot weather. The study showed that, while the crews thought they were hotter, core temperatures with and without the vest were not statistically different. However, the failure to demonstrate objective differences could have been due to the variability of conditions inherent in field studies. Thus, to address continuing aircrew concern that CE is hotter than STD, we compared thermal burden and G-tolerance for the two ensembles in a controlled laboratory environment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wyle Labs Inc, AFRL HEP, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Biodynam & Protect Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Air Combat Command, Headquarters, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Balldin, UI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wyle Labs Inc, AFRL HEP, 2504 Gillingham Drive,Suite 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 73 IS 5 BP 456 EP 459 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 545KR UT WOS:000175216800005 PM 12014604 ER PT J AU DeAngelo, AJ Lancaster-Weiss, KJ Eliason, S Troyer, D Wortham, WG AF DeAngelo, AJ Lancaster-Weiss, KJ Eliason, S Troyer, D Wortham, WG TI Diabetic nephropathy with interstitial nephritis presenting with a false-positive anti-GBM antibody SO CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOODPASTURES-SYNDROME; DISEASE; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; COLLAGEN AB A 56-year-old male with DM and HTN presented with flank pain and nausea. Review of systems was negative, physical examination was notable for mild hypovolemia and laboratory revealed BUN 51 mg/dl, creatinine (Cr) 5.1 mg/dl (baseline 1.5), Westergren ESR 122 mm/h, fractional excretion of sodium 0.2% and UA positive for blood and protein. Despite volume resuscitation the Cr continued to rise. Urine sediment analysis revealed granular casts, renal tubular epithelial cells and a negative Hansel's stain. Hemodialysis was initiated with Cr 13.7 mg/dl for dyspnea and dysgeusia. Subsequent laboratory data revealed 2 separate positive anti-GBM antibody titers and prednisone therapy was initiated. Renal biopsy was performed for further diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic information and demonstrated interstitial nephritis with linear IgG and albumin deposition consistent with diabetic nephropathy. Follow-up antibody titers were negative, prednisone was discontinued and Cr stabilized with conservative therapy. Anti-GBM antibody disease is characterized by circulating IgG antibodies directed against the glomerular basement membrane, specifically the alpha-3 (IV) collagen chain. Anti-GBM nephritis is a rapidly progressive, isolated glomerulonephritis in association with circulating anti-GBM antibodies. A positive immunofluorescence (IF) test is considered diagnostic in the appropriate clinical setting. Therapies include immunosuppressive agents to suppress new antibody production and plasmapheresis to eliminate circulating antibodies. Anti-GBM antibody is not rapidly cleared by steroid therapy and the recovery of renal function is rare if initiation Cr is greater than 7 mg/dl. This case demonstrates that the current ELISA for alpha-3 (IV) collagen is not pathognomonic for anti-GBM nephritis and that renal biopsy with IF for IgG and albumin may be indicated to prevent administration of potentially toxic treatment. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP DeAngelo, AJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI DEISENHOFEN-MUENCHEN PA BAHNHOFSTRASSE 9 POSTFACH 49, D-82032 DEISENHOFEN-MUENCHEN, GERMANY SN 0301-0430 J9 CLIN NEPHROL JI Clin. Nephrol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 57 IS 5 BP 381 EP 385 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 546HK UT WOS:000175268500010 ER PT J AU Noah, DL Huebner, KD Darling, RG Waeckerle, JF AF Noah, DL Huebner, KD Darling, RG Waeckerle, JF TI The history and threat of biological warfare and terrorism SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION; OUTBREAK AB Biological agents have long been used during warfare. Recently they have become instruments of terror, effective in many ways-even as hoaxes. This article reviews some of the more notable examples of the use of biological agents in warfare and terrorism and discusses the current threat in the shadow of the events of September 11, 2001. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Dept,USAF, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Emergency Med Residency Program, Darnall Army Community Hosp, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. USN, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Aeromed Isolat Team & Containment Care, Operat Med Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Leawood, KS 66224 USA. RP Noah, DL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Dept,USAF, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 255 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(01)00002-5 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(01)00002-5 PG 18 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300003 PM 12120479 ER PT J AU Marmelstein, RE AF Marmelstein, RE TI Force templates: A blueprint for coalition interaction within an infosphere SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Knowledge Systems for Coalition Operations (KSCO 2002) CY APR, 2002 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Marmelstein, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1094-7167 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1109/MIS.2002.1005629 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 556JK UT WOS:000175845500008 ER PT J AU Nikolaev, VD Zagidullin, MV Svistun, MI Anderson, BT Tate, RE Hager, GD AF Nikolaev, VD Zagidullin, MV Svistun, MI Anderson, BT Tate, RE Hager, GD TI Results of small-signal gain measurements on a supersonic chemical oxygen iodine laser with an advanced nozzle bank SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE atomic iodine; laser; small-signal gain; spectroscopy ID WATER-VAPOR; DIAGNOSTICS; COIL AB High-resolution diode laser spectroscopy has been used to probe the gain in the active medium formed by an advanced supersonic chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL), ejector nozzle bank. The probe beam was directed through the medium at 90degrees (normal) to the flow velocity and at an angle of 27.5degrees away from normal incidence. Analysis of the small-signal gain spectrum allowed for the determination of the gain, average gas velocity, static pressure, and temperature. The dependence of gain, temperature, and gas velocity on the primary nitrogen molar flow rate and basic hydrogen peroxide temperature was obtained. A maximum small-signal gain of 7 x 10(-3) cm(-1), average gas velocity of 575 m/s, static temperature of 172 K were measured for flow rates of 270 mmole/s of primary nitrogen, 39.2 mmole/s of chlorine, 11 mmole/s of secondary nitrogen, and 0.8 mmole/s of iodine. Estimation of the static pressure in the flow core from spectroscopic data is very close to the static sidewall pressure. The role of transverse velocity components in the gas flow and their effect on the interpretation of gain profiles is discussed. C1 PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Samara 443011, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Nikolaev, VD (reprint author), PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Samara 443011, Russia. RI Svistun, Mikhael/N-5606-2015; Zagidullin, Marsel/M-8631-2015 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 421 EP 428 DI 10.1109/3.998612 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 547LZ UT WOS:000175335000001 ER PT J AU Bochove, EJ AF Bochove, EJ TI Theory of spectral beam combining of fiber lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE beam combining; fiber lasers; optical communications; wavelength division multiplexing ID CAVITY; ARRAYS AB We model the spectral beam combining of a fiber laser array in the external resonator configuration, as proposed by V. Daneu et al. A diffraction integral-based approach is used that leads to design principles for most significant measures of performance, such as efficiency, bandwidth, and beam quality. Sensitivity to alignment and positioning errors is also characterized. Off-axis transform lens aberrations are shown to limit array size, and two design criteria are applied to compare the performance of simple spherical, compound, and aspheric lenses. The results indicate that a simple aspheric lens is superior in meeting the proposed criteria to a well-designed compound (quadruplet) lens with spherical surfaces. Application to the efficient coupling of a laser array to a multimode fiber core is discussed as a final example. C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 50 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 432 EP 445 AR PII S 0018-9197(02)04115-5 DI 10.1109/3.998614 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 547LZ UT WOS:000175335000003 ER PT J AU Stadler, B Vaccaro, K Yip, P Lorenzo, J Li, YQ Cherif, M AF Stadler, B Vaccaro, K Yip, P Lorenzo, J Li, YQ Cherif, M TI Integration of magneto-optical garnet films by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Ce; Faraday rotator; garnet; magneto-optic ID IRON-GARNET AB This paper presents a novel technique for integrating yttrium iron garnets, namely Ce:YIG, onto semiconductor platforms using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Large amounts of cerium (Ce) could be incorporated into the garnet structure because of the nonequilibrium nature of the technique. The method can alloy up to 54% Ce, thereby increasing the refractive index and enhancing the Faraday rotation of the YIG films. Faraday rotations as high as 0.4degrees/mum at 1.3 mum were achieved in MOCVD-grown garnets, exceeding the rotations of bismuth-doped YIG films (0.15degrees/mum at 1.3 mum) grown by liquid-phase epitaxy. The easy axis of magnetization is within the plane of the films. When the garnet films were sputtered onto (100) magnesia (MgO) buffer layers, their hysteresis loops indicated that they were isotropic. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NZ Appl Technol Corp, Woburn, MA 01810 USA. RP Stadler, B (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 6 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3 BP 1564 EP 1567 AR PII S0018-9464(02)03639-7 DI 10.1109/20.999132 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 549MP UT WOS:000175448200017 ER PT J AU Allen, RD Holck, DEE Ng, JD Dacey, K Blaydon, S Demartelaere, S Scribbick, F Foster, J AF Allen, RD Holck, DEE Ng, JD Dacey, K Blaydon, S Demartelaere, S Scribbick, F Foster, J TI Synthetic bone graft particulate increases the rate of fibrovascular ingrowth in spherical porous polyethylene orbital implants SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Casey Eye Inst, Portland, OR USA. Ophthalm Surg & Consultants Ohio, Columbus, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 3050 BP U854 EP U854 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606700203 ER PT J AU Chaudhry, S Gerr, GA Pierce, BJ Winterbottom, MD AF Chaudhry, S Gerr, GA Pierce, BJ Winterbottom, MD TI Visual cues to altitude in simulated flight over complex terrain SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. Link Simulat & Training, Mesa, AZ USA. Boeing, Mesa, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 4793 BP U1349 EP U1349 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606701943 ER PT J AU Glickman, RD Rockwell, BA Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Denton, ML Kumar, N AF Glickman, RD Rockwell, BA Noojin, GD Stolarski, DJ Denton, ML Kumar, N TI Two-photon excitation of RPE melanin SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Northrup Grumman Informat Technol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 680 BP U148 EP U148 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606600655 ER PT J AU Goodman, RL Johnson, DA Dillon, H Edelhauser, HF Waller, SG AF Goodman, RL Johnson, DA Dillon, H Edelhauser, HF Waller, SG TI Laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) flap stability during simulated cockpit ejection in a rabbit model SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX USA. Emory Eye Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 2083 BP U477 EP U477 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606602015 ER PT J AU Jumper, J Kalns, JE Batey, K Lane, R Reed, J AF Jumper, J Kalns, JE Batey, K Lane, R Reed, J TI The 3-nitrotyrosine marker of apoptosis shows time-dependent and tissue-specific variation in a porcine retinal laser injury model SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 MCST, MDW, Willard Hall Med Ctr 59, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Hyperbar Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Res Labs, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Willard Hall, Ctr Med, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 4528 BP U1294 EP U1294 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606701682 ER PT J AU MacKersie, DL Goff, MJ Lane, R Reed, J Taboada, J Jumper, J AF MacKersie, DL Goff, MJ Lane, R Reed, J Taboada, J Jumper, J TI A comparison of corneal light shields for prevention of retinal phototoxicity SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 3494 BP U982 EP U982 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606700646 ER PT J AU Marshall, SB Holck, DEE Lane, R DeMartelaere, S Foster, J Wettlaufer, J Schneid, T AF Marshall, SB Holck, DEE Lane, R DeMartelaere, S Foster, J Wettlaufer, J Schneid, T TI Bony orbital development after enucleation in a neonatal porcine model using custom fit conformers SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MCST, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Ophjthalm Consultants Ohio, Columbus, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 3041 BP U853 EP U853 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606700193 ER PT J AU Reed, JB Kans, JE Batey, K Lane, R Jumper, J AF Reed, JB Kans, JE Batey, K Lane, R Jumper, J TI DNA damage but not caspase-3 activation or cellular proliferation is associated with retinal laser injury SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Davis Hyperbar Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Air Force Res Labs, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 4526 BP U1293 EP U1293 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606701678 ER PT J AU Spottswood, SM Wolfe, HF AF Spottswood, SM Wolfe, HF TI Comparing fatigue life estimates using experimental and spectral density based probability distributions SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Material Conference and Exhibit CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID PLATES AB Random vibration, high-cycle fatigue problems in thin-skinned structures are of concern to the U.S. Air Force. Therefore, the U.S. Air Force is interested in available methods used to approximate the response and fatigue lire of aircraft structures exposed to random vibration loading, notably those exhibiting geometric nonlinear effects. The purpose of this investigation is to examine and compare the fatigue life estimates of a fully clamped aluminum plate under the influence of random electrodynamic shaker loading. The experimental strain probability density function was generated using the rain flow cycle counting technique, and the resulting fatigue estimates were compared with spectral-based finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental random response fatigue estimates (Anzai, Hiroyuki, "Algorithm of the rainflow method," The International Symposium on Fatigue Damage Measurement and Evaluation under Complex Loading, OND Sokkic, Ltd., July 1991; Bannantine, J. A., Comer, J. J., and Handrock, J. L., Fundamentals of Metal Fatigue Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, t990, pp. 193-196). The plate was modeled using the ABAQUS(R) linear random response algorithm and a modified nonlinear FEA code developed by Mei et al. of Old Dominion University (Dhainaut, J. M., Bin, D., Mei, C., Spottswood, S. M., and Wolfe, H. F., ''Non-Linear Response of Composite Panels to Random Excitation and Elevated Temperature," Structural Dynamics: Recent Advances, Univ. of Southampton, U.K., 2000; Shi, Y., and Mei, C., "A Finite Element Time Domain Modal Formulation for Large Amplitude Free Vibrations of Beams and Plates,"Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 193, No. 2, 1,996, pp. 453-464). For all scenarios the Palmgren-Miner linear damage accumulation model was utilized (Miner, M. A., "Cumulative Damage in Fatigue," Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 67, 1945, pp. A159-AI821. This simple isotropic plate case was selected as a means for accurate assessment, as opposed to using a more complex structure initially. Results indicate that the spectral-density-based analyses provide overly conservative fatigue life estimates when compared with the experimental based fatigue life estimates. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spottswood, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.2514/2.2955 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 558GQ UT WOS:000175958300016 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D Ruebush, M Zagar, D LaCour, M Sena, M Golby, K Haworth, M Umstattd, R AF Shiffler, D Ruebush, M Zagar, D LaCour, M Sena, M Golby, K Haworth, M Umstattd, R TI Cathode and anode plasmas in short-pulse explosive field emission cathodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIBER AB Explosive field emission cathodes have been a subject of research for a number of years. These cathodes offer high current densities and total current without requiring a heater for the production of electrons. Generally these cathodes consist of some structure with a series of tips or metal-dielectric regions in which a large electric field enhancement can occur. A cathode plasma is then formed from these discharge points that then supplies the electrons necessary for space charge limited emission. This article reports on a series of optical measurements in which the cathode and anode plasmas of explosive field emission cathodes are observed. Three types of cathodes are investigated. These types are a polymer velvet cathode, a metal-dielectric cathode, and a tufted carbon fiber cathode in which the fibers have been coated with a cesium iodide salt. Cesium iodide coated carbon fiber cathodes have shown a great deal of promise for various field emitter applications. From these high speed photos, the evolution of the plasmas on both cathode and anode can be qualitatively ascertained. Experimentally we find that not only does cathode plasma behavior depend on the type of cathode, but the anode plasma behavior does also. Further, we find that the best performing cathode shows the most rapid plasma formation on both anode and cathode, yet without a rapid plasma expansion across the anode-cathode gap. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Tech Matters, Sandia Pk, NM USA. SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 9 BP 5599 EP 5603 DI 10.1063/1.1457541 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 542WR UT WOS:000175069000012 ER PT J AU Roy, UN Mekonen, B Adetunji, OO Chattopahhyay, K Kochari, F Cui, Y Burger, A Goldstein, JT AF Roy, UN Mekonen, B Adetunji, OO Chattopahhyay, K Kochari, F Cui, Y Burger, A Goldstein, JT TI Compositional variations and phase stability during horizontal Bridgman growth of AgGaTe2 crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE absorption; thermal analysis; Bridgman technique; growth from melt ID AGGASE2 AB We report the synthesis and growth of large, crack-free AgGaTe2 single crystals by the horizontal Bridgman technique. The ingots were nearly stoichiometric and consisted entirely of single-phase material, with some compositional variations of the metal components. The presence of microprecipitates was observed in the fast-cooled samples. The effects of the compositional variations on band gap, absorption coefficient, melting point and electrical resistivity along the length of the ingot are reported. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fisk Univ, Ctr Photon Mat & Devices, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burger, A (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Ctr Photon Mat & Devices, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 2002 VL 241 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 140 AR PII S0022-0248(02)00923-5 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)00923-5 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 561MD UT WOS:000176143800020 ER PT J AU Weyburne, DW Paduano, Q AF Weyburne, DW Paduano, Q TI A new method for predicting thermal flow stability: application to a heated rotating disk SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE process optimization; metalorgaic chemical vapor deposition; vapor phase epitaxy; semiconducting III-V materials ID UNIFORMITY; REACTORS AB In this paper. an approximate analytical formulation is used to develop criteria for predicting thermal flow stability of a heated rotating disk reactor. For fluid flow directed vertically onto a heated horizontal rotating disk. gravitationally induced thermal recirculation results if the density difference between the disk and the incoming gas stream overcomes the stabilizing influence of the viscous forces, From both a fundamental and a practical standpoint, one would like a simple rule that predicts the flow regimes that are free of thermal recirculations. The new stability criteria are based on a variable property similarity transform that makes it possible to obtain approximate analytical solutions to the flow-governing equations. Stability criteria are developed by integrating and combining various terms of the resulting approximate equations. The new stability criteria developed herein are compared to existing criteria as well as to experimental results. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Weyburne, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 2002 VL 240 IS 3-4 BP 569 EP 580 AR PII S0022-0248(02)00839-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)00839-4 PG 12 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 557MH UT WOS:000175912000036 ER PT J AU Langhoff, PW Arce, JC Sheehy, JA AF Langhoff, PW Arce, JC Sheehy, JA TI Dynamical theory of molecular photoionization: electron ejection kinematics and angular distributions from molecules fixed in space SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE angular distributions; dynamical theory; electron ejection kinematics; fixed-in-space molecules; molecular photoionization ID K-SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; CROSS-SECTIONS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SHAPE RESONANCES; N-2 MOLECULES; CO MOLECULES; PHOTOABSORPTION; PHOTOELECTRONS; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION AB Photoionization of molecules and other atomic aggregates fixed in space is studied from a dynamical perspective employing solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. The wave functions and associated kinematical behaviors of excited and ejected electrons are determined explicitly in short- and long-time limits, generalizing early results of Bethe for central potentials to anisotropic targets. Ehrenfest's theorem is employed to clarify the origins of the transient forces and consequent kinematical behaviors of excited and ionized K-shell electrons obtained from explicit solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation, revealing hybrid classical-quantal behaviors in wave functions and expectation values of position and momentum operators. In addition to providing pedagogical insights into time-resolved aspects of these fundamental photoprocesses, and a corresponding basis for theoretical studies of dynamical target relaxation, associated photoelectron-ion correlation, and other specifically time-dependent post-collision interaction phenomena, the new development resolves technical issues associated with the irreducibly infinite degeneracy of the scattering continuum for the anisotropic potentials characteristic of polyatomic molecules. Photoionization cross sections differential in electron ejection angles are derived from the formalism for fixed-in-space molecules of arbitrary complexity which are applicable in both time-resolved and steady-state situations, and an invariant subspace of excitation and ionization functions required in computational applications of the approach is constructed employing Lanczos-Krylov sequences of L-2 vectors and previously devised Stieltjes-Akhiezer methods, without reference to or calculations of the underlying individual discrete or continuum eigenstates. Electron angular-distribution data for fixed-in-space molecules measured over the full (oar) range of emission angles for all molecular orientations are shown to be highly redundant, and to provide invariant physical information in the form of no more than three irreducible-tensor body-frame complex angular emission amplitudes at a given photon energy. These issues are illustrated with applications to ionization of fixed-in-space diatomic molecules for linear and circularly polarized incident radiation, in which cases the minimal set of molecular configurations and polarizations required to determine the invariant body-frame emission amplitudes is described in detail. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Valle, Dept Quim, Cali 25360, Colombia. RP Langhoff, PW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 123 IS 2-3 BP 117 EP 132 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00014-2 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00014-2 PG 16 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 552WM UT WOS:000175643100002 ER PT J AU Cheng, L Pan, M Scofield, J Steckl, AJ AF Cheng, L Pan, M Scofield, J Steckl, AJ TI Growth and doping of SiC-thin films on low-stress, amorphous Si3N4/Si substrates for robust microelectromechanical systems applications SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN 27-29, 2001 CL UNIV NOTRE DAME, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA HO UNIV NOTRE DAME DE CVD; LPCVD; SiC; 3MS; MEMS ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SI(111) AB The N-2-doped 3C-SiC thin films have been grown by low-pressure, chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) on amorphous Si3N4/p-Si (111) substrates using the single, organosilane-precursor trimethylsilane [(CH3)(3)SiH]. The effects of N-2 flow rate and growth temperature on the electrical properties of SiC films were investigated by Hall-effect measurements. The electron-carrier concentration is between 10(17)-10(18)/cm(3). The lowest resistivities at 400 K and 300 K are 1.12 X 10(-2) and 1.18 X 10(-1) cm, respectively. The corresponding sheet resistances are 75.02 Omega/square and 790.36 Omega/square. The SiC film structure was studied by x-ray diffraction. The 3C-SiC films oriented in the 111 direction with a 20 peak at 35.5degrees and line widths between 0.18-0.25degrees were obtained. The SiC/Si3N4 interface is very smooth and free of voids. The fabrication of microelectro-mechanical (MEMS) structures incorporating the SiC films is discussed. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cheng, L (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. OI Steckl, Andrew/0000-0002-1868-4442 NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 361 EP 365 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0083-x PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 555QK UT WOS:000175804600007 ER PT J AU Hachmeister, DR Schindler, WG Walker, WA Thomas, DD AF Hachmeister, DR Schindler, WG Walker, WA Thomas, DD TI The sealing ability and retention characteristics of mineral trioxide aggregate in a model of apexification SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; BACTERIAL LEAKAGE; FILLING MATERIAL; APICAL BARRIER; PENETRATION; INCISORS; IMMATURE; TEETH AB Treatment of the immature pulpless tooth presents both an endodontic, and restorative challenge. A more favorable long-term prognosis may be achieved with a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apexification procedure followed by an internal bonding technique. We investigated the efficacy of this treatment option by testing the sealing ability and retention characteristics of MTA when placed as an apical barrier in a standardized in vitro open apex model. MTA was placed as an apical barrier at a thickness of I mm or 4 mm, with and without prior calcium hydroxide medication. The barriers were challenged with bacteria exposure within a leakage model and displacement forces on an Instron machine. In the leakage study, 100% of the MTA apical barriers showed bacterial penetration by day 70, compared with 20% of MTA root-end fillings used as controls. The displacement study demonstrated a statistically significant greater resistance to force with a 4-mm thickness of MTA, regardless of calcium hydroxide use. We concluded that it was the intracanal delivery technique and not the MTA that contributed to the leakage observed. MTA shows promise in our proposed treatment option of immature pulpless teeth if the sealing ability can be enhanced by improving the delivery technique. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. USAF, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Adv Educ Program, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Walker, WA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, Mail Code 7892,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 20 TC 108 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 28 IS 5 BP 386 EP 390 DI 10.1097/00004770-200205000-00010 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 547XX UT WOS:000175359300010 PM 12033201 ER PT J AU Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR AF Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR TI Development of a three-dimensional viscous aeroelastic solver for nonlinear panel flutter SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS; FLOW AB A new three-dimensional (3-D) viscous aeroelastic solver for nonlinear panel flutter is developed in this paper, A well-validated full Navier-Stokes code is coupled with a finite-difference procedure for the von Karman plate equations, A subiteration strategy is employed to eliminate lagging errors between the fluid and structural solvers, This approach eliminates the need for the development of a specialized, tightly coupled algorithm for the fluid/structure interaction problem, The new computational scheme is applied to the solution of inviscid two-dimensional panel flutter problems for subsonic and supersonic Mach numbers. Supersonic results are shown to be consistent with the work of previous researchers. Multiple solutions at subsonic Mach numbers are discussed. Viscous effects are shown to raise the flutter dynamic pressure for the supersonic case. For the subsonic viscous case,, a different type of flutter behavior occurs for the downward deflected solution with oscillations occurring about a mean deflected position of the panel. This flutter phenomenon results from a true fluid/structure interaction between the flexible panel and the viscous flow above the surface. Initial computations have also been performed for inviscid, 3-D panel flutter for both supersonic and subsonic Mach numbers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 497 EP 527 DI 10.1006/jfls.2000.0434 PG 31 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 579JF UT WOS:000177174300005 ER PT J AU Shiroma, CY AF Shiroma, CY TI The use of amalgam powder and calcium hydroxide to recreate a radiopaque image of a lost dental restoration SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; odontologist; postmortem dental restoration loss; human identification; X-ray analysis AB Radiographs of dental restorations are highly reliable when used to identify postmortem dental remains. A problem exists if key dental restorations are missing or defective, which results in the loss of a comparative radiographic image. This article describes a simple method allowing the odontologist to quickly recreate a temporary radiopaque restoration. This article presents a method of using amalgam powder (radiopaque material) and calcium hydroxide (radiopaque material and transport medium for the amalgam powder) to recreate a radiopaque image on a tooth that has lost a dental restoration. Amalgam powder and calcium hydroxide is easily obtained (in any dental office), fairly clean, easy to manipulate, inexpensive, inert, stable, and able to be removed without damaging the dental remains. The amalgam powder/calcium hydroxide mixture can easily be re-shaped or modified to reflect the radiopaque image of the original restoration. Radiographic comparison of the "restored" dental remains to the antemortem radiographs is now possible. The use of this technique is presented in a case report. C1 USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Shiroma, CY (reprint author), USA, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 609 EP 613 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 554KP UT WOS:000175734800027 PM 12051346 ER PT J AU Lucia, DJ Pachter, M Beran, PS AF Lucia, DJ Pachter, M Beran, PS TI Rocket nozzle flow control using a reduced-order computational fluid dynamics model SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The use of proper orthogonal decomposition-based reduced-order computational fluid dynamics models for multidisciplinary optimization are investigated. An open-loop optimal control problem is solved concerning the regulation of a rocket engine thrust profile. The control synthesis uses a numerical flowfield solver as the plant model. Controllers are synthesized using both the full-order nonlinear fluid dynamics, which serves as a truth model, and a reduced-order model of the flowfield generated via proper orthogonal decomposition. The latter has been successfully applied to reduce the order of both steady and unsteady subsonic flowfield solutions obtained via computational fluid dynamics. Specifically, the application of reduced-order flowfield solvers to a rocket's thrust controller design is explored. A quasi-one-dimensional supersonic convergent-divergent nozzle with varying backpressure is used as a model problem. Treating the nozzle flow as one-dimensional, the reduced-order model is used to synthesize a nonlinear controller that controls thrust by varying nozzle throat area along an ascent trajectory. The performance of the reduced-order controller is quantified. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucia, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 3 BP 449 EP 454 DI 10.2514/2.4930 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 550NQ UT WOS:000175509500005 ER PT J AU Pachter, M Schindeler, NJ AF Pachter, M Schindeler, NJ TI Phugoid damping control SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB A novel phugoid damping control design methodology is developed, based on the use of wind axes and a point-mass aircraft model. The state variables are air speed, flight-path angle, and heading angle; the control variables are thrust setting, angle of attack, bank angle, and sideslip angle; and the command signals are air speed, flight-path angle, and heading angle or heading rate. All of the variables and parameters are nondimensionalized. A multivariable set point controller is developed that consists of the following: First, it consists of a trim calculation-based nonlinear feedforward control computer; thus, given a commanded new trim state (air speed, flight-path angle, and yaw rate), the required trim thrust setting and trim angle of attack, bank angle, and sideslip angle inputs are determined. Second, the controller consists of a small signal linear feedback regulator. The equations of motion linearized about the trim condition of wings level and constant altitude flight, which simplify the dynamics to allow separation between the lateral and longitudinal control channels, are used, and a small-signal linear multivariable regulator is designed. The linear compensator also entails integral action. Thus, the controller consists of a strongly nonlinear feedforward module and a linear small-signal compensator. The novel proposed multivariable and nonlinear set point controller encompasses full three-axes autopilot functions. Moreover, this controller is used as a tracking controller, also known as a phugoid damping controller, provided that the bandwidth of the command signal is substantially less than the bandwidth of the closed-loop flight control system. The phugoid damping controller's performance is examined in extensive simulations, and its wide operational envelope is demonstrated. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 3 BP 517 EP 527 DI 10.2514/2.4912 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 550NQ UT WOS:000175509500013 ER PT J AU Oldenburg, JA Tragesser, SG AF Oldenburg, JA Tragesser, SG TI Minimizing the effects of transverse torques during thrusting for spin-stabilized spacecraft SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID UP MANEUVERS; ANNIHILATION; BIAS AB During an orbital maneuver of a spin-stabilized spacecraft, undesired transverse torques are present due to thruster misalignment and offset from the center of mass. These body-fixed torques cause the thrust vector to precess about a direction that is offset from the nominal. This oscillation of the thrust vector over the course of the maneuver decreases the final magnitude of the DeltaV while the average offset causes a pointing error. Previous work shows that inserting a short-coast phase into the maneuver can eliminate the pointing error. The behavior of the thrust axis is considered to find solutions for the coast phase timing that minimize the average oscillation of the thrust axis to maximize DeltaV, while retaining the property of eliminating the secular pointing error. The new maneuver scheme realizes a significant increase in efficiency over the previous solution, particularly if the oscillation of the thrust axis is large. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oldenburg, JA (reprint author), US Space Command, Natl Missile Def Command & Control Integrat Sect, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 3 BP 591 EP 595 DI 10.2514/2.4921 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 550NQ UT WOS:000175509500021 ER PT J AU Fester, EW Murray, PM Sanders, TG Ingari, JV Leyendecker, J Leis, HL AF Fester, EW Murray, PM Sanders, TG Ingari, JV Leyendecker, J Leis, HL TI The efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound in detecting disruptions of the forearm interosseous membrane: A cadaver study SO JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance imaging; ultrasound; Essex-Lopresti lesion; forearm interosseous membrane; forearm interosseous ligament AB The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) in determining complete disruptions of the central portion of the forearm interosseous membrane. The midportion of the forearm interosseous ligament was longitudinally incised in 19 fresh-frozen cadaver arms. The specimens were imaged with MRI and US. The MRIs were examined by a hand surgeon, a musculoskeletal radiologist, and a general radiologist, all blinded to the state of the interosseous membrane. The musculoskeletal radiologist and general radiologists read the real-time US images in a consensus fashion. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 96% accuracy rate, a 100% positive predictive value, a 93% negative predictive value, 93% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. Kappa analysis showed substantial interobserver agreement for MRI. Ultrasound showed a 94% accuracy rate, a 94% positive predictive value, a 100% negative predictive value, 100% sensitivity, and 89% specificity. There was no statistical significance between the accuracy of MRI and US. We conclude that MRI and US imaging should both be considered when forearm interosseous membrane integrity is in question. C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microsurg, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Murray, PM (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Hand & Microsurg, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0363-5023 J9 J HAND SURG-AM JI J. Hand Surg.-Am. Vol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 27A IS 3 BP 418 EP 424 DI 10.1053/jhsu.2002.32961 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 553RQ UT WOS:000175689600006 PM 12015715 ER PT J AU Rogers, JW Agnes, GS AF Rogers, JW Agnes, GS TI Modeling a piezothermoelastic laminated plate-membrane SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE asymptotic; mechanics; membrane; zernike AB Analysis of laminated piezopolymer actuated circular membranes is presented. The nonlinear equations of motion governing a continuous circular laminate of arbitrary thermal, electrical and mechanical properties are developed. Assuming axisymmetry, a closed-form asymptotic solution is developed using a combination of perturbation techniques. These governing equations are applied to a model laminate of Kapton and PVDF materials where static and dynamic results are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rogers, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5 BP 303 EP 316 DI 10.1106/104538902030338 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 637VD UT WOS:000180533700004 ER PT J AU Van Wyhe, J Bradley, Y Miliziano, J AF Van Wyhe, J Bradley, Y Miliziano, J TI Detection of primary non-pulmonary neoplasms and infections using Tc-99m depreotide. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 SU S MA 1210 BP 300P EP 300P AR UNSP 201913 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 551KL UT WOS:000175560801120 ER PT J AU Shang, JS Hayes, J Menart, J AF Shang, JS Hayes, J Menart, J TI Hypersonic flow over a blunt body with plasma injection SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The drag reduction of blunt body in hypersonic flow via plasma injection has been investigated by a combined experimental and computational effort. The counterflow plasma jet generated by a plasma torch has a vibrionic temperature of 4400 K, an electronic temperature around 20,000 K, and electron density greater than 3 x 10(12)/cm(3). At a fixed injection stagnation pressure and in the absence of an applied magnetic field, the plasma injection actually increases drag above that of room-temperature air due to a decreased mass flow rate at the elevated temperature. However, at an identical mass flow rate, the plasma injection reveals a greater drag reduction than the room-temperature air counterpart through thermal energy deposition. From experimental measurements, an overwhelming major portion of the drag reduction is derived from the viscous-inviscid interaction of the counterflow jet and thermal energy deposition. The numerical results of Navier-Stokes equations with a local equilibrium plasma composition also confirm this observation. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Exellence Comp Simulat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shang, JS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.2514/2.3835 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 560HZ UT WOS:000176077800004 ER PT J AU Ross, MD Hooten, S Moore, D AF Ross, MD Hooten, S Moore, D TI Lower leg girth and ankle plantar-flexor endurance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction SO JOURNAL OF SPORT REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE standing heel-rise test; ACL; knee; rehabilitation ID HEEL-RISE TEST; MUSCLE SIZE; THIGH; IMMOBILIZATION; RELIABILITY; STRENGTH AB Objective: To determine the relationship between asymmetries in lower leg girth and standing heel-rise after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Design: Single-group posttest. Participants: 15 at a mean of 30 d after ACL reconstruction. Measurements: Lower leg girth and number of repetitions performed on the standing heel-rise test. Results: A significant decrease in lower leg girth and number of repetitions performed on the standing heel-rise test for the involved leg, There was also a low correlation between asymmetries in lower leg girth and standing heel-rise test (r = .25). Conclusion: Ankle plantar-flexor endurance should be considered when developing rehabilitation programs for the early stages after ACL reconstruction. In this study the ankle of the involved leg attained a significantly smaller angle of maximal standing plantar flexion, suggesting that ankle range of motion should also be assessed. Caution should be used in predicting standing heel-rise asymmetries from asymmetries in lower leg girth in ACL-reconstructed patients. C1 Dept Phys Therapy, Cannon AFB, NM USA. USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ross, MD (reprint author), Dept Phys Therapy, Cannon AFB, NM USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1056-6716 J9 J SPORT REHABIL JI J. Sport Rehabil. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 11 IS 2 BP 128 EP 138 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 555TN UT WOS:000175809500005 ER PT J AU Barchers, JD AF Barchers, JD TI Closed-loop stable control of two deformable mirrors for compensation of amplitude and phase fluctuations SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID MULTICONJUGATE ADAPTIVE OPTICS; LASER-BEAM PROJECTION; SCINTILLATION COMPENSATION; DISTORTIONS; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB A method for closed-loop stable control of two deformable mirrors for compensation of both amplitude and phase fluctuations is described. A generic implementation is described as well as an implementation that integrates the concept behind a point diffraction interferometer with a two-deformable-mirror system. The relationship of the closed-loop control algorithm to previously developed open-loop iterative algorithms is described. Simulation results are presented that indicate that the system is stable and provides superior performance over that of a single-deformable-mirror system. The impact of finite servo bandwidth on control of two deformable mirrors is evaluated by means of wave optical simulation, and it is found that to achieve a performance improvement attributable to compensation of amplitude fluctuations, the bandwidth of the two-deformable-mirror system must be at least twice the Greenwood frequency. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Barchers, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 19 IS 5 BP 926 EP 945 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.19.000926 PG 20 WC Optics SC Optics GA 548CY UT WOS:000175372100011 PM 11999968 ER PT J AU Matson, CL AF Matson, CL TI Signal-to-noise-ratio expressions in optical diffusion tomography SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-DENSITY WAVES; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION PERFORMANCE; MULTIPLY SCATTERED-LIGHT; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; TURBID MEDIA; DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; IMAGING-SYSTEM; TRANSILLUMINATION; LIMITS; BACKPROPAGATION AB Optical diffusion tomography is a technology that is employed to obtain images of the heterogeneous nature of turbid media by using optical radiation. Noise ultimately limits the achievable spatial resolution in these reconstructed images; therefore it is of interest to develop signal-to-noise-ratio expressions that relate spatial resolution in the images to the underlying system and material properties. In this study, Fourier-domain signal-to-noise-ratio expressions are derived for two types of optical diffusion tomography systems: those that use amplitude-modulated illumination sources and those that use continuous-wave illumination sources. The signal-to-noise-ratio expressions are compared for these two types of systems and are validated by laboratory data. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 19 IS 5 BP 961 EP 972 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.19.000961 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 548CY UT WOS:000175372100014 PM 11999971 ER PT J AU Brilliant, NA Beach, RJ Drobshoff, AD Payne, SA AF Brilliant, NA Beach, RJ Drobshoff, AD Payne, SA TI Narrow-line ytterbium fiber master-oscillator power amplifier SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; LASER; AMPLIFICATION; 3-LEVEL; GAIN AB We present modeled and experimental results for an ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier seeded with a narrow-linewidth master oscillator. We include a simplified model used to generate input for a model that numerically solves the coupled differential equations. We find good agreement between the model and measured data. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brilliant, NA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 19 IS 5 BP 981 EP 991 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.000981 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 555LE UT WOS:000175794900006 ER PT J AU Averett, KL Maimon, S Wu, X Koch, MW Wicks, GW AF Averett, KL Maimon, S Wu, X Koch, MW Wicks, GW TI InAs-based bipolar transistors grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY OCT 01-03, 2001 CL BROWN UNIV, PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND HO BROWN UNIV ID HETEROJUNCTION TRANSISTOR; GAAS; OPERATION; LAYERS AB Large mobilities and electron saturation velocity make InAs a promising material for high speed devices. Investigations into materials characteristics of doped InAs show nonideal behavior with standard molecular beam epitaxy dopants, silicon, and beryllium. Critical thicknesses for cracking of AlxIn1-xAs on InAs were empirically determined as a function of x. Mesa pn junctions in InAs show no effects of surface Fermi level pinning and exhibit good rectification with low reverse leakage. Bipolar junction transistor and heterojunction bipolar transistor devices are presented, along with their dc electrical characteristics. Common emitter current gains of 100 have been achieved in these bipolar devices. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Averett, KL (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 3 BP 1213 EP 1216 DI 10.1116/1.1459461 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 565FH UT WOS:000176358300079 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, TE Hallett, JW Tazelaar, HD Miller, VM Schulte, S O'Fallon, WM Weyand, CM AF Rasmussen, TE Hallett, JW Tazelaar, HD Miller, VM Schulte, S O'Fallon, WM Weyand, CM TI Human leukocyte antigen class II immune response genes, female gender, and cigarette smoking as risk and modulating factors in abdominal aortic aneurysms SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; OLDER ADULTS; PREVALENCE; LOCALIZATION; INFLAMMATION; MACROPHAGES; PROTEOLYSIS; EXPRESSION; EXPERIENCE; MORTALITY AB Objective: Aortic inflammation and the genes that regulate the immune response play an important role in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis. However, the modulating effects of such genetic and other environmental factors on the severity on aneurysm inflammation is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, gender, and environmental factors on degree of abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue inflammation. Methods: Aneurysm specimens were obtained at the time of operation from 96 consecutive patients who underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and were graded for degree of histologic inflammation. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the association of genetic and environmental factors with degree of inflammation and to determine the HLA-associated disease risk for aneurysm. Results: Active cigarette smoking and female gender were independently associated with high-grade tissue inflammation identified histologically (odds ratio [OR], confidence interval [CI]: 5.6, 1.6 to 19.3; and 6.0, 1.4 to 26.2, respectively), and a specific HLA allele (DRBI*01) was inversely associated with inflammation (OR, CI: 0.2, 0.04 to 0.7). Overall, the HLA-DRB1*02 and B1*04 alleles were significantly associated with disease risk, more than doubling risk for abdominal aortic aneurysm (01, CI: 2.5, 1.4 to 4.3; and 2.1, 1.2 to 3.7, respectively). Conclusion: Active cigarette smoking and female gender are significant disease-modulating factors associated with increased abdominal aortic aneurysm inflammation. In addition, the HLA class II immune response genes possess both disease modulating and disease risk properties, which may be useful in early aneurysm detection and surveillance. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Grad Sch Med, Div Vasc Surg, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Grad Sch Med, Div Anat Pathol, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Grad Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Grad Sch Med, Biostat Sect, Rochester, MN USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), Malcolm Grow USAF Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY 11916]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 44142]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR 42527] NR 34 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 35 IS 5 BP 988 EP 993 DI 10.1067/mva.2002.121753 PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 557QK UT WOS:000175919100034 PM 12021716 ER PT J AU Southard, TL Moeller, CL Thompson, KD Unangst, ET AF Southard, TL Moeller, CL Thompson, KD Unangst, ET TI Effect of body composition on isoflurane induction and recovery times in the meadow vole SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article ID FISCHER 344 RATS; METABOLISM; ANESTHESIA; OBESE AB The inhalation anesthetic isoflurane is five times more soluble in lipid than in lean tissue. Using the meadow vole as a model, the authors sought to determine the effect of body composition on isoflurane induction and recovery times. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Unangst, ET (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 46 EP 49 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 577VW UT WOS:000177084100010 PM 11984553 ER PT J AU Robbins, AS Chao, SY Russ, CR Fonseca, VP AF Robbins, AS Chao, SY Russ, CR Fonseca, VP TI Costs of excess body weight among active duty personnel, US Air Force, 1997 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MASS INDEX; OBESITY; PREDICTORS; ADULTS; WOMEN; INFERTILITY; PREVENTION; HEIGHT AB Although the increasing public health impact of excess body weight in the U.S. general population has received national attention, the impact of excess body weight among active duty military personnel is unknown. A study was conducted to determine the direct (increased medical care) and indirect (lost workdays) costs of excess body weight among active duty Air Force (ADAF) personnel in 1997. Based on measure height and weight values, in 1997, 20.4% of ADAF men and 20.5% of ADAF women had body weights that exceeded their official maximum allowable weight for height. Total excess body weight-attributable costs were estimated at $22.8 million per year, with annual direct and indirect costs estimated at $19.3 million (approximately 6% of total annual expenditures for ADAF medical care) and $3.5 million, respectively. Attributable lost workdays were estimated at 28,351 per year. Annual excess body weight-attributable costs among ADAF personnel are high, both in dollars and lost duty days. C1 USAF, Populat Hlth Support Div, Med Operat Agcy, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Robbins, AS (reprint author), USAF, Populat Hlth Support Div, Med Operat Agcy, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 167 IS 5 BP 393 EP 397 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DU UT WOS:000181420600006 PM 12053847 ER PT J AU Cation, LJ Durning, SJ Gutierrez-Nunez, JJ AF Cation, LJ Durning, SJ Gutierrez-Nunez, JJ TI Military internal medicine resident performance on the American Board of Internal Medicine certifying examination SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-of-Air-Force-Physicians CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL BILOXI, MISSISSIPPI SP Soc Air Force Phys AB The mission of military graduate medical education in internal medicine is to produce high-quality military internists prepared to practice in military environments. Board certification in internal medicine is an important outcome of internal medicine residency training. The American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Examination (ABIMCE) first-taker pass rate of the graduates of an internal medicine residency program is a key measure of the quality of the program. We compared the ABIMCE first-taker pass rates for military and civilian internal medicine residency program graduates. Military internal medicine residency graduates had higher first-taker pass rates than their civilian counterparts. This is likely a reflection of the high-quality residents and the faculty at military programs. These results support the notion that military internal medicine residency programs continue to fulfill their mission of training high-quality internists. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Peoria, IL 61637 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Cation, LJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, 530 NE Glen Oak Ave, Peoria, IL 61637 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 167 IS 5 BP 421 EP 423 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DU UT WOS:000181420600011 PM 12053852 ER PT J AU Duckro, DE Quinn, DW Gardner, SJ AF Duckro, DE Quinn, DW Gardner, SJ TI Neural network pruning with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison procedure SO NEURAL COMPUTATION LA English DT Article AB Reducing a neural network's complexity improves the ability of the network to generalize future examples. Like an overfitted regression function, neural networks may miss their target because of the excessive degrees of freedom stored up in unnecessary parameters. Over the past decade, the subject of pruning networks produced nonstatistical algorithms like Skeletonization, Optimal Brain Damage, and Optimal Brain Surgeon as methods to remove connections with the least salience. The method proposed here uses the bootstrap algorithm to estimate the distribution of the model parameter saliences. Statistical multiple comparison procedures are then used to make pruning decisions. We show this method compares well with Optimal Brain Surgeon in terms of ability to prune and the resulting network performance. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Duckro, DE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0899-7667 J9 NEURAL COMPUT JI Neural Comput. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1149 EP 1168 DI 10.1162/089976602753633420 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 541LW UT WOS:000174986900009 PM 11972911 ER PT J AU Yoder, BA Kirsch, EA Barth, WH Gordon, MC AF Yoder, BA Kirsch, EA Barth, WH Gordon, MC TI Changing obstetric practices associated with decreasing incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAINED AMNIOTIC-FLUID; EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION; THICK MECONIUM; PROPHYLACTIC AMNIOINFUSION; APGAR SCORES; RISK-FACTORS; INTRAPARTUM; SURFACTANT; MORBIDITY; THERAPY AB OBJECTIVE: To describe changes in neonatal and obstetric practices that may have contributed to the decreasing incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome in our population during this time. METHODS: We compared neonatal and obstetric characteristics of 61 infants diagnosed with meconium aspiration syndrome with 1365 infants born through moderate or thick meconium-stained amniotic fluid at more than 37 weeks' completed gestation. Data were prospectively collected, and all respiratory diagnoses were concurrently made. Three distinct birth year groups were analyzed based on changing obstetric practice paradigms. RESULTS: Meconium aspiration syndrome decreased nearly four-fold from 1990-1992 to 1997-1998 (5.8% to 1.5% of meconium-stained infants more than 37 weeks; P<.003). The only change in neonatal characteristics was a 33% decrease in births more than 41 weeks with a reciprocal 33% increase in births 38-39 weeks during 1997-1998. Significant changes in obstetric practice included more frequent diagnosis of nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns, greater use of amnioinfusion, and increased cesarean delivery rate in 1997-1998. By logistic regression analysis, the only consistent risk factor for meconium. aspiration syndrome across all three epochs was the presence of tracheal meconium. CONCLUSION: Reduction in post-term delivery was the most important factor in reducing meconium aspiration syndrome. (Obstet Gynecol 2002;99:731-9. (C) 2002 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists). C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Yoder, BA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Room 321-E,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 31 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 99 IS 5 BP 731 EP 739 AR PII S0029-7844(02)01942-7 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)01942-7 PN 1 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 548BU UT WOS:000175369000010 PM 11978280 ER PT J AU Ryba, TM Dunn, WJ Murchison, DF AF Ryba, TM Dunn, WJ Murchison, DF TI Surface roughness of various packable composites SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article AB Packable composite restorations have become a popular alternative to dental amalgam restorations in posterior teeth. A drawback inherent to composites is their difficulty in polishing, which often results in a dull or rough surface. This study compared the surface roughness of a resin-based hybrid composite material and five packable resin-based composites polished with either aluminum oxide disks or a rubber polishing system. Sixteen specimens of each of the six composite materials were polished with either Sof-Lex XT disks or Enhance rubber polishers followed by fine and superfine polishing pastes. The specimens were evaluated for surface roughness using surface profilometry. Mean values were calculated for each material type and method of polishing. Data were subjected to a two-way ANOVA. Post hoc comparison was accomplished using Tukey's HSD. No significant difference in surface roughness was detected among polishing techniques (p=0.067); however, a strong trend-that aluminum oxide disks provided a smoother surface than rubber polishers in five out of six materials-was noted. C1 Dept Gen Dent, DS MRDGB 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Dept Gen Dent, Dunn Dent Clin, Lackland AFB, TX USA. 35 DS, Misawa AB, Japan. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), Dept Gen Dent, DS MRDGB 59, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 548YE UT WOS:000175416800008 PM 12022454 ER PT J AU Hachmeiser, KA Dunn, WJ Murchison, DF Larsen, RB AF Hachmeiser, KA Dunn, WJ Murchison, DF Larsen, RB TI Fracture strength of amalgam crowns with repaired endodontic access SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESTORATIONS; RESISTANCE; REINFORCEMENT; TEETH AB Endodontic therapy is accessed occlusally in posterior teeth, many of which have large, pre-existing amalgam restorations. These teeth are also commonly restored with an occlusal amalgam to repair the access opening. This study determined the fracture resistance of complex amalgam restorations that have repaired endodontic access compared with original, unrepaired, complex amalgams on endodontically-treated teeth. Two groups of 30 molars were used in the study. The first group was decoronated and received an endodontic access preparation. These teeth were restored using chamber retention and four TMS pins. The second group was decoronated and restored using pin retention. Later, they received an endodontic access through the restoration. The access was then repaired with amalgam. The samples were loaded in an Instron Universal Testing Machine until failure. The Group 1 samples failed at a mean force of 2297.5 N. The mean failure load for the samples in Group 2 was 1586.1 N. Student's t-test found this difference to be statistically significant. Endodontic access through an amalgam crown significantly compromises the fracture strength of the original restoration. C1 Dept Gen Dent, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), 59 DS MRDGB,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 254 EP 258 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 548YE UT WOS:000175416800010 PM 12022456 ER PT J AU Muhlbauer, JA Dunn, WJ Roberts, HW Murchison, DF AF Muhlbauer, JA Dunn, WJ Roberts, HW Murchison, DF TI The effect of resin composite pins on the retention of Class IV restorations SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMALGAM RESTORATIONS; STRENGTH; GROOVES AB Standardized Class IV cavity preparations were made in 48 human incisors. They were then divided into three groups of 16 teeth each. Group 1 was prepared with no internal retentive features. Groups 2 and 3 included an internal pin channel prepared with a #330 and a #329 bur, respectively. All specimens were restored with a micro-hybrid resin-based composite restorative material and a fifth generation dentin bonding system. Specimens were loaded to failure in an Instron Universal Testing Machine perpendicular to the long axis of the teeth. There was no evidence to suggest a difference in force required to dislodge the restoration among the three groups tested (P=0.185). Resin composite pins do not increase the retention of Class IV resin composite restorations. C1 USAF, DC, Res & Biomat, Lackland AFB, TX USA. USAF, DC, Dent Invest Serv, Tech Evaluat, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), 59 DS-MRDGB,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 284 EP 288 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 548YE UT WOS:000175416800015 PM 12022461 ER PT J AU Goldstein, D Tyo, JS Chenault, D AF Goldstein, D Tyo, JS Chenault, D TI Polarization SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MNGI, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. SY Technol Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Goldstein, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MNGI, 101 W Eglin Blvd,Suite 280, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 930 EP 931 DI 10.1117/1.1479166 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 551VQ UT WOS:000175583500005 ER PT J AU Gamiz, VL Belsher, JF AF Gamiz, VL Belsher, JF TI Performance limitations of a four-channel polarimeter in the presence of detection noise SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polarized light; polarimetry; Stokes parameters; Mueller calculus; statistical optics; low light level detection AB The performance limitations of an imperfectly calibrated four-channel polarimeter in the presence of photon-counting detection noise is examined for arbitrary light levels. The theory described here provides a framework for developing polarimeter designs with minimal noise sensitivity and to evaluate the noise performance of existing designs. The polarimeter decomposes the input field into four channels, each of which is detected by the photon-counting sensor. We theoretically describe the propagation of detection noise through the polarimeter calibration matrix. The variances of both the mutual phase delay and the orthogonal intensities are given for photon-counting noise following Poisson statistics, and additive Gaussian detection noise. The variances of these parameters depend on the average number of photons incident on the polarimeter, the detector read noise, and errors in the polarimeter calibration matrix. A particular polarimeter design, whose calibration matrix is known exactly, is examined for moderate, low, and very low light levels. Theoretical performance curves are shown for various sensor parameters and light levels, and are compared to simulated results. Very good agreement between theory and simulation is shown. The simulation validates the use of the Gaussian probability density function for the parallel (in-phase) and normal components of the phase fluctuations, and provides an accurate theoretical prediction of phase delay fluctuations for arbitrary light levels. The phase-delay noise cloud is illustrated for several cases. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Opt Sci Co, Anaheim, CA 92825 USA. RP Gamiz, VL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 973 EP 980 DI 10.1117/1.1467363 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 551VQ UT WOS:000175583500011 ER PT J AU Goldstein, DH Chenault, DB AF Goldstein, DH Chenault, DB TI Spectropolarimetric reflectometer SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polarimetry; Mueller matrix; reflectometer; spectropolarimetry ID MUELLER MATRIX; POLARIMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION AB An instrument is presented that combines the functions of a reflectometer, a spectrometer, and a polarimeter. A Fourier transform spectrometer serves as a light source for a dual rotating retarder polarimeter. Operation of the instrument results in measurement of the complete Mueller matrix of a sample in reflection over a wide spectral band, Calibration and error compensation is described. Polarization characteristics of materials in reflection are determined. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. SY Technol Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Goldstein, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 101 W Eglin Blvd Suite 280, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1013 EP 1020 DI 10.1117/1.1467933 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 551VQ UT WOS:000175583500016 ER PT J AU Sposato, SH Fetrow, MP Bishop, KP Caudill, TR AF Sposato, SH Fetrow, MP Bishop, KP Caudill, TR TI Two long-wave infrared spectral polarimeters for use in understanding polarization phenomenology SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polarimeters; long-wave infrared; polarized light; polarization AB Spectrally varying long-wave infrared (LWIR) polarization measurements can be used to identify materials and to discriminate samples from a cluttered background. Two LWIR instruments have been built and fielded by the Air Force Research Laboratory: a multispectral LWIR imaging polarimeter (LIP) and a full-Stokes Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral polarimeter (FSP), constructed for higher spectral resolution measurements of materials. These two instruments have been built to gain an understanding of the polarization signatures expected from different types of materials in a controlled laboratory and in varying field environments. We discuss the instruments, calibration methods, general operation, and measurements characterizing the emitted polarization properties of materials as a function of wavelength. The results show that we are able to make polarization measurements with a relative accuracy of 0.5% degree of polarization (DOP) between two different instruments that are calibrated with the same techniques, and that these measurements can improve the understanding of polarization phenomenology. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Sposato, SH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1055 EP 1064 DI 10.1117/1.1464870 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 551VQ UT WOS:000175583500021 ER PT J AU Affleck, BD Malis, DJ Whittemore, DE Torgerson, SJ AF Affleck, BD Malis, DJ Whittemore, DE Torgerson, SJ TI Psammomatoid ossifying fibroma of the temporal bone SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Affleck, BD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 859 SGOS MCSR,2200 Bergquist Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 126 IS 5 BP 585 EP 587 DI 10.1067/mhn.2002.124435 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 564HK UT WOS:000176308800021 PM 12075237 ER PT J AU Robertson, BD Bautista, MA Russell, TS Naclerio, AL Porisch, ME Sorrells, DL Fiser, RT AF Robertson, BD Bautista, MA Russell, TS Naclerio, AL Porisch, ME Sorrells, DL Fiser, RT TI Fibrosing mediastinitis secondary to zygomycosis in a twenty-two-month-old child SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE mediastinitis; fibrosing; zygomycosis; mucor ID HISTOPLASMOSIS AB We report the case of a 22-month-old immunocompetent male child with fibrosing mediastinitis secondary to zygomycosis, an unusual presentation of a rare fungal infection. This patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B and itraconazole for 20 weeks. Stenting of the superior vena cava was helpful in relieving the patient's superior vena cava syndrome. C1 San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Pediat Surg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Robertson, BD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 21 IS 5 BP 441 EP 442 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000012553.22734.cc PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 552GL UT WOS:000175611200019 PM 12150186 ER PT J AU Menon, VM Ram-Mohan, LR Goodhue, WD Gatesman, AJ Karakashian, AS AF Menon, VM Ram-Mohan, LR Goodhue, WD Gatesman, AJ Karakashian, AS TI Role of interface phonons in quantum cascade terahertz emitters SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter CY AUG 12-17, 2001 CL DARTMOUTH COLL, HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE HO DARTMOUTH COLL DE interface phonons; quantum cascade laser; intersubband; terahertz ID LASERS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; SYSTEMS AB We present evidence of terahertz emission from electrically injected GaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade structures employing interface phonons for depopulation. Electroluminescence is observed at 17.5 meV (4.2 THz or 71 pm) with full-width at half-maximum of 1.6 meV at T = 10 K. In our three-level cascade structures, the lower two electronic levels are designed to be in resonance with the higher energy AlAs-like interface phonon modes. Theoretical simulations indicate that the possibility of achieving population inversion between the upper two electronic states is enhanced by the utilization of the extremely fast interface phonon-mediated depopulation scheme. We also experimentally verify the presence of hybrid phonons in the cascade structure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Submillimeter Wave Technol Lab, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Menon, VM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Ctr Photon & Optoelect Mat, POEM, EQUAD, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Ram-Mohan, Ramdas/C-5167-2012 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY PY 2002 VL 316 BP 212 EP 215 AR PII S0921-4526(02)00461-1 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00461-1 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 564CL UT WOS:000176297400046 ER PT J AU Nizette, M Erneux, T Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V Simpson, TB AF Nizette, M Erneux, T Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V Simpson, TB TI Bistability of pulsating intensities for double-locked laser diodes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MODULATED SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; OPTICAL-INJECTION; BIFURCATIONS; STABILITY; LOCKING; CHAOS; NOISE AB Rate equations for semiconductor lasers subjected to simultaneous near-resonant optical injection and microwave current modulation are examined by combined analytical-numerical bifurcation techniques. Simple qualitative criteria are given for a bistable response. These results compare well with experimental measurements. C1 Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. USAF, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Jaycor Inc, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Nizette, M (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Campus Plaine,Code Postal 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 AR 056610 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.056610 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 568PZ UT WOS:000176552500110 PM 12059734 ER PT J AU Poggie, J Gaitonde, DV AF Poggie, J Gaitonde, DV TI Magnetic control of flow past a blunt body: Numerical validation and exploration SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article AB Computational and theoretical studies of a Mach 5 flow over a hemisphere were carried out to validate a new computer code for magnetogasdynamic simulation, and to examine the possibility of heat transfer mitigation through magnetic control. Sample calculations were made using a local solution developed by W. B. Bush [J. Aerosp. Sci. 25, 685 (1958); 28, 610 (1961)] for the stagnation point flow over an axisymmetric blunt body with an imposed dipole magnetic field. Numerical computations, which obviated many of the simplifications inherent in the Bush theory, were carried out employing the low magnetic Reynolds number approximation. Both models indicate that an imposed dipole field can slow the flow in the conductive shock layer and consequently reduce the wall heat flux in the vicinity of the stagnation point. The theoretical model predicts a slightly higher level of heat transfer than that obtained computationally, but there is good agreement between the two models in the fractional change in heat transfer with increasing strength of the applied magnetic field. For both models, nonuniform electrical conductivity was found to reduce the effectiveness of a given applied field. Magnetic flow control is seen to have a sound physical basis, and may prove to be a useful technology for heat transfer mitigation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Computat Sci Ctr, Res Lab, VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), USAF, Computat Sci Ctr, Res Lab, VAAC, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1720 EP 1731 DI 10.1063/1.1465424 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 540PY UT WOS:000174938400017 ER PT J AU Luginsland, JW Lau, YY Umstattd, RJ Watrous, JJ AF Luginsland, JW Lau, YY Umstattd, RJ Watrous, JJ TI Beyond the Child-Langmuir law: A review of recent results on multidimensional space-charge-limited flow SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2001 CL LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID EMISSION; BEAM AB Space-charge-limited (SCL) flows in diodes have been an area of active research since the pioneering work of Child and Langmuir in the early part of the last century. Indeed, the scaling of current density with the voltage to the 3/2's power is one of the best-known limits in the fields of non-neutral plasma physics, accelerator physics, sheath physics, vacuum electronics, and high power microwaves. In the past five years, there has been renewed interest in the physics and characteristics of SCL emission in physically realizable configurations. This research has focused on characterizing the current and current density enhancement possible from two- and three-dimensional geometries, such as field-emitting arrays. In 1996, computational efforts led to the development of a scaling law that described the increased current drawn due to two-dimensional effects. Recently, this scaling has been analytically derived from first principles. In parallel efforts, computational work has characterized the edge enhancement of the current density, leading to a better understanding of the physics of explosive emission cathodes. In this paper, the analytic and computational extensions to the one-dimensional Child-Langmuir law will be reviewed, the accuracy of SCL emission algorithms will be assessed, and the experimental implications of multidimensional SCL flows will be discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Microwave Div, Ctr Plasma Theory & Computat, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Luginsland, JW (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Microwave Div, Ctr Plasma Theory & Computat, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 5 BP 2371 EP 2376 DI 10.1063/1.1459453 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545CG UT WOS:000175198200064 ER PT J AU Brown, MS Ganguly, BN Garscadden, A AF Brown, MS Ganguly, BN Garscadden, A TI Resonance enhanced deactivation of argon 4p '[1/2](o) state by atomic oxygen and its impact on actinometry SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; PLASMAS; DIAGNOSTICS; DISCHARGES; GASES; AR AB Ar emission at 750 nm is often used in actinometry of reacting species in materials processing discharges. The upper excited state, 4p'[1/2]degrees (2p(1)), of this Ar emission line is nearly iso-energetic with three excited states of atomic oxygen that lie just below the O atom ionization limit. We have measured the resonant deactivation of this Ar excited state by O atoms in SF6/Ar/O-2 rf-driven discharges with high O-2 dissociation fractions. At fixed pressure and input power, the Ar emission at 750 nm decreases with O-2 additions up to 10%. In marked contrast, emissions from Ar* states that lie above the O atom ionization limit either increase with O-2 addition or do not change. In particular, strong emission from a 6s state at 641 nm increases linearly with O-2 addition. Under these same conditions, emission of the 704 nm F atom line increases with O-2 addition. Behaviour of the 750 nm emitting Ar 2p(1) state is consistent with the other 4p (2p(n)) states each of which lies below the O atom ionization limit. All of the 4p (2p(n)) Ar excited states are nearly iso-energetic with high-lying atomic oxygen states. The energy defects are less than the available thermal energy in the discharge environment of this study. Each of the Ar 4p (2p(n)) states exhibit behaviour consistent with resonant O atom quenching. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, MS (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 11 IS 2 BP 190 EP 194 AR PII S0963-0252(02)34645-0 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/11/2/310 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 565YR UT WOS:000176398600009 ER PT J AU Grayson, DE Abbott, RM Levy, AD Sherman, PM AF Grayson, DE Abbott, RM Levy, AD Sherman, PM TI Emphysematous infections of the abdomen and pelvis: A pictorial review SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 86th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological-Society-of-North-America (RSNA) CY NOV 26-DEC 01, 2000 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Radiol Soc N Amer DE cholecystitis; cystitis; emphysema, gastrointestinal; gastritis; genitourinary system, infection; pancreatitis; scrotum, diseases ID URINARY-TRACT INFECTIONS; FOURNIERS-GANGRENE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN; EFFERVESCENT GALLBLADDER; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; GENITOURINARY TRACT; ACUTE-PANCREATITIS; PROGNOSTIC VALUE AB Emphysematous (gas-forming) infections of the abdomen and pelvis represent potentially life-threatening conditions that require aggressive medical and often surgical management. The initial clinical manifestation of these entities may be insidious, but rapid progression to sepsis will occur in the absence of early therapeutic intervention. Conventional radiography and ultrasonography are often the initial imaging modalities used to evaluate patients with abdominopelvic complaints. However, when a differential diagnosis remains, or if further localization or confirmation of tentative findings is needed, computed tomography (CT) should be considered the imaging modality of choice. CT is both highly sensitive and specific in the detection of abnormal gas and well suited to reliable depiction of the anatomic location and extent of the gas. Of equal importance may be the capability of CT to help reliably identify benign sources of gas, because treatment (if any) varies dramatically depending on the source. Knowledge of the pathophysiologic characteristics, common predisposing conditions, and typical imaging features associated with gas-forming infections of the gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, and genitourinary system will help make early diagnosis and successful treatment possible. In addition, such knowledge will aid in further diagnostic work-up, surveillance of potential complications, and evaluation of therapeutic response. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS 759, MTRD, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Grayson, DE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MDTS 759, MTRD, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 65 TC 103 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 543 EP 561 PG 19 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 550HW UT WOS:000175498400008 PM 12006686 ER PT J AU Gallentine, ML Morey, AF AF Gallentine, ML Morey, AF TI Imaging of the male urethra for stricture disease SO UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID COLOR DOPPLER ULTRASOUND; INTERNAL URETHROTOMY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ANTERIOR; SONOURETHROGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; URETHROGRAPHY; URETHROPLASTY AB A variety of imaging techniques are available for evaluating urethral strictures. Radiographic staging helps characterize strictures as well as periurethral pathology thus enabling determination of appropriate therapy. Urethral imaging techniques including retrograde and antegrade urethrography, sonourethrography, and magnetic resonance imaging are presented. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0094-0143 J9 UROL CLIN N AM JI Urol. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 29 IS 2 BP 361 EP + AR PII S0094-0143(02)00028-9 DI 10.1016/S0094-0143(02)00028-9 PG 13 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 597MU UT WOS:000178226000011 PM 12371227 ER PT J AU Gerken, M Schneider, S Schroer, T Haiges, R Christe, KO AF Gerken, M Schneider, S Schroer, T Haiges, R Christe, KO TI Improved synthesis of CsN3 SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE cesium azide; fluorosulfite; azidosulfite ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB Cesium azide can conveniently be prepared from anhydrous CsF and (CH3)(3)SiN3 in SO2 solvent in high purity and yield. In this reaction, the initially generated SO2F- anion is converted in SO2 solvent to solvated azide, (SO2)(n)N-3(-), which is labile and releases SO2 under dynamic vacuum yielding pure CsN3. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Univ Pk, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 628 IS 5 BP 909 EP 910 DI 10.1002/1521-3749(200206)628:5<909::AID-ZAAC909>3.0.CO;2-C PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 566DD UT WOS:000176411000004 ER PT J AU Ahoujja, M McFall, JL Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Van Nostrand, JE AF Ahoujja, M McFall, JL Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Van Nostrand, JE TI Electrical and optical investigation of MBE grown Si-doped AlxGa1-xN as a function of Al mole fraction up to 0.5 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Defects: Recognition, Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors (DRIP IX) CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL RIMINI, ITALY DE doping effects; gallium nitride; hall effect; molecular beam epitaxy; nitrides; optical properties; cathodoluminescence ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GAN; ALGAN; LAYER; FILMS; DONOR AB Si-doped AlxGa1-xN grown by gas source MBE was investigated as a function of Al mole fraction up to 0.5 using temperature dependent Hall effect (TDH) and cathodoluminescence measurements. The band gap energies for the AlxGa1-xN layers estimated from the bound exciton peaks agree well with the linearly extrapolated band gaps only for x less than or equal to 0.3. TDH measurements reveal the presence of a highly degenerate n-type region at the AlxGa1-xN/sapphire interface. The donor concentrations of AlxGa1-xN layers are estimated to be 4.5, 5.0, 15, 19, and 8 x 10(18) cm(-3) for x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, respectively, compared with the nominal doping value of 10(18) Si cm(-3). The activation energies of the Si donors are 6, 11, 40, 60, and 68 meV for x = 0.1 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, respectively. Both the electrical and optical measurements indicate that good quality AlxGa1-xN films can be grown for x up to 0.3 by gas source MBE using a sapphire substrate and an AlN buffer layer, but lesser quality films are obtained for x > 0.3. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH USA. RP Yeo, YK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD APR 30 PY 2002 VL 91 SI SI BP 285 EP 289 AR PII S0921-5107(01)01031-5 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(01)01031-5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 539HL UT WOS:000174864400061 ER PT J AU Brey, RL Holliday, SI Saklad, AR Navarrete, MG Hermosillo-Romo, D Stallworth, CL Valdez, CR Escalante, A del Rincon, I Gronseth, G Rhine, CB Padilla, P McGlasson, D AF Brey, RL Holliday, SI Saklad, AR Navarrete, MG Hermosillo-Romo, D Stallworth, CL Valdez, CR Escalante, A del Rincon, I Gronseth, G Rhine, CB Padilla, P McGlasson, D TI Neuropsychiatric syndromes in lupus - Prevalence using standarized definitions SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID 3 ETHNIC-GROUPS; COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION; RATING-SCALE; ERYTHEMATOSUS; DISEASE; CLASSIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; CRITERIA; AUTOANTIBODIES; ASSOCIATION AB Objective: The San Antonio Lupus Study of Neuropsychiatric Disease is a longitudinal study designed to characterize the spectrum of and important risk factors for specific neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) syndromes. Methods: Subjects must meet criteria for SLE and must be at least 18 years of age. A standardized medical history, neurologic, rheumatologic, and psychiatric examinations, computerized neuropsychological evaluation, and serologic testing are performed. Results: This report is based on the first 128 subjects (120 women and 8 men) who completed the initial study visit. Data from this initial study visit were evaluated for the prevalence of NPSLE using the American College of Rheumatology case definitions for 19 NPSLE syndromes. One or more NPSLE syndromes were present in 80% of subjects: cerebrovascular disease (2, 2%; ischemic stroke); headaches (73, 57%); mononeuropathy (9, 8%; median 8, ulnar 1); movement disorder (1, 1%; chorea); neuropathy, cranial (2, 2%; trigeminal); polyneuropathy (29, 22%; sensorimotor); seizures (21, 16%; partial); anxiety disorder (27, 24%); major depressive-like episode (37, 28%); mood disorder with depressive features (21, 19%); mood disorder with manic features (3, 3%); mood disorder with mixed features (1, 1%); psychosis (6, 5%). In a subset of 67 patients who received standardized neuropsychological testing, 21% had normal results. In the remainder, the following levels of impairment were seen: 43% mild, 30% moderate, and 6% severe. Conclusions: The prevalence of NPSLE was high in this cohort of unselected patients with SLE. Headaches, cognitive dysfunction, and psychiatric disorders were the most common NPSLE syndromes seen. These results will be easily comparable to other studies also using standardized diagnostic criteria. However, the lack of ethnicity and language-matched normative neuropsychological data may make comparisons of cognitive dysfunction in SLE populations difficult. C1 Audie L Murphy Vet Assoc Hosp, Dept Med, Div Neurol, San Antonio, TX USA. Audie L Murphy Vet Assoc Hosp, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Brey, RL (reprint author), Dept Med, Div Neurol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr 7883, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RI Valdez, Carmen/K-6313-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR01346-19]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS35477] NR 52 TC 297 Z9 316 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD APR 23 PY 2002 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1214 EP 1220 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 543QR UT WOS:000175113100013 PM 11971089 ER PT J AU Hinde, RJ Anderson, DT Tam, S Fajardo, ME AF Hinde, RJ Anderson, DT Tam, S Fajardo, ME TI Probing quantum solvation with infrared spectroscopy: infrared activity induced in solid parahydrogen by N-2 and Ar dopants SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MATRIX-ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; HYDROGEN; DEPOSITION AB We present the first high-resolution study of the infrared (IR) absorption spectra of solid parahydrogen matrices containing low concentrations of N-2 or Ar impurities, The spectra reveal dopant-induced absorption features that acquire IR activity through short-range isotropic vibrational transition dipole moments arising from dopant-H-2 intermolecular interactions. These dopant-induced features provide new insights into the perturbation of the vibron bands of the H-2 matrix by chemical impurities, and thus into the physics of solvation in a quantum solid. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hinde, RJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Hinde, Robert/0000-0003-3499-9222 NR 17 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2002 VL 356 IS 3-4 BP 355 EP 360 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00346-9 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00346-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 548UQ UT WOS:000175408600025 ER PT J AU Barchers, JD AF Barchers, JD TI Convergence rates for iterative vector space projection methods for control of two deformable mirrors for compensation of both amplitude and phase fluctuations SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-BEAM PROJECTION; SCINTILLATION COMPENSATION AB The control of two deformable mirrors for compensation of time-varying fluctuations in the complex field that results from wave propagation through a turbulent medium is considered. Iterative vector space projection methods are utilized to determine the control commands to be applied to the two deformable mirrors. Convergence of the iterative algorithm is accelerated when the algorithm is initialized, at each measurement period, with the values for the phase commands obtained from the previous measurement period. Furthermore, it is found that, if the sample frequency is sufficiently greater than the Greenwood frequency, then only a single iterative step at each measurement period is required to obtain good compensation of both amplitude and phase fluctuations. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Barchers, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2213 EP 2218 DI 10.1364/AO.41.002213 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 544KH UT WOS:000175156400003 PM 12003212 ER PT J AU Brewer, CD Duncan, BD Maciejewski, PS Kirkpatrick, SM Watson, EA AF Brewer, CD Duncan, BD Maciejewski, PS Kirkpatrick, SM Watson, EA TI Space-bandwidth product enhancement of a monostatic, multiaperture infrared image upconversion ladar receiver incorporating periodically poled LiNbO3 SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATORS; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; COHERENT; IR AB We investigate the space-bandwidth product of a ladar system incorporating an upconversion receiver. After illuminating a target with an eye-safe beam, we direct the return into a piece of periodically poled LiNbO3. where it is upconverted into the visible spectrum and detected with a CCD camera. The theoretical and experimental transfer functions are then found. We show that the angular acceptance of the upconversion process severely limits the receiver field of regard for macroscopic coupling optics. This limitation is overcome with a pair of microlens arrays, and a 43% increase in the system's measured space-bandwidth product is demonstrated. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brewer, CD (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Ctr Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM brad@udayton.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2251 EP 2262 DI 10.1364/AO.41.002251 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 544KH UT WOS:000175156400009 PM 12003218 ER PT J AU Zakel, A Blackshire, JL Schunemann, PG Setzler, SD Goldstein, J Guha, S AF Zakel, A Blackshire, JL Schunemann, PG Setzler, SD Goldstein, J Guha, S TI Temperature and pulse-duration dependence of second-harmonic generation in CdGeAs2 SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB A detailed investigation of frequency doubling of a transversely excited atmospheric CO2 laser operating at 9.55 pm with a CdGeAs2 crystal was carried out. The temperature of the crystal was varied between 80 and 295 K to maximize the frequency-doubled energy. The temporal shape of the generated beam at 4.775 mum was monitored to calculate its peak power. High values of midwave infrared pulse energy (16.65 mJ) and peak power (92 kW) were obtained, which can be of potential use in lidar systems. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. BAE Syst, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Zakel, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shekhar.guha@afrl.af.mil NR 12 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 12 BP 2299 EP 2303 DI 10.1364/AO.41.002299 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 544KH UT WOS:000175156400014 PM 12003223 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Mendiratta, MG Dimiduk, DM AF Parthasarathy, TA Mendiratta, MG Dimiduk, DM TI Oxidation mechanisms in Mo-reinforced Mo5SiB2(T-2)-Mo3Si alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE oxidation; Mo-reinforced Mo5SiB2 (T2)-Mo-3 Si alloy; boron; silicon; mechanism ID SI-B INTERMETALLICS; TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR AB Results of a systematic investigation of the oxidation in a Mo-Si-B alloy containing the three phases, Mo, Mo3Si, and Mo5SiB2, (T2) are presented. The relative kinetics of B-containing silica-scale formation, permeation of MoO3, through the viscous scale, the viscosity of the B-containing SiQ(2) scale, volatilization of MoO3 and B2O3 from the silica scale, are identified as key parameters that determine the kinetics of the oxidation of the alloy in the temperature range of 500-1300 degreesC. The oxidation is worst in the intermediate temperature range, 650-750 degreesC, where MoO3 begins to volatilize but B2O3 does not, resulting in gaseous MoO3 bubbling through a low viscosity borosilicate scale. In this temperature range, the scale provides insufficient protection suggesting that attempts to improve the oxidation resistance of this system must focus on this temperature range. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 19 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR 19 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1857 EP 1868 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00039-3 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00039-3 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 547HU UT WOS:000175327600019 ER PT J AU Ridker, PM Shih, J Cook, TJ Clearfield, M Downs, JR Pradhan, AD Weis, SE Gotto, AM AF Ridker, PM Shih, J Cook, TJ Clearfield, M Downs, JR Pradhan, AD Weis, SE Gotto, AM CA Air Force Texas Coronary Atheroscl TI Plasma homocysteine concentration, statin therapy, and the risk of first acute coronary events SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE prevention; myocardial infarction; lipids; lipoproteins ID VASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; HOMOCYST(E)INE; AFCAPS/TEXCAPS; PREVENTION; REDUCTION; WOMEN AB Background-Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with increased coronary risk, and it has been suggested that homocysteine screening may provide a method to identify high-risk patients for aggressive primary prevention. Methods and Results-Homocysteine was measured at baseline and after I year among 5569 participants in die Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS), a randomized trial of lovastatin in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. The effects of homocysteine, LDL cholesterol, and lovastatin on risk were assessed over 5.2 years of trial follow-up. Median baseline homocysteine levels were significantly higher among study participants who subsequently had acute coronary events compared with those who did not (12.1 versus 10.9 mumol/L, P<0.001). The relative risks of future events from lowest (referent) to highest quartile of homocysteine were 1.0, 1.6, 1.6, and 2.2 (P<0.001). These effects were similar among those allocated to lovastatin and those allocated to placebo and were modestly attenuated after adjustment for other traditional risk factors. As predicted, the subgroup of participants with elevated LDL cholesterol and elevated homocysteine levels were at high risk and benefited greatly from statin therapy (relative risk, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.75; number needed to treat=26). However, in contrast to findings in this trial for C-reactive protein, homocysteine evaluation did not help to define low LDL subgroups, with different responses to lovastatin therapy. Conclusions-Although homocysteine predicted future coronary events in AFCAPS/TexCAPS, we found little evidence that homocysteine evaluation provided an improved method to target statin therapy among those with low-to-normal LDL cholesterol levels. C1 Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Leducq Ctr Cardiovasc Res,Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. Merck Res Lab, Rahway, NJ USA. Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Worth, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ridker, PM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Prevent, 900 Commonwealth Ave E, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-58755, HL-63293] NR 18 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 16 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 15 BP 1776 EP 1779 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000014447.06099.FB PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 543XK UT WOS:000175127700010 PM 11956118 ER PT J AU Burnham, BR AF Burnham, BR TI Re: "Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in the us military: A sero-epidemiologic survey of 21,000 troops" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Res Lab, Biomech & Modeling Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Burnham, BR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Biomech & Modeling Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 8 BP 778 EP 779 DI 10.1093/aje/155.8.778-a PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 548PE UT WOS:000175396900017 PM 11943697 ER PT J AU Lo, I Tsai, JK Tu, LW Hsieh, KY Tsai, MH Liu, CS Huang, JH Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Sheu, JK AF Lo, I Tsai, JK Tu, LW Hsieh, KY Tsai, MH Liu, CS Huang, JH Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Sheu, JK TI Piezoelectric effect on Al0.35-delta In delta Ga0.65N/GaN heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; QUANTUM-WELLS; SPONTANEOUS POLARIZATION; TRANSPORT AB Al0.35-deltaIndeltaGa0.65N/GaN heterostructures have been studied by using transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, and Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) measurements. In the sample of delta<0.01%, two SdH oscillations beat each other due to the population of the lowest two subbands. The carrier concentrations of these two subbands are 1.398 and 1.248x10(13) cm(-2) and the electric field at the interface is reduced to 2.19x10(4) V/cm, which is one order of magnitude smaller than that of Al0.35Ga0.65N/GaN heterostructure. We suggest that a small fraction of In atoms in the Al0.35-δInδGa0.65N can be used as a tuning parameter to control the strain and the piezoelectric field at the interface. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Inst Opt Sci, Chungli 32000, Taiwan. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Lo, I (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 15 BP 2684 EP 2686 DI 10.1063/1.1469209 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 540QA UT WOS:000174938600021 ER PT J AU Albert, JM AF Albert, JM TI Nonlinear interaction of outer zone electrons with VLF waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; RADIATION BELT; ACCELERATION; CHORUS; ANGLE AB [1] Analytical expressions have been obtained for three different types of cyclotron-resonant interaction of a test particle with a monochromatic electromagnetic wave: diffusion, phase bunching, and phase trapping. All three lead to changes in particle energy and pitch angle. They are evaluated for VLF waves and electrons at L=5.5, to try to account for observed electron acceleration following magnetic storms. The results are that diffusion may be too slow, while phase bunching leads to deceleration. A maximal estimate of phase trapping, considered in isolation, leads to the acceleration of at least some 0.1 MeVelectrons to similar to1 MeV in about 1 minute. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 19 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 8 AR 1275 DI 10.1029/2001GL013941 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DF UT WOS:000178886800012 ER PT J AU Houpis, CH AF Houpis, CH TI Horowitz: bridging the gap SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Houpis, CH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1002/rnc.649 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 535MZ UT WOS:000174649400003 ER PT J AU Lo, I Tsai, JK Yao, WJ Ho, PC Tu, LW Chang, TC Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Hsieh, KY Huang, JH Huang, HL Tsai, WC AF Lo, I Tsai, JK Yao, WJ Ho, PC Tu, LW Chang, TC Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Hsieh, KY Huang, JH Huang, HL Tsai, WC TI Spin splitting in modulation-doped AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ELECTRON INTERACTIONS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES; BAND-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM-WELLS; POLARIZATION; GAS AB We have studied the electronic properties of AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterostructures by using Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) measurement. Two SdH oscillations were detected on the samples of x=0.35 and 0.31, due to the population of the first two subbands with the energy separations of 128 and 109 meV, respectively. For the sample of x=0.25, two SdH oscillations beat each other, probably due to a finite zero-field spin splitting. The spin-splitting energy is equal to 9.0 meV. The samples also showed a persistent photoconductivity effect after illuminating by blue light-emitting diode. C1 Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AF Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Lo, I (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. NR 13 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 16 AR 161306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.161306 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 547GQ UT WOS:000175325000012 ER PT J AU Russo, MB Escolas, S Santiago, S Thomas, ML Sing, HC Thorne, DR Holland, D Johnson, DE Redmond, DP Hall, SW AF Russo, MB Escolas, S Santiago, S Thomas, ML Sing, HC Thorne, DR Holland, D Johnson, DE Redmond, DP Hall, SW TI Visual neglect in sleep deprived air force pilots in a simulated 12-hour flight SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 25 SU S MA 119 BP A88 EP A88 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 540KB UT WOS:000174927200121 ER PT J AU Menon, VM Goodhue, WD Karakashian, AS Naweed, A Plant, J Ram-Mohan, LR Gatesman, A Badami, V Waldman, J AF Menon, VM Goodhue, WD Karakashian, AS Naweed, A Plant, J Ram-Mohan, LR Gatesman, A Badami, V Waldman, J TI Dual-frequency quantum-cascade terahertz emitter SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE AB We report the realization of a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-cascade terahertz emitter capable of emitting at two entirely different frequencies from the same structure. This is realized through judicious wavefunction engineering of the relevant electronic states. Emission is observed at 6.32 meV (1.5 THz) and 12.18 meV (2.9 THz) with full width at half maximum of 0.72 meV and 0.58 meV, respectively, at T=10 K. The structure consisted of 40 periods of the quantum-cascade module. Emission occurred between two sets of distinct energy levels that came into the desired configuration at different biases due to the quantum-confined Stark effect. Higher-energy AlAs-like phonons were utilized for the depopulation mechanism. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Submillimeter Wave Technol Lab, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Menon, VM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Ctr Photon & Optoelect Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Ram-Mohan, Ramdas/C-5167-2012 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 14 BP 2454 EP 2456 DI 10.1063/1.1467698 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 537NW UT WOS:000174765900008 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA Knighton, WB AF Miller, TM Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA Knighton, WB TI Electron attachment to SF5CF3 (296-563 K) and calculations of the neutral and anion thermochemistry SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY; PENTAFLUORIDE; ENERGIES; MARS; SF6 AB Moller-Plesset (MP) perturbation theory and density functional theory (DFT) were used to examine the structure and bonding of trifluoromethyl sulfurpentafluoride, SF5CF3, and the corresponding anion, SF5CF3-. The structural parameters, charge analysis, and energetics are all consistent with the anion having ion-dipole character (i.e., SF5--CF3). Results from G2(MP2) theory yield a neutral D-298(0)(SF5-CF3)=301 kJ mol-1 (3.12 eV), anion D-298(0)(SF5--CF3)=21.5 kJ mol(-1) (0.22 eV), EA(SF5CF3)=119 kJ mol(-1) (1.24 eV), Delta(f)H(298)(0)(SF5CF3)=-1639 kJ mol(-1), and Delta(f)H(298)(SF5CF3-)=-1750 kJ mol(-1). The calculated value for the standard enthalpy of formation for SF5CF3 differs from the previous estimate by 78 kJ mol(-1). DFT was found to perform poorly for quantities related to the neutral SF5-CF3 bond. Calculations were also carried out for SF5, SF5-, CF3, and CF3- fragments, and both DFT and G2(MP2) methods performed well for these open-shell species. Rate constants for electron attachment to SF5CF3 were measured over the temperature range 296-563 K in 133 Pa helium gas using a flowing afterglow Langmuir probe apparatus. The 296 K rate constant is (8.6+/-2.2)x10(-8) cm(3) s(-1), which agrees within uncertainties with the estimate reported by Kennedy and Mayhew [Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 206, i-iv (2001)]. The only ionic product of attachment is SF5-. The temperature dependence of the electron attachment rate constant implies an activation energy of 25 meV. Implications of this work for estimating the atmospheric lifetime of SF5CF3 are discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 14 BP 6021 EP 6027 DI 10.1063/1.1457442 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 535FH UT WOS:000174634200014 ER PT J AU McDougal, JN Robinson, PJ AF McDougal, JN Robinson, PJ TI Assessment of dermal absorption and penetration of components of a fuel mixture (JP-8) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OHIO SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, Div Toxicol, ATSDR, Natl Res Counil & Natl Acad Sci DE JP-8; dermal; skin concentration; permeability coefficient; risk assessment; hydrocarbons; mixtures; absorption; penetration ID JET FUEL; IN-VIVO; IRRITANT AB Occupational and environmental multi-chemical exposures are extremely common. Methods for assessment of the risks from dermal exposures to complex mixtures vary depending on the information available. The composition of a volatile mixture (such as JP-8 jet fuel) can change radically, depending on the phase of the mixture - vapor, liquid or aerosol. Assessing the absorption (into the skin) and penetration (through the skin) of components of the mixture can reduce uncertainty in the risk assessment process. Permeability coefficients of the 12 individual components that could be detected to penetrate the skin could be used to assess the toxicity of each individual component in the JP-8. The penetration of each of these components is related to and can be predicted from molecular weight and octanol water partition coefficients of that component. The composition of the components that penetrate the skin would be different from the composition of JP-8 because the permeability of the components differs by two orders of magnitude. Concentrations of the aliphatic chemicals found in the skin correlated well with carbon number, The JP-8 jet fuel is used as an example of how component data on absorption and penetration can be integrated into an assessment (McDougal et al., Toxicol Sci 2000; 55: 247-255). The component approach shows promise for estimating systemic toxicity of mixtures. Local toxicity (irritation, sensitization, etc.) may be better understood in the future when quantitative information becomes available about the duration and magnitude of chemical exposures required to cause local effects. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 AFRL HEST, Mantech Geo Ctr Joint Venture, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDougal, JN (reprint author), AFRL HEST, Mantech Geo Ctr Joint Venture, 2856 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 30 AR PII S0048-9697(01)01111-1 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01111-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544BJ UT WOS:000175138100004 PM 12013544 ER PT J AU Balaich, GJ Johnson, JEB Weeks, C Burk, S Heimer, N Rothwell, IP Fanwick, P AF Balaich, GJ Johnson, JEB Weeks, C Burk, S Heimer, N Rothwell, IP Fanwick, P TI Organometallic chemistry of 1,3,6-tri(tert-butyl)fulvene. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF Acad, Dept AF, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Fanwick, Phillip/A-8625-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 337-INOR BP A57 EP A57 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296800338 ER PT J AU Day, PN Patnaik, SS Pachter, R AF Day, PN Patnaik, SS Pachter, R TI Quantum mechanical/molecular modeling of the self-catalyzed cyclization reaction in green fluorescent protein. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 385-PHYS BP C76 EP C76 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296801830 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Tan, LS TI Synthesis of poly(ether-ketones) and a poly(ether-sulfone) using polyphosphoric acid/P2O5 as polymerization medium. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBP,AFRL, Polymer Branch, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 135-POLY BP D3 EP D3 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802099 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Tan, LS TI Synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ether-ketone) containing quinoxaline moiety from an AB(2) monomer in polyphosphoric acid/P2O5. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Polymer Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Polymer Branch, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 125-POLY BP D1 EP D1 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802089 ER PT J AU Clarson, SJ Whitlock, PW Patwardhan, SV Brott, LL Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Clarson, SJ Whitlock, PW Patwardhan, SV Brott, LL Naik, RR Stone, MO TI Synthesis of silica nanostructures at neutral pH using catalytic polypeptides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Biotechnol Grp, Res Labs, AFRL,MLPJ, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 231-PMSE BP D92 EP D92 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802655 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Matuszewski, MJ Dalton, MJ Kannan, R Franklin, JE Durstock, MF Tan, LS Arnold, FE AF Dang, TD Matuszewski, MJ Dalton, MJ Kannan, R Franklin, JE Durstock, MF Tan, LS Arnold, FE TI Synthesis and optical characterization of 1H-pyrazole-based 6F-benzoxazole polymers incorporating a two-photon absorption chromophore. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, AFRL,MLBP, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 360-POLY BP D36 EP D36 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802324 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Venkatasubramanian, N Talicska, A Park, SY Arnold, FE AF Dang, TD Venkatasubramanian, N Talicska, A Park, SY Arnold, FE TI Synthesis and characterization of rigid-rod benzobisazole polymers incorporating naphthalene-2,6 and 1,5-diyl structural units. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 201-POLY BP D12 EP D12 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802165 ER PT J AU Gelfer, MY Sics, I Liu, LZ Choi, WJ Wang, ZG Vaia, RA Kim, SC Chu, BJ Hsiao, BS AF Gelfer, MY Sics, I Liu, LZ Choi, WJ Wang, ZG Vaia, RA Kim, SC Chu, BJ Hsiao, BS TI Control of structure and property in nanocomposites comprising semicrystalline polymer matrix and clay. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Adv Funct Polymers, Seoul, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RI Wang, Zhigang/F-6136-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 214-PMSE BP D89 EP D89 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802638 ER PT J AU Park, SY Lee, JW Venkatasubramanian, N Dang, TD Arnold, FE Farmer, BL AF Park, SY Lee, JW Venkatasubramanian, N Dang, TD Arnold, FE Farmer, BL TI Structural studies on naphthalene based rigid-rod benzobisthiazole polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 457-POLY BP D52 EP D52 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802420 ER PT J AU Park, SY Zhang, T Interrante, LV Farmer, BL AF Park, SY Zhang, T Interrante, LV Farmer, BL TI Structure of a cyanobiphenyl side chain liquid crystalline poly(silylenemethylene). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12181 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 434-POLY BP D48 EP D48 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802397 ER PT J AU Akin, JJ Golden, MC Szczepanski, NM AF Akin, JJ Golden, MC Szczepanski, NM TI Investigation of hydrogen production from water by algae in a sulfur restricted medium. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFC, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 341-CHED BP U211 EP U211 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701082 ER PT J AU Crittenden, TH Rakowsky, MH AF Crittenden, TH Rakowsky, MH TI Low temperature EPR investigation of defects in ternary semiconductors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 526-CHED BP U237 EP U238 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701266 ER PT J AU Denaro, TR Golden, MC AF Denaro, TR Golden, MC TI Synthesis of 5-acryloyl-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate and evaluation of its suitability as a DNA polymerase substrate for thermoselex. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 810-CHED BP U288 EP U288 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701549 ER PT J AU Gordon, MS Netzloff, H Day, PN Bandyopadhyay, P Fedorov, D AF Gordon, MS Netzloff, H Day, PN Bandyopadhyay, P Fedorov, D TI Direct dynamics calculations. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Engn, Tokyo, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Laser Hardened Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 199-COMP BP U494 EP U494 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702756 ER PT J AU Lehosit, D Merritt, D Morgan, ME AF Lehosit, D Merritt, D Morgan, ME TI Programming a Pocket PC to control the LabWorks interface. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 637-CHED BP U253 EP U253 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701377 ER PT J AU Lotridge, J Morgan, ME AF Lotridge, J Morgan, ME TI Solubilization of 2-pentanol by cationic surfactants. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF Acad, DFC, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 928-CHED BP U305 EP U305 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701667 ER PT J AU McGill, RJ Golden, MC AF McGill, RJ Golden, MC TI Synthesis of 5-diazoacetyl-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate and its potential for use in thermoselex. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 811-CHED BP U288 EP U288 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701550 ER PT J AU Merritt, D Lehosit, D Morgan, M AF Merritt, D Lehosit, D Morgan, M TI Enabling student learning with the labworks interface and a Pocket PC. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 623-CHED BP U251 EP U251 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701363 ER PT J AU Macon, CA Kempel, LC Schneider, SW AF Macon, CA Kempel, LC Schneider, SW TI Radiation and scattering by complex conformal antennas on a circular cylinder SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE conformal antennas; microstrip patch antennas; hybrid finite element methods ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS; PATCH ANTENNA; CAVITY AB A technique for characterizing and designing complex conformal antennas flush-mounted on a singly-curved surface is presented. This approach is based on the hybrid finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) method. A related method was proposed in the past utilizing cylindrical-shell finite element and roof-top rectangular basis functions for the boundary integral. Although that method proved very powerful for analyzing cylindrical.-rectangular patch arrays flush-mounted to a circular cylinder, the requirement for uniform meshing in the aperture ultimately limited its usefulness. In this present formulation, tetrahedral elements are used to expand the volumetric electric fields while similar basis functions are used for the boundary integral. The curvature of the aperture is explicitly included via the use of the circular cylinder dyadic Green's function. After presentation of the formulation and validation using several well-understood examples, an example is presented that illustrates the capabilities of this method for modeling complex conformal antennas heretofore not examined by rigorous methods due to inherent limitations of the various published methods. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNRP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Kempel, Leo/A-6837-2010; OI Kempel, Leo/0000-0002-8888-6197 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1019-7168 J9 ADV COMPUT MATH JI Adv. Comput. Math. PD APR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2-3 BP 191 EP 209 DI 10.1023/A:1014425527687 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 536YM UT WOS:000174729500007 ER PT J AU Van, T Wood, A AF Van, T Wood, A TI Analysis of time-domain Maxwell's equations for 3-D cavities SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE transparent boundary conditions; Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator; time-domain Maxwell's equations; variational formulation ID NONREFLECTING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; WAVE-EQUATION; SCATTERING; COMPUTATION AB Time-domain Maxwell's equations are studied for the electromagnetic scattering of plane waves from an arbitrarily shaped cavity filled with nonhomogeneous medium. A transparent boundary condition is introduced to reduce the problem to the bounded, cavity. Existence and uniqueness of the model problem are established by a variational approach and the Hodge decomposition. The analysis forms a basis for numerical solution of the model problem. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1019-7168 J9 ADV COMPUT MATH JI Adv. Comput. Math. PD APR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2-3 BP 211 EP 228 DI 10.1023/A:1014489832230 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 536YM UT WOS:000174729500008 ER PT J AU Hanagud, S de Noyer, MB Luo, H Henderson, D Nagaraja, KS AF Hanagud, S de Noyer, MB Luo, H Henderson, D Nagaraja, KS TI Tail buffet alleviation of high-performance twin-tail aircraft using piezostack actuators SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SCALE WIND-TUNNEL; F/A-18 TAIL; ACCELERATION FEEDBACK; PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS; FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES; FLOW AB The phenomenon of the tail buffet is usually associated with high-angle-of-attack operations of a twin-tail aircraft. The unsteady pressures that result from the tail buffet, along with the aeroelastic coupling of the vertical tail structural assembly, cause vibrations of the empennage structural assembly. Such buffet-induced vibrations can shorten the fatigue life the empennage structure and limit the flight envelope of the aircraft due, to the large amplitudes of the fin vibrations. Methods of alleviating the tail buffet-induced vibrations, by the use of smart structure concepts, is presented. Theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted to estimate and enhance the required control authority for tail buffet alleviation using piezoceramic-stack,based actuators. This was accomplished by designing an effective piezoelectric ceramic actuator assembly, developing procedures to place the sensors and actuators optimally on the vertical tail subassembly, designing controllers using acceleration feedback control concepts, and developing procedures to implement these controllers by using digital signal processor-based systems. The effectiveness of multimode controllers was validated by testing a full-scale laboratory subassembly under excitation provided by a shaker and wind-tunnel tests on a 1/16th-scale model with aeroelastically tailored vertical tail subassembly. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Rohini Int, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. RP Hanagud, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 619 EP 627 DI 10.2514/2.1718 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 536RZ UT WOS:000174716800004 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GL Braden, GA Steinhubl, SR Kereiakes, DJ Kottke-Marchant, K Michelson, AD Furman, MI Mueller, MN Moliterno, DJ Sane, DC AF Wheeler, GL Braden, GA Steinhubl, SR Kereiakes, DJ Kottke-Marchant, K Michelson, AD Furman, MI Mueller, MN Moliterno, DJ Sane, DC TI The Ultegra rapid platelet-function assay: Comparison to standard platelet function assays in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with abciximab therapy SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA INTEGRIN; INHIBITION; ANGIOPLASTY; ACTIVATION; BLOCKADE; TRIAL; RISK; 7E3; FAB AB Background Despite the proven benefit of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors during percutaneous coronary intervention, significant interpatient variability exists in antiplatelet response. Furthermore, a diminished degree of platelet inhibition is an independent predictor of adverse cardiac events, highlighting the need for accurate and precise monitoring of platelet function. Methods Patients (n = 192) who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention at 4 centers were enrolled. The following 3 time points were studied: 1, baseline, before abciximab bolus administration; 2, during, within I hour of abciximab bolus administration; and 3, post, 24 hours after abciximab bolus administration or at the time of patient discharge, whichever occurred first. The following 3 assays were compared at all time points: Ultegra rapid platelet-function assay (Ultegra RPFA), conventional turbidometric platelet aggregometry, and receptor binding assay with [I-125]-abciximab. Variability in Ultegra RPFA measurements between operators was determined with performance of the assays at the point of core and in the laboratory. A sub-study of 22 patients at I center was performed in which the laboratory scientist performed all 3 assays in duplicate at each time point. Results Comparison with the receptor binding assay and conventional platelet aggregometry in 120 patients showed that the Ultegra RPFA correlated with aggregometry (r = 0.89) and with the receptor binding assay (r = 0.89). There was good agreement (r = 0.80) between values obtained by intended users and those obtained by laboratory scientists. Furthermore, Ultegra RPFA values had equivalent precision to the standard assays. Conclusion The Ultegra RPFA has equivalent accuracy and precision when compared with the 2 reference assays studied. Ultegra RPFA measurements are not operator-dependent and are not influenced by concomitant medications, hematologic parameters, or demographics. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Cardiol Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Lindner Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ohio Heart Hlth Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RP Sane, DC (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Cardiol Sect, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. NR 15 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 143 IS 4 BP 602 EP 611 DI 10.1067/mhj.2002.121734 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 547VD UT WOS:000175352300006 PM 11923796 ER PT J AU More, DR Hagan, LL AF More, DR Hagan, LL TI Factors affecting compliance with allergen immunotherapy at a military medical center SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYMENOPTERA VENOM IMMUNOTHERAPY; RUSH IMMUNOTHERAPY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; SYSTEMIC REACTIONS; SAFETY; PROTOCOLS; EXTRACT AB Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a safe and effective treatment for certain allergic disorders; however, noncompliance with therapy is common. We evaluated the compliance rates among groups receiving AIT at a military medical center and identified factors affecting compliance. Methods: The charts of the 381 actively enrolled patients in our AIT program were evaluated for patient compliance. Noncompliant patients were contacted to determine the reason for stopping therapy. Patients were then grouped by diagnosis, L age, sex, military status, and schedule of AIT and evaluated for differences. Results: The overall compliance rate was 77.4%. The most common reasons for noncompliance included inconvenience, precluding medical condition, and adverse systemic reaction. There were no differences in compliance rates by diagnosis or sex. Noncompliant patients were younger than compliant patients, 35.4 years versus 42.4 years (P = 0.001); however, when patients were divided into three age categories (<18, IS to 45, and >45 years), the youngest and oldest groups were C 9 more compliant (P < 0.001). Active-duty members were less compliant than retirees and family members, 65.7% versus 83.1% and 81.4%, respectively (P = 0.004). Patients receiving a conventional schedule of AIT were more compliant than those on a rush schedule, 80.0% versus 48.4% (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Factors found to affect patient compliance with an AIT regimen at our military medical center include age, military status, and schedule of AIT. The most common reasons for noncompliance included inconvenience, precluding medical conditions, and adverse systemic reactions. Clinicians need to be aware of the factors limiting patient compliance with AIT in an attempt to maximize treatment effectiveness. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol MMIA, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP More, DR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol MMIA, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 16 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 BP 391 EP 394 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 542ZX UT WOS:000175076800009 PM 11991556 ER PT J AU Lilly, MC Arregui, ME AF Lilly, MC Arregui, ME TI Lipomas of the cord and round ligament SO ANNALS OF SURGERY LA English DT Article ID RECURRENCE AB Objective To determine the incidence, significance, and anatomy of spermatic cord and round ligament lipomas. Methods This was a retrospective review of 280 hernia repairs on 217 patients performed by a single surgeon (M.E.A.) from January 1996 to January 2000. The incidence of cord lipoma and relationship to inguinal hernia were evaluated. Further, when identified at the time of laparoscopic preperitoneal hernia repair, the anatomy of the lipomas was studied both at the time of surgery and again on review of videotapes. Results One hundred ninety-nine laparoscopic and 81 open inguinal hernia repairs were performed on 192 male patients and 25 female patients. Sixty-three lipomas of the cord were identified for an incidence of 22.5%. Overall, 18 cord lipomas were found in groins without hernias, and these were identified before surgery in 10 (2 by physical examination, 7 by groin ultrasound, and 1 by magnetic resonance imaging). The remaining nine were misidentified as a hernia before surgery. Fourteen of these patients presented with groin pain and four were asymptomatic. Forty-five lipomas were associated with hernias and were characterized as a hernia by examination in 43 instances. There were 32 (51%) cord lipomas associated with indirect hernias, 11 (17%) with direct hernias, and 1 each with pantaloon and femoral hernias. Nine lipomas were found in women, seven presenting with groin pain and six found without an associated peritoneal defect, Two patients presented with symptomatic cord lipomas after laparoscopic hernia repair. A lipoma of the cord is herniated fat that appears to originate from the retroperitoneal fat outside and posterior to the internal spermatic fascia and protrudes through the internal ring lateral to the cord. They are generally not visible by transperitoneal inspection unless manually reduced. Conclusions Lipomas of the cord and round ligament occur with a significant incidence. They can cause hernia-type symptoms in the absence of a true hernia (associated with a peritoneal defect). They should be considered in the patient with groin pain and normal examination results, They can be easily overlooked at the time of laparoscopic hernia repair, and this can lead to an unsatisfactory result. C1 St Vincent Hosp & Hlth Care Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Lilly, MC (reprint author), MSGS SGCQ 81, 301 Fisher St,Suite 1A132, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 6 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-4932 J9 ANN SURG JI Ann. Surg. PD APR PY 2002 VL 235 IS 4 BP 586 EP 590 DI 10.1097/00000658-200204000-00018 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 538EV UT WOS:000174802500018 PM 11923616 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR Smets, BF Spain, JC AF Johnson, GR Smets, BF Spain, JC TI Oxidative transformation of aminodinitrotoluene isomers by multicomponent dioxygenases (vol 67, pg 5460, 2001) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 4 BP 2093 EP 2093 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 538YF UT WOS:000174842200083 ER PT J AU Aydin, C Zaslavsky, A Sonek, GJ Goldstein, J AF Aydin, C Zaslavsky, A Sonek, GJ Goldstein, J TI Reduction of reflection losses in ZnGeP2 using motheye antireflection surface relief structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; FABRICATION AB We report the reduction of surface reflection losses in zinc germanium phosphide (ZnGeP2, or ZGP) crystals by fabricating an antireflection (AR) structure in the substrate itself using subwavelength motheye surface patterns. The motheye AR patterning works by creating a region of gradually varying effective refractive index between air and the ternary nonlinear crystal. Motheye structures were created using interference lithography and reactive-ion etching in a SiCl4 plasma. The ZGP crystal with motheye patterning on the output surface reached a transmittance of similar to67% at a cutoff wavelength of 3.8 mum (close to the theoretical maximum of 73%), with negligible surface contamination from the motheye etching process. The motheye patterning technique could be applied to other nonlinear crystals where surface reflection losses are a concern. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Opt Switch Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aydin, C (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RI Zaslavsky, Alexander/F-6232-2012 NR 14 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 13 BP 2242 EP 2244 DI 10.1063/1.1466519 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 535BB UT WOS:000174623300002 ER PT J AU Babkoff, H French, J Whitmore, J Sutherlin, R AF Babkoff, H French, J Whitmore, J Sutherlin, R TI Single-dose bright light and/or caffeine effect on nocturnal performance SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bright light; caffeine; sleep deprivation; melatonin suppression; performance; shift-work ID SLEEP LOSS; MELATONIN SUPPRESSION; NIGHTTIME MELATONIN; TEMPERATURE LEVELS; PROPHYLACTIC NAPS; BODY-TEMPERATURE; ALERTNESS; EXPOSURE; MEMORY; MOOD AB Background. The impact of the separate and combined effects of a 1-h exposure to bright light (similar to3000 lx) and a 200-mg dose of caffeine on nocturnal performance was studied during a simulated shift-work schedule beginning 1730 in the evening and ending 1000 the next morning. Hypothesis. Light and caffeine exposure were expected to improve nocturnal fatigue degradation. Methods: There were 11 subjects tested under 4 treatment conditions: 1) 1 h Dim Light-Placebo; 2) 1 h Bright Light-Placebo; 3) 1 h Dim Light-Caffeine; 4) 1 h Bright Light-Caffeine. Exposure to the light occurred between 0130 and 0230 hours. Caffeine or placebo was administered at 0140 hours. Results: Choice Reaction Time (RT) recorded during the four post-treatment sessions were shorter for the Bright Light-Caffeine, Bright Light-Placebo, and Dim Light-Caffeine conditions than for the Dim Light-Placebo condition. During the sessions beginning 0430 and 0830 hours, the shortest RT was recorded for the Bright Light-Caffeine treatment. The largest number of trials without false alarms per session for the working memory task (letter cancellation) was found for the Bright Light-Caffeine condition. Exposure for 1 h to 3000 lx reduced melatonin concentration between 42-47% from 0230 to 0410 hours. A 200-mg dose of caffeine also reduced melatonin levels, although to a lesser degree than 1 h exposure to 3000 lx. Conclusion: Although 1 h exposure to bright light at 0130 hours combined with a 200-mg dose of caffeine maintains performance throughout the remainder of the night/early morning, a 1-h exposure to bright light without the caffeine may actually degrade performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP French, J (reprint author), 139 Nandina Terrace, Winter Springs, FL 32708 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 73 IS 4 BP 341 EP 350 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 536ZR UT WOS:000174732200004 PM 11952054 ER PT J AU Comer, RL AF Comer, RL TI CSAR history corrected SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Special Operat Command, Nellis AFB, NE USA. RP Comer, RL (reprint author), USAF, Special Operat Command, Nellis AFB, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 USA SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 13 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 537XJ UT WOS:000174784700006 ER PT J AU Cochran, JK Lewis, TP AF Cochran, JK Lewis, TP TI Computing small-fleet aircraft availabilities including redundancy and spares SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE logistics; redundancy and spares; queues; simulation AB Logistics support is a key element of aircraft transportation systems. This paper is concerned with the impact of aircraft spares provisioning decisions on the availability of aircraft. Spares provisioning in this context is complicated by the fact that spares may be shared across aircraft and that aircraft may have redundant systems. In addition, decisions concerning aircraft spares support require a rapid response for safety reasons. Analytical models have proven to provide a quicker response time than corresponding simulation models. There is an existing analytical model that includes the effect of redundancy and spares, but the underlying assumption is that a large number of aircraft are being modeled. In many applications, predictions of the number of times an aircraft can fly each day and the number of aircraft that are ready at any time are applied to a small fleet of aircraft. This paper demonstrates the improvement in computational accuracy that is achieved by reflecting the impact of small numbers of aircraft on availability projections. The approach used is to extend existing finite queuing spares models to including redundancy. Further, the method is used to optimize spares provision with respect to a user specified availability goal. Although the case study for this work is a military combat aircraft application from the Gulf War, the method is applicable to any small system of vehicles or machines where components may be redundant, demand and repairs may be approximated as following an exponential distribution, and limited access to spare parts is the rule. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind & Management Syst Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF, Logist Management Agcy, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Cochran, JK (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind & Management Syst Engn, POB 875906, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 529 EP 540 DI 10.1016/S0305-0548(00)00094-0 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 495VM UT WOS:000172361100008 ER PT J AU Kathleen, KB George, RM AF Kathleen, KB George, RM TI Congenital triangular alopecia: A case report and review SO CUTIS LA English DT Review AB Congenital triangular alopecia is a nonscarring loss of hair mass on the scalp's temporal regions. The area of hair diminution commonly is described as triangular or lancet shaped. Although previously considered congenital, this condition usually is noticed after 2 years of age and, more recently, is thought to be acquired, We propose that this entity be renamed triangular alopecia. Because this condition involves normal rather than inflamed skin, it does not respond to topical or intralesional steroids. It is important to make the correct diagnosis to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful interventions. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy with triangular alopecia. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kathleen, KB (reprint author), 107 Rimdale, Universal City, TX 78148 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD APR PY 2002 VL 69 IS 4 BP 255 EP 256 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 544ZC UT WOS:000175190900002 ER PT J AU Smith, SB Meffert, JJ AF Smith, SB Meffert, JJ TI Lichen sclerosus: An atypical presentation SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID ET-ATROPHICUS AB We describe the case of a 66-year-old Hispanic man with an atypical presentation of lichen sclerosus (LS), The unusual presentation included bilateral axilla involvement (not previously reported to our knowledge), scrotal involvement (not common in men, despite common vulvar involvement in women), and an uncommonly thick plaque on his back. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Smith, SB (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium Program, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD APR PY 2002 VL 69 IS 4 BP 285 EP 287 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 544ZC UT WOS:000175190900009 PM 12080948 ER PT J AU Zhao, L Amin, MG Lindsey, AR AF Zhao, L Amin, MG Lindsey, AR TI GPS antijam via subspace projection: A performance analysis for FM interference in the C/A code SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Defence Applications of Signal Processing Workshop CY JUN, 2002 CL BAROSSA VALLEY, AUSTRALIA ID SPREAD-SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS; MITIGATION; EXCISION; SYSTEMS AB This paper is concerned with frequency modulated (FM) interference cancelation in GPS receivers. FM signals are instantaneously narrowband and have clear time-frequency signatures that are distinct from the GPS C/A spreading codes. Interference cancelation is performed by first constructing the interference subspace and then projecting the data onto the orthogonal subspace. Interference subspace estimation can be provided by the time-frequency distribution (TFD) or any other instantaneous frequency (IF) estimator. The GPS receiver signal-to-interference and noise ratio in the presence of IF or phase estimation errors is derived. The errors are assumed Gaussian and independent. From both analysis and simulations, it is shown that phase estimation errors can substantially impede interference rejection in GPS using subspace projection techniques. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Villanova Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFGC, Rome, NY USA. RP Zhao, L (reprint author), Villanova Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD APR-JUL PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 175 EP 192 DI 10.1006/dspr.2002.0447 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 624FL UT WOS:000179749600004 ER PT J AU Karystinos, GN Qian, HL Medley, MJ Batalama, SN AF Karystinos, GN Qian, HL Medley, MJ Batalama, SN TI Short data record adaptive filtering: The auxiliary-vector algorithm SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Defence Applications of Signal Processing Workshop CY JUN, 2002 CL BAROSSA VALLEY, AUSTRALIA DE adaptive filters; biased estimators; code division multiple access; cross-validation; interference suppression; iterative methods; J-divergence; least mean square methods; auxiliary-vector filters; MMSE filters; MVDR filters; filter estimation; small sample support; finite sample support; short data record estimators; Wiener filters; antenna arrays; smart antenna ID INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION; MULTIUSER DETECTION; COVARIANCE; RECEIVER; SIGNALS; SYSTEMS; ARRAYS; CDMA; DESIGN; PDF AB Based on statistical conditional optimization criteria, we developed an iterative algorithm that starts from the matched filter (or constraint vector) and generates a sequence of filters that converges to the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) solution for any positive definite input autocorrelation matrix. Computationally, the algorithm is a simple recursive procedure that avoids explicit matrix inversion, decomposition, or diagonalization operations. When the input autocorrelation matrix is replaced by a conventional sample-average (positive definite) estimate, the algorithm effectively generates a sequence of MVDR filter estimators: The bias converges rapidly to zero and the covariance trace rises slowly and asymptotically to the covariance trace of the familiar sample matrix inversion (SMI) estimator. For short data records, the early, nonasymptotic, elements of the generated sequence of estimators offer favorable bias-covariance balance and are seen to outperform in mean-square estimation error constraint-LMS, RLS-type, and orthogonal multistage decomposition estimates (also called nested Wiener filters) as well as plain and diagonally loaded SMI estimates. The problem of selecting the most successful (in some appropriate sense) filter estimator in the sequence for a given data record is addressed and two data-driven selection criteria are proposed. The first criterion minimizes the cross-validated sample average variance of the filter estimator output. The second criterion maximizes the estimated J-divergence of the filter estimator output conditional distributions. Illustrative interference suppression examples drawn from the communications literature are followed throughout this presentation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFGC, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Karystinos, GN (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, 32 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM cary@eng.buffalo.edu; haoqian@eng.buffalo.edu; michael.medley@rl.af.mil; batalama@eng.buffalo.edu NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD APR-JUL PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 193 EP 222 DI 10.1006/dspr.2002.0450 PG 30 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 624FL UT WOS:000179749600005 ER PT J AU Song, XY Dill, J Lindsey, AR AF Song, XY Dill, J Lindsey, AR TI Bounds on the minimum distance of high dimensional circular trellis-coded modulation SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Defence Applications of Signal Processing Workshop CY JUN, 2002 CL BAROSSA VALLEY, AUSTRALIA DE trellis coding; coded modulation AB This paper derives the upper and lower bounds on the minimum distance of 4-ary circular trellis-coded modulation using a simplex signal constellation. The bounds are shown to be tight and reachable, and the code is shown to achieve simplex distance between parallel paths at each stage of the trellis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Ohio Univ, Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFGC, Rome, NY USA. RP Song, XY (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD APR-JUL PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.1006/dspr.2002.0454 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 624FL UT WOS:000179749600008 ER PT J AU Michels, JH Rangaswamy, M Himed, B AF Michels, JH Rangaswamy, M Himed, B TI Performance of parametric and covariance based STAP tests in compound-Gaussian clutter SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Defence Applications of Signal Processing Workshop CY JUN, 2002 CL BAROSSA VALLEY, AUSTRALIA DE STAP; compound-Gaussian clutter; SIRP; K-distribution; NAMF; NPAMF; NG-PAMF; CFAR; Kelly GLRT ID ADAPTIVE MATCHED-FILTER; RADAR DETECTION; DETECTION ALGORITHM; SUBSPACE DETECTORS; SEA CLUTTER; PREDICTION AB The performance of a parametric space-time adaptive processing method is presented here. Specifically, we consider signal detection in additive disturbance containing compound-Gaussian clutter plus additive Gaussian thermal white noise. Performance is compared to the normalized adaptive matched filter and the Kelly GLRT receiver using simulated and measured data. We focus on the issues of detection and false alarm probabilities, constant false alarm rate, robustness with respect to clutter texture power variations, and reduced training data support. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNRT, Rome, NY USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Michels, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNRT, Rome, NY USA. NR 52 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD APR-JUL PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 307 EP 328 DI 10.1006/dspr.2002.0437 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 624FL UT WOS:000179749600013 ER PT J AU Cohen, L Galleani, L Hedges, R Hughes, D Loughlin, P Suter, B AF Cohen, L Galleani, L Hedges, R Hughes, D Loughlin, P Suter, B TI Time-frequency analysis of a variable stiffness model for fault development SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Defence Applications of Signal Processing Workshop CY JUN, 2002 CL BAROSSA VALLEY, AUSTRALIA DE time-frequency analysis; harmonic oscillator; nonlinear oscillator; instantaneous frequency AB Over the past 50 years it has been found that many real systems have spectra which are changing in time. In this article we explore the possibility of describing such systems with harmonic and nonlinear oscillator equations whose coefficients are time dependent. We show that time-frequency analysis offers a powerful method to study such systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cohen, L (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD APR-JUL PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 429 EP 440 DI 10.1006/dspr.2002.0458 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 624FL UT WOS:000179749600022 ER PT J AU Bunning, ML Bowen, RA Cropp, CB Sullivan, KG Davis, BS Komar, N Godsey, MS Baker, D Hettler, DL Holmes, DA Biggerstaff, BJ Mitchell, CJ AF Bunning, ML Bowen, RA Cropp, CB Sullivan, KG Davis, BS Komar, N Godsey, MS Baker, D Hettler, DL Holmes, DA Biggerstaff, BJ Mitchell, CJ TI Experimental infection of horses with West Nile virus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CULEX AB A total of 12 horses of different breeds and ages were infected with West Nile virus (WNV) via the bites of infected Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Half the horses were infected with a viral isolate from the brain of a horse (BC787), and half were infected with an isolate from crow brain (NY99-6625); both were NY99 isolates. Postinfection, uninfected female Ae. albopictus fed on eight of the infected horses. In the first trial, Nt antibody titers reached greater than or equal to1:320, 1:20, 1:160, and 1:80 for horses 1 to 4, respectively. In the second trial, the seven horses with subclinical infections developed Nt antibody titers greater than or equal to1:10 between days 7 and 11 post infection. The highest viremia level in horses fed upon by the recipient mosquitoes was approximately 460 Vero cell PFU/mL. All mosquitoes that fed upon viremic horses were negative for the virus. Horses infected with the NY99 strain of WNV develop low viremia levels of short duration; therefore, infected horses are unlikely to serve as important amplifying hosts for WNV in nature. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. USAF, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bunning, ML (reprint author), POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 24 TC 167 Z9 175 U1 2 U2 9 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 380 EP 386 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 538UD UT WOS:000174832700008 PM 11971771 ER PT J AU Wilkes, JS AF Wilkes, JS TI A short history of ionic liquids - from molten salts to neoteric solvents SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID REDUCTION POTENTIALS; ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE; TEMPERATURE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY AB Ionic liquids, defined here as salts with melting temperatures below 100degreesC, evolved from traditional high temperature molten salts. Some materials we would now recognize as ionic liquids were observed as far back as the mid 19th century. The quest for useful molten salts with lower melting temperatures led to inorganic chloroaluminates, to organic chloroaluminates, then to the water and air stable salts now being developed for green chemistry applications. C1 USAF Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wilkes, JS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 37 TC 952 Z9 984 U1 48 U2 350 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PD APR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1039/b110838g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 551FA UT WOS:000175547900003 ER PT J AU Gajsek, P Pakhomov, AG Klauenberg, BJ AF Gajsek, P Pakhomov, AG Klauenberg, BJ TI Electromagnetic field standards in Central and Eastern European countries: Current state and stipulations for international harmonization SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation, nonionizing; safety standards; electromagnetic fields; radiation protection ID EXPOSURE AB Electromagnetic field standards in the West are based on well-established acute biological effects that could be considered as signaling a potentially adverse health effect The specific absorption rate, which is proportional to the tissue heating (thermal effects), represents the basic restriction of exposure to Radio-Frequency (RF) fields. On the other hand, Eastern European standards are designed to protect from potential non-thermal effects that might be caused by chronic exposure to very low intensities, where a so-called "power load" (a product of field intensity and duration of exposure) represents the basic limitation. Thus, electromagnetic field standards in Eastern European countries differ considerably from those which are proposed by the International Commission of Non-ionizing Radiation Protection and the Standards Coordinating Committee 28 of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, In the present paper, the strategies for development of exposure limit values in electromagnetic fields standards currently in form in Eastern and Central European countries are discussed. Some differences as well as similarities of the national health and safety standards and the main obstacles to harmonization of these standards with those being established by Western national and international organizations and agencies are presented. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. McKesson BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Gajsek, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Trubarjeva 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. EM Peter.Gajsek@IVZ-RS.si NR 39 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD APR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 4 BP 473 EP 483 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 531XU UT WOS:000174443200006 PM 11906136 ER PT J AU Hale, TB Temple, MA Wicks, MC Raquet, JF Oxley, ME AF Hale, TB Temple, MA Wicks, MC Raquet, JF Oxley, ME TI Performance characterisation of hybrid STAP architecture incorporating elevation interferometry SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID NONHOMOGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS AB Radar space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques have classically focused on azimuth-Doppler adaptivity while placing minimal emphasis on elevation. Elevation beamforming offers significant clutter suppression improvement, allowing further suppression of interference sources having identical Doppler and azimuth. This work incorporates elevation adaptivity through an interferometric approach, greatly improving clutter suppression while providing an often overlooked target height discrimination capability. A mathematical construct encapsulating the multistage processing framework is developed for the proposed technique. This framework allows extension of the traditional factored time-space (FTS) technique into the azimuth-Doppier-elevation hypercube and represents a subclass of more generalised hybrid methods. The proposed concept is validated through results based on simulated airborne radar data. Target detection improvement of the order of 25 dB, when compared to standard two-dimensional FTS processing, is demonstrated for an 8 x 8 nonuniform rectangular array, Elevation pattern data are provided to illustrate achievable null width/depth capabilities. These data also indicate target height discrimination is inherently provided and further development is warranted. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL SNRT, Rome, NY 13440 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, AFIT ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hale, TB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD APR PY 2002 VL 149 IS 2 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20020077 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 559UV UT WOS:000176044500004 ER PT J AU Faas, P Schroeder, JB Smith, G AF Faas, P Schroeder, JB Smith, G TI Vehicle health management research for legacy and future operational environments SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The Air Force will require the ability to diagnose and predict component failures in order to more effectively meet the requirements of the fast and agile Aerospace Expeditionary Force (AEF) and future space vehicles. This paper will cover topics relevant to Vehicle Health Management for current and anticipated support environments. It reflects current projects underway at the Air Force Research Laboratory in the Air Vehicles and Human Effectiveness Directorates. Specifically, the Predictive Failures and Advanced Diagnostics (PFAD) for Legacy Aircraft, Passive Aircraft Status System, (PASS), and the Space Operations Vehicle Integrated System (SOVIS) projects will be discussed. C1 WPAFB, AFRL HESR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AFRL, VACC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Faas, P (reprint author), WPAFB, AFRL HESR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1109/62.995183 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 540GZ UT WOS:000174922300003 ER PT J AU Skormin, VA Gorodetski, VI Popyack, LJ AF Skormin, VA Gorodetski, VI Popyack, LJ TI Data mining technology for failure prognostic of avionics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Adverse environmental conditions have combined cumulative effects leading to performance degradation and failures of avionics. Classical reliability addresses statistically-generic devices and is less suitable for the situations when failures are not traced to manufacturing but rather to unique operational conditions of particular hardware units. An approach aimed at the accurate assessment of the probability of failure of any avionics unit utilizing the known history-of-abuse from environmental and operational factors is presented herein. The suggested prognostic model utilizes information downloaded from dedicated monitoring systems of flight-critical hardware and stored in a database. Such a database can be established from the laboratory testing of hardware and supplemented with real operational data. This approach results in a novel knowledge discovery from data (KDD) technology that can be efficiently used in a wide area of applications and provide a quantitative basis for the modem maintenance concept known as service-when-needed. An illustrative numerical example is provided. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Inst Informat & Automat, St Petersburg, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect Engn, POB 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM vskormin@binghamton.edu NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 388 EP 403 DI 10.1109/TAES.2002.1008974 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 560BU UT WOS:000176062300004 ER PT J AU Peterkin, RE AF Peterkin, RE TI MHD modeling of plasma compression to high pressure with capacitive-driven solid shell implosions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian; MACH2; MHD simulation; megabar pressure; solid liner implosion ID LINER; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT AB Isotropic high-pressure plasma could be used to compress targets for equation of state studies, for generating fusion reactions, for accelerating projectiles to high speed and for other high-energy density endeavors. One way to generate such high-pressure plasma is to compress a modest pressure gas via implosion of a solid shell by a pulsed electrical discharge. The pressure of an ideal gas characterized by a constant ratio of specific heats Gamma that is undergoing adiabatic compression scales as rho(Gamma) where rho is the mass density. Whereas Gamma may not be constant for realistic compressing plasmas, it is certainly always greater than unity. Since the ratio of final to initial mass density can be greater for spherical compression than for cylindrical compression, spherical compression offers an opportunity to achieve substantial pressure increase. Quasi-spherical compression of a solid shell has been achieved in the laboratory and, in this paper, we discuss in detail numerical simulations that were used to guide and interpret such experiments. The numerical simulations are performed with MACH2; an unsteady resistive-MHD code for materials that may exist in any of the solid, liquid, gas and plasma states. These simulations illustrate how Mbar pressures can be achieved in the laboratory using presently available pulsed power technology. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87111 USA. RP Peterkin, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87111 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 468 EP 475 AR PII S0093-3813(02)05333-X DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1024278 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 585QT UT WOS:000177536600003 ER PT J AU Ruden, EL AF Ruden, EL TI Rayleigh-Taylor instability with a sheared flow boundary layer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamic instability; Kevin-Helmholtz; Rayleigh-Taylor; sheared flow; Z pinch AB S. Chandrasekhar, in his book, Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability (New York: Dover, 1961), derives the stability criteria for a semi-infinite uniform density incompressible inviscid fluid with uniform horizontal velocity supported in a gravitational field by one of higher density and opposite velocity. A transitional layer of inviscid fluid with a density equal to the average of the upper and lower fluids, and a horizontal velocity that varies linearly with depth from that of the upper fluid at the top to that of the lower fluid at the bottom is assumed. This analysis of the Kevin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability may be transformed into a model of the effect of such a velocity sheared boundary layer on the Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability of modes with wave numbers in the direction of the sheared velocity by reversing the sign of the top-bottom density differential. Orthogonal modes are unaffected by the shear in the linear limit and are, therefore, R-T unstable unless an independent mechanism for their stabilization is present, such as a magnetic field orthogonal to the sheared velocity. The combined R-T/K-H stability analysis is, therefore, expected to be most applicable for magnetically accelerated media such as a Z pinch with an axial velocity sheared outer layer orthogonal to the outer azimuthal magnetic field which drives the implosion. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 611 EP 615 AR PII S0093-3813(02)05324-9 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1024296 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 585QT UT WOS:000177536600021 ER PT J AU Haas, JM Gallimore, AD AF Haas, JM Gallimore, AD TI Considerations on the role of the Hall current in a laboratory-model thruster SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE emissive probe; Hall thruster; Langmuir probe; plasma engines; plasma properties ID PROBE AB Hall current magnitude and spatial distribution are presented for the plasma discharge in the University of Michigan/Air, Force Research Laboratory P5 5 kW laboratory-model Hall thruster. The data are calculated from direct, probe-based measurements of the electric field, static magnetic field, and charged particle number density. Thruster discharge voltage was fixed at 300 V and two current levels investigated: 5.4 A (1.6 kW) and 10 A (3 kW). The results indicate that, for both cases, the bulk of the Hall current is confined to a region centered several millimeters upstream of the exit plane and is asymmetric about the centerline of the discharge channel. At 1.6 kW, the axial plasma potential drop occurs over a much shorter distance, resulting in a more sharply peaked Hall current zone, as compared to the 3-kW case. Comparison of the Hall current and ion number density distribution suggests that the azimuthal electron drift may contribute significantly to the ionization process in the discharge channel. Integration of the Hall current over the entire discharge volume yields total current values that are a factor of 3.5-4.6 times larger than the discharge current. Estimates of the self-magnetic field induced by the drifting electrons indicate no significant modification. to the applied magnetic field during thruster operation, at the power levels considered. Using the Hall current density distribution derived from probe measurements, the electromagnetic body force on the ions was calculated and compared to measured engine thrust for both power levels. C1 Univ Michigan, Coll Engn, Plasmadynam & Elect Prop Lab, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Haas, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 687 EP 697 AR PII S0093-3813(02)04657-X DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1024271 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 585QU UT WOS:000177536700009 ER PT J AU Kwiat, K AF Kwiat, K TI Using markets to engineer resource management for the information grid SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FRONTIERS LA English DT Article DE resource management; distributed information systems; market-based control; survivability AB Information systems are continually expanding as evidenced by the doubling of Internet connections every year. Similar growth is exhibited by information systems in defense. The Air Force's goals to achieve global awareness, dynamic planning/execution, and global information exchange involve the technologies to provide information to the warrior anywhere, anytime, and for any mission. This far-reaching enterprise will necessarily span multiple networks and computing domains of both the commercial and military varieties. As a result, many users with different goals and priorities vie for the communication and computing resources of the information grid. Managing this vast system to assure dependable operation that maintains users' quality of service levels has led researchers to propose economic models to solve the resource management problem. Information technology has begun to fundamentally alter the way business is conducted, and there is synergy between e-commerce and the management of the underlying information resources on which it runs. This paper examines the envisioned market-based, large-scale information systems for defense. Due to their criticality, these systems must also manage resources to provide survivability in the presence of information attacks. This potential for technology transfer from the defense sector to the commercial sector are described. Conversely, the leveraging of research performed in the non-military realm of e-commerce to reach the Air Force's goals will also be explored. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRLIFGA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Kwiat, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRLIFGA, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3326 J9 INFORM SYST FRONT JI Inf. Syst. Front. PD APR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1023/A:1015386522883 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 548ZQ UT WOS:000175420400005 ER PT J AU Hagge, MS Wong, RDM Lindemuth, JS AF Hagge, MS Wong, RDM Lindemuth, JS TI Effect of three root canal sealers on the retentive strength of endodontic posts luted with a resin cement SO INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adhesion; cements; interfaces; posts; retention ID BOND STRENGTH; DENTIN; COMPOSITE; EUGENOL; SYSTEMS AB Aim This investigation examined what effect three different sealers had on retention of endodontic posts (Parapost) luted with a resin cement (Panavia 21 OP). Methodology Sixty-four single-rooted teeth were decoronated, filed, cleaned, and shaped with a size 5 Gates-Glidden drill and 0.12 taper G.T. rotary instrumentation (Dentsply/Tulsa Dental). Teeth were then divided into four groups of 16 each. Group 1 was not obturated, and served as a control. The other three groups were obturated with gutta-percha using a different sealer for each group. Group 2 used a eugenol containing sealer (Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer), group 3 a resin sealer (AH-26), and group 4 a calcium hydroxide sealer (Sealapex). After 1 week's storage at 100% humidity, 10-mm deep post spaces were prepared with a size 6 Gates-Glidden drill, and size 5 Paraposts were cemented. Following 48 h of storage, samples were mounted in a PVC pipe with acrylic, and the posts were removed vertically using a universal testing machine at 1 mm min(-) , with data recorded in kilograms. Results The mean values of force required to remove the posts were: group 1 = 61.80, SD = 16.21; group 2 = 43.14, SD = 14.66; group 3 = 48.54, SD = 17.84; group 4 = 53.52, SD = 18.77. Using anova and Bonferroni tests, group 1 demonstrated significantly greater mean retention strength values than group 2, but no other significant differences existed between groups. Conclusion The chemical formulation of root canal sealers did not significantly affect the retention of endodontic posts luted with resin cement. C1 Univ Pacific, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. Univ Pacific, Dept Endodont, San Francisco, CA USA. Travis AFB, Dept Gen Dent Resident Training, Fairfield, CA USA. RP Hagge, MS (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, 2155 Webster St,Suite 522B, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-2885 J9 INT ENDOD J JI Int. Endod. J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 35 IS 4 BP 372 EP 378 DI 10.1046/j.0143-2885.2001.00493.x PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 542PZ UT WOS:000175054600009 PM 12059939 ER PT J AU Paduano, QS Weyburne, DW Bouthillette, LO Wang, SQ Alexander, MN AF Paduano, QS Weyburne, DW Bouthillette, LO Wang, SQ Alexander, MN TI The energy band gap of AlxGa1-xN SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE AlxGa1-xN; sapphire substrate; residual strain correction; energy band gap; bowing parameter ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURE; BOWING PARAMETER; ALLOYS; DEPENDENCE AB Combining experimental measurements with an analysis of sample strain, we have determined the "unstrained" energy band gap, E-g of AlxGa1-xN for 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1. Care was taken to grow films with narrow (00.2) and (10.2) X-ray diffraction rocking curve widths, to insure low residual strain in the samples. This is significant because, even for our high quality AlxGa1-xN thin films, residual strain shifts the fitted band gap bowing parameter significantly. For AlxGa1-xN random alloys on GaN films deposited on sapphire. the strain-corrected band gap dependence on alloy composition is fit well by a bowing, parameter of b = 0.70 +/- 0.05. In contrast. AlxGa1-xN films deposited directly on sapphire had much higher X-ray line-widths and their E-g's are not fit well by one value of the bowing parameter. This suggests that material quality may he a significant reason for the large range of bowing parameters reported in the literature. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Paduano, QS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD APR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 4A BP 1936 EP 1940 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.19361 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 553XV UT WOS:000175703100007 ER PT J AU Bannister, SR Lohmann, CH Liu, Y Sylvia, VL Cochran, DL Dean, DD Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z AF Bannister, SR Lohmann, CH Liu, Y Sylvia, VL Cochran, DL Dean, DD Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z TI Shear force modulates osteoblast response to surface roughness SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE osteoblasts; shear force; titanium; surface roughness; osteocalcin; alkaline phosphatase; PGE(2); TGF-beta 1 ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; ACID-ETCHED SURFACE; FLUID-FLOW; BONE-CELLS; IN-VITRO; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; TITANIUM IMPLANTS; MG63; OSTEOCYTES; MG-63 AB Previous studies have shown that osteoblasts are sensitive to surface roughness. When cultured on Ti, MG63 osteoblast-like cells exhibit decreased proliferation and increased differentiation with increasing surface roughness. In vivo, osteoblasts also are subjected to shear force during osseointegration. To examine how shear force modulates osteoblast response to surface roughness, MG63 cells were cultured on glass disks or Ti disks with three different R, values and topographies (PT: R(a) = 0.60 mum; SLA: R(a) = 3.97 mum; TPS: R(a) = 5.21 mum) in a continuous flow device, resulting in shear forces of 0, 1, 5, 14, and 30 dynes/cm(2). Confluent cultures were exposed to fluid flow for 1 h. After an additional 23 h, cell number, alkaline-phosphatase-specific activity, and levels of osteocalcin, TGF-beta1, and PGE(2) in the conditioned media were determined. Cell numbers on smooth surfaces (glass and PT) were unaffected by shear force. In contrast, shear force caused a dose-dependent reversal of the decrease in cell numbers seen on rough SLA and TPS surfaces. Alkaline-phosphatase-specific activity was unaffected on glass or PT, but shear force caused a biphasic reduction in the roughness-dependent increase on SLA and TPS that was maximal at 14 dynes/cm(2). There was a similar effect seen with TGF-beta1 levels. Osteocalcin was unaffected on smooth surfaces; shear force caused a dose-dependent reduction in the roughness-stimulated increase seen on SLA and TPS. PGE(2) production was increased by shear force on all surfaces. There was a twofold increase in PGE(2) levels in the media of MG63 cells cultured on glass and PT in response to 14 dynes/cm(2), but on SLA and TPS, 14 dynes/cm(2) shear force caused a 9-10-fold increase. These results show that osteoblastic response to shear force is modulated by surface topography. The shear-force-mediated decrease in osteoblast differentiation seen in cultures on rough surfaces may be due to increased production of PGE(2). (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Hamburg, Dept Orthopaed, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Fac Dent Med, Dept Periodont, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Boyan, BD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM BoyanB@uthscsa.edu OI Dean, David/0000-0002-4512-9065 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-08603] NR 42 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1002/jbm.10037 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 518VC UT WOS:000173687700020 PM 11835172 ER PT J AU Naess, E Molvik, T Ludwig, D Barrett, S Legowski, S Wright, C de Graaf, P AF Naess, E Molvik, T Ludwig, D Barrett, S Legowski, S Wright, C de Graaf, P TI Computer-assisted laser photocoagulation of the retina - hybrid tracking approach SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium CY APR, 2001 CL COOPER MT, COLORADO DE lesion reflectometry; confocal reflectance; retinal tracking; laser photocoagulation ID DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; REFLECTANCE; COAGULATION AB A system for robotically assisted retinal surgery has been developed to rapidly and safely place lesions on the retina for photocoagulation therapy. This system provides real-time, motion stabilized lesion placement for typical irradiation times of 100 ms. The system consists of three main subsystems: a digital-based global tracking subsystem; a fast, analog local tracking subsystem; and a confocal reflectance subsystem to control lesion parameters dynamically. We have reported previously on these individual subsystems. This paper concentrates on the development of a second hybrid system prototype. Considerable progress has been made toward reducing the footprint of the optical system, simplifying the user interface, fully characterizing the analog tracking system, using measurable lesion reflectance parameters to develop a noninvasive method to infer lesion depth, and integrating the subsystems into a seamless hybrid system. These system improvements and progress toward a clinically significant System are covered in detail within this paper. The tracking algorithms and concepts developed for this project have considerable potential for application in many other areas of biomedical engineering. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Barrett, S (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, PO 3295, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD APR PY 2002 VL 7 IS 2 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1117/1.1461831 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 550AJ UT WOS:000175480500002 PM 11966302 ER PT J AU Ndap, JO Chattopadhyay, K Adetunji, OO Zelmon, DE Burger, A AF Ndap, JO Chattopadhyay, K Adetunji, OO Zelmon, DE Burger, A TI Thermal diffusion of Cr2+ in bulk ZnSe SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE diffusion; doping; impurities; inorganic compounds; zinc compounds; semiconducting II-VI materials; solid state lasers ID ZINC CHALCOGENIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINESCENCE; TRANSITION; IMPURITIES; CENTERS; LASER AB Cr2+:ZnSe is now known as a room-temperature widely tunable solid-state mid-infrared laser material. Optimization of laser performance requires first and foremost optimization of the Cr2+-doping level in the crystals. A simple theoretical model has been developed for evaluation of the thermal diffusivity of Cr2+ ions in bulk ZnSe single crystals and polycrystalline window materials, from optical absorption measurements in the 1200-2800 nm spectral region. Sputtered metallic chromium and powders have been used as dopant sources. Diffusion appears to be faster in polycrystalline materials than in single crystals for annealing temperatures below 910degreesC. The activation energy, which is lower in polycrystals, depends on the nature of the dopant source. For mid-IR laser application, the model predicts for example, non-negligible optical losses due to passive self-absorption in the 2000-3000 nm spectral region for chromium-doped polycrystalline materials after annealing at temperatures above 900degreesC for 1.75 days. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fisk Univ, Ctr Photon Mat & Devices, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burger, A (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Ctr Photon Mat & Devices, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 2002 VL 240 IS 1-2 BP 176 EP 184 AR PII S0022-0248(02)00872-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)00872-2 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 551JU UT WOS:000175558100024 ER PT J AU Cairo, RR Sargent, KA AF Cairo, RR Sargent, KA TI Twin web disk: A step beyond convention SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN AB This paper will discuss a study of an innovative design for an advanced turbine rotor that could have a great impact on future engines. The design challenge is to provide a minimum weight turbine rotor system that can withstand beyond state-of-the-art levels of AN(2) (turbine annulus area multiplied by speed squared). An AN(2) limit has been reached for high-pressure turbine (HPT) disk's configured in conventional (single web) geometry with state-of-the-art nickel alloys. The problem has reached the point where increased AN(2) has been declared a "break-through" technology. The twin-web disk has the potential to provide this break through. This paper will present the history of this turbine rotor design, analytical results, material/component processing, and concept validation results. All Work was performed tinder an Air Force sponsored program entitled "Composite Ring Reinforced Turbine" (CRRT). C1 Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Cairo, RR (reprint author), GE Co, GE Power Syst, 300 Garlington Rd,GTTS M-S 174D, Greenville, SC 29602 USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2002 VL 124 IS 2 BP 298 EP 302 DI 10.1115/1.1445440 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 547MM UT WOS:000175336200010 ER PT J AU Namjoshi, SA Jain, VK Mall, S AF Namjoshi, SA Jain, VK Mall, S TI Effects of shot-peening on fretting-fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID CRACK INITIATION; CONTACT AB The effects of shot-peening on the fretting fatigue behavior of titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V v ere investigated. Specimens were shot-peened as per AMS 2432 standard. X-ray diffraction analysis measured a maximum compressive stress of 800 MPa at the spect. men surface, which reduced to zero at a depth of 188 mum. The compensatory residual tensile stress in the specimen was estimated using a curve fitting technique, the maximum value of which was found to be 260 MPa at a depth of 255 mum. Fretting fatigue tests were conducted at room temperature at a cyclic frequency of 200 Hz. Scanning electron microscopy of the shot-peened fretting fatigue specimens showed that the crack initiated at a point below the contact surface, the depth of which was in the range of 200-300 mum. Finite element analysis of the fretting fatigue specimens was also conducted. Fatigue life diagrams were established for the fretting fatigue specimens with and without shot-peening, and were compared to those under the plain fatigue condition, i.e. without fretting. Shot-peening improved the fretting fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V; furthermore, it moved the crack initiation site from the fretting contact region to a region inside the specimen. Moreover, stress analysis showed that the fatigue failure of shot-peened specimens was caused by the compensatory tensile residual stress. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2002 VL 124 IS 2 BP 222 EP 228 DI 10.1115/1.1448323 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 547KG UT WOS:000175331100018 ER PT J AU Lai, ST AF Lai, ST TI On supercharging: Electrostatic aspects SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supercharging; Maimak; spacecraft charging; electron beam; virtual electrode; space charge ID SPACE; SURFACES; MAIMIK; FIELD AB [1] Charged-beam emissions control the spacecraft potential if the beam current is higher than the ambient plasma currents. There are important questions as to the upper limit of the beam current that can be emitted into the ambient plasma and the upper limit of the spacecraft potential that can be induced. The usually accepted view is that the beam current emitted reaches its upper limit when the spacecraft potential energy reaches the beam energy. In this view any attempt to emit a current beyond the critical value would result in partial beam return, while both the effective beam current emitted and the spacecraft potential would remain unaffected. Surprisingly, results from three recent beam experiments in space show that the spacecraft potential energy can exceed the beam energy when very high beam currents are emitted. This phenomenon is called supercharging. The experimental results show that the expected limits on the beam current emitted and the spacecraft potential achieved appear to be incorrect. We offer two physical explanations. In the first one the beam energy is higher than expected. For example, the extra energy can be due to the beam space charge or the nonmonoenergetic beam energy distribution. For an unneutralized beam the beam space charge near the beam exit point can be significant. The potential energy of the beam space charge is converted into kinetic energy as the beam diverges. The total beam particle kinetic energy becomes more than its initial value. Scattering of beam particles with each other can spread the beam energy to lower and higher values. The beam particles with higher energies than the spacecraft potential escape. The second explanation concerns a common measurement technique using long booms for measuring spacecraft potential. The measurement represents the potential difference between the tip of a boom and that of a spacecraft. The tip of a long boom is commonly assumed to be at the ambient plasma potential. We stress that the boom can be charged, however, especially during high beam current emissions. As a result of boom charging, the measurement exceeds the true potential difference between the spacecraft and the ambient plasma. Both explanations concern possible misinterpretations of the measurements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Mail Stop VSBXT,29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR PY 2002 VL 107 IS A4 AR 1042 DI 10.1029/2000JA000333 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 609MH UT WOS:000178908800006 ER PT J AU Tzou, DY Beraun, JE Chen, JK AF Tzou, DY Beraun, JE Chen, JK TI Ultrafast deformation in femtosecond laser heating SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE conduction; heat transfer; microscale; non-equilibrium; transient ID MULTILAYER METALS; THERMOELASTICITY; WAVES AB The hot-electron blasting model is extended in this work to describe the ultrafast deformation in thin metal films during the sub-picosecond to picosecond domain. The driving force exerting on the cold metal lattices is induced by the highly heated electrons, dictated by both the temperature and temperature gradient established in the hot electron during the picosecond transient. Since the metal lattices remain almost thermally undisturbed in this highly non-equilibrium regime, the resulting ultrafast deformation patterns cannot be described by the classical dynamical theory of thermoelasticity. The phonon-electron interaction model is used to describe the electron temperature and hence the driving force. The dominating parameters characterizing the nonlinearly coupled ultrafast heating and deformation are identified. Method of lines is used to solve the coupled field equations describing ultrafast deformation in the picosecond domain. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Laser Effect Res Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tzou, DY (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2002 VL 124 IS 2 BP 284 EP 292 DI 10.1115/1.1447934 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 557PP UT WOS:000175917200007 ER PT J AU Winton, HR AF Winton, HR TI An uncertain trumpet: The evolution of US Army Infantry doctrine, 1919-1941 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. RP Winton, HR (reprint author), USAF, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 598 EP 599 DI 10.2307/3093121 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 536BW UT WOS:000174681700063 ER PT J AU Jenkins, SR Pocock, JB Zuraski, PD Meade, RB Mitchell, ZW Farrington, JJ AF Jenkins, SR Pocock, JB Zuraski, PD Meade, RB Mitchell, ZW Farrington, JJ TI Capstone course in an integrated e-engineering curriculum SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE engineering education; air force; curricula; construction management AB The Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the United States Air Force Academy has developed a capstone senior level integration experience that blends technical aspects of an engineering design with construction and realistic issues of modem society. Technical designs accomplished by the students, prior to taking the capstone course, form the technical basis of the capstone design experience. The students review the technical design and prepare the project for construction through incorporating engineering standards and considering realistic issues. Issues considered include economy, constructability, and environmental aspects, as well as ethical, health and safety constraints. The students prepare a final design report and make an oral presentation to an interdisciplinary panel of engineering faculty. This capstone course is the culmination of a total integration experience, which includes a hands-on field engineering course, and two years of a rigorous engineering design curriculum. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Design Studios W Inc, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Jenkins, SR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD APR PY 2002 VL 128 IS 2 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2002)128:2(75) PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 535GZ UT WOS:000174638000006 ER PT J AU Yepez, J AF Yepez, J TI Quantum lattice-gas model for the Burgers equation SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual International Conference on Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dynamics CY AUG 21-24, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO SP Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Sandia Natl Labs DE quantum lattice gas; type-II quantum computer; Burgers equation ID PERSISTENT-CURRENT QUBIT; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; HYDRODYNAMICS; COMPUTATION; MECHANICS; WAVES AB A quantum algorithm is presented for modeling the time evolution of a continuous field governed by the nonlinear Burgers equation in one spatial dimension. It is a microscopic-scale algorithm for a type-II quantum computer, a large lattice of small quantum computers interconnected in nearest neighbor fashion by classical communication channels. A formula for quantum state preparation is presented. The unitary evolution is governed by a conservative quantum gate applied to each node of the lattice independently. Following each quantum gate operation, ensemble measurements over independent microscopic realizations are made resulting in a Finite-difference Boltzmann equation at the mesoscopic scale. The measured values are then used to re-prepare the quantum state and one time step is completed. The procedure of state preparation, quantum gate application, and ensemble measurement is continued ad infinitum. The Burgers equation is derived as an effective field theory governing the behavior of the quantum computer at its macroscopic scale where both the lattice cell size and the time step interval become infinitesimal. A numerical simulation of shock formation is carried out and agrees with the exact analytical solution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD APR PY 2002 VL 107 IS 1-2 BP 203 EP 224 DI 10.1023/A:1014514805610 PG 22 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 542NW UT WOS:000175051500014 ER PT J AU Leland, JE Ponnappan, R Klasing, KS AF Leland, JE Ponnappan, R Klasing, KS TI Experimental investigation of an air microjet array impingement cooling device SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 11-14, 1999 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID HEAT; JETS AB A microjet impingement cooling device for high power electronics was constructed from silicon wafers using microelectromechnical systems fabrication techniques. The array of 221, 0.277-mm-diam jets was tested using air as the coolant for jet diameter Reynolds numbers from 4.65 x 10(2) to 1.405 x 10(3). Heat transfer and pressure drop data were obtained for a range of mass rates extending up to the point of choked How and also for variable heat fluxes. The results were compared to an existing Nusselt correlation for jet impingement arrays that was found to significantly under-predict the heat transfer. A new correlation is provided that also accounts for variable air properties. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Power Div, Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Technol Partnerships, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.2514/2.6683 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 543NF UT WOS:000175107500004 ER PT J AU Gastineau, ZD AF Gastineau, ZD TI Turbine engine performance improvements - A proactive approach SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Congress and Exhibition on Gas Turbines and Aeroengines CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA ID AXIAL-FLOW COMPRESSORS; ROTATING STALL; SURGE AB Turbine engine concepts for the future are placing ever increasing demands on the design engineer. Thesefuture systems are seeking to increase performance while at the same time reduce costs. However traditional engine design methods use large margins in the design process of a specific component in order to guarantee proper operation throughout the flight envelope over the life of the engine. These margins in fact reduce engine performance and increase the costs. In this paper, active control will be presented as one potential means of achieving the requirements for future turbine engines. In addition, specific active control applications will be discussed. C1 USAF, AFRL PRTA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gastineau, ZD (reprint author), USAF, AFRL PRTA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2002 VL 124 IS 2 BP 223 EP 226 DI 10.1115/1.1452246 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 547PQ UT WOS:000175341300010 ER PT J AU Schulte, MD Natarajan, LV Clarson, SJ Bunning, TJ AF Schulte, MD Natarajan, LV Clarson, SJ Bunning, TJ TI Development of non-reactive fluorine-rich biphenyl molecules and their incorporation into a PDLC system SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; POLYMERIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; MONOMERS AB Novel highly fluorinated molecules containing biphenyl moieties were synthesized via N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide esterification reactions. Chemical structures were confirmed by FTIR, NMR and elemental analysis. These non-reactive fluorinated molecules were added in increasing concentrations to a pentaacrylate-based polymer dispersed liquid crystal formulation and thin films were made by homogeneous illumination with a white light source. Refractive index and dynamic scattering measurements, in addition to direct polymerization attempts, indicate that the fluorinated compounds are non-reactive in the photopolymerization process. Electro-optic measurements suggest that the fluorinated molecules preferentially occupy the interface between the crosslinked polymer matrix and the liquid crystal domains. As a consequence, threshold voltages are lowered and relaxation times increased. C1 USAF, Mat Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD APR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 537 EP 542 DI 10.1080/02678290110114350 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 531HT UT WOS:000174410500007 ER PT J AU Wang, CR Yang, JM Hoffman, W AF Wang, CR Yang, JM Hoffman, W TI Thermal stability of refractory carbide/boride composites SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE A-B-O ternary systems; HfC-TaC; ZrB2-SiC ID CHEMICAL-POTENTIAL DIAGRAMS; TEMPERATURE-RANGE 1400-DEGREES; HAFNIUM CARBIDE; OXIDATION; SYSTEMS; INTERFACE; DIBORIDE; CARBON AB The thermal stability of refractory carbide/boride composites in oxidizing environment was analyzed. The multi-component thermodynamic stability diagrams for the complex (Hf, Ta, Zr, Si)-C(B)-O composite systems were generated using the proposed linear inequality method. In this method, the stability area of compound is the solution of a set of linear inequalities which is directly obtained from the free energy changes of general chemical reactions. The generated thermodynamic stability diagrams were used to analyze the formation of multilayer oxide scale in HfC-TaC and ZrB2-SiC composites, and correlated with experimental results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edward AFB, Los Angeles, CA 93524 USA. RP Wang, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 29 TC 79 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 3 BP 272 EP 281 AR PII S0254-0584(01)00486-2 DI 10.1016/S0254-0584(01)00486-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 532JW UT WOS:000174472200006 ER PT J AU Robbins, AS Moilanen, DA Fonseca, VP Chao, SY AF Robbins, AS Moilanen, DA Fonseca, VP Chao, SY TI Recent trends in workload, input costs, and expenditures in the Air Force Medical Service Direct Care System SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A study was conducted to examine the relationship between two types of trends in the Air Force Medical Service Direct Care System (AFMS/DCS): trends in expenditures, total and by categories; and trends in medical workload, defined as the sum of inpatient admissions and outpatient clinic visits. Expenditure and medical workload data were extracted from the Medical Expense and Performance Reporting System Executive Query System. Medical inflation data were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Producer Price Index series. Between fiscal years 1995 and 1999, the AFMS/DCS experienced a 21.2% decrease in medical workload, but total (nominal) expenditures declined only 3.6%. Of all expenditure categories, only inpatient medical care, outpatient medical care, and military-funded private sector care for active duty personnel (supplemental care) have any direct relationship with AFMS/DCS medical workload. Real expenditures for the three categories above decreased by 20.3% during the 5-year period. Accounting for inflation and considering only expenditures related to medical workload, these results suggest that the AFMS/DCS is spending approximately 20% less money to do approximately 20% less work. C1 USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Populat Hlth Support Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Off AF Surg Gen, Financial Management Div, Washington, DC 20332 USA. RP Robbins, AS (reprint author), USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Populat Hlth Support Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 304 EP 307 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DT UT WOS:000181420500008 PM 11977881 ER PT J AU Hunter, CL Hunter, CM West, ET Kinder, MH Carroll, DW AF Hunter, CL Hunter, CM West, ET Kinder, MH Carroll, DW TI Recognition of depressive disorders by primary care providers in a military medical setting SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Behavioral-Medicine CY APR 05-08, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Soc Behav Med ID MENTAL-HEALTH-SERVICES; PHYSICIANS; OUTCOMES; SYMPTOMS; COSTS AB This study examined the accuracy of military primary care providers in detecting depressive disorders in their patients. For a 5-day period, each patient who entered the primary care clinic completed the depression section of the Patient Health questionnaire (PHQ). Appointment notes were examined for depressive disorder diagnoses and then compared with PHQ responses. Of 337 respondents, 19 (5.6%) were identified by the PHQ as meeting the criteria for major depression; 4 (21%) of these 19 were identified by their provider as having a major depressive disorder. Eighteen (5.3%) were identified as having minor depression by the PHQ; none of these individuals were identified by their provider as having minor depression. These results suggest that military primary care providers, like their civilian counterparts, are not diagnosing depressive disorders as frequently as they present. Given the financial, medical, and personal consequences of not recognizing and treating depressive disorders, suggestions for increasing appropriate depression diagnoses are discussed. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Hlth Psychol Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RAF Upwood Clin, Med Operat Serv, APO, AE 09470 USA. RAF Upwood Clin, Nursing Serv, APO, AE 09470 USA. St Francis Med Ctr, Neuropsychol Serv, Cape Girardeau, MO 63703 USA. St Francis Med Ctr, Behav Med Serv, Cape Girardeau, MO 63703 USA. Keesler Med Ctr, Life Skills Support Ctr, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Hunter, CL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Hlth Psychol Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 308 EP 311 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DT UT WOS:000181420500009 PM 11977882 ER PT J AU Rossi, GB Beaucage, G Dang, TD Vaia, RA AF Rossi, GB Beaucage, G Dang, TD Vaia, RA TI Bottom-up synthesis of polymer nanocomposites and molecular composites: Ionic exchange with PMMA latex SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLAY HYBRID COMPOSITE; RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; EMULSION POLYMERIZATION; LAYERED SILICATE AB Ionic exchange between electrostatically stabilized PMMA latex and aqueous dispersion of nanoparticles or rigid-rod polyelectrolytes of opposite sense is demonstrated to be a flexible approach to fabrication of polymeric-based nano and molecular composites, including layered silicates, indium tin oxide nanoparticles, rigid-rod polyelectrolyte, and carbon nanofibers. The exchange reaction produces a nanoscale coating on the polymer latex surface, providing efficient dispersion of the nanoparticle, interfacial control between the constituents, as well as the potential for hierarchical morphology control. The resulting nano and molecular scale dispersions are thermodynamically stable when an emulsifier that participates with the free-radical polymerization of the MMA is used. The result is direct ionic coupling between the polymer and the nanoparticle, but at a sufficiently low level to maintain solution and melt processibility. Molecular composites of sPBI and PMMA are discussed in detail, and demonstrate increases in heat distortion temperature (17 degreesC) and rubbery modulus (210%) with less than 1% incorporation of the rigid-rod polymer electrolyte. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1021/nl025501s PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 542KF UT WOS:000175041800013 ER PT J AU Singh, SN Myatt, JH Addington, GA Banda, SS Hall, JK AF Singh, SN Myatt, JH Addington, GA Banda, SS Hall, JK TI Adaptive feedback linearizing control of proper orthogonal decomposition nonlinear flow models SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE flow control; adaptive feedback linearization; unsteady wake flow; proper orthogonal decomposition ID LOW-ORDER MODELS; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB This paper treats the question of feedback linearizing control of two-dimensional incompressible, unsteady wake flow. For definiteness, flow past a circular cylinder is considered, but the design approach presented here is applicable to other flow control problems. Two finite-dimensional lower-order models based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) of dimension N with N actuators are considered. Models I and II are obtained using control function and penalty function methods, respectively. Control action can be achieved by a combination of suction, injection, and synthetic jets. For the design of controllers, it is assumed that the system matrices of the POD models are unknown. Nonlinear adaptive control systems for the two models are derived. For model I, nontrivial zero-error dynamics exists, which play a key role in the stability of the closed-loop system. But for model II, global adaptive trajectory control is achieved. In the closed-loop system, the mode amplitudes asymptotically follow the reference trajectories. Simulation results for a 4-mode POD model obtained using the penalty function method are presented. These results show that in the closed-loop system, unsteadiness in the mode amplitudes can be suppressed in spite of large uncertainties in the flow model. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, SN (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-090X J9 NONLINEAR DYNAM JI Nonlinear Dyn. PD APR PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1023/A:1014936903942 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 537MM UT WOS:000174762100005 ER PT J AU Takacs, CA Krivak, TC Napolitano, PG AF Takacs, CA Krivak, TC Napolitano, PG TI Insulinoma in pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Armed Forces District of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 17-21, 1998 CL KISSIMMEE, FLORIDA SP Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists ID COMPLICATING PREGNANCY; DIAGNOSIS AB Insulinomas are rare tumors with an incidence of approximately four cases per million person-years. Nineteen cases of insulinoma during pregnancy have been reported. Hypoglycemic symptoms usually appear during the first trimester. A 28-year-old primigravida was admitted at 6 weeks of gestation after referral for uncontrolled seizures. Her previous seizure work-up included a normal EEG and a normal magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Elevated fasting insulin and C-peptide levels accompanied severe hypoglycemia. The patient was managed with glucose monitoring, frequent small meals, and rare doses of glucagon. Postpartum testing was consistent with insulinoma, and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a mass in the tail of the pancreas. During surgical exploration with intraoperative ultrasound, two insulinomas were removed from the tail of the pancreas. The hypoglycemic episodes resolved and the fasting glucose levels normalized. Insulinomas are rare in pregnancy and can be difficult to diagnose. Symptoms may resolve during the second and third trimesters, possibly due to changes in glucose metabolism associated with pregnancy. Misdiagnosis has been fatal. Careful management during pregnancy and aggressive treatment after delivery are essential. C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Takacs, CA (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1050 W Perimeter Rd, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD APR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 4 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1097/00006254-200204000-00022 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 544RY UT WOS:000175175400002 PM 11961480 ER PT J AU McCumin, D Kerecman, J Yoder, B Coalson, J Grubb, P Shaul, PW AF McCumin, D Kerecman, J Yoder, B Coalson, J Grubb, P Shaul, PW TI Effect of prenatal steroids on cardiac and pulmonary function in premature baboons SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 2068 BP 356A EP 356A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714602066 ER PT J AU Geralde, NB Martinez-Gomez, R Ling, J Winter, D Wilson, BJ AF Geralde, NB Martinez-Gomez, R Ling, J Winter, D Wilson, BJ TI Are pulmonary function test measurements in neonates precise and accurate? SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Hosp, San Antonio, TX USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 2287 BP 393A EP 393A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714602285 ER PT J AU Campbell, WK Foster, CA AF Campbell, WK Foster, CA TI Narcissism and commitment in romantic relationships: An investment model analysis SO PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PERSONALITY-INVENTORY; SELF-ENHANCEMENT; CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS; INVOLVEMENTS; PERCEPTION AB Two studies examined narcissism and commitment in ongoing romantic relationships. In Study 1, narcissism was found to be negatively related to commitment. Mediational analyses further revealed that this was primarily a result of narcissists' perception of alternatives to their current relationship. Study 2 replicated these findings with an additional measure of alternatives. Again, narcissists reported less commitment to their ongoing romantic relationship. This link was mediated by both perception of alternatives and attention to alternative dating partners. The utility of an interdependence approach to understanding the role of personality in romantic relationships is discussed. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Campbell, WK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 41 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 22 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0146-1672 J9 PERS SOC PSYCHOL B JI Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. PD APR PY 2002 VL 28 IS 4 BP 484 EP 495 DI 10.1177/0146167202287006 PG 12 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 532NZ UT WOS:000174483100006 ER PT J AU Amer, M Maguire, JF Biggers, R LeClair, SR AF Amer, M Maguire, JF Biggers, R LeClair, SR TI Effect of grain orientation and local strain on the quality of polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7 superconductive films SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COATED CONDUCTORS; BOUNDARIES; DENSITY AB The critical current densities of superconducting thin films and their dependence on the film structural characteristics has been a major research interest for more than a decade. Controlling this relationship is crucial if large-scale high-quality YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) tapes are to be produced. Two major keystones of information have been established in this field. Firstly, there is a direct relationship between the critical current density and the grain-boundary angle in polycrystalline YBCO films. Grain boundaries with a mismatch angle higher than 5degrees usually result in reduced critical current densities. This detrimental effect of large-angle grain boundaries to the quality of YBCO films has been attributed to strain fields resulting from such grain boundaries. Secondly, the quality of the YBCO film can be enhanced by straining its lattice in specific direction. Here, we report, for the first time, direct experimental results coupling local grain orientation and local strain maps of thin YBCO films deposited on a (001) biaxially textured nickel substrate. These results were correlated to the quality of the film and showed how grain structure in the nickel substrate affects the grain structure in the YBCO films even in the presence of several buffer layers. More importantly, the data show that high-quality films with high critical current densities can be produced, in spite of large-angle grain boundaries, if the film is compressed in the range of 0.5% strain normal to the a axis. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Amer, M (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Amer, Maher/A-1802-2009 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD APR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 4 BP 241 EP 245 DI 10.1080/09500830210122188 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 535EA UT WOS:000174631200010 ER PT J AU Erickson, GM Siscoe, GL Weimer, DR Siebert, KD Heinemann, MA Sonnerup, BUO Maynard, NC White, WW AF Erickson, GM Siscoe, GL Weimer, DR Siebert, KD Heinemann, MA Sonnerup, BUO Maynard, NC White, WW TI Prediction of Alfvenic turbulence near the magnetospheric sash SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Intercomparative Magetosheath Studies CY SEP 04-08, 2000 CL ANTALYA, TURKEY DE magnetosheath turbulence; anisotropy-driven turbulence; magnetospheric sash ID PLASMA DEPLETION LAYER; ANISOTROPY INSTABILITIES; MAGNETOSHEATH; MIRROR; ION; MAGNETOPAUSE; IMF AB Results of global MHD simulations are used to examine the susceptibility of magnetosheath plasma to anisotropy-driven instabilities, specifically the mirror mode, electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC), and firehose instabilities. Advection of magnetosheath plasma is followed along MHD-specified streamlines assuming double-adiabatic equations of state, while the anisotropic pressure is constrained by the instability threshold criteria and the condition that the trace of the gyrotropic pressure tensor be three times the MHD specification for the (isotropic) pressure. Following this procedure, mirror mode and EMIC turbulence is indicated in the dayside magnetosheath and in a layer adjacent to the dayside magnetopause, generally in accord with theoretical and observational expectations. The new result is the prediction of strong firehose or Alfvenic turbulence in the magnetosheath adjacent to the magnetospheric sash. Alfven waves will propagate downwind from the sash. Also, as magnetic field strength increases downwind from the sash, mirror mode and EMIC waves are again indicated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Erickson, GM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD APR-MAY PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5-6 BP 627 EP 632 AR PII S0032-0633(02)00042-9 DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(02)00042-9 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 602ZP UT WOS:000178534600022 ER PT J AU Staal, MA Hughes, TG AF Staal, MA Hughes, TG TI Suicide prediction in the US Air Force: Implications for practice SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; PERSONNEL; MILITARY; BEHAVIOR AB How can psychologists know which of the many variables in an individual's clinical presentation are most salient to that person's suicide risk? Such certainty requires an empirically validated prediction model that is specific to the population served. Data obtained through the U.S. Air Force (USAF) Office of Special Investigations and the USAF Institute for Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Risk Analysis were analyzed using multivariate strategies of prediction based on an empirically validated model of suicide prediction (G. K Brown, A. T. Beck, R. A. Steer, & J. R. Grisham, 2000) and suicide completer versus noncompleter status. The usefulness of the model to the USAF sample are discussed, and several factors unique to a military population a-re highlighted. C1 USAF Acad, DFBL, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, HQ, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Staal, MA (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFBL, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, HQ, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD APR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 190 EP 196 DI 10.1037//0735-7028.33.2.190 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 533BU UT WOS:000174510200010 ER PT J AU Ryan, P AF Ryan, P TI Scintillation correlations in the near-infrared SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC INTENSITY SCINTILLATION; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; STARS AB Stellar scintillation has been measured from 0.9 to 1.7 mum over a wide range of elevation angles. The pupil from a 3.5 m telescope was imaged onto a mask with four circular apertures of scaled diameters 0.1, 0.2, 0.75, and 1.5 m, which were, in turn, reimaged onto InGaAs photodiodes digitally sampled at 10 kHz. The entire 3.5 m pupil was also imaged onto a fifth photodiode. Since all five fluxes were recorded simultaneously, the influence of aperture diameter on scintillation statistics can be readily seen. Atmospheric phase aberrations did not affect the results because the detectors were located at pupil planes. Comparisons of a large number of fluctuation statistics have been made as functions of the aperture diameter, atmospheric parameters, and elevation angle. Experimental results and theoretical expectations reveal widespread agreement. Within experimental error, lognormal statistics are followed. Scintillation in the near-IR has been shown to produce consistent results with previous studies performed at visible wavelengths. C1 USAF, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate,Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ryan, P (reprint author), USAF, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate,Starfire Opt Range, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD APR PY 2002 VL 114 IS 794 BP 462 EP 470 DI 10.1086/342492 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 530XD UT WOS:000174383500006 ER PT J AU Harcke, HT Bifano, JA Koeller, KK AF Harcke, HT Bifano, JA Koeller, KK TI Forensic radiology: Response to the pentagon attack on September 11, 2001 SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE editorials; forensic radiology; specimens, radiography C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. SGSAR, 436th Med Grp, Dover AFB, DE USA. RP Harcke, HT (reprint author), Alfred I duPont Hosp Children, Dept Med Imaging, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD APR PY 2002 VL 223 IS 1 BP 7 EP 8 DI 10.1148/radiol.2231011850 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 534WC UT WOS:000174611900003 PM 11930042 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Training for high-performance collegiate ice hockey SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE strength; power; endurance; periodization C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 7 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1519/00126548-200204000-00012 PG 11 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 539FZ UT WOS:000174861000011 ER PT J AU Wilson, E AF Wilson, E TI Neuromuscular reeducation and strengthening of the lumbar stabilizers SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wilson, E (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 72 EP 74 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 539FZ UT WOS:000174861000017 ER PT J AU Lilly, MC Arregui, ME AF Lilly, MC Arregui, ME TI Ultrasound of the inguinal floor for evaluation of hernias SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE ultrasound; sonography; inguinal; hernia; lipoma; groin ID GROIN PAIN AB Background: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of ultrasound in the diagnosis of inguinal hernias and obscure groin pain. Methods: A series of 65 consecutive groin explorations performed subsequently to percutaneous ultrasound examination were prospectively evaluated. Patients were examined in an office setting. The examination included a history and a physical. Then an ultrasound of the inguinal region was performed. Ultrasound was performed by the staff surgeon and fellows. Patients then were taken to surgery for either a laparoscopic or open hernia repair, The preoperative and operative findings were compared to determine the utility of groin ultrasound. Results: A series of 41 patients presenting with symptoms of groin pain or palpable groin bulge were evaluated with ultrasound of the groin. Of these patients, 24 went on to have bilateral repairs, bringing the study total to 65 groins. Surgery involved 50 laparoscopic and 15 open hernia repairs. This included 20 groins without hernia, as determined by physical examination, and 45 groins with a palpable hernia. Overall, ultrasound was used to identify the type of hernia correctly (direct vs indirect) with 85% success. In the 20 patients who had no palpable bulge, ultrasound identified a protrusion (hernia or lipoma) in 17. Two of these were false positives, and the three negative ultrasound examinations were false negatives. Thus ultrasound identified the pathology in a groin without a palpable bulge at an accuracy of 75%. The overall accuracy in finding a hernia of any kind by ultrasound was 92%. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a useful adjunct in evaluating the groin for hernia, and can be performed by surgeons. C1 St Vincent Hosp & Hlth Care Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46260 USA. RP Lilly, MC (reprint author), MSGS SGCQ, 301 Fisher St,Suite 1A132, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 8 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 659 EP 662 DI 10.1007/s00464-001-001-8145-3 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 536TU UT WOS:000174718600024 PM 11972209 ER PT J AU Trivedi, HK Saba, CS Givan, GD AF Trivedi, HK Saba, CS Givan, GD TI Thermal stability of a linear perfluoropolyalkylether in a rolling contact fatigue tester SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE perfluoropolyalkylethers; high temperature; rolling contact; surface analysis; lubricant degradation ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE LUBRICANTS; HYDRAULIC FLUIDS; DEGRADATION; STEEL; PERFORMANCE; SURFACES; PRODUCTS; BEHAVIOR; WEAR; M50 AB A linear perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) was tested under dynamic conditions at various temperatures using a ball-on-rod type rolling contact fatigue (RCF) tester. The test temperatures ranged from ambient to 343 C for a period of 24 h at a stress of 4.8 GPa using VIM-VAR M50 steel bearing elements. The lubricant was stable up to a temperature of 288degreesC. Its thermal stability had a significant effect on the tribological performance of the bearing material. Above 288 degreesC, the lubricant thermally degraded resulting in two orders of magnitude higher wear rate and total acid number (TAN) and heavy corrosion pitting of the specimens. Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis of samples tested above 288degreesC showed lower molecular weight components formed as a result of the lubricants' degradation. These GC results correlate with the changes in viscosities. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the 316degreesC and 343degreesC post test fluid showed the presence of acid fluoride and carboxylic acid. Also, iron fluoride as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was found in the deposits formed on the specimens tested at temperatures above 288degreesC. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Turbine Engine Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trivedi, HK (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD APR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1023/A:1014759224093 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 554JK UT WOS:000175731900004 ER PT J AU Gschwender, L Snyder, CE Sharma, SK Fultz, GW AF Gschwender, L Snyder, CE Sharma, SK Fultz, GW TI High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) hydraulic fluid development SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 20-24, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Soc Tribologists Lubricat Engineers DE additives; antiwear; corrosion inhibitor; aerospace tribology; airplanes; elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL); lubricants; hydraulic fluids; synthetic lubricants; fluorocarbons ID PERFLUOROPOLYALKYLETHER LIQUID LUBRICANTS; THERMAL OXIDATIVE TECHNIQUES; MODEL PERFLUOROPOLYALKYLETHERS; SOLUBLE ADDITIVES; BEARING STEELS; WEAR BEHAVIOR AB GE Aircraft Engines required a new hydraulic fluid for engine nozzle actuation for the High-Speed Civil Transport (HSCT). Perfluoropolyalkylethers (PFPAEs), because of their nonflammability and high temperature stability, were selected early in the program. The authors have found two formulated PFPAE fluids for the application. The viscosity-temperature data, pressure-viscosity data, EHL (elastohydrodynamic lubrication) film forming ability, thermal stability data, antirust protection data and wear data were measured and the data used to select the candidates. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Gschwender, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD APR PY 2002 VL 45 IS 2 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1080/10402000208982538 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 536CC UT WOS:000174682300007 ER PT J AU Gandhi, RK Hopkins, GD Goltz, MN Gorelick, SM McC rty, PL AF Gandhi, RK Hopkins, GD Goltz, MN Gorelick, SM McC rty, PL TI Full-scale demonstration of in situ cometabolic biodegradation of trichloroethylene in groundwater - 1. Dynamics of a recirculating well system SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE groundwater; tracer test; recirculation well; bioremediation; field demonstration; aquifer remediation ID CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; DIPOLE FLOW; REMEDIATION; UNCERTAINTY AB [1] Recirculating well systems provide an engine for the in situ treatment of subsurface contaminants. Although numerous recirculating wells have been installed in the field, for such systems, there is a paucity of comprehensive monitoring data and models constrained to data appearing in the research literature. Here we present an extensive data set combined with detailed inverse and simulation analyses for a two-well groundwater recirculation system used for in situ bioremediation at Edwards Air Force Base in southern California. The "conveyor belt'' flow system, which was established for in situ treatment of trichloroethylene (TCE) in two bioactive zones, was created by pumping water upward in one well and downward in another well, each well being screened in both the upper and lower aquifers. A bromide tracer test was conducted and extensively monitored for 60 days. Combined inverse analysis was conducted on hydraulic heads from 38 monitoring wells, 32 bromide concentration histories, and a constraint on the degree of recirculation that was based on TCE concentration data. Four different formulations involving alternative weighting schemes used in a nonlinear weighted least squares simulation-regression analysis were explored. The best formulation provided parameter estimates with tight bounds on estimated covariances, suggesting that the model provides a reasonable description of the hydrogeologic system. Our investigation indicates the geometry of the recirculation zone and the degree of recirculation under two different sets of operating conditions. Surprisingly, our analysis suggests that the effects of aquifer heterogeneity are not significant at this site under the conditions of forced recirculation. Furthermore, anomalous flow through an open monitoring well created significant vertical short-circuiting between the generally insulated aquifers. Flow through this small open conduit was equivalent to as much as 33% of the flow through the pumping wells. Using the model as a guide, we treated the aquifer system and bioactive zones as an equivalent mixed reactor to develop simple expressions relating effluent concentrations to influent concentrations. We demonstrate how these expressions are useful in predicting the removal of TCE that had undergone in situ bioremediation in the recirculatory treatment well system. The finite element model developed in this work serves as the foundation for a reactive transport simulator that we developed to analyze bioremediation which occurred during a 444 day experiment [Gandhi et al., 2002]. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gandhi, RK (reprint author), Mars & Co, 600 Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA. RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 AR 1039 DI 10.1029/2001WR000379 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 609XT UT WOS:000178932200004 ER PT J AU Gandhi, RK Hopkins, GD Goltz, MN Gorelick, SM McCarty, PL AF Gandhi, RK Hopkins, GD Goltz, MN Gorelick, SM McCarty, PL TI Full-scale demonstration of in situ cometabolic biodegradation of trichloroethylene in groundwater - 2. Comprehensive analysis of field data using reactive transport modeling SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE in situ bioremediation; aquifer remediation; groundwater modeling; trichloroethylene; reactive transport; field demonstration ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; POROUS-MEDIA; CHLORINATED ALIPHATICS; INSITU BIORESTORATION; OXYGEN SOURCE; BIOREMEDIATION; SIMULATIONS; DEGRADATION; AQUIFERS; TOLUENE AB [1] We present an analysis of an extensively monitored full-scale field demonstration of in situ treatment of trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination by aerobic cometabolic biodegradation. The demonstration was conducted at Edwards Air Force Base in southern California. There are two TCE-contaminated aquifers at the site, separated from one another by a clay aquitard. The treatment system consisted of two recirculating wells located 10 m apart. Each well was screened in both of the contaminated aquifers. Toluene, oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide were added to the water in both wells. At one well, water was pumped from the upper aquifer to the lower aquifer. In the other well, pumping was from the lower to the upper aquifer. This resulted in a "conveyor belt'' flow system with recirculation between the two aquifers. The treatment system was successfully operated for a 410 day period. We explore how well a finite element reactive transport model can describe the key processes in an engineered field system. Our model simulates TCE, toluene, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and microbial growth/death. Simulated processes include advective-dispersive transport, biodegradation, the inhibitory effect of hydrogen peroxide on biomass growth, and oxygen degassing. Several parameter values were fixed to laboratory values or values from previous modeling studies. The remaining six parameter values were obtained by calibrating the model to 7213 TCE concentration data and 6997 dissolved oxygen concentration data collected during the demonstration using a simulation-regression procedure. In this complex flow field involving reactive transport, TCE and dissolved oxygen concentration histories are matched very well by the calibrated model. Both simulated and observed toluene concentrations display similar high-frequency oscillations due to pulsed toluene injection approximately one half hour during each 8 hour period. Simulation results indicate that over the course of the demonstration, 6.9 kg of TCE was degraded and that in the upper aquifer a region 40 m wide extending 25 m down gradient of the treatment system was cleaned up to less than 100 m g L 1 from initial concentrations of approximately 700 mug L-1. A smaller region was cleaned up to less than 30 mug L-1. Simulations indicate that the cleaned up area in the upper aquifer would continue to expand for as long as treatment was continued. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gandhi, RK (reprint author), Mars & Co, 600 Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA. RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; McCarty, Perry/H-1132-2011 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 AR 1040 DI 10.1029/2001WR000380 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 609XT UT WOS:000178932200003 ER PT J AU Chen, MY Bai, Z Tan, SC Unroe, MR AF Chen, MY Bai, Z Tan, SC Unroe, MR TI Friction and wear scar analysis of carbon nanofiber-reinforced polymeric composite coatings on alumina/aluminum composite SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE friction; carbon nanofiber; polymeric composite; solid lubricant; alumina/aluminum composites AB Alumina/aluminum based composites with excellent physical and rnechanical properties offer great potential for lightweight. wear resistant. and high temperature applications. The objective of the present research was to investigate a suitable coating material to provide a 7 low coefficient Of friction (COF) during sliding contact. The friction behavior of carbon nanofiber-reinforced aerospace polymer coatings prepared by the spin coating technique were investigated, (PMMA), bis A polycarbonate, and two biphenyl endcapped poly(arlene ether phosphine oxide) compositions, namely BPETPP-E and 6FETPP-E, were used as the matrices. Pin-on-disc experiments were performed between 440C stainless steel balls and disc samples, Of coated alumina/aluminium interpenetrating phase composites at 0.2 m/s sliding velocity. in air, at room temperature under 0,25 and 0,74 N normal load, In all cafes. formation Of a lubricious carbon layer and its transfer to the steel counterface was observed to result in lower COF (similar to0.2-0.3), Higher levels of fiber content (40 and 60 w.t.% fibers) contributed to a faster formation of this layer. Wear scar analysis showed the dual rolo of the carbon nanofibers, serving as solid lubricants and as reinforcement in the coatings. The amount of debris generated and the coverage of the lubricious carbon-rich film on the scar surface was dependent oil the matrix material used. Adherent and uniform coverage of a lubricious carbon-rich film at the wear contact with the least amount of debris fragments was obtained only for composite coatings using BPETPP-E and 6FETPP-E matrices. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 AFRL, ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright Mat Res Co, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), AFRL, ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD APR PY 2002 VL 252 IS 7-8 BP 624 EP 634 AR PII S0043-1648(02)00021-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 545YK UT WOS:000175245000011 ER PT J AU Maimon, S Averett, KL Wu, X Koch, MW Wicks, GW AF Maimon, S Averett, KL Wu, X Koch, MW Wicks, GW TI InAs-based heterojunction bipolar transistors SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The first InAlAs/InA, heterojunction bipolar transistors are reported. A current gain of 100 at room temperature is measured. The base-collector junction is an InAs pn homojunction, Which is optimised to have low reverse leakage at room temperature. The emitter is pseudomorphic AllnAs, linearly graded to increase the barrier which inhibits hole injection into the emitter. C1 Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. MLPS, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Maimon, S (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 7 BP 344 EP 346 DI 10.1049/el:20020214 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 540QK UT WOS:000174939500032 ER PT J AU Park, SY Zhang, T Interrante, LV Farmer, BL AF Park, SY Zhang, T Interrante, LV Farmer, BL TI Structures of side chain liquid crystalline poly(silylenemethylene)s SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID PREFORMED POLYMERS AB The structures of side chain liquid crystalline poly(silylenemethylene)s (-(SiCH3R-CH2)-: R = O(CH2)(N)O-Ph-Ph, Ph = phenyl) (PSM-N; N = 3, 6, 8, 11) have been studied by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DSC study showed that PSM-Ns have multiple transitions that are dependent on the side chain length. All PSM-Ns studied show a series of sharp equatorial reflections in the X-ray fiber pattern at room temperature, a characteristic of well-ordered smectic phases. Layered smectic structures of PSM-Ns persist up to the isotropic temperature during heating, although the specific kinds of smectic phases changed. In each, the layer thickness corresponds to the single side chain length and increases with slope of similar to1.3 Angstrom per methylene spacer. This is a single-layer structure. For PSM-3 and PSM-6, the mesogens pack in a two-dimensional orthorhombic cell, a characteristic of a smectic E (S-E) phase, with dimensions a = 8.14 Angstrom and b = 5.14 Angstrom. The S-E phase of PSM-3 and PSM-6 converts directly to the isotropic phase. For PSM-8 and PSM-11, the mesogens pack in a hexagonal smectic B (S-B) cell at room temperature. This is manifest from the hexagonal six-point arrangement of reflections at d = 4.4 Angstrom in the X-ray fiber pattern. During room temperature annealing, PSM-8 and PSM-11 crystallize into orthorhombic cells with parameters a = 8.80 Angstrom, b = 5.08 Angstrom, c = 50.8 Angstrom for PSM-8 and a = 8.90 Angstrom, b = 5.14 Angstrom, c = 58.6 Angstrom for PSM-11. Upon heating, the crystalline structures change to smectic A (S-A) before becoming isotropic. Micrographs of PSM-11 show a layered structure with thickness matching that observed in X-ray pattern. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Farmer, BL (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 26 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 7 BP 2776 EP 2783 DI 10.1021/ma010449s PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 533ZF UT WOS:000174559600052 ER PT J AU Benedek, R Seidman, DN Woodward, C AF Benedek, R Seidman, DN Woodward, C TI The effect of misfit on heterophase interface energies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; METAL-CERAMIC INTERFACES; ATOMIC-SCALE STRUCTURE; OXIDE INTERFACES; EMBEDDED-ATOM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AB-INITIO; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; SURFACE RELAXATION; IMAGE INTERACTIONS AB Most previous atomistic simulations of heterophase interfaces have neglected misfit, the discrepancy between the interatomic length scales parallel to the interface of the two phases. The obstacles to quantitative calculations of interface energies in the presence of misfit are assessed. The most straightforward approach is to perform simulations for a supercell whose size is of the order of the cube of the smallest common periodic length scale (essentially the coincidence-site-lattice periodicity), which varies inversely with the misfit parameter. Such supercells typically contain at least thousands of atoms. First-principles simulations are highly accurate, but are feasible only for a few selected heterophase interfaces with large misfit. Classical interatomic potentials, on the other hand, are efficient numerically, but their accuracy has not been demonstrated in the context of heterophase interface calculations. An approximate formulation of the interface energy is presented here which can be evaluated numerically by first-principles calculations for supercells of only moderate size. This formulation explores the relationship between the interface energies for coherent and semi-coherent interfaces. A numerical application to an interface between tetragonal TiAl and perovskite Ti3AlC is presented. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Benedek, R (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009 NR 100 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 25 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2877 EP 2900 AR PII S0953-8984(02)29837-9 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/11/307 PG 24 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 540BC UT WOS:000174901100008 ER PT J AU Kalns, J Scruggs, J Millenbaugh, N Vivekananda, J Shealy, D Eggers, J Kiel, J AF Kalns, J Scruggs, J Millenbaugh, N Vivekananda, J Shealy, D Eggers, J Kiel, J TI TNF receptor 1, IL-1 receptor, and iNOS genetic knockout mice are not protected from anthrax infection SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anthrax; Bacillus anthracis; TNF; TNF-alpha; IL-1; iNOS; nitric oxide; mice; murine; knockout; mortality; death ID LETHAL FACTOR CLEAVES; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; TYROSINE/THREONINE PHOSPHORYLATION; CULTURED MACROPHAGES; N-TERMINUS; TOXIN; RESPONSES; MAPKKS AB Anthrax produces at least two toxins that cause an intense systemic inflammatory response, edema, shock, and eventually death. The relative contributions of various elements of the immune response to mortality and course of disease progression are poorly understood. We hypothesized that knockout mice missing components of the immune system will have an altered response to infection. Parent strain mice and knockouts were challenged with LD95 of anthrax spores (5 X 10(6)) administered subcutaneously. Our results show that all genetic knockouts succumbed to anthrax infection at the same frequency as the parent. TNF antibody delayed death but TNF receptor 1 knockout had no effect. IL-1 receptor or iNOS knockouts died sooner. Anthrax was more abundant in the injection site of TNF-alpha and iNOS knockouts compared to parent suggesting that attenuated cellular response increases rate of disease progression. With the exception of edema and necrosis at the injection site pathological changes in internal organs were not observed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FEH, Davis Hyperbar Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Centocor Res, Malvern, PA USA. RP Kalns, J (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, FEH, Davis Hyperbar Lab, 2602 W Gate Road, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 292 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6626 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 534NF UT WOS:000174591900006 PM 11890668 ER PT J AU Franklin, RE Perram, GP AF Franklin, RE Perram, GP TI Collisional dynamics of Bi-2 A(0(u)(+)). II. State-to-state rotational energy transfer SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X BAND SYSTEM; MOLECULES; BI2 AB Rotational-to-translational (R-T) energy transfer within v'=1 of the A(0(u)(+)) state of Bi-2 has been investigated using spectrally resolved, laser induced fluorescence techniques. Spectrally resolved emissions from collisionally populated rotational levels of Bi-2(A,v'=1) were observed for helium, neon, and argon collision partners after laser excitation of the high rotational levels J'=171, 201, and 231. Total rotational removal rates from the initially prepared state range from 2.8-8.9x10(-10) cm(3)/molecule s. Collisional population of rotational states with \DeltaJ\less than or equal to56 was observed at pressures of 0.09-1.4 Torr. The state-to-state rates are adequately modeled by the energy based statistical power gap law. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Franklin, RE (reprint author), Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 12 BP 4896 EP 4900 DI 10.1063/1.1451058 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 530NH UT WOS:000174363700022 ER PT J AU Evans, BL Martin, JB Burggraf, LW Roggemann, MC Hangartner, TN AF Evans, BL Martin, JB Burggraf, LW Roggemann, MC Hangartner, TN TI Demonstration of energy-coded Compton scatter tomography with fan beams for one-sided inspection SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE nondestructive inspection; Compton scatter; Compton imaging; Compton camera; computed tomography; iterative image reconstruction ID NONDESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION AB An instrument is demonstrated whereby radiographic images of a sample's electron density are compiled from the information encoded in the energy spectra of gamma rays backscattered from one side of the sample. It is assumed that access is restricted to only one surface of the object under inspection. Use of energy coding allows imaging in a fan beam rather than independent interrogation of individual volume elements. The Multiplexed Compton Scatter Tomograph instrument consists of an array of high-energy-resolution detectors and fan beam collimators. Instrument signals are converted to electron density images using a penalized weighted least squares image reconstruction algorithm coupled with a deterministic system model that includes effects of Doppler broadening. The proof-of-principle instrument is demonstrated on aluminum samples. In an 8 mm thick sample with a 4mm void in its center, contrast recovery of 90% is achieved. In a 10 mm thick sample with a 3 mm void at the back about 85% of the contrast is recovered. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, BioMed Imaging Lab, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Evans, BL (reprint author), USSTRATCOM-J533,901 SAC Blvd,Ste 2E9, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 21 PY 2002 VL 480 IS 2-3 BP 797 EP 806 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01205-0 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01205-0 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 545YM UT WOS:000175245200054 ER PT J AU Magee, EP Kane, TJ AF Magee, EP Kane, TJ TI Bistatic coherent laser radar signal-to-noise ratio SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTER HETERODYNE LIDAR; REFRACTIVE-TURBULENCE; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; RANDOM-MEDIA; 4TH MOMENT; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; APERTURE; BEAM AB We investigate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a bistatic coherent laser radar (CLR) system. With a bistatic configuration, the spatial resolution is determined by the overlap of the transmit beam and the virtual backpropagated local oscillator beam. This eliminates the trade-off between range resolution and the bandwidth of the transmitted pulse inherent in monostatic systems. The presented analysis is completely general in that the expressions can be applied to both monostatic and bistatic CLR systems. The heterodyne SNR is computed under the assumption of untruncated Gaussian optics and untruncated Gaussian beam profiles. The analysis also includes the effects of refractive turbulence. The results show that, for maximum SNR, small transmit and local oscillator beam profiles (e(-1) intensity radius) are desired. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Magee, EP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM eric.magee@afit.edu NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1768 EP 1779 DI 10.1364/AO.41.001768 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 533KZ UT WOS:000174529900025 PM 11921808 ER PT J AU Andersen, G Brasseur, JK Knize, RJ Haris, P AF Andersen, G Brasseur, JK Knize, RJ Haris, P TI Raman and Rayleigh holographic lidar SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL RAMAN; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; PROFILES; SYSTEM; MIDDLE; MODEL; MIE; N2 AB We have designed a novel rotational Raman and Rayleigh lidar system that incorporates a simple holographic optical element. The hologram simultaneously disperses and focuses the backscattered signal light so that narrow spectral features can be isolated and detected with high efficiency. By measuring the relative strength of several nitrogen rotational Raman lines, we can obtain an accurate temperature of the atmosphere at a given altitude without the need for external calibration. Simultaneous photon counting of the Rayleigh backscatter signal permits temperature measurements at much higher altitudes. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Suite 2A31 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM geoff.andersen@usafa.af.mil NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1798 EP 1804 DI 10.1364/AO.41.001798 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 533KZ UT WOS:000174529900028 PM 11921811 ER PT J AU Javorsek, D Fischbach, E Teplitz, V AF Javorsek, D Fischbach, E Teplitz, V TI New experimental bounds on the contributions to the cosmological density parameter Omega from strongly interacting massive particles SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; dark matter; elementary particles ID DARK-MATTER; SEARCH; NUCLEI; BE-10 AB Strongly interacting neutral massive particles ( SIMPs) have been proposed as candidates for dark matter, as the lightest supersymmetric particle, as a possible explanation for ultra high-energy cosmic rays, and as a dark matter solution to galactic structure problems. If bound to nuclei, SIMPs could manifest themselves as anomalously heavy isotopes of known elements. We analyze the results from a recent experimental search for SIMPs in a collection of gold and iron samples with various exposures to cosmic rays and to a SIMP component of dark matter. The samples included gold own on the NASA Long-Duration Exposure Facility, as well as geological samples and an iron meteorite. We show that the bounds on SIMPs from that experiment can be used to set nontrivial constraints on the SIMP contribution to the cosmological density parameter. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Fischbach, E (reprint author), 80th Flying Training Wing, Sheppard AFB, TX 76311 USA. OI Javorsek, Daniel/0000-0002-0329-4011 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 568 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1086/338796 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 531VN UT WOS:000174438100001 ER PT J AU Fellows, JA Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Johnstone, DK AF Fellows, JA Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Johnstone, DK TI Electrical activation studies of GaN implanted with Si from low to high dose SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAYER AB Electrical activation studies of Si-implanted GaN grown on sapphire have been made as a function of ion dose and anneal temperature. Silicon was implanted at 200 keV with doses ranging from 1x10(13) to 5x10(15) cm(-2) at room temperature. The samples were annealed from 1100 to 1350 degreesC with a 500-A-thick AlN cap in a nitrogen environment. Samples implanted with high doses (greater than or equal to1x10(15) cm(-2)) have optimum anneal temperatures of around 1350 degreesC, exhibiting a nearly 100% electrical activation efficiency, whereas low dose (less than or equal to5x10(14) cm(-2)) samples exhibited lower activation efficiencies, but efficiencies increase with anneal temperature even after annealing at 1350 degreesC. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fellows, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 11 BP 1930 EP 1932 DI 10.1063/1.1458694 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 530NF UT WOS:000174363300025 ER PT J AU Pfeifer, P Ehrburger-Dolle, F Rieker, TP Gonzalez, MT Hoffman, WP Molina-Sabio, M Rodriguez-Reinoso, F Schmidt, PW Voss, DJ AF Pfeifer, P Ehrburger-Dolle, F Rieker, TP Gonzalez, MT Hoffman, WP Molina-Sabio, M Rodriguez-Reinoso, F Schmidt, PW Voss, DJ TI Nearly space-filling fractal networks of carbon nanopores SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; SANDSTONE PORES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DISORDERED MEDIA; ENERGY-TRANSFER; X-RAY; DIFFUSION; ROCKS; LATTICES; GLASSES AB Small-angle x-ray scattering, nitrogen adsorption, and scanning tunneling microscopy show that a series of activated carbons host an extended fractal network of channels with dimension D-p = 2.8-3.0 (pore fractal), channel width 15 20 Angstrom (lower end of scaling), network diameter 3000-3400 Angstrom (upper end of scaling), and porosity of 0.3-0.6. We interpret the network as a stack of quasiplanar invasion percolation clusters, formed by oxidative removal of walls between closed voids of diameter of similar to10 Angstrom and held in registry by fibrils of the biological precursor, and point out unique applications. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CNRS, Inst Chim Surfaces & Interfaces, F-68057 Mulhouse, France. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Alicante, Dept Quim Inorgan, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Pfeifer, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Rodriguez-Reinoso, Francisco/G-7941-2016 OI Rodriguez-Reinoso, Francisco/0000-0002-4212-9860 NR 52 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 11 AR 115502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.115502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 533QL UT WOS:000174541700019 PM 11909407 ER PT J AU Jogai, B AF Jogai, B TI Free electron distribution in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PIEZOELECTRIC POLARIZATION; MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; EFFECTIVE MASSES; BAND-STRUCTURE; GAN; HETEROSTRUCTURE; ALN; NOISE AB A detailed calculation of the free electron concentration and conduction and valence band edges of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors is presented. The model is based on a self-consistent solution of the Schrodinger, Poisson, and charge balance equations and includes the effect of exchange correlation on the Coulomb interaction. It also includes surface acceptor and donor states populated according to Fermi-Dirac statistics. The piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization discontinuities across the material interfaces are rigorously taken into account. The influence of the polarization discontinuity on the magnitude of the charge in the two-dimensional electron gas is investigated. From charge conservation, it is shown that the polarization discontinuity does not behave as dopants in the same manner as substitutional impurities. Any free electrons within the structure must originate from some other source, either from the surface through surface donors, or from the bulk through unintentional n-type dopants. The present model allows for delta doping and multiple AlGaN/GaN interfaces. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Jogai, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 6 BP 3721 EP 3729 DI 10.1063/1.1452773 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JG UT WOS:000174182500036 ER PT J AU Manke, GC Hager, GD AF Manke, GC Hager, GD TI Advanced COIL - physics, chemistry and uses SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 08-11, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UTAH ID OXYGEN-IODINE LASER; 1.315 MU-M; RATE CONSTANTS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CHEMICAL-LASER; NCL(A(1)DELTA); GAIN; TRANSITION; KINETICS; MODEL AB A review of Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL) chemistry, physics, and technology is presented. Individual COIL components are discussed in relation to the COIL heuristic equation, which predicts COIL performance based on well-known, measurable, device performance parameters. Topics include singlet oxygen generators (SOGs), supersonic nozzle designs, 12 mixing, and 12 dissociation. In addition, a brief summary of the recently invented All Gas-phase Iodine Laser (AGIL) is given, where the I*(P-2(1/2)) --> I(P-2(3/2)) inversion was generated by the NCI(a(1)Delta) + I(P-2 (3/2)) energy transfer reaction. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3-4 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1080/09500340110090468 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 524KQ UT WOS:000174012700014 ER PT J AU Steinhubl, SR Saucedo, JF Sane, DC Berger, PB Moliterno, DJ Tcheng, JE Kereiakes, DJ AF Steinhubl, SR Saucedo, JF Sane, DC Berger, PB Moliterno, DJ Tcheng, JE Kereiakes, DJ TI Point-of-care measurement of platelet function before angioplasty strongly predicts future target vessel revascularization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Lindner Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 SU A BP 72A EP 72A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 526AR UT WOS:000174106700315 ER PT J AU Palm-Leis, A Fitzsimmons, PJ Kruyer, WB AF Palm-Leis, A Fitzsimmons, PJ Kruyer, WB TI New persistent and rate-related left bundle branch block in 116 apparently healthy males: Correlation with coronary angiography and cardiac risk factors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 SU A BP 122A EP 122A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 526AR UT WOS:000174106700540 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, PJ Palm-Leis, A Thompson, WT Kruyer, WB AF Fitzsimmons, PJ Palm-Leis, A Thompson, WT Kruyer, WB TI Comparison of Noninvasive cardiac testing in 903 asymptomatic men: Correlation with coronary angiography and with clinical events at two and five years SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 SU A BP 163A EP 163A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 526AR UT WOS:000174106700724 ER PT J AU Yang, SH Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Scott, MB AF Yang, SH Mehl, MJ Papaconstantopoulos, DA Scott, MB TI Application of a tight-binding total-energy method for FeAl SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL ALUMINIDES; INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; NOBLE-METALS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; SURFACES; SILICON; AL AB The Naval Research Laboratory tight-binding (TB) method accurately describes the electronic and mechanical properties of many elemental systems, including semiconductors, simple metals, and transition metals. We report an extension of the method to an intermetallic compound, FexAl1-x. We found a set of non-orthogonal TB parameters which reproduced the electronic structure and total energy versus volume of a set of first-principles linearized augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) calculations for the B1 (NaCl), B2 (CsCl), D0(3) (Fe3Al), C11(b) (MoSi2), and B32 (NaTI) structures. Structural properties, such as lattice constants and bulk moduli, and electronic properties, such as the densities of states and energy bands, are reproduced well. In addition, quantities that were not fitted, such as elastic constants, are found to be in very good agreement with 4:1 independent LAPW calculations. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Yang, SH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1895 EP 1902 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/8/317 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 534BL UT WOS:000174564700026 ER PT J AU Willwohl, D Kettner, M Braak, H Hubbard, GB Dick, EJ Cox, AB Schultz, C AF Willwohl, D Kettner, M Braak, H Hubbard, GB Dick, EJ Cox, AB Schultz, C TI Pallido-nigral spheroids in nonhuman primates: accumulation of heat shock proteins in astroglial processes SO ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE spheroid bodies; heat shock proteins; alpha-B crystallin; iron; nonhuman primates ID ALPHA-B-CRYSTALLIN; POLYGLUTAMINE DISEASE; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; STRESS; ASTROCYTES; PIGMENT; HSP27; IRON AB Alpha-B crystallin, ubiquitin and heat shock protein 27 (hsp27) belong to a class of proteins that are over-expressed in response to pathological conditions associated with increased cellular stress. In the present study, brain sections of old rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta n=10: mean age, 29.4 years) and baboons (Papio anubis: n=8: mean age, 18.3 years) were examined for ubiquitin, alpha-B crystallin and hsp27-immunopositive structures. In both species, immunoreactive spheroid-like bodies were found in the globus pallidus and in the substantia nigra. pars reticulata. These structures frequently were associated with abnormally swollen cellular processes. To further clarify the origin of the pallido-nigral spheroids, single-and double-immunostaining was performed for hsp27, alpha-B crystallin and the astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as well as for neuronal markers against neurofilament and dendritic microtubule-associated protein 2. Confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated that spheroids were localized in swollen astroglial processes, whereas they were not seen in neuronal structures. Thus. pallido-nigral spheroids can be classified as astroglial accumulations of heat shock proteins. Further investigations of these structures may provide information pertinent to our understanding of astroglial heat shock protein inclusions developing in degenerative human brain diseases. C1 Univ Frankfurt Klinikum, Dept Anat, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Lab Anim Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Vet Sci Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Schultz, C (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt Klinikum, Dept Anat, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0001-6322 J9 ACTA NEUROPATHOL JI Acta Neuropathol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 103 IS 3 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1007/S00401-001-0466-8 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 528KV UT WOS:000174243700011 PM 11907808 ER PT J AU Knauf, JM Drake, LR Portanova, PL AF Knauf, JM Drake, LR Portanova, PL TI EELV: Evolving toward affordability SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Article C1 USAF, EELV Launch Serv, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Knauf, JM (reprint author), USAF, EELV Launch Serv, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 530CZ UT WOS:000174339200012 ER PT J AU Prewitt, NC Belk, DM Shyy, W AF Prewitt, NC Belk, DM Shyy, W TI Improvements in parallel chimera grid assembly SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Parallel implementation and performance assessment of the grid assembly function in a chimera grid approach, realized by the Beggar code, are presented. A mixed programming model is used combining message passing with shared-memory programming constructs using standard POSIX calls. The POSIX calls are used to store large, common data structures in shared memory. The associated reduction in the total memory requirements allows more processors to be used. The effective utilization of this increased processor count is based on improvements in load balancing because of a finer decomposition of the work associated with the grid assembly function. Parallel efficiency is demonstrated using a three-store, ripple release, trajectory calculation. C1 Mississippi State Univ, US Dept Def Engn Res, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. US Air Force Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. RP Prewitt, NC (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, US Dept Def Engn Res, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.2514/2.1673 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 528VG UT WOS:000174264500013 ER PT J AU Berdahl, C AF Berdahl, C TI Neural network detection of shockwaves SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN, 1999 CL NORFOLK, VIRGINIA ID INFEROTEMPORAL CORTEX; MECHANISMS; VECTOR; MAPS AB Contemporary neural networks simulate the operation of brain subsystems with substantially higher fidelity than was possible a few years ago. These improvements offer new opportunities to use the cognitive competence of neural networks in fluid mechanics. One such opportunity is developed by taking concepts from their origin in neuroscience through a neural network to the fluid mechanics. The discussion focuses on one brain subsystem (the "What" pathway of the visual system), adapts an existing neural network model of the visual system (the boundary contour system/feature contour system), and shows how a flowfield scalar can excite a pattern of simulated neural activity. The neural network uses three types of shunting neurons found in the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus, and cortical area V1. When shown the density field of a supersonic channel flow, certain neurons in the neural network become active when a shock passes nearby. These active neurons provide a pattern of neural activity that could feed into higher-level What pathway neural networks to make more sophisticated inferences about structures present in a flow. The challenges posed by embedding the current neural network in these higher-level brain structures suggest a promising research agenda. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Berdahl, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Bldg 146,Room 225,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.2514/2.1678 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 528VG UT WOS:000174264500018 ER PT J AU Morrison, WB Sanders, TG Parsons, TW AF Morrison, WB Sanders, TG Parsons, TW TI Be sure to insert - Appropriately and safely - a hookwire! Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID LOCALIZATION; LESIONS C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Morrison, WB (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 178 IS 3 BP 764 EP 765 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 525EH UT WOS:000174055400047 ER PT J AU Zelmon, DE Bayya, SS Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID AF Zelmon, DE Bayya, SS Sanghera, JS Aggarwal, ID TI Dispersion of barium gallogermanate glass SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BAO-GA2O3-GEO2 GLASSES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB Gallogermanate glasses are the subject of intense study as a result of their unique combination of physical and optical properties, including transmission from 0.4 to beyond 5.0 mum. These glasses can be easily made into large optics with high-index homogeneity for numerous U.S. Department of Defense and commercial visible-IR window applications such as reconnaissance, missile domes, IR countermeasures, avionics, and collision avoidance on automobiles, These applications require a knowledge of the refractive index of glass throughout the region of transmission. Consequently, we have measured the refractive index of BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2 glass from 0.4 to 5.0 mum and calculated the Sellmeier coefficients required for optical device design. C1 USAF, Mat Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP USAF, Mat Directorate, Res Lab, 3005 P St,Bldg 651,Room 243, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.zelmon@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1366 EP 1367 DI 10.1364/AO.41.001366 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 525VW UT WOS:000174095600021 PM 11900015 ER PT J AU Coletta, D AF Coletta, D TI Historical encyclopedia of US presidential use of force, 1789-2000. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Coletta, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 513 EP 515 DI 10.1177/0095327X0202800310 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 575QR UT WOS:000176959600010 ER PT J AU Peterkin, RE Luginsland, JW AF Peterkin, RE Luginsland, JW TI A virtual prototyping environment for directed-energy concepts SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC KLYSTRON OSCILLATOR AB Enhancements in computation hardware and the development of novel software have enabled virtual prototyping in several areas of science and engineering. In particular, the authors discuss directed energy devices that generate high-power microwave pulses. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat Electromagnet & Acoust Area, DoDs High Performance Comp Modernizat Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Peterkin, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL DEH, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1109/5992.988646 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 524YQ UT WOS:000174040800009 ER PT J AU Aleksov, A Denisenko, A Spitzberg, U Jenkins, T Ebert, W Kohn, E AF Aleksov, A Denisenko, A Spitzberg, U Jenkins, T Ebert, W Kohn, E TI RF performance of surface channel diamond FETs with sub-micron gate length SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 2001) CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE diamond properties and applications; surface-channel; FET; RF performance ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; DOPED DIAMOND; VELOCITY; FILMS AB Diamond hydrogen-induced surface channel field effect transistors (FETs) were fabricated with gate lengths down to 0.2 mum in part using electron beam lithography. Down-scaling of the gate-length resulted in both improved DC- and RF characteristics, especially for a 0.2-mum gate length in a maximum output current of I-Dmax = 360 mA/mm with a peak transconductance of 148 mS/mm. The optimum cut-off frequencies were f(T) = 11.5 GHz, f(max(MAG)) = 31.7 GHz and f(max(U)) = 40,2 GHz. A maximum drain voltage of 68 V was obtained before pattern-related destructive breakdown occurred. This allows estimation of the RF power handling capability to above 3.0 W/mm. The data are the highest reported for diamond FETs. Scaling of the device parameters with gate length allows to estimate a velocity-limited maximum output current to 750 mA/mm and an fT above 20 GHz at 0.1-mum gate length. At high drive, current drift and current compression is observed in the quasi-DC output characteristics as well as in first microwave large signal measurements. These instabilities seem at present to be the main hurdle of hydrogen-induced surface channel FETs in high power microwave applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ulm, Dept Electron Devices & Circuits, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. AFRL, SNDM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Ulm, Dept Electron Devices & Circuits, Albert Einstein Allee 45, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. EM aaleksov@ebs.e-technik.uni-ulm.de NR 19 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 EI 1879-0062 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR-JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3-6 SI SI BP 382 EP 386 AR PII S0925-9635(01)00644-6 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(01)00644-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 559VL UT WOS:000176046300020 ER PT J AU Collins, CB Zoita, NC Rusu, AC Iosif, MC Camase, DT Davanloo, F Emura, S Uruga, T Dussart, R Pouvesle, JM Ur, CA Popescu, II Kirischuk, VI Strilchuk, NV Agee, FJ AF Collins, CB Zoita, NC Rusu, AC Iosif, MC Camase, DT Davanloo, F Emura, S Uruga, T Dussart, R Pouvesle, JM Ur, CA Popescu, II Kirischuk, VI Strilchuk, NV Agee, FJ TI Tunable synchrotron radiation used to induce gamma-emission from the 31 year isomer of Hf-178 SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-IRRADIATION; ELECTRON TRANSITION; NUCLEAR-EXCITATION; 31-YR ISOMER AB A process for transferring energy from electron shells into nuclear excitation, NEET, has offered the promise for modulating nuclear properties at accessible levels of power. It had been proven recently by exciting a nuclear level of Au-197 with synchrotron radiation, but measured couplings were far below theoretical objectives. Reported here is an extension of that approach for excitation to Hf-178(m2) isomeric nuclei. Isomeric targets were irradiated with X-rays in the beamline BL01B1 at the synchrotron radiation source SPring-8. Energies were tuned from 9 to 13 keV. In this range an excitation branch attributed to NEET was found to have a probability of 2 x 10(-3) relative to L-shell photoionization. The resulting emission of exoergic gamma-photons was observed from the target at a rate approaching the theoretical maximum. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Univ Orleans, CNRS, GREMI, Orleans, France. H Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. IGE Fdn, Bucharest, Romania. Sci Ctr Inst Nucl Res, Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Off Sci Res, NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Collins, CB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Quantum Elect, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RI Zoita, Nicolae Catalin/F-9868-2013 OI Zoita, Nicolae Catalin/0000-0002-8337-9559 NR 7 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 5 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00516-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 527HD UT WOS:000174179900009 ER PT J AU Beer, J Blakemore, C Previc, FH Liotti, M AF Beer, J Blakemore, C Previc, FH Liotti, M TI Areas of the human brain activated by ambient visual motion, indicating three kinds of self-movement SO EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE vision; self-motion; optic flow; area KO; human ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS; ACCESSORY OPTIC-SYSTEM; MACAQUE MONKEY; FLOW STIMULI; MST NEURONS; PET IMAGES; DIRECTION; CORTEX; FIELD AB In a positron emission tomography (PET) study, a very large visual display was used to simulate continuous observer roll, yaw, and linear movement in depth. A global analysis based on all three experiments identified brain areas that responded to the three conditions' shared characteristic of coherent, wide-field motion versus incoherent motion. Several areas were identified, in the posterior-inferior temporal cortex (Brodmann area 37), paralimbic cortex, pulvinar, and midbrain tegmentum. In addition, occipital region KO was sensitive to roll and expansion but not yaw (i.e., coherent displays containing differential flow). Continuous ambient motion did not activate V5/MT selectively. The network of sites responding specifically to coherent motion contrasted with the extensive, contiguous activation that both coherent and incoherent motion elicited in visual areas V1, V2, and V3. The coherent motion mechanisms. furthermore, extended beyond the traditional dorsal pathway proposed to account for visual motion processing, and included subcortical and limbic structures, which are implicated in polysensory processing, posture regulation, and arousal. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Inc, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Physiol, Oxford, England. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Biodynam & Protect Div,Flight Mot Effects Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Res Imaging Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Beer, J (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, 8301 Navy Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0014-4819 J9 EXP BRAIN RES JI Exp. Brain Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 143 IS 1 BP 78 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s00221-001-0947-y PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 536KD UT WOS:000174698500009 PM 11907693 ER PT J AU Altshuler, EE AF Altshuler, EE TI Electrically small self-resonant wire antennas optimized using a genetic algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electrically small antennas; genetic algorithms; wire antennas AB One of the major limitations of electrically small antennas is that as the size of the antenna is decreased its radiation resistance approaches zero and its reactance approaches plus or minus infinity. Most small antennas are inefficient, nonresonant and, thus, require matching networks. In this investigation, we use a genetic algorithm (GA) in conjunction with the numerical electromagnetics code to search for resonant wire shapes that best utilize the volume within which the antenna is confined. Antenna configurations, over a ground plane, having from two to ten wire segments, were optimized near 400 MHz and then built and tested. As the cube size deceased from a side length of 0.096lambda to 0.026lambda, the computed Qs increased from 15.8 to 590. The measured Qs increased from 16.0 to 134 for cubes of 0.093 to 0.037lambda on edge. This process for designing small antennas using a GA produced new self-resonant antenna configurations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Altshuler, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 13 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 297 EP 300 AR PII S0018-926X(02)02620-0 DI 10.1109/8.999619 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 548GL UT WOS:000175380200005 ER PT J AU Shtessel, Y Buffington, J Banda, S AF Shtessel, Y Buffington, J Banda, S TI Tailless aircraft flight control using multiple time scale reconfigurable sliding modes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE control reconfiguration; multiple time scale; sliding modes; tailless aircraft ID SYSTEMS AB A triple time scale tailless aircraft flight control problem is addressed via continuous sliding mode control. A reconfigurable sliding mode flight controller is designed that achieves robust, high accuracy command angle tracking both before and after damage to an aircraft. Command angles and angular rate commands are robustly tracked in outer and inner loops correspondingly via finite reaching time continuous sliding mode controllers. An optimal control allocation algorithm is employed using nominal mathematical model of an aircraft. Sliding surface boundary layer reconfiguration (direct adaptation) is used in the "very" inner loop to account for actuator dynamics, deflection limits, and rate limits. On-line damage identification is not required by this design. The reconfigurable sliding mode flight control technique is applied to a flight dynamics model of a tailless jet fighter that was developed under is the innovative control effectors program. Simulations demonstrate stability and high accuracy tracking performance without violation of actuator limits. C1 Lockheed Martin Tact Aircraft Syst, Flight Control Vehicle Management Syst, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shtessel, Y (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Tact Aircraft Syst, Flight Control Vehicle Management Syst, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. EM essel@ece.uah.edu; james.m.buffington@lmco.com; siva.banda@va.afrl.af.mil NR 15 TC 94 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 288 EP 296 AR PII S1063-6536(02)00324-X DI 10.1109/87.987075 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 526DV UT WOS:000174114600014 ER PT J AU Tsui, JBY Stephens, JP AF Tsui, JBY Stephens, JP TI Digital microwave receiver technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE digital receiver; digital signal processing; digital technology; GPS receiver; microwave receiver; monobit receiver; transform-domain communication AB This paper reports the impact of digital signal processing on microwave receiver technology. The majority of modern receiver designs are based on digital technology. Wide- and narrow-band receivers will be presented. The wide-band receivers cover approximately 1-Ghz instantaneous bandwidth and are used to intercept radar pulses. Current narrow-band receivers cover up to 50-MHz instantaneous bandwidth and are primarily used for receiving communication signals. Two approaches for wide-band receiver design will be discussed. One Is the conventional digital receiver. The other one is called the monobit receiver, which has slightly inferior performance in some respects, but can be built on a single chip. Narrow-band receivers are best implemented in software because they can more adapt to changes. Two types of receivers will be discussed. One is the software global positioning system receiver. The other one is called a transform-domain communication system. The object of this system is to avoid interference in a hostile communication environment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, RF Sensor Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsui, JBY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, RF Sensor Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 699 EP 705 AR PII S0018-9480(02)01994-4 DI 10.1109/22.989955 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 532CR UT WOS:000174454500012 ER PT J AU Adair, ER Petersen, RC AF Adair, ER Petersen, RC TI Biological effects of radio-frequency/microwave radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE comfort heating of humans; RF/microwave biological effects; RF/microwave exposure; RF/microwave safety; safety standards; specific absorption rate ID 2450 MHZ; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; MICE PRONE; LONG-TERM; 900 MHZ; EXPOSURE; MICROWAVES; ENERGY; THRESHOLDS AB Over the past 50 years, significant advances have been made in the characterization of radio-frequency/microwave (RF/MW) fields (3 kHz-300 GHz) and energy absorption, as well as in the quantification of biological responses of organisms exposed to this kind of electromagnetic energy. The known biological effects and hazards have been demonstrated to be largely thermal in nature. This paper reviews key developments in experimental and theoretical dosimetry, as well as confirmed biological effects that have formed the basis of ever more sophisticated human-exposure standards generated through the IEEE consensus process. It also suggests some potential benefits to mankind of systems based on the thermogenic character of RF/MW energy absorption. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Bell Labs, Environm Hlth & Safety Ctr, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Adair, ER (reprint author), 50 Deepwood Dr, Hamden, CT 06517 USA. NR 59 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 953 EP 962 AR PII S0018-9480(02)01962-2 DI 10.1109/22.989978 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 532CR UT WOS:000174454500035 ER PT J AU Cario, MC Clifford, JJ Hill, RR Yang, JW Yang, KJ Reilly, CH AF Cario, MC Clifford, JJ Hill, RR Yang, JW Yang, KJ Reilly, CH TI An investigation of the relationship between problem characteristics and algorithm performance: a case study of the GAP SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM; KNAPSACK-PROBLEMS; SINGLE-MACHINE AB We compare synthetic Generalized Assignment Problems (GAP) generated under two correlation-induction strategies: Implicit Correlation Induction (ICI) and Explicit Correlation Induction (ECI). We present computational results for two commercially-available solvers and four heuristics on 590 test problems. We conclude that the solvers' performances degrade as the population correlation between the objective function and capacity constraint coefficients decreases. However, the heuristics' performances improved as the absolute value of the same population correlation increases. We find that problems generated under ECI are more challenging than problems generated under ICI and may lead to a better understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the solution methods being evaluated. We recommend that one consider the purpose (s) of an experiment and types of solution procedures to be evaluated when determining what types of test problems to generate. C1 USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Delphi Packard Elect Syst, Global Distribut & Lean Mat Flow, Youngstown, OH 44505 USA. Ctr Naval Anal, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. LG EDS Syst Inc, Consulting Div, Supply Chain Solut Team, Seoul, South Korea. IBM Supply Chain Optimizat Grp, W Chester, PA 19380 USA. E-Markets Grp, W Chester, PA 19380 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Hill, RR (reprint author), USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ray.Hill@afit.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0740-817X EI 1545-8830 J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 297 EP 312 DI 10.1080/07408170208928871 PG 16 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 480WH UT WOS:000171486000008 ER PT J AU Ebert, DL Olivier, KN AF Ebert, DL Olivier, KN TI Nontuberculous mycobacteria in cystic fibrosis SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AVIUM-INTRACELLULARE COMPLEX; INTERFERON-GAMMA; LUNG-DISEASE; PULMONARY-DISEASE; ABSCESSUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; TUBERCULOSIS; PATIENT; TRANSPLANTATION; MICROBIOLOGY AB Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) increasingly are recognized as pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis. The diagnosis of NTM can be difficult in these patients, who have chronic pulmonary infections and underlying lung disease. Current diagnostic and treatment guidelines for NTM pulmonary disease are based on data from noncystic fibrosis patients. This article reviews the cystic fibrosis and noncystic fibrosis literature and offers recommendations specific to this population. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Olivier, KN (reprint author), 759th MSGS,MCCP,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 221 EP + DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00053-9 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 540NG UT WOS:000174934600010 PM 11917814 ER PT J AU Mendiratta, MG Parthasarathy, TA Dimiduk, DM AF Mendiratta, MG Parthasarathy, TA Dimiduk, DM TI Oxidation behavior of alpha Mo-Mo3Si-Mo5SiB2 (T2) three phase system SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum silicides; oxidation; aero-engine components ID SILICIDES AB The cyclic oxidation kinetics and microstructures of the oxide scales have been investigated from 600 to 1400 degreesC on compositions within the three phase field alphaMo-Mo3Si-Mo5SiB2. From 600 to 750degreesC, the oxidation behavior is controlled by increasing volatilization Of MoO3 with increasing temperature and, consequently there is no oxidation protection. From 800 to 900 degreesC, the kinetics show a rapid transient weight loss due to MoO3 Volatilization and, a steady state weight loss associated with the formation of a porous outer borosilicate scale and continuous escape Of MoO3. At and above 1000 degreesC, the oxide scale consists of relatively solid and well adherent outer SiO2 scale and an inner reaction zone consisting of alphaMo and SiO2 phases. In the temperature regime 10001300 degreesC, there is a high degree of oxidation protection characterized by low transient- and steady-state weight losses. The overall oxidation behavior is governed by a competition between volatilization of Mo and the passivation provided by formation of borosilicate glass scale. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Mendiratta, MG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 17 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAR PY 2002 VL 10 IS 3 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(01)00118-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 521LY UT WOS:000173842500002 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AM Barberis, D Molton, P Delery, J AF Mitchell, AM Barberis, D Molton, P Delery, J TI Control of leading-edge vortex breakdown by trailing edge injection SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL NORFOLK, VIRGINIA ID LOCATION AB The goal of this research is the control of the vortex breakdown locations over sharp-edged, slender, delta wings at high angles of attack. Water tunnel tests of a 75-deg delta wing examined symmetric and asymmetric trailing-edge jet injection as a method to control and delay the leading-edge vortex breakdown locations. These tests were accomplished at angles of attack between 20 and 40 deg at freestream velocities of 10 and 20 cm/s. Flow visualization data provide a description of the leading-edge vortices and of the vortex breakdown locations. The results demonstrate the ability of symmetric and asymmetric trailing-edge jet injection to control the leading-edge vortex breakdown locations. However, elevated trailing-edge injection mass flow rates create dramatic negative influences and accelerate vortex breakdown, especially for asymmetric flow control cases. C1 Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Fundamental & Expt Aerodynam Dept, F-92190 Meudon, France. RP Mitchell, AM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, HQ USAFA, DFAN, 2354 Fairchild Dr Suite F649, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.2514/2.2942 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 540KC UT WOS:000174927300004 ER PT J AU Tankersley, MS Walker, RL Butler, WK Hagan, LL Napoli, DC Freeman, TM AF Tankersley, MS Walker, RL Butler, WK Hagan, LL Napoli, DC Freeman, TM TI Safety and efficacy of an imported fire ant rush immunotherapy protocol with and without prophylactic treatment SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE imported fire ant; whole body extract; Hymenoptera; immunotherapy ID RAPID VENOM IMMUNOTHERAPY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; HYMENOPTERA VENOM; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; STING ALLERGY; PRETREATMENT; HYPERSENSITIVITY; SENSITIVITY; REDUCTION; HISTORY AB Background: Hypersensitivity to the sting of the imported fire ant (IFA) is a growing and significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Conventional immunotherapy with IFA whole body extract (WBE) has been shown to be effective; however, rush immunotherapy (RIT) with IFA WBE has not been studied. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of RIT with IFA WBE and sought to determine whether prophylactic pretreatment with antihistamines and steroids reduces the systemic reaction rate associated with RIT. Methods: Patients with IFA hypersensitivity were randomized to placebo or twice-daily terfenadine 60 mg, ranitidine 150 mg, and prednisone 30 mg initiated 2 days before RIT in a double-blinded study. The 2-day RIT protocol consisted of hourly injections to achieve a final dose of 0.3 mL 1:100 wt/vol. Patients returned on day 8 to receive 2 hourly injections of 0.25 mL 1: 100 wt/vol (total, 0.5 mL) and again on day 15 for a single injection of 0.5 mL 1:100 wt/vol. Efficacy of the protocol was determined on day 22, a pair of IFA sting challenges being performed 2 hours apart. Results: Fifty-nine patients were enrolled into the study; a total of 58 patients (age range, 18 to 49 years) initiated the 2-day RIT. Only 3 patients (5.2%) experienced a mild systemic reaction during the protocol. Among those experiencing a systemic reaction with RIT, there was no statistical difference between the 2 premedication groups (3.6% active and 6.7% placebo, P = .87). Sting challenges were performed on 56 patients for a total of 112+ stings; only 1 mild systemic reaction occurred (efficacy, 98.2%). Conclusion: RIT with IFA WBE for IFA hypersensitivity is both safe and efficacious; the rate of mild systemic reactions is low. Premedication is not necessary, inasmuch as prophylactic pretreatment with antihistamines and steroids did not reduce the systemic reaction rate associated with RIT. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Allergy & Immunol Dept, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Freeman, TM (reprint author), 59th Med Wing,MMIA,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 29 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 109 IS 3 BP 556 EP 562 DI 10.1067/mai.2002.121956 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 534KW UT WOS:000174586400026 PM 11898006 ER PT J AU Rao, PA Velden, CS Braun, SA AF Rao, PA Velden, CS Braun, SA TI The vertical error characteristics of GOES-derived winds: Description and experiments with numerical weather prediction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MESOSCALE MODEL; MOTION WINDS; CLOUD; FORECASTS; CYCLONE; IMPACT; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATIONS AB Errors in the height assignment of some satellite-derived winds exist because the satellites sense radiation emitted from a finite layer of the atmosphere rather than a specific level. Problems in data assimilation may arise because the motion of a measured layer is often represented by a single-level value. In this research, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-derived cloud and water-vapor motion winds are compared with collocated rawinsonde observations (raobs). The satellite winds are compared with the entire profile of the collocated raob data to determine the vertical error characteristics of the satellite winds. These results are then tested in numerical weather prediction. Comparisons with the entire profile of the collocated raobs indicate that clear-air water-vapor winds represent deeper layers than do either infrared or water-vapor cloud-tracked winds. In addition, it is found that if the vertical gradient of moisture is smooth and uniform from near the height assignment upward, the clear-air water-vapor wind tends to represent a deeper layer than if the moisture gradient contains a sharp peak. The information from the comparisons is then used in numerical model simulations of two separate events to test the results. In the first case, the use of the satellite data results in improved storm tracks during the initial similar to24-h forecast period. Mean statistics indicate that the use of satellite winds generally improves the simulation with time. The simulation results suggest that it is beneficial to spread the satellite wind information over multiple levels, particularly when the moisture profile is used to define the vertical influence. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP USAF, HQ AFTAC TMAR, 1030 S Highway A1A, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. EM raoanil@hotmail.com NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 253 EP 271 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0253:TVECOG>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 527WR UT WOS:000174211400005 ER PT J AU Hansen, AR Nastrom, GD Otkin, JA Eaton, FD AF Hansen, AR Nastrom, GD Otkin, JA Eaton, FD TI MST radar observations of gravity waves and turbulence near thunderstorms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SANDS-MISSILE-RANGE; WHITE-SANDS; NEW-MEXICO; DISSIPATION RATES; WIND DISTURBANCES; MU-RADAR; STRATOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY; TROPOSPHERE AB The effect of deep convection on the intensities of gravity waves and turbulence during the summer at White Sands, New Mexico, is investigated using 50-MHz mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) radar observations and surface weather reports. Radar data taken at 3-min intervals from the summers of 1991 through 1996 (with occasional gaps of varying length) are used to construct hourly means, medians, and standard deviations of wind speed, spectral width (sigma(turb)(2)), and backscattered power calibrated as the refractivity turbulence structure constant (C-n(2)). The hourly variance of the vertical velocity sigma(w)(2) is used as an indicator of high-frequency gravity wave intensity. Surface observations taken near the radar site are used to identify periods marked by convection at or near the radar. During cases in which no convection is reported, the median hourly sigma(w)(2) is nearly constant with altitude (about 0.04 m(2) s(-2) below and 0.03 m(2) s(-2) above the tropopause). Values of sigma(w)(2), C-n(2), and sigma(turb)(2) are significantly enhanced from no-convection cases to thunderstorm cases. Largest increases are about 12 dB relative to the no-convection cases at about 11 km for sigma(w)(2), about 9.5 km for sigma(turb)(2), and about 7.5 km for C-n(2). The relatively lower height for the maximum of C-n(2) is likely due to the influence of humidity advected upward during convection on the mean gradient of the refractive index. The probability density distributions of C-n(2) and sigma(turb)(2) near their levels of maximum enhancement are unimodal, with the modes steadily increasing with increasing proximity of convection. However, the probability density distribution of sigma(w)(2) is bimodal in all instances, suggesting that there can be enhanced wave activity even when visible convection is not present and that the presence of a thunderstorm at the station does not necessarily indicate greatly enhanced wave activity. C1 St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Hansen, AR (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 720 4th Ave S, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012 OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0298:MROOGW>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 527WR UT WOS:000174211400008 ER PT J AU Steel, RP Rentsch, JR Hendrix, WH AF Steel, RP Rentsch, JR Hendrix, WH TI Cross-level replication and extension of Steel and Rentsch's (1995) longitudinal absence findings SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absenteeism; longitudinal study; job stress; job satisfaction; job involvement ID ABSENTEEISM; STRATEGIES AB Absenteeism findings published by Steel and Rentsch (1995) were replicated and extended by correlating attitudinal, personal-demographic, and job stress variables with 34 months of work group absenteeism scores obtained on employees of a U.S. federal mint. Attitudinal and job stress results were consistent with previous findings, but results involving personal-demographic variables were not. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Management, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Steel, RP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Management, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0889-3268 J9 J BUS PSYCHOL JI J. Bus. Psychol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 447 EP 456 DI 10.1023/A:1012829125272 PG 10 WC Business; Psychology, Applied SC Business & Economics; Psychology GA 512FM UT WOS:000173310500008 ER PT J AU Duan, XF Burggraf, LW Weeks, DE Davico, GE Schwartz, RL Lineberger, WC AF Duan, XF Burggraf, LW Weeks, DE Davico, GE Schwartz, RL Lineberger, WC TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of Si2C3- and quantum chemistry of the linear Si2C3 cluster and its isomers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL SILICON CLUSTERS; SMALL CARBON CLUSTERS; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; BINDING-ENERGIES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BASIS-SETS; AB-INITIO; SPECTRA; ANIONS AB The 364 nm photoelectron spectrum of Si2C3- is reported, together with high level ab initio calculations of the linear anion, and six linear and eight nonlinear structures of the neutral Si2C3. The adiabatic electron affinity of Si2C3, corresponding to the transition from the linear anion to the lowest electronic state of the linear singlet neutral, is found to be 1.766+/-0.012 eV. Theoretical results were essential for interpreting the spectrum. The level of theory necessary to accurately describe the electronic structure of Si2C3 cluster isomers is presented and discussed. Several vibration frequencies for the neutral linear structure are obtained from the spectra and compared to results from different levels of theory. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Duan, XF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 9 BP 3601 EP 3611 DI 10.1063/1.11427709 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 522GT UT WOS:000173888400009 ER PT J AU Arvidson, L Schulze, J Simmer, JP Carnes, D MacDougall, M AF Arvidson, L Schulze, J Simmer, JP Carnes, D MacDougall, M TI Characterization of bone resorption factors during periodontal tissue formation: Effects of Emdogain on their expression. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 3231 BP A400 EP A400 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024703201 ER PT J AU Bogart, RK Wright, EW Dunn, WJ Mcdaniel, RJ Hunter, C Peterson, AL AF Bogart, RK Wright, EW Dunn, WJ Mcdaniel, RJ Hunter, C Peterson, AL TI Efficacy of group Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for temporomandibular disorder(TMD) patients. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 3907 BP A478 EP A478 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024703873 ER PT J AU Casey, J Wright, E Dunn, W McDaniel, R AF Casey, J Wright, E Dunn, W McDaniel, R TI Wear rates of occlusal orthotic device materials. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 1219 BP A170 EP A170 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024701205 ER PT J AU Cathey, EL Dunn, WJ AF Cathey, EL Dunn, WJ TI Influence of smokeless tobacco on the bond strength of resin-based composite to enamel. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 0353 BP A70 EP A70 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024700352 ER PT J AU Ehland, H Sylvia, VL Dean, DD Schwartz, Z Boyan, BD AF Ehland, H Sylvia, VL Dean, DD Schwartz, Z Boyan, BD TI ERK1/2 is involved in mediating the effect of 1a,25(OH)2D3 on growth zone chondrocytes. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Fac Dent Med, Jerusalem, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 4123 BP A503 EP A503 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024704087 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, R Kim, KH Zhu, X Cavin, R Ong, J AF Rodriguez, R Kim, KH Zhu, X Cavin, R Ong, J TI Osteoblast responses to anodized titanium surfaces in vitro. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 1352 BP A185 EP A185 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024701338 ER PT J AU Tandy, E Lohmann, CH Dean, DD Sylvia, VL Cochran, DL Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z AF Tandy, E Lohmann, CH Dean, DD Sylvia, VL Cochran, DL Boyan, BD Schwartz, Z TI Estrogen modulates female human cisteoblast response to surface topography. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Hadassah Hosp & Med Sch, Fac Med Dent, Jerusalem, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 2900 BP A362 EP A362 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024702872 ER PT J AU Townsend, R Dunn, WJ AF Townsend, R Dunn, WJ TI The effect of saliva contamination on the bond strength of resin composite to dentin with a sixth generation adhesive system. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 2611 BP A328 EP A328 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024702584 ER PT J AU Callaway, EC Sweet, CF Siegel, E Reiser, JM Beall, DP AF Callaway, EC Sweet, CF Siegel, E Reiser, JM Beall, DP TI Speech recognition interface to a hospital information system using a self-designed visual basic program: Initial experience SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE computer; speech recognition; picture archiving and communication systems; interface; composite health-care system ID VOICE RECOGNITION; RADIOLOGY; IMPLEMENTATION AB Speech recognition (SR) in the radiology department setting is viewed as a method of decreasing overhead expenses by reducing or eliminating transcription services and improving care by reducing report turnaround times incurred by transcription backlogs. The purpose of this study was to show the ability to integrate off-the-shelf speech recognition software into a Hospital Information System in 3 types of military medical facilities using the Windows programming language Visual Basic 6.0 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA). Report turnaround times and costs were calculated for a medium-sized medical teaching facility, a medium-sized nonteaching facility, and a medical clinic. Results of speech recognition versus contract transcription services were assessed between July and December, 2000. In the teaching facility, 2,042 reports were dictated on 2 computers equipped with the speech recognition program, saving a total of US $3,319 in transcription costs. Turnaround times were calculated for 4 first-year radiology residents in 4 imaging categories. Despite requiring 2 separate electronic signatures, we achieved an average reduction in turnaround time from 15.7 hours to 4.7 hours. In the nonteaching facility, 26,600 reports were dictated with average turnaround time improving from 89 hours for transcription to 19 hours for speech recognition saving US $45,500 over the same 6 months. The medical clinic generated 5,109 reports for a cost savings of US $10,650. Total cost to implement this speech recognition was approximately US $3,000 per workstation, mostly for hardware. It is possible to design and implement an affordable speech recognition system without a large-scale expensive commercial solution. C1 David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. SGSAR, Tinker AFB, OK USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Sisters Charity Hosp, Diagnost Imaging Associates, Buffalo, NY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Callaway, EC (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, 60th MDG-SGQX,101 Boding Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD MAR PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1007/s10278-001-0007-y PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 569YR UT WOS:000176631300007 PM 12134214 ER PT J AU Brockway, JH Carlson, KA Jones, SK Bryant, FB AF Brockway, JH Carlson, KA Jones, SK Bryant, FB TI Development and validation of a scale for measuring cynical attitudes toward college SO JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COVARIANCE-STRUCTURES; PERSONALITY; INDEXES; MODEL; FIT AB The purpose of this research was to develop and validate a new measure of undergraduate student cynicism-the Cynical Attitudes Toward College Scale (CATCS). In Study 1, the authors split data collected from 1,049 students representing 3 diverse college populations into development and confirmation samples. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the authors (a) developed an 18-item measurement model reflecting 4 reliable dimensions of student cynicism-policy, academic, social, and institutional; (b) demonstrated cross-sample generalizability; and (c) established convergent and discriminant validity. In Study 2, the authors showed the CATCS's ability to discriminate among diverse groups of students predicted to differ on the 4 subscales as well as to predict future academic outcomes. Practical applications of the CATCS are discussed. C1 USAF Acad, DFBL, HQ USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Psychiat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Carlson, KA (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFBL, HQ USAFA, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6L101B, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-0663 J9 J EDUC PSYCHOL JI J. Educ. Psychol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 210 EP 224 DI 10.1037//0022-0663.94.1.210 PG 15 WC Psychology, Educational SC Psychology GA 536ZJ UT WOS:000174731500019 ER PT J AU Estevadeordal, J Gogineni, S Goss, L Copenhaver, W Gorrell, S AF Estevadeordal, J Gogineni, S Goss, L Copenhaver, W Gorrell, S TI Study of wake-blade interactions in a transonic compressor using flow visualization and DPIV SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FAN; VELOCIMETRY; PERFORMANCE; ROTOR; STAGE AB Flow-field interactions are studied in a high-through-flow, axial-flow transonic compressor using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV). Measurement of instantaneous velocities in two-dimensional (2D) planes in the main flow direction allows characterization of the unsteadiness of spatial structures from an upstream blade row and their interaction with the downstream rotor. The measurement system is specially designed for a large transonic environment, which introduces conditions that differ from those generally encountered by traditional DPIV systems. Viewing windows on the compressor housing are used to allow optical access, and the design of a special optical probe permits laser-sheet delivery, through one of the wake generators (WG). The system is synchronized with the blade passage and is remotely monitored and controlled. Through flow visualization and instantaneous and ensemble-averaged quantities, it clearly captures the interactions of the wake with the potential field of the rotor leading edge (LE) and its bow shock, vortex shedding, vortex-blade synchronization, wake chopping, and boundary-layer flow at the housing for several configurations. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRTF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Estevadeordal, J (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.1115/1.1429638 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 547KJ UT WOS:000175331300020 ER PT J AU Adams, BJ Maves, RC AF Adams, BJ Maves, RC TI Radiographic identification using the clavicle of an individual missing from the Vietnam conflict SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; radiographic (X-ray) comparison; clavicle; forensic anthropology; digital technology; Vietnam; CILHI ID UNKNOWN HUMAN REMAINS; POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION; POSTMORTEM RADIOGRAPHS; SINUS; ANTEMORTEM; PATTERN AB A case is reported in which radiographic comparison of a clavicle was used to establish the identification of a civilian missing from the Vietnam conflict. While the use of radiographic comparison of skeletal features is not a newly developed technique for personal identification purposes, this case outlines a unique set of circumstances surrounding the disappearance of an individual during the Vietnam conflict and his eventual identification. A radiographic comparison of a right clavicle was critical in the identification process of this individual almost 34 years after he was reported missing. The use of digital technology for radiographic comparison greatly facilitated the process. C1 USA, CILHI, Hickman AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Adams, BJ (reprint author), USA, CILHI, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickman AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 369 EP 373 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 526DP UT WOS:000174113900022 PM 11908610 ER PT J AU Doman, DB Ngo, AD AF Doman, DB Ngo, AD TI Dynamic inversion-based adaptive/reconfigurable control of the X-33 on ascent SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB A quaternion-based attitude control system is developed for the X-33 in the ascent flight phase. A nonlinear control law commands body-axis rotation rates that align the angular velocity vector with an Euler axis defining the axis of rotation that will rotate the body-axis system into a desired-axis system. The magnitudes of the commanded body rates are determined by the magnitude of the rotation error. The commanded body rates form the input to a dynamic inversion-based adaptive/reconfigurable control law. The indirect adaptive control portion of the control law uses online system identification to estimate the current control effectiveness matrix to update a control allocation module. The control allocation nominally operates in a minimum deflection mode; however, if a fault is detected, it can operate in a null-space injection mode that excites and decorrelates the effectors without degrading the vehicle response to enable online system identification. The overall system is designed to provide fault and damage tolerance for the X-33 on ascent. The baseline control law is based on a full envelope design philosophy and eliminates trajectory-dependent gain scheduling that is typically found on this type of vehicle. Results are shown to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Doman, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.2514/2.4879 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 530ZB UT WOS:000174388700011 ER PT J AU Yeh, HH Nelson, E Sparks, A AF Yeh, HH Nelson, E Sparks, A TI Nonlinear tracking control for satellite formations SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB A tracking control design using sliding mode techniques is derived to control a desired satellite formation. Hill's relative motion equations are used to model the follower satellite motion relative to the leader. To minimize fuel usage required to maintain the formation, each satellite is constrained to reside near a natural orbit. Control forces are applied only to maintain the desired relative motion by, correcting for initial offsets and perturbation effects that tend to disperse the formation. These perturbations include effects due to Earth asphericity, atmospheric drag, and third-body effects from the sun and moon. Parametric equations describing the member satellites' relative motion with respect to the leader satellite are essential in this design. The control law is modified to account for discontinuous nature of the control forces available with the satellite propulsive thrusters. Numerical simulations using a high-fidelity, nonlinear model demonstrate the control law performance for the full nonlinear dynamics with high-order perturbations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Control Theory Optimizat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yeh, HH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Theory Optimizat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 376 EP 386 DI 10.2514/2.4892 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 530ZB UT WOS:000174388700023 ER PT J AU Wang, XF Wood, AW AF Wang, XF Wood, AW TI Existence and nonexistence of entire positive solutions of semilinear elliptic systems SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE entire solution; semilinear elliptic system AB We show that entire positive solutions exist for the semilinear elliptic system Deltau = p(x)v(alpha), Deltav = q(x)u(beta) on R-N, N greater than or equal to 3, for positive a and 6, provided that the nonnegative functions p and q are continuous and satisfy appropriate decay conditions at infinity. We also show that entire solutions fail to exist if the functions p and q are of slow decay. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, ENC, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, XF (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 267 IS 1 BP 361 EP 368 DI 10.1006/jmaa.2001.7784 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 527AW UT WOS:000174163400023 ER PT J AU Strakey, PA Talley, DG Tseng, LK Miner, KI AF Strakey, PA Talley, DG Tseng, LK Miner, KI TI Effects of liquid-oxygen post biasing on SSME injector wall compatibility SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB An experimental investigation has been carried out to examine the effects of liquid-oxygen (LOX) post biasing of a shear coaxial injector on the behavior of the spray near a chamber wall. The experimental work was performed with inert propellant simulants in a high-pressure chamber. Injector flow rates and chamber pressure were designed to match the space-shuttle-main-engine (SSME) injector gas-to-liquid density and velocity ratio at the point of propellant injection. Measurements of liquid mass-flux, gas-phase velocity, and droplet size were made using mechanical patternation and phase Doppler interferometry techniques. The measurements revealed that the liquid mass-flux distribution shifts away from the wall with increasing LOX postbias away from the wall. The shift in the liquid flux distribution was much greater than that caused by the angling of the LOX post alone. Gas velocity near the wall simultaneously increased with increasing LOX post bias away from the wall. The increase in wall-side gas velocity was caused by the higher fraction of gas injected on the wall side of the injector as a result of the eccentricity at the injector exit. The net result was a decrease in mixture ratio near the wall. Estimates of heat transfer and engine performance relative to the unbiased case are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRSA, Edwards Air Force Base, CA 93524 USA. Boeing Rocketdyne Prop & Power, Canoga Pk, CA 91309 USA. RP Strakey, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRSA, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards Air Force Base, CA 93524 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.2514/2.5954 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 532QV UT WOS:000174487300003 ER PT J AU Talley, DG Coy, EB AF Talley, DG Coy, EB TI Constant volume limit of pulsed propulsion for a constant gamma ideal gas SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 36th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE AB The constant volume (CV) limit of pulsed propulsion is explored theoretically, where the combustion chamber is approximated as being time varying but spatially uniform, and the nozzle flow is approximated as being one dimensional but quasi steady. Isentropic blowdown of a constant gamma ideal gas is assumed. Notably all of the fixed expansion ratio results can be expressed as analytical solutions. Using an appropriately selected fixed expansion ratio nozzle was found not to result in more than a 3% performance penalty over using a variable expansion ratio nozzle optimized at all times for the instantaneous ratio of chamber to ambient pressure. It was also found that an optimized CV device produces more impulse than an optimized constant pressure device operating at the fill pressure of the CV device, for all ambient pressures except in a vacuum. However, the latter conclusion applies to optimum expansion ratios, which are infinite in a vacuum. Caution is required in applying the latter conclusion to the finite expansion ratios of real devices. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Aerophys Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Talley, DG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aerophys Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 3 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 400 EP 406 DI 10.2514/2.5948 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 532QV UT WOS:000174487300024 ER PT J AU Gogineni, S Shouse, D Frayne, C Stutrud, J Sturgess, G AF Gogineni, S Shouse, D Frayne, C Stutrud, J Sturgess, G TI Combustion air jet influence on primary zone characteristics for gas-turbine combustors SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID LEAN BLOWOUT RESEARCH AB Results are presented of emissions and lean blowout measurements in a generic combustor primary zone of an aircraft gas-turbine engine for the effects of opposed, circular combustion air jets of a range of sizes, positioned half a dome height downstream from the dome. The primary zone was operated at simulated engine high-power conditions and representative dome and liner pressure drops. Most of the NO, is generated in the jets. Although an optimum jet size is identified, the lowest overall emissions resulted from a no-combustion air-jet configuration; air jets are necessary, however, to confer lean blowout stability and short flame length. C1 Syst Res Labs Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Aero Prop & Power Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Gogineni, S (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 407 EP 416 DI 10.2514/2.5949 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 532QV UT WOS:000174487300025 ER PT J AU Cecconi, BT Koeppen, RG Phoenix, RD Cecconi, ML AF Cecconi, BT Koeppen, RG Phoenix, RD Cecconi, ML TI Casting titanium partial denture frameworks: A radiographic evaluation SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID POROSITY; PRESSURE AB Statement of problem. Titanium is the most biocompatible metal available for dental castings. However, there is some concern about the castability of titanium used on a daily basis. Purpose. A radiographic evaluation of titanium partial denture frameworks was undertaken to ascertain whether these castings were technically acceptable for clinical use. Material and methods. Three hundred Grade II titanium removable partial denture frameworks were cast in a Titec 205M casting machine. All materials were used as directed by the manufacturer, and all castings were made by an experienced titanium specialist, Each casting was evaluated by radiograph. Based on the number, location, and size of argon inclusions, the frameworks were rated as follows: technically acceptable for clinical use as cast; technically acceptable after laser welding modifications; or unacceptable as cast, with remake necessary. Results. Of the 300 titanium frameworks cast, 97% were rated technically acceptable for clinical use in terms of castability. Summary. Within the limitations of this radiographic evaluation, it was determined that the castability of titanium was such that technically acceptable castings could be made on a daily basis. C1 Dent Int Inc, Technol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, USAF Prosthet Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Removable Partial Denture Div, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Cecconi, ML (reprint author), Dent Int Inc, Technol, 2040 Babcock,Suite 307, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 87 IS 3 BP 277 EP 280 DI 10.1067/mpr.2002.122275 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 542NL UT WOS:000175050100006 PM 11941354 ER PT J AU Bromaghim, DR LeDuc, JR Salasovich, RM Spanjers, GG Fife, JM Dulligan, MJ Schilling, JH White, DC Johnson, LK AF Bromaghim, DR LeDuc, JR Salasovich, RM Spanjers, GG Fife, JM Dulligan, MJ Schilling, JH White, DC Johnson, LK TI Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) on-orbit results SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Electric Propulsion Space Experiment was launched and successfully operated, demonstrating the compatibility and readiness of a 26-kW ammonia arcjet subsystem for satellite applications. The Electric Propulsion Space Experiment is one of nine experiments on the U.S. Air Force's Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite. Data were acquired to characterize the thruster in four different areas: electromagnetic interactions, contamination effects, optical properties of the plume, and thruster system performance. The results demonstrated that the critical system components including the arcjet, power processor, and propellant system operated well and verified the interoperability of high-power electric propulsion with generic satellite operations. C1 US Air Force Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, CA 93524 USA. Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Bromaghim, DR (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, CA 93524 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.2514/2.3817 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 541BV UT WOS:000174966100003 ER PT J AU Dunn, WJ Bush, AC AF Dunn, WJ Bush, AC TI A comparison of polymerization by light-emitting diode and halogen-based light-curing units SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PRIVATE DENTAL OFFICES; COMPOSITE RESINS; CURE; DEPTH; INTENSITY AB Background. Light-emitting diode, or LED, technology provides certain advantages over halogen-based light polymerization of resin-based composites. The authors investigated the adequacy of cure of LED light-curing units, 1 or LCUs. Methods. The authors used two halogen-based lightcuring units (Optilux 400 and 501, Demetron Research Corp., Danbury, Conn.) and two commercially available LED LCUs (LumaCure, LumaLite, Spring Valley, Calif., and VersaLux, Centrix, Shelton, Conn.) to polymerize top surfaces of hybrid (Filtek Z-250, 3M, St. Paul, Minn.) and microfilled (Renamel, Cosmedent, Chicago) resin-based composite specimens. Specimens were indented on their top and bottom surfaces with a Knoop hardness tester and measured for hardness. Bottom:top hardness ratios determined the percentage of cure. The authors separated the data into eight groups (two composites cured with four different lights) with 15 observations per group, for a total sample size of 120, Results. The authors compared composites and curing lights by a two-way analysis of variance, and results indicated significant main effects. The main effect of composite was statistically significant (P < .0001) when microfilled composite was compared with hybrid composite, regardless of curing light, for all top d b h d an ottom ar ness measurements, with the hybrid producing much higher hardness measurements overall. The main effect of light was significant as well (P <.0001), regardless of composite type, with the two halogen-based lights producing harder top and bottom composite surfaces than the two LED LCUs. l i Th l Conc us ons. e ight output of commercially available diodes for resin-based composite polymerization still requires improvement to rival the adequacy of cure of halogen-based LCUs. Additional studies are necessary. Clinical Implications. Commercially available LED LCUs were introduced just in the past year. However they may not ade, quately polymerize resin-based composites, which can lead to restoration failures and adverse pulpal responses to unpolymerized monomers. C1 Dept Gen Dent, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), Dept Gen Dent, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 26 TC 76 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 133 IS 3 BP 335 EP 341 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 533GL UT WOS:000174521000018 PM 11934189 ER PT J AU Propst, AM Quade, BJ Nowak, RA Stewart, EA AF Propst, AM Quade, BJ Nowak, RA Stewart, EA TI Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in adenomyosis and autologous endometrium SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE adenomyosis; endometrium; GM-CSF; macrophage ID FACTOR GM-CSF; UTERINE EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ALPHA-RECEPTOR; BETA-RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; LOCALIZATION; CYTOKINES; TISSUES; PROTEIN AB OBJECTIVE: Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been related to macrophage recruitment and activation and has been identified in the human endometrium. We determined whether adenomyosis expresses GM-CSF, and if present, compared GM-CSF protein expression in adenomyosis with that in autologous endometrium. METHODS: We examined,ectopic and eutopic endometrium from 16 premenopausal women who had hysterectomies for abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, or uterine prolapse. Serial sections of premenopausal uteri containing endometrium and adenomyosis mere analyzed by immunohistochemistry), for GM-CSF ligand and receptor and CD68 macrophages. We analyzed tire intensity of staining for GM-CSF ligand and receptor and macrophages in the glandular epithelium and stroma of adenomyosis and autologous endometrium. RESULTS: The GM-CSF ligand localized primarily in the glandular epithelium and myometrium with only light stromal staining. Staining for GM-CSF ligand was significantly higher in adenomyotic glands compared with autologous endometrial glands (P = .002), especially dining tire secretory phase of the menstrual Cycle. There were no statistical differences in tire amount and intensity of staining of the GM-CSF receptor in adenomyosis and autologous endometrium. Adenomyotic tissue contained significantly snore macrophage than matched autologous endometrium (P = .0004). CONCLUSIONS: Adenomybtic glandular epithelium had greater expression of tire GM-CSF ligand compared with autologous endometrium from premenopausal women, which indicates that GM-CSF may play a role in increasing the levels of activated macrophages in women with adenomyosis. Copyright (C) 2002 by the Society for Gynecologic Investigation. C1 Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Reprod Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Propst, AM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, MMNO, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-72594]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-115301] NR 19 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1071-5576 J9 J SOC GYNECOL INVEST JI J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 93 EP 97 AR PII S1071-5576(01)00160-5 DI 10.1016/S1071-5576(01)00160-5 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 540BZ UT WOS:000174909800008 PM 11963838 ER PT J AU Barrier, BF Sharpe-Timms, KL AF Barrier, BF Sharpe-Timms, KL TI Expression of soluble adhesion molecules in sera of women with stage III and IV endometriosis SO JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Gynecologic-Investigation CY MAR 10-13, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Soc Gynecol Invest DE endometriosis; soluble cell adhesion molecules; VCAM-1; ICAM-1; E-selectin; serum; marker ID PERITONEAL-FLUID; STROMAL CELLS; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of stage III and IV endometriosis on serum concentration of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. METHODS: Sera from women with laparoscopically proved stage III and IV endometriosis were analyzed for the presence of soluble ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Concentrations of these molecules were compared with those of laparoscopically proven disease-free controls. RESULTS: When compared with controls, women with stage III and IV endometriosis had higher serum concentrations of soluble VCAM-1, lower serum concentration of soluble ICAM-1, and no difference in serum concentration of soluble E-selectin. CONCLUSION: Significant aberrations in levels of circulating adhesion molecules were found in women with sage III and IV endometriosis. These findings might shed light on the pathogenesis of endometriosis and be useful in the development of biochemical markers for disease stage. Copyright (C) 2002 by the Society for Gynecologic Investigation. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Columbia, MO USA. RP Barrier, BF (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1071-5576 J9 J SOC GYNECOL INVEST JI J. Soc. Gynecol. Invest. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 98 EP 101 AR PII S1071-5576(01)00158-7 DI 10.1016/S1071-5576(01)00158-7 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 540BZ UT WOS:000174909800009 PM 11963839 ER PT J AU Harris, JW AF Harris, JW TI The American urban West: 20th-century cities in the Gateway region SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geography, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Harris, JW (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geography, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009, MANHATTAN, KS 66505-1009 USA SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD SPR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2 BP 20 EP 29 PG 10 WC History SC History GA 540KF UT WOS:000174927600005 ER PT J AU Jogai, B AF Jogai, B TI Influence of the cap layer on the Gibbs free energy above a layer of buried InGaAs islands SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; GAAS(100); GROWTH AB The Gibbs free energy above a layer of buried InxGal-x As islands embedded in a GaAs cap layer is calculated as a function of the cap thickness and mole fraction of the dots. The model is based oil a three-dimensional calculation of the elastic strain within the continuum elastic theory. A surface map of the Gibbs free energy due to strain variations is a useful guide ill understanding the vertical ordering of dots as well as cooperative nucleation in the lateral direction. The calculated results have implications for determining how thick a cap layer can be before preferential nucleation above a layer of buried stressors ceases. Additionally, the Gibbs potential depth is estimated for varying In composition of the buried pyramidal stressors. It is found that even a slight change in the shape of the island can influence the degree of screening that the GaAs cup exerts oil the Gibbs potential. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Jogai, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE,, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 544 EP 547 DI 10.1116/1.1450592 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 544PH UT WOS:000175168800007 ER PT J AU Pettit, CL Jones, NP Ghanem, R AF Pettit, CL Jones, NP Ghanem, R TI Detection and simulation of roof-corner pressure transients SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE intermittent time series; wavelet transform; transient detection; pattern classification ID WAVELET AB Many practical time series, including pressure signals measured on roof-corners of low-rise buildings in quartering winds, consist of relatively quiescent periods interrupted by intermittent transients. The dyadic wavelet transform is used to detect these transients in pressure time series and a relatively simple pattern classification scheme is used to detect underlying structure in these transients. Statistical analysis of the resulting pattern classes yields a library of signal building blocks, which are useful for detailed characterization of transients inherent to the signals being analyzed. Probability density functions describing the arrival intervals and characteristics of the detected transients are used to synthesize time series that mimic the intermittency of the original signal. In addition, the signal that remains when the detected transients are removed from the original signal is examined to suggest appropriate models for the background noise in the intermittent signal. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Pettit, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010; Jones, Nicholas/A-2328-2010; Ghanem, Roger/B-8570-2008 OI Ghanem, Roger/0000-0002-1890-920X NR 31 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 90 IS 3 BP 171 EP 200 AR PII S0167-5105(01)00192-1 DI 10.1016/S0167-6105(01)00192-1 PG 30 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 541TC UT WOS:000174999500003 ER PT J AU Lai, D Hamby, GW AF Lai, D Hamby, GW TI East meets West: An ancient game sheds new light on US-Asian strategic relations SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEFENSE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article AB It is widely shared that Pacific Asia is emerging as the powerhouse of the 21st century. This region has the enduring Sinic culture that holds profound philosophical, political, arid strategic thoughts that set the nations in this region apart from the rest of the world community, especially the US-led West. The United States seeks to establish a strategic edge arid productive relations with the nations in this region. For this foreign policy to bear fruit, the United States must, among other things, follow Sun Zi's advice to learn more about Asian society. In one particular aspect, the United States will be better served to supplement its traditional Western approach, one that is under the influence of poker- and chess-like logic, with a wei qi-based Asian strategy of international relations. A little knowledge of the ancient board game wei qi will take US national leaders a long way in achieving the US foreign policy objectives. The game of wei qi is a significant part of ninny Asian cultures and greatly influences their geopolitical thinking and behavior. It bears striking resemblance to international relations acid warfare. The wei qi-based strategy to international affairs follows clearly an Asian way that emphasizes the interplay of yin and yang. It also exemplifies the Chinese military classics to a remarkable extent. The wei qi concept is not available in Western military strategic thought and literature. It is, after all, a different game. C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN INST DEFENSE ANALYSES PI SEOUL PA OFFICE RESEARCH COOPERATION, PO BOX 250,, SEOUL 130-650, SOUTH KOREA SN 1016-3271 J9 KOREAN J DEF ANAL JI Korean J. Def. Anal. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 SI SI BP 247 EP 275 PG 29 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 534DF UT WOS:000174568800011 ER PT J AU Vassiliev, SV Kuzmina, MA Basiev, TT Hager, GD AF Vassiliev, SV Kuzmina, MA Basiev, TT Hager, GD TI Numerical Modeling of the intracavity optically pumped mid-infrared molecular laser SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The intra-cavity optically pumped molecular laser has been studied by the computer simulation methods. The mathematical model of the laser was developed on a basis of the rate equations for the laser active mediums and the transport equations for the radiation. The theoretical possibility of the effective laser operation was demonstrated and the basic requirements to the laser cavity parameters were determined. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Laser Mat & Technol Res Ctr, Moscow 117942, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Laser Concepts, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Vassiliev, SV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Laser Mat & Technol Res Ctr, Ul Vavilova 38,Block D, Moscow 117942, Russia. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 533 EP 540 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 538NV UT WOS:000174822800003 ER PT J AU Li, XZ Marks, LD Maciejewski, J Fehrenbacher, L Zabinski, J O'Neill, J AF Li, XZ Marks, LD Maciejewski, J Fehrenbacher, L Zabinski, J O'Neill, J TI Stable quasicrystalline phase in Al-Cu-Fe-Cr coating materials SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DECAGONAL QUASI-CRYSTAL; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; KAPPA-PHASE; APPROXIMANT; ALLOYS; NI; CLUSTER AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies have been carried out on magnetron-sputtered coatings in the Al-rich region of the Al-Cu-Fe-Cr quasicrystalline phase field, focusing on the composition that exhibited the best tribological performance among a group of sputtered coatings. The size of the particles in the as-deposited coating is around 10 nm. The TEM experiments on annealed coatings (450 degreesC for 6 hours + 400 degreesC for 7 hours) revealed that the material is composed of a decagonal quasicrystalline phase with a periodicity of 1.24 urn along the unique axis and a hexagonal crystalline phase, with a = 2.48 nm and c = 1.24 nm. These results show that a thermodynamically stable quasicrystalline phase exists in the Al-Cu-Fe-Cr alloy system, in addition to previously reported microcrystalline structures and orthorhombic and monoclinic approximants. The hexagonal phase is a crystalline approximant of the decagonal phase, structurally related to hexagonal crystalline phases previously reported in Al-Mn and Al-Cr-Ni quasicrystalline alloys. C1 Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Technol Assessment & Transfer Inc, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. AFRL, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Li, XZ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RI Marks, Laurence/B-7527-2009 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 675 EP 679 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0129-y PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564TA UT WOS:000176328600022 ER PT J AU Keeler, MJA AF Keeler, MJA TI Genocide: Prevention through nonmilitary measures SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Keeler, MJA (reprint author), USAF, Mil Justice Div, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 171 BP 135 EP 191 PG 57 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 546FQ UT WOS:000175263100003 ER PT J AU Hartsell, JE AF Hartsell, JE TI Desertion SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Hartsell, JE (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 50, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 171 BP 200 EP 210 PG 11 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 546FQ UT WOS:000175263100005 ER PT J AU Pollard, MD AF Pollard, MD TI Judgement at Tokyo: The Japanese war crimes trials SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Pollard, MD (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 50, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 171 BP 220 EP 226 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 546FQ UT WOS:000175263100007 ER PT J AU Rehme, PA Williams, R Grabenstein, J AF Rehme, PA Williams, R Grabenstein, J TI Ambulatory medical visits among anthrax-vaccinated and unvaccinated personnel after return from Southwest Asia SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Department of Defense launched a mandatory anthrax immunization program for military personnel in December 1997. This program has been criticized for many reasons, including concern over side effects. This study was designed to give a quick answer to the question of whether vaccinated persons who deployed to southwest Asia were more likely to seek medical care upon their return than their unvaccinated counterparts. The results demonstrated that there was no greater risk for vaccinated persons to have a diagnosis recorded in the Ambulatory Data System (0.96 RR) than unvaccinated persons. In addition, there was no significant increased risk for a recorded diagnosis in any 1 of the 17 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, categories or for 16 specific adverse health conditions. C1 Air Natl Guard, Off Air Surg, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. Anthrax Vaccine Immunizat Program Agcy, Off Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Rehme, PA (reprint author), Headquarters Pacific AF, Off Command Surg, 25 E St,Suite D-1, Hickman AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 3 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DP UT WOS:000181420200006 PM 11901567 ER PT J AU Ruyten, W AF Ruyten, W TI Subpixel localization of synthetic references in digital images by use of an augmented template SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE synthetic references; fiducial marks; normalized correlation; similarity measures; subpixel localization; search template; augmented template ID MACHINE VISION; REGISTRATION; ALGORITHMS; FIDUCIALS; DESIGN; DEVICE AB A new method is presented for the localization of synthetic references (SRs) in digital images based on normalized correlation. An augmented search template is used, which consists not only of occupied pixel fractions of the desired SR, but also of derivatives of these fractions with respects to shifts along the image axes. The resulting correlation values are higher than those based on standard correlation, especially for small SRs and unfavorable subpixel displacements between the template and the scene. The augmented template can also be used to determine the location of the SR to subpixel accuracy. The precision of this determination is affected less by systematic and random error than is the case for centroiding or sampled correlation interpolation, and can be estimated explicitly from the calculated correlation value. Numerical examples are given. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Sverdrup Technol Inc, AEDC Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Sverdrup Technol Inc, AEDC Grp, 690 2nd St, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM wim.ruyten@arnold.af.mil NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1117/1.1447228 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 533AY UT WOS:000174508300011 ER PT J AU Pachter, M Oppenheimer, MW AF Pachter, M Oppenheimer, MW TI Adaptive optics for airborne platforms - Part 1: modeling SO OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; anisoplanatism; atmospheric compensation ID PHASE-EXPANSION COEFFICIENTS; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SPATIAL CORRELATION AB Adaptive optics systems mitigate the atmospheric turbulence-induced distortion of a propagating light wavefront. The use of adaptive optics entails the design of a feedback controller, which requires the development of a model of the plant to be controlled. In adaptive optics, the plant consists of the atmosphere through which light is traveling. Moreover, a distinct feature of the adaptive optics control application is the presence of random signals in the plant. In optics, Zernike orthonormal polynomials are commonly used as a basis set for the expansion of wavefront phase distortions. Due to the atmospheric turbulence-induced random nature of the underlying physical process, the spatial-temporal correlation functions of the Zernike polynomial phase distortion expansion coefficients must be evaluated if a proper stochastic model of the plant is to be developed and adaptive optics is to be employed. In Part 1 of this paper, these correlation functions are developed using a layered atmospheric model and calculations for the first few low-order Zernike modes are performed. Using these correlation functions, an underlying stochastic linear dynamical system, which is adequate for control design, is synthesized. This system models the plant and, in turn, provides the basis for the employment of advanced model-based control and estimation concepts in an adaptive optics system for an airborne platform application. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Veridian Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Room 216,2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-3992 J9 OPT LASER TECHNOL JI Opt. Laser Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 143 EP 158 AR PII S0030-3992(01)00104-9 DI 10.1016/S0030-3992(01)00104-9 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 534RL UT WOS:000174600500007 ER PT J AU Oppenheimer, MW Pachter, M AF Oppenheimer, MW Pachter, M TI Adaptive optics for airborne platforms - Part 2: controller design SO OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; atmospheric compensation; Strehl ratio AB In an airborne platform adaptive optics application, the inbound (beacon) and outbound (high-energy laser) wavefronts propagate through different regions of the atmosphere at different time instants, that is, spatial and temporal anisoplanatism cannot be neglected. Measurements in an airborne platform system are from the inbound (beacon) wavefront and therefore, the outbound, high-energy laser's wavefront phase distortion Zernike expansion coefficients must be estimated. Once the said estimates are available, these values are used by a linear quadratic regulator to drive the actuators of the deformable mirror. The controller, which consists of a Kalman filter estimator in tandem with the regulator, provides commands to the piezoelectric actuators of the deformable mirror. Thus, the estimated conjugate phase is applied to the mirror and, hence, to the outbound high-energy laser wavefront, such that at the aim point on the target, the high-energy laser wavefront distortion is minimized. In other words, the high-energy laser is correctly pointed to the aim point and the Strehl ratio is maximized. In this way, the correct deformation is applied to the deformable mirror and the benefits of adaptive optics are realized in an airborne platform application. In Part 2 of this paper, the design of the controller, that is, a Kalman filter and regulator, is addressed. The theoretical derivations are validated in extensive simulation experiments. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Veridian Engn, Dayton, OH USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Room 216,2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-3992 J9 OPT LASER TECHNOL JI Opt. Laser Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 159 EP 176 AR PII S0030-3992(01)00105-0 DI 10.1016/S0030-3992(01)00105-0 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 534RL UT WOS:000174600500008 ER PT J AU Brannon, RB Fowler, CB Carpenter, WM Corio, RL AF Brannon, RB Fowler, CB Carpenter, WM Corio, RL TI Cementoblastoma: An innocuous neoplasm? A clinicopathologic study of 44 cases and review of the literature with special emphasis on recurrence SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID BENIGN CEMENTOBLASTOMA; ODONTOGENIC-TUMORS; OSTEOBLASTOMA AB The clinicopathologic features of 44 cases of cementoblastoma were analyzed and compared with those of 74 cases from the literature with special emphasis on the clinical behavior, treatment, and recurrence rate of these relatively rare benign odontogenic neoplasms. The cases in the current series were accessioned at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. Patient ages at diagnosis ranged from 8 years to 44 years, with a mean age of 20.7 years. The tumors affected 30 males and 14 females. The mandible was the site of occurrence in 31 cases (70.4%), with the mandibular first molar the most common tooth involved. Radiographically, more than 90% of the tumors presented as well-defined radiopaque or mixed-density masses confluent with the tooth root(s) and surrounded by a radiolucent rim. Two lesions were radiolucent. Microscopically, cementoblastomas share similar features with osteoblastomas but are unique because of their physical attachment to the tooth root(s). Follow-up was obtained in 35 of 44 cases, with a mean follow-up interval of 5.5 years. Recurrence was documented in 13 cases (37.1%), in contrast to the literature, where only 2 of 34 cases (5.9%) with adequate follow-up recurred. Jaw expansion and perforation of the cortex were noted in a higher percentage of recurrent than nonrecurrent tumors. Because recurrence and continued growth are possible if lesional tissue remains after initial surgery, appropriate treatment should consist of removal of the lesion along with the affected tooth or teeth, followed by thorough curettage or peripheral ostectomy. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Pathol, New Orleans, LA 70119 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Pacific, Sch Dent, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Pacific, Sch Dent, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Brannon, RB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Pathol, 1100 Florida Ave, New Orleans, LA 70119 USA. NR 54 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 93 IS 3 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1067/moe.2002.121993 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 539DP UT WOS:000174854900016 PM 11925541 ER PT J AU Hasselbeck, MP Stalnaker, D Schlie, LA Stintz, A Rotter, TJ AF Hasselbeck, MP Stalnaker, D Schlie, LA Stintz, A Rotter, TJ TI Free space radiation of coherent, coupled plasmon-phonon modes from InAs SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors (HCIS-12) CY AUG, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO DE InAs; coherent phonons; coherent plasmons; THz; ultrafast ID GAAS; OSCILLATIONS; BAND AB The coupled plasmon-phonon system in bulk InAs is studied by ultrafast THz spectroscopy. Both upper- and lower-hybrid modes associated with coherent LO phonon and bulk plasma oscillations are identified in the radiated signals. The contribution of coherent phonons strongly depends on their spectral proximity to the plasmons. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Hasselbeck, MP (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 2002 VL 314 IS 1-4 BP 158 EP 161 AR PII S0921-4526(01)01346-1 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)01346-1 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 558ZD UT WOS:000175997500036 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD Demsar, J Lobad, AI Sarrao, JL Trugman, SA AF Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD Demsar, J Lobad, AI Sarrao, JL Trugman, SA TI Femtosecond studies of mixed valence state formation in strongly correlated electron materials SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 01) CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN DE ultrafast; mixed-valence; terahertz; heavy-fermion; manganite ID COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE MANGANITES; TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL WEIGHT; DYNAMICS; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; LA1-XSRXMNO3; RELAXATION; CHARGE; AG AB We present the results of our ultrafast optical experiments on mixed-valence manganites La0.7X0.3MnO3 (X = Ca, Sr) and the heavy-fermion compounds YbXCu4 (X = Ag, In). For the manganites, 1.5 eV pump and either optical or terahertz probe reveals a dynamic spectral weight transfer that, as a function of temperature, allows us to determine the spin-lattice relaxation time. For YbXCu4, pump-probe measurements at 1.5 eV are shown to be sensitive to the onset of coherence. These results are discussed in terms of a simple hybridization gap model for the f and s electrons. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kirtland AFB, DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MTS-10,MSK764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Demsar, Jure/B-5578-2008; Demsar, Jure/F-7243-2016 OI Demsar, Jure/0000-0003-4551-7444; NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 2002 VL 312 BP 640 EP 646 AR PII S0921-4526(01)01215-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(01)01215-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 556WB UT WOS:000175871000237 ER PT J AU Yukon, SP AF Yukon, SP TI A multi-Josephson junction qubit SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Applications of Superconducting Quantum Interference (SQUID 2001) CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2001 CL STENUNGSBADEN, SWEDEN SP Royal Acad Sci, Swedish Sci Council, IMEGO AB, ABB Corp Res, Ericsson AB, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF, Off SCi Res, USAF Res Lab, European Soc Appl Superconduct, Chalmers, Goteborg Univ, European Sci Fdn DE Josephson junction; qubit; triangular qubit gate; control Z gate ID PERSISTENT-CURRENT QUBIT; QUANTUM AB We have designed a persistent supercurrent multi-Josephson junction (JJ) qubit whose circuit is based on a flattened JJ triangular prism. The Schrodinger equation for the ID constrained system is equivalent to the Whittaker Hill equation, for which exact solutions have been found [1]. Symmetric or antisymmetric coupling of the qubit to an external magnetic field. will excite only the corresponding symmetric or antisymmetric terms in the Hamiltonian. This specificity allows coupling to a system bus comprised of an LC resonant loop. We indicate how separate buses might be coupled into a larger branching network. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Div Electromagnet Technol, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yukon, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Div Electromagnet Technol, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 368 IS 1-4 BP 320 EP 323 AR PII S0921-4534(01)01189-3 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)01189-3 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 523FC UT WOS:000173942500060 ER PT J AU Ledentsov, N Bimberg, D Ustinov, VM Alferov, ZI Lott, JA AF Ledentsov, N Bimberg, D Ustinov, VM Alferov, ZI Lott, JA TI Quantum dots for VCSEL applications at lambda=1.3 mu m SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL LINZ, AUSTRIA DE quantum dot; semiconductor laser; microcavity; molecular beam epitaxy ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LASERS; 1.3-MU-M AB GaAs-based vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) using self-organized quantum dots (QDs) emitting at 13 mum demonstrate device-acceptable parameters, Threshold currents below 2 mA, operation voltage below 2 V and differential efficiency in excess of 60% are demonstrated. Maximum CW output power of 0.8 mW is realized for 8 mum oxide-confined aperture device. Using fully oxidized top and bottom distributed Bragg reflectors allows reducing the total thickness of the structure to only 5-6 mum. Lifetime and temperature cycling tests confirm high reliability of the device, Confinement of nonequilibrium carriers in the QDs facilitates applications in VCSEL arrays with ultrasmall apertures and microcavities. Low homogeneous line width in single QDs makes potentially possible realization of single QD VCSELs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ledentsov, N (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Festkorperphys, PN5-2,Hardenbergstr 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RI Ustinov, Viktor/J-3545-2013 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2-4 BP 871 EP 875 AR PII S1386-9477(02)00223-0 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)00223-0 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 574BT UT WOS:000176869100180 ER PT J AU Gadir, MA Harrison, P Soref, RA AF Gadir, MA Harrison, P Soref, RA TI The advantages of p-type and design methodologies for Si1-xGex far-infrared (terahertz) quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL LINZ, AUSTRIA DE QWIPs; terahertz; far-infrared; detection wavelength; thermionic emission AB This work is motivated by the desire to extend the operating wavelength of contemporary quantum well infrared photodetectors from the mid- (< 14 mum) to the far-infrared (> 20 mum) or terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum without recourse to liquid helium ternperatures. This apparently simple objective hides many challenges which stem from the parasitic current that flows even in the absence of any illumination-the so-called dark current. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, IMP, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNHC,Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Gadir, MA (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, IMP, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2-4 BP 1055 EP 1058 AR PII S1386-9477(02)00301-6 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)00301-6 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 574BT UT WOS:000176869100224 ER PT J AU Cardimona, DA Huang, DH AF Cardimona, DA Huang, DH TI Connection of off-diagonal radiative-decay coupling to electromagnetically induced transparency and amplification without inversion in a three-level atomic system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; POPULATION-INVERSION; LASERS; WELLS AB The equivalence between the off-diagonal radiative-decay coupling (ODRDC) effect in the bare-atom picture of a three-level atomic system [see Cardimona et al., J. Phys. B 15, 55 (1982)] and the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in the dressed-atom picture [see Imamoglu et al., Opt. Lett. 14, 1344 (1989)] is uncovered and a full comparison of their physical origins is given. The mechanism for both ODRDC and Harris' EIT is found to be a consequence of the quantum interference between a direct absorption path and an indirect absorption path mediated by either a self absorption of spontaneous photons or a Fano-type coupling. A connection is then pointed out between the effects of probe-field gain (PFG) based on an ODRDC process [see Huang et al., Phys. Rev. A 64, 013822 (2001)] and amplification without inversion (AWI) [see Fearn et al., Opt. Commun. 87, 323 (1992)] in the bare-atom picture of a three-level atomic system. The PFG effect is found as a result of transferring electrons between the two upper levels due to the phase-sensitive coherence provided by a laser-induced ODRDC process, while the AWI effect to one of the two probe fields is attributed to its coupling to a strong laser field generating an off-resonant gain through an induced nonlinearity in the other probe field. Both the advantages and disadvantages as well as the limitations of the ODRDC, EIT, PFG, and AWI effects are discussed and compared. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cardimona, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, 3550 Absentee Ave SE,Bldg 426, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 033828 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.033828 PN B PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 533UK UT WOS:000174548600082 ER PT J AU Wisnowski, JW Simpson, JR Montgomery, DC AF Wisnowski, JW Simpson, JR Montgomery, DC TI A performance study for multivariate location and shape estimators SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE leverage; multivariate statistical analysis; robust statistics; measures of location and spread; Mahalanobis distance; minimum covariance determinant; minimum volume ellipsoid; breakdown ID COVARIANCE DETERMINANT ESTIMATOR; ROBUST ESTIMATION; OUTLIERS; ASYMPTOTICS; ALGORITHM AB Exploratory data-analysis methods and empirical model-building techniques often attempt to determine the center and spread of multivariate data in order to determine the relative location of observations. The most common measure of multivariate location is the Mahalanobis distance. This measure uses standard mean and covariance matrix estimators for the center and spread. Outliers tend to influence these standard measures such that the corresponding Mahalanobis distances are inappropriately large for data near the true centroid, and relatively small for true outliers. As such, robust measures of location and spread are needed. Many robust measures have been proposed including the minimum covariance determinant, and the minimum volume ellipsoid. It is not clear how these methods perform under various data settings. We perform a comprehensive evaluation of the most referenced methods from the literature. A Monte Carlo simulation study is used to generate data without outliers and data with outliers dispersed separately and in groups or clouds. The methods are evaluated in terms of their ability to detect outliers and their ability not to signal false alarms for clean data. The findings from the study indicate that, although several methods display consistently solid performance, the method of Rocke and Woodruff performs the overall best. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Florida State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Simpson, JR (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Florida State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0748-8017 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1002/qre.451 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 541JQ UT WOS:000174981800005 ER PT J AU Levy, AD Murakata, LA Abbott, RM Rohrmann, CA AF Levy, AD Murakata, LA Abbott, RM Rohrmann, CA TI From the archives of the AFIP - Benign tumors and tumorlike lesions of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts: Radiologlic-pathologic correlation SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE bile ducts, neoplasms; ballbladder, neoplasms ID GRANULAR-CELL TUMOR; HETEROTOPIC GASTRIC-MUCOSA; XANTHOGRANULOMATOUS CHOLECYSTITIS; POLYPOID LESIONS; BILIARY CYSTADENOMA; OPERATIVE INDICATIONS; MIMICKING CARCINOMA; CT FINDINGS; CYSTADENOCARCINOMA; ADENOMYOMATOSIS AB A diverse spectrum of benign tumors and tumorlike lesions arises from the gallbladder and bile ducts, and despite their diversity, these lesions share common embryologic origins and histologic characteristics. Although these lesions are relatively uncommon, their importance lies in their ability to mimic malignant lesions in these locations. Benign neoplasms are derived from the epithelial and nonepithelial structures that compose the normal gallbladder and bile ducts. The epithelium gives rise to adenomas, cystadenomas, and the unusual condition of biliary papillomatosis. Granular cell tumors, neurofibromas, ganglioneuromas, paragangliomas, and leiomyomas are examples of benign tumors that may originate from nonepithelial structures. Tumorlike lesions are more commonly found in the gallbladder and include xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, adenomyomatous hyperplasia, cholesterol polyps, and heterotopias. In the clinical setting of a patient with nonspecific abdominal complaints or symptoms of biliary obstruction, the discovery of a gallbladder or bile duct polyp or mass, gallbladder wall thickening, or biliary stricture is most often indicative of malignancy. However, the differential diagnosis should include benign tumors and tumorlike lesions. The preoperative determination of a benign lesion may significantly alter therapy and patient prognosis. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Hepat & Gastrointestinal Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Levy, AD (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Room M-121,Alaska & Fern Sts,NW, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 66 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 387 EP 413 PG 27 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 529NB UT WOS:000174304600015 PM 11896229 ER PT J AU Fullerton, RL Linster, BG McKee, M Slate, S AF Fullerton, RL Linster, BG McKee, M Slate, S TI Using auctions to reward tournament winners: theory and experimental investigations SO RAND JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID RENT-SEEKING AB This article explores theoretical and experimental implications of using auctions to reward winners of research tournaments. This process is a hybrid of the research tournament for a prize and a first-price auction held after the research is complete. The bids in the auction consist of a vector of both quality of the innovation and price. The experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that conducting auctions at the end of research tournaments will generally reduce the sponsor's prize expenditure relative to fixed-prize research tournaments. The potential importance of these results to the U.S. Department of Defense acquisition process is emphasized. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Fullerton, RL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU RAND PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0741-6261 J9 RAND J ECON JI Rand J. Econ. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 62 EP 84 DI 10.2307/2696375 PG 23 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 544QY UT WOS:000175172800004 ER PT J AU Chen, MY Bai, Z Tan, SC AF Chen, MY Bai, Z Tan, SC TI Microstructure and friction behavior of polymeric composite coatings on alumina/aluminum composite SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE alumina/aluminum composites; polymeric composite; friction; coating AB Co-continuous alumina/aluminum-based composites with excellent physical and mechanical properties offer great potentials for lightweight, wear resistant, and high temperature applications. The development of suitable coating materials will provide low coefficient of friction to extend life under different environments for aerospace applications. In this study, carbon nanofiber reinforced polymeric composite thin films were spin coated onto the alumina/aluminum composites. Bis A polycarbonate, biphenyl ethertriphenylphosphine oxide (BPETPP-E) and fluoro ethertriphenylphosphine oxide (6FETPP-E) were chosen as the matrix materials for comparison. Tribological evaluation of alumina/aluminum composites with and without coatings was performed using pin-on-disc wear tests in lab air condition. The morphology and wear tracks on the composite discs and material transfer to the steel balls were examined. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright Mat Res Co, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. RP Chen, MY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 151 BP 478 EP 482 AR PII S0257-8972(01)01638-3 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01638-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 524KC UT WOS:000174011400093 ER PT J AU Strong, KL Zabinski, JS AF Strong, KL Zabinski, JS TI Characterization of annealed pulsed laser deposited (PLD) thin films of cesium oxythiomolybdate (CS2MOOS3) SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE cesium oxythiomolybdate (Cs2MoOS3); tribology; X-Ray diffraction (XRD); X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ID TEMPERATURE SOLID LUBRICANT; SILICON-NITRIDE; THERMOOXIDATIVE STABILITY; THERMAL CHEMISTRY; ROLLING-CONTACT; PART II; BEHAVIOR; OXIDATION; WEAR AB Cesium oxythiomolybdate (Cs2MOOS3) is under consideration as a high temperature solid lubricant for silicon nitride bearings. However, CS2MOOS3 oxidizes below the proposed maximum use temperature of 800 degreesC, and the oxidation process is complex. In the presence of silicon nitride, the oxidation reactions change. The purpose of the present research was to determine the chemistry Of Cs2MOOS3 coatings grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on several substrates (Si3N4, SiC, Inconel, Al2O3 and ZrO2), and to determine the changes in chemistry and crystal structure after annealing in air to temperatures up to 800 degreesC. Many of the oxidation products identified are expected to be lubricious at elevated temperatures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Strong, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLB 2941,P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 406 IS 1-2 BP 164 EP 173 AR PII S0040-6090(01)01743-6 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01743-6 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 552GG UT WOS:000175610800023 ER PT J AU Strong, KL Zabinski, JS AF Strong, KL Zabinski, JS TI Tribology of pulsed laser deposited thin films of cesium oxythiomolybdate (CS2MoOS3) SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE cesium oxythiomolybdate (Cs2MoOS3); Raman scattering; tribology; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID TEMPERATURE SOLID LUBRICANT; SILICON-NITRIDE; THERMOOXIDATIVE STABILITY; THERMAL CHEMISTRY; ROLLING-CONTACT; PART II; OXIDATION; SULFATE; WEAR AB High temperature solid lubricants are required for use on silicon nitride bearings with application temperatures of 600 degreesC and beyond. In the present research, the tribological properties of cesium oxythiomolybdate (Cs2MoOS3) thin films grown via pulsed laser deposition were studied as a function of temperature from 25 to 800 degreesC. When deposited on SO, the coefficient of friction, mu, was 0.03 at 600 degreesC. When deposited on Al2O3, ZrO2 and Inconel, mu=0.15 at 600 degreesC. The friction coefficient generally increased with decreasing temperature. Wear rates were low on all substrates between 400 and 600 degreesC. Friction remained low up to 750 degreesC on Si3N4 substrates, but failure occurred above 750 degreesC. The tribomechanisms are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Strong, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLB,2941 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 406 IS 1-2 BP 174 EP 184 AR PII S0040-6090(01)01744-8 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01744-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 552GG UT WOS:000175610800024 ER PT J AU Gallentine, ML Cespedes, RD AF Gallentine, ML Cespedes, RD TI Review of cadaveric allografts in urology SO UROLOGY LA English DT Review ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; FASCIA LATA ALLOGRAFTS; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; SUBURETHRAL SLINGS; TENDON ALLOGRAFTS; TISSUE; FAILURE; RECONSTRUCTION; REPLACEMENT; GRAFTS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol MCSU, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD MAR PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 318 EP 324 AR PII S0090-4295(01)01544-8 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01544-8 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 530CT UT WOS:000174338600002 PM 11880061 ER PT J AU Isherwood, MW AF Isherwood, MW TI US strategic options for Iraq: Easier said than done SO WASHINGTON QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Isherwood, MW (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0163-660X J9 WASH QUART JI Wash. Q. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 145 EP 159 DI 10.1162/01636600252820199 PG 15 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 526XP UT WOS:000174155400011 ER PT J AU Amer, MS Dosser, L LeClair, S Maguire, JF AF Amer, MS Dosser, L LeClair, S Maguire, JF TI Induced stresses and structural changes in silicon wafers as a result of laser micro-machining SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; laser machining; micro-machining; silicon amorphization; induced stress ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; MECHANICAL-STRESS; SEMICONDUCTORS; FREQUENCIES; DIAMOND AB Laser micro-machining has proven to be a very powerful and successful tool for precision machining and micro-fabrication with applications in electronics, MEMS, medical, and biomedical fields. A large number of studies were devoted to the investigation of laser-based micro-machining covering the different aspects of the machining process. Induced stresses due to laser micro-machining process were, however, not fully investigated. In this paper, we report, for the first time, the results of utilizing micro-Raman spectroscopy as a powerful stress measurement technique in investigating stresses as well as structural changes induced in a silicon single crystal wafer as a result of laser micro-machining. It was found that laser machining of silicon wafers has induced tensile stress in the range 0.8-1.0 GPa. The machining process has also led to the creation of as much as 14% amorphous silicon in the machined area. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Mound Laser & Photon, Maimisburg, OH USA. USAF, RL, Material Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Amer, MS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 3640 COlonel Glenn HWY, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Amer, Maher/A-1802-2009 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 187 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 296 AR PII S0169-4332(01)01043-1 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(01)01043-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 538LA UT WOS:000174816400016 ER PT J AU Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK AF Seshacharyulu, T Medeiros, SC Frazier, WG Prasad, YVRK TI Microstructural mechanisms during hot working of commercial grade Ti-6Al-4V with lamellar starting structure SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE microstructural mechanisms; Ti-6Al-4V; lamellar starting structure ID TITANIUM-ALLOYS; GLOBULARIZATION; CAVITATION; FLOW AB The hot deformation behavior of commercial grade Ti-6Al-4V with a lamellar starting microstructure is studied in the temperature range 750-1100 degreesC and strain rate range 3 x 10(-4) -10 s(-1) with a view to model the microstructural evolution. On the basis of flow stress data obtained as a function of temperature and strain rate in compression, a processing map for hot working has been developed. In the ranges 800-975 degreesC and 3 x 10(-4) -10(-2) s(-1), globularization of lamellae occurs for which an apparent activation energy of 455 kJ mol(-1) has been estimated using the kinetic rate equation. Stress-dependent thermal activation analyses proposed by Schock and Cocks et al. have shown that the apparent activation energies are in the range 160-245 kJ mol(-1) and the normalized activation volumes are in the range 20-80, which suggest that cross-slip is the rate controlling process during globularization. The variation of primary alpha grain size with Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z) in the globularization region exhibited a linear relationship on a log-log scale. At strain rates slower than 10(-1) s(-1) and temperatures below 900 degreesC, cracking at the prior beta grain boundaries/triple junctions occurs, which sets the lower limits for globularization. At strain rates higher than 10(-1) s(-1) in the alpha + beta range, the material exhibited flow instabilities manifested as adiabatic shear bands. These bands are intense below 800 degreesC and above 1 s(-1) and caused cracking along the bands, In the beta phase field, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurs at about 1100 degreesC and in the strain rate range 10(-3) -10(-1) s(-1). The apparent activation energy for DRX of beta is about 172 kJ mol(-1) which is close to that for self-diffusion in beta phase (153 kJ mol(-1)). The application of these results in the design of bulk metalworking processes for achieving microstructural control is discussed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLMR, Mat Proc Design Branch,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seshacharyulu, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLMR, Mat Proc Design Branch,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 185 Z9 228 U1 10 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 325 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 125 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01448-4 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01448-4 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 525PR UT WOS:000174080600015 ER PT J AU Choo, H Rangaswamy, P Bourke, MAM Larsen, JM AF Choo, H Rangaswamy, P Bourke, MAM Larsen, JM TI Thermal expansion anisotropy in a Ti-6Al-4V/SiC composite SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE titanium; composite; neutron scattering; thermal expansion; thermal load partitioning; Schapery model ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MATRIX COMPOSITE AB We studied the thermal expansion behavior of a Ti-6Al-4V/35 vol.% continuous SiC fiber composite using in situ high temperature neutron diffraction (ND). The lattice expansion of constituent phases within the composite was monitored from axial (parallel to the unidirectionally aligned fibers) and transverse (perpendicular to the fibers) directions during heating from room temperature (RT) to 1170 K. The phase-specific thermal expansion of the Ti-6Al-4V matrix and SiC fibers in the composite is discussed in the context of thermal load partitioning between the matrix and fibers. In the axial direction, the matrix and the fiber share the thermal load and co-expand up to about 800-900 K, above which the thermal load transfer becomes ineffective. In the transverse direction, the matrix and fibers expand independently over the whole temperature range, Using the Schapery model (J. Comp. Mater. 2 (1968) 380) and the rule-of-mixtures (ROM), the macroscopic thermal expansion of the composite is predicted and compared with the experimental results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Choo, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE12, Mail Stop H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM choo@lanl.gov RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 325 IS 1-2 BP 236 EP 241 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01463-0 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01463-0 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 525PR UT WOS:000174080600029 ER PT J AU Planck, SK Rosenberger, AH AF Planck, SK Rosenberger, AH TI The influence of high temperature exposure on the mechanical performance of a gamma titanium aluminide alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE gamma titanium aluminide; strength; fatigue; high temperature embrittlement ID HIGH-CYCLE-FATIGUE; INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; CRACK-GROWTH; BEHAVIOR AB The influence of a prolonged high temperature air exposure on the tensile and fatigue behavior of a gamma titanium aluminide (Ti-46Al-2Nb-2Cr-1Mo-0.2B. at.%) has been examined as a function of temperature, ambient to 760 degreesC. The embrittled surface layer has an effect on both properties. While the effect on tensile ductility diminishes as the interrogation temperature is increased, the influence on fatigue strength is most pronounced at the intermediate temperature of 540 degreesC. This appears to be linked to the minimum in fatigue crack growth resistance that is associated with this temperature regime. The effect of high temperature exposure has been effectively modeled, based on the initial crack sizes observed on the fracture surfaces, using an integration of the crack growth rate. However, the threshold observed in standard long crack specimens appears to be non-conservative. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rosenberger, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrew.rosenberger@afrl.af.mil NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 325 IS 1-2 BP 270 EP 280 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01470-8 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01470-8 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 525PR UT WOS:000174080600034 ER PT J AU Martinez, CM Eylon, D Nicholas, T Thompson, SR Ruschau, JJ Birkbeck, J Porter, WJ AF Martinez, CM Eylon, D Nicholas, T Thompson, SR Ruschau, JJ Birkbeck, J Porter, WJ TI Effects of ballistic impact damage on fatigue crack initiation in Ti-6Al-4V simulated engine blades SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ballistic impact; fatigue strength; damage characterization; titanium; foreign object damage AB The ingestion of debris into jet engines creates nicks and dents on the leading edges of blades and vanes. This is commonly known as foreign object damage (FOD). Such damage, which can often result in premature failure, was simulated in the laboratory using diamond cross-section axial fatigue samples that were impacted with I mm diameter glass beads at 305 m s(-1) at either 0 or 30degrees angle of incidence. The samples had either a thin leading edge (LE) with a radius of 0.127 mm or a thick LE with a radius of 0.381 mm. Fatigue strength of impacted specimens showed degradation of 10-50% due to LE damage, regardless of the depth of the damage zone. FOD related impact notch depth, loss of material (LOM), shear, folds, embedded shattered glass, and microstructural damage were characterized by SEM. Fatigue strength degradation was found to be higher for the 30degrees impacts than for the 0degrees impacts. No clear correlation between notch depth or LE thickness and fatigue strength was found. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eylon, D (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 325 IS 1-2 BP 465 EP 477 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01532-5 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01532-5 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 525PR UT WOS:000174080600056 ER PT J AU Boehlert, CJ Dimiduk, DM Hemker, KJ AF Boehlert, CJ Dimiduk, DM Hemker, KJ TI The phase evolution, mechanical behavior, and microstructural instability of a fully-lamellar Ti-46Al(at.%) alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE titanium; phase transformations; microstructure; creep; microsample testing ID TIAL-BASED ALLOY; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; THERMAL-STABILITY; PST CRYSTALS; AL; DEFORMATION; EXPOSURE; TENSION AB A Ti-46Al(at.%) polysynthetically twinned alloy, which contained a characteristic lamellar spacing of lambda = 1.3 mum, was converted to a polycrystalline fully-lamellar microstructure with lambda = 19.9 nm using an alpha-phase solution treatment followed by alpha(2) + gamma aging. Tensile experiments, performed on microsamples extracted from within single grains of the polycrystalline material, illustrated that ultrafine lamellae led to exceptional tensile strength. However, the ultrafine lamellae were not stable at elevated temperatures and the ultrafine material was found to have relatively poor creep resistance. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Alfred Univ, Sch Ceram Engn & Mat Sci, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boehlert, CJ (reprint author), Dept Ceram Engn & Mat Sci, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. EM boehlecj@alfred.edu RI Hemker, Kevin/A-3315-2010 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 46 IS 4 BP 259 EP 267 AR PII S1359-6462(01)01228-3 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01228-3 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 575HW UT WOS:000176941700003 ER PT J AU Marshall, G Warner, B MaWhinney, S Hammermeister, K AF Marshall, G Warner, B MaWhinney, S Hammermeister, K TI Prospective prediction in the presence of missing data SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE missing values; prediction; generalized linear models; logistic regression; risk adjusted mortality rate; measuring quality of health care ID CARDIAC-SURGERY; MODELS AB A variety of methods and algorithms are available for estimating parameters in the class of a generalized linear model in the presence of missing values. However, there is little information on how this already built model can be used for prediction in new observations with missing data in the covariates. Dropping the observations with missing values is a widespread practice with serious statistical and non-statistical implications. One solution is to fit separate regression models, or submodels, to each pattern of missing covariates. In practice, for any iterative regression method, this approach is computationally intensive. We propose a simple methodology to predict outcomes for individuals with incomplete information based on the estimated coefficients and covariance from the already built model. This method does not require revisiting the original data set used to build the original model and works by generating a first-order approximation of any submodel coefficient estimates. This is achieved by using the SWEEP operator on an augmented covariance matrix obtained from the original model. We refer to this approach as the one-step sweep (OSS) method. The methodology is demonstrated using data from the Department of Veterans Affairs Continuous Improvement in Cardiac Surgery Program (CICSP). These data contain 30 day mortality, the outcome of interest, and risk information for over 14000 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery over a four-year period. Using complete data from the first 3.5 years of this study period, a logistic regression model was built. This model was then used to predict mortality for patients undergoing CABG in the most recent 6-months. In order to evaluate the performance of the OSS method we randomly generated observations with missing covariates in the 6-month prediction database. We use this simulation to demonstrate that the computationally efficient OSS substantially reduces the error in risk-adjusted mortality created when cases with incomplete information are eliminated. Lastly, we derive the relationship between the OSS method and data imputation. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Matemat, Dept Estadist, Santiago 22, Chile. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Med, Dept Salud Publ, Santiago 22, Chile. USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Denver, CO 80220 USA. RP Marshall, G (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Matemat, Dept Estadist, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile. RI Marshall, Guillermo/F-2302-2011 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1002/sim.966 PG 10 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 520HF UT WOS:000173774800007 PM 11836736 ER PT J AU Auret, FD Goodman, SA Legodi, MJ Meyer, WE Look, DC AF Auret, FD Goodman, SA Legodi, MJ Meyer, WE Look, DC TI Electrical characterization of vapor-phase-grown single-crystal ZnO SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; DEEP-LEVEL; ADMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ZINC-OXIDE; GAN AB Gold Schottky-barrier diodes (SBDs) were fabricated on vapor-phase-grown single-crystal ZnO. Deep-level transient spectroscopy, using these SBDs, revealed the presence of four electron traps, the major two having levels at 0.12 eV and 0.57 below the conduction band. Comparison with temperature-dependent Hall measurements suggests that the 0.12 eV level has a temperature activated capture cross section with a capture barrier of about 0.06 eV and that it may significantly contribute to the free-carrier density. Based on the concentrations of defects other than this shallow donor, we conclude that the quality of the vapor-phase-grown ZnO studied here supercedes that of other single-crystal ZnO reported up to now. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Pretoria, Dept Phys, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Auret, FD (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Phys, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RI Auret, Francois Danie/H-3512-2011; Meyer, Walter/A-9275-2011 OI Meyer, Walter/0000-0002-7584-0034 NR 21 TC 136 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 8 BP 1340 EP 1342 DI 10.1063/1.1452781 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 524JP UT WOS:000174009800008 ER PT J AU Ahoujja, M Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Van Nostrand, JE AF Ahoujja, M Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Van Nostrand, JE TI Temperature-dependent Hall measurements of molecular beam epitaxial grown Si-doped AlxGa1-xN for Al mole fraction up to 0.5 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; GAN; INTERFACE; LAYER AB Electrical properties of Si-doped AlxGa1-xN films grown on sapphire substrates with AlN buffer layers by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been investigated using temperature dependent Hall-effect measurements. These measurements show that the AlxGa1-xN sapphire interfacial layer significantly affect the electrical properties of the AlxGa1-xN layer doped with Si at a nominal value of 1 x 10(18) cm(-3). This study indicates that good quality AlxGa1-xN films can be grown for xless than or equal to0.3 by gas source MBE, but lesser quality films are obtained for x>0.3. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ahoujja, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 8 BP 1382 EP 1384 DI 10.1063/1.1452795 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 524JP UT WOS:000174009800022 ER PT J AU Barchers, JD Fried, DL Link, DJ AF Barchers, JD Fried, DL Link, DJ TI Evaluation of the performance of Hartmann sensors in strong scintillation SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE-OPTICS; WAVEFRONT DISTORTION; PHASE; RECONSTRUCTION; TURBULENCE AB A simulation study is presented that evaluates the performance of Hartmann wave-front sensors with measurements obtained with the Fried geometry and the Hutchin geometry. Performance is defined in terms of the Strehl ratio achieved when the estimate of the complex field obtained from reconstruction is used to correct the distorted wave front presented to the wave-front sensor. A series of evaluations is performed to identify the strengths and the weaknesses of Hartmann sensors used in each of the two geometries in the two-dimensional space of the Fried parameter r(o) and the Rytov parameter. We found that the performance of Hartmann sensors degrades severely when the Rytov number exceeds 0.2 and the ratio l/r(o), exceeds 1/4 (where l is the subaperture side length) because of the presence of branch points in the phase function and the effect of amplitude scintillation on the measurement values produced by the Hartmann sensor. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Jupiter, FL 33477 USA. RP Barchers, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1012 EP 1021 DI 10.1364/AO.41.001012 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 523CN UT WOS:000173934400006 PM 11900119 ER PT J AU Halasz, A Spain, J Paquet, L Beaulieu, C Hawari, J AF Halasz, A Spain, J Paquet, L Beaulieu, C Hawari, J TI Insights into the formation and degradation mechanisms of methylenedinitramine during the incubation of RDX with anaerobic sludge SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; SOIL; BIODEGRADATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB In an earlier study, we reported that hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) biodegraded with domestic anaerobic sludge to produce a key RDX ring cleavage intermediate that was tentatively identified as methylene-dinitramine (O(2)NNHCH(2)NHNO(2)) using LC/MS with negative electrospray ionization (ES-). Recently, we obtained a standard material of methylenedinitramine and thus were able to confirm its formation as the key initial RDX intermediate. In water alone or in the presence of sludge, methylenedinitramine decomposed to N(2)O and HCHO. Only in the presence of sludge HCHO converted further to carbon dioxide. To test our hypothesis that water was involved in the formation of methylenedinitramine during incubation of RDX with sludge, we allowed the energetic compound to biodegrade in several D(2)O/H(2)O solutions (90,50, and 0% v/v). We observed three distinctive deprotonated or dedeuterated mass ions at 135, 136, and 137 Da that were attributed to the formation of nondeuterated (H-methylenedinitramine), monadeuterated (D(1)-methylenedinitramine), and dideuterated methylenedinitramine (D(2)-methylenedinitramine), respectively. Two controls were prepared in D(2)O both in the absence of sludge; the first contained methylenedinitramine, and the second contained RDX. Neither control produced any deuterated methylenedinitramine, thus excluding the occurrence of any abiotic D/H exchange between D(2)O and either methylenedinitramine or RDX. The results supported the occurrence of an initial enzymatic reaction on RDX, yet they did not provide compelling evidence on whether methylenedinitramine was an initial RDX enzymatic hydrolysis product or simply formed via the spontaneous hydrolysis of an anonymous initial RDX enzymatic product. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. USAF Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Hawari, J (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Royalmt Ave, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. EM jalal.hawari@nrc.ca NR 30 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 633 EP 638 DI 10.1021/es011071g PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522WB UT WOS:000173919000016 PM 11878377 ER PT J AU Williams, S Campos, MF Midey, AJ Arnold, ST Morris, RA Viggiano, AA AF Williams, S Campos, MF Midey, AJ Arnold, ST Morris, RA Viggiano, AA TI Negative ion chemistry of ozone in the gas phase SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; RATE CONSTANTS; SF6; THERMOCHEMISTRY; ENERGY AB A novel ozone source was developed to study the negative ion chemistry of ozone in the gas phase. Rate constants and product ion branching fractions are reported for 17 negative ion-molecule reactions involving ozone (O-3). This is the most comprehensive set of O-3 reactions with negative ions to date. The reactions proceed primarily through charge transfer and O atom transfer. The reaction rate constants for O-, O-2(-), and OH- are large and approximately equal to the thermal energy capture rate constant given by the Su-Chesnavich equation based on average dipole orientation theory. The negative ions NO2-, CO4-, SF6-, and PO2- are somewhat less reactive, reacting at approximately 20-50% of the thermal capture rate. The hydrofluorocarbon ions CF3- and C2F5- react at 80% of the thermal capture rate, and F- is the major product ion formed. NO3-, CO3-, PO3-, CF3O-, F-, Cl-, and Br- are found to be unreactive with rate constants < 5 x 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1), which is the present detection limit of our apparatus using this ozone source. The I- ion was observed to cluster with O-3 to form IO3- with a rate constant of approximately 1 x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1), which is a factor of 2 above our detection limit, and no other product channels were observed. All of the anions listed above showed no reactivity, k < 5 x 10(-13) cm(3) s(-1), with O-2. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Williams, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 14 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 6 BP 997 EP 1003 DI 10.1021/jp012929r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 520LL UT WOS:000173783300018 ER PT J AU Mather, PT Jeon, HG Han, CD Chang, S AF Mather, PT Jeon, HG Han, CD Chang, S TI Odd-even effect of flexible spacer length on flow-induced isotropic-to-nematic transition in segmented thermotropic polymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMER; TRANSIENT RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; PENDENT SIDE-GROUPS; SHEAR-FLOW; THERMAL HISTORY; POLYESTERS; EVOLUTION AB The dependence of the flow-induced isotropic-to-nematic (I-N) phase transition phenomenon on the spacer length is investigated using the well-behaved thermotropic polymers, PSHQn, with n representing the number of methylene groups as flexible spacer in the main chain. Using optical microrheology methods and mechanical rheological methods, the critical shear rate ((γ) over circle (cr)) required for the onset of nematic-phase formation is measured at temperatures above the quiescent I-N transition temperature (T-IN(0)). In particular, flow-induced birefringence is measured for the PSHQn polymers of varying spacer lengths as functions of both temperature and shear rate. As shear rate increases for a fixed temperature higher than the T-IN(0), a clear transition from low-level birefringence (0.0-0.005) to nematic-level birefringence (>0.01) is observed for most PSHQn polymers. Interestingly, the,, for nematic-phase formation is significantly larger for even-numbered PSHQn compared to odd-numbered PSHQn. This odd-even effect is explained by a significant difference in steady shear viscosity (and terminal relaxation time) at fixed temperature above T-IN. A critical dimensionless group, critical Deborah number De(cr) = (γ) over circle (cr)tau with tau being the terminal relaxation time of polymer, is introduced to explain the experimental observations. C1 Univ Connecticut, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Systran Corp, AFRL, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mather, PT (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 12 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1326 EP 1335 DI 10.1021/ma0115601 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 520UH UT WOS:000173799400027 ER PT J AU Sun, YQ Hazzledine, PM Hirsch, PB AF Sun, YQ Hazzledine, PM Hirsch, PB TI Cooperative nucleation of shear dislocation loops SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TO-DUCTILE TRANSITION; GENERATION INSTABILITY; FINITE TEMPERATURES; FREE CRYSTALS; MECHANISM AB The mean elastic interaction between randomly distributed transient subcritical shear loops, of the same sign, formed in the presence of an applied shear stress, is the "image stress." This stress is proportional to the volume density of loops and has the same sign as the applied stress. The image stress promotes the cooperative nucleation of shear loops, and leads to an instability in which the number of loops and the image stress increase rapidly, leading to the generation of stable expanding loops, The critical stress at which the instability is predicted is relatively high. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. RP Sun, YQ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 AR 065503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.065503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521PJ UT WOS:000173849300030 ER PT J AU Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Tomlin, D Bunning, TJ AF Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Sutherland, RL Tomlin, D Bunning, TJ TI Holographic formation of electro-optical polymer-liquid crystal photonic crystals SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; BAND-GAP; EXTRACTION; GRATINGS; WAVES; FILM AB The single-step fabrication of 3D electro-optical photonic crystals is described. Holographic polymerization of a monomer-liquid crystal mixture is employed, whereby liquid crystal separates as nanoscale droplets at crystal lattice or interstitial points within a crosslinked polymer matrix. The Figure shows the laser intensity pattern in the xy-plane for recording an orthorhombic photonic crystal. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sutherland, RL (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4031 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 22 TC 136 Z9 137 U1 3 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD FEB 5 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 187 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-4095(20020205)14:3<187::AID-ADMA187>3.3.CO;2-F PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 521KK UT WOS:000173839000001 ER PT J AU Mulcahy, HE Patel, RS Postic, G Eloubeidi, MA Vaughan, JA Wallace, M Barkun, A Jowell, PS Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S Cotton, PB AF Mulcahy, HE Patel, RS Postic, G Eloubeidi, MA Vaughan, JA Wallace, M Barkun, A Jowell, PS Leung, J Libby, E Nickl, N Schutz, S Cotton, PB TI Yield of colonoscopy in patients with nonacute rectal bleeding: A multicenter database study of 1766 patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; DIAGNOSIS; SYMPTOMS; HEMATOCHEZIA; PREVALENCE; HISTORY; ADULTS; AGE AB OBJECTIVE: There are few data to guide the choice between colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy in patients with nonacute rectal bleeding, especially in younger age groups. Our aim was to determine the yield of colonoscopy for significant proximal large bowel disease in the absence of significant distal disease, with special reference to young patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of data collected prospectively in 1766 patients (median age 57 yr, 711 women). The endoscopic database (GI-Trac) contained 152 discrete fields for data input. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables independently associated with the presence of isolated significant proximal disease. RESULTS: Young patients had a higher percentage of normal examinations than did older patients. The incidence of diverticular disease, small polyps, large polyps, and cancer rose with increasing age. No patient aged <40 yr had an isolated proximal cancer, but 7% had other significant isolated proximal disease. There was no overall association between age and significant proximal disease in the absence of significant distal disease (p = 0.66). The only variable associated with isolated proximal disease was anemia (odds ratio = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.11-2.93; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The yield of colonoscopy (beyond the range of sigmoidoscopy) for neoplasia is low in patients aged <40 yr, but other significant disease may be missed if age is the only criterion determining colonoscopy use. (Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:328-333. (C) 2002 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology). C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Ctr Digest Dis, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Durham Vet Adm Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Mulcahy, HE (reprint author), St Vincents Univ Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Elm Pk, Dublin 4, Ireland. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 97 IS 2 BP 328 EP 333 AR PII S0002-9270(01)04027-8 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 522DL UT WOS:000173880400017 PM 11866269 ER PT J AU Narayani, RI Burton, MP Young, GS AF Narayani, RI Burton, MP Young, GS TI Resolution of collagenous colitis after treatment for Helicobacter pylori SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Narayani, RI (reprint author), 924 Bluewater Dr, Vacaville, CA 95688 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 97 IS 2 BP 498 EP 499 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 522DL UT WOS:000173880400051 PM 11866305 ER PT J AU Fausett, MB Zahn, CM Kendall, BS Barth, WH AF Fausett, MB Zahn, CM Kendall, BS Barth, WH TI The significance of psammoma bodies that are found incidentally during endometrial biopsy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE psammoma bodies; incidental finding; endometrium; biopsy ID CERVICOVAGINAL SMEARS; ADENOCARCINOMA AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the significance of psammoma bodies that are found incidentally during endometrial biopsy. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed the medical records of 11 women who were found to have psammoma bodies during endometrial biopsy over an 18-month period and extracted data that included demographic information, extent of evaluation, and pathologic findings. RESULTS: Ten women were postmenopausal and underwent endometrial biopsy for abnormal uterine bleeding while using combined hormone replacement. Most women underwent dilation and curettage with hysteroscopy plus either laparoscopy or ultrasonography. Notable findings included: 5 women with endometrial polyps, 2 women with endometriosis, 1 woman with endosalpingiosis, and 1 woman with a mature cystic teratoma. No endometrial or adnexal malignancies were identified. CONCLUSION: This series represents the largest series to date regarding psammoma bodies that have been found incidentally during endometrial biopsy. All psammoma bodies were associated with benign findings, Further evaluation of the endometrial cavity with hysteroscopy or sonohysterography, plus some form of adnexal assessment, is a reasonable definitive evaluation scheme. C1 Keesler AFB Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Keesler AFB, MS USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol Anat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Fausett, MB (reprint author), Keesler AFB Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Keesler AFB, MS USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 186 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1067/mob.2002.119631 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 524CJ UT WOS:000173994200002 PM 11854631 ER PT J AU Lessner, DJ Johnson, GR Parales, RE Spain, JC Gibson, DT AF Lessner, DJ Johnson, GR Parales, RE Spain, JC Gibson, DT TI Molecular characterization and substrate specificity of nitrobenzene dioxygenase from Comamonas sp strain JS765 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NAPHTHALENE DIOXYGENASE; OXYGENASE COMPONENT; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; GENE-CLUSTER; ENZYME; 2-NITROTOLUENE; TOLUENE; CLONING; 2,3-DIOXYGENASE AB Comamonas sp. strain JS765 can grow with nitrobenzene as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. We report here the sequence of the genes encoding nitrobenzene dioxygenase (NBDO), which catalyzes the first step in the degradation of nitrobenzene by strain JS765. The components of NBDO were designated Reductase(NBZ), Ferredoxin(NBZ), Oxygenase(NBZalpha), and Oxygenase(NBZbeta), with the gene designations nbzAa, nbzAb, nbzAc, and nbzAd, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that the components of NBDO have a high level of homology with the naphthalene family of Rieske nonheme iron oxygenases, in particular, 2-nitrotoluene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain JS42. The enzyme oxidizes a wide range of substrates, and relative reaction rates with partially purified Oxygenase(NBZ) revealed a preference for 3-nitrotoluene, which was shown to be a growth substrate for JS765. NBDO is the first member of the naphthalene family of Rieske nonheme iron oxygenases reported to oxidize all of the isomers of mono- and dinitrotoluenes with the concomitant release of nitrite. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Ctr Biocatalysis & Bioproc, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Lessner, DJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, 3-730 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM daniel-lessner@uiowa.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM 8365, T32 GM008365] NR 37 TC 80 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 634 EP 641 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.2.634-641.2002 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 517AH UT WOS:000173588600025 PM 11823201 ER PT J AU Horne, SK Park, GC Dahlen, RT Brennan, J AF Horne, SK Park, GC Dahlen, RT Brennan, J TI Computed tomography-guided wire localization - An intraoperative tool for head and neck resections SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID NEEDLE AB With the increasing sophistication of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the head and neck, it is not uncommon to locate a lesion radiographically that cannot be detected clinically. The complex anatomy and abundance of vital structures in the head and neck can make surgical localization of these targets difficult. Although computed tomography (CT)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is now routinely used(1.2) to diagnose suspicious lesions in the head and neck, we report 2 cases in which CT-guided localized wire was used as an intraoperative tool. Specifically, we describe 2 cases in which a localization wire was placed under CT guidance before surgery and used to guide the dissection for lesions in particularly tenuous locations. One of our cases involved a malignant recurrence in the setting of previous surgical resections, and the other involved a foreign body lodged within the neck and spinal canal. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Brennan, J (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 128 IS 2 BP 187 EP 189 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 520ZA UT WOS:000173812600012 PM 11843729 ER PT J AU Orces, CH del Rincon, I Abel, MP Escalante, A AF Orces, CH del Rincon, I Abel, MP Escalante, A TI The number of deformed joints as a surrogate measure of damage in rheumatoid arthritis SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rheumatoid arthritis; joint damage; joint deformity; joint counts ID PRELIMINARY CORE SET; CLINICAL-TRIALS; DISABILITY; COUNTS; HLA-DRB1; ALLELES; DISEASE; MOTION; SCALE; SCORE AB Objective, To evaluate the reliability and validity of the number of deformed joints (NDJ) as a surrogate measure of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. We tested interrater reliability and validity in determining the NDJ as a surrogate for joint damage in consecutive patients with RA. We rated each of 48 joints as normal or abnormal in terms of alignment and range of motion, and expressed the results as the total number of deformed joints. We compared the NDJ with the severity of damage on a plain radiograph of the hands, scored using Sharp's technique, as the gold standard measure of joint damage. We also compared the correlation between the NDJ and radiographic joint damage, on the one hand, and disease duration, performance-based measures of physical function, and the self-reported level of disability. Results. The interrater reliability of the NDJ was excellent, with an intraclass correlation among four examiners of 0.94. To assess validity of the NDJ, we studied 273 RA patients from 5 clinical settings. Their average NDJ was 14 (range 0-43), and their average Sharp's score for joint space narrowing and erosions combined was 106 (range 4-309). The NDJ and the total Sharp's score were highly correlated (r = 0.83). Both measures were correlated to a similar degree with disease duration (r = 0.51 for each measure), grip strength (r = -0.49 for NDJ, and r = -0.51 for Sharp's score), walking velocity (r = -0.44 for NDJ, and r = -0.45 for Sharp's score), the timed button test (r = -0.62 for NDJ, and r = -0.57 for Sharp's score), and the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (r = 0.38 for NDJ, and r = 0.38 for Sharp's score). Both the Sharp's score and the NDJ worsened significantly in 38 patients for whom 1-2 year followup data were available. Conclusion. The NDJ is reliable and is strongly associated with the standard measure of joint damage in RA. Because it is easily performed in a clinical setting, it could be used as an economical surrogate of joint damage in studies of the long-term outcome of RA. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. S Texas Vet Adm Hlth Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Escalante, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-01346]; NHLBI NIH HHS [K23-HL-004481]; NIAMS NIH HHS [K24-AR-47530]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD-37151] NR 29 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1002/art1.10160 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 520VU UT WOS:000173803700011 PM 11932880 ER PT J AU Tedesco, EF Noah, PV Noah, M Price, SD AF Tedesco, EF Noah, PV Noah, M Price, SD TI The supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared radiation; minor planets, asteroids; solar system : general ID MAIN BELT ASTEROIDS AB We present additional and revised IRAS diameters and albedos for the 1992 IRAS Minor Planet Survey (IMPS). Using orbital elements for 26,791 numbered asteroids, we found 2228 different multiply observed asteroids associated with IRAS sources, an increase of 432 (24%) over IMPS. The IRAS sample of small asteroids, diameters D < 20.0 km, has increased by 72% ( from 306 to 526), the sample of Jupiter Trojan asteroids by 77% ( from 39 to 69), and the sample of small Trojan asteroids (D < 80 km) by nearly a factor of 3 (from nine to 26). We present the entire Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey data set, describe how it was created, compare it with the IMPS data set, and estimate how many more asteroids remain to be found in the IRAS data. C1 Terrasyst Inc, Lee, NH 03824 USA. Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03861 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tedesco, EF (reprint author), Terrasyst Inc, 59 Wednesday Hill Rd, Lee, NH 03824 USA. NR 15 TC 266 Z9 268 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 123 IS 2 BP 1056 EP 1085 DI 10.1086/338320 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WK UT WOS:000174210800036 ER PT J AU Otakeno, S Matthews, RSJ Folio, L Previc, FH Lessard, CS AF Otakeno, S Matthews, RSJ Folio, L Previc, FH Lessard, CS TI The effects of visual scenes on roll and pitch thresholds in pilots versus nonpilots SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE spatial disorientation; sub-threshold movement; detection thresholds; visual dominance; ASDD ID SOMATOGRAVIC ILLUSION AB Background: Previous studies have indicated that, compared with nonpilots, pilots rely more on vision than "seat-of-the-pants" sensations when presented with visual-vestibular conflict. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether pilots and nonpilots differ in their thresholds for tilt perception while viewing visual scenes depicting simulated flight. Methods: This study was conducted in the Advanced Spatial Disorientation Demonstrator (ASDD) at Brooks AFB, TX. There were 14 subjects (7 pilots and 7 nonpilots) who recorded tilt detection thresholds in pitch and roll while exposed to sub-threshold movement in each axis. During each test run, subjects were presented with computer-generated visual scenes depicting accelerating forward flight by day or night, and a blank (control) condition. Results: The only significant effect detected by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was that all subjects were more sensitive to tilt in roll than in pitch [F (2,24) = 18.96, p < 0.001]. Overall, pilots had marginally higher tilt detection thresholds compared with nonpilots (p = 0.055), but the type of visual scene had no significant effect on thresholds. Conclusion: In this study, pilots did not demonstrate greater visual dominance over vestibular and proprioceptive cues than nonpilots, but appeared to have higher pitch and roll thresholds overall. The finding of significantly lower detection thresholds in the roll axis vs. the pitch axis was an incidental finding for both subject groups. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Flight Mot Effects Branch, Biodynam & Protect Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Litton TASC, San Antonio, TX USA. Veridian Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Folio, L (reprint author), DO 60 AMDS-CD,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 98 EP 101 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 517KZ UT WOS:000173610900004 PM 11858177 ER PT J AU Liggett, KK Gallimore, JJ AF Liggett, KK Gallimore, JJ TI An analysis of control reversal errors during unusual attitude recoveries using helmet-mounted display symbology SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE helmet-mounted display; control reversal error; attitude indicator; spatial orientation ID AVIATION SPATIAL ORIENTATION; OPTOKINETIC CERVICAL REFLEX; HEAD POSITION; FLIGHT; AIRCRAFT; PILOTS AB Background: Spatial disorientation (SD) refers to pilots' inability to accurately interpret the attitude of their aircraft with respect to Earth. Unfortunately, SD statistics have held constant for the past few decades, through the transition from the head-down attitude indicator (AI) to the head-up display (HUD) as the attitude instrument. The newest attitude-indicating device to find its way into military cockpits is the helmet-mounted display (HMD). HMDs were initially introduced into the cockpit to enhance target location and weapon-pointing, but there is currently an effort to make HMDs attitude reference displays so pilots need not go head-down to obtain attitude information. However, unintuitive information or inappropriate implementation of on-boresight attitude symbology on the HMD may contribute to the SD problem. Objective: The occurrence of control reversal errors (CRES) during unusual attitude recovery tasks when using an HMD to provide attitude information was investigated. The effect of such errors was evaluated in terms of altitude changes during recovery and time to recover. Methods: There were 12 pilot-subjects who completed 8 unusual attitude recovery tasks. Results. Results showed that CREs did occur, and there was a significant negative effect of these errors on absolute altitude change, but not on total recovery time. Results failed to show a decrease in the number of CREs occurring when using the HMD as compared with data from other studies that used an AI or a HUD. Conclusions: Results suggest that new HMD attitude symbology needs to be designed to help reduce CREs and, perhaps, SD incidences. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECI, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Liggett, KK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECI, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2210 8th St,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 102 EP 111 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 517KZ UT WOS:000173610900005 PM 11846178 ER PT J AU Diesel, DA Ryles, MT Pilmanis, AA Balldin, UI AF Diesel, DA Ryles, MT Pilmanis, AA Balldin, UI TI Non-invasive measurement of pulmonary artery pressure in humans with simulated altitude-induced venous gas emboli SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pulmonary artery pressure; venous gas emboli; altitude; hypobaric exposure; echo imaging technique ID DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; BUBBLES; LUNG AB Background: Decompression to simulated altitude causes super-saturation of nitrogen desolved in body tissues and can result in venous gas emboli (VGE), which are usually "cleared" in the lung. Large intravenous boli of air administered to animals increase pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and may induce cross-over of gas to the left side of the heart (creating dangerous arterial gas emboli). This study was conducted to determine whether high VGE grades induced at simulated altitude elevate PAP in humans. Methods. Eight human subjects with subclinical tricuspid regurgitation were exposed to simulated altitude of greater than or equal to 24,000 ft (7315 m) for up to 4 h. Systolic PAP was derived from Doppler ultrasound echo imaging measurements of peak flow velocity of the regurgitant jet. VGE was rated using the Spencer scale. A technique of "bubble titration" was employed with changes in exercise and altitude to maintain sufficient bubbles without decompression sickness. Results. All subjects developed grade III-IV VGE, but 3 developed decompression sickness, resulting in earlier termination. Pre-exposure systolic PAP averaged 24.4 +/- 1.3 (SE) mm Hg. After 1, 2, 3 and 4 h, systolic PAP was 23.7 +/- 1.2 (n = 8), 23.4 +/- 1.1 (n = 8), 23.3 +/- 1.0 (n = 6), and 25.9 +/- 0.6 (n = 5) mm Hg, respectively. Systolic PAP remained unchanged, in spite of bubble grades III-IV for up to 4 h Conclusion:As systolic PAP did not increase with hypobaric exposures that created substantial VGE, the bubble loading was not sufficient to overwhelm the lung clearing capacity. The risk of high PAP resulting in VGE cross-over is low during typical operational altitude exposures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEPR,Biodynam & Protect Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Wyle Labs Inc, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Pilmanis, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEPR,Biodynam & Protect Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2504 Gillingham Dr,Suite 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 128 EP 133 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 517KZ UT WOS:000173610900008 PM 11846181 ER PT J AU Pakhomov, AG Gajsek, P Allen, L Stuck, BE Murphy, MR AF Pakhomov, AG Gajsek, P Allen, L Stuck, BE Murphy, MR TI Comparison of dose dependences for bioeffects of continuous-wave and high-peak power microwave emissions using gel-suspended cell cultures SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE high power microwave pulses; specific effects; yeast; growth rate; nonthermal; thermal effects ID FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; EXPOSURE; EFFLUX; CW AB The study compared bioeffects of continuous wave (CW) microwaves and short, extremely high power pulses (EHPP) at the same carrier frequency (9.3 GHz) and average power (1.25 W). The peak transmitted power for EHPP was 250 kW (0.5-mus pulse width, 10 p.p.s.), producing the E field of 1.57 MV/m in the waveguide. A biological endpoint was the density of yeast cells, achieved after a 6 h growth period in a solid nutrient medium (agarose gel) during EHPP or CW exposure. Owing to power losses in the medium, the specific absorption rate (SAR) ranged from 3.2 kW/kg at the exposed surface of the sample to 0.6 mW/kg at 24 mm depth. Absorption and penetration of EHPP was identical to CW, producing peak SAR values 200 000 times higher than the average SAR, as high as 650 MW/kg at the surface. CW and EHPP exposures produced highly nonuniform but identical heating patterns in exposed samples. Following the exposure, the samples were sliced in a plane perpendicular to the wave propagation, in order to separate cell masses exposed at different SAR levels. Cell density in the slices was determined by nephelometry and compared to unexposed parallel control samples. Cell density was strongly affected by irradiation, and the changes correlated well with the local temperature rise. However, the data revealed no statistically significant difference between CW and EHPP samples across the entire studied range of SAR levels (over six orders of magnitude). A trend (P < 0.1) for such a difference was observed in slices that were exposed at a time average SAR of 100 W/kg and higher, which corresponded to peak SAR above 20 MW/kg for the EHPP condition. These numbers could be indicative of a threshold for a specific (not merely thermal) exposure effect if the trend is confirmed by future studies. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 McKesson BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, San Antonio, TX USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), McKesson BioServ, 8308 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM andrei.pakhomov@brooks.af.mil NR 30 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD FEB PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1002/bem.108 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 519AH UT WOS:000173700900008 PM 11835262 ER PT J AU Allen, CS Sponsel, WE Trigo, Y Dirks, MS Flynn, WJ AF Allen, CS Sponsel, WE Trigo, Y Dirks, MS Flynn, WJ TI Comparison of the Frequency Doubling Technology screening algorithm and the Humphrey 24-2 SITA-FAST in a large eye screening SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE frequency doubling perimetry; glaucoma; Humphrey Field Analyser; screening ID VISUAL-FIELD LOSS; GLAUCOMA; PERIMETRY AB Purpose: To compare the Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) C20-1 screening algorithm and the Humphrey Field Analyser II (HFA) 24-2 SITA-FAST in a large eye screening. Methods: In a non-randomized, prospective, free eye screening, the FDT Screening Protocol (C20-1 Screening Algorithm) was administered to 574 attendees (422 men and 152. women, average age 64, range 17-89 years) of the 1998 Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) Convention in San Antonio, Texas. Individuals who failed the FDT (two or more misses out of [7 locations) immediately underwent white-on-white threshold visual field perimetry (HFA 24-2, SITA-FAST). Humphrey visual field analysis included STATPAC and masked evaluations by three glaucoma specialists. Results: Approximately one-tenth of the VFW conference attendees voluntarily presented themselves for screening. Among these 574 volunteers, 69 (12%) failed the FDT and underwent HFA analysis. Eighty-one per cent (56/69) of these FDT failures had abnormal HFA Glaucoma Hemifield Tests, Eighty-eight per cent (61/69) were judged to have nerve fibre type visual field loss on HFA by at least two of three masked examiners, A positive correlation existed between the number of FDT locations missed and the HFA mean deviation (r = 0.5, P = 0.0001). A similar association was observed when FDT and HFA results were analysed by quadrant (r = 0.5, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: There was a low false positive rate and a good positive predictive value comparing the FDT screening algorithm to the HFA 24-2 SITA-FAST in this study. This supports the potential use of FDT as an economical screening device. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium O, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Sponsel, WE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MC 6230, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA PI CARLTON PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA SN 1442-6404 J9 CLIN EXP OPHTHALMOL JI Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1046/j.1442-9071.2002.00478.x PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 551FW UT WOS:000175550100003 PM 11885802 ER PT J AU Harris-Stith, CTPR Elston, CDM AF Harris-Stith, CTPR Elston, CDM TI Tuberous sclerosis SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID CONSENSUS CONFERENCE; COMPLEX; ANGIOFIBROMAS; SKIN AB Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with a significant range of clinical expression. Renal, pulmonary, central nervous system, and cardiac complications may result in severe morbidity, Early recognition of the syndrome is important to ensure prompt identification of systemic involvement. We review the clinical features of tuberous sclerosis and discuss recent advances in our understanding of its pathogenesis and appropriate management. C1 USA, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Dermatol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Elston, CDM (reprint author), USA, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 2002 VL 69 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 524DF UT WOS:000173996200006 ER PT J AU Kumar, B Rodrigues, SJ Spry, RJ AF Kumar, B Rodrigues, SJ Spry, RJ TI Dipoles and their possible effects on conductivity in polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE composite electrolytes; conductivity; mechanical stretching; dipole orientation; charge carriers ID ENHANCEMENT; BATIO3 AB This paper conceptualizes and discusses the physical existence of electrically active dipoles in polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes. The concept of physical existence of dipoles is supported by experimental evidences that include time dependence, de field assisted variation, and mechanically induced effects on conductivity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kumar, B (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk,KL 501, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1275 EP 1281 AR PII S0013-4686(01)00840-4 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(01)00840-4 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 537FC UT WOS:000174747300012 ER PT J AU Schooner, SL AF Schooner, SL TI Communicating governance: Will plain English drafting improve regulation? SO GEORGE WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW LA English DT Review ID RULEMAKING; ACT; REFORM; RULES; GOVERNMENT C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 H STREET N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA SN 0016-8076 J9 GEORGE WASH LAW REV JI George Wash. Law Rev. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 BP 163 EP 180 PG 18 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 639YW UT WOS:000180658800003 ER PT J AU Collins, PJ Skinner, JP AF Collins, PJ Skinner, JP TI A hybrid moment method solution for TEz scattering from large planar slot arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE finite arrays; frequency selective surfaces; periodic basis function; physical basis function ID FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SURFACES; RECTANGULAR PATCHES AB This paper develops a hybrid moment method (M-M) based numerical model for the electromagnetic scattering from large finite-by-infinite planar slot arrays. The model incorporates the novel concept of a physical basis function (PBF) to dramatically reduce the number of required unknowns. The model can represent a finite number of slot columns with slots oriented along the infinite axis, surrounded by an arbitrary number of coplanar dielectric slabs. Each slot column can be loaded with a complex impedance, allowing one to tailor the array's edge currents. In developing the model, the authors represent an individual slot column with equivalent magnetic scattering currents on an unbroken perfectly conducting plane. Floquet theory reduces the currents to a single reference element. In the array's central portion, where the edge perturbations have become negligible, the slot column reference elements are combined into a single basis function. Thus, one can represent an arbitrarily large number of slot columns with one PBF. A newly developed one-sided Poisson sum formula provides a convenient means to calculate the mutual coupling between the PBF and the slot columns in the presence of a stratified dielectric media. The array scanning method (ASM) gives the mutual coupling between the individual slot columns. The authors validate the hybrid method using both numerical and experimental reference data. The results clearly demonstrate the method's accuracy as well as its ability to handle array problems too large for traditional MM solutions. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT,ENG,Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Collins, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT,ENG,Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 50 IS 2 BP 145 EP 156 AR PII S0018-926X(02)02637-6 DI 10.1109/8.997983 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 545CU UT WOS:000175199300007 ER PT J AU Baum, CE AF Baum, CE TI Moto Kanda and I on electromagnetic sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article ID PROBES AB This paper summarizes, with a short bibliography of major references, the work of Dr. Motohisa (Moto) Kanda and myself on electromagnetic sensors. This topic of common interest was the subject of many of our discussions over the years. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 16 EP 17 AR PII S0018-9375(02)01455-2 DI 10.1109/15.990706 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 531VX UT WOS:000174438900004 ER PT J AU Baum, CE AF Baum, CE TI General properties of antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE antennas; electromagnetic sensors; reciprocity; transmission/reception AB In antenna design there are some fundamental relationships based on reciprocity. The equivalence of antenna pattern in transmission and reception is well known. Less wen known is the time-derivative relationship going from reception to transmission. These relationships are derived here and expressed in various useful forms. Electric and magnetic dipoles are given special consideration, and the combined form constructed as a terminated TEM transmission line (the BTW antenna) is discussed for its transmission and reception properties. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 AR PII S0018-9375(02)01454-0 DI 10.1109/15.990707 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 531VX UT WOS:000174438900005 ER PT J AU Ganguly, BN Haaland, PD Bletzinger, P Garscadden, A AF Ganguly, BN Haaland, PD Bletzinger, P Garscadden, A TI Two-color Mie-scattering images of uncorrelated and correlated trapped dust in low-frequency helium discharges SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flow discharge; laser light scattering; self-assembled complex ID PLASMAS AB Simultaneous two-color Mie scattering images from the particle size dependent self-assembled trapped dust particles in a low-frequency helium discharge have been measured. The dynamics of the dust ensemble during the discharge switch-off suggests that the long range order in a correlated dust phase can reduce the ion-ion and the electron-ion recombination rates on dust surface by several orders of magnitudes compared to the ambipolar or to free diffusion rates. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mobium Ent, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. ISSI, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Ganguly, BN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 90 EP 91 AR PII S 0093-3813(02)03314-3 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003938 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JP UT WOS:000175845900044 ER PT J AU Morgan, PE Visbal, MR Sadayappan, P AF Morgan, PE Visbal, MR Sadayappan, P TI Development and application of a parallel implicit solver for unsteady viscous flows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE fluids; NIPI; parallel processing; computational fluid dynamics; Navier-Stokes; viscous flow; circular cylinder; rotational oscillating circular cylinder ID OSCILLATING CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; WAKE AB This work investigates the performance and application of a parallel version of a three-dimensional second-order time accurate Navier-Stokes solver based on an implicit approximate-factorization Beam-Warming algorithm. A systematic incremental approach for parallelizing the serial code was developed which ensures that the parallel version of the code produces identical results to the original serial code. The current parallel scheme decomposes the grid using two-dimensional multipartitioning to evenly distribute the work across multiple processors with parallel communication via Message-Passing Interface (NIPI) library. The code's performance has been assessed on three supercomputers: the IBM SP2, IBM SP3 and the Silicon Graphics Origin 2000. The solver is validated for Couette flow, and both steady and unsteady flow over a circular cylinder. Additional applications include both two- and three-dimensional flow over a stationary and a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder. This new solver enables the efficient simulation of large-scale unsteady viscous flows employing grids containing on the order of 10(7) points using available parallel supercomputers. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Dreese Lab 595, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Aeronaut Sci Div, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Visbal, MR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Dreese Lab 595, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 21 EP 36 DI 10.1080/10618560290004008 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 558WW UT WOS:000175991300002 ER PT J AU Sparks, A AF Sparks, A TI Special issue on control of satellite formations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sparks, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VACA, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD FEB-MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 95 EP 96 DI 10.1002/rnc.677 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 528LJ UT WOS:000174245000001 ER PT J AU Wong, H Kapila, V Sparks, AG AF Wong, H Kapila, V Sparks, AG TI Adaptive output feedback tracking control of spacecraft formation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article DE adaptive controls; output feedback; spacecraft formation flying ID ROBOT MANIPULATORS AB In this paper, an adaptive, output feedback control design methodology is presented for a spacecraft formation flying (SFF) system, A Lagrangian derivation of the SFF model is considered to produce position dynamics for follower spacecraft #n relative to follower spacecraft #(n - 1), where n is an arbitrary positive integer, assuming that the leader spacecraft in the formation follows a no-thrust, natural, elliptical orbit. Next. a control law is designed to provide a filtered velocity measurement and a desired adaptive compensation With semi-global, asymptotic, relative position tracking. To show the efficacy of the control algorithm, all desired trajectories are generated online by numerically solving the unperturbed nonlinear SFF dynamics With initial conditions satisfying a no-thrust, natural orbit constraint equation. The proposed control law is simulated for the case of two and three spacecraft and is shown to yield semi-global, asymptotic tracking of the relative position in addition to the convergence of disturbance parameter estimates. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Mfg Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VAAD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kapila, V (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Aerosp & Mfg Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 25 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD FEB-MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 117 EP 139 DI 10.1002/rnc.679 PG 23 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 528LJ UT WOS:000174245000003 ER PT J AU Kang, W Yeh, HH AF Kang, W Yeh, HH TI Co-ordinated attitude control of multi-satellite systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Article C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. AFRL, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 11 TC 74 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD FEB-MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 205 DI 10.1002/rnc.682 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 528LJ UT WOS:000174245000006 ER PT J AU Ledentsov, NN Bimberg, D Ustinov, VM Alferov, ZI Lott, JA AF Ledentsov, NN Bimberg, D Ustinov, VM Alferov, ZI Lott, JA TI Self-organized InGaAs quantum dots for advanced applications in optoelectronics SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM) CY MAY 14-18, 2001 CL NARA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Inst Electr, Informat & Commun Engineers, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dec Assoc, Res & Dev Assoc Future Electron Devices DE quantum dot; laser diode; InGaAs; MBE; VCSEL ID GAAS; LASER; GROWTH; THRESHOLD; SURFACES; GAIN; MODE; SUPERLATTICES; INSERTIONS; OPERATION AB We report on the fabrication of quantum dot (QDs) heterostructures for applications in optoelectronics. Different kinds of QDs are currently used: (i) three-dimensional quantum dots obtained by Stranski-Krastanow or Volmer-Weber growth in the InAs-GaAs material system, (ii) two-dimensionally-shaped QDs formed by submonolayer-insertions in the InAs-GaAs and similar systems, (iii) GaAs QDs formed on a corrugated (31 I)A AlAs surface, (iv) and QDs obtained by spinodal decomposition and activated spinodal decomposition in InGaAs-GaAs and InGaAsN-GaAs material systems. Formation of uniformly sized and shaped QDs is possible in all of these approaches and is mostly governed by thermodynamics. Ultrahigh modal gain and giant optical nonlinearity can be achieved in dense arrays of very small QDs. Long wavelength (1.3-1.6 mum) emission can be achieved using large InAs QDs. Recent advances in growth have made possible the realization of GaAs 1.3 mum continuous wave (CW) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with similar to 0.8 mW output power and long operation lifetime. C1 Tech Univ Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ledentsov, NN (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Hardenbergstr 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RI Ustinov, Viktor/J-3545-2013 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2B BP 949 EP 952 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.949 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 566WM UT WOS:000176451300002 ER PT J AU Miller, JS Pullins, SH Levandier, DJ Chiu, Y Dressler, RA AF Miller, JS Pullins, SH Levandier, DJ Chiu, Y Dressler, RA TI Xenon charge exchange cross sections for electrostatic thruster models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION BEAM MEASUREMENTS; BACKFLOW CONTAMINATION; POTENTIAL CURVES; HALL THRUSTER; ENERGY; STATES; PLUME; CLUSTERS; SYSTEMS; AR-2(+) AB Charge exchange between xenon ions and xenon atoms is the source of a detrimental low energy plasma in the vicinity of electrostatic spacecraft thrusters. Proper modeling of charge-exchange induced spacecraft interactions requires knowledge of the respective charge-exchange cross sections. Guided-ion beam measurements and semiclassical calculations are presented for xenon atom charge-exchange collisions with Xe+ and Xe2+ at energies per ion charge ranging from 1 to 300 eV. The present measurements for the symmetric Xe++Xe exchange system are in good agreement with several earlier experimental studies and semiclassical calculations based on the most recently computed Xe-2(+) interaction potentials. The cross sections are similar to30% higher than predictions by the Rapp and Francis model [D. Rapp and W. E. Francis, J. Chem. Phys. 37, 2631 (1962)]. The present Xe2++Xe symmetric charge exchange measurements are the first to cover the ion energy range from 40 to 600 eV. The cross sections are in good agreement with low-energy drift tube measurements and are significantly lower than previous higher energy measurements. A simple model for symmetric two-electron transfer is proposed that is in good agreement with the present measurements. The onset for the asymmetric charge-exchange process, Xe2++Xe-->2Xe(+), is observed to be at 10 eV. For this process, a cross section of 2.8+/-0.9 Angstrom(2) is measured for a Xe2+ energy of 600 eV. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM rainer.dressler@hanscom.af.mil NR 47 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 3 BP 984 EP 991 DI 10.1063/1.1426246 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 514CF UT WOS:000173418500014 ER PT J AU Nunneley, SA Martin, CC Slauson, JW Hearon, CM Nickerson, LDH Mason, PA AF Nunneley, SA Martin, CC Slauson, JW Hearon, CM Nickerson, LDH Mason, PA TI Changes in regional cerebral metabolism during systemic hyperthermia in humans SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE central nervous system; hypothalamus; positron emission; tomography; thermoregulation ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; FOS EXPRESSION; HUMAN-BRAIN; PET IMAGES; RAT-BRAIN; THERMOREGULATION; STIMULATION; ACTIVATION; PAIN AB Whole body hyperthermia may produce vasodialation, nausea, and altered cognitive function. Animal research has identified brain regions that have important roles in thermoregulation. However, differences in both the cognitive and sweating abilities of humans and animals implicate the need for human research. Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to identify brain regions with altered activity during systemic hyperthermia. Human subjects were studied under cool (control) conditions and during steady-state hyperthermia induced by means of a liquid-conditioned suit perfused with hot water. PET images were obtained by injecting [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose, waiting 20 min for brain uptake, and then scanning for 10 min. Heating was associated with a 23% increase in resting metabolic rate. Significant increases in cerebral metabolic rate occurred in the hypothalamus, thalamus, corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, and cerebellum. In contrast, significant decreases occurred in the caudate, putamen, insula, and posterior cingulum. These results are important for understanding the mechanisms responsible for altered cognitive and systemic responses during hyperthermia. Novel regions (e.g., lateral cerebellum) with possible thermoregulatory roles were identified. C1 USAF, AFRL, HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Res Imaging Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. HumAN Syst Wing, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NE Illinois Univ, Chicago, IL 60625 USA. RP Mason, PA (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, HEDR, Bldg 1162,8315 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 92 IS 2 BP 846 EP 851 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 511YB UT WOS:000173293400054 PM 11796700 ER PT J AU Heinemann, M AF Heinemann, M TI Effects of solar wind inhomogeneities on transit times of interplanetary shock waves SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE interplanetary shocks; solar wind plasma; corotating streams; MHD theory ID FLARE-ASSOCIATED DISTURBANCES; 3-DIMENSIONAL MHD SIMULATION; MASS EJECTIONS CMES; STREAMER BELT; 1 AU; PROPAGATION; PREDICTION; MODELS AB Long-term forecasting, greater than a few hours, of geomagnetic activity requires reasonably accurate estimates of the arrival times of interplanetary shock waves of solar origin. The shock waves travel through an inhomogencous interplanetary medium. Two major sources of uncertainty in estimates of arrival times are the variations of the velocity and the density of the ambient rnedium. The theory of propagation of strong shock waves through inhomogeneous media relates errors of estimate of shock arrival time to the inhomogeneities and shows that increases in the velocity along the Sun-Earth line lead to decreases in transit time and increases in the density lead to increases in transit time. The uncertainties in arrival time in both cases are proportional, in the linear approximation underlying the theory, to the perturbations or uncertainties in the velocity and density. The theory is applied to shock propagation through corotating inhomogeneities and used to calculate variances of arrival times using solar wind data. Four cases with different heliocentric radial dependences of density perturbation and fiducial shock speeds are considered. Numerical results based on NSSDC OMNI data give a variance of about 12-24 h for a fiducial transit time of 48 h, depending on the model for the inhomogeneities. In the most plausible model, in which the density inhomogeneitics deltap/p increase linearly with heliocentric radius and the fiducial shock speed is proportional to the inverse square root of the radius, the ratio of variance to transit time is about 0.25, independent of fiducial transit time. The results are in general agreement with observations, suggesting that much of the variance of observed transit times results from the influence of interplanetary inhomogencities. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Heinemann, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 64 IS 3 BP 315 EP 325 AR PII S1364-6826(01)00104-3 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(01)00104-3 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 535HF UT WOS:000174638600004 ER PT J AU Meinardus, HW Dwarakanath, V Ewing, J Hirasaki, GJ Jackson, RE Jin, M Ginn, JS Londergan, JT Miller, CA Pope, GA AF Meinardus, HW Dwarakanath, V Ewing, J Hirasaki, GJ Jackson, RE Jin, M Ginn, JS Londergan, JT Miller, CA Pope, GA TI Performance assessment of NAPL remediation in heterogeneous alluvium SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE NAPL; PITT; tracer test; surfactant; heterogeneity; performance assessment ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; MASS-TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; SATURATED SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; PARTITIONING TRACER TESTS; POROUS-MEDIA; FIELD EXPERIMENT; TRANSFER RATES; SOURCE ZONE; DISSOLUTION; DNAPL AB Over the last few years, more than 40 partitioning interwell tracer tests (PITTs) have been conducted at many different sites to measure nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) saturations in the subsurface. While the main goal of these PITTs was to estimate the NAPL volume in the subsurface, some were specifically conducted to assess the performance of remedial actions involving NAPL removal. In this paper, we present a quantitative approach to assess the performance of remedial actions to recover NAPL that can be used to assess any NAPL removal technology. It combines the use of PITTs (to estimate the NAPL volume in the swept pore volume between injection and extraction wells of a test area) with the use of several cores to determine the vertical NAPL distribution in the subsurfiace. We illustrate the effectiveness of such an approach by assessing the performance of a surfactant/foarn flood conducted at Hill Air Force Base, UT, to remove a TCE-rich NAPL from alluvium with permeability contrasts as high as one order of magnitude. In addition, we compare the NAPL volumes determined by the PITTs with volumes estimated through geostatistical interpolation of aquifer sediment core data collected with a vertical frequency of 5-10 cm and a lateral borehole spacing of 0.15 m. We demonstrate the use of several innovations including the explicit estimation of not only the errors associated with NAPL volumes and saturations derived from PITTs but also the heterogeneity of the aquifer sediments based upon permeability estimates. Most importantly, we demonstrate the reliability of the PITT in strongly heterogeneous aquifersediments-a feature of particular importance at those sites where the volume of NAPL-contaminated aquifer sediments is too large to afford soil coring at a density of sampling that yields similar NAPL volumes as the PITT. Finally, the data support the proposed performance assessment protocol for NAPL remediation combining the use of PITTs and several aquifer sediment cores for vertical definition of the NAPL geometry. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Engn & Serv, Austin, TX 78758 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77006 USA. Environm Restorat Div, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Petr & Geosyst Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Jackson, RE (reprint author), Duke Engn & Serv, 9111 Res Blvd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. NR 40 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 193 AR PII S0169-7722(01)00161-9 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00161-9 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 524WZ UT WOS:000174037000001 PM 11900327 ER PT J AU Tassev, V Bliss, D Suscavage, M Paduano, QS Wang, SQ Bouthillette, L AF Tassev, V Bliss, D Suscavage, M Paduano, QS Wang, SQ Bouthillette, L TI Iodine vapor phase growth of GaN: dependence of epitaxial growth rate on process parameters SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE characterization; nucleation; vapor phase epitaxy; halides; nitrides ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; LAYERS AB High quality GaN epitaxial films have been grown on sapphire using iodine vapor phase growth (IVPG). The growth mechanism has been investigated to determine the effect of pressure, flow rate, and V-III ratio on the crystalline quality of GaN epi-lavers. A major distinction between this process and conventional hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) is the replacement of HCl gas by iodine as a reactant. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen, and forming gas or hydrogen is used as carrier gas, C-plane sapphire wafers with pre-deposited 1 mum MOCVD films were used as substrates. Growth conditions were investigated in the range of pressure between 1 and 0.1 atmosphere, while maintaining the same temperature gradient and mass flow rates for the reactant gases. Within these parameters, it was found that the fastest growth rate for GaN layers is obtained at vapor pressures close to equilibrium. The data indicates crystal quality is also optimized under these conditions. Crystal quality was determined from the FWHM of X-ray rocking curves and room temperature photoluminescence (PL). The crystal quality was found to improve under conditions where the ambient pressure and supersaturation approach equilibrium. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Bliss, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD FEB PY 2002 VL 235 IS 1-4 BP 140 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01897-8 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 519TY UT WOS:000173742600022 ER PT J AU Dennis, ST Baylot, JT Woodson, SC AF Dennis, ST Baylot, JT Woodson, SC TI Response of 1/4-scale concrete masonry unit (CMU) walls to blast SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article DE concrete masonry; walls; blasting; explosives AB The exterior walls of conventional structures are often constructed using concrete masonry units (CMUs), commonly called concrete blocks. A series of experiments was conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center to determine the response of a one-way 1/4-scale CMU wall to the detonation of an explosive charge. Finite-element analyses were developed to predict the results of these experiments. Each CMU was modeled with eight-node continuum elements. Adjacent CMUs were tied together using a slide surface that models a rigid connection until a failure criterion is met. Based on the analyses, a charge standoff was selected to induce a near-failure response. Five blast-load experiments were conducted. Both pre- and posttest analyses compare reasonably well with experimental results. C1 USAF Acad, DFEM, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Dennis, ST (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFEM, Headquarters,2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H2, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2002 VL 128 IS 2 BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:2(134) PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 516VD UT WOS:000173576700001 ER PT J AU Bouhram, M Dubouloz, N Malingre, M Jasperse, JR Pottelette, R Senior, C Delcourt, D Carlson, CW Roth, I Berthomier, M Sauvaud, JA AF Bouhram, M Dubouloz, N Malingre, M Jasperse, JR Pottelette, R Senior, C Delcourt, D Carlson, CW Roth, I Berthomier, M Sauvaud, JA TI Ion outflow and associated perpendicular heating in the cusp observed by Interball Auroral Probe and Fast Auroral Snapshot SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOW-ALTITUDE; FIELD LINES; 2 ALTITUDES; POLAR CUSP; O+ IONS; WAVES; ACCELERATION; ENERGIZATION; PLASMA AB [1] The spatial properties of ionospheric ion outflows associated with perpendicular heating processes in the cusp are studied using a conjunction study from two satellites and ground radar systems. Low-energy outflowing ions are measured in a wide longitudinal range, between 13,000 and 19,000 km in altitude, over the dayside polar cap by the Hyperboloid experiment aboard the Interball Auroral Probe (AP). These observations are related to conjugate convection field measurements by the Saskatoon-Kapuskasing pair of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). Data analysis suggests that outflowing ions originate from a wide magnetic local time range associated with both the dayside cusp region and the dayside cleft region. A direct cusp crossing by the Fast Auroral Snapshot (FAST) satellite at 2000-km altitude shows a correlation between transverse ion heating in a thin latitudinal region (similar to1.3degrees) and the presence of broadband extremely low frequency (BBELF) turbulence, in addition to more intense electrostatic waves near and just above the lower hybrid (LH) frequency. This event is unusual because on the basis of the statistical survey of Freja and FAST data, most of the ion-heating events in the midaltitude auroral zone are correlated with enhanced emissions in the BBELF range. Furthermore, the electron population has energies that are too small to drive LH waves unstable. This event offers the opportunity to analyze the contribution of cusp magnetospheric ion injections to the heating of the ambient H+ and O+ ions. Kinetic instability calculations demonstrate that LH waves are destabilized by the ring distributions, which result from injections of high-energy magnetosheath ions. Calculations show that a preheating mechanism by BBELF turbulence near the ion gyrofrequencies is also required so that LH heating is able to occur. The altitude dependence of the LH perpendicular heating is then analyzed by modeling the transport of the injected magnetospheric ions along magnetic field lines. It is shown that LH heating acts as an additional process from 2000 up to 10,000 km in altitude. In addition, trajectory calculations show that the low-energy outflowing H+ and O+ ions observed along Interball AP orbit in the polar cap are heated inside the cusp at altitudes extending up to 15, 000 km. These results are then assembled to construct a possible heating scenario inside the cusp for this data set. The contribution of the different energization mechanisms to the ion heating as a function of altitude is then discussed. C1 Ctr Etud Environm Terr & Planetaires, F-94100 St Maur, France. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. RP Bouhram, M (reprint author), Ctr Etud Environm Terr & Planetaires, F-94100 St Maur, France. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS A2 AR 1023 DI 10.1029/2001JA000091 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 609MF UT WOS:000178907600009 ER PT J AU Crooker, NU Gosling, JT Kahler, SW AF Crooker, NU Gosling, JT Kahler, SW TI Reducing heliospheric magnetic flux from coronal mass ejections without disconnection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coronal mass ejections; magnetic flux catastrophe; heliospheric magnetic flux ID HIGH HELIOGRAPHIC LATITUDES; SOLAR-WIND; FIELD; EVENTS; RECONNECTION; ELECTRONS; SUN; TOPOLOGY; CLOUD; CANCELLATION AB [1] Until 1995, disconnection at the Sun was thought to be the only solution to the problem of balancing the magnetic flux coronal mass ejections (CMEs) added to the heliosphere, in spite of the fact that the expected solar wind signature of disconnection was rare. Disconnection was pictured as merging between open field lines to create completely disconnected U-shaped structures or merging between closed field lines to create, in two dimensions, completely disconnected plasmoids. Since 1995, both theoretical and observational studies have made important contributions toward a revision of this solution. On the basis of a synthesis of these studies, we suggest that the primary flux balancing mechanism is not complete disconnection but rather merging between closed and open fields, which we call "interchange reconnection.'' Disconnection on closed fields plays a role but, in three dimensions, only as a partial process that prevents expansion of arcade loops into the heliosphere by creating helical fields still connected to the Sun. We suggest that interchange reconnection occurs in the leg of a CME until it is completely open, long after its leading edge has departed from the vicinity of the Sun, and we discuss preliminary findings from Ulysses testing this view. Further, we suggest that interchange reconnection in CMEs may be driven by the large-scale circulation of open field lines required by the Fisk model. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Crooker, NU (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM crooker@bu.edu NR 36 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS A2 AR 1028 DI 10.1029/2001JA000236 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 609MF UT WOS:000178907600005 ER PT J AU Whalen, JA AF Whalen, JA TI Dependence of equatorial bubbles and bottomside spread F on season, magnetic activity, and E x B drift velocity during solar maximum SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTER PLUMES; DIP LATITUDE; IRREGULARITIES; EVOLUTION; REGION; DEPLETIONS; GENERATION; GROWTH; LAYER; RADAR AB [1] Equatorial bubbles occur sporadically, so that the resulting scintillation that disrupts transionospheric RF propagation is unpredictable. Furthermore, this randomness prevents the systematic observation of the formation of bubbles necessary for making progress in their prediction. However, recent results indicate that a necessary condition for bubble formation is bottomside spread F (BSSF); that BSSF is a function of the F region dynamo electric field; and that this field is dependent on magnetic activity and on season. This work measures these conditions using an array of ionospheric sounders in conjunction with other spread F observations, all of which are ground-based, in the western American sector, during solar maximum. Three spread F levels are observed: total BSSF and strong BSSF, both measured near the dip equator, and macroscopic bubbles measured at the equatorial anomaly. The three independently measured thresholds form a hierarchy in which macroscopic bubbles are a subset of strong BSSF, which is a subset of total BSSF. Each level decreases as a linear function of Kp averaged in the 6 hours preceding observation during March, April, September, and October, and during November-February; however, during May-August the levels are small and are independent of Kp. As a result, the probability of occurrence of each level, most importantly of macroscopic bubbles, is a quantitative function of Kp and season. The seasonal variation of Kp dependence indicates that the suppression of irregularities results from the decrease in the maximum prereversal vertical drift velocity of the equatorial F layer and therefore from the decrease in the eastward electric field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Whalen, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS A2 AR 1024 DI 10.1029/2001JA000039 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 609MF UT WOS:000178907600010 ER PT J AU Wimmer, AP Shapiro, ML AF Wimmer, AP Shapiro, ML TI The "window" of slow pathway conduction after ablation and recurrence of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia SO JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia; radiofrequency catheter ablation; modification; slow pathway; dual atrioventricular nodal physiology; recurrence; antegrade atrioventricular nodal conduction curves ID RADIOFREQUENCY CATHETER ABLATION; SELECTIVE ABLATION; ELIMINATION; ENERGY AB Introduction: Slow pathway (SP) conduction often persists following radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). An association between persistent SP conduction, as evidenced by discontinuous AV nodal conduction curves, and recurrent tachycardia has not been established. Of note, the segment of the curve attributable to SP conduction (the "window" of SP conduction) varies. This study examined whether the maximal post-ablation SP conduction window length differs in patients who later have recurrent tachycardia when compared with those who do not recur. Methods and Results: Electrophysiologic study data were compared in two groups who had undergone RF ablation of the SP for typical AVNRT at a single center from 1992-1998. The groups, consisting of seven known recurrences (Group A) and 50 non-recurrences confirmed through a follow-up survey and phone contact (Group B), were similar in gender proportion, age, baseline electrophysiologic data, and number of RF deliveries. Four patients (57%) from Group A and 26 (52%) from Group B exhibited discontinuous AV nodal conduction curves after ablation. The maximum post-ablation window lengths among patients with dual AV nodal physiology varied widely and similarly in the two groups, and the means did not significantly differ (53+/-47 msec in Group A vs. 36+/-31 msec in Group B; p=0.36). Conclusion: Persistent SP conduction post-ablation in this series was a common finding not predictive of recurrence. No difference in the maximum SP conduction window post-ablation was evident between recurrences and non-recurrences. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Wimmer, AP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 759 MDOS-MMIM,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-875X J9 J INTERV CARD ELECTR JI J. Interv. Card. Electrophysiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 6 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1023/A:1014183401028 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 520VR UT WOS:000173803500007 PM 11839883 ER PT J AU Du, J Longobardi, J Latham, WP Kar, A AF Du, J Longobardi, J Latham, WP Kar, A TI Laser marginal lap microwelding for ultrathin sheet metal SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser welding; thin sheet metal; heat conduction model; microwelding AB Butt welding is practically difficult for sheet metals as thin as 50-100 mum. A new concept called marginal lap welding is developed in this study to produce continuous and distortion-free welds for such thin sheets. The energy loss due to heat conduction into the clamps becomes significant under this situation, and therefore, the input laser power to produce an effective weld increases. This article investigates the effects of heat loss during marginal lap welding of ultrathin stainless-steel (SS316L) sheets experimentally and theoretically. A mathematical model is developed to calculate the amount of conduction heat loss and the weld geometry. The results show that a smaller clamp gap causes more heat loss into the clamps and generates a narrow heat-affected zone, which is found to be beneficial to the corrosion resistance of the weldment. (C) 2002 Laser Institute of America. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Met Tech Ind, Iowa Falls, IA 50126 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Du, J (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 4 EP 8 DI 10.2351/1.1418705 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 528RM UT WOS:000174256800003 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, RJ AF Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, RJ TI A procedure for laser hazard classification under the Z136.1-2000 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; ANSI laser standard; maximum permissible exposure (MPE) to lasers; accessible emission limit (AEL); pulsed lasers; laser hazard classification ID PRIMATE EYE; PULSES; LESIONS AB Over the past few years, a comprehensive rewrite of the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z136.1) has been conducted. The ANSI Z136.1 is a user standard, as opposed to a manufacturer standard like the Federal Laser Product Performance Standard. As such, differing philosophies for hazard classification and application of safety control measures apply, based upon the user's perspective. Here we present the second in a series of tutorial articles designed to clarify laser hazard analysis procedures under this new ANSI Standard. The procedure presented allows the reader to effectively determine the appropriate hazard classification for a small-source laser by using known laser output parameters in a step-by-step analysis. (C) 2002 Laser Institute of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, CHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Rockwell Laser Ind, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.2351/1.1436484 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 528RM UT WOS:000174256800012 ER PT J AU Naik, RR Brott, LL Clarson, SJ Stone, MO AF Naik, RR Brott, LL Clarson, SJ Stone, MO TI Silica-precipitating peptides isolated from a combinatorial phage display peptide library SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phage display; biomineralization; silica; inorganics; biomimetics ID BIOMINERALIZATION; POLYMERIZATION AB Many biological organisms contain specialized structures composed of inorganic materials. Cellular processes in vivo facilitate the organized assembly of mineral building blocks into complex structures. The structural hierarchy and complexity across a range of length scales are providing new ideas and concepts for materials chemistry. Proteins that direct biomineralization can be used to control the production of nanostructured materials and facilitate the fabrication of new structures. Here, we demonstrate that some of the silica-binding peptides isolated from a combinatorial phage peptide display library can be used in precipitating silica from a solution of silicic acid. The results described in this report demonstrate that peptides displayed by phages act as templates in inorganic material synthesis and provide a means of understanding how some of the biological systems may be carrying out materials chemistry in vivo. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Stone, MO (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 205 Z9 206 U1 1 U2 68 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1166/jnn.2002.074 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 534BN UT WOS:000174564900015 PM 12908327 ER PT J AU Jumper, JM McCauley, MB Equi, RA Duncan, KG Duncan, J Schwartz, DM AF Jumper, JM McCauley, MB Equi, RA Duncan, KG Duncan, J Schwartz, DM TI Corneal toxicity of Intraocular hyaluronidase SO JOURNAL OF OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO) CY MAY 09-14, 1999 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol, Natl Hlth Public Serv Award, Childrens Hosp, Res Fdn ID SODIUM HYALURONATE; OUTFLOW FACILITY; RABBIT; ENDOTHELIUM; PRESSURE; THIMEROSAL; EFFICACY; SAFETY AB The purpose of this study was to examine the corneal toxicity of different preparations of intraocular hyaluronidase. SDS-PAGE analysis of bovine testicular hyaluronidase (Wydase(R)) and chromatographically purified hyaluronidase (Sigma(R)) was performed. These two preparations were injected into the anterior chamber of rabbits in amounts ranging from 1.5-150 IU (Wydase(R)) and 1.5-300 IU (Sigma(R)). A third set of rabbit eyes received Wydase(R) vehicle alone or in combination with Sigma(R) hyaluronidase. Treated control eyes were injected with saline. Slit lamp examination and indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 7. Light microscopy of the corneas was performed. SDS-PAGE of Wydase(R) revealed numerous protein impurities, while Sigma(R) demonstrated one protein band consistent with mammalian hyaluronidase. Persistent corneal edema, severe anterior chamber fibrin, and endothelial necrosis, were seen in the majority of eyes injected with Wydase(R) in amounts of 50 IU and greater (n = 11). Thirty percent (30%) of the eyes injected with the Sigma(R) preparation (n = 11) had localized corneal opacity similar to 50% of eyes injected with saline (n = 2). Of the rabbit eyes injected with the Wydase(R) vehicle (n = 19), 68% had toxic changes. Intracameral injection of Wydase(R) is toxic to the rabbit cornea in amounts of 50 IU and greater. A chromatographically purified preparation showed only transient local toxicity. Toxicity of Wydase(R) may be due to protein impurities and the thimerosal-containing vehicle. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Jumper, JM (reprint author), 59 MDW MCST,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1080-7683 J9 J OCUL PHARMACOL TH JI J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1089/108076802317233252 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Ophthalmology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 516JP UT WOS:000173550400010 PM 11858619 ER PT J AU Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V Nizette, M Erneux, T Simpson, TB AF Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V Nizette, M Erneux, T Simpson, TB TI Period three limit-cycles in injected semiconductor lasers SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS B-QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE semiconductor laser; optical injection; period three oscillations ID OPTICAL-INJECTION; BIFURCATION; MODULATION; SUBJECT; DIODE; CHAOS; ATTRACTORS; DYNAMICS AB Experiments showing period three intensity oscillations are reported for a semiconductor laser subject to external injection. These oscillations appear close to a period doubling bifurcation of the fundamental laser limit-cycle. We show numerically that they correspond to an isolated branch of solutions of the laser rate equations. We also show that the sequence of numerical spectra for the period one, period two and period three limit-cycle regimes compare well with the experimental spectra obtained by progressively increasing the injection rate. Finally, we investigate the period three branch of solutions by using a numerical continuation method that follows both stable and unstable solutions. C1 USAF, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Jaycor Inc, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Gavrielides, A (reprint author), USAF, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4266 J9 J OPT B-QUANTUM S O JI J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 AR PII S1464-4266(02)30699-2 DI 10.1088/1464-4266/4/1/303 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 550FL UT WOS:000175492900005 ER PT J AU Sanchez, EK Ha, S Grim, J Skowronski, M Vetter, WM Dudley, M Bertke, R Mitchel, WC AF Sanchez, EK Ha, S Grim, J Skowronski, M Vetter, WM Dudley, M Bertke, R Mitchel, WC TI Assessment of polishing-related surface damage in silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFECTS; GROWTH AB The subsurface damage generated by the polishing of silicon carbide crystals was investigated by measuring dislocation densities in sublimation grown SiC layers and through the use of high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Physical vapor transport growth on silicon carbide seeds, with a typical polishing finish using 1 mum diamond paste, leads to the nucleation of threading edge dislocations of density on the order of 10(7) cm(-2) and threading screw dislocations of density on the order of 10(6) cm(-2). Chemical mechanical polishing lowered the dislocation density by four orders of magnitude for threading screw dislocations and two orders of magnitude for threading edge dislocations. Controlled high temperature hydrogen etching was used to determine the depth of damage produced by mechanical polishing and it was found to be 700 +/- 300 Angstrom. Diffuse scattering from mechanically polished, chemical mechanically polished, and hydrogen etched SiC crystals were quantified by triple axis high-resolution X-ray diffraction. A consistent trend of decreasing diffuse scattering intensity was observed in mechanically polished, chemical mechanically polished, and hydrogen etched surfaces. Root mean squared (rms) roughness measurements of the surface finishes, obtained with atomic force microscopy, were in agreement with the high-resolution X-ray diffraction results. The mechanically polished surfaces had an rms roughness that was two to three times larger than the chemical mechanically polished surfaces. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sanchez, EK (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Skowronski, Marek/A-8934-2011 OI Skowronski, Marek/0000-0002-2087-0068 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 149 IS 2 BP G131 EP G136 DI 10.1149/1.1430416 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 521QX UT WOS:000173853800048 ER PT J AU Marciante, JR Roh, WB AF Marciante, JR Roh, WB TI Spatio-temporal nature of the optical return field generated by four-wave mixing in photorefractive and Kerr materials SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CONJUGATE FEEDBACK; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; INJECTION LOCKING; DIODE-LASER; MIRROR; SPEED; NOISE; LINEWIDTH; CRYSTAL; BATIO3 AB We have theoretically analyzed the return field produced by an externally pumped Kerr medium, an externally pumped photo refractive medium, and a self-pumped photorefractive medium, for an input field with arbitrary spatial and temporal characteristics. For a stationary beam with spatial structure, all three cases yield a spatial phase-conjugate return beam. For a beam with dynamic fluctuations, each case returns a field with different temporal character. For the case of a self-pumped photorefractor, it is found that the dynamics of the return beam are represented by a conventional reflection rather than a temporal phase conjugate. While this geometry may have been thought of as a simple way to provide phase-conjugate feedback for dynamic stabilization in semiconductor lasers. an in-depth analysis shows that our theoretical findings agree with previously reported experimental results. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Corning Rochester Photon Corp, Rochester, NY 14626 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marciante, JR (reprint author), Corning Rochester Photon Corp, 115 Canal Landing Blvd, Rochester, NY 14626 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.000254 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 522HY UT WOS:000173891500011 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, TE Hallett, JW Noel, AA Jenkins, G Bower, TC Cherry, KJ Panneton, JM Gloviczki, P AF Rasmussen, TE Hallett, JW Noel, AA Jenkins, G Bower, TC Cherry, KJ Panneton, JM Gloviczki, P TI Early abdominal closure with mesh reduces multiple organ failure after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: Guidelines from a 10-year case-control study SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Vascular-Surgery CY JUN 10-11, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Soc Vasc Surg ID INCREASED INTRAABDOMINAL PRESSURE; BLOOD-FLOW; COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; SYSTEM FAILURE; ARTERIAL; EXPERIENCE; PULMONARY AB Objective: The objectives of this study were the comparison of patients who needed mesh closure of the abdomen with patients who underwent standard abdominal closure after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and the determination of the impact of timing of mesh closure on multiple organ failure (MOF) and mortality. Methods: We performed a case-control study of patients who needed mesh-based abdominal closure (n=45) as compared with patients who underwent primary closure (n=90) after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Results: Before surgery, the patients who needed mesh abdominal closure had more blood loss (8 g versus 12 g of hemoglobin, P<.05), had prolonged hypotension (18 minutes versus 3 minutes, P<.01), and more frequently needed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (31% versus 2%, P<.01) than did the patients who underwent primary closure. During surgery, the patients who needed mesh closure also had more severe acidosis (base deficit, 14 versus, P<.01), had profound hypothermia (32degreesC versus 35degreesC; P<.01), and needed more fluid resuscitation (4.0 L/h versus 2.7 L/h, P<.01). With this adverse clinical profile, the patients who needed mesh closure had a higher mortality rate than did the patients who underwent primary closure (56% versus 9%, P<.01). However, the patients who underwent mesh closure at the initial operation (n=35) had lower MOF scores (P<.05), a lower mortality rate (51% versus 70%), and were less likely to die from MOF (11% versus 70%; P<.05) than the patients who underwent mesh closure after a second operation in the postoperative period for abdominal compartment syndrome (n=10). Conclusion: This study reports the largest experience of mesh-based abdominal closure after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and defines clinical predictors for patients who need to undergo this technique. Recognition of these predictors and initial use of mesh closure minimize abdominal compartment syndrome and reduce the rate of mortality as the result of MOF. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Mayo Clin, Div Vasc Surg, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin, Biostat Sect, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Grad Sch Med, Rochester, MN USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), USAF, Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 34 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 246 EP 253 DI 10.1067/mva.2002.120384 PG 8 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 526JH UT WOS:000174126600007 PM 11854721 ER PT J AU Lanning, DB Nicholas, T Haritos, GK AF Lanning, DB Nicholas, T Haritos, GK TI Effect of plastic prestrain on high cycle fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE high cycle fatigue; plastic strain; compression; prestrain; titanium; Ti-6Al-4V; step-loading ID SHEET AB The effect of initial plastic strain on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) lives of smooth cylindrical Ti-6Al-4V specimens is investigated. Specimens were monotonically, quasi-statically loaded under strain control in tension to produce plastic strains from 1% to 5% and under load control in compression to produce 9.5% plastic strain. A step-loading technique was then employed to establish the 10(6) or 10(7) cycle fatigue limit stress under load control conditions for stress ratios of R = 0.1, 0.5 and 0.8 at frequencies of either f = 50 or 400 Hz. Results are compared with baseline fatigue limit stresses for Ti-6Al-4V without prior plastic strain. Initial plastic prestrain in both tension and compression resulted in a small reduction in the fatigue limit at R = 0.1, while a lesser reduction was exhibited at higher stress ratios in terms of maximum stress. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Coll Engn, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lanning, DB (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Coll Engn, 3200 Willow Creek Rd, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 AR PII S0167-6636(01)00105-3 DI 10.1016/S0167-6636(01)00105-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 527TB UT WOS:000174202300004 ER PT J AU Fries, MH Holt, C Carpenter, I Carter, CL Daniels, J Flanagan, J Murphy, K Hailey, BJ Martin, L Hume, R Hudson, G Cadman, M Weatherly, R Nunes, MME AF Fries, MH Holt, C Carpenter, I Carter, CL Daniels, J Flanagan, J Murphy, K Hailey, BJ Martin, L Hume, R Hudson, G Cadman, M Weatherly, R Nunes, MME TI Guidelines for evaluation of patients at risk for inherited breast and ovarian cancer: Recommendations of the Department of Defense Familial Breast/Ovarian Cancer Research Project SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PROPHYLACTIC MASTECTOMY; BRCA1 MUTATIONS; DECISION-ANALYSIS; LIFE EXPECTANCY; WOMEN; PREDISPOSITION; OOPHORECTOMY; PREVENTION; POPULATION; HISTORY AB Patients at high risk for inherited breast and/or ovarian cancer are frequently encountered in all medical specialties. Department of Defense, Health Affairs funding as part of the Breast Cancer Education and Awareness Program was used to develop a comprehensive program for the identification, counseling, genetic testing, and long-term follow-up of such high-risk patients. This article reports the recommendations for high-risk patient management based on 4 years of evaluation and care, including discussions of the approach to counseling, indications for genetic testing, post-testing counseling, patient surveillance with examination, imagining, and laboratory testing, and suggested options for surgical and chemoprophylaxis as well as lifestyle modifications. C1 USAF, Ctr Med Genet, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. Madigan Army Hosp, Ft Lewis, WA USA. RP Fries, MH (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Med Genet, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100002 PM 11873549 ER PT J AU Fries, MH Holt, C Carpenter, I Carter, CL Daniels, J Flanagan, J Murpy, K Hailey, BJ Martin, L Hume, R Hudson, G Cadman, M Weatherly, R Nunes, ME AF Fries, MH Holt, C Carpenter, I Carter, CL Daniels, J Flanagan, J Murpy, K Hailey, BJ Martin, L Hume, R Hudson, G Cadman, M Weatherly, R Nunes, ME TI Diagnostic criteria for testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2: The experience of the department of Defense Familial Breast/Ovarian Cancer Research Project SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Society-of-Air-Force-Clinical-Surgeons CY APR 04-07, 2000 CL BILOXI, MISSISSIPPI SP Soc AF Clin Surg ID MALE BREAST-CANCER; OVARIAN-CANCER; MUTATION ANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; WOMEN; RISK; GENE AB The Department of Defense Familial Breast/Ovarian Cancer Research Project has offered genetic counseling and testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 on a research basis to patients meeting specific diagnostic criteria, with risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations calculated based on the Couch model. In 2.5 years' 250 patients were evaluated and 101 patients met criteria requirements, including 33 who met criteria in more than one category. Ninety patients elected to undergo DNA testing. In this group of 90 patients, 14 mutations (15.5%) and 16 unclassified variants (17.7%) were identified. The most common inclusion criteria were onset of breast/ovarian cancer before age 45 years (n = 32) and onset of breast/ovarian cancer before age 45 years with strong family history (n = 21). However, when number of mutations and unclassified variants found were compared separately across all diagnostic criteria (including those of more than one capacity) using the 2 statistic, no significant differences were seen among the categories to suggest that one criterion was more predictive of mutations or variants than another. Couch risk values for patients with mutations showed a mean of 14% and ranged from 3.2 to 43.5% (range for all patients, 1.2-69.7%). These findings emphasize the importance of using multiple diagnostic criteria and suggest that a Couch risk value of >3% may be useful in selecting. patients for testing. The data also underscore the necessity of genetic counseling in the testing process, particularly given the large number of unclassified variants diagnosed and their uncertain status for disease predisposition. C1 USAF, Ctr Med Genet, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. Madigan Army Hosp, Ft Lewis, WA USA. RP Fries, MH (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Med Genet, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 99 EP 103 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100003 PM 11873550 ER PT J AU Sherman, PM Belden, CJ Nelson, DA AF Sherman, PM Belden, CJ Nelson, DA TI Magnetic resonance Imaging findings in a case of cytarabine-induced myelopathy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTRATHECAL CHEMOTHERAPY; CYTOSINE-ARABINOSIDE; TOXICITY AB A 44-year-old white male with an isolated central nervous system relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was treated with intrathecal cytarabine. He developed Staphylococcus epidermidis meningitis, which was treated successfully with intrathecal vancomycin. Four weeks after the initiation of intrathecal cytarabine, the patient developed progressive ascending paralysis to the upper cervical level. Initial magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine were normal, and cerebrospinal fluid evaluation showed no evidence of ongoing infection and clearance of lymphoblasts. Three weeks later, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated marked edema and peripheral enhancement of the spinal cord, consistent with cytarabine toxicity. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Sherman, PM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 157 EP 160 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DN UT WOS:000181420100015 PM 11873541 ER PT J AU Intrator, T Taccetti, M Clark, DA Degnan, JH Gale, D Coffey, S Garcia, J Rodriguez, P Sommars, W Marshall, B Wysocki, F Siemon, R Faehl, R Forman, K Bartlett, R Cavazos, T Faehl, RJ Forman, K Frese, MH Fulton, D Gueits, JC Hussey, TW Kirkpatrick, R Kiuttu, GF Lehr, FM Letterio, JD Lindemuth, I McCullough, W Moses, R Peterkin, RE Reinovsky, RE Roderick, NF Ruden, EL Schoenberg, KF Scudder, D Shlachter, J Wurden, GA AF Intrator, T Taccetti, M Clark, DA Degnan, JH Gale, D Coffey, S Garcia, J Rodriguez, P Sommars, W Marshall, B Wysocki, F Siemon, R Faehl, R Forman, K Bartlett, R Cavazos, T Faehl, RJ Forman, K Frese, MH Fulton, D Gueits, JC Hussey, TW Kirkpatrick, R Kiuttu, GF Lehr, FM Letterio, JD Lindemuth, I McCullough, W Moses, R Peterkin, RE Reinovsky, RE Roderick, NF Ruden, EL Schoenberg, KF Scudder, D Shlachter, J Wurden, GA TI Experimental measurements of a converging flux conserver suitable for compressing a field reversed configuration for magnetized target fusion SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC IMPLOSION; LINER AB Data are presented that are part of a first step in establishing the scientific basis of magnetized target fusion (MTF) as a cost effective approach to fusion energy. A radially converging flux compressor shell with characteristics suitable for MTF is demonstrated to be feasible. The key scientific and engineering question for this experiment is whether the large radial force density required to uniformly pinch this cylindrical shell would do so without buckling or kinking its shape. The time evolution of the shell has been measured with several independent diagnostic methods. The uniformity, height to diameter ratio and radial convergence are all better than required to compress a high density field reversed configuration to fusion relevant temperature and density. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. Maxwell Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM USA. Bechtel Nevada Inc, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Intrator, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 211 EP 222 AR PII S0029-5515(02)33477-X DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/2/313 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545JN UT WOS:000175213900013 ER PT J AU Gordon, MC Narula, K O'Shaughnessy, R Barth, WH AF Gordon, MC Narula, K O'Shaughnessy, R Barth, WH TI Complications of third-trimester amniocentesis using continuous ultrasound guidance SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAFETY AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to estimate the risks of third-trimester amniocentesis with continuous ultrasound guidance. METHODS: Cohort study. We reviewed the medical records of women who had an amniocentesis with continuous ultrasound guidance after 30 weeks' gestation at a single institution from January 1991 through December 1994. For procedures performed from January 1991 to February 1994, we obtained information from a chart review. From March 1994 to December 1994, we collected data prospectively. The primary outcome was whether or not there were any complications within 48 hours of the procedure. We also sought to determine any risk factors associated with complications. RESULTS: Complete records and data were available for 562 amniocenteses during the study period. The mean gestational age at the time of amniocentesis was 34.9 weeks. Of the 562 procedures, five (0.8%) were unsuccessful and 50 (9%) required more than one needle stick. The complication rate was 0.7% (95% confidence level (CI) = 0.02%, 1.9%). These included spontaneous labor in a preterm gestation (1), premature rupture of the membranes (1), placental abruption (1), and fetal-maternal hemorrhage (1). No patient required an emergency cesarean delivery and none suffered a perinatal death (95% CI 0, 0.8%). Complications were not associated with the number of needle sticks, the presence of bloody amniotic fluid, or e level of operator experience. CONCLUSIONS: Third-trimester amniocentesis performed with continuous ultrasound guidance has a high success rate and low risk for complications. (C) 2002 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Gordon, MC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 859th MDOS MMNO,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 99 IS 2 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01715-X PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 516CB UT WOS:000173533100016 PM 11814506 ER PT J AU Wilson, BJ Heiman, HS Butler, TJ Negaard, KA DiGeronimo, R AF Wilson, BJ Heiman, HS Butler, TJ Negaard, KA DiGeronimo, R TI A 16-year neonatal/pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation transport experience SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; respiratory insufficiency; congenital heart defects; infant; newborn; infant; child; transportation of patients ID ECMO AB Objective. To characterize the population and survival of neonatal and pediatric patients transported by Wilford Hall Medical Center (WHMC) on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) since 1985. Study Design. A retrospective chart, literature, and database review of pediatric and neonatal patients transported on ECMO by the WHMC ECMO transport team. In addition, a subpopulation analysis was performed comparing neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) placed on ECMO at WHMC with those infants with MAS transported on ECMO. Characteristics of interest for this comparison included disease severity before ECMO, age at initiation of ECMO, survival, ECMO-related complications, and duration of ECMO support. Results. Forty-two patients transported on ECMO were identified: 23 neonatal respiratory cases (survival 57%), 7 pediatric respiratory cases (survival 71%), 4 cardiac cases (survival 50%), and 8 extra-institutional ECMO transports (survival 63%). In the MAS subpopulation, there was significantly greater survival in the in-house group-97% (31/32)-than in the ECMO transport group-75% (9/12); there were no other significant differences between these groups. Overall, no ECMO-related complications leading to patient demise could be identified in the ECMO transport group. Conclusions. ECMO transport, although demonstrating acceptable survival, is a risk-laden modality that should not replace early referral to an ECMO center. C1 San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Med, Sect Newborn Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Childrens Hosp Med Ctr Akron, Div Neonatol, Akron, OH USA. RP DiGeronimo, R (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMNP, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2002 VL 109 IS 2 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1542/peds.109.2.189 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 517FV UT WOS:000173601200023 PM 11826194 ER PT J AU Fong, H Liu, WD Wang, CS Vaia, RA AF Fong, H Liu, WD Wang, CS Vaia, RA TI Generation of electrospun fibers of nylon 6 and nylon 6-montmorillonite nanocomposite SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE electrospinning; nanocomposite; nanofiber ID 6-CLAY HYBRID; ORIENTATION; NANOFIBERS AB Dissolution and reprocessing of exfoliated montmorillonite-nylon 6 (NLS) nanocomposite is demonstrated, illustrating the potential of using polymer nanocomposites as the foundation for fabricating nano- and mesoscopic structures, nanofibers in this case, and thus exerting hierarchical control of morphology and form through the combination of a nanostructured material and a nanoscale fabrication technique. Exfoliated morphology, present in the melt-fabricated NLS nanocomposite, was preserved in cast films and electrospun fibers from hexafluoroisopropanol solution. However, addition of a few percent N,N-dimethyl formamide resulted in agglomeration of the dispersed montmorillonite layers and an overall mixed morphology, demonstrating solvent partitioning and the delicate enthalpic balance necessary to maintain layer dispersion. Fibers and nanofibers of NLS nanocomposite (diameters between 100 and 500 nm) were electrospun from solution, and collected as non-woven fabrics, or as aligned yarns. Together with these cylindrical shaped fibers and nanofibers, ribbon shaped fibers (width similar to 10 mum, thickness similar to 100-200 nm) were also found in the products. The electrospinning process resulted in highly aligned montmorillonite layers (layer normal perpendicular to the fiber axis) and nylon 6 crystallites (layer normal parallel to fiber axis). (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Universal Technol Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Systran Fed Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 318 Z9 335 U1 8 U2 96 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 775 EP 780 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00665-6 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 500CC UT WOS:000172607500015 ER PT J AU Sinsawat, A Putthanarat, S Magoshi, Y Pachter, R Eby, RK AF Sinsawat, A Putthanarat, S Magoshi, Y Pachter, R Eby, RK TI X-ray diffraction and computational studies of the modulus of silk (Bombyx mori) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE longitudinal acoustic dispersion curve; 3D-fluctuations; molecular dynamics ID ELASTIC-MODULUS; CRYSTAL; NYLON-6 AB X-ray diffraction with the assumption of uniform stress has been used for determining the crystal modulus of polymers. Values of the modulus of silk obtained previously using such an approach were found to be an order of magnitude lower than, those obtained by computational modeling. The differences are outside the limits of experimental and computational errors. This study re-examined the values in an improved manner. For the X-ray technique, moduli of different samples along the length of cocoon fibers were measured. The values obtained are 20-28 GPa depending on the crystallinity index and degree of orientation of the samples. For the computational calculation, the longitudinal acoustic mode (LAM) frequency of silk systems having three different c-axis dimensions were calculated. An acoustic dispersion curve was generated from the frequency values. The slope of the curve at the origin gave a crystal modulus of 13 GPa. A 3D-fluctuation analysis yielded an average modulus of approximately 16 GPa. These low values result from the out-of-plane torsioning of molecules in the P-pleated structure of the silk crystals. The experimental and computational results are in reasonable agreement with one another as well as with data reported in the literature for other pleated molecules. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polit Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. CREST, Natl Inst Sericultural & Entomol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. WPAFB, AFRL, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eby, RK (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polit Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB PY 2002 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1323 EP 1330 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00696-6 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 503WJ UT WOS:000172824400033 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS AF Brungart, DS TI Near-field virtual audio displays SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID SOUND LOCALIZATION; AUDITORY LOCALIZATION; HEADPHONE SIMULATION; INTERAURAL TIME; CUES; PERCEPTION; DISTANCE; LISTENER; SPACE; MODEL AB Although virtual audio displays are capable of realistically simulating relatively distant sound sources, they are not yet able to accurately reproduce the spatial auditory cues that occur when sound sources are located near the listener's head. Researchers have long recognized that the binaural difference cues that dominate auditory localization are independent of distance beyond 1 m but change systematically with distance when the source approaches within I m of the listener's head. Recent research has shown that listeners are able to use these binaural cues to determine the distances of nearby sound sources. However, technical challenges in the collection and processing of near-field head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) have thus far prevented the construction of a fully functional near-field audio display. This paper summarizes the current state of research in the localization of nearby sound sources and outlines the technical challenges involved in the creation of a near-field virtual audio display. The potential applications of near-field displays in immersive virtual environments and multimodal interfaces are also discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 93 EP 106 DI 10.1162/105474602317343686 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 534BR UT WOS:000174565200007 ER PT J AU Tanriver, U Longobardi, J Latham, WP Kar, A AF Tanriver, U Longobardi, J Latham, WP Kar, A TI Phase change problem and effects of geometrical constants on weld pool geometry in sheet metal laser welding SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article AB A three-dimensional quasi-state heat conduction Model is presented for the solid/liquid interface in laser welding of thin sheet metals. The vapour plasma phone effect is incorporated into the model by, considering the electromagnetic field equation to determine the laser power reaching the substrate surface after passing through the phone region. Optical properties, such as the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of phone, and the thermal conductivity of the vapour of stainless steel 316 in the plume region were estimated Elliptic-paraboloid weld pool geometry is considered and analytic expressions for temperature distributions are obtained in the solid and liquid regions based on the weld pool geometry. Experimental and theoretical results for the weld depths and widths arc illustrated for process parameters such as the laser power, welding speed, and weld pool shape factors in x and y directions. (C) 2002 IoM Communications Ltd. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt, Laser Aided Mfg Mat & Microproc Lab, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers,Mech Mat & Aerosp Eng, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Met Tech Ind, Iowa City, IA 50126 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tanriver, U (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt, Laser Aided Mfg Mat & Microproc Lab, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers,Mech Mat & Aerosp Eng, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1179/136217102225001485 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 537HP UT WOS:000174753100004 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Uchic, MD Menon, S Miracle, DB AF Senkov, ON Uchic, MD Menon, S Miracle, DB TI Crystallization kinetics of an amorphous TiAl sheet produced by PVD SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE physical vapor deposition; differential thermal analysis; X-ray diffraction; amorphous materials; titanium aluminide; phase transformations ID TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; SELF-DIFFUSION; PHASE; ALLOY AB An amorphous, 150 mum thick freestanding sheet of a TiAl-based alloy was produced by a physical vapor deposition method. The following phase transformations were observed and analyzed using differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction, amorphous --> body centered cubic beta --> hexagonal close-packed alpha --> tetragonal gamma + ordered HCP alpha(2). (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 17 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 AR PII S1359-6462(01)01218-0 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01218-0 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 550NC UT WOS:000175508300002 ER PT J AU Zacharski, LR Ornstein, DL Gabazza, EC D'Alessandro-Gabazza, CN Brugarolas, A Schneider, J AF Zacharski, LR Ornstein, DL Gabazza, EC D'Alessandro-Gabazza, CN Brugarolas, A Schneider, J TI Treatment of malignancy by activation of the plasminogen system SO SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS LA English DT Review DE malignancy; fibrinolysis; plasminogen activation; extracellular matrix ID CELL-ADHESION; CANCER; TUMOR; FIBRINOLYSIS; HEPARIN; LUNG; ANTICOAGULANTS; MODULATION; FIBRINOGEN; THERAPY AB The blood coagulation mechanism in general and the plasminogen system in particular contribute to malignant growth and dissemination in complex ways. This article reviews the extensive literature that has accumulated over the past half-century on effects of plasminogen activation on the natural history of experimental animal and human malignancy. Although the potent enzymes generated upon plasminogen activation may have a direct effect on tumor cells, it is more likely that their mechanism of action is related to disruption of the tumor cell-extracellular matrix interaction. These observations suggest novel approaches to the experimental therapy of cancer. C1 VA Med & Reg Off Ctr, White River Junction, VT 05009 USA. Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Med, Hanover, NH USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Mie Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med 3, Tsu, Mie 514, Japan. Univ Navarra, Fac Med, Dept Oncol, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. RP Zacharski, LR (reprint author), VA Med & Reg Off Ctr, 215 N Main St, White River Junction, VT 05009 USA. NR 120 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0094-6176 J9 SEMIN THROMB HEMOST JI Semin. Thromb. Hemost. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 5 EP 17 DI 10.1055/s-2002-20560 PG 13 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 529PD UT WOS:000174307100002 PM 11885021 ER PT J AU Ornstein, DL Meehan, KR Zacharski, LR AF Ornstein, DL Meehan, KR Zacharski, LR TI The coagulation system as a target for the treatment of human gliomas SO SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE glioma; tissue factor; coagulation; lovastatin; anticoagulants ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; MONOCYTE TISSUE FACTOR; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARINS; HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS; TRANS-RETINOIC ACID; HIGH-GRADE GLIOMAS; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN; COMPRESSION STOCKINGS; CANCER PROCOAGULANT AB Coagulation activation in human gliomas may have two consequences: (1) activation of systemic coagulation reactions leading to the development of venous thromboembolic disease, and (2) stimulation of tumor growth and invasion. Anticoagulation in patients with gliomas, therefore, may not only prevent thrombosis but also have anticancer activity. Tissue factor and thrombin are appropriate targets for intervention, and several drugs are suitable for testing. Low-molecular-weight heparin and direct thrombin inhibitors are useful for reducing thrombin production and activity, and recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor and statins are examples of drugs that target tissue factor directly. This article reviews the implications of coagulation activation in human gliomas and provides a rationale for clinical testing of anticoagulants as part of a treatment strategy for this devastating human cancer. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDW, MMIH, Special Hematol & Coagulat Lab, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Sect, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. Dartmouth Med Sch, Hanover, NH USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, White River Junction, VT USA. RP Ornstein, DL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDW, MMIH, Special Hematol & Coagulat Lab, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 76 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0094-6176 J9 SEMIN THROMB HEMOST JI Semin. Thromb. Hemost. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1055/s-2002-20561 PG 9 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 529PD UT WOS:000174307100003 PM 11885022 ER PT J AU Jordan, MH Feild, HS Armenakis, AA AF Jordan, MH Feild, HS Armenakis, AA TI The relationship of group process variables and team performance - A team-level analysis in a field setting SO SMALL GROUP RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MEMBER EXCHANGE; WORK GROUPS; PERSONALITY; CONSTRUCT; COHESION; BEHAVIOR; OUTCOMES; POTENCY AB The efficacy of three group process variables-group potency, social cohesion, and team-member exchange-in explaining team performance was examined for 648 military officers working in 50 self-managed teams over a 5-week period. Team performance was assessed on two objective criteria (mental task performance and physical task performance) and one subjective criterion (commander team performance ratings). Each of the group process variables was related to at least one aspect of team performance. Of the three group process variables, group potency exhibited the greatest predictive efficacy as it explained unique variance in team performance over that accounted for by both social cohesion and team-member exchange. C1 USAF, Air COmmand & Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Business, Dept Management, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Jordan, MH (reprint author), USAF, Air COmmand & Staff Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 41 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1046-4964 J9 SMALL GR RES JI Small Group Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 121 EP 150 DI 10.1177/104649640203300104 PG 30 WC Psychology, Applied; Management; Psychology, Social SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 575YC UT WOS:000176975200004 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Sources of new information SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 48 EP 49 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 549WT UT WOS:000175470300012 ER PT J AU Ross, MD AF Ross, MD TI Addressing calf muscle weakness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Dept Phys Therapy, Cannon AFB, NM USA. RP Ross, MD (reprint author), Dept Phys Therapy, Cannon AFB, NM USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 549WT UT WOS:000175470300018 ER PT J AU Armacost, AP Barnhart, C Ware, KA AF Armacost, AP Barnhart, C Ware, KA TI Composite variable formulations for express shipment service network design SO TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID APPROXIMATION ALGORITHM; VALID INEQUALITIES; CAPACITY INSTALLATION; FLOW; SEPARATION; MODELS; CUT; TRANSPORTATION; POLYHEDRA AB In this paper we describe a new approach to solving the express shipment service network design problem. Conventional polyhedral methods for network design and network loading problems do not consistently solve instances of the planning problem we consider. Under a restricted version of the problem, we transform conventional formulations to a new formulation using what we term composite variables. By removing flow decisions as explicit decisions, this extended formulation is cast purely in terms of the design elements. We establish that its linear programming relaxation gives stronger lower bounds than conventional approaches. We apply this composite variable formulation approach to the UPS Next Day Air delivery network and demonstrate potential annual cost savings in the hundreds of millions of dollars. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. United Parcel Serv, Operat Res Grp, Louisville, KY 40223 USA. RP Armacost, AP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 37 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 14 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0041-1655 J9 TRANSPORT SCI JI Transp. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1287/trsc.36.1.1.571 PG 20 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA 530TR UT WOS:000174375500001 ER PT J AU Saba, CS Forster, NH AF Saba, CS Forster, NH TI Reactions of aromatic phosphate esters with metals and their oxides SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 04, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc DE iron; oxides; phosphates; phosphate film; steel; thin film; vapor lubrication; vapor phase ID VAPOR-PHASE LUBRICANTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SURFACES; FILMS; IRON; DEPOSITION; CERAMICS; GLASSES AB Previous results obtained in this laboratory have shown that tricresyl phosphate vapors preferentially react with iron and its oxides in the order of the oxidation state (reaction rate of Fe3+ >> Fe2+ > Fe+ > Fe). The reaction kinetics is attributed to a Lewis acid, FenOm, reacting with the basic phosphate ester, (ArO)(3)PO. The current research further investigates the role of the oxide in the reaction of the aryl phosphate lubricants, tricresyl phosphate and tertiary-butyl phenyl phosphate, with 1010 steel coupons. To measure the relative effect of iron oxides, some coupons were exposed to 400degreesC air for 1 h and then sealed under vacuum in glass tubes with 25 mg of lubricant. Other samples were sealed under vacuum without the oxidation step. All of the sealed test tubes with lubricant and foil were heated to a temperature of 475 degreesC and held for different lengths of time. Afterwards, the coupons were analyzed with Fourier infrared microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In the case of the pre-oxidized sample, a nodular film was formed that contained organic species and iron polyphosphate. For samples that were not pre-oxidized, simple ionic iron phosphate was formed. In another work it was found that nodular structure formation is important to obtain pod lubrication. This type of film forms on iron surfaces and not on surfaces passivated by inert oxide films, i.e., aluminum, nickel, and high chrome content alloys. The reaction of tricresyl phosphate with other metals and their oxides were also examined and found to correlate well with iron. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Saba, CS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 135 EP 146 AR UNSP 1023-8883/02/0200-0135/0 DI 10.1023/A:1014081523491 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 536NR UT WOS:000174709300010 ER PT J AU Johnson, AW Jacobson, SH AF Johnson, AW Jacobson, SH TI A class of convergent generalized hill climbing algorithms SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE simulated annealing; hill climbing algorithms; discrete optimization; convergence; local search ID SIMULATION AB Generalized hill climbing (GHQ algorithms have been presented as a modeling framework for local search strategies applied to address intractable discrete optimization (minimization) problems. GHC algorithms include simulated annealing (SA), pure local search (LS), and threshold accepting (TA), among others, as special cases. A particular class of GHC algorithms is designed for discrete optimization problems where the objective function value of a globally optimal solution is known (in this case, the task is to identify an associated optimal solution). This class of GHC algorithms is shown to converge, and six examples are provided that illustrate the diversity of GHC algorithms within this class of convergent algorithms. Implications of these results are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Johnson, AW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Jacobson, Sheldon/0000-0002-9042-8750 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JAN 25 PY 2002 VL 125 IS 2-3 BP 359 EP 373 DI 10.1016/S0096-3003(00)00137-5 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 495VT UT WOS:000172361600018 ER PT J AU Price, SD Sloan, GC Kraemer, KE AF Price, SD Sloan, GC Kraemer, KE TI Artifacts at 4.5 and 8.0 microns in short-wavelength spectra from the infrared space observatory SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astronomical data bases : miscellaneous; methods : data analysis; techniques : spectroscopic ID MU-M SPECTRA; IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; STANDARD STARS; SPECTROMETER AB Spectra from the Short-Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) on board the Infrared Space Observatory exhibit artifacts at 4.5 and 8 mum. These artifacts appear in spectra from a recent data release, OLP 10.0, as spurious broad emission features in the spectra of stars earlier than approximately F0, such as alpha CMa. Comparison of absolutely calibrated spectra of standard stars to corresponding spectra from the SWS reveals that these artifacts result from an underestimation of the strength of the CO and SiO molecular bands in the spectra of sources used as calibrators by the SWS. Although OLP 10.0 was intended to be the final data release, these findings have led to an additional release addressing this issue, OLP 10.1, which corrects the artifacts. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Cornell Univ, Infrared Spectog Sci Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Price, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2002 VL 565 IS 1 BP L55 EP L58 DI 10.1086/339055 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 515QR UT WOS:000173507400014 ER PT J AU Hayden, M Pignone, M Phillips, C Mulrow, C AF Hayden, M Pignone, M Phillips, C Mulrow, C TI Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events: A summary of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; RISK; DISEASE; METAANALYSIS; HEMORRHAGE; BENEFIT; STROKE; HEALTH; HOT AB Background: The use of aspirin to prevent cardiovascular disease events in patients without a history of cardiovascular disease is controversial. Purpose: To examine the benefits and harms of aspirin chemoprevention. Data Sources: MEDLINE (1966 to May 2001). Study Selection: 1) Randomized trials at least 1 year in duration that examined aspirin chemoprevention in patients without previously known cardiovascular disease and 2) systematic reviews, recent trials, and observational studies that examined rates of hemorrhagic strokes and gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to aspirin use. Data Extraction: One reviewer read and extracted data from each included article and constructed evidence tables. A second reviewer checked the accuracy of the data extraction. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Data Synthesis: Meta-analysis was performed, and the quantitative results of the review were then used to model the consequences of treating patients with different levels of baseline risk for coronary heart disease. Five trials examined the effect of aspirin on cardiovascular events in patients with no previous cardiovascular disease. For patients similar to those enrolled in the trials, aspirin reduces the risk for the combined end point of nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal :coronary heart disease (summary odds ratio, 0.72 [95% Cl, 0.60 to 0.87]). Aspirin increased the risk for hemorrhagic strokes (summary odds ratio, 1.4 [Cl, 0.9 to 2.0]) and major gastrointestinal bleeding (summary odds ratio, 1.7 [Cl, 1.4 to 2.1]). All-cause mortality (summary odds ratio, 0.93 [Cl, 0.84 to 1.02]) was not significantly affected For 1000 patients with a 5% risk for coronary heart disease events over 5 years, aspirin would prevent 6 to 20 myocardial infarctions but would cause 0 to 2 hemorrhagic strokes and 2 to 4 major gastrointestinal bleeding events. For patients with a risk of 1% over 5 years, aspirin would prevent 1 to 4 myocardial infarctions but would cause 0 to 2 hemorrhagic strokes and 2 to 4 major gastrointestinal bleeding events. Conclusions: The net benefit of aspirin increases with increasing cardiovascular risk. In the decision to use aspirin chemoprevention, the patient's cardiovascular risk and relative utility for the different clinical outcomes prevented or caused by aspirin use must be considered. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USAF, Med Operat Agcy, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Hayden, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 34 TC 412 Z9 429 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 136 IS 2 BP 161 EP 172 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 512PZ UT WOS:000173333900011 PM 11790072 ER PT J AU Florescu, DI Mourokh, LG Pollak, FH Look, DC Cantwell, G Li, X AF Florescu, DI Mourokh, LG Pollak, FH Look, DC Cantwell, G Li, X TI High spatial resolution thermal conductivity of bulk ZnO (0001) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY AB We measured high spatial/depth resolution 300 K thermal conductivity kappa of the Zn and O surfaces of two bulk n-type ZnO (0001) samples, grown by a vapor-phase transport method, using scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). The thermal investigation was performed in both point-by-point (similar to2 mum resolution) and area-scan modes. On the first sample kappa =1.16 +/-0.08 (Zn face)/1.10 +/-0.09 (O face) W/cm K while for the second material kappa =1.02 +/-0.07 (Zn face)/0.98 +/-0.08 (O face) W/cm K. These are the highest kappa values reported on ZnO. A correlation between SThM area-scan readings and surface topography was established by simultaneously performing atomic force microscopy scans. The influence of surface roughness on the effective thermal conductivity (i.e., heat flow) is discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 CUNY Grad Sch & Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, New York State Ctr Adv Technol Ultrafast Photon M, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Eagle Picher Ind Inc, Miami, OK 74354 USA. ThermoMicroscopes, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. RP Florescu, DI (reprint author), EMCORE Corp, 145 Belmont Dr, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. NR 10 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 2 BP 890 EP 892 DI 10.1063/1.1426234 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 506NG UT WOS:000172978200055 ER PT J AU Nizette, M Erneux, T Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V AF Nizette, M Erneux, T Gavrielides, A Kovanis, V TI Averaged equations for injection locked semiconductor lasers SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE averaged equations; injection locked semiconductor; Hopf and torus bifurcations ID OPTICAL-INJECTION; RELAXATION OSCILLATIONS; DIODE-LASER; LOCKING; SUBJECT; SIGNAL; BIFURCATIONS; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; CHAOS AB An averaging method valid for strongly nonlinear oscillators is used for the first time to describe the pulsating intensity regimes of semiconductor lasers subject to injection. Slow-time equations are derived which are valid for solutions of arbitrary amplitude. These averaged equations do not require the knowledge of a particular bifurcation point and are a good starting point for further analysis. Bifurcation points to periodic or quasiperiodic intensity oscillations are determined analytically by exploring certain limits of the parameters. Finally, we illustrate the strength and weakness of these expressions by comparing bifurcation diagrams obtained from the averaged equations and from the original laser equations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Grp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Erneux, T (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Bld Triomphe,Campus Pl,CP 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 161 IS 3-4 BP 220 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00375-X PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 518CL UT WOS:000173649000006 ER PT J AU Chavez, JR Devine, RAB Shedd, WM AF Chavez, JR Devine, RAB Shedd, WM TI Radiation sensitivity reduction in deuterium annealed Si-SiO2 structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSISTORS; HOT-ELECTRON DEGRADATION AB The x-ray radiation sensitivity of Si-SiO2-Si structures annealed at 420 degreesC in hydrogen containing forming gas and deuterium containing forming gas is compared. Irradiations carried out without electrical bias and with +/-0.5 MV cm-1 up to doses similar to2M rad (SiO2) consistently indicate that positive fixed oxide charge is generated similar to1.5 times more efficiently in hydrogen-annealed oxides as compared to deuterium-annealed oxides. This result suggests that some radiation-induced positive charge creation involves defects passivated with hydrogen/deuterium during the forming gas anneal sequence. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Devine, RAB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 2 BP 213 EP 215 DI 10.1063/1.1428415 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 509NL UT WOS:000173153800017 ER PT J AU Look, DC Lu, H Schaff, WJ Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z AF Look, DC Lu, H Schaff, WJ Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z TI Donor and acceptor concentrations in degenerate InN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GROWTH STOICHIOMETRY; GAN; DISLOCATION; MOBILITY AB A formalism is presented to determine donor (N-D) and acceptor (N-A) concentrations in wurtzitic InN characterized by degenerate carrier concentration (n) and mobility (mu). The theory includes scattering not only by charged point defects and impurities, but also by charged threading dislocations, of concentration N-dis. For a 0.45-mum-thick InN layer grown on Al2O3 by molecular beam epitaxy, having N-dis=5x10(10) cm(-2), determined by transmission electron microscopy, n(20 K)=3.5x10(18) cm(-3) and mu(20 K)=1055 cm(2)/V s, determined by Hall effect measurements, the fitted values are N-D=4.7x10(18) cm(-3) and N-A=1.2x10(18) cm(-3). The identities of the donors and acceptors are not known, although a comparison of N-D with analytical data, and also with calculations of defect formation energies, suggests that a potential candidate for the dominant donor is H. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wpafb.af.mil RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 15 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 2 BP 258 EP 260 DI 10.1063/1.1432742 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 509NL UT WOS:000173153800032 ER PT J AU Jefferies, SM Schulze, KJ Matson, CL Stoltenberg, K Hege, EK AF Jefferies, SM Schulze, KJ Matson, CL Stoltenberg, K Hege, EK TI Blind deconvolution in optical diffusion tomography SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID BACKPROPAGATION; LOCALIZATION AB We use blind deconvolution methods in optical diffusion tomography to reconstruct images of objects imbedded in or located behind turbid media from continuous-wave measurements of the scattered light transmitted through the media. In particular, we use a blind deconvolution imaging algorithm to determine both a deblurred image of the object and the depth of the object inside the turbid medium. Preliminary results indicate that blind deconvolution produces better reconstructions than can be obtained using backpropagation techniques. Moreover, it does so without requiring prior knowledge of the characteristics of the turbid medium or of what the blur-free target should look like: important advances over backpropagation. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ New Mexico, Maui Sci Res Ctr, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. KJS Consulting, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Jefferies, SM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Maui Sci Res Ctr, 590 Lipoa Pkwy, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. EM stuartj@ahpcc.unm.edu; kathy@kjs-consulting.com; c.m@osa.org; hege@as.arizona.edu NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 14 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1364/OE.10.000046 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 511GE UT WOS:000173255600007 PM 19424329 ER PT J AU Wick, DV Martinez, T Restaino, SR Stone, BR AF Wick, DV Martinez, T Restaino, SR Stone, BR TI Foveated imaging demonstration SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB A wide field-of-view (FOV), theoretically diffraction-limited imaging system is demonstrated using a single positive lens (a singlet), a reflective liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM), a turning mirror and a CCD camera. The SLM is used to correct the off-axis aberrations that would otherwise limit the useful FOV of our system. Foveated imaging refers to the variation in spatial resolution across the image caused by using the SLM in this manner. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DEBS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Mission Res Corp, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. RP Wick, DV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dvwick@sandia.gov; ty.martinez@kirtland.af.mil; sergio.restaino@kirtland.af.mil; bstone@mrcday.com NR 8 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 14 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 60 EP U2 DI 10.1364/OE.10.000060 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 511GE UT WOS:000173255600009 PM 19424331 ER PT J AU Teare, SW Restaino, SR Payne, DM AF Teare, SW Restaino, SR Payne, DM TI Fast steering, high-resolution imaging system SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB High-resolution imaging can be dramatically improved by combining a fast image stabilization system and variable aperture masking. We describe an imaging system that provides high-resolution images through an annular aperture using the unwanted low spatial frequency light for image stabilization. The annulus thickness and diameter can be selected to enhance the contribution of different spatial frequencies in the image at the expense of image exposure time. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DEBS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Schafer Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Teare, SW (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM teare@ee.nmt.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 14 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1364/OE.10.000065 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 511GE UT WOS:000173255600010 PM 19424332 ER PT J AU Turukhin, AV Sudarshanam, VS Shahriar, MS Musser, JA Ham, BS Hemmer, PR AF Turukhin, AV Sudarshanam, VS Shahriar, MS Musser, JA Ham, BS Hemmer, PR TI Observation of ultraslow and stored light pulses in a solid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; OPTICAL-DATA STORAGE; ATOMIC GAS; CRYSTAL; STATE AB We report ultraslow group velocities of light in an optically dense crystal of Pr doped Y2SiO5. Light speeds as slow as 45 m/s were observed, corresponding to a group delay of 66 mus. Deceleration and "stopping" or trapping of the light pulse was also observed. These reductions of the group velocity are accomplished by using a sharp spectral feature in absorption and dispersion that is produced by resonance Raman excitation of a ground-state spin coherence. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Ctr Quantum Coherence & Commun, Taejon 305350, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Turukhin, AV (reprint author), JDS Uniphase Corp, Opt Networks Res, 625 Ind Way E, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 22 TC 238 Z9 257 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 2 AR 023602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.023602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 512YF UT WOS:000173350600014 ER PT J AU Pati, R Karna, SP AF Pati, R Karna, SP TI Length-dependence of intramolecular electron transfer in sigma-bonded rigid molecular rods: an ab initio molecular orbital study SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; PATHWAY ANALYSIS; FIXED DISTANCES; ABINITIO; SPACERS; MODELS; DNA AB The dependence of electron transfer (ET) coupling element, V-AB, on the length of rigid-rod-like systems consisting of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP), cubane (CUB), and bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (BCO) monomers, has been investigated with the use of ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) method employing Marcus-flush two-state (TS) model. The value of V-AB decreases exponentially with increase in the number of the cage units of the sigma-bonded molecules. The calculated decay constant, beta, shows good agreement with previously reported data. For molecular length greater than or equal to15 Angstrom, the value of V-AB becomes negligibly small, suggesting complete suppression of the through bond direct tunneling contribution to ET process. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSSE,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque High Performance Comp Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Karna, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSSE,SE, Bldg 914,3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2002 VL 351 IS 3-4 BP 302 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)01349-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 512NN UT WOS:000173330600021 ER PT J AU Anderson, DT Hinde, RJ Tam, S Fajardo, ME AF Anderson, DT Hinde, RJ Tam, S Fajardo, ME TI High-resolution spectroscopy of HCl and DCl isolated in solid parahydrogen: Direct, induced, and cooperative infrared transitions in a molecular quantum solid SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MATRIX-ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; ROVIBRATIONAL STATES; STRETCHING FUNDAMENTALS; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; HYDROGEN; SPECTRUM; CRYSTAL; CLUSTERS; DYNAMICS AB The infrared spectroscopy and rovibrational dynamics of HCl and DCl dopants in solid parahydrogen (pH(2)) were investigated using high-resolution spectroscopic methods. The absorption spectra of HCl and DCl monomers in solid pH(2) closely resemble the corresponding low temperature gas phase spectra, indicating that the gas phase vibrational and rotational quantum numbers of the dopant are conserved within the pH(2) solid. Small deviations from gas phase behavior are observed, however, such as a reduced HCl rotational energy level spacing and splitting of the fivefold orientational degeneracy of HCl rotational states with J=2. In addition, the pure vibrational Q(1)(0) (v=1 <--0, J=0 <--0) H-2 transition, which is infrared inactive in pure solid pH(2), is detected in the HCl doped sample. We propose that this transition is induced in pH(2) molecules by neighboring HCl molecules through a weak "overlap induction" mechanism that is the only induction mechanism operative for J=0 impurities in pH(2). Rovibrational transitions are also detected near the induced Q(1)(0) H-2 absorption; these are attributed to cooperative transitions involving single photon excitation of pH(2)-HCl pairs. Detailed isotopic analysis reveals that these cooperative transitions involve pure vibrational excitation of the pH(2) and pure rotational excitation of the HCl. Two-molecule transitions have long been studied for isotopic and rotational dopants (e.g., D-2, HD, orthohydrogen) in solid pH(2), but this is the first time such cooperative transitions have been attributed to a chemical impurity in pH(2) matrices. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSP, Propuls Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Anderson, DT (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 42 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 7 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 2 BP 594 EP 607 DI 10.1063/1.1421066 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 505QH UT WOS:000172926700016 ER PT J AU Sitler, KL Temple, MA Novack, RC Hughes, JA AF Sitler, KL Temple, MA Novack, RC Hughes, JA TI High range resolution profiling using phase-coded, stepped-frequency waveforms SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A phase-coded stepped-frequency (PCSF) waveform with high range resolution (HRR) processing is presented as an improvement to stepped-frequency (SF) processing. By combining intrapulse phase and interpulse frequency modulations, the PCSF technique enables larger frequency step sizes than SF processing-system effective bandwidth is traversed more quickly, allowing shorter burst times while decreasing Doppler sensitivity. The PCSF framework presented and corresponding HRR simulation results for complex targets are shown consistent with the ideal SF response and demonstrate Doppler sensitivity reduction. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sitler, KL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 46 EP 48 DI 10.1049/el:20020013 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 515RA UT WOS:000173508400031 ER PT B AU Roeder, WP Merceret, FJ Boyd, BF Brody, FC Harms, DE AF Roeder, WP Merceret, FJ Boyd, BF Brody, FC Harms, DE GP AMS AMS TI Advanced weather projects to improve space launch from the eastern range and Kennedy Space Center SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th Conference on Applied Climatology CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Roeder, WP (reprint author), 45 WS-SYR,1201 Edward H White II St,MS 7302, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 13 EP 17 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation GA BX41B UT WOS:000185178800004 ER PT B AU Sardonia, JE Madura, JT AF Sardonia, JE Madura, JT GP AMS AMS TI Kodiak Star: An overview of operational weather support at the Kodiak launch complex for Alaska's first orbital space launch SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th Conference on Applied Climatology CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech C1 USAF, Weather Squadron 45, Patrick AFB, FL USA. RP Sardonia, JE (reprint author), 45 WS-DOR,1201 Edward H White 2 St,MS 7302, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 172 EP 174 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation GA BX41B UT WOS:000185178800046 ER PT B AU Boyd, BF Harms, DE Winters, KA Rosati, PN Parks, CR Overbeck, KB AF Boyd, BF Harms, DE Winters, KA Rosati, PN Parks, CR Overbeck, KB GP AMS AMS TI Boundary layer influences on forecasting toxic corridors at the Eastern Range in support of space launch SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th Conference on Applied Climatology CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech C1 Weather Squadron 45, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Boyd, BF (reprint author), 45 WS-SYA,1201 Edward H White 2 St,MS 7302, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 182 EP 185 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation GA BX41B UT WOS:000185178800049 ER PT B AU Roeder, WP Jacobs, SC Sardonia, JE Weems, JW Pinder, CS Christie, MS AF Roeder, WP Jacobs, SC Sardonia, JE Weems, JW Pinder, CS Christie, MS GP AMS AMS TI Computer based training for issuing lightning advisories at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Kennedy Space Center SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON AVIATION, RANGE, AND AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology/13th Conference on Applied Climatology CY MAY 13-16, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Atmospher Environm Tech RP Roeder, WP (reprint author), 45 WS SYR,1201 Edward H White 2 St,MS 7302, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Transportation GA BX41B UT WOS:000185178800076 ER PT B AU Roeder, WP Harms, DE AF Roeder, WP Harms, DE GP AMS AMS TI Simple statistics for science fair weather projects SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Education CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 45th Weather Squadron, Patrick AFB, FL USA. RP Roeder, WP (reprint author), 45 WS-SYR,1201 Edward H White 2, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 6 EP 9 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV55C UT WOS:000179335400004 ER PT B AU Lawyer, DT Whitford, DJ Smith, DR Heckman, BE AF Lawyer, DT Whitford, DJ Smith, DR Heckman, BE GP AMS AMS TI An assessment of interactive video teleconference sessions between the United States Air Force Academy and the United States Naval Academy SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Education CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lawyer, DT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 131 EP 133 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV55C UT WOS:000179335400047 ER PT B AU Arnold, SL AF Arnold, SL GP AMS AMS TI A minimum variance approach to estimating wind direction statistics SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY, AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 ENSCO Inc, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. RP Arnold, SL (reprint author), ENSCO Inc, POB 5488, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 206 EP 208 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV55B UT WOS:000179335200078 ER PT B AU Edwards, AH Sushko, PV Shluger, AL Sulimov, VB AF Edwards, AH Sushko, PV Shluger, AL Sulimov, VB GP IEEE IEEE TI Embedding techniques for irradiation-induced defects in crystalline SiO2 SO 2001 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE SP Techn Informat & Microelectr Comp Architecture Lab, RADECS Assoc, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID FIRST-PRINCIPLES; AB-INITIO; HYPERFINE PARAMETERS; OPTICAL-TRANSITIONS; SILICON DIOXIDE; OXYGEN VACANCY; ALPHA-QUARTZ; DOPED SILICA; HIGH-PURITY; CENTERS AB We present a new atomistic embedding technique for neutral and charged defects in silicon dioxide and apply it to the neutral vacancy and the crystalline analog of the E'(gamma) defect, the E'(1) in alpha-quartz. We show that there are significant relaxations up to 8 Angstrom away from the vacancy and that this realization points to the necessity of using much larger unit cells in solid state DFT calculations. Also, we have shown that the long-range Madelung field alters estimates of hyperfine interactions significantly. In fact, the current embedding; scheme has led to greatly improved predictions for Si-29 hyperfine interactions for the E'(1) center. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Edwards, AH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdden Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Sushko, Peter/F-5171-2013 OI Sushko, Peter/0000-0001-7338-4146 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7313-8 PY 2002 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1109/RADECS.2001.1159264 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics GA BV99V UT WOS:000180627900015 ER PT S AU Evans, BL Martin, JB Burggraf, LW Hangartner, TN Roggemann, MC AF Evans, BL Martin, JB Burggraf, LW Hangartner, TN Roggemann, MC BE Seibert, JA TI Demonstration of single-sided Compton Scatter Tomography in fan beams with an HPGe array SO 2001 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM, CONFERENCE RECORDS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc AB An instrument is demonstrated whereby radiographic images of a sample's electron density are compiled from the information encoded in the energy spectra of gamma rays backscattered from one side of the sample. Nondestructive inspection of aluminum airframes is the application of interest, so it is assumed that access is restricted to only one surface of the object under inspection. Use of energy coding allows imaging in a fan beam rather than independent interrogation of individual volume elements. The Multiplexed Compton Scatter Tomograph (MCST) instrument consists of an array of planar high-purity germanium detectors, a set of fan beam collimators, and a Cd-109 radionuclide source. Instrument signals are converted to electron density images using a penalized weighted least squares image reconstruction algorithm coupled with a deterministic system model that includes effects of finite source and detector size, detector resolution and efficiency, attenuation, and Doppler broadening. The Doppler broadening, resulting from the momentum distribution of bound electrons, is significant at the energies used here. The proof-of-principle instrument is demonstrated on some aluminum samples. In an 8-mm thick sample with a 4 mm void in its center, contrast recovery of 90% is achieved. In a 10-mm thick sample with a 3 mm void at the back, about 85% of the contrast is recovered. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Evans, BL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-7324-3 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2002 BP 936 EP 939 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009709 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV30L UT WOS:000178495800205 ER PT B AU Adams, SF Nairus, JG AF Adams, SF Nairus, JG BE Pierson, E Jackson, WD TI Energy conversion issues for airborne directed energy weapons SO 2002 37TH INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (IECEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC) CY JUL 29-31, 2002 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, AIAA, ASME, ANS, AIChe, SAE AB The ability of an airborne directed energy weapon (DEW) to effectively strike a target depends strongly on the ability to develop, deliver, and manage the required energy for the onboard DEW source. The energy flow within various generic airborne DEW systems is examined from power generation to waste heat management. Each airborne DEW system is analyzed by considering the energy flow through an example configuration of generalized DEW system components. The numbers used in the analysis are not representative of any airborne DEW system under development, but simply allow for an illustration of energy flow within a DEW system of advanced power level. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adams, SF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7296-4 PY 2002 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBC67 UT WOS:000224865700013 ER PT B AU Cobb, CB Adams, SF AF Cobb, CB Adams, SF BE Pierson, E Jackson, WD TI Lightweight, compact superconducting power sources for solid state high energy lasers SO 2002 37TH INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (IECEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC) CY JUL 29-31, 2002 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, AIAA, ASME, ANS, AIChe, SAE AB The Air Force is considering advanced compact electrical power systems for many future airborne DEW concepts to capitalize on the advantages of electrical DEW. High output electrical generators, employing superconductor wire technology, are being investigated as a possible solution. Generators with high temperature superconducting (HTS) wire would be significantly lighter weight and more compact than conventional copper wire-wound generators for this high level of power. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cobb, CB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7296-4 PY 2002 BP 66 EP 69 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BBC67 UT WOS:000224865700015 ER PT B AU Ewing, RL Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Moncrief, JS AF Ewing, RL Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Moncrief, JS GP IEEE IEEE TI Polymorphous computing applied to electronic nose architectures SO 2002 45TH MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL II, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS 2002) CY AUG 04-07, 2002 CL TULSA, OK SP IEEE, Circuits & Syst Soc, Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn AB The electronic nose (eNose) is applied to detect, monitor and identify a wide range of environmental organic, inorganic and biochemical vapors. Typically, airborne substances are made up of hundreds of different inorganic/organic or bio molecules. The molecules usually have properties that can be identified with different detection systems, such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. However, the systems are usually bulky, expensive and time consuming to be deployed portably. Recently, the growing application of polymorphous computing opened up the opportunity for the use of neural net and genetic algorithm development for electronic nose selectivity with critical information extraction methodology done in real-time. The additional use of Power Aware Computing (PAC) and Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) enables the eNose to "Tailor" power through energy management at all levels of application/system for size, weight, power, scalability, complexity and temporal and functional reconfiguration constraints. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ewing, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2002 BP 525 EP 528 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW25K UT WOS:000181336800133 ER PT B AU Van Cleave, DW Rattan, KS AF Van Cleave, DW Rattan, KS BE Keller, J Nasraoui, O TI Control law partitioning via fuzzy logic control SO 2002 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUN 27-29, 2002 CL TULANE UNIV, NEW ORLEANS, LA SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO TULANE UNIV AB Control law partitioning is a widely used concept that incorporates a mathematical model of the plant into the control system. This is both an advantage and disadvantage. With an accurate model, the system control is much more robust and easy to manage. However, with a complex, nonlinear system, an accurate mathematical model can be very difficult to obtain. A fuzzy logic controller can be developed that makes use of empirically derived data thereby accurately modeling the plant without the necessity of a mathematical model. Tuning such a controller to the empirical data can be problematic, so a tuning algorithm is used to adjust the controller parameters for optimal performance. In this paper, a fourth-order system is used as a demonstration plant, a fuzzy logic controller is developed using a very fast off-line tuning algorithm, and the performance of the resulting controller is examined. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Van Cleave, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7461-4 PY 2002 BP 572 EP 577 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.2002.1018125 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU82T UT WOS:000177134800104 ER PT B AU Raley, JA Lott, JA Nelson, TR Stintz, A Malloy, KJ AF Raley, JA Lott, JA Nelson, TR Stintz, A Malloy, KJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Interconnected lift-off VCSELs for microcavity device arrays SO 2002 DIGEST OF THE LEOS SUMMER TOPICAL MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Summer Topical Meeting of the Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY JUL 15-17, 2002 CL MT TREMBLANT, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE ID VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; PERFORMANCE C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Raley, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7378-2 PY 2002 BP C11 EP C12 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV01Q UT WOS:000177603700074 ER PT S AU Krause, LH Enloe, CL Haaland, RK AF Krause, LH Enloe, CL Haaland, RK GP IEEE IEEE TI Fast in situ measurements of ionospheric plasma with the Miniature Electrostatic Analyzer (MESA): An experiment aboard FalconSat-2 SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB A satellite mission to investigate ionospheric equatorial spread-F phenomena is presently under development by faculty and cadets at the United States Air Force Academy (USATA). FalconSat-2 is a low altitude (350 km) medium inclination (52 degrees) microsatellite whose scientific mission is to measure in situ plasma density along the satellite's orbital track to detect plasma depletions with spatial sizes of 2-10 kin and depletion depths up to three orders of magnitude. Plasma depletions of this size and depth are notorious for their deleterious effects on radio communications., and their presence is common in the nighttime F region ionosphere. Since it is desired to detect plasma depletions with sharp boundaries (i.e., a reduction in plasma density by a factor of 1000 over 2 km in space), and to account for diurnal variations in the ambient ionosphere, it was necessary to target the capability of making plasma density measurements that covered a dynamic range of 5 orders of magnitude and a sampling rate of 10 measurements per second. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, USAF Acad, CO 80920 USA. RP Krause, LH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr, USAF Acad, CO 80920 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 631 EP 639 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800060 ER PT S AU Steyskal, H AF Steyskal, H GP IEEE IEEE TI Pattern synthesis for a conformal wing array SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB Future aircraft may utilize the large aerodynamic areas of the wings also for electrodynamics by structurally embedding conformal phased array antennas. We explore this concept with a computer model for a line array wrapped around a wing. The model uses a realistic wing profile and array element patterns which include the effects of mutual coupling and the local radius of curvature. The study has two objectives: 1) develop a pattern synthesis method which is effective for this non-conventional array shape, and 2) determine whether low sidelobe patterns can be realized. We find that pattern synthesis based on alternating projections is a flexible and highly efficient synthesis method. No convergence problems due to local minima occurred. High quality patterns with uniform low sidelobes were achieved for most beam directions, except in a narrow sector about the difficult forward direction, where there appears to be a sidelobe floor of roughly -23 dB. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Antenna Technol Branch,SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Steyskal, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Antenna Technol Branch,SNHA, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 819 EP 824 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800075 ER PT S AU Foshee, J Tahim, RS Chang, K AF Foshee, J Tahim, RS Chang, K GP IEEE IEEE TI High capacity phased array antennas for theater Recce/Intel networks SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises DE phased array antenna; multi-band transmitter; low noise amplifier; diplexer; low loss phase shifter; multi-band radiating elements; microwave integrated circuits; MMIC-chips; electronic beam steering; piezoelectric transducers AB Increasing demand for exchanging high-resolution video, infrared sensors, various types of radar data, and other high value information readily, among the users in a military theater has urgently created the need for sophisticated wide-band communication systems. The users of such communication systems can be based on the surface, in the air and can be expected to be not only mobile, but also highly mobile. A full capacity communication network will be required to accomplish an orderly, reliable, and timely exchange of such high volume data among the various users in the network. Directional antennas will be necessary where high-speed data transfer is required. Phased array antennas provide an excellent alternative to the conventional dish antennas on the airborne platforms to meet the rapid switching requirements from user to user. A number of multi-band phased array antennas could be mounted on the airborne platform to provide simultaneous communication links from the airborne platform. The resulting communication network would be controlled through a low data rate order wire system requiring only blade (omni-directional) antennas, and the phased array antennas would provide the high data rate communication links. With this scenario, any given phased array antenna could be configured to either transmit or receive. The phased array antenna would operate in a half duplex or even a simplex mode. Operation in a half-duplex mode would simplify the design of the phased array antenna. The radiating elements could be used for transmit or receive, and the filters and active components forming the RF antenna elements (T/R modules integrated with the radiating antenna elements) could be configured for operation in either transmit or receive mode., In the high capacity communication network With a number of terminals, the phased array antenna should be capable of operating at a number of frequency bands., This paper describes a half-duplex phased array antenna design, which is capable of operating over a number of frequency bands in the 8-26 GHz frequency range. Such communication network will provide high data rate links. The new phased array antenna architecture incorporates a. number of novel ideas that include a phase shifter design, which uses piezoelectric transducer (PET); diplexer and filter designs with low RF insertion loss and high attenuation at the out-of-band frequencies. In addition, the new antenna system incorporates an efficient transmitter and receiver design based on NMIC-chips and a radiating planar antenna element, which can be easily extended to the phased array antenna capable of operating over 8-40 GHz frequency range. C1 USAF, Recce Intel Data Link Technol Dev, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Foshee, J (reprint author), USAF, Recce Intel Data Link Technol Dev, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 841 EP 853 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800078 ER PT S AU Griffin, BD Haupt, R AF Griffin, BD Haupt, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Adaptive polarization for spacecraft communications systems SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB Communications antennas on spacecraft are usually circularly polarized. As the spacecraft maneuvers, its antenna and the ground station antenna may not point directly at each other. Antennas not properly aligned for optimal power transfer usually create a polarization mismatch and a loss in transferred power. In this paper, a scheme for compensating for polarization mismatch is considered using crossed dipoles. One of the crossed dipole's amplitude and phase is adjusted using numerical optimization, and the Numerical Electromagnetic Code generates the electromagnetic response. Optimizing only for circular polarization produces losses in radiated power that offset the polarization correction. The polarization optimization may improve power transferred when the spacing between the orthogonal dipoles is increased. The next step modified the optimization process to consider power transferred. With this improvement, the power transferred always increased up to a maximum of 2.0 dB at theta = 80degrees. Using adaptive crossed dipoles at the transmitter and receiver was also considered and further improved the model. C1 USAF, Test Squadron 746, CIGTF, Holloman AFB, NM 88330 USA. RP Griffin, BD (reprint author), USAF, Test Squadron 746, CIGTF, 1644 Vandergrift Rd, Holloman AFB, NM 88330 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 875 EP 884 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800081 ER PT S AU Watson, EA Whitaker, WE Brewer, CD Harris, SR AF Watson, EA Whitaker, WE Brewer, CD Harris, SR GP IEEE IEEE TI Implementing optical phased array beam steering with cascaded microlens arrays SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB A cascade of microlens arrays that are decentered with respect to each other is one potential method for beam steering; the magnitude of the steering angle depends on the amount of decenter. A simple argument is presented that shows that the output of such a system is analogous to the output of an optical phased array. The periodic nature of the exiting wavefront restricts allowed steering angles to values that are determined by the grating equation and the pitch of the microlens arrays. The efficiency of steering into a desired diffraction order of the phased array is determined by the amount of decenter of the microlens arrays, the coherence of the arrays, and the fill-factor at the output of the array. Maximum fill-factor is desired, which can be achieved through the addition of an intermediate microlens array that acts Eke a field lens. An experimental implementation of such a triplet cascade of microlens arrays, suitable for steering short wave infrared laser light, is described. The extension of such a cascade to steering broad spectral band light is also discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Electroopt Technol Div, SNJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Watson, EA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Electroopt Technol Div, SNJ, Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 1429 EP 1436 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800140 ER PT S AU McManamon, PF Thompson, W AF McManamon, PF Thompson, W GP IEEE IEEE TI Phased array of phased arrays (PAPA) laser systems architecture SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB This paper introduces and analyzes a revolutionary laser system architecture capable of dramatically reducing the complexity of laser systems while simultaneously increasing capability. The architecture includes 3 major subsystems. The first is a phased array of laser sources. In this paper we discuss diode-pumped fiber lasers as the elements of the phased array, although other waveguide lasers can also be considered. The second provides wavefront control and electronics beam steering, as described in a WRG Baker award winning IEEE Proceedings article on "Optical Phased Array Technology".(1) The third is subaperture receiver technology. Combining these three technologies into a new laser systems architecture results in a system that has graceful degradation, can steer to as wide an angle as individual optical phased array sub-apertures, and can be scaled to high power and large apertures through phasing of a number of sub-apertures. Diode-pumped fiber lasers are appealing as laser sources because they are electrically pumped, efficient, relatively simple, and scalable to significant power levels (over 100 Watts has been demonstrated from a single diode-pumped fiber. 2 laser.) The fiber laser design also lends itself to integration into a phased array. Fiber lasers have been phased.(3) Initial phasing demonstrations have been at low power and were conducted by taking a single source, dividing it into multiple fibers, then phasing them together. To develop this technology further we need to use independent fiber lasers or fiber amplifiers, seeded by a common source, and to increase laser power. As we increase laser power we will have to learn to cope with nonlinearities in the laser amplifiers. Optical Phased Array technology has demonstrated steering over a 90-degree field of regard, although this approach used additional optical components. If we use straightforward optical phased array beam steering without additional optics we can steer with high efficiency to about 1/3(rd) lambda/d where d is the smallest individually addressable element. The 1/3(rd) factor depends on the efficiency threshold. For example, if we use 1.5 gm light, and 5 gm center-to-center spacing we can steer with high efficiency to about plus or minus 6 degrees, or a field of regard of 12 degrees. Lastly, we need to develop a sub-aperture receive technology. This can be a pupil plane receiver, an image plane receiver, or some combination of the approaches. When we have matured each individual technology, and combined them into new laser systems architecture, we will have the ability to build simpler and more capable laser systems. The vision for an integrated, phased array laser concept is to enable anew class of laser systems with significant advantages, including: High efficiency, all electric laser source All waveguide beam transport Wavefront control at the sub-aperture level, enabling wavefront compensation, conformal apertures, and wide-angle electronic beam steering Random access beam pointing over wide angles Multiple simultaneous beam generation and control Graceful degradation.(1) C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McManamon, PF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 1465 EP 1472 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800144 ER PT S AU Lyke, J AF Lyke, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Reconfigurable systems: A generalization of reconfigurable computational strategies for space systems SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises ID DEVICES; FPGA AB Space may be the final frontier for the application of reconfigurable technologies. With the successful adoption of anti-fuse FPGAs in a number of spacecraft systems and improved knowledge and mitigation options for single-event phenomena, interest in exploiting reconfigurable (SRAM-based) FPGAs is growing. Their use is controversial, as the same features that provide seemingly unbounded flexibility may also be viewed as a risk factor. Fault detection and containment approaches, combined with sufficiently robust configuration setting and checking approaches, will provide greater confidence in the use of reconfigurable digital systems for a growing class of applications in space systems, which stand to benefit most from the ability to focus and reshape silicon (or other semiconductor) resources. The ability to reconfigure digital systems at varying degrees of granularity open exciting possibilities and suggests a natural extension of a DoD roadmap that has largely been based on fixed silicon. But relegating more digital functionality in systems to a malleable form is only a first step in a much larger possibility space. Beyond digital, approaches to reconfigure electronics in analog, microwave, and power electronic domains are emerging, leading to a more "totalistic" view of a reconfigurable system. This presentation will review a number of approaches, from software radios and chalcogenide-based neural networks, all of which offer to expand access of more electrical functionality to the direct influence of software or algorithmic thought processes, which could be implemented both autonomously and by remote control. The implications of the fully reconfigurable spacecraft are staggering, and an aggressive, open systems protocol is suggested for the 21st century. Finally, the issue of a hierarchy in adaptive systems is addressed. Systems can be considered fixed or adaptive, and the nature and extent of adaptive-ness can be at least qualitatively described. When a system has the trait of adaptive functionality, then a number of mechanisms for exploiting it can be suggested, ranging from the traditional off-line compilation of an FPGA bitstream to the more intriguing possibility of systems capable of self-organizing, even self-compiling a part of its inherent structure. This talk will propose a hierarchy of reconfigurable systems approaches. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM james.lyke@kirtland.af.mil NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 1935 EP 1950 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800188 ER PT S AU Lyke, J AF Lyke, J GP IEEE IEEE TI A cellular automata FPGA architecture that can be trained with neural networks SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises ID VC DIMENSION AB It is possible to derive a simple FPGA architecture from 1-D cellular automata structures in which a 2-D spatial feed-forward network is formed. By permitting each site to take on any possible function in its input space (through LUT substitution) an interesting new Boolean network concept is produced. It can be viewed as an FPGA, and it can be refined in a number of ways to accommodate the addition of configuration circuitry and registration structures. The interesting features of this FPGA include its low descriptive complexity/high regularity, low interconnect demand, interchangeability of logic/routing resources, and defect tolerance. By exploiting a connection between the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension of (at least) low-order LUTs and perceptron neural networks, it is relatively straightforward to model these Boolean networks With equivalent artificial neural networks, which can be trained using traditional approaches, such as the back-propagation algorithm. This paper reviews the derivation of this architecture and demonstrates examples of evolved circuit designs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM james.lyke@kirtland.af.mil NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2347 EP 2354 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800226 ER PT S AU Sampson, S Duggan, P Burnell, R McEndree, S Tausch, J Sleeter, D Alexander, D Koga, R Yu, P Crain, S AF Sampson, S Duggan, P Burnell, R McEndree, S Tausch, J Sleeter, D Alexander, D Koga, R Yu, P Crain, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Foreign comparative test of space qualified digital signal processors SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB The ADSP-21020 digital signal processor (DSP) was originally designed by Analog Devices Incorporated (ADI) for high performance audio and video signal processing functions in commercial applications. However, the same functionality is needed for military and space applications related to imaging and communications. Consequently, the original design was licensed to BAE Systems (formerly Lockheed Martin Space Electronics and Communications) [1] and Atmel Wireless and Microcontrollers (formerly Temic Semiconductors) [2] for the development of radiation tolerant versions. Both companies presently offer the radiation tolerant parts for applications in space and missile systems. However, each company targeted a slightly different market segment and their products have different radiation hardness levels. The two companies specify the radiation hardness levels differently, and neither provides information on ionizing dose rate performance. The purpose of the work described in this paper was to develop and implement a radiation test methodology to characterize parts from each vendor in a common set of environments. The goal was to obtain a uniform set of data to permit direct comparison of response among the commercial and radiation tolerant devices from each vendor. The results reported here permit a comparison of 21020 DSPs from each of three vendors. Devices from ADI exhibit radiation response expected of non-hardened parts from commercial complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, although their total ionizing dose (TID) hardness was somewhat better than expected. These commercial parts fail between 24 krad (Si) and 64 krad (Si). The BAE Systems parts showed no significant change in standby current and no functional failures up to a dose of 2 Mrad (Si), where the testing was stopped. The dose rate hardness was consistent with the extremely thin epitaxial layer used in their radiation hard technology. The single event effects (SEE) hardness of the BAE Systems parts was comparable to the commercial parts as expected since the storage elements were not hardened. The Atmel parts showed TID hardness in excess of their 100 krad (Si) specification even at the 100 rad (Si) per second dose rate. Their dose rate hardness fell between the commercial and BAE Systems devices, probably reflecting a relatively thick epitaxial layer. Their SEE hardness was quite good as a result of design hardening of the storage elements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sampson, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2355 EP 2364 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800227 ER PT S AU Sellers, J Sauter, L Underwood, C Ward, J AF Sellers, J Sauter, L Underwood, C Ward, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Bounding the problem: Microsatellite design using commercial-off-the-self architecture SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB One of the potentially biggest pitfalls academic institutions can fall into when attempting to design new microsatellite missions is to start from scratch. A completely open-ended problem creates a nearly infinite time sink for students and faculty as they struggle to meet primary mission requirements while inventing the overall system architecture. Fortunately, commercial-off-the-shelf spacecraft architectures offer the opportunity to significantly bound the design space, allowing students and faculty to devote scarce time and other resources to the most important aspects of mission design and overall systems engineering. This paper describes recent experience at the USAF Academy in applying the "SNAP" nanosatellite architecture, designed by Surrey Satellite Technology, UK, to the FalconSAT-2 Program. The SNAP architecture is first described followed by a discussion of its application to FalconSAT-2, including how it influenced system design decisions and accelerated system development. C1 USAF Acad, Small Satellite Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Sellers, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Small Satellite Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2391 EP 2399 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800231 ER PT S AU Arritt, BJ Fosness, ER Wegner, PM Brackett, C Buckley, SJ AF Arritt, BJ Fosness, ER Wegner, PM Brackett, C Buckley, SJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Multiple payload adapters; Opening the doors to space SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB In order to increase the number of satellites that can be flown on a small, fixed budget, low-cost Multiple Payload Adapters (MPAs) are needed to take advantage of excess payload capability on launch systems. This paper will discuss the development of several MPAs at the Air Force Research Laboratory-Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/VS) in support of current and future Air Force and DOD requirements. The adapters are being designed using state-of-the-art manufacturing processes, launch vibration isolation, and low-shock separation technology that can accommodate multiple satellite configurations. The MPAs can deploy multiple satellites, in a large range of sizes (15 kg to 1000 kg), depending on the design configuration. The MPAs are being developed to support the Minotaur, the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV), as well as the Space Shuttle. The successful development of these adapters will greatly reduce the cost of launching satellites into orbit by allowing for the efficient use of currently unused payload margins. These MPA concepts maximize the opportunity for low-budget satellites to be manifested for launch, and are being proposed to fly as early as 2003. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Arritt, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2467 EP 2473 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800240 ER PT S AU Nowinski, A Fosness, ER Guerrero, J Buckley, SJ AF Nowinski, A Fosness, ER Guerrero, J Buckley, SJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Development of a low-cost, modular, reliable, shuttle-launched payload booster SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises DE propulsion; deployment/release; spacecraft launch vehicles; low-shock; multifunctional structures; orbit transfer AB The Space Shuttle is an inexpensive, reliable vehicle for small satellite launch for the Air Force Space Test Program (STP). Unfortunately, typical Shuttle orbits have a limited lifetime due to their low altitudes. One way to allow the STP to take advantage of the low Shuttle space lift cost is to employ a small propulsion module to boost the STP satellite from the relatively low Shuttle orbit to a higher orbit. Current Propulsion Module (PM) technologies are expensive and have difficulties conforming to the man-rating requirements of the Shuttle. The Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/VS) seeks to solve this problem by developing PM technologies that will lower costs, improve performance, and increase the reliability of these systems, facilitating approval to fly on the Shuttle. The AFRL/VS will fund the development of several innovative technology efforts to design this proposed propulsion system to meet the STP requirements. It must be a lightweight, maneuverable vehicle that also meets Shuttle safety requirements. This system will also be compatible with current Space Shuttle Hitchhiker Experiment Launch System (SHELS) configuration for mounting in the Space Shuttle cargo bay, i.e. weight and volume requirements. The PM will also have a re-startable motor and appropriate avionics to provide flexible orbit transfer support. Finally, this strap-on module will also integrate key technologies being developed by the AFRL/VS. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Nowinski, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2475 EP 2479 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800241 ER PT S AU Kish, BA Gutierrez, JR Evans, JA Hidalgo, R Meador, CL AF Kish, BA Gutierrez, JR Evans, JA Hidalgo, R Meador, CL GP IEEE IEEE TI Demonstration of the JEDI system on joint STARS SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB This paper presents the results of the Joint Expeditionary Digital Information (JEDI) system demonstration on the Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (Joint STARS). Developed by Booz.Allen & Hamilton, the JEDI system with Iridium represents an off-the-shelf system that uses Windows CE based software that is capable of developing, exchanging, and displaying standard Army call-for-fire messages. Together with Joint STARS, JEDI can shorten the time-critical targeting kill chain response. The demonstration involved one day of ground tests followed by one flight test mission with the Joint STARS test aircraft. All test objectives were met. The JEDI system provides an effective way of transmitting small files (formatted text messages) through a commercial satellite network with its full duplex, 2400-baud rate capability in a non-secured mode. The Requirements Review Board for Joint STARS will evaluate JEDI and let it compete with other requirements for funding. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent views of the U.S. government or their contractors. C1 USAF, Joint STARS Test Force, Melbourne, FL 32902 USA. RP Kish, BA (reprint author), USAF, Joint STARS Test Force, POB 9650,MS E08-221, Melbourne, FL 32902 USA. OI Kish, Brian/0000-0002-7131-060X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2537 EP 2543 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800247 ER PT S AU Veth, M Busque, J Heesch, D Burgess, T Douglas, F Kish, B AF Veth, M Busque, J Heesch, D Burgess, T Douglas, F Kish, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Affordable Moving Surface Target Engagement SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB This paper presents the results of the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency-funded Affordable Moving Surface Target Engagement program. The overall objective was to develop affordable technologies to engage moving surface targets such as tanks, tactical ballistic missile transporters and small boats. The Northrop Grumman team used moving target indicator sensors on multiple aircraft to individually track moving ground targets. Report data were shared between sensor platforms to form an accurate multi-laterated track. These highly accurate track data were transmitted to a Lockheed Martin Precision Direct Attack Munition, which was released from an F-16 aircraft and guided by an inertial navigation system with updates from a differentially-coffected carrier-phase Global Positioning System receiver. The sensor platforms provided continuous target location updates to the weapon during flight. The final demonstration flight was completely successful. The Northrop Grumman high update rate, multi-laterated moving target indicator concept scored a direct hit on a remote controlled van moving at 25 miles per hour. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent views of the U.S. government or their contractors. C1 USAF, Joint STARS Test Force, Melbourne, FL 32902 USA. RP Veth, M (reprint author), USAF, Joint STARS Test Force, POB 9650,MS F08-221, Melbourne, FL 32902 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 2545 EP 2551 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800248 ER PT S AU Zetocha, P AF Zetocha, P GP IEEE IEEE TI A backroom mission operations center for TechSat 21 SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB The TechSat 21 satellite program is an Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) technology initiative which has an objective to demonstrate and validate microsatellite cluster system concepts and enabling technologies. The primary experimental objectives are to demonstrate formation flying algorithms and technologies for clustered satellites, and to demonstrate autonomous cluster and spacecraft operations. TechSat 21 consists of three satellites which will fly in various configurations with variable separation distances. Command and control of a cluster of satellites with multiple heterogeneous experimental objectives poses several challenges from a ground perspective. To assist in operating TechSat 21, AFRL is developing a backroom Mission Operations Center (MOC) which will be capable of performing, among other tasks: planning and scheduling; command generation; state-of-health (SOH) monitoring; telemetry playbacks; fault detection, isolation, and resolution (FDIR); data storage; and payload data analysis. The objective of this paper is to describe the MOC architecture, highlight the key components, and outline its planned operational use. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Zetocha, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 3189 EP 3193 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800307 ER PT S AU Lyon, R Sellers, J Underwood, C AF Lyon, R Sellers, J Underwood, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Small satellite thermal modeling and design at USAFA: FalconSat-2 applications SO 2002 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 09-16, 2002 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, AstroExpo com, Circle Mt Co, GEB Software Technologies, Jet Propulsion Lab, Opt Energies Technologies Inc, Profet Enterprises AB The US Air Force Academy FalconSat program is one in which undergraduate cadets design, build, test, and operate satellites to carry Air Force and Department of Defense payloads for scientific missions. Currently, cadets are working on FalconSat-2, designed to carry the Micro Electro-Static Analyzer (MESA) payload that will investigate the morphology of plasma depletions in the ionosphere. The Engineering Model was completed and tested in April 2001, and cadets will construct the Qualification and Flight Models in the fall of 2001. To aid in the development of the satellite, behavioral models of various spacecraft subsystems have been created using MatLab and used to simulate projected operational modes of the satellite and the effects on major satellite subsystems. One major subsystem that had been overlooked until this summer was the thermal subsystem. We require a detailed thermal model to aid in the development and testing of FalconSat-2 for several reasons. First, we wish to predict the thermal behavior of the satellite in the various thermal tests it will undergo in the development process. We also wish to predict the thermal behavior of the satellite in various expected operational modes and attitudes. This will in turn enable us to design and implement any required thermal control for the satellite. Over the summer, during research performed at the University of Surrey, a thermal model of FalconSat-2 was created in MatLab using finite differential analysis and a lumped-parameter approach. The FalconSat-2 model was adapted from models developed by Dr. Craig Underwood, which have been used over the years in the design and analysis of Surrey's small satellites including, most recently, the UK's SNAP-1 nano-satellite. This paper will detail the development process undergone in creating the FalconSat-2 thermal model, will demonstrate how the model works, and will validate the results. Additionally, the paper will describe the thermal control solutions implemented for FalconSat-2 and how the model is used in the development process. C1 USAF Acad, Small Satellite Res Ctr, USAF Acad, CO USA. RP Lyon, R (reprint author), USAF Acad, Small Satellite Res Ctr, USAF Acad, CO USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7231-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2002 BP 3391 EP 3399 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BV66P UT WOS:000179697800326 ER PT B AU Kirkland, LV Wright, RG AF Kirkland, LV Wright, RG GP IEEE IEEE TI Nanotechnology impact on aircraft design and maintenance SO 2002 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEEDINGS, SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Autotestcon Conference CY OCT 14-17, 2002 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Hunstville Sect DE nanotechnology; integrated circuit; IC; line replaceable unit (LRU) AB This paper describes unique research efforts relating to the development of Nanoscale devices to replace standard integrated circuits, and eventually entire electronic systems. Standard integrated circuits (IC) have limitations or restrictions in size, speed, reliability, complexity and finding suitable replacements for discontinued items. Nanoscale device development and understanding has dramatically grown. One of the key,properties of quantum physics that quantum computers rely on is the ability of certain atoms or nuclei to work together as quantum bits. These computing devices are a fraction of the size of typical ICs (nanoscale). Nanoscale devices developed using quantum physics principles have unlimited potential to revolutionize the methods and design of fabricated printed circuit cards and complete systems. They can replace an entire PC board or the set of PC boards that comprise a Line Replaceable Unit (LRU). This would be a good and practical jumping-off point to going direct to the complete device, system or function level. This might include a nanoscale computer (general purpose or flight control), transmitter, GPS receiver, position and/or attitude sensors in either a standalone configuration, or combined within conventional devices (e.g., a nanoscale communications suite (xmtr/rcvr, etc.) encapsulated within the Plexiglas canopy or the control yoke of an F16 rather than behind the instrument panel or maybe the whole comm suite into the pilot's helmet. C1 USAF, OO, ALC, TISAC, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Kirkland, LV (reprint author), USAF, OO, ALC, TISAC, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7441-X PY 2002 BP 769 EP 776 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV70C UT WOS:000179852000070 ER PT S AU Wright, CHG Welch, TB Etter, DM Morrow, MG AF Wright, CHG Welch, TB Etter, DM Morrow, MG GP IEEE IEEE TI A systematic model for teaching DSP SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB While many DSP topics are difficult for undergraduates to internalize, appropriate demonstrations and laboratory experiences have been shown to be very helpful. This paper describes a highly successful pedagogical model the authors have developed which includes theory, demos, lab exercises, and real-time DSP experience using MATLAB and the Texas Instruments C6711 digital signal processing starter kit. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wright, CHG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7402-9 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2002 BP 4140 EP 4143 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU96P UT WOS:000177510401036 ER PT S AU Wright, CHG Welch, TB Etter, DM Morrow, MG AF Wright, CHG Welch, TB Etter, DM Morrow, MG GP IEEE IEEE TI Teaching hardware-based DSP: Theory to practice SO 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAY 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB The authors have developed a teaching model which includes theory, demonstrations, lab exercises, and real-time DSP experience using MATLAB and the Texas Instruments C6711 digital signal processing starter kit. This paper describes specific demonstrations that can be used as part of this model. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wright, CHG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-7402-9 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2002 BP 4148 EP 4151 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU96P UT WOS:000177510401038 ER PT S AU Harris, S AF Harris, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Liquid Crystal Optical Phased Arrays: Practical issues and applications SO 2002 IEEE/LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 10-14, 2002 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, MultiFunct ElectroOpt Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harris, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, MultiFunct ElectroOpt Branch, 3109 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7500-9 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2002 BP 520 EP 521 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV68X UT WOS:000179772700259 ER PT S AU Peterson, RD Schepler, KL AF Peterson, RD Schepler, KL GP IEEE IEEE TI Target ranging and identification using timing modulation of a mode-locked laser SO 2002 IEEE/LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 10-14, 2002 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNJW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peterson, RD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNJW, 3109 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7500-9 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2002 BP 602 EP 603 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV68X UT WOS:000179772700300 ER PT B AU Lee, MJ Temple, MA Claypoole, RL Raines, RA Stephens, JP AF Lee, MJ Temple, MA Claypoole, RL Raines, RA Stephens, JP GP IEEE IEEE TI Wavelet domain communication system: Bit error sensitivity characterization for geographically separated transceivers SO 2002 MILCOM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: GLOBAL INFORMATION GRID - ENABLING TRANSFORMATION THROUGH 21ST CENTURY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2002) CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA AB (U) The Wavelet Domain Communication System (WDCS) uses a packet-based transform to estimate the electromagnetic spectrum., Adaptive thresholding and 'notching' is applied to remove sub-bands containing interference, effectively excising the interference. A unique communication basis function is generated from the notched spectral estimate and ideally contains no information bearing energy at notched locations. The basis function is data modulated prior to transmission. For this work, WDCS performance is evaluated for various scenarios using a MATLAB(R) model and simulation results. Bit error rate (P-B) provides the key metric for analysis and performance evaluation. Bit error "sensitivity" is examined for geographically separated transceivers "observing" dissimilar electro-magnetic environments. Previous WDCS research constrained transceivers to a localized geographical region such that nearly identical basis functions were created for communicating. Given sufficient transceiver separation, dissimilar basis functions are more likely to occur and P-B performance degrades. WDCS P-B robustness is addressed for scenarios including effects of 1) Doppler variation between transceivers, and 2) operation over a fading channel. For binary, 4-Ary, and 8-Ary CSK data modulations, P-B sensitivity analyses indicate the WDCS communicates effectively under nonideal 'real-world' conditions while exhibiting average P-b improvements of 5.4, 5.1, and 5.8 dB, respectively, relative to systems having no interference suppression. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7625-0 PY 2002 BP 1378 EP 1382 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW09Y UT WOS:000180880500252 ER PT B AU Rotman, SR Silverman, J Caefer, CE AF Rotman, SR Silverman, J Caefer, CE GP IEEE IEEE TI Segmentation and analysis of hyperspectral data SO 22ND CONVENTION OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS IN ISRAEL, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Convention of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel CY DEC 01, 2002 CL TEL AVIV, ISRAEL SP IEEE Israel Sect, Assoc Engineers & Architects Israel, Motorola Israel, Technion, Holon Acad Inst Technol, Tel Aviv Univ, Gordon Ctr Energy Studies, Jerusalem Coll Technol Machon Lev, Omicron Delta C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHI, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Rotman, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHI, 80 Scott Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RI ROTMAN, STANLEY/F-1390-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7693-5 PY 2002 BP 123 EP 123 DI 10.1109/EEEI.2002.1178357 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW11P UT WOS:000180925100048 ER PT B AU Bechel, VT Fredin, MB Donaldson, SL Kim, RY Camping, JD AF Bechel, VT Fredin, MB Donaldson, SL Kim, RY Camping, JD BE Rasmussen, BM Pilato, LA Kliger, HS TI Combined cryogenic and elevated temperature cycling of carbon/polymer composites SO 47TH INTERNATIONAL SAMPE SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION, VOL 47, BOOKS 1 AND 2: AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY-PLATFORM TO GLOBAL VALUE AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 12-16, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE cryogenic cycling; carbon fiber; bismaleimides; epoxy resin AB An apparatus was developed to repetitively apply a -196degreesC thermal load to coupon-sized mechanical test specimens. Using this device, IM7/5250-4 (carbon/bismalcimide) cross-ply and quasi-isotropic laminates were submerged in liquid nitrogen (LN2) 400 times. Ply-by-ply micro-crack density, laminate modulus, and laminate strength were measured as a function of thermal cycles. Quasi-isotropic samples of IM7/977-3 (carbon/epoxy) composite were also manually cycled between liquid nitrogen and an oven set at 120 degreesC for 130 cycles to determine whether including elevated temperature in the thermal cycle significantly altered the degree or location of micro-cracking. In response to thermal cycling, both materials micro-cracked extensively in the surface plies followed by sparse cracking of the inner plies. The tensile modulus of the IM7/5250-4 specimens was unaffected by thermal cycling, but the tensile strength of two of the lay-ups decreased by as much as 8.5%. C1 USAF, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bechel, VT (reprint author), USAF, MLBC, 2941 P St,Bldg 654, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-92-1 PY 2002 BP 808 EP 819 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BU92A UT WOS:000177401800070 ER PT B AU Donaldson, SL Kim, RY AF Donaldson, SL Kim, RY BE Rasmussen, BM Pilato, LA Kliger, HS TI Fatigue of composites at cryogenic temperatures SO 47TH INTERNATIONAL SAMPE SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION, VOL 47, BOOKS 1 AND 2: AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY-PLATFORM TO GLOBAL VALUE AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 12-16, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE cryogenic testing; transverse cracks; fatigue; carbon fiber; bismaleimide AB The objective of this work is to develop an understanding of the fatigue life of composites (in this case, Cytec IM7/5250-4 carbon fiber-rein forced bismaleimide) at elevated temperature (150degreesC), room temperature, and in liquid nitrogen (-196degreesC). Cyclic life data from [90](T) and [+/-45](2s) specimens are presented as well as the quantification of transverse cracks in [45/0/45/90]s laminates. Emphasis is placed on the initiation and growth of transverse cracks, since their presence may increase the permeation of cryogenic liquids through the laminates. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Donaldson, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBC, 2941 P St Rm 136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-92-1 PY 2002 BP 1248 EP 1253 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BU92A UT WOS:000177401800109 ER PT B AU Ruth, P Viers, B Blanski, R Lee, A AF Ruth, P Viers, B Blanski, R Lee, A BE Rasmussen, BM Pilato, LA Kliger, HS TI Effects on processing by drop-in modifiers in nano-composite polymers SO 47TH INTERNATIONAL SAMPE SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION, VOL 47, BOOKS 1 AND 2: AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY-PLATFORM TO GLOBAL VALUE AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 12-16, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE nanocomposites; POSS; isotactic polypropylene AB One of the greatest barriers in transitioning new or altered polymers to commercial application is the cost of new equipment for processing or the cost of developing parameters for the new material. One solution is developing "drop-in" modifiers that alter the properties of presently used materials without altering the processing parameters or requiring exotic equipment. Over the last decade the Air Force Research Laboratory has studied how the Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) can be incorporated as blendables in industrial polymers like polypropylene to improve properties without sacrificing the ease of processing. This talk will detail the processing method (drying, blending, extruding and molding) of Octamethyl POSS/polypropylene nanocomposites. The degree of compatibility was established with visual methods. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Working Grp, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Ruth, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Working Grp, 10 E Saturn Blvd,Bldg 8451, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-92-1 PY 2002 BP 1497 EP 1502 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BU92A UT WOS:000177401800132 ER PT B AU Viers, B Phillips, S Haddad, T Esker, A Polidan, J Farmer-Creely, C Deng, JJ AF Viers, B Phillips, S Haddad, T Esker, A Polidan, J Farmer-Creely, C Deng, JJ BE Rasmussen, BM Pilato, LA Kliger, HS TI Model Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane thin films for coating applications SO 47TH INTERNATIONAL SAMPE SYMPOSIUM AND EXHIBITION, VOL 47, BOOKS 1 AND 2: AFFORDABLE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY-PLATFORM TO GLOBAL VALUE AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition CY MAY 12-16, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Process Engn DE POSS; monolayer; Langmuir-Blodgett AB The possibility of forming Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) based coatings is considered. Surfactant ROSS molecules (containing hydrophilic silanol "head" groups and hydrophobic organic coronas) are spread on water in a Langmuir-Blodgett apparatus and the surface pressure-area per molecule relationships are determined and correlated to the structure of the POSS surfactant. Langmuir-Blodgett transfer of surfactant POSS onto silicon substrates is considered as a model "dip coat" application; however, POSS monolayers do not appear to be suitable for Langmuir-Blodgett transfer. The thin film stability is discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Mat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Viers, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Mat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-92-1 PY 2002 BP 1508 EP 1516 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BU92A UT WOS:000177401800134 ER PT B AU Muse, RA Hardie, RC AF Muse, RA Hardie, RC BE Callaos, N Istepanian, R Lesso, W TI A new non-uniformity correction technique based on readout architecture in focal plane arrays SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL IX, PROCEEDINGS: IMAGE, ACOUSTIC, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE detector nonunifority correction; fixed pattern noise; focal plane array ID NONUNIFORMITY CORRECTION AB Many modem video cameras use arrays of photodiodes to sample the image. Non-uniform response among the photodiodes generates a spatial noise. Often, this can be the dominant noise source. Commonly included in this noise is the non-uniform response of the readout and digitization electronics. Most published non-uniformity correction (NUC) algorithms treat the aggregate non-uniformity as only a photodiode noise term. That is, non-uniformity from the readout and digitization electronics is assumed to be part of the photodiode's response non-uniformity. In this paper, we present a scene based NUC algorithm designed to exploit knowledge of the noise sources in the hybrid focal plane array (FPA) and digitization electronics. The algorithm first addresses the readout and digitization noise and then treats the photodiode noise in a subsequent step. We show that high-quality corrections can be obtained with a very small number of frames (e.g., 5-10 frames). C1 AFRL, SNJM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Muse, RA (reprint author), AFRL, SNJM, 3109 P St,Bldg 622, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV43L UT WOS:000178929100029 ER PT B AU Pack, DJ Wright, CHG AF Pack, DJ Wright, CHG BE Callaos, N Istepanian, R Lesso, W TI Object recognition of occluded targets using a subspace graph search method SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL IX, PROCEEDINGS: IMAGE, ACOUSTIC, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE eigenspace; object recognition; occlusion AB This paper describes a novel method to detect occluded objects using eigenspace projection techniques. In particular, we show that analysis of an image in multiple sub-eigenspaces increases the recognition performance of a subspace-based target recognition system when part of a target is not visible to image sensors. We present some preliminary results that validate this method. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pack, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 172 EP 177 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV43L UT WOS:000178929100033 ER PT B AU Humphries, JW AF Humphries, JW BE Callaos, N Leng, T Sanchez, B TI A secure mobile agent architecture for knowledge discovery and data mining SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL V, PROCEEDINGS: COMPUTER SCI I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE mobile agents; data mining; distributed systems AB Information overload is a major concern in the digital age as organizations are often overwhelmed by the volume of data that must be handled and analyzed. New tools and techniques are being developed in the emerging field of knowledge discovery and data raining to help alleviate these problems. Mobile agents offer several unique advantages over traditional approaches in solving the difficult issues involved in the process of knowledge discovery. In particular, mobile agents offer significant contributions in data selection, pre-processing, and data transformation. The ability to secure these mobile agents provides additional protection against privacy concerns often raised in knowledge discovery. This paper proposes a framework for improving the knowledge discovery process through the use of a secure mobile agent architecture. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Humphries, JW (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 291 EP 296 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BV59D UT WOS:000179459500053 ER PT J AU Iarve, EV Mollenhauer, DH AF Iarve, EV Mollenhauer, DH TI Full-field singular stresses in a composite laminate weakened by a cylindrical cavity: theory and experiment SO ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composite material; hybrid analysis; variational method; moire interferometry AB Analytical and experimental investigation of strain fields arising in composite laminates in the vicinity of an open hole and ply interfaces was performed. The singular stress fields, arising at the ply interface and hole edge intersections, were analytically examined by using a novel technique based on superposition of an asymptotic and spline approximation solution. The moire interferometry technique, providing high spatial resolution and allowing rapid strain variations across a laminate thickness to be recorded, was utilized to experimentally measure the strain distributions throughout the thickness of a [+30(2)/-30(2)/90(4)](3s) laminate. The singular solution and the experimentally measured strain showed good agreement for most strain components with some discrepancy for the interlaminar normal strain component. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iarve, EV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Ave, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-3046 J9 ADV COMPOS MATER JI Adv. Compos. Mater. PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1163/156855102753613255 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 533JT UT WOS:000174526800003 ER PT S AU Hughes, DH Suter, BW AF Hughes, DH Suter, BW BE Luk, FT TI Space-time-frequency moment densities SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures and Implementations XII CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE instantaneous moments; Wigner distribution; time-frequency AB The frequency operator, Omega equivalent to i partial derivative/partial derivativet, is not necessarily Hermitian when acting on nonstationary signals. Central moment densities of Omega and its conjugate, temporal operator T, are proportional to the real parts of local central moments derived from the Wigner distribution. A nonrelativistic space-time-frequency Wigner distribution forms the backdrop and motivation for the present investigation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Rome, NY USA. RP Hughes, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Rome, NY USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4558-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4791 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.455783 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91G UT WOS:000180377900007 ER PT S AU Hughes, DH AF Hughes, DH BE Luk, FT TI Modeling the diurnal variation of ionospheric layers via Thom canonical potentials: Time-frequency signatures SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures and Implementations XII CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE time-frequency; nonlinear oscillations; ionosphere; catastrophe theory AB The A(3) Thom canonical polynomial is used in a Newtonian gradient system to model the diurnal variation of ionospheric E and F layers. Time-frequency signatures of the plasma frequency variation over a scaled day are modeled. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Rome, NY USA. RP Hughes, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Rome, NY USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4558-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4791 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.447888 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BV91G UT WOS:000180377900012 ER PT S AU McKay, JB Roh, WB Schepler, KL AF McKay, JB Roh, WB Schepler, KL BE Fermann, ME Marshall, LR TI Extended Mid-IR tuning of a Cr2+: CdSe laser SO ADVANCED SOLID-STATE LASERS, PROCEEDINGS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Advanced Solid-State Lasers CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID EFFICIENT AB We report 2450-3400 nm laser operation from a Cr2+:CdSe laser, pumped by a Q-switched Tm,Ho:YLF laser. Laser tuning was achieved over a large part of the 21003400 nm emission cross section bandwidth using a simple grating-tuned resonator. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McKay, JB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-697-4 J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2002 VL 68 BP 371 EP 373 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAH79 UT WOS:000222298600080 ER PT S AU Tomlinson, BJ Davis, TM Hill, SD Bruninghaus, CH AF Tomlinson, BJ Davis, TM Hill, SD Bruninghaus, CH BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Current and future air force space cryogenic technology development SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB Current space cryocooler developments have achieved performance and capability that have made the use of active refrigeration in space missions feasible. Several space flight demonstrations and operational programs have baselined and implemented active refrigeration to achieve mission goals. The application of cryocooler technology validates the progress achieved to enable improved mission capabilities and reliability and lifetime confidence in active refrigeration in space. Past development efforts have focused primarily on reliability and the achievement of long life, However, future military space applications have renewed focus on improvements needed in several aspects of current cooling technology including higher capacity cooling loads, multistage cooling, mass reduction, and improvement in efficiency, low temperature performance, and lifetimes greater than 10 years. In addition, due to the potential for large system parasitic heat penalties, cryogenic integration technology is currently being developed to allow efficient cryocooler to cooled component integration. This paper will focus on the current and future developments at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Space Vehicles Directorate for advanced cryogenic integration technology. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Cryogen Technol Grp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tomlinson, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Cryogen Technol Grp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 1101 EP 1108 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700136 ER PT S AU Bruninghaus, CHY Kallman, JP Tomlinson, BJ Myrick, E AF Bruninghaus, CHY Kallman, JP Tomlinson, BJ Myrick, E BE Breon, S DiPirro, M Glaister, D Hull, J Kittel, P Pecharsky, V Radebaugh, R Theilacker, J VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zeller, A TI Performance characterization of the Astrium 10K developmental cryocooler SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 47, PTS A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE AB To satisfy future Air Force mission requirements, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), sponsored by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), led a development program for a proof-of-concept cryocooler designed to support a cooling load of 45mW at 10.4K. Under the technology development program, Astrium (formerly Matra Marconi Space) in Stevenage, United Kingdom, developed a Stirling cycle cryocooler with four Oxford flexure compressors and a two-stage expansion cold end. The cooler was delivered to AFRL, instrumented, and integrated with a 36-inch vacuum chamber for performance characterization and long life endurance evaluation. This paper contains a short description of the cooler's physical components. Also presented are cool down curves, characteristic load lines, and lessons learned during the characterization process. The cooler will enter a long term endurance evaluation after completion of its performance characterization. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bruninghaus, CHY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0059-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 613 BP 1109 EP 1116 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BU75R UT WOS:000176920700137 ER PT S AU Barnes, PN Mukhopadhyay, S Nekkanti, R Haugan, T Biggers, R Maartense, I AF Barnes, PN Mukhopadhyay, S Nekkanti, R Haugan, T Biggers, R Maartense, I BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI XPS depth profiling studies of YBCO layer on buffered substrates SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID THIN-FILMS AB XPS studies of a typical YBCO coated conductor architecture were conducted to investigate the chemical and microstructural profiles. The detailed XPS depth profiling study was performed on one sample (YBCO/CeO2/YSZ/CeO2/Ni) of coated conductor. The chemical depth profiling involved bombarding a small area of the specimen surface with 3 KeV Ar+ ions and analyzing the freshly exposed surface after each bombardment. Results of the process show that the Y(3d) photo-electronic peak shape in these films is very different from bulk (sintered and oxygen annealed) YBCO superconductors and surface analysis of YBCO thin films. This may indicate a possible difference in the atomic co-ordination between some laser-ablated films and bulk sintered ones. The correlation between chemical binding states of the ions and superconducting properties need to be investigated in details. The lower portion of the YBCO film showed distinct signs of contamination including Ce, and traces of Ni. An initial report of Zr diffusion into this YBCO layer is also reported. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 614 EP 618 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600076 ER PT S AU Oberly, CE Rhoads, GL Barnes, PN Long, L Scott, DJ Carr, WJ AF Oberly, CE Rhoads, GL Barnes, PN Long, L Scott, DJ Carr, WJ BE Balachandran, B Gubser, D Hartwig, KT TI The importance of interfilamentary barrier resistance in YBCO coated conductor to minimize AC losses SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 48A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Alliant Energy Corp, Univ Wisconsin Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Argonne Natl Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Iowa State Univ, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, US DOE ID THICK-FILMS; TAPES AB YBCO coated superconducting tapes can be optimized to minimize the ac loss in aggressive magnetic field and frequency environments typical of synchronous generator armature windings and air core transformers. Optimized conductors can be realized by creating a multifilamentary structure incorporating high barrier resistance that allows a practical twist pitch to minimize coupling losses. Barrier electrical resistance is being characterized and several methods for creating high barrier resistance in multifilamentary YBCO tapes by practical material processing methods are being explored. The tradeoff between barrier resistance and twist pitch to minimize ac loss is discussed for power applications. Design limitations due to the twist requirement in generator and transformer windings are discussed for the multifilament YBCO tape. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oberly, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0060-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 614 BP 621 EP 630 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU91Z UT WOS:000177401600077 ER PT J AU Matson, CL AF Matson, CL TI Diffraction tomography for turbid media SO ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS, VOL 124 SE ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID PHOTON-DENSITY WAVES; OPTICAL-IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; BACKPROPAGATION ALGORITHM; BIOLOGICAL TISSUES; TUMOR-LOCALIZATION; SAMPLING THEOREMS; OBJECT LOCATION; THICK TISSUES C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1076-5670 J9 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS PY 2002 VL 124 BP 253 EP 342 PG 90 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BV67Y UT WOS:000179739000005 ER PT S AU Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ AF Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ BE Mather, PT Broer, DJ Bunning, TJ Walba, DM Zentel, R TI Real-time study of the evolution of anisotropic phase separation in H-PDLC's SO ADVANCES IN LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Liquid Crystalline Materials and Technologies held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, USAF Res Lab, USAF Off Sci Res ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; GRATINGS; POLYMER; DIFFRACTION AB We have investigated the dynamics of formation of a reflection hologram in a photosensitive formulation containing pre-polymer and liquid crystal. Kogelnik's two beam coupling theory of an isotropic material has previously been expanded to account for variations of refractive index Deltan in the x, y, and z directions. This theory predicts a non-zero p-polarized coupling coefficient, kappa(rho) 45degrees internal angle, only when a macroscopic anisotropy in the grating is present. A broadband source was used as a probe to monitor the diffraction efficiencies (DE) during exposure for both s- and p-polarized light. The onset of a macroscopic ordering of the liquid crystal is observed at the same time as the onset of scattering. We report here the effects of laser writing power on the temporal evolution of s- and p-polarized diffraction efficiency and p-polarized scattered intensity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Natarajan, LV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-645-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 709 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BU89M UT WOS:000177317500023 ER PT J AU McLucas, JL AF McLucas, JL TI We need "real-time" aircraft monitoring SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP McLucas, JL (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510BE UT WOS:000173188200001 ER PT S AU Cipar, JJ Meidunas, E Bassett, E AF Cipar, JJ Meidunas, E Bassett, E BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI A comparison of end member extraction techniques SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE remote sensing; hyperspectral images; end member spectra AB Image pixels represent either distinct materials (end members) that are present in the image, or mixtures of two or more of these pure materials. Estimates of pure end member spectra are needed for spectral libraries and for input into pixel unmixing codes. We investigate three algorithms for estimating end member spectra: (1) the convex hull method in which an n-dimensional surface is "shrink-wrapped" around the data cloud; (2) a pixel-by-pixel search method in which pixels that have sufficiently different spectral angles are declared end members; and (3) a pixel-by-pixel search method using Euclidean distance as a measure, followed by clustering to improve the estimate of the spectra. The convex hull technique should provide an estimate of pure end member spectra while the pixel-by-pixel search methods should find both distinct end members and distinct mixtures. Each method requires user-set thresholds to find distinct spectra, which can be expressed in spectral angle degrees or image-dependent units for Euclidean distance. Estimates for the lower threshold (below which two spectra are considered to be the same material) and the upper threshold (above which two spectra are definitely different materials) are derived empirically. Low-altitude AVIRIS data will be used to demonstrate the utility of these end member extraction methods. We will illustrate how well each technique compares to the others, and compare how well individual algorithms work across adjacent scenes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Cipar, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.478736 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100001 ER PT S AU Anderson, GP Felde, GW Hoke, ML Ratkowski, AJ Cooley, T Chetwynd, JH Gardner, JA Alder-Golden, SM Matthew, MW Berk, A Bernstein, LS Acharya, PK Miller, D Lewis, P AF Anderson, GP Felde, GW Hoke, ML Ratkowski, AJ Cooley, T Chetwynd, JH Gardner, JA Alder-Golden, SM Matthew, MW Berk, A Bernstein, LS Acharya, PK Miller, D Lewis, P BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI MODTRAN4-based atmospheric correction algorithm: FLAASH (Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes) SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MODTRAN; FLAASH; atmospheric radiative transfer; hyperspectral; radiance; reflectance; image processing ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MODIS; RESOLUTION; FASCODE; AEROSOL; MODEL; SKY AB Terrain categorization and target detection algorithms applied to Hyperspectral Imagery (HSI) typically operate on the measured reflectance (of sun and sky illumination) by an object or scene. Since the reflectance is a non-dimensional ratio, the reflectance by an object is nominally not affected by variations in lighting conditions. Atmospheric Correction (also referred to as Atmospheric 'Compensation', 'Characterization', etc.) Algorithms (ACAs) are used in applications of remotely sensed HSI data to correct for the effects of atmospheric propagation on measurements acquired by air and space-borne systems. The Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) algorithm is an ACA created for HSI applications in the visible through shortwave infrared (Vis-SWIR) spectral regime. FLAASH derives its 'physics-based' mathematics from MODTRAN4. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.478737 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100007 ER PT S AU Meidunas, E Puetz, A Hoke, M Byrne, C AF Meidunas, E Puetz, A Hoke, M Byrne, C BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI RBI-EMML signal separation for imaging techniques SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE spectral un-mixing; EM algorithm; maximum likelihood methods; hyperspectral; sub-pixel; autonomous AB Many imaging techniques commonly involve the extraction of mixed signal information from a pixel. In most mixed pixel cases, this is assumed to be a linear mixture and signal separation routines have been developed with this mixing composition scheme in mind. One such signal separation routine incorporates the Expectation Maximization Maximum Likelihood (EMML) algorithm for the determination of signal mixtures in a pixel. This routine, however, is very inefficient in that it requires large iteration values to converge to a solution. This report is the result of the implementation of a Re-scaled Block Iterative EMML approach, commonly used in the medical field for emission tomography image processing, to perform signal separation, while greatly increasing the efficiency in computation and rate of convergence to a solution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Meidunas, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4475-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4725 BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.1117/12.478760 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV33B UT WOS:000178612100028 ER PT S AU Meyer, GJ Gustafson, SC Arnold, DG AF Meyer, GJ Gustafson, SC Arnold, DG BE Zelnio, EG TI Extracting models from RADAR data for 3-D target ID SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IX CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE RADAR; 3D modeling; 3D scattering; RADAR target modeling; invariants; phase unwrapping AB This paper details a model building technique to construct geometric target models from RADAR data collected in a controlled environment. An algorithm to construct three-dimensional target models from a complex RADAR return expressed as discrete sets of scattering center coordinates with associated amplitudes is explained in detail. The model is a three-dimensional extension of proven RADAR scattering models that treat the RADAR return as a sum of complex exponentials. A Fourier Transform converts this to impulses in the frequency domain where the relative phase difference between scattering centers is a "wrapped" phase term. If the viewing sphere is sampled densely enough, the phase is unambiguously "unwrapped". The minimum sampling interval is explicitly determined as a function of the extent of the target in wavelengths. A least squares solution determines the coordinates of each scattering center. Properties of the collection geometry allow the minimum sampling density of the viewing sphere to be increased, but at the cost of testing competing hypotheses to determine which one best fits the phase data. The complex RADAR return of a random object is created sampling a V slice of the viewing sphere to validate the model-building algorithm. All coordinates of the random object are extracted perfectly. Hopefully this algorithm can build three-dimensional scattering center models valid over the entire viewing sphere with each target represented as a discrete set of scattering centers. A rectangular window function associated with each scattering center would model persistence across the viewing sphere. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Meyer, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4477-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4727 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.478694 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV29N UT WOS:000178477100004 ER PT S AU Mitra, AK Lewis, TL Paul, AS Shaw, AK AF Mitra, AK Lewis, TL Paul, AS Shaw, AK BE Zelnio, EG TI Ultra-wideband radar data models and target detection with adaptive rank-order filters SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IX CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; synthetic aperture radar; target detection; signal models; rank-order filters ID SAR AB A number of aspects of ultra-wideband radar target detection analysis and algorithm development are addressed. The first portion of the paper describes a bi-modal technique for modeling ultra-wideband radar clutter. This technique was developed based on an analysis of ultra-wideband radar phenomenology. Synthetic image samples that were generated by this modeling process are presented. This sample set is characterized by a number of physical parameters. The second portion of this paper describes an approach to developing a class of filters, known as rank-order filters, for ultra-wideband radar target detection applications. The development of a new rank-order filter denoted as a "discontinuity filter" is presented. Comparative target detection results are presented as a function of data model parameters. The comparative results include "discontinuity filter" performance versus the performance of median filtering and CFAR filtering. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNRR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mitra, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNRR, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4477-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4727 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.478671 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV29N UT WOS:000178477100011 ER PT S AU Ross, TD Westerkamp, LA Dilsavor, RL Mossing, JC AF Ross, TD Westerkamp, LA Dilsavor, RL Mossing, JC BE Zelnio, EG TI Performance measures for summarizing confusion matrices - The AFRL COMPASE approach SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IX CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The AFRL COMPASE Center has developed and applied a disciplined methodology for the evaluation of recognition systems. This paper explores an element of that methodology related to the confusion matrix as a tabulation of experiment outcomes and its corresponding summary performance measures. To this end, the paper introduces terminology and the confusion matrix structure for experiment results. It provides several examples - from current Air Force programs - of summary performance measures and their relationship to the confusion matrix. Finally it considers the advantages and disadvantages of these summary performance measures and points to effective strategies for selecting such measures. C1 AFRL, SNA, AFRL COMPASE Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ross, TD (reprint author), AFRL, SNA, AFRL COMPASE Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4477-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4727 BP 310 EP 321 DI 10.1117/12.478692 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV29N UT WOS:000178477100030 ER PT S AU Levine, L Arnold, G Sturtz, K AF Levine, L Arnold, G Sturtz, K BE Zelnio, EG TI A label-invariant approach to Procrustes Analysis SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IX CY APR 01-02, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ATR; metrics; detection; recognition AB Procrustes Analysis (least-squares mapping) is typically used as a method of comparing the shape of two objects. This method relies on matching corresponding points (landmarks) from the data associated with each object. Typically, landmarks are physically meaningful locations (e.g. end of a nose) whose relationship to the whole object is known. Corresponding landmarks would be the same physical location on the two different individuals, and therefore Procrustes analysis is a reasonable method of measuring relative shape. However, in the application of automatic target recognition, the correspondence of landmarks is unknown. In other words, the description of the shape of an object is dependent upon the labeling of landmarks, an undesirable characteristic. In an attempt to circumvent the labeling problem (without exhaustively computing the factorial number of correspondences), this paper presents a label-invariant method of shape analysis. The label-invariant method presented in this paper uses measurements which are related to the measurements used in Procrustes Analysis. The label-invariant approach of shape measurement yields near-optimal results. A relation exists between Procrustes Analysis and the label-invariant measurements, however the relationship is not one to one. The goal is to further understand the implications of the nearly optimal results, and to further glean these intermediate results to form a measure of shape that is efficient and one to one with the Procrustes metric. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Levine, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNAT, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4477-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4727 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1117/12.478693 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV29N UT WOS:000178477100031 ER PT S AU Milman, YV Lotsko, DV Neikov, OD Sirko, AI Yefimov, NA Bilous, AN Miracle, DB Senkov, ON AF Milman, YV Lotsko, DV Neikov, OD Sirko, AI Yefimov, NA Bilous, AN Miracle, DB Senkov, ON BE Gregson, PJ Harris, SJ TI Processing, structure and mechanical behavior of rapidly solidified aluminum alloys containing quasicrystalline particles SO ALUMINUM ALLOYS 2002: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys CY JUL 02-05, 2002 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Alcon Int, Alcoa Europe, Hydro Aluminium, Univ Cambridge, Qinetiq, Univ Southampton, Univ Nottingham DE quasicrystals; nanophase particles; aluminum alloys; rapid solidification; mechanical properties; elevated temperatures; intermetallics ID QUASI-CRYSTAL AB Aluminum-based alloys containing quasicrystalline particles of 50 - 600 nm in diameter as a reinforcing phase were produced in the form of powder or ribbons by water atomization or melt spinning techniques, respectively. Rods were compacted from the powders and some ribbons, and their mechanical properties were determined. Microstructures and phases in powders, ribbons and compacted rods were investigated using TEM and X-ray diffraction. Several alloys produced had high strength (about 300 MPa) at temperatures up to 300 degreesC. The quasicrystalline particles were stable for coarsening and decomposition at temperatures up to 400 degreesC. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Milman, YV (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, 3 Krgiganovksy Str, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X; Milman, Yuly/0000-0003-1889-7373 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 396-4 BP 723 EP 728 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU80A UT WOS:000177030500116 ER PT S AU Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Milman, YV Scott, JM Lotsko, DV Sirko, A AF Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Milman, YV Scott, JM Lotsko, DV Sirko, A BE Gregson, PJ Harris, SJ TI Low temperature mechanical properties of scandium-modified Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys SO ALUMINUM ALLOYS 2002: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys CY JUL 02-05, 2002 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Alcon Int, Alcoa Europe, Hydro Aluminium, Univ Cambridge, Qinetiq, Univ Southampton, Univ Nottingham DE Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys; precipitation strengthening; tensile properties; microstructure; cryogenic temperatures; effect of scandium alloying AB Tensile properties of three wrought alloys, (1) Al-10Zn-3Mg-1.2Cu-0.15Zr, (2) Al-10Zn-3Mg-1.2Cu-0.15Zr-0.39Mn-0.49Sc, and (3) Al-12Zn-3Mg-1.2Cu-0.15Zr-0.39Mn-0.49Sc were studied in T6 and T7 conditions at 298K and 77K. The properties depended on the alloy compositions and heat treatment conditions. An increase in the concentration of Zn increased strength and decreased ductility. An addition of Sc increased both strength and ductility. The alloys showed very high strength both at room and cryogenic temperatures. In the T6 condition, the following properties were obtained at room temperature: YS = 760 to 805 MPa, UTS = 770 to 810 MPa, El = 3 to 9%. When the temperature was decreased to 77K, strength increased while elongation decreased, and their values were YS = 1005 to 1065 MPa, UTS = 1010 to 1065 MPa, El = 0.3 to 0.7%. Over-aging allowed an increase in elongation to a value as high as 8.5% at the values of YS = 805 MPa and UTS = 835 MPa at the cryogenic temperature. The deformed alloys showed mixed type of fracture. The fraction of the brittle component increased when the temperature decreased. Although they showed high elongation, the alloys in T7 condition fractured predominantly by intergranular mode at the cryogenic temperature. C1 AFRL, MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Mat Sci Problems, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), AFRL, MLLMD, Bldg 655,2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X; Milman, Yuly/0000-0003-1889-7373 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 396-4 BP 1127 EP 1132 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU80A UT WOS:000177030500183 ER PT S AU Milman, YV Sirko, AI Lotsko, DV Senkov, ON Miracle, DB AF Milman, YV Sirko, AI Lotsko, DV Senkov, ON Miracle, DB BE Gregson, PJ Harris, SJ TI Microstructure and mechanical properties of cast and wrought Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys modified with Zr and Sc SO ALUMINUM ALLOYS 2002: THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PTS 1-3 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys CY JUL 02-05, 2002 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Alcon Int, Alcoa Europe, Hydro Aluminium, Univ Cambridge, Qinetiq, Univ Southampton, Univ Nottingham DE Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys; scandium; zirconium; microstructure; second phases; coherent particles; precipitation hardening; mechanical properties AB A beneficial effect of alloying with Sc and Zr on microstructure and mechanical properties of highly alloyed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with an increased content of Zn (to 10-12%(1)) was investigated. The alloys were produced by casting with a cooling rate of 50 degreesC/s and then extruded to rods at 400 degreesC. Tensile properties of the rods in T6 condition are discussed in connection with the results of microstructural investigations. It is shown that alloying with Sc and Zr permits the UTS to be achieved as high as about 820 MPa at ductility level of 5.8% (in the alloy containing 12% Zn). C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Milman, YV (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, 3 Krgiganovsky Str, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X; Milman, Yuly/0000-0003-1889-7373 NR 13 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 396-4 BP 1217 EP 1222 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU80A UT WOS:000177030500198 ER PT J AU Vij, A Pavlovich, JG Wilson, WW Vij, V Christe, KO AF Vij, A Pavlovich, JG Wilson, WW Vij, V Christe, KO TI Experimental detection of the pentaazacyclopentadienide (pentazolate) anion, cyclo-N-5(-) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; NITROGEN; N-5(+); MECHANISM; IONS; ARYLDIAZONIUM; STABILITIES; CHEMISTRY; COMPLEXES; CLUSTERS C1 ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Sci & Adv Concepts Div, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Vij, A (reprint author), ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 45 TC 152 Z9 159 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 16 BP 3051 EP 3054 DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020816)41:16<3051::AID-ANIE3051>3.0.CO;2-T PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 586RD UT WOS:000177597700043 PM 12203455 ER PT J AU Alfano, AJ Christe, KO AF Alfano, AJ Christe, KO TI Singlet delta oxygen production from a gas-solid reaction SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; ENERGY-TRANSFER C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 17 BP 3252 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-3773(20020902)41:17<3252::AID-ANIE3252>3.0.CO;2-G PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 592DG UT WOS:000177921000035 PM 12207405 ER PT J AU Clouse, WD Hagino, RT Chiou, A DeCaprio, J Kashyap, VS AF Clouse, WD Hagino, RT Chiou, A DeCaprio, J Kashyap, VS TI Extracranial cerebrovascular revascularization for chronic ocular ischemia SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Meeting of the Peripheral-Vascular-Surgery-Society CY JUN 09, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Peripheral Vasc Surg Soc ID CAROTID-ARTERY DISEASE; ENDARTERECTOMY; FLOW AB We investigated the demographics, presentation, and outcome of patients undergoing cerebrovascular reconstruction for chronic ocular ischemia (COI) at a single institution through a review of 17 patients over a 9-year period. A total of 558 extracranial cerebrovascular reconstructions were performed during the period of study. Seventeen patients (3%) suffered symptoms of COI. There were 19 symptomatic eyes and 15 asymptomatic eyes. Two patients suffered bilateral symptoms. Eighteen (95%) symptomatic eyes experienced rapidly degenerating global visual acuity, and one suffered bright-light amaurosis. Concomitant ocular pathology was present in 10 (59%) patients, consisting of glaucoma (n = 4), cataracts (n = 4), diabetic retinopathy (n = 3), and macular degeneration (n = 1). Symptomatic eyes were found to have significantly worse ipsilateral internal carotid artery (p = 0.004), external carotid artery (p = 0.002), aortic arch branch disease (p = 0,04), and vertebral artery disease (p = 0.04). All 17 reconstructions treated ipsilateral disease. Twelve patients (70.6%) had significant bilateral disease at the time of operation. Three patients underwent staged contralateral reconstruction. Following revascularization, subjective visual improvement or stabilization occurred in 16 patients (94%). A single patient worsened after developing acute narrow angle glaucoma in the perioperative period. Worse cerebrovascular disease is present ipsilateral to symptomatic eyes. When revascularization is performed, arrest of progression or improvement of symptoms occurs in most patients. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Sect, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Clouse, WD (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Vasc Surg, 15 Parkman St,WAC 458, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1007/s10016-001-0137-1 PG 5 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 529PK UT WOS:000174307700001 PM 11904796 ER EF