FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Tong, A AF Tong, A TI Updates on human centered research and development acquisitions SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, MC, CFS, Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Tong, A (reprint author), USAF, MC, CFS, Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 74 IS 2 BP 195 EP 195 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 640WD UT WOS:000180710300017 PM 12602455 ER PT J AU Agarwal, G Jones, S Naik, RR Tsukruk, VV Ornatska, M Stone, MO AF Agarwal, G Jones, S Naik, RR Tsukruk, VV Ornatska, M Stone, MO TI Functional imaging of reconstituted Mechano Sensitive Channel of Large conductance (MscL) by atomic force microscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 01-05, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Biophys Soc, Axon Instruments, ALA Sci Instruments C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 84 IS 2 SU S BP 21A EP 21A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 682ZW UT WOS:000183123800099 ER PT J AU Gordnier, RE Fithen, R AF Gordnier, RE Fithen, R TI Coupling of a nonlinear finite element structural method with a Navier-Stokes solver SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; Navier-Stokes equations; aeroelastic; panel flutter; nonlinear plate model; finite element ID ALGORITHM; FLOW AB A new three-dimensional viscous aeroelastic solver is developed in the present work. A well validated full Navier-Stokes code is coupled with a nonlinear finite element plate model. Implicit coupling between the computational fluid dynamics and structural solvers is achieved using a subiteration approach. Computations of several benchmark static and dynamic plate problems are used to validate the finite element portion of the code. This coupled aeroelastic scheme is then applied to the problem of three-dimensional panel flutter. Inviscid and viscous supersonic results match previous computations using the same aerodynamic method coupled with a finite difference structural solver. For the case of subsonic flow, multiple solutions consisting of static, upward and downward deflections of the panel are discussed. The particular solution obtained is shown to be sensitive to the cavity pressure specified underneath the panel. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate,AFRL,VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Arkansas Tech Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Russellville, AR 72801 USA. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate,AFRL,VAAC, Bldg 146,Rm 225,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2 BP 75 EP 89 AR PII S0045-7949(02)00390-5 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(02)00390-5 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 641WY UT WOS:000180771100002 ER PT J AU Hale, TB Temple, MA Raquet, JF Oxley, ME Wicks, MC AF Hale, TB Temple, MA Raquet, JF Oxley, ME Wicks, MC TI Localised three-dimensional adaptive spatial-temporal processing for airborne radar SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID ELEVATION INTERFEROMETRY AB Radar space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques have classically focused on azimuth-Doppler adaptivity while placing minimal emphasis on elevation. Elevation adaptivity offers significant clutter suppression improvement, allowing further suppression of interference sources having identical Doppler and azimuth as the expected target. Work is presented which incorporates elevation adaptivity using two approaches: a factored approach and a joint domain approach, both greatly improving clutter suppression performance. The proposed concepts are validated using results based on simulated range ambiguous airborne radar data. Target detection improvements on the order of 8 dB. and 10 dB (as compared to standard 2D-JDL processing) are demonstrated for the factored and joint domain approaches, respectively, using an 8 x 8 nonuniform rectangular array. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Hale, TB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 150 IS 1 BP 18 EP 22 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20030075 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 656XT UT WOS:000181636900004 ER PT J AU Himed, B AF Himed, B TI Effects of bistatic clutter dispersion on STAP systems SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID RADAR AB The performance of several space time adaptive processing (STAP) approaches in bistatic applications is analysed. Specific consideration is given to the effects of bistatic clutter spectral dispersion on covariance estimation and the algorithm's resulting clutter-rejection capability. The role of adaptive processing methods capable of high performance with efficient utilisation of the required training data is emphasised. A deterministic two-dimensional (angle-Doppler) compensation technique is used as a pre-processor and is compared to the Doppler warping approach. The algorithm performance is assessed using the output signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) compared to that of the matched filter with a known covariance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Radar Signal Proc Branch,SNRT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Himed, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Radar Signal Proc Branch,SNRT, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 150 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20030100 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 656XT UT WOS:000181636900006 ER PT J AU Kohn, E Daumiller, I Kunze, M Neuburger, M Seyboth, M Jenkins, TJ Sewell, JS Van Norstand, J Smorchkova, Y Mishra, UK AF Kohn, E Daumiller, I Kunze, M Neuburger, M Seyboth, M Jenkins, TJ Sewell, JS Van Norstand, J Smorchkova, Y Mishra, UK TI Transient characteristics of GaN-based heterostructure field-effect transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE GaN; heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs); switching experiments; transient analysis ID ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; CURRENT COLLAPSE; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; SURFACE-STATES; HFETS; PASSIVATION; PERFORMANCE; MODULATION; MODFETS; SIGNAL AB DC current-switching and power-switching transients of various GaN-based FET structures are investigated. Two different characteristics are compared, namely, thermal and electronic transients. While the thermal transients are mainly reflected in changes in channel carrier mobility, the electronic transients are dominated by charge instabilities caused by the polar nature of the material. The discussion of the electronic transients focuses, therefore, on instabilities caused by polarization-induced image charges. Three structures are discussed, which are: 1) a conventional AlGaN/GaN heterostructure FET, 2) an InGaN-channel FET, and 3) an AlGaN/GaN double-barrier structure. In structures 2) and 3), field-induced image charges are substituted by doping impurities, eliminating this source of related instability. This is indeed observed. C1 Univ Ulm, Dept Electron Devices & Circuits, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. Univ Ulm, Dept Optoelect, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43240 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kohn, E (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Electron Devices & Circuits, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. EM Martin.Neuburger@e-technik.uni-ulm.de NR 27 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 634 EP 642 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2002.807687 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 645MA UT WOS:000180980200005 ER PT J AU Gao, XL Li, K Mall, S AF Gao, XL Li, K Mall, S TI A mechanics-of-materials model for predicting Young's modulus of damaged woven fabric composites involving three damage modes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE woven fabric composites; damage modeling; effective Young's modulus; energy method; homogenization theory; transverse yarn cracking; interface debonding; sliding with friction AB An analytical model for damaged woven fabric composites is developed using the theory of advanced mechanics of materials. The analysis is based on Castigliano's second theorem and utilizes a damaged mosaic model laminate. Three damage modes (i.e., transverse yarn cracking, interface debonding, and sliding with friction at the interface) are considered. Only one independent interfacial parameter, the friction coefficient between warp and fill yarns, is introduced in the analysis. A closed-form formula is provided for estimating effective Young's modulus of damaged woven laminates. A parametric study of some 192 sample cases of two different composite systems (i.e., glass fiber/epoxy and ceramic fiber/ceramic) is conducted to illustrate the application and significance of the newly derived analytical model. The numerical values of the effective Young's modulus for the special case involving only transverse yarn cracking (the first damage mode) estimated by the present mechanics-of-materials model agree fairly well with those predicted by an elasticity-based model [Int. J. Solids Struct. 38 (2001) 855]. For the general case involving all three damage modes simultaneously, the present model reveals the complex nature of Young's modulus reduction in a quantitative manner, which differs from existing models. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gao, XL (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 40 IS 4 BP 981 EP 999 AR PII S0020-7683(02)00603-0 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00603-0 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 643ML UT WOS:000180865000011 ER PT J AU Jogai, B AF Jogai, B TI Influence of surface states on the two-dimensional electron gas in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PIEZOELECTRIC POLARIZATION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MOBILITY; CHARGE; HFETS; NOISE AB The electron transfer into the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs) is examined theoretically using a charge-control model. The model is based on a self-consistent solution of the Poisson, Schrodinger, and charge balance equations, together with the k.p Hamiltonian for the valence band states. Realistic surface boundary conditions are imposed, and surface states are included using Fermi-Dirac statistics. Based on the assumption that surface donors are the underlying cause of the 2DEG, a wide range of published data on the 2DEG can be explained. For instance, the variation of the 2DEG density with the AlGaN layer thickness and mole fraction can be accounted for, along with other experimental results, such as the reduction of the 2DEG density when the HFET is capped with a GaN layer, the saturation of the 2DEG density for thick GaN caps, and the increase in the 2DEG density when the surface is passivated. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1530729]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Jogai, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1631 EP 1635 DI 10.1063/1.1530729 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 639LL UT WOS:000180630200045 ER PT J AU Ferguson, EE Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Ferguson, EE Miller, TM Viggiano, AA TI The reaction HCl++CF4 -> HCF4++Cl: Implications for the heat of formation of CF3+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; THERMAL-ENERGY REACTIONS; ION; THERMOCHEMISTRY; HSO4-(H2SO4)(X)(HNO3)(Y); AFFINITIES; GAUSSIAN-2; STABILITY; MOLECULES; FLUORIDE AB For some years there has been a dispute concerning the appearance energy of CF3+ from CF4 [AE(CF3+/CF4)], or alternatively, the ionization energy of CF3[IE(CF3)] or the heat of formation of CF3+[Delta(f)H(CF3+)]. In an earlier work [M. Tichy, G. Javahery, N. D. Twiddy, and E. E. Ferguson, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 79, 231 (1987)] the reaction between HCl+ was used to support a low value, AE(CF3+/CF4)=14.2 eV. A remeasurement of this reaction over the temperature range 173-500 K shows that the original study was in error, both in the reported rate constant and the ion product. In the present work, the rate constant was found to be collisional, producing HCF4+. The rate constant for thermal decomposition of HCF4+ into HF+CF3+ was measured in the course of this work. These new measurements bring into harmony AE(CF3+/CF4) obtained from the HCl+ reaction and the value AE(CF3+/CF4)=14.67+/-0.04 eV reported by R. L. Asher and B. Ruscic [J. Chem. Phys. 106, 210 (1997)]. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NOAA, ERL, CMDL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 5 BP 2130 EP 2134 DI 10.1063/1.1532338 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 638PR UT WOS:000180579900013 ER PT J AU Moon, JW Goltz, MN Ahn, KH Park, JW AF Moon, JW Goltz, MN Ahn, KH Park, JW TI Dissolved organic matter effects on the performance of a barrier to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon transport by groundwater SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE surfactant; immobilization; dissolved organic matter; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; distribution coefficient ID WATER SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; COMPETITIVE SORPTION; NONIONIC SURFACTANT; POROUS-MEDIA; BINDING; CONTAMINANTS; PHENANTHRENE; CLAYS; MODEL AB In order to contain the movement of organic contaminants in groundwater, a subsurface sorption barrier consisting of sand or clay minerals coated with a cationic surfactant has been proposed. The effectiveness of such a sorption barrier might be affected by the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the groundwater. To study the impact of DOM on barrier performance, a series of batch experiments were,performed by measuring naphthalene and phenanthrene sorption onto sand coated with cetylpyridinium. chloride (CPC) and bentonite coated with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) in the presence of various concentrations of DOM. The overall soilwater distribution coefficient (K*) of naphthalene and phenanthrene onto CPC-coated sand decreased with increasing DOM concentration, whereas the K* of the compounds onto HDTMA-coated bentonite slightly increased with increasing DOM concentration. To describe the overall distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the systems, a competitive multiphase sorption (CMS) model was developed and compared with an overall mechanistic sorption (OMS) model. The modeling studies showed that while the OMS model did not explain the CPC-coated sand experimental results, a model that included competitive sorption between DOM and PAH did. The experimental results and the modeling study indicated that there was no apparent competition between DOM and PAH in the HDTMA-coated bentonite system, and indicated that in groundwater systems with high DOM, a barrier using HDTMA-coated bentonite might be more effective. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Ewha Womans Univ, NSERL, Seoul 120750, South Korea. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul 130650, South Korea. RP Park, JW (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 17 Haengdang Dong, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 60 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 326 AR PII S0169-7722(02)00084-0 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00084-0 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 635RD UT WOS:000180412200008 PM 12504364 ER PT J AU Stoppel, CM Goltz, MN AF Stoppel, CM Goltz, MN TI Modeling Pd-catalyzed destruction of chlorinated ethenes in groundwater SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE ground-water pollution; models; water treatment ID TCE DECHLORINATION; WATER AB Groundwater contamination by chlorinated ethenes is a widespread environmental problem. Shortcomings in conventional remediation methods have motivated research into novel treatment technologies. A palladium/alumina catalyst in the presence of molecular hydrogen gas (referred to hereafter as the Pd/H-2 system) has been demonstrated to destroy chlorinated ethenes in contaminated groundwater. This study presents a model for aqueous-phase destruction of chlorinated ethenes in contaminated groundwater using the Pd/H-2 system that includes catalyst deactivation and regeneration. The model is validated using published data from laboratory column experiments from Stanford University. The model is then coupled with an analytical groundwater flow model to simulate application of in-well Pd/H-2 reactors for in situ treatment of chlorinated ethene contaminated groundwater in a recirculating horizontal flow treatment Well (HFTW) system. Applying the model under realistic conditions results in approximately 130 days of HFTW system operation without significant catalyst deactivation. This suggests catalyst deactivation will not significantly affect system performance in a real remediation scenario. The model presented in this study, which simulates deactivation kinetics and regeneration of an in-well catalyst that is a component of a recirculating well system designed for in situ treatment of contaminated groundwater, represents an important step in transitioning the Pd/H-2 technology to the field. C1 USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stoppel, CM (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, 3207 Sidney Brooks,Bldg 532, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2003 VL 129 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:2(147) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 637BP UT WOS:000180492000008 ER PT J AU Ling, M Rifai, HS Newell, CJ Aziz, JJ Gonzales, JR AF Ling, M Rifai, HS Newell, CJ Aziz, JJ Gonzales, JR TI Groundwater monitoring plans at small-scale sites - an innovative spatial and temporal methodology SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID FIELD-SCALE AB An innovative methodology for improving existing groundwater monitoring plans at small-scale sites is presented. The methodology consists of three stand-alone methods: a spatial redundancy reduction method, a well-siting method for adding new sampling locations. and a sampling frequency determination method, The spatial redundancy reduction method eliminates redundant wells through an optimization process that minimizes the errors in plume delineation and the average Plume concentration estimation. The well-siting method locates possible ne sampling points For an inadequately delineated plume via regression analysis of plume centerline concentrations and estimation of plume dispersivity values. The sampling frequency determination method recommends the future frequency of sampling for each sampling location based oil the direction. magnitude. and uncertainty of the concentration trend derived from representative historical concentration data. Although the methodology is designed for small-scale sites, it call he easily adopted for large-scale site applications. The proposed methodology is applied to a small petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated site with a network of 12 monitoring, wells to demonstrate its effectiveness and validity. C1 Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Groundwater Serv Inc, Houston, TX 77098 USA. USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Rifai, HS (reprint author), Univ Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd,Room N107D, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 126 EP 134 DI 10.1039/b207682a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 669TE UT WOS:000182365900021 PM 12619767 ER PT J AU Dotzler, SA DiGeronimo, R Yoder, D Coalson, J Siler-Khodr, T AF Dotzler, SA DiGeronimo, R Yoder, D Coalson, J Siler-Khodr, T TI The distribution of corticotrophin releasing hormone in the fetal, newborn and adult baboon. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 29-FEB 01, 2003 CL CARMEL, CALIFORNIA SP American Fed Med Res C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Neonatol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 SU 1 MA 109 BP S274 EP S275 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 638KF UT WOS:000180569600637 ER PT J AU Nelson, S Bates, GW AF Nelson, S Bates, GW TI Post-partum pre-eclampsia in an adolescent: What pediatricians need to know. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 29-FEB 01, 2003 CL CARMEL, CALIFORNIA SP American Fed Med Res C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 SU 1 MA 139 BP S280 EP S280 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 638KF UT WOS:000180569600667 ER PT J AU Nelson, S Valtier, S Cody, J AF Nelson, S Valtier, S Cody, J TI Amphetamine metabolism: How to distinguish illicit from prescription use. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 29-FEB 01, 2003 CL CARMEL, CALIFORNIA SP American Fed Med Res C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Acad Hlth Sci, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 SU 1 MA 4 BP S256 EP S256 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 638KF UT WOS:000180569600532 ER PT J AU Winter, LW Yoder, BA Martin, HC AF Winter, LW Yoder, BA Martin, HC TI Urinary cortisol excretion rates in pre-term baboons: The effect of gestational age and pre-natal ureaplasma infection. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 29-FEB 01, 2003 CL CARMEL, CALIFORNIA SP American Fed Med Res C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 SU 1 MA 204 BP S291 EP S292 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 638KF UT WOS:000180569600732 ER PT J AU Dick, EJ Hubbard, GB Martin, LJ Leland, MM AF Dick, EJ Hubbard, GB Martin, LJ Leland, MM TI Record review of baboons with histologically confirmed endometriosis in a large established colony SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal model; disease; non-human primates; Papio; reproduction ID MONKEY MACACA-MULATTA; PAPIO-CYNOCEPHALUS; RHESUS-MONKEY; ANUBIS; MODEL AB Spontaneous endometriosis was diagnosed in 43 baboons over a 14-year period. Thirty-seven have died; five remain alive; one was sold and lost to follow-up. The average age at diagnosis was 17.2 years; 29 (67%) were between 12 and 21 years of age. Fifteen (35%) were diagnosed by biopsy and received surgical excision of the endometriotic tissue; four of these were identified during caesarian section, confirming one prior report of endometriosis in pregnant animals. Twenty-eight (65%) were diagnosed at or shortly preceding necropsy. When diagnosed by a palpable abdominal mass, there was a significantly greater likelihood the animal died or was killed as a result of complications of endometriosis. When diagnosis was at necropsy, there was a significantly greater likelihood that the animal died from causes unrelated to endometriosis. Early identification with surgical removal appears to provide a benefit for both survival and delivering offspring after diagnosis. In twenty-one baboons (49%), endometriosis affected multiple sites within the peritoneal cavity. In the remaining baboons, lesions were more localized. Ovarian involvement was seen in sixteen (37%) of these baboons. This paper is the first to describe significant ovarian involvement in baboons, previously considered a limitation of the usefulness of this species as an animal model. We also describe the first reported endometriosis seeding of an abdominal surgery scar in a baboon. Many of these baboons were middle aged, had few or no offspring, or had evidence of a long duration of uninterrupted menstrual cycles, consistent with risk factors for women. Endometriosis was an incidental finding in 17 (40%) of these baboons, consistent with previous reports of minimal endometriosis as a common asymptomatic finding in baboons and in women. Overall, endometriosis in baboons presents a spontaneously occurring animal model that shares important features with the disease in women and the rhesus macaque. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, CRES 59, MSROP Pathobiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, SW Natl Reg Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Dick, EJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, CRES 59, MSROP Pathobiol, 1255 Wilford Hall Loop, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR13986]; NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL28972] NR 20 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0684.2003.00008.x PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 647EC UT WOS:000181078600006 PM 12733601 ER PT J AU Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Newman, HS Ebel, JL Mahon, R McGee, DJ Goetz, PG AF Stievater, TH Rabinovich, WS Newman, HS Ebel, JL Mahon, R McGee, DJ Goetz, PG TI Microcavity interferometry for MEMS device characterization SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE capacitive switch; optical interference; optical microcavity; RF MEMS ID MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; NOISE; MICROSCOPE; SILICON AB We have developed a high resolution optical technique to measure the electromechanical properties of MEMS microstructures. The technique is applied to microbridges developed for capacitive switching in coplanar radio frequency (RF) waveguides. The thin metal ground plane on the substrate and the bottom of the bridge together form a microcavity for an optical beam. The wavelength of a cavity mode is a sensitive measure of the bridge position relative to the substrate. The technique is applied to the measurement of resonances and damping times of microbridges of varying lengths. It is also used to measure dc changes in bridge height of tenths of nanometers, driven ac displacements of less than a picometer, and bridge displacement noise of hundreds of femtometers per root Hertz. This extreme sensitivity exceeds previously demonstrated optical characterization methods. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Drew Univ, Madison, NJ 07940 USA. RP Stievater, TH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2002.807465 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 651WY UT WOS:000181346200013 ER PT J AU Robertson, LM Balas, MJ AF Robertson, LM Balas, MJ TI Stability analysis of controlled, partially-connected, distributed-parameter systems through perturbation methods SO JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE distributed-parameter systems; perturbation theory; induction methods; control AB A stability result for locally-controlled, interconnected, distributed-parameter systems (DPS) is developed. Using a special perturbation operator, exponential stability is shown to be a function of both the value of the perturbation operator and the characteristics of the interconnected DPS. Proof of the bound is shown using the expansion of the matrix operator and the solution vector through a set of gauge functions. Each expansion term is power matched and individually bound using stationary phase methods. Special consideration is given to interconnected systems of a structural dynamic nature. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Robertson, LM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-3239 J9 J OPTIMIZ THEORY APP JI J. Optim. Theory Appl. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 116 IS 2 BP 379 EP 392 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 646QC UT WOS:000181044900008 ER PT J AU Ross, MD Nordeen, MH Barido, M AF Ross, MD Nordeen, MH Barido, M TI Test-retest reliability of Patrick's hip range of motion test in healthy college-aged men SO JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE faber test; low back pain; sacroiliac joint ID REACH TEST; PAIN; FLEXIBILITY; SIT AB This study determined the test-retest reliability of Patrick's test as a hip range of motion assessment method. Fifty healthy college-aged men (mean age = 20.0 years) were studied during 2 testing sessions separated by 24 hours. A single inexperienced tester performed all the measurements in this study. Before data collection, the tester participated in a 15-minute instructional session on how to perform Patrick's test. To determine the range of motion associated with Patrick's test, the tester passively flexed, abducted, and externally rotated the hip of the lower extremity that was to be tested while subjects were in a supine position, so that the lateral malleolus of the tested lower extremity rested just superior to their opposite extended knee. The vertical distance between a mark on the lateral border of the patella of the tested lower extremity and the treatment table was then measured. The results revealed that Patrick's test demonstrated high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93). The results of this study support the use of Patrick's test as being a reliable measure of general hip motion when used by an inexperienced tester who participated in a 15-minute instructional session on how to perform Patrick's test. C1 Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Med, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA. Colorado Coll Chiropract, Denver, CO 80236 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ross, MD (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Dept Med, Vallejo, CA 94589 USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1064-8011 J9 J STRENGTH COND RES JI J. Strength Cond. Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 156 EP 161 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 649EJ UT WOS:000181193700024 PM 12580671 ER PT J AU Davis, JB Hay, RS Marshall, DB Morgan, PED Sayir, A AF Davis, JB Hay, RS Marshall, DB Morgan, PED Sayir, A TI Influence of interfacial roughness on fiber sliding in oxide composites with La-Monazite Interphases SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISSIMILAR ELASTIC-MATERIALS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CRACK DEFLECTION; ALUMINA; ABRASION; LAPO4; AL2O3; DISLOCATIONS AB Room-temperature debonding and sliding of fibers coated with La-monazite is assessed using a composite with a polycrystalline alumina matrix and fibers of several different single crystal (mullite and sapphire) and directionally solidified eutectic (Al(2)O(3)/Y(3)Al(5)O(12) and Al(2)O(3)-ZrO(2)) compositions. These fibers provide a range of residual stresses and interfacial roughnesses. Sliding occurred over a debond crack at the fiber-coating interface when the sliding displacement and surface roughness were relatively small. At large sliding displacements with relatively rough interfaces, the monazite coatings were deformed extensively by fracture, dislocations, and occasional twinning, whereas the fibers were undamaged. Dense, fine-grained areas (10 nm grain size) resembling recrystallized microstructures were also observed in the most heavily deformed regions of the coatings. Frictional heating during sliding is assessed. Potential mechanisms for forming such microstructures at low temperature are discussed, and a parallel is drawn with the known resistance of monazite to radiation damage. The ability of La-monazite to undergo both debonding and plastic deformation relatively easily at low temperatures may enable its use as a composite interface. C1 Rockwell Sci, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Davis, JB (reprint author), Rockwell Sci, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. NR 64 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 86 IS 2 BP 305 EP 316 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 644JV UT WOS:000180914900016 ER PT J AU Keller, KA Mah, TI Parthasarathy, TA Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P Cinibulk, MK AF Keller, KA Mah, TI Parthasarathy, TA Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P Cinibulk, MK TI Effectiveness of monazite coatings in Oxide/Oxide composites after long-term exposure at high temperature SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; OXIDE COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERFACE; ALUMINA; CARBON; INTERPHASE; STRENGTH; LAPO4; AL2O3 AB The effectiveness of monazite (LaPO4) in providing an oxidation-resistant weak fiber/matrix interface was evaluated in a fiber roving/thin coating/ceramic-matrix composite with >20% fiber volume fraction. Nextel(TM) 610/monazite/alumina composites were fabricated and tensile tested after isothermal exposures of up to 1000 h. Some strength loss was seen after short-term exposures (1100degrees-1200degreesC/5-250 h); however, no further loss was observed after 1000 h at 1200degreesC. Conversely, control samples containing uncoated fiber displayed >70% strength losses after only 5 h at 1200degreesC. Fiber pullout was seen in monazite-containing samples even after 1000 h at 1200degreesC. Debonding was predominantly in the coating or at either the fiber/coating or coating/matrix interface. Push-out testing confirmed the weakness of the monazite coating interface. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Keller, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 39 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 86 IS 2 BP 325 EP 332 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 644JV UT WOS:000180914900018 ER PT J AU Anderson, CM Sorrells, DL Kerby, JD AF Anderson, CM Sorrells, DL Kerby, JD TI Intraabdominal pseudocysts as a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Review ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID PSEUDOCYST; ABDOMINAL COMPLICATIONS; PERITONEAL SHUNTS; CHILDREN; ASCITES C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Surg Res Serv, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Sorrells, DL (reprint author), 2519 Concan St, San Antonio, TX 78251 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 196 IS 2 BP 297 EP 300 AR PII S1072-7515(02)01751-9 DI 10.1016/S1072-7515(02)01751-9 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 646LN UT WOS:000181036700017 PM 12595058 ER PT J AU Davis, MR Ortegon, DP Kerby, JD Ignarro, LJ Kashyap, VS AF Davis, MR Ortegon, DP Kerby, JD Ignarro, LJ Kashyap, VS TI Endothelial dysfunction after arterial thrombosis is ameliorated by L-arginine in combination with thrombolysis SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endothelial function; thrombolysis; thrombosis, experimental ID COMMON CAROTID-ARTERY; NITRIC-OXIDE; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; ORGANIC NITRATES; THERAPY; DISTENSIBILITY; REOCCLUSION; OCCLUSIONS; UROKINASE; MUSCLE AB PURPOSE: To assess endothelial function after arterial thrombosis creation and after administration of a novel thrombolytic regimen in a new porcine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Untreated arteries that had undergone thrombosis for 90 minutes were compared to arteries treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, 4 mg) and a combination of tPA and L-arginine (L-arg; 600 mmol/L). External iliac artery luminal diameter was measured with use of duplex ultrasonography. Endothelial-dependent relaxation (EDR) and endothelial-independent relaxation (EIR) were measured with use of acetylcholine chloride (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (NTP), respectively. Endothelial integrity was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nitric oxide (NO) levels were deter-mined with use of a chemiluminescent assay of its nitrite/nitrate metabolites (NO.). RESULTS: After thrombosis, EDR was decreased (69% +/- 9.5; ACh = 15 mug/min; n = 6). EDR remained unchanged after thrombolysis with tPA despite complete dissolution of thrombus (67% +/- 5.7, ACh 15 mug/min; n = 5). Thrombolysis with use of tPA coupled with L-arg resulted in an increase in EDR (95% +/- 4.9; ACh 15 mug/min; n = 5; P =.007). EIR was preserved in all groups, with uniform response to NTP. SEM analysis revealed intact endothelium in all groups. Local NOx levels were diminished after 90 minutes of thrombosis (49.3 mumol/L vs 40.8 mumol/L; P =.0002), but increased to 55.7 mumol/L after thrombolysis with tPA and L-arg (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Thrombus induces arterial dysfunction acutely without altering endothelial integrity. This dysfunction is ameliorated through regional administration of L-arg in combination with standard thrombolytic therapy, which increases local NO levels. This model allows the in-vivo study of thrombosis and alternative thrombolytic regimens. Regional enhancement of NO levels may prove to be an attractive adjunct in thrombolytic therapy. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Vasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Kashyap, VS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Vasc Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 14 IS 2 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1097/01.RVI.0000058326.82956.b8 PN 1 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 645UL UT WOS:000180997700012 PM 12582192 ER PT J AU Jones, WT Hagino, RT Chiou, AC Decaprio, JD Franklin, KS Kashyap, VS AF Jones, WT Hagino, RT Chiou, AC Decaprio, JD Franklin, KS Kashyap, VS TI Graft patency is not the only clinical predictor of success after exclusion and bypass of popliteal artery aneurysms SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Meeting of the Southern-Association-for-Vascular-Surgery CY JAN 16-19, 2002 CL MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA SP SO Assoc Vasc Surg ID MANAGEMENT; DISEASE AB Purpose: The traditional measure of success after exclusion and bypass of popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) is graft patency. In addition to fate of the bypass, we hypothesize that late outcome after surgical treatment of PAA is influenced by completeness of exclusion. Methods. Thirty patients who underwent 41 reconstructions for PAA over a 10-year period were reviewed. Results: Excluded PAAs were examined with duplex ultrasound scan for size, patency, and patent feeding branches; bypass grafts and native inflow and outflow arteries were examined for patency and size. Thirty-six limbs were available for follow-up (mean follow-up period, 46 +/- 42 months). Only two aneurysms (5.6%) appeared patent on duplex ultrasound scan, but five limbs had patent arterial branches communicating with thrombosed excluded PAAs. PAA diameter decreased from 2.5 +/- 0.8 cm, to 1.7 +/- 0.5 cm (P < .0001) in most. However, 12 excluded PAAs (33%) showed significant enlargement from 2.2 +/- 0.9 cm to 2.8 +/- 1.0 cm (P = .002). A quarter of enlarging excluded PAA were associated with new compressive symptoms. Three methods of PAA exclusion were used: proximal and distal ligation with short segment isolation (type 1), proximal and distal ligation with long segment isolation (type 2), and single ligature (type 3). In univariate analysis, type of exclusion significantly influenced late size of excluded PAA (P = .004). Type 1 exclusion was superior to both type 2 and 3 exclusions in producing aneurysm diameter reduction. Type 3 exclusion resulted in aneurysm growth. In addition, excluded aneurysms with visualized feeding branches were associated with significant growth compared with PAAs without feeding branches (P = .006). Graft primary and assisted primary patency rates at 5 years were 86% +/- 9.4% and 92% +/- 7.4%, respectively. Although graft diameter and native donor artery diameter significantly increased, this did not adversely affect graft patency. Conclusion: Enlargement of excluded PAA after surgical treatment can cause compressive symptoms. Exclusion requires adequate vascular isolation to prevent late PAA enlargement, with proximal and distal arterial ligation best performed adjacent to the aneurysm. Vein graft enlargement occurs, but this enlargement does not adversely influence patency. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Vasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Chiou, AC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, 59th MDW MCSG,2200 Berquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 392 EP 398 DI 10.1067/mva.2003.30 PG 7 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 643ZG UT WOS:000180893000032 PM 12563212 ER PT J AU Garcia, E Horton, DA AF Garcia, E Horton, DA TI Supporting the Federal Emergency Management Agency rescuers: A variation of critical incident stress management SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this article was to document the efforts of two military installations in facilitating Critical Incident Stress Management teams for Federal Emergency Management Agency Rescue and Recovery Units following the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. McGuire Air Force Base accepted the mission to support the rotating task forces with emotional support, and Fort Dix offered temporary lodging while the teams were in-bound and out-bound to the "Ground Zero" site. A team, comprised of staff from both installations due to the configuration of professional and support staffs, does the Critical Incident Stress Management work. Both installations are within commuting distance of New York City and could provide adequate safety, security, and logistics to the teams. The classic crisis management models were not called into play, as that service was not asked for; however, it was clear to the McGuire Air Force Base/Fort Dix Critical Incident Stress Management team members that the rescue and recovery teams needed their physical presence Many rescue organizations have their own "debriefing teams," yet it is believed that "outside teams" may be helpful as interim measures to demonstrate the universality of the process of coping with traumatic stress and grief management. It is hoped that this article honors the workers who came together to help in a very difficult time for our country. This article documents the interim measures that were taken for a group of people moving through crisis. C1 Life Skills Support Ctr, Ambulatory Care Clin, McGuire AFB, NJ 08641 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), 1906 Pig Neck Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 168 IS 2 BP 87 EP 90 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EJ UT WOS:000181422000001 PM 12636132 ER PT J AU Barrett, DH Morris, RD Jackson, WG Michalek, JE AF Barrett, DH Morris, RD Jackson, WG Michalek, JE TI Serum dioxin and psychological functioning in US Air Force veterans of the Vietnam War SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-RANCH-HAND; PATERNAL DIOXIN; HEALTH-STATUS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; HERBICIDES; EXPOSURE AB Using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, we assessed the psychological functioning of U.S. Air Force veterans exposed to Agent Orange and its contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin), during the Vietnam War. Index subjects were veterans of Operation Ranch Hand (N = 1,109). Comparisons (N = 1,493) were U.S. Air Force veterans not involved with spraying herbicides. We found few consistent psychological abnormalities associated with serum dioxin levels. Ranch Hand veterans with higher dioxin levels showed some difficulties in anxiety, somatization, depression, and a, denial of psychological factors. However, those with background levels also showed indications of emotional distress, primarily in emotional numbing and lability; a guarded, suspicious, and withdrawn style of relating to others; and unusual thoughts or behaviors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Barrett, DH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 168 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EJ UT WOS:000181422000016 PM 12636146 ER PT J AU Affleck, BD Swartz, K Brennan, J AF Affleck, BD Swartz, K Brennan, J TI Surgical considerations and controversies in thyroid and parathyroid surgery SO OTOLARYNGOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE; MINIMALLY INVASIVE PARATHYROIDECTOMY; BILATERAL NECK EXPLORATION; TC 99M SESTAMIBI; SERUM-CALCIUM LEVELS; PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HORMONE ASSAY; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; MULTINODULAR GOITER; LOCAL-ANESTHESIA AB The techniques of thyroid surgery have been fully elucidated in several surgical texts and atlases. This article discuss surgical pearls of thyroid and parathyroid surgery. We discuss preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations and controversies for both procedures. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Lakenheath Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, APO, AE 09464 USA. RP Brennan, J (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 59 MDW MCSR,2200 Bergquist Ave,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 166 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0030-6665 J9 OTOLARYNG CLIN N AM JI Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1 BP 159 EP + AR PII S0030-6665(02)00135-4 DI 10.1016/S0030-6665(02)00135-4 PG 30 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 656FC UT WOS:000181597300012 PM 12803015 ER PT J AU Stafford, EM Grady, BA AF Stafford, EM Grady, BA TI Military family support SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN C1 USA, Med Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USAF, Biosci Corps, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Stafford, EM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 110 EP 115 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 642RX UT WOS:000180819200006 PM 12616934 ER PT J AU Javorsek, D Fischbach, E Elmore, D AF Javorsek, D Fischbach, E Elmore, D TI Experimental constraints on strangelets and other exotic nuclear matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; INTERACTING MASSIVE PARTICLES; QUARK MATTER; EXPERIMENTAL LIMITS; DARK MATTER; SEARCH; GOLD AB A reanalysis of data from a recent search for ultraheavy isotopes of gold and iron leads to new constraints on several classes of exotic objects. These include strangelets, MEMOs (metastable exotic multihypernuclear objects), and CHAMPs (charged massive particles) which may have been present in the data, but which could have nonetheless gone undetected due to the design of the original experiment. As a result of the new analysis we are able to greatly enlarge the exclusion regions for exotic particles of mass M and charge Z, and provide limits as low as 10(-11) for small M/Z, and 10(-7) for M/Z up to 120. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Flying Training Wing 80, Sheppard AFB, TX 76311 USA. RP Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM javorsek@hotmail.com; ephraim@physics.purdue.edu; elmore@purdue.edu OI Javorsek, Daniel/0000-0002-0329-4011 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 AR 034015 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.034015 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 653NL UT WOS:000181431400029 ER PT J AU Sinsawat, A Putthanarat, S Magoshi, Y Pachter, R Eby, RK AF Sinsawat, A Putthanarat, S Magoshi, Y Pachter, R Eby, RK TI The crystal modulus of silk (Bombyx mori) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Bombyx mori; stress relaxation; nanofibril ID ELASTIC-MODULUS; NYLON-6 AB It is shown that experimentally determined values of the crystal modulus of Bombyx mori silk agree reasonably well with the computationally determined values, if account is taken of the stress relaxation, which occurs during the experimental measurements. The experimental are 16-22 GPa depending on the sample and the computational are 13 or 16 GPa depending on the method of analysis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. AFRL, MLBP, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. CREST, Natl Inst Sericultural & Entomol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Eby, RK (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB PY 2003 VL 44 IS 3 BP 909 EP 910 AR PII S0032-3861(02)00729-2 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00729-2 PG 2 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 634TV UT WOS:000180357900043 ER PT J AU Ganguli, S Dean, D Jordan, K Price, G Vaia, R AF Ganguli, S Dean, D Jordan, K Price, G Vaia, R TI Mechanical properties of intercalated cyanate ester-layered silicate nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE cyanate esters; nanocomposites; high temperature thermosets AB Cyanate ester resins are among the most important engineering thermosetting polymers and have received attention because of their outstanding physical properties such as low water absorptivity and low outgassing. However, like most thermosets their main drawback is brittleness. Nanocomposites of cyanate esters were prepared by dispersing organically modified layered silicates (OLS) into the resin. Inclusion of only 2.5% by weight of OLS led to a marked improvement in physical and thermal properties (Coefficient of thermal expansion, T-g and effective thermal stability). Most impressively, a 30% increase in both the modulus and toughness was obtained. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Raytheon Elect Syst, Tuscan, AZ USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Mat Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Dean, D (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, 101 Chappie James Ctr, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 12 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB PY 2003 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1315 EP 1319 AR PII S0032-3861(02)00709-7 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00709-7 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 638TA UT WOS:000180585400045 ER PT J AU Sherman, PM Matchette, MW Sanders, TG Parsons, TW AF Sherman, PM Matchette, MW Sanders, TG Parsons, TW TI Acetabular paralabral cyst: an uncommon cause of sciatica SO SKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hip; paralabral cysts; sciatic nerve; MRI ID GIANT SYNOVIAL CYST; GRADED COMPRESSION; GANGLION CYSTS; TIBIAL NERVE; HIP-JOINT; ENTRAPMENT; VEIN AB The association between tears of the acetabular labrum and paralabral cysts has been well documented, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to be the most accurate noninvasive method of depicting not only the normal anatomic structures of the hip, but also the common pathologic processes such as labral tears and paralabral cysts. We present the case of an acetabular paralabral cyst that resulted in clinically symptomatic compression of the sciatic nerve. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Sherman, PM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-2348 J9 SKELETAL RADIOL JI Skeletal Radiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s00256-002-0543-7 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 655WV UT WOS:000181576400007 PM 12589488 ER PT J AU Lane, SA Griffin, S Leo, D AF Lane, SA Griffin, S Leo, D TI Active structural-acoustic control of composite fairings using single-crystal piezoelectric actuators SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK AB This paper investigates active control using single-crystal piezoelectric actuators for reducing the vibration and acoustic loads occurring in payload fairings during launch. These numerical studies imposed reasonable and practical limitations on actuator mass and voltage for the closed-loop control simulations in order to provide a realistic assessment of the control approach. Fully coupled structural-acoustic models were developed with linear quadratic regulator and linear quadratic Gaussian control laws and simulated using realistic disturbance levels. The results are compared to previous studies that used conventional piezoelectric actuators and demonstrate significant improvement. The simulation results indicate that more than 10 dB of reduction in the interior acoustic response can be achieved over the 0-300 Hz bandwidth using full state feedback control. The primary reason for the performance improvement over polycrystalline piezoceramics is the increased strain coefficient, which provides increased control authority. However, performance is significantly reduced by model uncertainty and sensor noise to approximately 3 dB as indicated by linear quadratic Gaussian closed-loop results. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing SVS, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Lane, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 96 EP 104 AR PII S0964-1726(03)55944-4 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/12/1/311 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 676TR UT WOS:000182768900011 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, S Mall, S AF Naboulsi, S Mall, S TI Fretting fatigue crack initiation behavior using process volume approach and finite element analysis SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; contact mechanics; finite element analysis; crack initiation predictions; critical plane approach ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE AB This study investigates crack initiation behavior by incorporating fretting fatigue process volume. Three critical plane based fretting fatigue crack initiation parameters are characterized by computing their averaged values over the process volume and then comparing with their counterparts obtained from the localized approach. Two approaches are used: first one involves the computation of parameter at several points over a rectangular region and then its average, and second approach computes the average state of stress/strain over a radial region from which the averaged parameter is calculated. Both approaches require pre-determination of a critical location at or around which the process volume needs to be placed. Effects of size and location of process volume on the averaged value of parameters are studied in detail. Two radii of cylindrical pad are analyzed to investigate the effect of severity of stress gradient on process volume approach. Effects of finite element mesh refinement are also investigated. Averaged value of parameter decreases with the increase of process volume size. This decrease is higher when the process volume is located in the region that is away from the contact zone. Further, a parameter based on normal stress on the critical plane shows more dependence on the size of process volume than that based on shear stress or on a combination of both shear and normal stresses. Orientation of crack initiation changes within a range that is well within the scatter band of experimental observations as the process volume size increases. Averaged value of parameter for a pad with higher stress gradient has a larger reduction with the increase of process volume size than that with a lower stress gradient. Process volume size has less effect on the averaged value of parameter with coarser finite element mesh. Finally, the localized approach provides a conservative value of fretting fatigue crack initiation parameter compared to its counterpart based on the process volume. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 36 IS 2 BP 121 EP 131 AR PII S0301-679X(02)00139-1 DI 10.1016/S0301-679X(02)00139-1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 632QF UT WOS:000180233800007 ER PT J AU Hutson, A Neslen, C Nicholas, T AF Hutson, A Neslen, C Nicholas, T TI Characterization of fretting fatigue crack initiation processes in CR Ti-6Al-4V SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; Ti-6Al-4V; surface roughness ID BEHAVIOR AB A study was conducted to quantify fretting fatigue damage and to evaluate the residual fatigue strength of specimens subjected to a range of fretting fatigue test conditions. Flat Ti-6Al-4V specimens were tested against flat Ti-6Al-4V fretting pads with blending radii at the edges of contact. Fretting fatigue damage for two combinations of static average clamping stress and applied axial stress was investigated for two percentages of total life. Accumulated damage was characterized using full field surface roughness evaluation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of fretting fatigue on uniaxial fatigue strength was quantified by interrupting fretting fatigue tests, and conducting uniaxial residual fatigue strength tests at R = 0.5 at 300 Hz. Results from the residual fatigue strength tests were correlated with characterization results. While surface roughness measurements, evaluated in terms of asperity height and asperity spacing, reflected changes in the specimen surfaces as a result of fretting fatigue cycling, those changes did not correspond to decreases in residual fatigue strength. Neither means of evaluating surface roughness was able to identify cracks observed during SEM characterization. Residual fatigue strength decreased only in the presence of fretting fatigue cracks with surface lengths of 150 mum or greater, regardless of contact condition or number of applied fretting fatigue cycles. No cracks were observed on specimens tested at the lower stress condition. Threshold stress intensity factors were calculated for cracks identified during SEM characterization. The resulting values were consistent with the threshold identified for naturally initiated cracks that were stress relieved to remove load history effects. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hutson, A (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 36 IS 2 BP 133 EP 143 AR PII S0301-679X(02)00138-X DI 10.1016/S0301-679X(02)00138-X PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 632QF UT WOS:000180233800008 ER PT J AU Ferguson, KH Cespedes, RD AF Ferguson, KH Cespedes, RD TI Prospective long-term results and quality-of-life assessment after Dura-II penile prosthesis placement SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATISFACTION; MULTICENTER; EFFICACY; SAFETY AB Objectives. To evaluate prospectively the long-term device reliability and patient satisfaction after Dura-II malleable penile prosthesis implantation. Methods. Between 1992 and 1996, 94 patients underwent Dura-II implantation for erectile dysfunction. Patients were prospectively examined and completed standardized questionnaires regarding sexual activity, prosthesis function, intercourse satisfaction, and overall quality of life. An independent statistician analyzed these data. Results. The mean patient age was 63 years, and the mean patient follow-up was 5.7 years. Eighty-five patients were available for long-term evaluation. Fourteen patients died during the follow-up period. One patient was lost to follow-up, and eight prostheses (9%) were explanted; however, no mechanical defects were found in the explanted prostheses. Seventy-six percent and 87% of patients reported satisfactory rigidity and ease of concealing the device, respectively. Seventy-six percent of patients remained sexually active during the evaluation period, and 87% of patients reported that the prosthesis improved their overall quality of life. Eighty-five percent would undergo the implant surgery again, and 88% percent of patients would recommend the Dura-II prosthesis to a friend. Conclusions. The Dura-II malleable penile prosthesis provides good rigidity, ability to conceal the device, and mechanical reliability, as demonstrated by the results of this long-term study. Most patients stated they would have the prosthesis placed again and would recommend it to a friend. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD FEB PY 2003 VL 61 IS 2 BP 437 EP 441 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)02270-7 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 648NN UT WOS:000181157600037 PM 12597963 ER PT J AU Christe, KO Gerken, M Haiges, R Schneider, S Schroer, T Tsyba, I Bau, R AF Christe, KO Gerken, M Haiges, R Schneider, S Schroer, T Tsyba, I Bau, R TI The (SO2)(2)N-3(-) anion SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; IONS AB The recently proposed (SO2)(2)N-3(-) anion was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the [Cs][(SO2)(2)N-3] salt (P2(1)/c, a = 8.945(2) Angstrom, b = 10.454(2) Angstrom, c = 8.152(2) Angstrom, beta = 109.166(3)degrees, Z = 4, and R-1 = 0.0329 at 130 K). In the (SO2)(2)N-3(-) anion, both SO2 ligands are coordinated to one terminal nitrogen atom of the N-3(-) anion. C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 27 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 2 BP 416 EP 419 DI 10.1021/ic0259078 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 638WC UT WOS:000180594400023 PM 12693222 ER PT J AU Brown, MS Li, YY Roberts, WL Gord, JR AF Brown, MS Li, YY Roberts, WL Gord, JR TI Analysis of transient-rating signals for reacting-flow applications SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED THERMAL ACOUSTICS; INDUCED ELECTROSTRICTIVE GRATINGS; LASER-INDUCED GRATINGS; GAS-PHASE; VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; HIGH-PRESSURE; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; SINGLE AB Single-shot transient-grating measurements for thermometry in pressurized reacting flows are examined in the context of rapid digital signal processing. Simple approaches are discussed for temperature determination and rejection of unwanted signals in real-time measurement applications. Examples of temperature data in pressurized postflame gases are presented in the form of probability-density functions (PDFs). Three contributions to the PDF half-widths are discussed. Analysis of phase-matching requirements indicates that beam steering as a result of density fluctuations affects the signal amplitude but not the grating period. Therefore, such stochastic beam deviations have little effect on the derived temperatures. Mode noise on the cw probe beam as well as linear light scattering are found to be insignificant in the frequency range of the observed transient-grating acoustic signature. Use of a single-mode laser for the pump beams is shown to enhance the signal intensity. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM msbrown@innssi.com NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 3 BP 566 EP 578 DI 10.1364/AO.42.000566 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 636XV UT WOS:000180483300030 PM 12570278 ER PT J AU Jobanputra, MC Durstock, MF Clarson, SJ AF Jobanputra, MC Durstock, MF Clarson, SJ TI Investigation of plasma polymerized benzene and furan thin films for application in opto-electronic devices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plasma polymerization; light emission; thin films; optics ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); DIODES AB Conjugated polymers are among the most promising organic materials for opto-electronic devices. In such applications, the main fabrication problem is to get uniform, defect-free, and reproducible thin films of these materials. In this investigation, an RF plasma reactor was used to produce cross-linked organic thin films from benzene and furan precursors. Uniform thin films of desired thickness were fabricated using this plasma polymerization technique. The composition of the plasma-polymerized films was determined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the monomers and plasma-polymerized thin films prepared were compared to analyze the chemical structure of the films. Ultra-violet-visible absorption spectroscopy shows a red shift of 45 nm in lambda(max) for the case of plasma-polymerized benzene films and 52 nm in the case of plasma-polymerized furan films when compared to their respective monomer spectra. Photo luminescence spectra of these films show a blue emission with a broad peak at 460 urn for the plasma-polymerized benzene films and 445 nm for the plasma-polymerized furan films. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clarson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 18 PY 2003 VL 87 IS 3 BP 523 EP 528 DI 10.1002/app.11450 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 617UK UT WOS:000179379100024 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Knighton, WB Williams, S Arnold, ST Midey, AJ Dotan, I AF Viggiano, AA Knighton, WB Williams, S Arnold, ST Midey, AJ Dotan, I TI A reexamination of the temperature dependence of the reaction of N+ with O-2 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE selected ion flow tube; high temperature flowing afterglow; rate constant ID ION-MOLECULE REACTION; BRANCHING RATIOS; KINETIC-ENERGY; O+; 300-K; O2+; NO+ AB The rate constants for the reaction of N+ with O-2 have been measured as a function of temperature (200-1400 K) in a selected ion flow tube (SIFT) and high temperature flowing afterglow (HTFA). The datasets agree well with each other and the rate constants exhibit little temperature dependence. This is in contrast to two previous experiments at elevated temperature that reported the rate constant increased with temperature up to 1000 K. A small part of the difference is explained by the absence of a thermal transpiration correction in the original measurements. The new data implies that rotational and translational energy both have little influence on the reactivity. The equivalent nature of the two types of energy is expected from studies on other systems. Vibrational excitation appears to increase the rate constants to near collisional. The branching ratios measured in the SIFT are in good agreement with previous drift tube results and show that rotational and translational energy have little effect on the individual channels. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Open Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 223 IS 1-3 BP 397 EP 402 AR PII S1387-3806(02)00925-9 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(02)00925-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 634WT UT WOS:000180366000036 ER PT J AU Arnold, ST Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Mayhew, CA AF Arnold, ST Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Mayhew, CA TI A temperature-dependent selected ion flow tube study of anions reacting with SF5CF3 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE trifluoromethyl sulfurpentafluoride; SIFT; anion kinetics ID TRIFLUOROMETHYL SULFUR PENTAFLUORIDE; ENERGY-ELECTRON ATTACHMENT; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC IMPLICATIONS; THERMOCHEMISTRY AB Rate constants and product distributions were measured for the reactions of trifluoromethyl sulfurpentafluoride (SF5CF3) with I I anions using two selected ion flow tube instruments. The reaction of O-2(-) was studied from 240 to 500 K and was found to proceed at approximately 30% of the collisional rate, yielding SF5- as the only product ion, presumably via a dissociative electron transfer mechanism. The reaction of OH- proceeds predominantly via nucleophilic attack at the carbon atom, displacing SF5- at approximately 25% of the collisional rate at 298 K. The rate constant exhibits a T-1.8 dependence from 240 to 500 K, suggesting the reaction occurs through a long-lived collision complex. The F- reaction, which proceeds at 70% the collisional rate at 298 K, also occurs via nucleophilic attack at the carbon atom, leading to the SF5- product ion. The O- ion reacts predominately by nucleophilic attack at the carbon atom and also via CF3 radical transfer to O-. The product branching fraction for the O- reaction did not vary with temperature, although the rate constant exhibits a 7(-1.6) dependence, similar to that of the OH- reaction. The ions SF6-, CF3-, NO2-, CO3-, Cl-, NO3-, and SF5- were found to be unreactive toward SF5CF3, despite the fact that sufficiently exothermic reactive channels exist for many of these ions. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Mol Phys Grp, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM susan.arnold@hanscom.af.mil NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 223 IS 1-3 BP 403 EP 409 AR PII S1387-3806(02)00929-6 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(02)00929-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 634WT UT WOS:000180366000037 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, SM Pulikollu, RV Ripberger, E Roy, AK AF Mukhopadhyay, SM Pulikollu, RV Ripberger, E Roy, AK TI Surface modification of graphitic foam SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON AB This article discusses surface-related issues and possible modification approaches in high-porosity graphitic foam. The microcellular solid is made of graphitic carbon walls, ligaments, and beams supporting a network of interconnected pores. This makes the exposed surface area very high and its understanding a necessity for most applications. Graphitic planes are seen to be stacked at various orientations with respect to exposed surfaces. Therefore, a simplified analytical model that assumes "random" graphitic planes forming a three-dimensional array of tetrahedral cells may be an appropriate approximation. The influence of oxidizing chemicals such as nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide on surface properties has been studied using electron microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, and water absorption tests. Bulk properties such as density measurements and mechanical tests have been performed in parallel. It is seen that exposure to nitric acid results in an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, which may lead to increased infiltration of polar matrix fluids such as water and epoxy resins. This possibility is further supported by water absorption studies that show increased water infiltration in foam after nitric acid treatment. Electron microscopy and density studies indicate that some surface etching occurs with concentrated nitric acid exposure, but not significant enough to decrease density. Strength of the stand-alone foam is reduced for concentrated nitric acid treatment, but the elastic modulus is unaffected. The scientific significance of these results in terms of future surface modification of microcellular solids has been discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, SM (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 2 BP 878 EP 882 DI 10.1063/1.1526155 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 630WW UT WOS:000180134200011 ER PT J AU Elhamri, S Saxler, A Mitchel, WC Berney, R Elsass, C Smorchkova, Y Mishra, UK Speck, JS Chowdhury, U Dupuis, RD AF Elhamri, S Saxler, A Mitchel, WC Berney, R Elsass, C Smorchkova, Y Mishra, UK Speck, JS Chowdhury, U Dupuis, RD TI Study of deleterious aging effects in GaN/AlGaN heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CURRENT COLLAPSE; SURFACE-STATES; III-NITRIDES; HIGH-POWER; ELECTRONICS; MOBILITY AB A study of aging effects on the electron transport properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on sapphire and silicon carbide substrates using temperature dependent Hall effect measurements is presented with the focus on the variations in the mobility, carrier concentration, and resistivity of these structures over time. The transport parameters for several of these structures were measured at various times after the initial measurement, including times exceeding one year. These studies show that these parameters are not stable in most of the samples. The most common effects are an increase in carrier concentration and a decrease in mobility. Changes on the order of several tens of percent were common. Since surface oxidation and other variations in surface states were suspected as possible sources of the observed changes, one sample was treated with HCl and KOH and measured again after each treatment. However, we were unable to recover the initial results although further changes in the electrical properties were observed. The study suggests that surface effects can have profound effects on the properties of the two-dimensional electron gas in these heterostructures. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Coll Engn, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Texas, Austin Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Elhamri, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Speck, James/H-5646-2011 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 2 BP 1079 EP 1082 DI 10.1063/1.1529074 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 630WW UT WOS:000180134200043 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO Hunton, DE Viggiano, AA Wey, CC Anderson, BE AF Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO Hunton, DE Viggiano, AA Wey, CC Anderson, BE TI Nitric acid emission from the F100 jet engine SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE nitric acid; nitrous acid; nitrogen dioxide; hydroxyl radical; F100 jet engine; chemical ionization mass spectrometer ID CRUISE ALTITUDE; AIRCRAFT PLUMES; HNO3; COMBUSTION; EVOLUTION; AEROSOL AB [1] A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) from the Air Force Research Laboratory at Hanscom AFB was used to measure levels of HNO3 in the exhaust stream of the F100 jet engine both in a test cell at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) at simulated altitudes 3-17 km and in flight behind F-16 aircraft at 9-11 km altitude. The HNO3 concentrations have been expressed as emission indices (EI) by normalizing to engine-produced CO2 measured by GRC instruments in the test cell and NASA-Langley Research Center instruments in flight. The test cell data showed that EI(HNO3) is independent of fuel sulfur level, and is highly dependent upon altitude for altitudes at which most commercial aircraft fly (below 12 km), mainly because the emission is a strong function of combustor inlet temperature, which is lower at high altitudes. EI(HNO3) at military power was 0.003 g NO2 kg(-1) fuel at low altitude (similar to3 km), and increased to 0.02 g kg(-1) for altitudes above 11 km. Operating the engine at 85% maximum turbine speed increased the figures above by a factor of about 2.5. At engine idle, EI(HNO3) was typically 0.14 g kg(-1). The decrease in EI(HNO3) with combustor inlet temperature is attributed to the temperature dependence of the NO2 + OH reaction producing HNO3. Comparing HNO3 emission indices with those measured at GRC for NO and NOx allowed us to determine the fraction of NO2 which is converted into HNO3 in the combustion process as a function of inlet temperature. Conversion of NO2 to HNO3 is 0.9% at military power for altitudes greater than or equal to11 km, and twice that at 85% maximum turbine speed. The conversion fraction changes dramatically in the 8-11 km altitude range, and is only 0.02% at 3 km altitude, for military power, or 0.2% at 85% maximum turbine speed. At engine idle, this fraction was about 8% at all altitudes. The accuracy of the (average) figures quoted above is +/-25%. The in situ data, obtained on 10 flights during the NASA Subsonic Near-Interaction Field (SNIF) experiment, are much less definitive but are consistent with the test cell results. C1 AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBXT, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Engine Components Div, Army Res Lab, High Speed Syst Off,Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBXT, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM thomas.miller@hanscom.af.mil; john.ballenthin@hanscom.af.mil; donald.hunton@hanscom.af.mil; albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil; chowen.c.wey@grc.nasa.gov; b.e.anderson@larc.nasa.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D1 AR 4032 DI 10.1029/2001JD001522 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 655WZ UT WOS:000181576800004 ER PT J AU Agarwal, G Sowards, LA Naik, RR Stone, MO AF Agarwal, G Sowards, LA Naik, RR Stone, MO TI Dip-pen nanolithography in tapping mode SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; SURFACES; NANOPARTICLES AB Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is becoming a popular nano-patterning technique for depositing materials onto a substrate using the probe of an atomic force microscope (AFM). Here, we demonstrate the deposition of a short synthetic peptide by DPN using the Tapping Mode of AFM rather than the commonly used contact mode. DPN in Tapping Mode requires drive amplitude modifications for deposition, yet allows for gentle imaging of the deposited material and enables deposition on soft surfaces. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stone, MO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Agarwal, Gunjan/E-2616-2011 NR 28 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 2 BP 580 EP 583 DI 10.1021/ja020471g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 633YE UT WOS:000180311800052 PM 12517174 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Uchic, MD AF Senkov, ON Uchic, MD TI Microstructure evolution during annealing of an amorphous TiAl sheet SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE physical vapor deposition; differential thermal analysis; X-ray diffraction; amorphous materials; titanium aluminide; phase transformations ID NANOCRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE; SELF-DIFFUSION; GRAIN-SIZE; TITANIUM; ALLOYS; CRYSTALLIZATION; STABILITY; TI3AL AB An amorphous, 150 mum thick freestanding sheet of a TiAl-based alloy was produced by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The following phase transformations were observed after different stages of crystallization of the amorphous sheet and analyzed using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy: amorphous-->body centered cubic (beta) --> hexagonal close-packed (alpha)?--> tetragonal (gamma) + ordered alpha(2). The beta phase was formed as near-spherical particles that were evenly distributed in the amorphous phase and the size of these particles was approximately 90 nm. Formation of the a phase by decomposition of a and the remaining amorphous phases led to a very fine feathery-like microstructure arranged in colonies of approximately 100 nm in size. Interface boundaries between the a phase particles were poorly defined. The transformation of the metastable alpha phase into a mixture of the gamma and alpha(2) phases led to formation of an equiaxed gamma-grain structure with the grain size of approximately 150 nm. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 22 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 340 IS 1-2 BP 216 EP 224 AR PII S0921-5093(02)00189-2 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00189-2 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 615TC UT WOS:000179261900024 ER PT J AU Shi, W Ding, YJ Fernelius, N Vodopyanov, K AF Shi, W Ding, YJ Fernelius, N Vodopyanov, K TI Efficient, tunable, and coherent 0.18-5.27-THz source based on GaSe crystal (vol 27, pg 1454, 2002) SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Blue Leaf Networks, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 2 BP 136 EP 136 DI 10.1364/OL.28.000136 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 636BA UT WOS:000180433600024 ER PT J AU Ruderman, GA Stewart, DS Yoh, JJI AF Ruderman, GA Stewart, DS Yoh, JJI TI A thermomechanical model for energetic materials with phase transformations SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE combustion; phase transformations; energetic materials ID FIELD AB A model is developed to describe energetic materials with phase transformations from solid to liquid to gas with an exothermic chemical reaction. The model uses a phase variable and a reaction progress variable as thermodynamically independent state variables. A configurational force balance is used to derive an evolution law for the phase variable. The evolution equation for the reaction progress variable is posed as a basic law. In various limits the material is a classical elastic solid, a Newtonian viscous liquid, and a compressible gas. The model is examined in relation to classical equilibrium thermodynamics in a quasi-static limit. The model formulation is specialized to simple motions which are analyzed in a companion paper. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ruderman, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 63 IS 2 BP 510 EP 537 AR PII S0036139901390258 PG 28 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 639QJ UT WOS:000180640500006 ER PT J AU Yoh, JJI Stewart, DS Ruderman, GA AF Yoh, JJI Stewart, DS Ruderman, GA TI A thermomechanical model for energetic materials with phase transformations: Analysis of simple motions SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE combustion; phase transformations; energetic materials ID OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE; DECOMPOSITION; HMX AB This paper examines the behavior of a thermomechanical model for energetic materials posed in the companion paper and specifically analyzes three simple motions: (i) constant volume evolution, (ii) one-dimensional, time-dependent longitudinal compression (expansion), and (iii) time-dependent shear. The model describes phase transitions from solid to liquid to gas and exothermic chemical reaction. Thermal and mechanical properties are matched to the explosive HMX in order to illustrate representative dynamics and transitions. Constant volume thermal explosion, shock melting, and shear localization are demonstrated. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93542 USA. RP Yoh, JJI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 63 IS 2 BP 538 EP 563 AR PII S003613990139026X PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 639QJ UT WOS:000180640500007 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Johnson, WE Grant, JT Eyink, K Johnson, EM Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ AF Jiang, H Johnson, WE Grant, JT Eyink, K Johnson, EM Tomlin, DW Bunning, TJ TI Plasma polymerized multi-layered photonic films SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RF PLASMAS; THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; CRYSTALS AB A multilayer optical interference film has been developed using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of different organic precursor materials. A relatively large refractive index contrast for polymers (> 0.2) is achieved by sequential plasma polymerization (PP) of octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB) and benzene. Gas-phase molecules of both precursors, excited by an argon plasma in a flowing afterglow reaction chamber, are deposited on a variety of substrates to form dense, pinhole-free, cross-linked polymer films. The PP-OFCB film yields a refractive index of 1.40, whereas PP-benzene exhibits a refractive index of 1.61 at 500 nm. We report here on the chemical (FTIR and XPS), optical (variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and UV-Vis spectrometry), and morphological (scanning electron microscopy) characterization of individually polymerized films of each component. These data are used to design a multilayer film with a notch at similar to1 mum. A ten-bilayer stack (alternating high and low refractive index) was fabricated by sequential deposition of high and low refractive index layers at approximately 1/4lambda optical thickness. Optical spectra of the experimental stack exhibit a notch wavelength within several nanometers of the design wavelength indicating good thickness control. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Co, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 14 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 340 EP 347 DI 10.1021/cm0206542 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 634XP UT WOS:000180368000051 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, A Groves, KM Basu, S Kuenzler, H Valladares, CE Sheehan, R AF Bhattacharyya, A Groves, KM Basu, S Kuenzler, H Valladares, CE Sheehan, R TI L-band scintillation activity and space-time structure of low-latitude UHF scintillations SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE equatorial; ionosphere; scintillations ID F-REGION IRREGULARITIES; GHZ SCINTILLATIONS; EQUATORIAL REGION; MULTIFREQUENCY; VELOCITY; SYSTEM; DRIFTS; VHF AB [1] Spatial correlation function of intensity scintillation patterns produced by the propagation of a UHF signal through irregularities in the nighttime low-latitude ionosphere is deduced from an analysis of spaced receiver records of such scintillations. This analysis requires that random temporal variations of the irregularity drift speed be taken into account. It is seen from the results that the occurrence of strong scintillations on an L-band signal requires the presence of short (similar to20 m) coherence scale lengths in the UHF scintillation pattern obtained in the plane of the receiver. This condition is satisfied near the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region, but not near the dip equator. In the decay phase of L-band scintillations recorded near the crest of the EIA region, the maximum strength of these scintillations at any point in time is found to be correlated with the magnetic eastward drift speed of the pattern of intensity scintillations on an UHF signal recorded in this region, which is determined mainly by the magnetic eastward drift velocity of the ionospheric irregularites. Dependence of the corresponding strength of UHF scintillations on the drift speed indicates that toward the end of the decay phase of L-band scintillations, the irregularity power spectrum steepens, and the large scale irregularities that remain can cause the UHF signal to be focused in the plane of the receiver, yielding UHF S-4-indices greater than one, while focusing of the UHF signal is less evident at earlier times when there is focusing of the L-band signal. C1 Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate AFRL VSBI, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, A (reprint author), Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 AR 1004 DI 10.1029/2002RS002711 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 655TK UT WOS:000181568600001 ER PT J AU Guner, A Temple, MA Claypoole, RL AF Guner, A Temple, MA Claypoole, RL TI Direct-path filtering of DAB waveform from PCL receiver target channel SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Signal space projection techniques are introduced to filter the direct-path signal component from the passive coherent location (PCL) receiver target channel. Filter performance is characterised using ambiguity function analysis of the digital audio broadcast (DAB) waveform, considered here as a PCL waveform of opportunity. For ideal DAB phase reference synchronisation, the direct-path component is perfectly eliminated. For non-ideal phase synchronisation, the direct-path component is sufficiently attenuated to permit target detection; approximately 22 dB of direct-path signal attenuation is demonstrated. C1 191st Cobra Tact Squadron, Balikesir, Turkey. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guner, A (reprint author), 191st Cobra Tact Squadron, 9th Main Jet Base, Balikesir, Turkey. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 118 EP 119 DI 10.1049/el:20030028 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 653XA UT WOS:000181461300078 ER PT J AU Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Moen, J Ober, DM Scudder, JD Sigwarth, JB Siscoe, GL Sonnerup, BUO White, WW Siebert, KD Weimer, DR Erickson, GM Frank, LA Lester, M Peterson, WK Russell, CT Wilson, GR Egeland, A AF Maynard, NC Burke, WJ Moen, J Ober, DM Scudder, JD Sigwarth, JB Siscoe, GL Sonnerup, BUO White, WW Siebert, KD Weimer, DR Erickson, GM Frank, LA Lester, M Peterson, WK Russell, CT Wilson, GR Egeland, A TI Responses of the open-closed field line boundary in the evening sector to IMF changes: A source mechanism for Sun-aligned arcs SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE aurora; magnetosphere; magnetotail; magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; Sun-aligned arcs; magnetohydrodynamic simulations ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; POLAR-CAP ARCS; MAGNETOTAIL RECONNECTION RATE; THETA-AURORA; PLASMA SHEET; IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION; MAGNETOSPHERIC SASH; TRANSPOLAR ARCS; MODEL; DYNAMICS AB Simultaneous measurements from the Polar satellite and by ground-based optical sensors suggest that brief variations of the poleward auroral boundary on the nightside correlate with changes in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) about an hour after a structure has propagated in the solar wind past the Earth. Short-lived Sun-aligned arcs may emerge along the open-closed magnetic field line boundary (OCB) and then disappear after similar to10 min. The arcs are fueled by energetic particles whose spectral characteristics are similar to those of the of boundary plasma sheet (BPS). Polar measurements confirm that these auroral protrusions into the polar cap occur on nearly isolated closed magnetic flux. Optical emissions from these arcs appear strongest at their intersection with the poleward boundary of the auroral oval. Detailed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of dayside interactions, when the dominant IMF component BY changes sign, indicate that near the polarity reversal merging can occur between interplanetary field line segments within the magnetosheath [Maynard et al., 2001b]. Newly formed loops of interplanetary flux sweep past the Earth without interacting with the magnetosphere. Here, we consider some consequences within the distant magnetotail as the loops of disconnected flux propagate to X(GSM) approximate to -200 R(E). The MHD simulations indicate that about an hour after intra-IMF merging events fingers of closed field lines protrude from the OCB into the polar cap. Like the observed Sun-aligned arc, these simulated auroral features grow and decay on scales of 10 min and have ionospheric footprints that are nearly surrounded by open magnetic flux. The simulated auroral fingers are conjugate to high-pressure channels in the distant plasma sheet. We suggest that the short-lived Sun-aligned arcs are created via an interchange process similar to that proposed by Kan and Burke [1985] to explain one class of theta auroral forms. The continuity of magnetotail currents across a high-pressure channel requires the development of field-aligned currents carried by obliquely propagating Alfven waves. Plasma drifts associated with the dusk-to-dawn electric fields of the Alfven waves are away from the Earth in the magnetotail and poleward in the nightside ionosphere. The correlation of phenomena at the nightside OCB with variations in the IMF indicate that processes other than substorms can influence boundary dynamics. Effects of self-interactions of the IMF within the dayside magnetosheath may be felt along the OCB as much as 1 hour later. C1 Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02543 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Maynard, NC (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, 589 W Hollis St,Suite 201, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. EM nmaynard@mrcnh.com; sonnerup@dartmouth.edu RI Scudder, Jack/D-8417-2013; Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009 OI Scudder, Jack/0000-0001-7975-5630; Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096 NR 70 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 9 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A1 AR 1006 DI 10.1029/2001JA000174 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 655QC UT WOS:000181563100001 ER PT J AU Davis, SR Nguyen, KA Lammertsma, K Mattern, DL Walker, JE AF Davis, SR Nguyen, KA Lammertsma, K Mattern, DL Walker, JE TI Ab initio study of the thermal isomerization of tricyclo[3.1.0.0(2,6)]hexane to (Z,Z)-1,3-cyclohexadiene through the (E,Z)-1,3-cyclohexadiene intermediate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DEGENERATE PERTURBATION-THEORY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; BASIS SETS; THERMOCHEMISTRY; BENZVALENE; BUTADIENE; ENERGIES AB The isomerization of tricyclo[3.1.0.0(2,6)]hexane to 1,3-cyclohexadiene was studied using ab initio calculations at the multiconfiguration and single-configuration levels of theory. Single-point energy calculations were also performed using the MCQDPT2 and CCSD(T) methods. The isomerization process was found to proceed through an (E,Z)-1,3-cyclohexadiene intermediate following a concerted, asynchronous pathway characterized as a conrotatory ring opening of the bicyclobutane moiety. The second step involves rotation about the trans double bond resulting in the (Z,Z)-1,3-cyclohexadiene product. The rate determining step is the first one, with an activation barrier of about 43 kcal mol(-1). The activation barrier of the second step was found to be only 3 kcal mol(-1). A second concerted pathway was found leading directly to (ZZ)-1,3-cyclohexadiene but with an activation barrier of 54 kcal mol(-1). A multiconfiguration based wave function is necessary to properly describe the potential energy surface of the reaction. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mfg Directorate AFRL MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Chem De Boelelaan, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Davis, SR (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 9 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 1 BP 198 EP 203 DI 10.1021/jp027188o PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 632ZL UT WOS:000180254700026 ER PT J AU Schwartz, M Peebles, LR Berry, RJ Marshall, P AF Schwartz, M Peebles, LR Berry, RJ Marshall, P TI A computational study of chlorofluoro-methyl radicals SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; HALON THERMOCHEMISTRY; C-H; ENTHALPIES; KINETICS; FLUOROMETHANES; HEATS; HYDROFLUOROCARBONS; HYDROGEN AB Chorine- and fluorine-containing methyl radicals have been investigated by ab initio methods. Geometries and vibrational frequencies were derived with quadratic configuration methods at the QCISD/6-311G(d,p) level of theory, and energies via QCISD(T)/6-311+G(3df,2p) and Gaussian 3 theory. Anharmonicity of the out of plane bending mode was taken into account by numerical integration of the Schrodinger equation with a potential derived from a relaxed scan of this mode. The results are in good accord with experimental data where available. For the radicals CHF2, CF3, CH2Cl, CHCl2, and CCl3, we compute Delta(f)H(298)(0) values of -241.2, -465.9, 117.0, 91.1, and 72.2 kJ mol(-1), respectively, which agree with well-established experimental values to within 2.2 kJ mol(-1). For the more poorly characterized molecules CH2F, CHClF, CClF2, and CCl2F we compute Delta(f)H(298)(0) values of -29.0, -63.8, -274.7, and -94.3 kJ mol(-1), respectively, with recommended confidence limits of +/-4.1 kJ mol(-1). (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schwartz, M (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 2 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1063/1.1524157 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 627RY UT WOS:000179949700011 ER PT J AU Schultz, GE White, ED Ducklow, HW AF Schultz, GE White, ED Ducklow, HW TI Bacterioplankton dynamics in the York River estuary: primary influence of temperature and freshwater inputs SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterioplankton; estuary; environmental controls; spatial patterns; temporal patterns ID LIVING BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; ST-LAWRENCE ESTUARY; MICROBIAL FOOD-WEB; ORGANIC-CARBON; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GROWTH-RATE; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIOPLANKTON; PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS; SALINITY GRADIENT; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS AB Bacterial community dynamics were investigated over seasonal and basin scales within the York River estuary, Virginia. Variables describing bacterioplankton dynamics were measured at 6 stations spanning the entire salinity gradient (0 to ca. 20 psu over 60 km). Samples were collected monthly from June 1996 through May 1997 and every other month from June 1997 through May 1998. Bacterial abundance and production were high throughout the estuary. Bacterial abundance ranged from 4.4 x 10(8) to 1.3 x 10(10) cells l(-1). Incorporation of (3)H-thymidine ranged from 10 to 863 pmol(-1) h(-1) while (3)H-leucine incorporation rates ranged from 25 to 1963 pmol l(-1) h(-1). A strong relationship between bacterial properties and temperature was found with clear seasonal trends. On a basin scale, bacterial properties were strongly related to changes in salinity, suggesting that freshwater inputs and estuarine circulation controlled the distribution of bacterial abundance and activity in the river. Although there was a great deal of variability from month to month, 2 opposing trends were consistently found: bacterial abundance increased from freshwater to the mouth of the river, while incorporation rates decreased from freshwater to the mouth. These patterns imply a strong landward gradient in specific growth rates, and thus a close match between production and removal near the freshwater endmember and throughout the estuary. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Schultz, GE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, 5007 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM schultzg@tamug.tamu.edu NR 56 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PD JAN 7 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 BP 135 EP 148 DI 10.3354/ame030135 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 638NV UT WOS:000180577900004 ER PT J AU Peterson, D Woodall, DR AF Peterson, D Woodall, DR TI Edge-choosability in line-perfect multigraphs (vol 202, pg 191, 1999) SO DISCRETE MATHEMATICS LA English DT Correction DE edge choosability; list chromatic index; chromatic index; edge coloring; list-coloring conjecture; perfect graph; perfect line graph; line-perfect multigraph AB A multigraph is line perfect if its line graph is perfect. In (Discrete Math, 202 (1999) 191) we claimed that if every edge e of a line-perfect multigraph G is given a list containing at least as many colors as there are edges in a largest edge-clique containing e, then G can be edge-colored from its lists. This note corrects a mistake in our proof (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, HQ USAFA, DFMS, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Nottingham, Sch Math Sci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Peterson, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, HQ USAFA, DFMS, 2354 Fairchild Cr,Suite 6D2A, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-365X J9 DISCRETE MATH JI Discret. Math. PD JAN 6 PY 2003 VL 260 IS 1-3 BP 323 EP 326 AR PII S0012-365X(02)00676-3 DI 10.1016/S0012-365X(02)00676-3 PG 4 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 634YT UT WOS:000180370600033 ER PT J AU Vahala, L Vahala, G Yepez, J AF Vahala, L Vahala, G Yepez, J TI Lattice Boltzmann and quantum lattice gas representations of one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE MHD turbulence; lattice Boltzmann; quantum lattice gas; quantum computer ID UNITARY CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; MECHANICS; EQUATION; MODEL; DYNAMICS AB A simplified one-dimensional (1D) magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is solved using a lattice Boltzmann and a quantum lattice gas model. It is shown that the magnetic field decreases the strength of the velocity shock fronts, with marked spikes in the magnetic field strength that gradually broaden in time. There is very good agreement between the lattice Boltzmann model-a representation of non-linear systems that circumvent the non-local non-linear advection by simple local non-linearities within the collision operator-and the quantum lattice gas-an algorithm that is unconditionally stable and appropriate for a hybrid quantum-classical computer. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Vahala, G (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 6 PY 2003 VL 306 IS 4 BP 227 EP 234 AR PII S0375-9601(02)01599-2 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(02)01599-2 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 636RZ UT WOS:000180471800005 ER PT S AU Mitra, AK AF Mitra, AK GP IEEE IEEE TI Position-adaptive UAV radar for low-altitude sensing applications SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB A new bistatic radar concept is presented. This concept is based on signal differential path length analysis for purposes of isolating regions where targets are potentially obscured and difficult to detect via conventional techniques. Although this concept shows promise as a new area for radar research, an approximate set of initial calculations for a sample scenario are presented in an effort to introduce this concept and initiate research in this area. Avenues for future research with the aim of developing a general theory that describes this approach to isolating and detecting targets in obscured regions is presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45429 USA. RP Mitra, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45429 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 613 EP 623 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700058 ER PT S AU Steyskal, H Schindler, JK AF Steyskal, H Schindler, JK GP IEEE IEEE TI Separable space-time pattern synthesis for the TechSat21 space-based radar system SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB The TechSat21 space-based radar employs a cluster of free-floating satellites, each of which transmits its own orthogonal signal and receives all reflected signals. The satellites operate coherently at X-band. The cluster forms essentially a multi-element interferometer with a concomitant large number of grating lobes and significant ground clutter. A novel technique for pattern synthesis in angle-frequency space with thinned arrays, combined with reduced order space-time processing, was presented by us at the 2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference, along with some preliminary results. We now give a full evaluation of this technique and its effectiveness in clutter suppression.(1) C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Steyskal, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 955 EP 960 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700095 ER PT S AU Slivinsky, S McWhorter, M Samson, J Bartone, CG Schofield, R AF Slivinsky, S McWhorter, M Samson, J Bartone, CG Schofield, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Demonstration of the ballistic missile range safety technology (BMRST) mobile GPS-based system for the QRLV-2 launch SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB The purpose of the Ballistic Missile Range Safety Technology (BMRST) program is to develop and demonstrate a mobile launch range tracking and command destruct system based upon the Global Positioning System (GPS) that can provide range safety functions for military and commercial launch vehicles. The BMRST System consists of an on-board flight unit that provides precise navigation information using GPS and inertial sensors. This on-board data is telemetered via an S-Band data link, which is received by two mobile tracking antenna sub-systems and passed to the BMRST Mobile Operations Center (MOC). These data are processed in the MOC and displayed so that decisions can be made about the continued flight of the vehicle. When necessary the command destruct system can be activated to terminate the mission. As part of the development of this system extensive testing has been conducted, culminating in the successful tracking and command of the Quick Response Launch Vehicle (QRLV)-2 launch from Kodiak, AK in April 2002. This paper describes the BMRST System and its performance for the QRLV-2 demonstration effort. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Slivinsky, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 971 EP 985 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700097 ER PT S AU Matson, LE Mollenhauer, D AF Matson, LE Mollenhauer, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Advanced materials and processes for large, lightweight, space-based mirrors SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB The use of monolithic glass to produce large, rigid segmented members for lightweight space-based mirror systems has reached its limit due to the long lead times, high processing costs, and launch load/weight requirements. New material solutions and manufacturing processes are required to meet the Air Force's directed energy weapons, reconnaissance/surveillance, and secured communication needs. Mirror structural substrates made out of advanced composite materials (metal, ceramic, and polymer), foams, or microsphere arrays should allow for CTE and modulus tailorability, low-density, and high strength, stiffness, and toughness. Due to the multi-phase complexities of these new systems, mechanical polishing to visual specifications for figure and surface finish roughness requirements will be difficult. New methods of replication and sol-gel or polymer spinning will be required to produce the required optical finishes. In this paper selected material and process solutions will be discussed.(1) C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Matson, LE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL ML, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 1681 EP 1697 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700172 ER PT S AU Slivinsky, S Nixon, R AF Slivinsky, S Nixon, R GP IEEE IEEE TI A GPS-based range tracking unit (GITU-GPS/INS tracking unit) development and deployment SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB GPS range tracking has been a subject of great interest in the past couple of years. It offers the ability to move away from radar-based tracking while vastly improving the system knowledge of launch vehicle position and velocity. It also presents many challenges; a few of these are in the areas of GPS antenna configuration, Space Vehicle (SV) visibility, dynamic tracking limits and acquisition time. While many of these issues are very real, others are a matter of perception. Our goal has been to provide an on-board system that will satisfy all the requirements of a range tracking mission. This on-board system is based on the H-764 aircraft navigation system that has been missionized for the range safety application. This system offers high reliability and excellent performance as a production level unit. It also offers a combination GPS/INS system that takes advantage of the strengths of each sensor to answer the many questions that fall on a standalone GPS or INS system. This paper will address the development, deployment and performance of this unique system architecture referred to as the GPS/INS Tracking Unit (GITU). C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSE B, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Slivinsky, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSE B, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 1943 EP 1956 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700196 ER PT S AU Malas, JA Pasala, KM Westerkamp, JJ AF Malas, JA Pasala, KM Westerkamp, JJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Automatic target recognition of slow moving ground targets using STAP SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB A new approach is proposed which will allow air-to-ground target identification of slow moving vehicles in clutter. A wideband space-time adaptive (STAP) filter for clutter suppression is developed which preserves the target amplitude integrity of returns from multiple range bins within the automatic target recognition (ATR) high range resolution (HRR) approach. The wideband STAP processor utilizes narrowband STAP principles to generate a series of adaptive sub-band filters. The performance of this new approach is demonstrated and quantified through the implementation of a one dimensional template-based minimum mean squared error classifier. Successful minimum velocity identification (ID) is defined in terms of probability of correct ID, probability of false ID of an unknown target, and probability of declaration. The performance of the wideband STAP/ATR algorithm is characterized for various degrees of freedom (DOF). C1 Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Engn Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Malas, JA (reprint author), Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Engn Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 2021 EP 2036 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700202 ER PT S AU Gordon, C AF Gordon, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Applications of mixed signal SOC technologies to air force missions SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB The Air Force Research Laboratory sees significant benefits in exploiting mixed technology system on chip in numerous areas of space mission data processing, and is moving towards developing technology for system integration on several fronts. Further technologies are being sought that could contribute to these objectives. On board a satellite, data processing requirements form a pyramidal hierarchy. At the broad base of the pyramid, there is a range of simple control functions required in many places in a satellite. hi the middle, there are more complex instrument control and some limited instrument data processing. At the top of the pyramid is the most complex mission data processing. Mixed technologies and systems on single chips can be applied on all levels, although the technologies tend to be applied differently at the various levels. At all levels, the benefits of mixed technology and system on a chip are considerable, and include lower cost, lower power, higher reliability, and increased capabilities. There are number of approaches and technology opportunities being investigated to realize these benefits and address the challenges. Currently, the Air Force Research Laboratory is developing a single-chip microcontroller with numerous integrated functions useful for low- to medium-level instrument control. AFRL is also investigating the development of a single chip GPS receiver. At the highest levels, AFRL envisions high-performance processing nodes integrating embedded CPUs, RAMs, and reconfigurable FPGA blocks. The full paper will comment on possible future development strategies and consider how technology advances and limitations will affect on-board processing architectures. More than any other technology area, mixed signal and system-on-chip advancements could determine what new things future space systems are able to do, and how efficiently they do it. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Gordon, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 2411 EP 2414 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700238 ER PT S AU Van Beusekom, CJ Lisowski, R Fulton, JM Morand, C AF Van Beusekom, CJ Lisowski, R Fulton, JM Morand, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Three-axes attitude determination and control system design for low-cost micro-satellites SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB FalconSat-3 is a 25 kg microsatellite being designed and built by cadets at the USAF Academy as part of on-going scientific research sponsored by the Department of Defense. The biggest design challenge for this mission is the requirement for onboard 3-axis attitude determination and control (ADCS), a capability earlier USAFA-built satellites lacked. The added challenge is to develop such a system as part of a low-cost, undergraduate satellite program. This paper begins with a brief overview of the Academy satellite program. Specific ADCS requirements for the FalconSAT-3 mission are then presented, followed by a detailed discussion of the preliminary system design. This paper then focuses on the FalconSAT-3 method of attitude determination. Attitude conventions, satellite attitude motion, and extended Kalman filtering are presented in a format ideal for readers desiring an introduction to designing micro-satellite attitude determination. The paper concludes with preliminary simulation results, a discussion of the current program status, and a description of future work. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. RP Van Beusekom, CJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, 2354 Fac Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 2615 EP 2628 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700260 ER PT S AU Hague, N Siegenthaler, E Rothman, J AF Hague, N Siegenthaler, E Rothman, J GP IEEE IEEE TI Enabling responsive space: F-15 Microsatellite launch vehicle SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB The Air Force Research Laboratory's investment in revolutionary microsatellite (<225lb/100 kg) technologies has made it possible to consider space missions that provide true military utility. Unfortunately, there exists no method of employing these systems in a manner responsive to failure or crisis. This paper explores a microsatellite launch vehicle (MSLV) design, which can enable responsive space capability. Through the conceptual design of a 3-stage F-15 launched MSLV, concept feasibility is established based on current technology. Then, a test program is detailed to validate integrated aircraft/MSLV performance providing preliminary results and flight clearance analysis. Finally, through the application of advanced propulsion, guidance and navigation, and materials technologies, future MSLV capabilities are extracted to assess near-term microsatellite mission capabilities and cost. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hague, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 2703 EP 2708 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700268 ER PT S AU Bolender, MA Doman, DB AF Bolender, MA Doman, DB GP IEEE IEEE TI A method for the determination of the attainable moment set for nonlinear control effectors SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink ID CONTROL ALLOCATION AB A method for generating the attainable moment set for a class of multiple non-linear control effectors is presented. The Jacobian Rank Deficiency Criteria from Swept Volume Theory is used to determine a set of control effector positions that in turn determine a set of candidate surfaces that comprise the boundary of the attainable moment set. The first order necessary conditions are derived for a point to be on the boundary. An algorithm is given where the Kuhn-Tucker points for a given point in the pitch-roll plane are constructed for each control effector configuration that forms a candidate boundary. The Kuhn-Tucker points are then checked for feasibility, and the points on the boundary are those that produce extremal values of the objective function. This method is computationally efficient, despite the fact that a large set of points is searched. The method is efficient because the evaluation of the Kuhn-Tucker points is straightforward and less computationally intensive than those methods which require an exhaustive search over every point on each candidate surface. C1 Control Theory & Optimizat Branch, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bolender, MA (reprint author), Control Theory & Optimizat Branch, Air Force Res Lab, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 2773 EP 2781 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700275 ER PT S AU Phister, PW Drager, SL Plonisch, IG AF Phister, PW Drager, SL Plonisch, IG GP IEEE IEEE TI EP communications: The next revolutionary step in global communications SO 2003 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 08-15, 2003 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Aerosp Corp, Analog Interfaces, AstroExpo com, Caltech, JPL, Circle Mt Co, Gandalf Associates, LLC, GEB Software Technologies, Missile Defense Agcy, NASA, Panasonic, SpectrumAstro, Superior Solut, TechLink AB Throughout time, humankind has always moved towards more optimal methods of communications. Since the late 1800s, the age of Radio Frequency (RF) has dominated the medium in which we have communicated. Over the past 50-plus years, the RF spectral band has become increasingly overcrowded. The time is right for investigating the next step in the evolution of global communications. One possible evolutionary step in communications is Entangled-Pair (EP) communications. This paper discusses the significant advantages an EP communications system would have over today's RF and Optical communications architectures. A theoretical background regarding the entangled-pair phenomena, along with the current state-of-the-art in EP communications, is presented. This paper makes a leap ahead in time (i.e., assumes an operational EP communications system) to compare and contrast what a fully functional EP communications system could provide. A summary of the required EP technologies and their current Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) is provided, along with a Science and Technology roadmap. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Phister, PW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 26 Electron Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-7651-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2003 BP 3021 EP 3026 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BX65K UT WOS:000185997700300 ER PT B AU Clabaugh, DJ Temple, MA Raines, RA Canadeo, CM AF Clabaugh, DJ Temple, MA Raines, RA Canadeo, CM GP IEEE TI UWB multiple access performance using Time Hopped Pulse Position Modulation with Biorthogonal signaling SO 2003 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ULTRA WIDEBAND SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Ultra-Wideband Systems and Technologies CY NOV 16-19, 2003 CL RESTON, VA SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, VA Tech Mobile & Portable Radio Res Grp, IEEE No Va Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, Intel AB This paper extends previous UWB multiple access (MA) performance characterization by combining pseudorandomly coded, Time Hopped Pulse Position Modulation (TH-PPM) with 4-Ary Biorthogonal communication signaling, referred to here as TH-BPPM MA signaling. Communication performance for the hybrid TH-BPPM technique is first validated for a single user operating over an AWGN channel. Single user results are then extended and MA performance characterized for both synchronous and asynchronous networks containing up to 15 users. In both cases, the proposed 4-Ary TH-BPPM technique with Gold coding achieves nearly identical performance as previously demonstrated MA methods employing binary TH-PPM. A key benefit afforded by the 4-Ary TH-BPPM technique, given fixed average power and symbol length constraints, is a doubling of the effective data rate while achieving identical bit error rate performance. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clabaugh, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8187-4 PY 2003 BP 330 EP 333 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY30U UT WOS:000188866600066 ER PT B AU Ewing, RL Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS AF Ewing, RL Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS BE Titsworth, FM TI Paradigm of design for biosystem-on-a-chip(BioSoC) SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC SYSTEMS EDUCATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education CY JUN 01-02, 2003 CL AHAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TC Design Automat, IEEE Comp Soc, TC Test Technol, IEEE Comp Soc, TC VLSI AB The paradigm of design for biosystem-on-a-chip (BioSoC), is that multidisciplinary skills are required. Thus, the educational goals are to develop an understanding of micro/macro collaboration along with the ability to apply and use multidisciplinary skills for the design and performance evaluation of a "biosystem on a chip". The need for the architectural design of the BioSoC addresses the next-generation of intelligent information processing systems. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn,Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ewing, RL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn,Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1973-3 PY 2003 BP 154 EP 155 DI 10.1109/MSE.2003.1205295 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW86Y UT WOS:000183433900068 ER PT S AU Pack, DJ Mullins, BE AF Pack, DJ Mullins, BE GP IEEE IEEE TI A portable micro controller-based HTTP tunnelling activity detection system SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 03) CY OCT 05-08, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE HyperText Transfer Protocol; backdoors; tunnelling; information security; fuzzy logic; microcontroller; portable system AB In this paper we present a portable fuzzy-logic based intrusion detection system that makes use of behavior profiles and signature matching techniques to detect HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) tunnelling activities. The HTTP tunnelling is defined as techniques to use the HTTP protocol to encapsulate illegal and harmful messages within HTTP data. The portable system, whose function is governed by a Motorola 68HC12 microcontroller, is designed to detect both malicious and unauthorized HTTP tunnelling activities: (1) interactive tunnelling sessions, (2) scripted tunnelling sessions, and (3) unauthorized video and audio stream sessions. Preliminary experimental data show the validity of the proposed system. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pack, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-7952-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2003 BP 1544 EP 1549 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BX83D UT WOS:000186578600251 ER PT S AU Gunsch, GH Raines, RA Lacey, TH AF Gunsch, GH Raines, RA Lacey, TH GP IEEE IEEE TI Integrating CDX into the graduate program SO 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, VOLS 1-5, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 03) CY OCT 05-08, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE, Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc DE computer security; network security; computer defense; cyberdefense; Cyber Defense Exercise AB The Air Force Institute of Technology competed for the first time in the all-service Cyber Defense Exercise this year. To do so required a restructuring of the existing specialty track in information systems security/assurance, in order to align with the exercise schedule and maintain an appropriate graduate-level emphasis. In addition, the school was able to enroll, for the first time ever, senior enlisted members of the Air Force and Marine Corps who contributed a wealth of tactical, practical, knowledge and experience in deploying information systems under less than ideal conditions. The merits of these factors were borne out by the school's success on its maiden effort. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gunsch, GH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 0-7803-7952-7 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2003 BP 4306 EP 4310 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BX83D UT WOS:000186578600700 ER PT S AU Willis, SM Roh, WB AF Willis, SM Roh, WB GP IEEE IEEE TI Beam-phasing properties of optical fiber as phase conjugate mirror SO 2003 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Willis, SM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7888-1 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2003 BP 105 EP 106 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BY23D UT WOS:000188359700052 ER PT S AU Baek, SH Crookston, MB Roh, WB AF Baek, SH Crookston, MB Roh, WB GP IEEE IEEE TI Single-mode operation of a multi-mode fiber Raman laser SO 2003 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-FIBER; CLEANUP C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, SH (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7888-1 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2003 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BY23D UT WOS:000188359700055 ER PT S AU Kaspi, R Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML Chavez, JR Gianardi, DM AF Kaspi, R Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML Chavez, JR Gianardi, DM GP IEEE IEEE TI High performance optically-pumped type-II antimonide lasers SO 2003 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, DELS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7888-1 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2003 BP 272 EP 273 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BY23D UT WOS:000188359700138 ER PT S AU Blickenstaff, SB Nelson, TR Sarangan, AM AF Blickenstaff, SB Nelson, TR Sarangan, AM GP IEEE IEEE TI Techniques for shadow mask deposition of non-planar dielectric layers SO 2003 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society CY OCT 27-30, 2003 CL TUCSON, AZ SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID LITHOGRAPHY; MICROLENSES C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blickenstaff, SB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7888-1 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2003 BP 700 EP 701 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BY23D UT WOS:000188359700353 ER PT S AU Reid, JR Starman, LA Webster, RT AF Reid, JR Starman, LA Webster, RT BE Thal, H TI RF actuation of capacitive MEMS switches SO 2003 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY JUN 08-13, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE MTT S AB An analytical calculation of microwave actuation for shunt capacitive MEMS switches is presented. This calculation shows that the microwave signal deflects the beam according to the RMS voltage of the signal. In addition, heating of the beam due to dissipated microwave power is shown to play a significant role in microwave actuation. C1 USAF, Antenna Technol Branch, Res Lib, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Reid, JR (reprint author), USAF, Antenna Technol Branch, Res Lib, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-7695-1 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 2003 BP 1919 EP 1922 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX04J UT WOS:000184045100500 ER PT B AU Brungart, DS Kordik, AJ Eades, CS Simpson, BD AF Brungart, DS Kordik, AJ Eades, CS Simpson, BD GP IEEE TI The effect of microphone placement on localization accuracy with electronic pass-through earplugs SO 2003 IEEE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF SIGNAL PROCESSING TO AUDIO AND ACOUSTICS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics CY OCT 19-23, 2003 CL New Platz, NY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID AUDITORY LOCALIZATION AB Many audio applications make use of electronic pass-through listening devices that intercept the signals entering a listener's ears and electronically process them in real time. An important issue in designing such devices is ensuring that they maintain the listener's natural ability to localize sound sources. Previous research suggests that optimal localization requires a completely-in-the-canal (CIC) design with a system bandwidth of at least 13 kHz. However, most practical designs have to make engineering compromises in terms of bandwidth and/or microphone placement that cause some degradation in localization performance. This paper compares open-ear localization to localization with seven different pass-through devices: five custom-molded earplugs with different microphone configurations; a CIC hearing aid; and an electronic earmuff. The results show that earplugs interfere substantially less with localization than earmuffs, but that the frequency response has a larger impact on performance than does physical configuration in earplug systems that are bandlimited to frequencies below 6 kHz. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7850-4 PY 2003 BP 149 EP 152 DI 10.1109/ASPAA.2003.1285853 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BY71V UT WOS:000189446400059 ER PT B AU Rangaswamy, M AF Rangaswamy, M GP IEEE TI An overview of space-time adaptive processing for radar SO 2003 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Radar CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP CSSIP, IEEE, S Australia Sect ID COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; VECTOR SUBSPACE DETECTION; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; DETECTION ALGORITHM; HETEROGENEOUS CLUTTER; MATCHED-FILTER; STAP TESTS; DETECTORS; MATRIX AB This paper provides a survey of space-time adaptive processing for radar target detection. Specifically, early work on adaptive array processing from the point of view of maximum signal-to-noise-ratio and minimum mean squared error perspectives are briefly reviewed for motivation. The sample matrix inversion method of Reed, Mallet and Brennan is discussed with attention devoted to its convergence properties. Variants of this approach such as the Kelly GLRT, adaptive matched filter and ACE tests are considered. Extensions to handle the case of non-Gaussian clutter statistics are presented. Current challenges of limited training data support, computational cost, and severely heterogeneous clutter backgrounds are outlined. Implementation and performance issues pertaining to reduced rank and model-based parametric approaches are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Rangaswamy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7870-9 PY 2003 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2003.1278708 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY60J UT WOS:000189418900008 ER PT B AU Kurian, J Temple, MA Papaphotis, MJ Brown, WA AF Kurian, J Temple, MA Papaphotis, MJ Brown, WA GP IEEE TI Mutually dispersive pulse coding to enhance non-linear ambiguity suppression SO 2003 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADAR LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Radar CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP CSSIP, IEEE, S Australia Sect AB Results from design, synthesis, and analysis of optimal mutually dispersive symbols are presented as an improvement over existing symbol sets employed in Non-linear Ambiguity Suppression (NLAS). A recently proposed theorem formulates the existence of symbol families having optimal mutual dispersion, a highly desirable property for NLAS applications. Results from theorem analysis are presented and compared to other suitable NLAS symbol sets, showing significant improvement in mutual dispersion characteristics. NLAS ambiguity suppression effectiveness is demonstrated using a set of optimal mutually dispersive symbols. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7870-9 PY 2003 BP 694 EP 699 DI 10.1109/RADAR.2003.1278827 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY60J UT WOS:000189418900126 ER PT B AU Boatz, JA Gordon, MS Hammes-Schiffer, S Pachter, R AF Boatz, JA Gordon, MS Hammes-Schiffer, S Pachter, R GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI New materials design SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; ZINC-COMPLEXES; GAS-PHASE; PORPHYRIN; PHTHALOCYANINE; EXCITATIONS AB In this paper we report our recent results on the design of materials with controlled properties by the application of computational chemistry methods, new algorithms and scalable software. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Boatz, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253365 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300002 ER PT B AU Cartwright, KL Bowers, LA Greenwood, AD Fichtl, CA Haworth, MD Kozak, M Mardahl, PJ Murphy, T Peterkin, RE Schulz, AE Swift, RD Luginsland, JW Watrous, JJ AF Cartwright, KL Bowers, LA Greenwood, AD Fichtl, CA Haworth, MD Kozak, M Mardahl, PJ Murphy, T Peterkin, RE Schulz, AE Swift, RD Luginsland, JW Watrous, JJ GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Virtual prototyping of directed energy weapons SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB This paper gives an overview of how RF systems, from pulsed power to antennas, can be virtually prototyped with the ICEPIC (Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell) code. ICEPIC simulates from first principles (Maxwell's equations and Lorenz's force law) the electrodynamics and charged particle dynamics of the RF-producing part of the system. Our simulations focus on gigawatt-class sources; the relativistic magnetron is shown as an example. Such simulations require enormous computational resources. These simulations successfully expose undesirable features of these sources and help its to suggest improvements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cartwright, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253378 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300011 ER PT B AU Mardahl, P Greenwood, A Murphy, T Cartwright, K AF Mardahl, P Greenwood, A Murphy, T Cartwright, K GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Parallel performance characteristics of ICEPIC SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB Fast, efficient results from the ICEPIC (Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle In Cell) code are key to the Air Force Research Laboratory's efforts to design high power microwave sources for electronic warfare and non-lethal weaponry. Parallelization of ICEPIC allows the use of DoD supercomputer assets to perform device simulations which would previously have been impossible, and also to obtain these results quickly, with little waste of expensive CPU resources. We explain the parallel design and implementation of ICEPIC. Its parallel PIC loop exploits the possibility of computing and communicating between CPUs concurrently, reducing the waste and overhead inherent to parallel computing. ICEPIC's static and dynamic load balancing features ensure that computation is divided evenly among the CPUs, a necessary condition for efficient operation. We show scalability results from both test simulations and actual device simulations, illustrating the effectiveness of ICEPIC's parallel design and implementation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Mardahl, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253379 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300012 ER PT B AU Morton, SA Steenman, M Cummings, RM Forsythe, JR Wurtzler, KE Squires, KD Woodson, SH Spalart, PR AF Morton, SA Steenman, M Cummings, RM Forsythe, JR Wurtzler, KE Squires, KD Woodson, SH Spalart, PR GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Multidisciplinary applications of detached-eddy simulation to separated flows at high reynolds numbers SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB This work focuses on multidisciplinary applications of Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES), principally flight mechanics and aeroelasticity. Specifically, the lateral instability (known as abrupt wing stall) of the pre-production F/A-18E is reproduced using DES, including the unsteady shock motion. The presence of low frequency pressure oscillations due to shock motion in the current simulations and the experiments motivated a full aircraft calculation, which showed low frequency high-magnitude rolling moments that could be a significant contributor to the abrupt wing stall phenomenon. DES is also applied to the F-18 high angle of attack research vehicle (HARV) at a moderate angle of attack to reproduce the vortex breakdown leading to vertical stabilizer buffet. Unsteady tail loads are compared to flight test data. This work lays the foundation for future deforming grid calculations to reproduce the aero-elastic tail buffet seen in flight test. Solution based grid adaption is used on unstructured grids in both cases to improve the resolution in the separated region. Previous DoD Challenge work has demonstrated the unique ability of the DES turbulence treatment to accurately and efficiently predict flows with massive separation at flight Reynolds numbers. DES calculations have been performed using the Cobalt code and on unstructured grids, an approach that can deal with complete configurations with very few compromises. A broad range of flows has been examined in previous Challenge work, including aircraft forebodies, airfoil sections, a missile afterbody, vortex breakdown on a delta wing, and the F-16 and F-15E at high angles-of-attack. All DES predictions exhibited a moderate to significant improvement over results obtained using traditional Reynolds-averaged models and often excellent agreement with experimental/flight-test data. DES combines the efficiency of a Reynolds-averaged turbulence model near the wall with the fidelity of Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) in separated regions. Since it uses Large-Eddy Simulation in the separated regions, it is capable of predicting the unsteady motions associated with separated flows. The development and demonstration of improved methods for the prediction of flight mechanics and aeroelasticity in this Challenge is expected to reduce the acquisition cost of future military aircraft. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Morton, SA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253383 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300016 ER PT B AU Martel, JD AF Martel, JD GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Applied computational fluid dynamics (ACFD) in support of aircraft-store compatibility and weapons integration SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB The Air Force SEEK EAGLE Office (AFSEO) at Eglin Air Force Base (AFB), FL, performs test and evaluation for aircraft/stores compatibility certification. The AFSEO uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in support of the aircraft and store certification process. The AFSEO performs engineering analyses, develops flight test profiles, and directs real-time flight tests in support of the aircraft and store certification process. AFSEO engineering analyses areas include carriage loads, store separations, flutter, ballistics, stability & control, and electromagnetic. Each of these engineering disciplines, with the exception of electromagnetic, is dependent on aerodynamic data to drive simulation tools. AFSEO uses these analytical tools to analyze the carriage and employment of stores from both advanced fighter and bomber aircraft. CFD is an effective tool that provides high fidelity aerodynamic data and is also used to supplement store trajectory prediction analyses. The AFSEO has developed a capability that utilizes CFD to provide high-fidelity aerodynamics in support of the store certification process. By supplementing inexpensive lower order methods and costly, sub-scale testing, CFD has been used to reduce the certification costs, increase flight test safely margins, and develop more confidence in the numerical predictions that lead to the determination of flight test requirements. CFD has been used within the AFSEO to calculate aircraft/store carriage loads, predict store separation characteristics, and to visualize the flow field phenomena of complex aircraft and weapon configurations. This paper discusses the AFSEO CFD activities as they were applied to specific aircraft/store certification projects. C1 USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Martel, JD (reprint author), USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, 46 SK-SKE, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM john.martel@eglin.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300018 ER PT B AU Madden, TJ Miller, JH AF Madden, TJ Miller, JH GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Aspects of chemical laser simulation SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program ID JET C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Madden, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 220 EP 227 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253396 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300028 ER PT B AU MacGillivray, J Peterkin, RE Burke, DA Frese, MH Frese, S Neri, J Schumer, JWF AF MacGillivray, J Peterkin, RE Burke, DA Frese, MH Frese, S Neri, J Schumer, JWF GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI MACH3: A CHSSI code for computational magnetohydrodynamics of general materials in generalized coordinates SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB We were funded via the Common HPC Software Support Initiative (CHSSI) from 2000-2002 to develop a fully 3-D arbitrary-coordinate parallel time-domain magnetohydrodynamic (MHMD) simulation code-the CEA-10 project. CEA-10 built upon the single-fluid MHD, arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian multi-block, multitemperature, simulation environment called mAcH3 (Multiblock Arbitrary Coordinate Hydromagnetics in 3D). The CEA-10 software underwent successful beta testing and review in December 2002. The beta tests consisted offive simulations: 1-D magnetic diffusion, 2D A ftenic shock, 2-D flow over a wedge, 3-D gas-filled rod pinch, and 3-D laser-target interactions, run on various HPC platforms. The first three have analytic solutions and last two have experimental data and qualitative models to which simulated results can be compared We obtained different scaled qfficiency and parallel speedup results on different platforms and for different test problems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP MacGillivray, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253397 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300029 ER PT B AU Ebrahimi, HB AF Ebrahimi, HB GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Numerical investigation of multi-tube pulse detonation SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program ID ENGINE AB The flow-field interaction among detonation tubes sharing a common nozzle in a multi-tube pulsed detonation engine is explored. The evaluations are based on a two-dimensional analysis of first-pulse operation and use a viscous, eight-species, finite-rate, transient flow-field model. Configurations involving single, dual, and triple tubes are considered in both short- and long-tube versions. The common nozzle provides a path through which the detonation from one tube causes a pressure spike in adjacent tubes. Previous studies indicate that the strength of this spike can vary by a factor of five depending on the nozzle throat area and inter-tube geometry. The present study indicates that the flow-field interaction among three tubes is approximately a factor of three smaller than the interaction between two tubes, and that increased tube length does not have a significant effect. The results serve as an important precursor to understanding appropriate propellant fill procedures and shock wave propagation in multi-tube simulations. C1 Sverdrup Technol Inc, AEDC, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Ebrahimi, HB (reprint author), Sverdrup Technol Inc, AEDC, Arnold AFB, TN USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253398 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300030 ER PT B AU Melville, R Gordnier, R Visbal, M AF Melville, R Gordnier, R Visbal, M GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI High fidelity physics of fluids and structures for future unmanned air vehicles SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB As the use of UAVs brings new concepts of air operations, it also brings new critical science issues that need to be identified, studied and understood. This paper reports on a Challenge Project whose focus is to apply AFRL computational technologies in support of future UAV requirements. A unique, fully nonlinear fluid-structure interaction simulation is documented for a delta wing of moderate sweep that represents the critical physics of future UCAV systems. State-of-the-art LES techniques were used to study natural transition on airfoils because of its criticality for performance of long endurance UAVs. Finally, a systematic study of vortex structures at low Reynolds number was completed to support the conceptual development of micro-UAVs. The second year of this Challenge grant has brought significant contributions to the study of nonlinear, coupled fluid/structures dynamics for future UAV systems. C1 USAF, VA, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Melville, R (reprint author), USAF, VA, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253401 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300033 ER PT B AU Lefevre, RJ Ruggiero, FH Roe, K AF Lefevre, RJ Ruggiero, FH Roe, K GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Impacts of numerical weather prediction spatial resolution on an atmospheric decision aid for directed energy weapon systems SO 2003 USERS GROUP CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Users Group 2003 Conference CY JUN 09-13, 2003 CL Bellevue, WA SP Dept Defense High Performance Comp Modernizat Program AB The Airborne Laser (ABL) is being developed as one element of our nation's Ballistic Missile Defense System. The ABL Element Office is developing an Atmospheric Decision Aid (ADA) to diagnose and forecast the location and magnitude of optical turbulence in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Development of the ADA relies on an understanding about the strengths and weaknesses of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, plus the sensitivity of the optical turbulence algorithms to the NWP spatial and temporal resolution. This case study compared the accuracy and precision of the ADA optical turbulence algorithms to several horizontal and vertical NWP resolutions. Results indicate that for a given vertical resolution using a finer horizontal resolution does not significantly improve the accuracy of the forecast, but for a given horizontal resolution increasing the vertical resolution does improve the forecast accuracy. C1 USAF, SPO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lefevre, RJ (reprint author), USAF, SPO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM randy.lefevre@kirtland.af.mil; frank.ruggiero@hanscom.af.mil; kevin.roe@mhpcc.hpc.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1953-9 PY 2003 BP 270 EP 274 DI 10.1109/DODUGC.2003.1253402 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BY55Y UT WOS:000189408300034 ER PT S AU Duncan, TS Sichler, MS AF Duncan, TS Sichler, MS BE Titsworth, F TI High bandwidth scientific data management using storage area networking: Lessons learned at the starfire optical range SO 20TH IEEE/11TH NASA GODDARD CONFERENCE ON MASS STORAGE AND TECHNOLOGIES (MSST 2003), PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON MASS STORAGE SYSTEMS - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technology/11th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technology CY APR 07-10, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Mass Storage Syst Tech omm, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr AB Advances in sensor technology, electronic devices, digital processing hardware, and computation systems have vastly increased the volume of data available for collection at scientific research sites. The Starfire Optical Range of the Air Force Research Laboratory Directed Energy Directorate is responsible for the research and development of advanced techniques for atmospheric compensation for large telescopes. Recent experiments have been completed which encompassed more that 100TB of collected data. The collection, processing, archival, and analysis of these data required an entirely new approach for the facility staff. This paper presents the architecture, hardware and software components, integration difficulties, and performance results in a "lessons learned" format focused on specific implementation choices, interoperability lessons and issues, and results and capabilities. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Duncan, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1051-9173 BN 0-7695-1914-8 J9 IEEE S MASS STOR SYS PY 2003 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1109/MASS.2003.1194846 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BW72H UT WOS:000182973500017 ER PT S AU Buchanan, DJ John, R Zawada, LP AF Buchanan, DJ John, R Zawada, LP BE Kriven, WM Lin, HT TI Creep rupture behavior of +/- 45 degrees oxide/oxide Nextel(TM)720/AS composite SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL COCOA BEACH CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics Composites CY JAN 26-31, 2003 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID OXIDE CERAMIC COMPOSITE AB Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) are currently being demonstrated in high-temperature aerospace applications where their beneficial resistance to oxidation are critical to a successful design. Many applications are engine components that are axis-symmetric in shape and are subjected to axis-symmetric thermal and mechanical loadings. Traditional woven CMC materials used in these components are typically made from 0degrees/90degrees fiber architectures. In many cases the highest loads are not always coincident with the orientation of the reinforcing fibers. Hence, these components could produce stress states that approach-the off-axis tensile and creep strengths. The CMC investigated was Nextel(TM)720/AS. Nextel(TM)720/AS is composed of an Alumina-Silica matrix reinforced with an eight-harness satin weave (8HSW) of Nextel(TM)720 fibers. Tensile and creeps tests on +/-45degrees Nextel(TM)720/AS were performed to characterize the off-axis material behavior. All elevated temperature tests were performed at 1100degreesC. The data show that the ultimate strength and the 100 hour creep strength ratio of 450 to 0degrees/90degrees are 0.6 and 0.3, respectively. The creep rupture behavior of the +/-45degrees orientation was compared to the 0degrees/90degrees orientation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buchanan, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 451 EP 458 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BY46E UT WOS:000189318400065 ER PT S AU LaRochelle, KJ Mall, S AF LaRochelle, KJ Mall, S BE Kriven, WM Lin, HT TI Temperature and moisture effects upon stress rupture life of SYL-iBN/BN/SiC composite SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL COCOA BEACH CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES: B SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Cocoa Beach Conference on Advanced Ceramics Composites CY JAN 26-31, 2003 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES; AIR; OXIDATION AB Stress rupture strength of SYL-iBN/BN/SiC composite was evaluated at 550 and 750degreesC with 0, 20, and 60% moisture content (MC). No embrittlement of fiber/matrix interphase was observed at 550degreesC and 750degreesC with 0% MC. At 550degreesC, 20% and 60% MC, evidence of embrittlement increased with test duration. Extensive embrittlement was observed in the 750degreesC, 20% and 60% MC cases. Rupture strengths for the duration of at least 100 hr for 0%, 20%, and 60% MC at 550degreesC were 75%, 65% and 51% and at 750degreesC were 67%, 51%, and 49% of the room temperature monotonic tensile strength. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP LaRochelle, KJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 459 EP 464 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BY46E UT WOS:000189318400066 ER PT B AU Boyd, BF Weems, JW Roeder, WP Pinder, CS McNamara, TM AF Boyd, BF Weems, JW Roeder, WP Pinder, CS McNamara, TM GP AMS TI Use of weather radar to support America's space program - Past, present, and future SO 31ST CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Conference on Radar Meteorology CY AUG 06-12, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Boyd, BF (reprint author), 45 WS SYA,1201 Edward H White 2 St,MS 7302, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 815 EP 818 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BAT17 UT WOS:000223421300236 ER PT B AU Curtis, JW AF Curtis, JW GP IEEE IEEE TI CLF-based nonlinear control with polytopic input constraints SO 42ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 09-12, 2003 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, SIAM, Control Syst Soc, SICE, Informs, Honeywell Lab, Natl Instruments, XEROX, MathWorks ID STABILIZATION AB This paper presents a practical method for generating high-performance control laws which are guaranteed to be stabilizing in the presence of known input constraints. We address the class of smooth non-linear systems which axe affine in the control with non-smooth (rectangular or polytopic) actuator constraints and a known control Lyapunov function. We present a result which uses a complete state-dependent description of the stabilizing control value set to generate, point-wise, the set of input values which contains all the (Lyapunov) stabilizing control values that simultaneously obey the input constraints. The vertex enumeration algorithm is then used to derive a complete parameterization of this set, and a nonlinear program is employed to select a high-performance control from this feasible and stabilizing control set for an illustrative example. C1 USAF, Armament Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Curtis, JW (reprint author), USAF, Armament Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7924-1 PY 2003 BP 2228 EP 2233 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BY66S UT WOS:000189434100383 ER PT B AU Decker, MD AF Decker, MD GP IEEE IEEE TI Establishment of decision factors in support of cooperative wide area search and engagement SO 42ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 09-12, 2003 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, SIAM, Control Syst Soc, SICE, Informs, Honeywell Lab, Natl Instruments, XEROX, MathWorks AB Wide area search and attack using Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles (UCAV) or autonomous munitions is considered. In order to build towards a multi-vehicle cooperative behavior scheme, task benefits for search and engagement need to be established. This paper uses applied probability theory to formulate and solve for the probability of success in search and engagement. Average longevities for the munition and target are also available using this formulation. Both the single target/multiple false target and multiple target/multiple false target scenarios are considered for a single warhead munition/UCAV. Multi-warhead extensions are then introduced. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Decker, MD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7924-1 PY 2003 BP 3555 EP 3560 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BY66S UT WOS:000189434100611 ER PT B AU Lacy, SL Bernstein, DS Erwin, RS AF Lacy, SL Bernstein, DS Erwin, RS GP IEEE IEEE TI Finite-horizon input selection for system identification SO 42ND IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control CY DEC 09-12, 2003 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, SIAM, Control Syst Soc, SICE, Informs, Honeywell Lab, Natl Instruments, XEROX, MathWorks ID PERTURBATION SIGNALS; DESIGN AB The accuracy of an identified model depends on the choice of input signal. Persistency of excitation is a necessary criterion for such signals. In this paper we develop additional criteria for input signal selection, in particular, the input at each time step is chosen to minimize the predicted variance of the system estimate at the next time step. We extend the method to the finite-horizon input selection problem and demonstrate the method in simulation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM seth.lacy@kirtland.af.mil; dsbaero@umich.edu; richard.erwin@kirtland.af.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7924-1 PY 2003 BP 6485 EP 6490 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BY66S UT WOS:000189434101117 ER PT S AU Clay, C Croop, H Camden, M AF Clay, C Croop, H Camden, M BE Wilson, A TI TPS and hot structures for RLV/SOV SO 4TH EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON HOT STRUCTURES AND THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR SPACE VEHICLES SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Workshop on Hot Structures and Thermal Protection Systems for Space Vehicles CY NOV 26-29, 2002 CL PALERMO, ITALY SP European Space Agcy, Italian Space Agcy AB The United States Air Force and in full cooperation and collaboration with NASA, the National Aeronautical and Space Administration, is actively pursuing the technology for a space operations vehicle. This vehicle is intended to provide assured access-to-space. Key technologies to enable this access are hot structures and thermal protection systems. Each of these technologies will be discussed in the paper. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clay, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-831-X J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2003 VL 521 BP 73 EP 77 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BW95V UT WOS:000183763500009 ER PT S AU Paduano, QS Drehman, AJ Weyburne, DW Kozlowski, J Serafinczuk, J Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z AF Paduano, QS Drehman, AJ Weyburne, DW Kozlowski, J Serafinczuk, J Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z BE Stutzmann, M TI X-ray characterization of high quality AlN epitaxial layers: effect of growth condition on layer structural properties SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTORS (ICNS-5), PROCEEDINGS SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-5) CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL NARA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Promot Sci, 162nd Comm Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Photon & Elect Devices, Japan Assoc Crystal Growth, Elect Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GAN FILMS; SAPPHIRE; DIFFRACTOMETRY; NITRIDATION AB AlN layers were deposited directly on (0001) sapphire by a MOCVD two-step pressure process. The best (0002) and (10 (1) over bar2) rocking curves had FWHM values of similar to360 arcsec and similar to580 arcsec respectively. A detailed X-ray diffraction study was carried out to investigate the effect of growth condition on the layer structural properties. In-plane twist was estimated from the FWHM values of both omega-scans and phi-scans as functions of inclination angle, using the quasi-symmetrical reflection from a group of lattice planes with inclination angle ranging from 0 to 75degrees. The range of twist spread was found to be sensitive to the substrate nitridation condition. The lowest spread angle obtained with optimized nitridation was similar to770 arcsec. As expected, the edge-type threading dislocation density estimated from twist spreading was found to correlate well with the dislocation density measured by TEM. The tilt spreading was found to be sensitive to the growth pressure. By reducing growth pressure to 40 Tort, we obtained layers with tilt spreading less than 120 arcsec. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM qing.sun-paduano@hanscom.af.mil RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-VCH, INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1862-6351 BN 3-527-40489-9 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2003 VL 0 IS 7 BP 2014 EP 2018 DI 10.1002/pssc.200303251 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BY53E UT WOS:000189401700008 ER PT S AU Ryu, MY Chitwood, EA Claunch, EN Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Fellows, JA Steiner, T AF Ryu, MY Chitwood, EA Claunch, EN Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Fellows, JA Steiner, T BE Stutzmann, M TI Annealing studies of Si-implanted Al0.25Ga0.75N SO 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTORS (ICNS-5), PROCEEDINGS SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-5) CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL NARA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Promot Sci, 162nd Comm Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Photon & Elect Devices, Japan Assoc Crystal Growth, Elect Soc ID AL-MOLE FRACTION; GAN; ACTIVATION; ALXGA1-XN AB Electrical and optical activation studies of Si-implanted Al0.25Ga0.75N grown on sapphire substrate have been made as a function of ion dose and anneal temperature. Silicon implantation was done at room temperature with doses of 1 x 10(14) and 1 x 10(15) cm(-2) at 200 keV. The samples were proximity cap annealed from 1200 to 1350 degreesC with a 500-Angstrom-thick AlN cap in a nitrogen environment. The electrical activation efficiencies of 65 and 87% were obtained for the Al0.25Ga0.75N sample implanted with doses of 1 x 10(14) and 1 x 10(15) cm(-2), respectively and annealed at 1350 degreesC for 2 min. The activation efficiency and mobility increase with anneal temperature, indicating an improved implantation damage recovery. The highest mobility obtained from the Si-implanted Al0.25Ga0.75N was 50 cm(2)/Vs for a dose of 1 x 10(15) cm(-2). The increase of photoluminescence intensities of band-edge luminescence and a broad green band was observed as the anneal temperature increases from 1200 to 1350 degreesC, indicating an excellent implantation damage recovery with increasing anneal temperature. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Yung.Yeo@afit.edu NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-VCH, INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1862-6351 BN 3-527-40489-9 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2003 VL 0 IS 7 BP 2593 EP 2596 DI 10.1002/pssc.200303528 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BY53E UT WOS:000189401700145 ER PT B AU Lawton, JH AF Lawton, JH BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Schewe, KD Atlam, E TI Opportunism in planning agents SO 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XII, PROCEEDINGS: INFORMATION SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS: II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE opportunism; planning agents; multi-agent systems AB In this paper we present agent opportunism - the ability of agents to take advantage of unexpected changes to further their goals. In particular, we are interested in how planning agents can behave opportunistically. We discuss the key concepts behind both single- and multi-agent opportunism. We also present an approach to multi-agent opportunism for planning agents that leverages existing well-known single-agent opportunism capabilities with an approximate decision theoretic approach. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM lawton@ai.rl.af.mil NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-01-9 PY 2003 BP 496 EP 501 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BY50U UT WOS:000189395000090 ER PT B AU Layne, JR Eilders, M AF Layne, JR Eilders, M BE Callaos, N Kharatishvili, G Lu, ZM He, Y Klovsky, D TI A fuzzy dynamic model based prediction and search algorithm for UAV's SO 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XV, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATION, CONTROL, SIGNAL AND OPTICS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE prediction; search; motion models; hospitability map; fuzzy dynamic systems; state estimation AB The following problem is considered. An air vehicle detects a mobile target using its own sensor(s), but delays attack. While the target is initially detected, the air vehicle takes several looks at the target, thus producing the target's state estimates. Some time later (on the order of minutes), the same or another air vehicle views the target area again. ne target is not detected on the second set of looks. We assume that it has moved. Since the target has moved away, where should we look for it? This is a prediction and search problem. Systems such as this containing uncertainty are traditionally analyzed with probabilistic methods as was done in [1]. However, for non-linear, non-Gaussian systems solutions can sometimes be very difficult to obtain. The focus of this work is to determine if in such cases fuzzy dynamic system models may provide an alternative approach that more easily leads us to a good solution. In this paper, we present a fuzzy predictor and search algorithm whose system model is a fuzzy dynamic system. C1 AFRL, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Layne, JR (reprint author), AFRL, SNAT, 2185 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-01-9 PY 2003 BP 5 EP 10 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY51C UT WOS:000189396400002 ER PT B AU Neuroth, RM Nelson, DE AF Neuroth, RM Nelson, DE BE Callaos, N Kharatishvili, G Lu, ZM He, Y Klovsky, D TI Rough set classifier noise and registration sensitivity study SO 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XV, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATION, CONTROL, SIGNAL AND OPTICS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE ATR; automatic target recognition; rough sets; signal registration; noise AB A new method for performing classification of one-dimensional signals based upon rough set theory has recently been introduced. In this paper we explore and try to quantify the sensitivity to registration as well as the effects of noise. We also tried an experiment to improve classifier performance. The original development segmented the available data into a training set consisting of 25% of the data (randomly selected) and used the rest of the data for testing. The new method used 25% of the data to train the classifier (as in the original development), 25% to determine performance (evaluation set), and 50% used for testing. We thought that this data segmentation technique should result in more accurate performance numbers and thus increase the accuracy of the fused classifiers. This was not the case. We found that the data partitioning technique did indeed reduce the classifier sensitivity to misregistration. Due to the use of a "fuzz factor" at the labeling boundary and the binary labeling of the data reasonable amounts of noise do not seriously degrade performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, ATR, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Neuroth, RM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, ATR, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-01-9 PY 2003 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY51C UT WOS:000189396400003 ER PT B AU Power, GJ AF Power, GJ BE Callaos, N Kharatishvili, G Lu, ZM He, Y Klovsky, D TI Using psychophysical evidence to enhance object recognition algorithms SO 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XV, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATION, CONTROL, SIGNAL AND OPTICS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System AB Psychophysical evidence suggests approaches to enhance object recognition algorithms. The object recognition algorithm is broken down into various steps including analysis of image quality, segmentation, feature extraction and matching. The suggested approach to enhancing object recognition is to first analyze the human visual response to an algorithmic step; and then create an algorithm that mimics the human visual response. The paper reviews several applications developed by the author to mimic psychophysical evidence. Finally, the paper demonstrates how psychophysical evidence can be applied to a simple 2-class recognition problem to improve the boundary condition for separating the classes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Power, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2010 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-01-9 PY 2003 BP 17 EP 21 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY51C UT WOS:000189396400004 ER PT B AU Pack, DJ Mullins, BE AF Pack, DJ Mullins, BE BE Callaos, N Kharatishvili, G Lu, ZM He, Y Klovsky, D TI Computational complexity on pose updates for swarm robots SO 7TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XV, PROCEEDINGS: COMMUNICATION, CONTROL, SIGNAL AND OPTICS, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE swarm robots; pose representations; comparative study; lie group and lie algebra AB One of the key tasks necessary for a group of robots to intelligently work together is to communicate the position and orientation (pose) information of each robot among the members of the group. In this paper, we compare the computational complexity of a pose updating scheme using two different representations: (1) homogeneous 4 by 4 matrix representation (SE(3)) and (2) Lie algebra representation (se(3)). We compare the two representations in the context of swarm mobile robots and unmanned autonomous flying robots. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-01-9 PY 2003 BP 118 EP 123 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY51C UT WOS:000189396400028 ER PT J AU Mason, PE Kerns, WP AF Mason, PE Kerns, WP TI Unsupported "efficacy" claims of gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) - Reply SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Dept Emergency Med, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Div Med Toxicol, Charlotte, NC 28203 USA. RP Mason, PE (reprint author), Dept Emergency Med, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 632YH UT WOS:000180252100017 ER PT S AU Barchers, JD Fried, DL Link, DJ Tyler, GA Moretti, W Brennan, TJ Fugate, RQ AF Barchers, JD Fried, DL Link, DJ Tyler, GA Moretti, W Brennan, TJ Fugate, RQ BE Wizinowich, PL Bonaccini, D TI The performance of wavefront sensors in strong scintillation SO ADAPTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES II, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optical System Technologies II CY AUG 22-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; propagation; turbulence ID IMAGE-SHARPENING TELESCOPE; DISTORTION; RECONSTRUCTION; COMPENSATION; OPTICS; PHASE; LIGHT AB The estimation accuracy of wavefront sensors in strong scintillation is examined. Wave optical simulation is used to characterize the performance of several wavefront sensors in the absence of measurement noise. The estimation accuracy of a Schack-Hartmann sensor is shown to be poor in strong scintillation due primarily to the presence of branch points in the phase function. The estimation accuracy of a unit-shear, shearing interferometer is found to be significantly better than that of a Hartmann sensor in strong scintillation. The estimation accuracy of a phase shifting point diffraction interferometer is shown to be invariant with scintillation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Starfire Opt Range,Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Barchers, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Starfire Opt Range,Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4618-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4839 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1117/12.457126 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BW43V UT WOS:000181980700024 ER PT S AU Brown, JM AF Brown, JM BE Wizinowich, PL Bonaccini, D TI Tracker development for the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter telescope adaptive optics system SO ADAPTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES II, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optical System Technologies II CY AUG 22-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE tracking; controller design; steering mirrors; cage loop AB A new tracker is under development at the Starfire Optical Range (SOR). The tracker system's tilt sensor is based on an optical pyramid that creates a quad-cell effect into avalanche photo diodes, sampled at 5000 frames per second. A suite of hardware and software that allows unprecedented flexibility in control system design and implementation delivers the mirror control signals. The control problems associated with this tracking system are interesting due to lightly damped mirror resonances; these dynamics are handled via a tight inner cage loop. Thus, the controller makes use of both optical feedback and mirror position feedback. This paper discusses the design and implementation of the entire tracker system, including sensor characteristics, steering mirror characteristics, electronics, and control algorithms implemented. Experimental results are presented. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate,AFRL,DES,Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate,AFRL,DES,Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4618-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4839 BP 240 EP 249 DI 10.1117/12.458946 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BW43V UT WOS:000181980700026 ER PT S AU Gonglewski, JD Dayton, DC Browne, SL Restaino, SR AF Gonglewski, JD Dayton, DC Browne, SL Restaino, SR BE Wizinowich, PL Bonaccini, D TI MEMS adaptive optics: Field demonstrations SO ADAPTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES II, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optical System Technologies II CY AUG 22-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; micro-machined membrane mirror; nematic liquid crystal ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTAL; WAVE-FRONT CORRECTION; MEMBRANE MIRROR; TURBULENCE AB We present here results using two novel active optic elements, an electro-static membrane mirror, and a dual frequency nematic liquid crystal. These devices have the advantage of low cost, low power consumption, and compact size. Possible applications of the devices are astronomical adaptive optics, laser beam control, laser cavity mode control, and real time holography. Field experiments were performed on the Air Force Research Laboratory 3.6 meter telescope on Maui, Hawaii. C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gonglewski, JD (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4618-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4839 BP 783 EP 791 DI 10.1117/12.479631 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BW43V UT WOS:000181980700082 ER PT S AU Duncan, TS Voas, JK Eager, RJ Newey, SC Wynia, JL AF Duncan, TS Voas, JK Eager, RJ Newey, SC Wynia, JL BE Wizinowich, PL Bonaccini, D TI Low-latency adaptive optical system processing electronics SO ADAPTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES II, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optical System Technologies II CY AUG 22-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; latency; bandwidth; processing AB Extensive system modeling and analysis clearly shows that system latency is a primary performance driver in closed loop adaptive optical systems. With careful attention to all sensing, processing, and controlling components, system latency can be significantly reduced. Upgrades to the Starfire Optical Range (SOR) 3.5-meter telescope facility adaptive optical system have resulted in a reduction in overall latency from 660 musec to 297 musec. Future efforts will reduce the system latency even more to the 170 musec range. The changes improve system bandwidth significantly by reducing the "age" of the correction that is applied to the deformable mirror. Latency reductions have been achieved by increasing the pixel readout pattern and rate on the wavefront sensor, utilizing a new high-speed field programmable gate array (FPGA) based wavefront processor, doubling the processing rate of the real-time reconstructor, and streamlining the operation of the deformable mirror drivers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Duncan, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4618-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4839 BP 923 EP 934 DI 10.1117/12.458955 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BW43V UT WOS:000181980700095 ER PT S AU Drummond, J Milster, S Ryan, P Roberts, LC AF Drummond, J Milster, S Ryan, P Roberts, LC BE Wizinowich, PL Bonaccini, D TI PBD on a 3.63m telescope with adaptive optics: First images of the astrometric component in Iota Cas SO ADAPTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES II, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optical System Technologies II CY AUG 22-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; point spread function; blind deconvolution; binary stars ID BINARY STARS AB Adaptive optics images of Iota Cassiopeia taken in the I and H bands with the 3.63m AEOS telescope on Haleakala show a strong waffle-like pattern. The Parametric Blind Deconvolution (PBD) point spread function is modified to include such an optical aberration pattern, and position angles, separations, and magnitude differences are obtained for the components of the quadruple star system. The H band image of the astrometric companion is the first ever, the I band image is the first to show all four components, and by combining our data with previous visual and speckle measurements, the orbits and masses of components A and Aa are derived for the first time. The faint sub-solar mass component is 2.3, 2.9, 3.7, and 4.2 magnitudes fainter than its nearby (0.4") companion at H, I, V, and B bands, respectively. C1 USAF, Res Lab, State Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Drummond, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, State Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4618-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4839 BP 1076 EP 1084 DI 10.1117/12.459809 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BW43V UT WOS:000181980700110 ER PT S AU Hench, DL AF Hench, DL BE Luk, FT TI Wigner distribution approximation applied to differential equations SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms Architectures and Implementations XIII CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE time-frequency analysis; Wigner distribution ID SYSTEMS AB Galleani and Cohen recently developed a Wigner-distribution based approach for the study of linear differential equations in general, and the gliding tone problem in particular. In this research, we extend these results by considering an exponential chirp and also a set of arbitrarily selected forcing functions. These forcing functions are taken from a class of smoothed and monotonically increasing phase functions. By examining a number of arbitrary selected forcing functions from this set, insight is gained into the nature of the solution and the associated dynamics of the system. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5078-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5205 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1117/12.513901 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY24X UT WOS:000188420600002 ER PT S AU Silvius, MD Lindsey, AR Hughes, DH AF Silvius, MD Lindsey, AR Hughes, DH BE Luk, FT TI Broadband interference mitigator for global positioning system using time-frequency domain excision filtering SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms Architectures and Implementations XIII CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE interference mitigation; spread spectrum; time-frequency; Wigner distribution; synthesis technique AB This paper explores methods to excise broadband interference signals from a Global Positioning System (GPS) spread spectrum signal using bilinear transformations. The Wigner-Ville Distribution allows for signal and jammer time-frequency characterization. The jammer signals, identified in the Time-Frequency (T-F) domain, are excised by zeroing peak amplitudes above a statistically determined detection threshold. The GPS signal is synthesized using inverse Wigner transform involving least squares amplitude and phase matching. Pre-processing increases Pseudo-Random Noise (PRN) correlator performance due to significant reduction in effective Jammer-to-Signal ratio (JSR). The proposed technique improves receiver robustness for large classes of broadband jammers, not limited to instantaneously narrowband jammers with a constant modulus or well defined instantaneous frequencies, while improving bit-error-performance and GPS Coarse Acquisition (C/A) and tracking in hostile interference environments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5078-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5205 BP 106 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.506102 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY24X UT WOS:000188420600010 ER PT S AU Hughes, DH AF Hughes, DH BE Luk, FT TI Signal arrival times SO ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, ARCHITECTURES, AND IMPLEMENTATIONS XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms Architectures and Implementations XIII CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE space-time signal analysis; local moments; Wigner distribution; time-frequency; dispersion; wave propagation; FDTD; moment densities; instantaneous frequency ID MEDIA AB A femtosecond electromagnetic pulse propagating in a linear dispersive medium is analyzed in phase spaces of (space, wave number) and (time, frequency). First moment densities are computed as eigenvalues of differential operators acting on Hilbert ray representations of the pulse in relevant domains. These moment densities are used as metrics in the relevant phase spaces to measure the local mean values and their deviations in position and wavenumber, and in time and frequency. For example, arrival times of the pulse over its spectral content are computed as the mean arrival time at a particular frequency to within one half the local deviation at that frequency. These metrics on the pulse are compared to the relevant phase space Wigner distribution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5078-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5205 BP 127 EP 138 DI 10.1117/12.506935 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BY24X UT WOS:000188420600012 ER PT S AU Harris, S AF Harris, S BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Numerical optimization of the performance of nematic liquid crystal optical phased arrays SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control: Methods Devices and Applications CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB In a one-dimensional liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA), a liquid crystal layer is electrically addressed by an array of long, narrow electrodes. A spatially periodic voltage profile can be applied to the electrodes in order to induce a sawtooth-shaped index of refraction variation in the liquid crystal layer that will steer an optical beam in a fashion analogous to that of a blazed diffraction grating. Because of non-ideal device behavior, measured phase vs. voltage data cannot be used to predict the control voltages necessary to achieve efficient steering. This paper presents a simple application of optimization to determine the appropriate voltages for every electrode in order to optimize the steering efficiency. Experimental results show that this approach can quickly determine optimal voltages for a desired far field diffraction pattern. Steering efficiency improvements of over 100 percent are obtained as compared to open loop device calibration. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harris, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5035-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5162 BP 157 EP 171 DI 10.1117/12.506141 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY24V UT WOS:000188420300017 ER PT S AU Gruneisen, MT DeSandre, LF Rotge, JR Dymale, RC Lubin, DL AF Gruneisen, MT DeSandre, LF Rotge, JR Dymale, RC Lubin, DL BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Telescope with wavelength-agile diffractive wavefront control SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control: Methods Devices and Applications CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; liquid crystals; programmable diffractive optics; wide-dynamic-range wavefront control; computer-generated holography; non-mechanical beam steering; diffractive optics ID SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS; DYNAMIC HOLOGRAPHY; OPTICS; MEDIA; COMPENSATION AB "Programmable diffractive optics utilizing a high-resolution liquid-crystal phase modulator is demonstrated as a technique for large-range, two-dimensional aberration control. A high-resolution phase modulator system introduces modulo-2pi phase compensation via discrete-step phase modulation and operates with 307,200 independently addressable elements, and total optical efficiencies of up to 93%. Near-diffraction-limited imaging and beam directing is demonstrated in a telescope system with large off-axis aberrations. Wavelength-agile and extended spectral bandwidth operation are also demonstrated." C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5035-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5162 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1117/12.504894 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY24V UT WOS:000188420300018 ER PT S AU DeSandre, L Gruneisen, M AF DeSandre, L Gruneisen, M BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Diffraction analysis of fiber array phase modulator for wavefront aberration control and agile beam steering and tracking SO ADVANCED WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Wavefront Control: Methods Devices and Applications CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL DEBS Surveillance Tech Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP DeSandre, L (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL DEBS Surveillance Tech Branch, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5035-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5162 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1117/12.503921 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY24V UT WOS:000188420300020 ER PT B AU Jeng, TM Wang, MP Hung, YH AF Jeng, TM Wang, MP Hung, YH GP asme TI Performance prediction for partially-confined heat sinks SO ADVANCES IN ELECTRONIC PACKAGING 2003, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference CY JUL 06-11, 2003 CL Maui, HI SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Elect & Photon Packaging Div DE forced convection; unconfined/confined heat sink; bypass effect; Reynolds number; optimal number of fins AB In the present study, the forced air convection heat transfer for unconfined and confined heat sinks by considering flow bypass effect is studied on a semi-empirical basis. The flow bypass effect for unconfined heat sinks is firstly investigated. For unconfined heat sinks with specified fin spacing and fin height, the results reveal that the value of U-i/(epsilon.U-s) which represents the flow bypass capability, increases from a very small Reynolds number up to a certain Reynolds number, say Re-i=60-200; and then gradually decrease with further increasing Reynolds number. At a specified Reynolds number, the Ui/(epsilon.U-s) will generally increase when the fin spacing decreases or the fin height increases. For heat sinks partially confined in a channel, a novel concept to estimate an imaginative flow domain, in which the flow is influenced due to the existence of heat sink in the channel, is postulated in the study. Accordingly, an effective method for predicting the flow velocity between fins, flow rate through the heat sink and the fin heat transfer coefficient in both unconfined flow and confined flow is presented. Finally, in order to explore the optimal number of fins, a performance parameter defined as the ratio of thermal conductance to the required pumping power is introduced; an optimal procedure to determine the maximum performance parameter for a heat sink partially confined in a channel is postulated. The results manifest that the optimal number of fins increases with increasing inlet flow velocity. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan. RP Jeng, TM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-3691-6 PY 2003 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Telecommunications GA BAK08 UT WOS:000222625600013 ER PT J AU Saad, AA Liebst, BS AF Saad, AA Liebst, BS TI Computational simulation of wing rock in three degrees-of-freedom for a generic fighter with chine-shaped forebody SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMPLICIT AB Modem fighter aircraft have been associated with lateral self-excited limit cycle oscillation known as 'wing rock'. Simulations of wing rock have been encouraged to develop a complete understanding of the fluid mechanism that triggers and drives the oscillation, as well as for prediction purposes. Previous simulations of wing rock in wind/water tunnels were almost exclusively limited to a single degree-of-freedom in roll, due to the difficulty encountered in mounting the model to freely oscillate in more than one degree-of-freedom. Numerical simulations, utilising computational fluid dynamics, were also limited to roll-only degree-of-freedom. The loss of simulation accuracy due to the reduction of the actual wing rock degrees-of-freedom to roll-only has not as yet been fully investigated. In this study wing rock is numerically simulated in three degrees-of-freedom: roll, sideslip, and vertical motion for a generic fighter model. The unsteady Euler equations are coupled with the rigid-body dynamic equations through an innovative sub-iteration algorithm to simultaneously solve the coupled equations. The effect of including the sideslip and vertical degrees-of-freedom was found to delay the onset angle-of-attack of wing rock by 5degrees and reduce the limit cycle amplitude by about 50% with the frequency remained almost unchanged. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Saad, AA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 107 IS 1067 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 641LJ UT WOS:000180746000002 ER PT B AU Bhat, RB Tamirisa, S McEldowney, DJ Miracle, DB AF Bhat, RB Tamirisa, S McEldowney, DJ Miracle, DB BE Pandey, AB Kendig, KL Lewandowski, JJ Shah, SS TI Effect of processing on the microstructure and properties of Ti-6Al-4V-xB alloys SO AFFORDABLE METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE APPLICATIONS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Powder Materials - Current Research and Industrial Practices III held at the Materials Science and Technology Meeting CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL CHICAGO, IL SP TMS Powder Mat Comm DE titanium alloy; powder metallurgy; titanium boride; whisker ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB The workhorse Ti alloy Ti-6Al-4V modified with small additions of boron has been shown to produce significant improvements in elastic modulus (35-80%), yield strength (30-40%) and ultimate tensile strengths (35-43%) at room temperature. Two different powder metallurgy approaches, viz, pre-alloyed and blended, have been used in this study to introduce different amounts of boron in the alloy. The blended powder compositions (Ti-6Al-4V-2.9B) were produced by blending TiB2 powders having two different sizes (average particle sizes of 15mum and 3mum) with Ti-6Al-4V powder. The pre-alloyed powder having the composition Ti-6Al-4V-1.7B was produced from the melt by inert gas atomization. Both alloys were consolidated by blind die compaction and subsequently extruded. The solid solubility of boron in Ti being very small, the boron or the TiB2 reacts with Ti to produce the stable TiB phase. The size and morphology of the TiB produced is strongly dependent on the process route and a wide variation in size ranging from the nanometer length scale to several hundred microns has been observed. The presence of TiB also affects the formation of the (alpha+beta) structure on cooling from the single-phase beta region. The effect of different process routes on the size and morphology of the TiB phase and the consequences on the Ti-6Al-4V microstructural evolution and properties are discussed. The pre-alloyed and the blended powder approaches are compared in terms of their advantages and limitations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bhat, RB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-557-3 PY 2003 BP 115 EP 124 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY52G UT WOS:000189399400012 ER PT B AU Tamirisakandala, S Bhat, RB McEldowney, DJ Miracle, DB AF Tamirisakandala, S Bhat, RB McEldowney, DJ Miracle, DB BE Pandey, AB Kendig, KL Lewandowski, JJ Shah, SS TI Strength modeling of a titanium alloy modified with boron and boron plus carbon SO AFFORDABLE METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE APPLICATIONS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Powder Materials - Current Research and Industrial Practices III held at the Materials Science and Technology Meeting CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL CHICAGO, IL SP TMS Powder Mat Comm DE titanium; TiB; TiC; tensile strength ID REINFORCEMENT AB Titanium alloys modified with small additions (<2wt.%) of boron and boron+carbon possess significantly higher strength and stiffness values, with increases up to 50% relative to the same alloy without boron and carbon. In this study, Ti-6Al-4V (all alloy compositions are given in wt.%) alloys with varying boron and boron+carbon contents were produced by powder metallurgy techniques and were subjected to different thermomechanical treatments to produce a variety of microstructures. The mechanical properties of these materials at room as well as elevated (up to 593degreesC) temperature were established. Detailed characterization of Ti-6Al-4V-1.6B revealed the presence of 10 vol.% TiB, out of which the majority (8 vol.%) is eutectic TiB needles of about 10 pro long (micro needles) and a small volume fraction (2 vol.%) of finer TiB whiskers of about 500 nm long (nanometer-sized needles). All the needles typically had an aspect ratio of 10. The alloy containing boron+carbon, Ti-6Al-4V-1.4B-0.5C, possessed equiaxed TiC particles of about 1 mum size along with TiB needles. The strengthening contribution of each of these micro constituents is predicted by applying appropriate continuum and dislocation models. The major portion of strengthening in boron modified alloys was found to be from the load sharing mechanism provided by the micro needles. The volume fraction, aspect ratio and orientation of these needles significantly affect the strength properties. Nanometer sized needles are found to be of the length scale potential for contributing to strength increases by interactions with dislocations. Although boron is essentially insoluble in titanium, carbon is found to provide significant solid solution strengthening. The presence of TiB and TiC restricts the grain growth as well as refines the grain size, which provides a Hall-Petch strengthening contribution. The strength increment model predictions are in close agreement with the experimental observations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Tamirisakandala, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-557-3 PY 2003 BP 185 EP 194 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY52G UT WOS:000189399400019 ER PT J AU Ol, MV Gharib, M AF Ol, MV Gharib, M TI Leading-edge vortex structure of nonslender delta wings at low Reynolds number SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 31st Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 11-14, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; FLOW AB The velocity field near the apex region of moderately swept delta wings was measured in a water tunnel, using a version of stereoscopic digital particle imaging velocimetry. Flow visualization was also used to verify these results. In contrast to most recent studies, low angles of attack were emphasized, with most data in the range of 5-20 deg. Delta wings of 50- and 65-deg leading-edge sweep and 30-deg windward-side bevels were tested at Reynolds numbers of 6 x 10(3)-1.5 x 10(4). At these low Reynolds numbers, secondary leading-edge vortices were weak, giving way to essentially stagnant How outboard of the primary leading-edge vortices at the higher angles of attack. Otherwise, velocity data for the 65-deg wing were consistent with well-known observations for slender delta wings. The 50-deg wing exhibited unexpectedly strong primary leading-edge vortices at low angles of attack, with a generally conical velocity field. Upstream progression of vortex breakdown with increasing angle of attack exhibited extensive regions of streamwise undulation. Leading-edge shear-layer rollup was observed in crossflow planes well downstream of the breakdown region, but with an increased occurrence of paired vortical structures of opposite sign inside the shear layer itself. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Aeronaut Sci Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ol, MV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Aeronaut Sci Div, 2130 8th St,Bldg 45, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 16 EP 26 DI 10.2514/2.1930 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 671RN UT WOS:000182478000002 ER PT J AU Kinzie, RC AF Kinzie, RC TI Measuring the rates and impact of corrosion damage SO AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corrosion prevention; aerospace corrosion AB This paper focuses on corrosion maintenance on both commercial and military aircraft, which is based on finding and fixing the damage prior to its becoming a structural or safety concern. C1 USAF, Corros Prevent & Control Off, Robins AFB, GA USA. RP Kinzie, RC (reprint author), USAF, Corros Prevent & Control Off, Robins AFB, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EMERALD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0002-2667 J9 AIRCR ENG AEROSP TEC JI Aircr. Eng. Aerosp. Technol. PY 2003 VL 75 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1108/00022660310698133 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 671ZK UT WOS:000182495500002 ER PT J AU Unangst, ET Wunder, BA AF Unangst, ET Wunder, BA TI Body-composition dynamics in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) of southeastern Colorado SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL-CHANGES; SMALL MAMMALS; GUT CAPACITY; WEIGHT; WHITE; FAT AB Body-composition dynamics in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were examined by noninvasive EM-SCAN(R) methods for 12 mo. At the population level, body mass and fat-free mass varied seasonally with highs in spring and summer and lows in autumn and winter. In autumn and winter, losses in body mass and fat-free mass occurred in individual adults (40 + g summer body mass), whereas voles maintained 2-3 g of lipid mass year-round, equating to 4% body fat in summer and 7% body fat in winter. Thus, changes in body composition were primarily due to changes in fat-free mass and not changes in lipid mass. Voles may rely-more on energy sparing (reduction in fat-free mass and body mass) than on energy storing as a primary means of overwinter survival. Compared with results from more northern populations of arvicoline rodents, the lesser change in total body mass observed in this study suggests a latitudinal influence on seasonal change, possibly due to reduced environmental circumstances. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80538 USA. RP Unangst, ET (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 149 IS 1 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0211:BCDIMV]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632QZ UT WOS:000180235500016 ER PT J AU Luszczak, M Kharod, CU Abbrescia, K AF Luszczak, M Kharod, CU Abbrescia, K TI Medical mistakes, errors in judgment, and personal awareness SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID PHYSICIANS; IMPACT C1 Darnall Army Community Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Hood, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Luszczak, M (reprint author), Darnall Army Community Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Hood, TX USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 155 EP 156 DI 10.1067/mem.2003.29 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 634YC UT WOS:000180369200025 PM 12526128 ER PT J AU Back, MR Bowser, AN Johnson, BL Schmacht, D Zwiebel, B Bandyk, DF AF Back, MR Bowser, AN Johnson, BL Schmacht, D Zwiebel, B Bandyk, DF TI Patency of infrarenal aortic side branches determines early aneurysm sac behavior after endovascular repair SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society CY JUN 08, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ENDOLEAKS AB In this study we sought to determine whether initial abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) sac anatomy, morphology, and side branch patency influence changes in aneurysm size and development of endoleak following endovascular repair. A blinded, retrospective review of preintervention CT scans and angiograms was conducted on 70 consecutive patients treated for infrarenal AAA (mean size 6.0 +/- 0.8 cm) by AneuRx stent-graft exclusion. Initial AAA diameter and side branch (inferior mesenteric artery [IMA], lumbar artery pair) patency, AAA clot/sac diameter ratio, wall thrombus and calcification distributions, attachment site anatomy, endograft size, and other clinical parameters were correlated with postoperative persistent side branch patency, presence of type II endoleak, and change in AAA diameter (increase/decrease ! 5 mm) using contingency table analyses. Patients underwent CT scaning and/or color duplex imaging at 1 month and at 3 (with endoleak) or 6 (without) month intervals postoperatively with 50 patients followed beyond 6 months (mean follow-up 11 +/- 7 months). The majority of patients possessed patent side branches prior to intervention (lumbar [n = 60, 86%], IMA [n = 45, 64%]). Development of type II endoleak or persistence of side branches could not be predicted (p > 0.05) from preoperative AAA side branch patency or any of the other initial anatomic AAA variables. On serial post-repair CT or duplex cans, 42% (19/45) of IMAs and 27% (16/60) of lumbar artery pairs remained patent. For patients followed beyond 6 months, type II endoleaks persisted in half (13/25) of the patients with patent side branches with roughly equal proportions fed by IMA and lumbar sources. Persistent side branches or presence of type II endoleak was associated with AAA expansion or the failure of aneurysm size diminution after endografting (p < 0.01). Aneurysm sac regression was most likely in the absence of endoleak and patent side branches. We conclude that persistent side branch patency not only fuels development of type II endoleak but also influences early aneurysm sac behavior after endovascular repair. Optimal anatomic patient selection for endografting may not be possible on the basis of our initial experience, since preoperative AAA variables did not predict persistence of side branches or type II endoleaks. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Div Vasc & Endovasc Surg, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. Radiol Associates, Tampa, FL USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Back, MR (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Div Vasc & Endovasc Surg, Harbourside Med Tower,Suite 650,4 Columbia Dr, Tampa, FL 33606 USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s10016-001-0327-x PG 8 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 648FF UT WOS:000181138500005 PM 12522694 ER PT S AU Wampler, JL Bruno, JM Blue, RR Hoebel, LJ AF Wampler, JL Bruno, JM Blue, RR Hoebel, LJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Integrating maintainability and data development SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2003 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) CY JAN 27-30, 2003 CL TAMPA, FL SP IEEE, SAE, SLE, Soc Reliabil Engineers, IIE, IEST, AIAA, Syst Safety Soc, Amer Soc Qual, Electr Div, Amer Soc Qual, Reliabil Div DE maintainability; maintenance manuals; service manuals; technical data; computer aided design (CAD); assembly planning; virtual reality; maintenance task analysis AB In this paper we described a new and innovative maintainability-engineering tool being developed by GEGRC, AFRL and Lockheed Martin (LM). The tool employs modeling, simulation, information composition and virtual prototyping to allow an easier analysis of service related issues early in the design. The resulting coupling of the design and service data promote a concurrent development of preliminary designs and maintenance manuals, resulting in a truly maintenance oriented design approach. The prototype tool is in development and will be beta-tested on several commercial and military systems. Implementation challenges discussed include a need for user-defined constraints on the disassembly planner and difficulties mapping design data to domain information: Future directions for this research will examine using the technology for maintenance task analysis, change impact analysis and job-level work scope planning. Finally, we described an implementation strategy for technology transition including an initial Illustrated Parts Catalogue (IPC) generation capability and maintainability studies on components of the GE Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) as well as other GE engines. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HESS, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HESS, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2698 G St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeff.wampler@wpafb.af.mil; bruno@crd.ge.com; blue@crd.ge.com; hoebel@crd.ge.com NR 12 TC 3 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 0-7803-7717-6 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2003 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1109/RAMS.2003.1181935 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BW46C UT WOS:000182081600042 ER PT S AU Casey, BK Claypoole, RL AF Casey, BK Claypoole, RL BE Tescher, AG TI Theoretical analysis of information watermarking in wavelet-based video compression SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXVI CY AUG 05-08, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE watermark; embedding; copyright; wavelet; video; compression; transmission AB Embedding audio bits into images for transmission of video data alleviates the synchronization problem common in video transmission techniques. We continue work combining audio or other data bits and images into one file using digital watermarking techniques to correct the synchronization problem. The work compresses the file by using wavelet image coefficients and implementing bit plane coding. Our work encompasses incorporating five free variables into the watermark/compression technique. These variables are watermark robustness, number of coding iterations, number of image coefficients, number of watermarked. data bits, and number of watermarked error correcting bits. By altering these variables, four measurements of the output will change. The four measurements are the watermarked bit error rate, the image quality, the compression ratio, and the amount of watermarked data. We will theoretically demonstrate how the variables impact these measurements. Experimental results on real video data will support our theoretical findings. By analyzing each video frame, an automated system will be able to choose the optimal values of the five variables to meet the given user constraints for the measurements. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Casey, BK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5076-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5203 BP 499 EP 510 DI 10.1117/12.505926 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY15A UT WOS:000187950200050 ER PT J AU Voyiadjis, GZ Abu Al-Rub, RK Palazotto, AN AF Voyiadjis, GZ Abu Al-Rub, RK Palazotto, AN TI Non-local coupling of viscoplasticity and anisotropic viscodamage for impact problems using the gradient theory SO ARCHIVES OF MECHANICS LA English DT Review DE non-local theory; anisotropic viscodamage; viscoplasticity; gradient theory; heterogeneous media ID QUASI-BRITTLE MATERIALS; LOCALIZATION PHENOMENA; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; DAMAGE MECHANICS; ENHANCED DAMAGE; DEPENDENT PLASTICITY; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; INELASTIC BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS; RATE DEFORMATION AB A GENERAL FRAMEWORK for the analysis of heterogeneous media that assesses a strong coupling between viscoplasticity and anisotropic viscodamage evolution is formulated for-impact related problems.within the framework of thermodynamic laws and nonlinear continuum mechanics. The proposed formulations include thermoelasto-viscoplasticity with anisotropic thermo-elasto-viscodamage, a dynamic yield criterion of a von Mises type and a dynamic viscodamage criterion, the associated flow rules, non-linear strain hardening, strain-rate hardening, and temperature softening. The constitutive equations for the damaged material axe written according to the principle of strain energy equivalence between the virgin material and the damaged material. That is, the damaged material is modeled using the constitutive laws of the effective undamaged material in which the nominal stresses are replaced by the effective stresses. The evolution laws are impeded in a finite deformation framework based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic, viscoplastic, and viscodamage parts. Since the material macroscopic thermomechanical response under high-impact loading is governed by different physical mechanisms on the macroscale level, the proposed three-dimensional kinematical model is introduced with manifold structure accounting for discontinuous fields of dislocation interactions (plastic hardening), and crack and void interactions (damage hardening). The non-local theory of viscoplasticity and viscodamage that incorporates macroscale interstate variables and their higher-order gradients is used here to describe the change in the internal structure and in order to investigate the size effect of statistical inhomogeneity of the evolution-related viscoplasticity and viscodamage hardening variables. The gradients are introduced here in the hardening internal state variables and are considered to be independent of their local counterparts. It also incorporates the thermomechanical coupling effects as well as the internal dissipative effects through the rate-type covariance constitutive structure with a finite set of internal state variables. The model presented in this paper can be considered as a framework, which enables one to derive various non-local and gradient viscoplasticity and viscodamage theories by introducing simplifying assumptions. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voyiadjis, GZ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Abu Al-Rub, Rashid/B-3360-2009 NR 111 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST FUNDAMENTAL TECHNOL RES PI WARSAW PA SWIETOKRZYSKA 21, PL 00-049 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0373-2029 J9 ARCH MECH JI Arch. Mech. PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 39 EP 89 PG 51 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA 780PH UT WOS:000189389900002 ER PT S AU Tansel, IN Singh, RN Chen, P Kropas-Hughes, CV AF Tansel, IN Singh, RN Chen, P Kropas-Hughes, CV BE Kaynak, O Alpaydin, E Oja, E Xu, L TI Neural network based material identification and part thickness estimation from two radiographic images SO ARTIFICAIL NEURAL NETWORKS AND NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING - ICAN/ICONIP 2003 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN)/International on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP) CY JUN 26-29, 2002 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP Bogazici Univ Fdn, USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Turkish Sci & Tech Res Council DE neural network; dual energy; radiography ID ENERGY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY AB Radiograpic inspection provides extensive information about the characteristics and conditions of parts even if they are hidden behind the walls. A dual energy method is originally proposed to estimate the thickness of parts from two radiographic images by using analytical expressions. Use of neural networks is proposed when the material properties have nonlinear characteristics. Aluminum and brass test pieces were identified and their thickness was estimated from two images obtained at different energy levels. C1 Florida Int Univ, Mech Engn Dept, Miami, FL 33174 USA. Air Force Res Lab, AFRL MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tansel, IN (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Mech Engn Dept, 10555 W Flagler St,EAS-3473, Miami, FL 33174 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40408-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2714 BP 1018 EP 1025 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX47F UT WOS:000185378100121 ER PT S AU Cobb, RG Tragesser, SG AF Cobb, RG Tragesser, SG BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI Satellite attitude dynamics and control demonstrations for the classroom SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS AB The spaceflight mechanics and feedback control graduate courses are of core importance to the Air Force's Space Systems and Astronautical Engineering programs at AFIT. These courses rigorously develop the fundamental principles of satellite attitude dynamics and control. This field is one of the most challenging for students to understand, since attitude dynamics are often counterintuitive. Furthermore, real satellite dynamics cannot be exactly demonstrated in the classroom. To enhance and augment the students' comprehension of these topics, a combination of hardware demonstrations and graphical simulations have been woven into the curricula. Throughout the graduate sequence, students receive a combination of hands-on hardware demonstrations using both a stand-alone control moment gyroscope and a separate satellite simulator. The hardware demonstrations are augmented with simulation movies using MATLAB. This paper describes the demonstration hardware and software routines, and explains how they are integrated into the current curricula. The end result is that students are able to interact directly with the hardware and observe simulations of satellite motion leading to a better and more thorough understanding of the engineering principles of spaceflight mechanics. C1 USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cobb, RG (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 87 EP 105 PN 1-3 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500007 ER PT S AU Stanton, S D'Souza, C Proulx, RJ AF Stanton, S D'Souza, C Proulx, RJ BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI Optimal orbital transfer using a legendre pseudospectral method SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS AB Orbital transfer problems are solved successfully for several classes of transfers, including coplanar transfer, simple plane change, and complex orbital size/shape/plane changes. Both impulsive and finite-burn orbital transfers are constructed which minimize fuel costs. Using the direct Legendre Pseudospectral technique software package (DIDO) developed by Ross and Fahroo of the Naval Postgraduate School, the effects of complex perturbations (like J(2)) are naturally included in the optimal solution. Written in Matlab, the DIDO package allows the user to incorporate complex cost functions, bounds, and constraints on the optimal transfer trajectory through a standardized interface. C1 US Air Force, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Stanton, S (reprint author), US Air Force, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 1161 EP 1183 PN 1-3 PG 23 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500069 ER PT S AU Dabrowski, VJ Cobb, RG AF Dabrowski, VJ Cobb, RG BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI Experimental demonstration of an algorithm to detect the presence of a parasitic satellite SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS AB Published reports of microsatellite weapons testing have led to a concern that some of these "parasitic" satellites could be deployed against US satellites to rendezvous, dock and then disrupt, degrade, disable, or destroy the system. An effective detection method is required. Impact and dynamic sensing solutions were investigated. Dynamic detection, the most effective solution, was further explored to include the creation of a detection algorithm. A detection maneuver is performed regularly and matched to a modeled response by minimizing a least-squares type cost function over the model's moment of inertia. The algorithm was constructed and validated on a ground-based satellite simulator. Results indicate that microsatellites rigidly connected to a satellite can be detected with a series of small identical maneuvers utilizing data available from a typical attitude determination and control system. All algorithm variations readily detected parasite-induced moment of inertia changes of 3-23%. The most accurate detection scheme used estimated the moment of inertia change to 0.67% of truth. C1 AF Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Dabrowski, VJ (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM Vincent.dabrowski@eglin.af.mil; richard.cobb@afit.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 1705 EP 1724 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500100 ER PT S AU Marcos, FA Wise, JO Kendra, MJ Grossbard, NJ AF Marcos, FA Wise, JO Kendra, MJ Grossbard, NJ BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI Satellite drag research: Past, present and future SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS ID THERMOSPHERE; MODEL AB From early in the space age to almost the end of this century there was essentially no progress in satellite drag modeling capabilities. This century has already shown the promise of advances in areas of new measurements, models, solar proxies and, most significantly, application of data assimilation techniques for operational applications. A resurgence in orbital drag analyses for density determination has also been particularly fruitful in addressing long-term changes in thermospheric density, operational data assimilation, and validation of new models, solar indices and measurement techniques. We review the operational impacts of satellite drag, the historical and forthcoming efforts, and the future capability to deal with evolving higher accuracy requirements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Marcos, FA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 1865 EP 1878 PN 1-3 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500109 ER PT S AU Bowman, BR Storz, MF AF Bowman, BR Storz, MF BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) review SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS AB The dominant error source in force models used to predict low altitude satellite trajectories is atmospheric drag. At satellite altitudes atmospheric density models do not adequately account for dynamic changes in neutral density, leading to significant errors in predicted satellite positions. The Air Force has developed a High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model program that computes "real time" upper atmospheric neutral density variations using 75-80 calibration satellites in a wide range of orbit inclinations and perigee heights ranging from 200km to 800km. The HASDM program estimates a set of density correction parameters every 3 hours, which describe density as a function of latitude, local solar time, and altitude. A time series filter then predicts (out three days) the density correction parameters as a function of predicted solar radio flux index F-10.7 and predicted geomagnetic storm index a, The estimated and predicted density fields are then use to first differentially correct all the drag influenced orbits (over 6000) in the NORAD catalog, and then predict all satellite trajectories out three days. A six-month demonstration period was conducted in 2001, where the concept was validated using data from similar to120 satellites. The resulting improvements in epoch accuracy, ballistic coefficient consistency, and predicted satellite positions led to a full drag catalog 60-day test in 2002. The excellent results from the full drag catalog test are leading to the operational implementation of the HASDM program during the summer of 2004. C1 USAF, Space Command, Space Anal Div, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. RP Bowman, BR (reprint author), USAF, Space Command, Space Anal Div, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 1943 EP 1952 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500114 ER PT S AU Budianto, IA Gerencser, D McDaniel, PJ AF Budianto, IA Gerencser, D McDaniel, PJ BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI Design and analysis of a small constellation of satellites for mid-course tracking SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS AB A methodology employing Genetic Algorithm was developed to design a small constellation of mid-course surveillance Low-Earth Orbit satellites. The objective was for the space-based system to intercept part(s) of the missile trajectory (no continuous coverage is required) and hand over the information to other defensive elements. The solution to this problem is highly dependent on the threat scenario considered. For the chosen test scenario, as few as two satellites were able to accomplish the objective, resulting in an acceptable maximum gap and percent coverage. Sensitivity analyses are useful for testing the robustness of the solutions to off-nominal missile trajectories. C1 USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Budianto, IA (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 2093 EP 2105 PN 1-3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500122 ER PT S AU Lovell, TA Horneman, KR Tragesser, SG Tollefson, MV AF Lovell, TA Horneman, KR Tragesser, SG Tollefson, MV BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI A guidance algorithm for formation reconfiguration and maintenance based on the perturbed Clohessy-Wiltshire equations SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS AB In this paper the relative motion of a satellite about a reference object is formulated in terms of parameters that clearly describe the size, shape, and orientation of the satellite's formation. The governing equations are a modified form of the Clohessy-Wiltshire equations that include the effects of the J(2) gravity perturbation and a simple model for drag. An impulsive burn maneuver algorithm is presented, in terms of the parameters, that is applicable for reconfiguration and maintenance of formations. This algorithm can be used to find minimum fuel reconfigurations under certain assumptions and several examples of this are presented. Finally, the parameters are presented more fully under the simplified two-body assumptions and compared to the known results. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lovell, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 2313 EP 2329 PN 1-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500136 ER PT S AU Howard, RA Lovell, TA Horneman, KR AF Howard, RA Lovell, TA Horneman, KR BE Lafontaine, JD DeLafontaine, J Treder, J Soyka, MT Sims, JA TI Collision avoidance during rendezvous via relative motion approximation SO ASTRODYNAMICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Big Sky, MT SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, AAS AB This paper investigates the trajectory produced when one of two close co-orbiting spacecraft performs a maneuver to change its proximity relative to the other spacecraft. Of particular interest is the assurance that the trajectory of one satellite will not intersect a keep-out zone surrounding the other satellite. An algorithm is presented that will easily determine if the keep-out zone can or cannot be avoided based on the desired relative distance change and the amount of time available to perform the maneuver. In the case that keep-out zone intrusion can be avoided for the nominal maneuver, it will be determined what degree of flexibility, if any, the spacecraft has to perform its maneuver and still ensure collision avoidance. This flexibility typically depends on the desired relative distance change, the amount of time allowed for the maneuver, and the size of the keep-out zone. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Howard, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-509-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 116 BP 2331 EP 2347 PN 1-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BAK80 UT WOS:000222653500137 ER PT J AU Wright, CO Egan, MP Kraemer, KE Price, SD AF Wright, CO Egan, MP Kraemer, KE Price, SD TI The Tycho-2 spectral type catalog SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; stars : fundamental parameters AB The Tycho-2 Catalogue contains positions, proper motions, and B-T and V-T magnitudes for approximately 2.5 million stars. We have obtained spectral types for 351,864 of the Tycho-2 stars by cross- referencing Tycho-2 to several catalogs containing spectral types, using the VizieR astronomical database. The positional matching requirements were stringent (97.5% of the matches were within 1"), and the validity of the positional matches is further supported by the distribution of magnitude differences for matched pairs, which is symmetric about the median value (dV)(med) = 0.043 and has a small standard deviation, sigma(dV) = 0.40 mag. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Res Lab, XPS, MDA AT, Washington, DC 20301 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Wright, CO (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 22 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1086/345511 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627KD UT WOS:000179931600028 ER PT J AU Archambault, MR Edwards, CF MacCormack, RW AF Archambault, MR Edwards, CF MacCormack, RW TI Computation of spray dynamics by moment transport equations I: Theory and development SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; SIMULATION; FLOWS AB This article presents the results of a study into tbepossibility of solving for spray statistics directly without the use of stochastic simulation or Monte Carlo integration. It is based on formulating a system of low-order moment equations from the spray equation and then closing this system by use of a maximum-entropy assumption. The work has two parts: In this article, the basic formulation is presented and issues related to closure of the moment hierarchy and implementation of appropriate models are addressed. In a companion article, the model is applied to a simple case of a quasi-one-dimensional spray flow, that is, a flow in which the statistics of the flow vary in only one spatial dimension. The work shows that while it is possible to formulate the spray problem in a way that permits a very cost-effective, direct solution of the spray statistics, substantial modeling issues exist. These issues, and others related to the basic approach, are discussed in this article. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Edwards AFB, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Archambault, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RI Archambault, Mark/A-3278-2016 OI Archambault, Mark/0000-0003-2666-8765 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 63 EP 87 DI 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v13.i1.40 PG 25 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 658YM UT WOS:000181748700004 ER PT J AU Archambault, MR Edwards, CF MacCormack, RW AF Archambault, MR Edwards, CF MacCormack, RW TI Computation of spray dynamics by moment transport equations II: Application to calculation of a quasi-one-dimensional spray SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article AB A new method for predicting spray dynamics was recently developed, called the maximum entropy moment closure (MEMC) model. In this article, we test the method on a simplified quasi-one-dimensional spray problem to assess its viability. The governing equations of both the discrete and continuous phases are simplified to account for the flow geometry, and submodels are introduced to close the terms representing turbulence modification and momentum exchange between the phases. Results are presented for both a positive slip velocity and a negative slip velocity case, showing profiles of quantities of interest including expected number density, expected diameters and expected droplet velocity. For comparison, a Lagrangian simulation was performed and its results are discussed in the context of the new models results. It is found that the MEMC model is capable of accurately predicting low-order spray statistics using significantly less CPU time than a Lagrangian particle-teaching method. Although several significant issues remain to he addressed, to date the model shows promise as a potentially cost-effective, accurate alternative to present spray treatments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Edwards AFB, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Archambault, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci & Adv Concepts Div, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RI Archambault, Mark/A-3278-2016 OI Archambault, Mark/0000-0003-2666-8765 NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 89 EP 115 DI 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v13.i1.50 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 658YM UT WOS:000181748700005 ER PT B AU Silver, L Christenson, DW AF Silver, L Christenson, DW GP IEEE IEEE TI Developing a stable architecture for interfacing aircraft to commercial personal computers SO AUTOTESTCON 2003, PROCEEDINGS: FUTURE SUSTAINMENT FOR MILITARY AND AEROSPACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2003 Conference CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Orange Country Sect AB The intent of this paper is to introduce an entirely new and exciting adventure in software and hardware in which the concept of commercial PC products are utilized to interface with military and commercial aircraft. The life cycle problem of the different products is examined from multiple viewpoints. Existing products are described, architecture for each implementation is derived, and their strengths and weaknesses are explored. Finally an attempt to define the root causes for the problem of implementation of interface architectures in this environment will be presented. A new developmental architecture will be introduced. This architecture is designed to maintain the strengths of the traditional architectures and eliminate some of the weaknesses and inefficiencies. A series of hardware/software co-development projects will be described to demonstrate the new architecture. The relative performance of the architecture has been evaluated and refined by multiple implementations. These will be described and future implementations examined. C1 Ogden Air Logist Ctr, Software Engn Div, OO ALC MASM, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Silver, L (reprint author), Ogden Air Logist Ctr, Software Engn Div, OO ALC MASM, 7278 4th St, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7837-7 PY 2003 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BX81D UT WOS:000186501400014 ER PT B AU Sidhwa, F Moore, F Williams, T AF Sidhwa, F Moore, F Williams, T GP IEEE IEEE TI C-17 - Successful deployment of commercial ATE to an air force I-level (back-shop) repair facility SO AUTOTESTCON 2003, PROCEEDINGS: FUTURE SUSTAINMENT FOR MILITARY AND AEROSPACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2003 Conference CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Orange Country Sect AB In today's world of constrained military budgets, one of the problems the Military faces is the challenge of trying to maintain Organic Maintenance capabilities. Historically the US Air Force has desired to achieve an autonomous capability to maintain the equipment it uses. This has been achieved traditionally by setting-up 3 levels of maintenance; Organizational, Intermediate (back-shop) and Depot. The I-level back-shops often utilize militarized Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) and Test Program Sets (TPSs) to test today's complex aircraft Line Replaceable Units (LRUs). And even though this is still a cost effective maintenance philosophy, it has become very costly to develop militarized ATE. The DoD (Department of Defense) has been very active in trying to reduce the total ownership cost of ATE in the government inventory. One approach is to utilize commercial, instead of Mil-Spec, ATE. However, utilizing commercial ATE at an USAF back-shop is not without it's tradeoffs and challenges as it represents a significant deviation from the way the USAF Maintenance Squadrons are accustomed to "doing business". This paper documents a current success story of replacing the legacy C-17 I-level ATE with a commercial ATE. C1 Boeing Co, USAF, Airlift & Transport Programs, Long Beach, CA 90807 USA. RP Sidhwa, F (reprint author), Boeing Co, USAF, Airlift & Transport Programs, 2401 E Wardlow Rd, Long Beach, CA 90807 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7837-7 PY 2003 BP 148 EP 153 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BX81D UT WOS:000186501400024 ER PT B AU Jolley, DL AF Jolley, DL GP IEEE IEEE TI Sensible software etiquette using a Universal Serial Bus to MIL-STD-1553 interface bridge SO AUTOTESTCON 2003, PROCEEDINGS: FUTURE SUSTAINMENT FOR MILITARY AND AEROSPACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2003 Conference CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Orange Country Sect AB This paper presents software design challenges and solutions for communicating with MIL-STD-1553 devices using a Universal Serial Bus (USB) to MIL-STD-1553 Interface Bridge. The discussion is centered on software implementations designed to provide 1553 bus controller manipulation and control of a MIL-STD-1553 remote device across a USB interface cable. C1 United States Air Force, Ogden Air Logist Ctr, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Jolley, DL (reprint author), United States Air Force, Ogden Air Logist Ctr, 7278 4th St MASMD, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7837-7 PY 2003 BP 470 EP 475 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BX81D UT WOS:000186501400070 ER PT B AU Roosendaal, KF Christenson, DW AF Roosendaal, KF Christenson, DW GP IEEE IEEE TI Embedded computer software loader/verifier implementati on using a hardware and software architecture based upon best practices derived from multiple spiral developments and the joint technical architecture SO AUTOTESTCON 2003, PROCEEDINGS: FUTURE SUSTAINMENT FOR MILITARY AND AEROSPACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2003 Conference CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Orange Country Sect AB The focus of this paper is to examine the concept of utilizing Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) products and interfacing the products to design and implement a solution to the diverse requirements of ground support equipment for military aircraft The challenge of sustainability during the life cycle of specific ground support equipment is examined from multiple viewpoints. The decisions and resolutions associated with using and supporting COTS products is also presented. During our examination existing products are described, an architecture for each implementation is derived, and the strengths and weaknesses of our solution are explored. Finally, a root cause analysis for the problem of COTS interface architectures implementation in the support equipment environment will be presented. C1 Ogden Air Logist Ctr, Software Engn Div OO ALC TIST, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Roosendaal, KF (reprint author), Ogden Air Logist Ctr, Software Engn Div OO ALC TIST, 7278 4th St, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7837-7 PY 2003 BP 496 EP 501 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BX81D UT WOS:000186501400075 ER PT B AU Howard, JH AF Howard, JH GP IEEE IEEE TI Acquisition of commercial items by family SO AUTOTESTCON 2003, PROCEEDINGS: FUTURE SUSTAINMENT FOR MILITARY AND AEROSPACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2003 Conference CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Orange Country Sect C1 Warner Robins Air Logist Ctr, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Howard, JH (reprint author), Warner Robins Air Logist Ctr, 395 Byron St, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7837-7 PY 2003 BP 609 EP 616 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BX81D UT WOS:000186501400092 ER PT B AU Douglass, K Worley, J Stehle, C AF Douglass, K Worley, J Stehle, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Lessons learned by an integrated product team when selecting software and replacing aging automated test systems SO AUTOTESTCON 2003, PROCEEDINGS: FUTURE SUSTAINMENT FOR MILITARY AND AEROSPACE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AUTOTESTCON 2003 Conference CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Orange Country Sect AB When tasked to ensure the Minuteman Intercontinental Ballistic Missile system remain fully operational and supportable through 2020, the Air Force realized that the support capability of its legacy Automated Test System for the operational ground support electronics subsystem would need to be completely replaced. The legacy test system, while fully operational, was rapidly becoming non-supportable. Unless replaced with new hardware and upgraded test program sets, the needed long-term support could not be provided to the weapon system. To address this issue within the scope of available program funding constraints, the Air Force selected an approach of combining the technical and programmatic expertise of the weapon system Prime Contractor, the program control responsibilities of the weapon system Program Office, and the technical capability of an Air Force technical organization. The program was divided into a Prototype phase and a Production/Rehost phase. This paper gives an overview of the program and presents valuable lessons learned during the Prototype phase. C1 OO ALC MASMA, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Douglass, K (reprint author), OO ALC MASMA, 7278 4th St, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7837-7 PY 2003 BP 694 EP 698 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Computer Science GA BX81D UT WOS:000186501400106 ER PT J AU Webb, JT Kannan, N Pilmanis, AA AF Webb, JT Kannan, N Pilmanis, AA TI Gender not a factor for altitude decompression sickness risk SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE altitude decompression sickness; venous gas emboli; gender; body mass index; fitness; age; menstrual cycle ID 100-PERCENT OXYGEN; THRESHOLD AB Introduction: Early, retrospective reports of the incidence of altitude decompression sickness (DCS) during altitude chamber training exposures indicated that women were more susceptible than men. We hypothesized that a controlled, prospective study would show no significant difference. Methods: We conducted 25 altitude chamber decompression exposure profiles. A total of 291 human subjects, 197 men and 94 women, underwent 961 exposures to simulated altitude for up to 8 h, using zero to 4 h of preoxygenation. Throughout the exposures, subjects breathed 100% oxygen, rested or performed mild or strenuous exercise, and were monitored for precordial venous gas emboli (VGE) and DCS symptoms. Results: No significant differences in DCS incidence were observed between men (49.5%) and women (45.3%). However, VGE occurred at significantly higher rates among men than women under the same exposure conditions, 69.3% and 55.0% respectively. Women using hormonal contraception showed significantly greater susceptibility to DCS than those not using hormonal contraception during the latter two weeks of the menstrual cycle. Significantly higher DCS incidence was observed in the heaviest men, in women with the highest body fat, and in subjects with the highest body mass indices and lowest levels of fitness. Conclusion: No differences in altitude DCS incidence were observed between the sexes under our test conditions, although men developed VGE more often than women. Age and height showed no significant influence on DCS incidence, but persons of either sex with higher body mass index and lower physical fitness developed DCS more frequently. C1 Wyle Labs Life Sci Syst & Serv Inc, AF Res Lab, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. Univ Texas, Div Math & Stat, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. AFRL High Altitude Protect Res, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Webb, JT (reprint author), Wyle Labs Life Sci Syst & Serv Inc, AF Res Lab, 13818 Chittim Oak, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 2 EP 10 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 632BT UT WOS:000180204100001 PM 12546293 ER PT J AU Balldin, UI Derefeldt, G Eriksson, L Werchan, PM Andersson, P Yates, JT AF Balldin, UI Derefeldt, G Eriksson, L Werchan, PM Andersson, P Yates, JT TI Color vision with rapid-onset acceleration SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE color vision; color perception; color identification; hue shifts; acceleration; G-load ID INFORMATION DISPLAY; PERIPHERAL RETINA; BASIC COLORS; APPEARANCE; MACAQUE; CORTEX AB Introduction: Only sporadic information exists concerning perceived color shifts at increased G-loads. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not color vision is affected by rapid onset high Gz-loads up to +9 Gz, and specifically whether perception of hue changes. Methods: There were 10 male subjects, 9 with normal color vision and 1 with red-green protanomaly, all accustomed to Gz-loads in a human centrifuge. Each subject was tested on a total of 60 Gz-exposures with 10 s periods at +3, +5, +7, and +9 Gz in the centrifuge on three different days. G-onset rate was 6 G . s(-1). The subjects wore an anti-G suit and performed straining maneuvers if necessary to maintain vision. Five square color stimuli of medium saturation (yellow, red, blue, green, and gray) were projected one at a time on a screen in front of the subject, who gave his hue response orally. Results: In 96.6% of exposures to various Gz-loads, the subjects responded by correctly naming colors. (The statistical analyses of the results were done for the subjects with normal color vision, with the protanomalous subject excluded.) Hue shifts occurred at the higher +Gz-levels, including 7.7% of the +9 Gz exposures. Yellow was the hue most frequently perceived as changed. Hue shifts were reported for yellow in 11% and 16% of the +7 and +9 Gz exposures, respectively. Hue shifts at +9 Gz occurred as frequently as blackout and G-LOC together. However, statistical analyses showed no significant effects for +Gz-local. Conclusions: Absolute identification of the color stimuli of medium saturation was stable and was not significantly affected by the rapid onset +Gz-loads up to and including +9 Gz. C1 Wyle Labs Inc, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Swedish Def Res Agcy, FOI, Linkoping, Sweden. AF Res Lab, Biodynam & Protect Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Ophthalmol Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Balldin, UI (reprint author), AF Res Lab HEP, Wyle Labs, 2504 Gillingham Dr,Suite 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 632BT UT WOS:000180204100004 PM 12546296 ER PT S AU Suter, BW AF Suter, BW BE Suresh, R TI Integrated communications and exploitation SO BATTLESPACE DIGITIZATION AND NETWORK-CENTRIC SYSTEMS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Battlespace Digitization and Network-Centric Systems III CY APR 23-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID CONVOLUTIONAL-CODES AB Integrated Communications and Exploitation (ICE) is defined as "systems that provide end-to-end optimization from the output of the sensor to the exploitation analyst." ICE applies to the key phases of a military operation (e.g. intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, targeting, battle damage assessment, etc.). Recently, DoD reports, such as Network Centric Warfare, are beginning to emerge that characterize the importance of information superiority and of the Integrated Communications and Exploitation (ICE) problem space and offer recommendations and plan to address them. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Suter, BW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4961-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5101 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.1117/12.487780 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BX38K UT WOS:000185092300029 ER PT S AU Larson, CW Mead, FB Kalliomaa, WM AF Larson, CW Mead, FB Kalliomaa, WM BE Pakhomov, AV TI Energy conversion in laser propulsion III SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion CY NOV 05-07, 2002 CL UNIV ALABAMA, HUNTSVILLE, AL SP NASA George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NASA Exptl Program Stimulate Competit Res, Alabama Space Grant Consortium, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Univ Alabama Huntsville, Propuls Res Ctr, Seoul Natl Univ, BK-21 Mech Engn Res Div, Rensselaer Polytech Inst HO UNIV ALABAMA AB Conversion of pulses of CO2 laser energy (18 microsecond pulses) to propellant kinetic energy was studied in a Myrabo Laser Lightcraft (MLL) operating with laser heated STP air and laser ablated delrin propellants. The MLL incorporates an inverted parabolic reflector that focuses laser energy into a toroidal volume where it is absorbed by a unit of propellant mass that subsequently expands in the geometry of the plug nozzle aerospike. With Delrin propellant, measurements of the coupling coefficients and the ablated mass as a function of laser pulse energy showed that the efficiency of conversion of laser energy to propellant kinetic energy was similar to 54%. With STP air, direct experimental measurement of efficiency was not possible because the propellant mass associated with measured coupling coefficients was not known. Thermodynamics predicted that the upper limit of the efficiency of conversion of the internal energy of laser heated air to jet kinetic energy, alpha, is similar to 0.30 for EQUILIBRIUM expansion to I bar pressure. For FROZEN expansion alpha similar to 0.27. These upper limit efficiencies are nearly independent of the initial specific energy from 1 to 110 MJ/kg. With heating of air at its Mach 5 stagnation density (5.9 kg/m(3) as compared to STP air density of 1.18 kg/m(3)) these efficiencies increase to about 0.55 (equilibrium) and 0.45 (frozen). Optimum blowdown from 1.18 kg/m(3) to 1 bar occurs with expansion ratios 1.5 to 4 as internal energy increases from 1 to 100 MJ/kg. Optimum expansion from the higher density state requires larger expansion ratios, 8 to 32. Expansion of laser ablated Delrin propellant appears to convert the absorbed laser energy more efficiently to jet kinetic energy because the effective density of the ablated gaseous Delrin is significantly greater than that of STP air. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Larson, CW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0126-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 664 BP 170 EP 181 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BW81G UT WOS:000183255300016 ER PT B AU Runyan, CN Fonseca, VP Hunter, C AF Runyan, CN Fonseca, VP Hunter, C BE Cummings, NA ODonohue, WT Ferguson, KE TI Integrating consultative behavioral healthcare into the Air Force Medical System SO BEHAVIORAL HEALTH AS PRIMARY CARE: BEYOND EFFICACY TO EFFECTIVENESS SE HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION AND COST SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Reno Conference on the Integration of Behavioral Health in Primary Care CY MAY 17-18, 2002 CL Univ Nevada, Reno, NV SP Nicholas & Dorothy Cummings Fdn HO Univ Nevada ID DEPRESSION AB While other chapters of this book have focused on the logic, science, and overarching issues pertaining to integrated care, this chapter will explore how one system has used many of the principles previously described to integrate behavioral health providers into primary care using a consultative approach. After providing some background about the Air Force Medical Service (AFMS), this chapter will describe the planning, development, and implementation of an integrative care initiative using the "Seven Habits of Highly Successful Integrated Care Programs" framework previously introduced by Kirk Strosahl, Ph.D. A description of the training process that has been developed as well as preliminary outcomes from this project will be discussed. C1 USAF, Med Serv Populat Hlth Support Div, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CONTEXT PRESS PI RENO PA 933 GEAR STREET, RENO, NV 89503-2729 USA BN 1-878978-45-4 J9 HLTHC UTIL PY 2003 VL 6 BP 145 EP 163 PG 19 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA BBL36 UT WOS:000226011000007 ER PT J AU Heynick, LN Merritt, JH AF Heynick, LN Merritt, JH TI Radiofrequency fields and teratogenesis SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Setting a Science-Based Standard for Safe Human Exposure to RF Electromagneticn Fields - A Tribute to Eleanor R Adair CY 2002 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP USAF Res Lab DE thermogenic effects; nonthermal effects; epidemiologic findings; radiofrequency radiation; lethality ID FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; 2.45-GHZ MICROWAVE-RADIATION; 2450-MHZ CW MICROWAVES; LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE; JAPANESE-QUAIL; INTRAUTERINE DEVELOPMENT; INUTERO EXPOSURE; FEMALE PHYSIOTHERAPISTS; MORPHOLOGIC ANALYSIS; PROTRACTED EXPOSURE AB Experimental studies that sought teratologic effects or developmental abnormalities from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RFEMF) in the range 3 kHz-300 GHz are critically reviewed for their possible consequences on human health. Those studies were conducted on beetles, birds, rodents, and nonhuman primates. Collectively, those experimental studies indicate that teratologic effects can occur only from exposure levels that cause biologically detrimental increases in body temperature. No reliable experimental evidence was found for nonthermal teratologic effects; rodents, mouse fetuses, and perinatal mice are more susceptible to such effects than rats. The primary confirmed effect in rats at high RFEMF levels was initial weight deficits in fetuses and neonates that decreased with infant growth. More generally from findings with pregnant mammals, exposures at RFEMF levels far higher than those permitted under the IEEE human exposure guidelines are necessary to reach or exceed cited experimental thresholds for maternal temperature increases. Some results indicated that the levels necessary to cause such effects in pregnant mammals could exceed those lethal to the dams. In a behavioral study of squirrel monkeys, no effects were observed on usual dam-offspring interactions or EEGs, but unexpected deaths of a number of offspring had occurred. However, this finding was not confirmed in a study solely on infant death using a larger number of subjects for greater statistical validity. Also reviewed were epidemiologic studies of various human populations considered to have been chronically exposed to environmental levels of RFEMF. Early studies on the incidence of congenital anomalies yielded no credible evidence that chronic exposure of pregnant women or of fathers exposed to RFEMF from nearby sources at levels below those guidelines would cause any anomalies in their offspring. The findings of studies on pregnancy outcomes of female physiotherapists occupationally exposed while treating patients with RFEMF were mixed, but taken collectively, the findings were negative. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Heynick, LN (reprint author), 833 Richardson Ct, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 2003 SU 6 BP S174 EP S186 DI 10.1002/bem.10127 PG 13 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 753YY UT WOS:000187277000013 ER PT J AU Heynick, LN Johnston, SA Mason, PA AF Heynick, LN Johnston, SA Mason, PA TI Radio frequency electromagnetic fields: Cancer, mutagenesis, and genotoxicity SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Setting a Science-Based Standard for Safe Human Exposure to RF Electromagneticn Fields - A Tribute to Eleanor R Adair CY 2002 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP USAF Res Lab DE cancer; carcinogenesis; electromagnetic field; epidemiology; genotoxicity; mutagenesis ID RAT-BRAIN CELLS; UNITED-STATES-NAVY; MODULATED RADIOFREQUENCY FIELD; LEUKEMIA FOLLOWING EXPOSURE; SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS; SUTTON COLDFIELD TRANSMITTER; E-MU-PIM1 TRANSGENIC MICE; GHZ MICROWAVE-RADIATION; HIGH-POWER TRANSMITTERS; CELLULAR-TELEPHONE USE AB We present critiques of epidemiologic studies and experimental investigations, published mostly in peer-reviewed journals, on cancer and related effects from exposure to nonionizing electromagnetic fields in the nominal frequency range of 3 kHz to 300 GHz of interest to Subcommittee 4 (SC4) of the International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (ICES). The major topics discussed are presented under the headings Epidemiologic and Other Findings on Human Exposure, Mammals Exposed In Vivo, Mammalian Live Tissues and Cell Preparations Exposed In Vitro, and Mutagenesis and Genotoxicity in Microorganisms and Fruit Flies. Under each major topic, we present minireviews of papers on various specific endpoints investigated. The section on Epidemiologic and Other Findings on Human Exposure is divided into two subsections, the first on possible carcinogenic effects of exposure from emitters not in physical contact with the populations studied, for example, transmitting antennas and other devices. Discussed in the second subsection are studies of postulated carcinogenic effects from use of mobile phones, with prominence given to brain tumors from use of cellular and cordless telephones in direct physical contact with an ear of each subject. In both subsections, some investigations yielded positive findings, others had negative findings, including papers directed toward experimentally verifying positive findings, and both were reported in a few instances. Further research on various important aspects may resolve such differences. Overall, however, the preponderance of published epidemiologic and experimental findings do not support the supposition that in vivo or in vitro exposures to such fields are carcinogenic. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Heynick, LN (reprint author), 833 Richardson Court, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. NR 131 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 2003 SU 6 BP S74 EP S100 DI 10.1002/bem.10162 PG 27 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 753YY UT WOS:000187277000008 ER PT J AU Murphy, MR AF Murphy, MR TI Dedication: Eleanor Reed Adair SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Books City Base, TX USA. RP Murphy, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 8315 Hawks Rd, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM michael.murphy@he.brooks.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 2003 SU 6 BP S1 EP S2 DI 10.1002/bem.10152 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 753YY UT WOS:000187277000001 ER PT J AU Casebeer, WD Churchland, PS AF Casebeer, WD Churchland, PS TI The neural mechanisms of moral cognition: A multiple-aspect approach to moral judgment and decision-making SO BIOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY LA English DT Article DE affect; amygdala; ethics; evolution; hippocampus; moral cognition; moral psychology; naturalization; neuroscience; neurobiology; prefrontal cortex; theory of mind ID ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; HUMAN PREFRONTAL CORTEX; DAMAGE; NEUROSCIENCE; AMYGDALA; EMOTION; BRAIN; FMRI; COOPERATION; IMPAIRMENT AB We critically review the mushrooming literature addressing the neural mechanisms of moral cognition (NMMC), reaching the following broad conclusions: (1) research mainly focuses on three inter-related categories: the moral emotions, moral social cognition, and abstract moral reasoning. (2) Research varies in terms of whether it deploys ecologically valid or experimentally simplified conceptions of moral cognition. The more ecologically valid the experimental regime, the broader the brain areas involved. (3) Much of the research depends on simplifying assumptions about the domain of moral reasoning that are motivated by the need to make experimental progress. This is a valuable beginning, but as more is understood about the neural mechanisms of decision-making, more realistic conceptions will need to replace the simplified conceptions. (4) The neural correlates of real-life moral cognition are unlikely to consist in anything remotely like a "moral module" or a "morality center." Moral representations, deliberations and decisions are probably highly distributed and not confined to any particular brain sub-system. Discovering the basic neural principles governing planning, judgment and decision-making will require vastly more basic research in neuroscience, but correlating activity in certain brain regions with well-defined psychological conditions helps guide neural level research. Progress on social phenomena will also require theoretical innovation in understanding the brain's distinctly biological form of computation that is anchored by emotions, needs, drives, and the instinct for survival. C1 USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFPY, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Philosophy Dept 0119, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Casebeer, WD (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFPY, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 1A10, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM William.casebeer@usafa.af.mil; pschurchland@ucsd.edu NR 68 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 6 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3867 J9 BIOL PHILOS JI Biol. Philos. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 169 EP 194 DI 10.1023/A:1023380907603 PG 26 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 668CL UT WOS:000182272700007 ER PT B AU Rogers, S Scarpino, F AF Rogers, S Scarpino, F GP IEEE IEEE TI Integrated multifunctional reprogrammable "MEMS deformable mirror" and "3D phase retrieval" based adaptive optic system implementations SO BOSTON TRANSDUCERS'03: DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 03) CY JUN 08-12, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc AB The integration of multi-functional and reconfigurable aspects into adaptive optics systems is novel for the Micro-electro-mechanical Deformable Mirror (MEM-DM) based applications being presented [1]. It reduces the complexity, cost, size, and maintenance of the system, while increasing real-time flexibility. Multi-functional implies the inherent non-physical reordering of system aspects to produce desired outputs within a self contained autonomous operating system. Traditional solutions to, adaptive optic systems required changing equipment (LCD's for Beam Shaping, Beam Splitters for Beam Splitting, Gimbaled mechanical devices for beam steering, etc.), which is not required with this innovative system design [2,3]. Re-configurable implies the ability to continuously change the systematic operation of an autonomous system through intervention of logic that is designed proactively within the system that is reprogrammable in the field by remote configuration downloads via wireless and/or direct conductive media. The introduction of the 3-D Advanced Optical Phased Array (AOPA) and Phase Retrieval Techniques provides the engine that enables these advancements once applied to the MEM-DM array. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rogers, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7731-1 PY 2003 BP 1510 EP 1513 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX19B UT WOS:000184567300379 ER PT J AU O'Brien, K Sweeney, BF Conger, N Fischer, JR Lang, KA AF O'Brien, K Sweeney, BF Conger, N Fischer, JR Lang, KA TI Prevalence of proximal adenomas after an adenoma is found on flexible sigmoidoscopy SO CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE colorectal neoplasms; colonic polyps; adenomatous polyps; sigmoidoscopy ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; SCREENING SIGMOIDOSCOPY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; COLONOSCOPIC POLYPECTOMY; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS; HYPERPLASTIC POLYPS; DIMINUTIVE POLYPS; COLONIC NEOPLASIA; RANDOMIZED TRIAL AB Background: Adenomatous polyps are a precursor of colorectal cancer and a frequent finding on screening flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS). Performance of colonoscopy when a diminutive (<6 mm) adenoma is found on FS has been the subject of considerable debate. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data from our colorectal cancer screening program for patients with adenoma(s) found on FS. Patients were divided into three groups based on FS findings: (1) an adenoma <6 mm in size, (2) multiple non-advanced adenomas or an adenoma 6-10 mm in size, or (3) advanced adenoma defined as an adenoma >10 mm or with villous histology or high-grade dysplasia or cancer. A comparison of the proximal findings was then made. Results: 5291 FS reports were reviewed with 606 (12%) patients having at least one adenoma. Colonoscopy reports were available in 550 patients. Of the 258 patients with a diminutive distal adenoma, 69 (27%) had a proximal adenoma and 13 (5%) had an advanced proximal adenoma on colonoscopy. Of the 164 patients with an adenoma 6-10 mm or multiple non-advanced adenomas, 59 (36%) had a proximal adenoma and 13 (8%) had an advanced proximal adenoma. Of the 128 patients with a distal advanced adenoma, 58 (45%) had a proximal adenoma and 15 (12%) had an advanced proximal adenoma. The increase in proximal adenomas across the three groups was significant (P = 0.001), and there was a trend for increased prevalence of advanced adenomas (P = 0.061). Conclusions: The prevalence of proximal adenomas increased significantly with more advanced lesions found distally at FS, and there was a trend towards a higher prevalence of advanced proximal adenomas. Based on current guidelines, flexible sigmoidoscopy is a screening option that can be used to identify average-risk patients at increased risk of proximal neoplasia. (C) 2003 International Society for Preventive Oncology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Elmendorf AFB, Dept Gastroenterol, Anchorage, AK USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP O'Brien, K (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Div Gen Internal Med, MDC 80,12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. NR 58 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-090X J9 CANCER DETECT PREV JI Cancer Detect. Prev. PY 2003 VL 27 IS 4 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1016/S0361-090X(03)00099-0 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 713HA UT WOS:000184850400004 PM 12893073 ER PT J AU Strong, KL Anderson, DP Lafdi, K Kuhn, JN AF Strong, KL Anderson, DP Lafdi, K Kuhn, JN TI Purification process for single-wall carbon nanotubes SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; Raman spectroscopy; thermal analysis; transmission electron microscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID RESONANT RAMAN-SCATTERING; HIGH-YIELD PURIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH; MODES AB Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have exceptional strength and stiffness and high thermal and electrical conductivity, making them excellent candidates for aerospace structural materials. However, one of the most fundamental challenges is purifying the SWNTs. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple purification process for SWNTs, along with an understanding of the purification process. In addition, uncomplicated analytical methods were sought to screen and compare various purification methods. In this study, we demonstrate an easy method of cleaning SWNTs and evaluating their purity. The cleaning method, which employed oxidative heat treatment followed by acid reflux, was straightforward, inexpensive, and fairly effective. The purification mechanism was determined to be, first, that much of the non-nanotube carbon and iron catalyst was oxidized and, second, that the acid washing removed the iron oxide, leaving relatively pure SWNTs. Also, it was shown that a combination of thermal gravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy, both of which take only a few minutes and require little sample preparation, are sufficient as qualitative screening tools to determine the relative purity of SWNTs. Other analytical techniques were used to verify the validity of the screening techniques. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Strong, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBC, 2941 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM karla.strong@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1477 EP 1488 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00014-9 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 692RU UT WOS:000183674700002 ER PT J AU Strong, KL Anderson, DP Lafdi, K Kuhn, JN AF Strong, KL Anderson, DP Lafdi, K Kuhn, JN TI Purification process for single-wall carbon nanotubes (vol 41, pg 1477, 2003) SO CARBON LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Strong, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC, 2941 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2003 VL 41 IS 14 BP 2885 EP 2885 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00322-1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 737QT UT WOS:000186243800028 ER PT B AU Jackson, JT Gunsch, GH Claypoole, RL Lamont, GB AF Jackson, JT Gunsch, GH Claypoole, RL Lamont, GB GP IEEE TI Novel steganography detection using an artificial immune system approach SO CEC: 2003 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS AB Research in steganalysis is motivated by the concern that communications associated with illicit activity could be hidden in seemingly innocent electronic transactions. By developing defensive tools before steganographic communication grows, computer security professionals may be better prepared for the threat. This research investigated an artificial immune system approach to novel steganography detection for digital images. The results show promising detection and false positive rates. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Eglin Blvd,Suite 306, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM jacob.jackson@eglin.af.mil; gregg.gunsch@afit.edu; roger.claypoole@afit.edu; gary.lamont@afit.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7804-0 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2003 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1109/CEC.2003.1299567 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAC45 UT WOS:000221532900019 ER PT B AU Knarr, MR Goltz, MN Lamont, GB Huang, J AF Knarr, MR Goltz, MN Lamont, GB Huang, J GP IEEE TI In situ bioremediation of perchlorate-contaminated groundwater using a multi-objective parallel evolutionary algorithm SO CEC: 2003 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA AB Combining horizontal flow treatment wells (HFTWs) with in situ biodegradation is an innovative approach with the potential to remediate perchlorate-contaminated groundwater. A model has been developed that combines the groundwater flow induced by HFTWs with biodegradation processes that result from using the HFTWs to mix electron donor into perchlorate-contaminated groundwater. The model can be used to select engineering design parameters that optimize performance under given site conditions. In particular, one desires to design a system that 1) maximizes perchlorate destruction, 2) minimizes treatment expense, and 3) attains regulatory limits on downgradient contaminant concentrations. Unfortunately, for a relatively complex technology like in situ bioremediation, system optimization is not straightforward. In this study, a general multi-objective parallel evolutionary algorithm call GENMOP is developed and used to stochastically determine design parameter values (flow rate, well spacing, concentration of injected electron donor, and injection schedule) in order to maximize perchlorate destruction while minimizing cost. Results indicate that the relationship between perchlorate mass removal and operating cost is positively correlated and nonlinear. For equivalent operating times and costs, the solutions show that the technology achieves higher perchlorate mass removals for a site having both higher hydraulic conductivity as well as higher initial perchlorate concentrations. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Knarr, MR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7804-0 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2003 BP 1604 EP 1611 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAC45 UT WOS:000221532900217 ER PT B AU Caswell, DJ Lamont, GB AF Caswell, DJ Lamont, GB GP IEEE TI Distributed processor allocation for discrete event simulation and digital signal processing using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm SO CEC: 2003 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA AB The use of large scale distributed systems for multiple perhaps heterogenous applications is becoming more commonplace. The organizations that are utilizing these resources must ensure that the applications are executed in a timely manner without unnecessary wasting the resources available on the distributed system. Characteristics of two distributed computing applications are presented; large scale discrete event simulation and a real-time digital signal processing activity. A stochastic processor allocation algorithm is developed for assigning processes to processors in an effective and efficient manner based upon application characteristics. In particular, a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) is created in order to examine Pareto results for such diverse processor allocation. The results indicate that the focus of the two distinct applications and the associated respective optimal regions have distinct differences. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Caswell, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7804-0 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2003 BP 1803 EP 1810 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAC45 UT WOS:000221532900244 ER PT B AU Day, RO Kleeman, MP Lamont, GB AF Day, RO Kleeman, MP Lamont, GB GP IEEE TI Solving the multi-objective quadratic assignment problem using a fast messy genetic algorithm SO CEC: 2003 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA AB The multi-objective quadratic assignment problem is an NP-complete problem with a multitude of real-world applications. The specific application addressed in this paper is the minimization of communication flows in a heterogenous mix of unmanned aerial vehicles. Developed is a multi-objective approach to solving the general mQAP for this UAV application. The combinatoric nature of this problem calls for a stochastic search algorithm; moreover, the Multi-Objective fast messy Genetic Algorithm (MOMGA-II) [22] is used for experimentation. Results indicate that much of the Pareto optimal points are found. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Day, RO (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7804-0 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2003 BP 2277 EP 2283 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAC45 UT WOS:000221532900306 ER PT B AU Zydallis, JB Lamont, GB AF Zydallis, JB Lamont, GB GP IEEE TI Explicit building-block multiobjective evolutionary algorithms for NPC problems SO CEC: 2003 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA AB This research emphasizes explicit Building Block (BB) based MOEA performance with detailed symbolic representations. An explicit BB-based MOEA for solving constrained and real-world Multiple Objective Problems (MOPs) is developed, the Multiobjective Messy Genetic Algorithm II (MOMGA-II) in order to validate symbolic BB concepts. This algorithm provides insight into solving difficult NP-Complete MOPs that are generally not realized through the use of implicit BB-based MOEA approaches. Specific constrained integer problem examples include advanced logistics and modified knapsack problems. A primary focus is on generic repair mechanisms for generating feasible solutions per generation. The insight provided is necessary to increase the effectiveness and efficiency over all possible MOEA approaches. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7804-0 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2003 BP 2685 EP 2695 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAC45 UT WOS:000221532900362 ER PT S AU Senft, DC Pierrottet, DF AF Senft, DC Pierrottet, DF BE Gardner, PJ TI Comparison of radiometric and chemical detection sensitivities for heterodyne and direct detection dial SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing IV CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE lidar; DIAL; heterodyne DIAL; direct detection DIAL; chemical detection ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; SYSTEM AB A high repetition rate, wavelength agile CO2 laser has been developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory for use as a local oscillator in a heterodyne detection receiver. Rapid wavelength selection is required for measurements of airborne chemical vapors using the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique. Acousto-optic modulators are used in the local oscillator to tune between different wavelengths at high speeds (greater than 100 Hz) without the need for moving mechanical parts. Other advantages obtained by the use of acousto-optic modulators are laser output power control per wavelength and rugged packaging for field applications. A series of experiments to simultaneously characterize the radiometric and chemical detection sensitivities of heterodyne and direct detection DIAL systems is being performed at Kirtland AFB, NM, and will be described. The wavelength agile local oscillator (WALO) has been incorporated into a heterodyne receiver, with the Laser Airborne Remote Sensing (LARS) system providing the laser transmitter and direct detection receiver. The experiment series is studying radiometric issues, spread spectrum operation, the effects of target-induced speckle, and the influence of atmospheric turbulence for both detection mechanisms. Direct comparisons of the heterodyne and direct detection results will be presented, and the results will also be discussed in terms of the implications for fielding operational DLAL systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, LROS Program, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Senft, DC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, LROS Program, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4944-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5085 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.487326 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX58F UT WOS:000185757900010 ER PT S AU Senft, DC Pierrottet, DF AF Senft, DC Pierrottet, DF BE Jensen, JO Theriault, JM TI Comparison of radiometric and chemical detection sensitivities for heterodyne and direct detection dial SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STANDOFF DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection CY OCT 28-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE lidar; DIAL; heterodyne DIAL; direct detection DIAL; chemical detection ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM AB A high repetition rate, wavelength agile CO2 laser has been developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory for use as a local oscillator in a heterodyne detection receiver. Rapid wavelength selection is required for measurements of airborne chemical vapors using the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique. Acousto-optic modulators are used in the local oscillator to tune between different wavelengths at high speeds (greater than 100 Hz) without the need for moving mechanical parts. Other advantages obtained by the use of acousto-optic modulators are laser output power control per wavelength and rugged packaging for field applications. A series of experiments to simultaneously characterize the radiometric and chemical detection sensitivities of heterodyne and direct detection DIAL systems is being performed at Kirtland AFB, NM, and will be described. The wavelength agile local oscillator (WALO) has been incorporated into a heterodyne receiver, with the Laser Airborne Remote Sensing (LARS) system providing the laser transmitter and direct detection receiver. The experiment series is studying radiometric issues, spread spectrum operation, the effects of target-induced speckle, and the influence of atmospheric turbulence for both detection mechanisms. Measurements are being performed over a horizontal path at standoff ranges of 4 to 15 km, using both natural and man-made targets. Comparisons of the heterodyne and direct detection radiometric and chemometric results will be presented, and contrasted with predictions from simulations and models. The results will also be discussed in terms of the implications for fielding operational DIAL systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Laser Remote Opt Sensing LROS Program, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Senft, DC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Laser Remote Opt Sensing LROS Program, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5157-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5268 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.518593 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BY76U UT WOS:000189458300017 ER PT J AU Naik, RR Whitlock, PW Rodriguez, F Brott, LL Glawe, DD Clarson, SJ Stone, MO AF Naik, RR Whitlock, PW Rodriguez, F Brott, LL Glawe, DD Clarson, SJ Stone, MO TI Controlled formation of biosilica structures in vitro SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID WALL MORPHOGENESIS; SILICA; DIATOMS AB Herein we describe the controlled formation of biosilica structures by manipulation of the physical reaction environment; we were able to synthesize arched and elongated silica structures using a synthetic peptide; the results presented here are evidence that in vitro biocatalysis may be controlled in order to form desired silica structures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Engn Sci, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. RP Stone, MO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 2 BP 238 EP 239 DI 10.1039/b210635c PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 632XF UT WOS:000180249600032 PM 12585409 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Prazinko, B Caldwell, JL AF Caldwell, JA Prazinko, B Caldwell, JL TI Body posture affects electroencephalographic activity and psychomotor vigilance task performance in sleep-deprived subjects SO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body posture; electroencephalographic; sleep deprivation; psychomotor vigilance task; performance ID POSITION AB Objective: This study examined the effects of posture on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance in 16 sleep-deprived volunteers. Methods: EEG data were collected while participants completed 10 min PVTs under two counterbalanced sitting/standing conditions during 28 h of continuous wakefulness. Results: In both the sitting and standing conditions, theta activity progressively increased as a function of sleep loss, but standing upright significantly attenuated this effect, suggesting that alertness was improved by the more upright posture. The PVT results showed that cognitive psychomotor performance was maintained at nearly well-rested levels by standing upright, whereas reaction time and attention noticeably deteriorated when participants were seated. Conclusions: These results suggest that an upright posture increases EEG arousal and sustained attention, indicating that postural manipulations can be useful for counteracting fatigue in sleep-deprived individuals. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2485 Gillingham Dr,Suite 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM john.caldwell@brooks.af.mil NR 23 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1388-2457 J9 CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL JI Clin. Neurophysiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 114 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 AR PII S1388-2457(02)00283-3 DI 10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00283-3 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 636BN UT WOS:000180434800004 PM 12495760 ER PT S AU Aleva, DL Meyer, FM AF Aleva, DL Meyer, FM BE Hopper, DG TI Performance specification for control tower display systems SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays X CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE displays; display specification AB Personnel in airport control towers monitor and direct the takeoff of outgoing aircraft, landing of incoming aircraft and all movements of aircraft on the ground. Although the primary source of information for the Local Controller, Assistant Local Controller and the Ground Controller is the real world viewed through the windows of the control tower, electronic displays are also used to provide situation awareness. Due to the criticality of the work to be performed by the controllers and the rather unique environment of the air traffic control tower, display hardware standards, which have been developed for general use, are not directly applicable. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requested assistance of Air Force Research Laboratory Human Effectiveness Directorate in producing a document which can be adopted as a Tower Display Standard usable by display engineers. human factors practitioners and system integrators. Particular emphasis was placed on human factors issues applicable to the control tower environment and controller task demands. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Aleva, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4939-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5080 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1117/12.500910 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BX69P UT WOS:000186146100005 ER PT S AU Curry, DG Martinsen, G Hopper, DG AF Curry, DG Martinsen, G Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI Capability of the human visual system SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays X CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE human visual system; acuity; color; brightness; luminance; illuminance; contrast ratio; refresh rate; display ID WORK; CRT AB Much of the guidance provided to designers of visual displays is highly simplified because of historical limitations of visual display hardware and software. Vast improvements have been made in processors, communication channel bandwidth, and display screen performance over the past 10 years; and the pace of these visual system improvements is accelerating. It is now time to undertake a critical review of the true performance capability of the human visual system (HVS). Designers can now expect to realize systems that optimize (increase) worker productivity rather than minimize the negative impact on human effectiveness of hardware artifacts like low resolution-spatial, gray level, and temporal-relative to the real world. Myths and realities of human vision are examined to show where some assumptions used by designers are not based on solid research. Some needed new human vision studies are identified. An ideal display system is described that would enable, rather than limit, full exploitation of HVS capability. RP Curry, DG (reprint author), 2255 H St,Bldg 248, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4939-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5080 BP 58 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.502607 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BX69P UT WOS:000186146100007 ER PT S AU Jedrysik, PA Parada, FE Stedman, TA Zhang, JY AF Jedrysik, PA Parada, FE Stedman, TA Zhang, JY BE Hopper, DG TI Advanced interactive displays for deployable command and control centers SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays X CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE tiled display; datawall; portable large-screen display AB Command and control in today's battlefield environment requires efficient and effective control of massive amounts of constantly changing information from a variety of databases and real-time sensors. Using advanced information technology for presentation and interactive control enables more extensive data fusion and correlation to present an accurate picture of the battlespace to commanders and their staffs. The Interactive DataWall being developed by the Advanced Displays and Intelligent Interfaces (ADII) technology team of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Information Directorate (AFRL/IF) is a strong contender for solving the information management problems facing the 21st century military commander. It provides an ultra high-resolution large screen display with multi-modal, wireless interaction. Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology has been combined with specialized hardware and software developed in-house to provide a unique capability for multimedia data display and control. The technology once isolated to a laboratory environment has been packaged into deployable systems that have been successfully transitioned to support the warfighter in the field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFSB, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Jedrysik, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFSB, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4939-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5080 BP 260 EP 271 DI 10.1117/12.500961 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BX69P UT WOS:000186146100028 ER PT S AU Desjardins, DD Hopper, DG AF Desjardins, DD Hopper, DG BE Hopper, DG TI Military display market segment: wearable and portable SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays X CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE displays; market; military; wearable; portable; fielded systems; developmental systems; performance parameters AB The military display market (MDM) is analyzed in terms of one of its segments, wearable and portable displays. Wearable and portable displays are those embedded in gear worn or carried by warfighters. Categories include hand-mobile (direct-view and monocular/binocular), palm-held, head/helmet-mounted, body-strapped, knee-attached, lap-born, neck-lanyard, and pocket/backpack-stowed. Some 62 fielded and developmental display sizes are identified in this wearable/portable MDM segment. Parameters requiring special consideration, such as weight, luminance ranges, light emission, viewing angles, and chromaticity coordinates, are summarized and compared. Ruggedized commercial versus commercial off-the-shelf designs are contrasted; and a number of custom displays are also found in this MDM category. Display sizes having aggregate quantities of 5,000 units or greater or having 2 or more program applications are identified. Wearable and portable displays are also analyzed by technology (LCD, LED, CRT, OLED and plasma). The technical specifications and program history of several high-profile military programs are discussed to provide a systems context for some representative displays and their function. As of August 2002 our defense-wide military display market study has documented 438,882 total display units distributed across 1,163 display sizes and 438 weapon systems. Wearable and portable displays account for 202,593 displays (46% of total DoD) yet comprise just 62 sizes (5% of total DoD) in 120 weapons systems (27% of total DoD). Some 66% of these wearable and portable applications involve low information content displays comprising just a few characters in one color; however, there is an accelerating trend towards higher information content units capable of showing changeable graphics, color and video. RP Desjardins, DD (reprint author), 2255 H St,Bldg 248 Rm 300, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4939-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5080 BP 346 EP 360 DI 10.1117/12.500906 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BX69P UT WOS:000186146100037 ER PT S AU Daniel, BA Byrd, JC AF Daniel, BA Byrd, JC BE Hopper, DG TI Color difference analysis of primary flight displays SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays X CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE displays; CIELUV; delta E*; delta E star; color; color separation; primary flight displays; PFD; CIE L*; CIE AB This paper explains the use of CIELUV delta E* calculations for the optimization of colors for avionic displays serving as primary flight displays (PFD). It explains how to choose a white reference, and over what range to use the equations, to get consistent results. Example delta E* values that could be achieved on a typical primary flight display are provided, along with a recommendation of what represents "clearly discriminable" colors. A spreadsheet implementing the delta E* equations is available to simplify the calculations and present the results in graphical form. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Daniel, BA (reprint author), USAF, 2530 Loop Rd W, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4939-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5080 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1117/12.502614 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BX69P UT WOS:000186146100038 ER PT J AU Bechel, VT Fredin, MB Donaldson, SL Kim, RY Camping, JD AF Bechel, VT Fredin, MB Donaldson, SL Kim, RY Camping, JD TI Effect of stacking sequence on micro-cracking in a cryogenically cycled carbon/bismaleimide composite SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE cryogenic cycling; carbon fiber; bismaleimide resin; micro-cracking ID TRANSVERSE CRACKING; MATRIX CRACKING; MICROCRACKING; FATIGUE; DEGRADATION; STRENGTH; DAMAGE AB An apparatus was developed to thermally cycle coupon-sized mechanical test specimens to - 196 degreesC. Using this device, IM7/5250-4 carbon/bismaleiraide cross-ply ([0/90](2S) and [90/0/90/0/90/0/90/0/90]) and quasi-isotropic ([0/45/ - 45/90](S)) laminates were submerged in liquid nitrogen (LN2) and returned to room temperature 400 times. Ply-by-ply micro-crack density (transverse cracks), micro-crack span, laminate modulus, and laminate strength were measured as a function of thermal cycles. The composite micro-cracked extensively in the surface plies followed by sparse micro-cracking of the inner plies. The tensile strength of the two blocked lay-ups (lay-ups with adjacent plies of the same orientation) decreased by 8.5% after 400 cycles. Sectioning of the samples revealed that the micro-cracks in the surface plies spanned the full width of the sample while many of the micro-cracks observed on the edge of the inner plies did not extend to the center of the samples, implying that a rectangular specimen with exposed free edges may result in a significantly different micro-crack density than a sample without free edges. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bechel, VT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 42 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 7 BP 663 EP 672 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(03)00054-4 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 688KU UT WOS:000183434600010 ER PT J AU Olsson, R Iwarsson, J Melin, LG Sjogren, A Solti, J AF Olsson, R Iwarsson, J Melin, LG Sjogren, A Solti, J TI Experiments and analysis of laminates with artificial damage SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); strength; elastic properties; finite element analysis (FEA); stress concentrations ID POSTIMPACT COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; PREDICTION; COMPOSITES; FRACTURE; GROWTH AB Quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy laminates with holes, polymer plugs and cut fibres are studied experimentally and analytically. Strain fields are measured using digital speckle photography. The results are used to validate an inverse method, where elastic properties of inclusions are determined by matching computed and measured displacements. Tensile and compressive strength is measured and the applicability of notch failure criteria to soft inclusions is examined. Available closed form solutions agree well with measured strains. The elastic properties predicted by the inverse method are in fairly good agreement with data from coupon tests although predictions are sensitive to measuring errors. The laminate toughness in compression was higher than in tension, as expected from the different failure mechanisms (fibre kinking versus fibre tearing). Laminates with inclusions were tougher than laminates with holes, which, may indicate that inclusions restrain in-plane fibre kinking. Higher toughness was reflected in larger characteristic lengths. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Swedish Def Res Agcy FOI, Aeronaut Div, SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. SICOMP AB, SE-43122 Molndal, Sweden. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Olsson, R (reprint author), Swedish Def Res Agcy FOI, Aeronaut Div, SE-17290 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 63 IS 2 BP 199 EP 209 AR PII S0266-3538(02)00193-8 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00193-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 638NY UT WOS:000180578200006 ER PT S AU Fellows, JA Yeo, YK Ryu, MY Hengehold, RL Steiner, TD AF Fellows, JA Yeo, YK Ryu, MY Hengehold, RL Steiner, TD BE Ilegems, M Weimann, G Wagner, J TI Annealing studies of Si-implanted GaN by Hall-effect and photoluminescence measurements SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 2002 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Symposium on Compound Semicoductors CY OCT 07-10, 2002 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND ID ION-IMPLANTATION; ACTIVATION AB Electrical and optical activation studies of Si-implanted GaN have been made as a function of ion dose and anneal temperature. Si implantation was done at 25 and 800 degreesC with doses ranging from 5x10(14) to 5x10(15) cm(-2) at 200 keV. The samples were proximity cap annealed from 1050 to 1350 degreesC with a 500-Angstrom-thick AlN cap in a nitrogen environment. A 100% electrical activation was obtained for the samples implanted with doses of 1x10(15) and 5x10(15) cm(-2) and annealed at 1350 degreesC. The mobility generally increased with anneal temperature and with decreasing dose, and the highest mobility obtained at 25 degreesC was 117 cm(2)/V.s for this dose range. Photoluminescence measurements show a reasonably sharp bound exciton peak after annealing at 1350 degreesC for 17 s, indicating an excellent implantation damage recovery. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Fellows, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0942-3 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2003 VL 174 BP 49 EP 52 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BAN50 UT WOS:000222970500012 ER PT S AU Robertson, MA Heath, TS AF Robertson, MA Heath, TS BE Bouman, CA Stevenson, RL TI Mosaics from MPEG-2 video SO COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Imaging CY JAN 23-24, 2003 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE mosaic; panorama; MPEG-2; motion imagery exploitation; airborne surveillance; compressed domain processing AB Construction of panoramic mosaics from video is well established in both the research and commercial communities, but current methods generally perform the time-consuming registration procedure entirely from the sequence's pixel data. Video sequences usually exist in compressed format, often MPEG-2; while specialized hardware and highly-optimized software can often quickly create accurate mosaics from a video sequence's pixels, these products do not make efficient use of all information available in a compressed video stream. In particular, MPEG video files generally contain significant information about global camera motion in their motion vectors. This paper describes how to exploit the motion vector information so that global motion can be estimated extremely quickly and accurately, which leads to accurate panoramic mosaics. The major obstacle in generating mosaics with this method is variable quality of MPEG motion vectors, both within a stream from a particular MPEG encoder and between streams compressed with different encoders. The paper discusses methods of robustly estimating global camera motion from the observed motion vectors, including the use of least absolute value estimators, variable model order for global camera motion, and motion vector weighting depending on their estimated accuracy. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFEC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Robertson, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFEC, 32 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4816-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5016 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1117/12.479706 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX21D UT WOS:000184614400019 ER PT B AU Liu, CT Yang, JN AF Liu, C. T. Yang, J. N. BE Spanos, PD Deodatis, G TI Strain rate effect on equivalent initial flaw size in a particulate composite material SO COMPUTATIONAL STOCHASTIC MECHANICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Stochastic Mechanics CY JUN 09-SEP 12, 2002 CL Corfu, GREECE SP USN, Off Naval Res, Rice Univ, Brown Sch Engn AB In this study, the effect of strain rate on the equivalent initial flaw size in a particulate composite material is investigated. Experimental tests were conducted at two different strain rates using coupon specimens to generate statistically meaningful data for time to failure. Then, the crack growth analyses were conducted to determine the equivalent initial flaw sizes. The results of statistical analyses indicate that the equivalent initial flaw size is insensitive to the strain rate, and the second asymptotic distribution of maximum value is recommended to represent its distribution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-74-7 PY 2003 BP 381 EP 386 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA BEU23 UT WOS:000239514500045 ER PT J AU Lovell, TA AF Lovell, TA TI Application of genetic algorithms to state estimation of tethered systems SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ORBIT DETERMINATION; SATELLITE; IDENTIFICATION AB The class of intelligent systems tools known as genetic algorithms is applied to the problem of state estimation, specifically, to predict the orbital dynamics of a tethered satellite system. Emphasis here is placed on cases of tethered motion in which only a short arc of observational data is available. For several example cases of tethered system motion, the performance of a genetic algorithm-based method is compared with that of a conventional differential corrections filtering technique. Measures of comparison include orbit determination accuracy, computational speed, and overall ease of use. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved, C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSSW, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lovell, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSSW, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2003 VL 192 IS 15 BP 1799 EP 1819 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(03)00202-0 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 665DD UT WOS:000182103600001 ER PT J AU Deckro, RF Hebert, JE AF Deckro, RF Hebert, JE TI Modeling diminishing returns in project resource planning SO COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE modeling; project management; mathematical programming; resource planning AB This paper presents a series of approaches that offer a variety of options for modeling project scheduling in situations involving diminishing returns from increasing allocations of resources. The models allow the analyst to balance activity durations and costs to attain an optimal allocation of resources and activity times. A base example is utilized throughout the development to illustrate the approaches. A linear approximation model is developed, followed by a non-linear model, and finally a discrete multi-modal model. A key feature of all of these models is that the relationship between the duration of an activity and the resources allocated to it are incorporated directly into the constraints of the models. The paper concludes with several suggestions of areas for future research, including potential approaches for the solution of large, operational problems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Akron, Coll Business Adm, Dept Management, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Deckro, RF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-8352 J9 COMPUT IND ENG JI Comput. Ind. Eng. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 19 EP 33 AR PII S0360-8352(02)00182-1 DI 10.1016/S0360-8352(02)00182-1 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 623CZ UT WOS:000179686800002 ER PT S AU Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC AF Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC BE Matthews, MB TI Radar applications of low rank signal processing methods SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID INVARIANT RANDOM-PROCESSES; COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; MATRIX; APPROXIMATION AB This paper addresses the problem of radar target detection in severely heterogeneous clutter environments. Specifically we present the performance of the normalized matched filter (NMF) test in a background of disturbance consisting of clutter having a covariance matrix with known structure and unknown scaling plus background white Gaussian noise. It is shown that when the clutter covariance matrix is low rank, the NMF test retains invariance with respect to the unknown scaling as well as the background noise level and is approximately CFAR. Performance of the test depends only upon the number of elements, number of pulses processed in a coherent processing interval and the rank of the clutter covariance matrix. Analytical expressions for calculating the false alarm and detection probabilities are presented. Performance of the method is shown to degrade with increasing clutter rank especially for low false alarm rates. An adaptive version of the test is developed and its performance is studied with simulated data from the KASSPER program. Issues of sample support for subspace estimation, constant false alarm rate (CFAR) and detection performance are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Rangaswamy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8104-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2003 BP 802 EP 806 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY93K UT WOS:000189498700149 ER PT S AU Gisselquist, DE AF Gisselquist, DE BE Matthews, MB TI Predicting binary phase shift keyed demodulator performance SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-SEVENTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB While the matched filter/equalizer combination has been known for years to produce "optimal" demodulators whose performance is well known, it can be difficult to predict the performance of a "non-optimal" demodulator suffering from mis-matched filtering, or poor synchronization. This paper demonstrates how to use the mean square symbol estimation error as a means of evaluating Binary Phase Shift Keyed (BPSK) demodulator performance under "non-optimal" conditions. By applying the formulas presented, it is possible to predict both mean square error, as well as the signal to noise ratio at the output of the demodulator. These metrics are then used to predict losses caused by non-optimal filtering, and in some cases to predict bit error performance. In every case, the MSE estimate is shown to correctly predict system performance. C1 USAF, Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gisselquist, DE (reprint author), USAF, Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8104-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2003 BP 1658 EP 1662 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BY93K UT WOS:000189498700311 ER PT B AU Jacques, DR AF Jacques, DR BE Butenko, S Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI Search, classification and attack decisions for cooperative wide area search munitions SO COOPERATIVE CONTROL: MODELS, APPLICATIONS AND ALGORITHMS SE COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY NOV, 2001 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP USAF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn AB There are currently several wide area search munitions in the research and development phase within the Department of Defense. While the work on the air-frames, sensors, target recognition algorithms and navigation schemes is promising, there are insufficient analytical tools for evaluating the effectiveness of these concept munitions. Simulation can be used effectively for this purpose, but analytical results are necessary for validating the simulations and facilitating the design trades early in the development process. Recent research into cooperative behavior for autonomous munitions has further highlighted the importance of fundamental analysis to steer the direction of this new research venture. This paper presents extensions to some classic work in the area of search and detection. The unique aspect of the munition problem is that a search agent is lost whenever an attack is executed. This significantly impacts the overall effectiveness in a multi-target/false target environment. While the analytic development here will concentrate on the single munition case, extensions to the multi-munition will be discussed to include the potential benefit from cooperative classification and engagement. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.jacques@afit.edu NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1082-6 J9 COOPERAT SYST PY 2003 VL 1 BP 75 EP 93 PG 19 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BW55V UT WOS:000182406000005 ER PT B AU Pachter, M Hebert, J AF Pachter, M Hebert, J BE Butenko, S Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI Optimal trajectories for cooperative classification SO COOPERATIVE CONTROL: MODELS, APPLICATIONS AND ALGORITHMS SE COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY NOV, 2001 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP USAF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn AB A projected role for autonomous uninhabited air vehicles is to classify and subsequently attack time critical targets, as well as perform battle damage assessment after an attack. Thus, the problem of determining optimal look angles for automatic target recognition/classification is addressed first. Next, minimum time trajectories for this mission, for a vehicle with a minimum turning radius, are constructed. Lastly, an algorithm for performing cooperative classification and/or battle damage assessment involving more than one air vehicle, is presented. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1082-6 J9 COOPERAT SYST PY 2003 VL 1 BP 253 EP 281 PG 29 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BW55V UT WOS:000182406000012 ER PT B AU Schumacher, CJ Chandler, PR Pachter, M AF Schumacher, CJ Chandler, PR Pachter, M BE Butenko, S Murphey, R Pardalos, PM TI Coupling in UAV cooperative control SO COOPERATIVE CONTROL: MODELS, APPLICATIONS AND ALGORITHMS SE COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY NOV, 2001 CL GAINESVILLE, FL SP USAF Res Lab, Univ Florida Coll Engn DE cooperation; coupling; task assignment; network flow; auction; teams AB This chapter addresses complexity and coupling issues in cooperative decision and control of distributed autonomous UAV teams. Hierarchical decomposition is implemented where team vehicles are allocated to subteams using set partition theory. Results are presented for single assignment and multiple assignment using network flow and auction algorithms. Various methods for computing tours of multiple assignments are addressed. Simulation results are presented for wide area search munitions where complexity and coupling are incrementally addressed in the decision system, yielding improved team performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Flight Control Div, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Flight Control Div, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM corey.schumacher@wpafb.af.mil; phillip.chandler@wpafb.af.mil; mpachter@afit.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1082-6 J9 COOPERAT SYST PY 2003 VL 1 BP 323 EP 348 PG 26 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BW55V UT WOS:000182406000014 ER PT S AU Han, KJ Suter, BW AF Han, KJ Suter, BW BE Dasarathy, BV TI Efficient image data distribution and management with application to web caching architectures SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY: TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Web Caching; proxy servers; compression; image data distribution ID WORLD-WIDE-WEB; TRENDS AB We present compact image data structures and associated packet delivery techniques for effective Web caching architectures. Presently, images on a Web page are inefficiently stored, using a single image per file. Our approach is to use clustering to merge similar images into a single file in order to exploit the redundancy between images. Our studies indicate that 30-50% image data size reduction can be achieved by eliminating the redundancies of color indexes. Attached to this file is new metadata to permit an easy extraction of images. This approach will permit a more efficient use of the cache, since a shorter list of cache references will be required. Packet and transmission delays can be reduced by 50% eliminating redundant TCP/IP headers and connection time. Thus, this innovative paradigm for the elimination of redundancy may provide valuable benefits for optimizing packet delivery in IP networks by reducing latency and minimizing the bandwidth requirements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Han, KJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, 525 Brooks Rd, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4958-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5098 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1117/12.487769 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW92F UT WOS:000183604800014 ER PT S AU Salerno, J Boulware, D Myers, J Khattri, V Couzelis, D AF Salerno, J Boulware, D Myers, J Khattri, V Couzelis, D BE Dasarathy, BV TI Buddy - Fusing multiple search results together SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY: TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Internet; meta-search engines; web scraping; searching AB If you have ever used a popular search engine on the Internet to search for a specific topic you are interested in, you know that most of the results you get back are unrelated, or do not have the information for which you are searching. Usually you end up looking through many Web pages before you find information. Different search engines give you different ranked results, so how do you choose which one to use? Buddy solves these problems for you. With Buddy you can search multiple search engines with many different queries. Using topic trees to create in depth search queries, utilizing the power of many renowned search engines, with the ability to dynamically create and delete them on the fly, Buddy gives you the results you want on the information you are looking for. Using its unique ranking algorithm the results from multiple search engines are correlated and fused together, removing multiple document hits. This paper will discuss the motivation for and the capabilities of Buddy. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Salerno, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome Res Site, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4958-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5098 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.486997 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW92F UT WOS:000183604800017 ER PT S AU Salerno, J Araki, C Pless, L AF Salerno, J Araki, C Pless, L BE Dasarathy, BV TI Fusing dynamic multi-source information for an equipment database SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY: TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE databases; Buddy; parser; information extraction AB The world is dynamic and ever changing. Databases that are current at one moment can quickly be out of date a minute later. Many times, database updates and accuracy of the data is secondary. How do we continuously update these databases and associate/fuse new and diverse pieces of data without modifying the database schema? In this paper, we will explore updating a database that contains information on various pieces of equipment worldwide and extending its source and contents by including the association of multi-source documents. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFEA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Salerno, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFEA, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4958-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5098 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.487011 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW92F UT WOS:000183604800018 ER PT S AU Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Florando, JN Nix, WD AF Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Florando, JN Nix, WD BE George, EP Inui, H Mills, MJ Eggeler, G TI Exploring specimen size effects in plastic deformation of Ni-3(Al, Ta) SO DEFECT PROPERTIES AND RELATED PHENOMENA IN INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defect Properties and Related Phenomena in Intermetallic Alloys held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 03-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, JEOL Co Ltd, Kyoto Univ, MTS Syst Corp, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Shimadzu Co Ltd AB In this paper we present a mechanical test methodology to explore specimen size effects in Ni3Al, where the overall test sample dimensions artificially limit the volume for substructure evolution and hence the availability of jogs/kinks along individual dislocation lines. The test methodology consists of using Focused Ion Beam milling. to micromachine cylindrical compression samples that have diameters ranging from 5 to 20 microns into the surface of a bulk sample, which is followed by nanoindentation using a flat-ended tip to measure the mechanical properties of the microsamples in uniaxial compression. The initial test results show that there is a strong increase in the flow stress with decreasing sample size, although misfit between the flat indenter tip and the top surface of the compression samples complicates complete interpretation of the mechanical test results at this time. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Eggeler, Gunther/R-9833-2016 NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-690-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 753 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BX10X UT WOS:000184305700003 ER PT S AU Wright, JW Bullett, TW AF Wright, JW Bullett, TW BE Bilitza, D Rawer, K Reinisch, BW TI The applicability of advanced ionosondes to the IRI SO DESCRIPTION OF THE LOW LATITUDE AND EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE IN THE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Description of the Low Latitude and Equatorial Ionsphere in International Reference Ionosphere CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL INST NACL PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS, S JOSE CAMPOS, BRAZIL SP Fund Amparo Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Int Union Radio Sci, Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Soc Brasileira Geofis, Fund Coordenacao Aperfeicoament Pessoal Nivel Superior, Comm Space Res HO INST NACL PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS AB The ionosonde has evolved from the early analog film-recording depictor of the ionosphere, into a precision diagnostic instrument. Contemporary monitoring ionosondes occupy an intermediate niche in this evolution. Some of these present digital ionogram images to interpretation experts who use the conveniences of digital data presentation to identify and record parameter values. This approach can improve parameter precision, but it remains as labor intensive as in the days of film recording. Other monitoring systems have attempted to automate classical data reduction concepts, but often with significant decrease in accuracy compared to manual analysis. The reduction in accuracy is often unquantified, which can introduce unknown errors into the IRI and other ionosphere models. Autoscaling algorithms have not succeeded to duplicate expert judgments because, in part, of the limited information available from contemporary monitoring instruments. Advanced digital ionosondes can make up this difference, and much more, with precision measurements of all available echo properties. Automated data reduction algorithms can use these measurements to improve the accuracy and continuity of established parameters, and to develop new diagnostic capabilities for a wider variety of ionospheric properties. These improvements are essential for the continuing development of ionospheric models such as the IRI. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Wright, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 775 EP 780 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00052-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW63L UT WOS:000182655900035 ER PT S AU Stytz, MR Banks, SB AF Stytz, MR Banks, SB BE Abraham, A Koppen, M Franke, K TI An architecture to address uncertain requirements and composability for intelligent agents in distributed simulations SO DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF HYBRID INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS SE FRONTIERS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS 03) CY DEC 14-17, 2003 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, World Federat Soft Comp, European Neural Network Soc, European Soc Fuzzy Log & Technol, Evoweb, Int Fuzzy Syst Assoc, Eunite, Australian Comp Soc, IEEE Victorian Sect, Knowledge Based Intelligent Engn Syst Ctr, IOS Press ID COMPUTER-GENERATED ACTORS; MILITARY SIMULATION; PROSPECTS; PROGRESS AB In this paper we describe an architecture for computer-generated intelligent agent actors (CGAs) that exploits the technological advantages provided by object-orientation, component software, software frameworks, gauges, migration assistants, containerization, and rapid prototyping. These technologies allow the architecture to support composability, flexibility, re-usability, and generality for the CGAs that the architecture supports. The architecture consists of highly modular components and two frameworks where interdependencies are well defined, documented, and minimized. In this paper we discuss the architecture, its constituent elements and their functionality, and discuss some conclusions about CGA architectures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6389 BN 1-58603-394-8 J9 FR ART INT PY 2003 VL 104 BP 749 EP 758 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BAC80 UT WOS:000221600700077 ER PT J AU Narayani, RI Burton, MP Young, GS AF Narayani, RI Burton, MP Young, GS TI Utility of esophageal biopsy in the diagnosis of nonerosive reflux disease SO DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS LA English DT Article DE biopsy; gastroesophageal; histology; nonerosive; pH monitoring; reflux ID GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX; ACID REFLUX; OMEPRAZOLE; HISTOLOGY; SYMPTOMS; THERAPY; HEARTBURN; EFFICACY; MUCOSA AB This study evaluated the accuracy of esophageal biopsy for the diagnosis of nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) in adults. Thirty-five patients with reflux symptoms and a normal endoscopy were prospectively evaluated using esophageal biopsies, 24-h ambulatory pH monitoring and symptomatic response 4 weeks after an increase in antireflux therapy. Biopsies were scored for the total number of typical histologic reflux features seen. Patients were considered to have NERD if both pH-metry was positive and step-up therapy was successful. Biopsies were then compared to this predefined gold standard. Biopsy was most sensitive (62%) but poorly specific (27%) when one or more histologic reflux features were seen. A threshold of three or more histologic features improved the specificity (91%) but reduced sensitivity (31%). Response to step-up therapy was associated with 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value when compared to biopsy and pH-metry as an alternate combined gold standard. In conclusion, biopsy is insensitive in diagnosing NERD but reasonably specific if three or more typical histologic reflux features are present. C1 USAF, Ctr Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RP 924 Bluewater Dr, Vacaville, CA 95688 USA. EM parulraj@aol.com NR 28 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1120-8694 EI 1442-2050 J9 DIS ESOPHAGUS JI Dis. Esophagus PY 2003 VL 16 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1046/j.1442-2050.2003.00326.x PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 743ZY UT WOS:000186604500002 PM 14641307 ER PT S AU Yang, SC Brown, R Racicot, R Lin, Y McClarnon, F AF Yang, SC Brown, R Racicot, R Lin, Y McClarnon, F BE Zarras, P StengerSmith, JD Wei, Y TI Electroactive polymer for corrosion inhibition of aluminum alloys SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS FOR CORROSION CONTROL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electroactive Polymers for Corrosion Control CY DEC, 2000 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN ID CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS; POLYANILINE; ANTICORROSION; COATINGS; PASSIVATION; PROTECTION; STEEL C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Yang, SC (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3790-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 843 BP 196 EP 206 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Polymer Science GA BW37B UT WOS:000181732300014 ER PT S AU Fanto, ML Gerhardstein, CM Vettese, EK Winter, DL Johns, ST Bussjager, RJ Hayduk, MJ AF Fanto, ML Gerhardstein, CM Vettese, EK Winter, DL Johns, ST Bussjager, RJ Hayduk, MJ BE Pirich, AR Taylor, EW Hayduk, MJ TI Performance, characteristics of a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring laser as a function of erbium ion concentration SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL); mode-locked; ring laser; erbium concentration AB The generation of ultrastable picosecond pulses in the 1550 nm range is required for numerous applications that include photonic analog-to-digital converter systems and high-bit rate optical communication systems. Mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring lasers (EDFLs) are typically used to generate pulses at this wavelength. In addition to timing stability and output power, the physical size of the laser cavity is of primary importance to the Air Force. The length of the erbium (Er)-doped fiber used as the gain medium may be on the order of meters or even tens of meters which adds complexity to packaging. However, the length of the gain medium can often be reduced if the Er-ion concentration within the fiber is increased. This paper investigates the performance of an EDFL as a function of ion concentration within the gain medium. Results will be presented for mode-locked lasers consisting of Lucent HE980, HG980, and HC Er-doped fibers. The parameters that will be compared between the lasers include the output power as a function of length and concentration, optical pulse width, and spectral bandwidth. Phase noise measurements of the laser output will also be presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Fanto, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 25 Elect Pky, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4964-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5104 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.492909 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX46B UT WOS:000185350500004 ER PT S AU Brown, RD Lynch, ED Van Damme, JM Bernstein, NP George, A AF Brown, RD Lynch, ED Van Damme, JM Bernstein, NP George, A BE Pirich, AR Taylor, EW Hayduk, MJ TI A fiber optic link reference system for ground penetrating radar measurements SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications V CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Ground Penetrating Radar; propagation measurement; analog optical links AB An RF network analyzer normally uses a signal at a reference port to excite a device under test. The return from the device is compared in amplitude and phase to the reference to characterize the S-Parameters (reflection and transmission) of the device under test (DUT). In this case, the DUT was 30 meters of limestone above a mine in Northwest Pennsylvania, which was being tested for dielectric constant and attenuation at 3-33 MHz as part of a ground penetrating radar development effort. This paper describes the test configuration using a wideband fiber optic link for the reference signal, and provides plots of the experimental results. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Brown, RD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome Site, Rome, NY USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4964-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5104 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1117/12.497981 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX46B UT WOS:000185350500008 ER PT S AU McQuay, WK AF McQuay, WK BE Sisti, AF Trevisani, DA TI Distributed collaborative environments for predictive battlespace awareness SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE battlespace; simulation; decision support; collaboration; collaborative environment AB The past decade has produced significant changes in the conduct of military operations: asymmetric warfare, the reliance on dynamic coalitions, stringent rules of engagement, increased concern about collateral damage, and the need for sustained air operations. Mission commanders need to assimilate a tremendous amount of information, make quick-response decisions, and quantify the effects of those decisions in the face of uncertainty. Situational assessment is crucial in understanding the battlespace. Decision support tools in a distributed collaborative environment offer the capability of decomposing complex multitask processes and distributing them over a dynamic set of execution assets that include modeling, simulations, and analysis tools. Decision support technologies can semi-automate activities, such as analysis and planning, that have a reasonably well-defined process and provide machine-level interfaces to refine the myriad of information that the commander must fused. Collaborative environments provide the framework and integrate models, simulations, and domain specific decision support tools for the sharing and exchanging of data, information, knowledge, and actions. This paper describes ongoing AFRL research efforts in applying distributed collaborative environments to decision support for predictive battlespace awareness. C1 IFSD, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McQuay, WK (reprint author), IFSD, AFRL, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4951-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5091 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.500909 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BX58J UT WOS:000185758700001 ER PT S AU Sisti, AF AF Sisti, AF BE Sisti, AF Trevisani, DA TI Dynamic situation assessment and prediction (DSAP) SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE predictive battlespace awareness (PBA); intelligence preparation of the battlespace (IPB); course of action (COA) assessment; modeling and simulation; decision support; dynamic planning and execution AB The face of war has changed. We no longer have the luxury of planning campaigns against a known enemy operating under a well-understood doctrine, using conventional weapons and rules of engagement; all in a well-charted region. Instead, today's Air Force faces new, unforeseen enemies, asymmetric combat situations and unconventional warfare (Chem/Bio, co-location of military assets near civilian facilities, etc.). At the same time, the emergence of new Air Force doctrinal notions (e.g., Global Strike Task Force, Effects-Based Operations, the desire to minimize or eliminate any collateral damage, etc.) - while propounding the benefits that can be expected with the adoption of such concepts also impose many new technical and operational challenges. Furthermore, future mission/battle commanders will need to assimilate a tremendous glut of available information, and still be expected to make quick-response decisions - and to quantify the effects of those decisions - all in the face of uncertainty. All these factors translate to the need for dramatic improvements in the way we plan, rehearse, execute and dynamically assess the status of military campaigns. This paper addresses these crucial and revolutionary requirements through the pursuit of a new simulation paradigm that allows a user to perform real-time dynamic situation assessment and prediction. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFSB, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Sisti, AF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFSB, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4951-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5091 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.500908 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BX58J UT WOS:000185758700002 ER PT S AU McQuay, WK AF McQuay, WK BE Sisti, AF Trevisani, DA TI Distributed collaborative environments for virtual capability-based planning SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE capability planning; simulation; decision support; collaboration; collaborative environment AB Distributed collaboration is an emerging technology that will significantly change how decisions are made in the 21st century. Collaboration involves two or more geographically dispersed individuals working together to share and exchange data, information, knowledge, and actions. The marriage of information, collaboration, and simulation technologies provides the decision maker with a collaborative virtual environment for planning and decision support. This paper reviews research that is focusing on the applying open standards agent-based framework with integrated modeling and simulation to a new Air Force initiative in capability-based planning and the ability to implement it in a distributed virtual environment. Virtual Capability Planning will provide decision-quality knowledge for Air Force resource allocation and investment planning including examining proposed capabilities and cost of alternative approaches, the impact of technologies, identification of primary risk drivers, and creation of executable acquisition strategies. The transformed Air Force business processes are enabled by iterative use of constructive and virtual modeling, simulation, and analysis together with information technology. These tools are applied collaboratively via a technical framework by all the affected stakeholders - warfighter, laboratory, product center, logistics center, test center, and primary contractor. C1 AFRL, IFSD, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McQuay, WK (reprint author), AFRL, IFSD, Informat Directorate, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4951-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5091 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.489028 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BX58J UT WOS:000185758700008 ER PT S AU Hanna, JP Walter, MJ Hillman, RG Walsh, LD AF Hanna, JP Walter, MJ Hillman, RG Walsh, LD BE Sisti, AF Trevisani, DA TI Analysis of a JBI Pub/Sub architecture's infrastructure requirements SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE information enterprise; enterprise modeling; distributed simulation; high performance computing AB A Distributed Information Enterprise Modeling and Simulation (DIEMS) framework, presently under development, is applied to the analysis of a Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) Pub/Sub architecture's infrastructural requirements. This analysis is an example of one methodology that can be employed utilizing the DIEMS framework. This analysis capability permits the information systems engineer to ensure that the planned JBI architecture deployment will provide the required information exchange performance on the infrastructure provided. This paper describes the DIEMS framework including its application in constrained and unconstrained resource utilization modes. A JBI architecture is evaluated in the context of a representative operational scenario on one infrastructure. The simulator's unconstrained resource mode is employed to identify the architecture's ideal operational requirements and in turn identify potential resource limitations. The constrained simulation mode is employed to evaluate the potential choke points in relation to the architecture's performance. The results identify the infrastructure changes required so that the specific JBI architecture will achieve the required operational performance. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Adv Comp Architectures Branch, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Hanna, JP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Adv Comp Architectures Branch, Informat Directorate, 26 Elect Pkwy, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4951-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5091 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1117/12.498103 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BX58J UT WOS:000185758700009 ER PT S AU Stytz, MR Banks, SB AF Stytz, MR Banks, SB BE Sisti, AF Trevisani, DA TI An XML-based approach to knowledge base unification for computer generated actors SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE extensible markup language; computer generated forces; human behavior representation; distributed simulation; knowledge bases AB A serious impediment to robust computer-generated actors (CGAs) is the cost of a knowledge acquisition for the CGA. There are a number of reasons for this difficulty; the chief challenge being the fact that currently each knowledge base is handcrafted for a CGA with little or no re-use of tknowledge acquisition activity and the knowledge bases developed for other CGAs. Our research was undertaken to address the knowledge base development cost issue by devising an interoperable and open format for knowledge bases that can be used to represent a knowledge base in a reasoning system independent manner. While the format is reasoning system independent, there is one type of format for each type of reasoning system. the independence is found within each class of reasoning systems; such as fuzzy logic, Bayesian networks. rules. frames, and cased-based reasoning systems among others. In the paper, we will discuss our approach to developing the knowledge base format and our current specification for the format. The foundation for our approach to developing a knowledge base representation format that fosters re-use of the contents of knowledge bases is the eXtensible Markup Language (XML). Below, we review related work as well as provide a brief introduction to XML. We describe our requirements for the knowledge base representation and discuss our approach to developing the knowledge base format and our current specification for the format. We describe how we use the XML language to construct the unified knowledge base representation. The paper concludes with a short summary of the project and suggestions for future work. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stytz, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4951-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5091 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1117/12.498076 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BX58J UT WOS:000185758700025 ER PT S AU Carlo, JT Maher, JE Schneible, JE AF Carlo, JT Maher, JE Schneible, JE BE Sisti, AF Trevisani, DA TI High-fidelity sensor modeling in mission-area simulations SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Research in advanced surveillance system concepts is actively being pursued throughout DoD. One flexible and cost effective way of evaluating the mission effectiveness of these system concepts is through the use of mission level simulations. This approach enables the warfighter to "test drive" systems in their intended environment, without consuming time and money building and testing prototypes. On the other hand, due to the size and complexity of mission level simulations, the sensor modeling capability can be limited, to the point that significantly different system designs appear indistinguishable. To overcome this we have developed a meta-model approach which permits integrating most of the fidelity of radar engineering tools into mission-level simulations without significantly impacting the timeliness of the simulation. In this paper we introduce the SensorCraft concept and the engineering and mission level simulation tools that were employed to develop and model the concept. Then we present our meta model designs and show how they improve the fidelity of the mission level simulation. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Carlo, JT (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4951-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5091 BP 338 EP 349 DI 10.1117/12.498199 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BX58J UT WOS:000185758700035 ER PT S AU Koziarz, WA Krause, LS Lehman, LA AF Koziarz, WA Krause, LS Lehman, LA BE Sisti, AF Trevisani, DA TI Automated scenario generation SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB This paper will discuss automated scenario generation (Sgen) techniques to support the development of simulation scenarios. Current techniques for scenario generation are extremely labor intensive, often requiring manual adjustments to data from numerous sources to support increasingly complex simulations. Due to time constraints, this process often prevents the simulation of a large number of data sets and the preferred level of "what if analysis". The simulation demands of future mission planning approaches, like Effects Based Operations (EBO), require the rapid development of simulation inputs and multiple simulation runs for those approaches to be effective. This paper will discuss an innovative approach to the automated creation of complete scenarios for mission planning simulation. We will discuss the results of our successful research effort that validated our approach to scenario generation and refined how scenario generation technology can be directly applied to the types of problems facing EBO and mission planning. The current stovepipe architecture marries a scenario creation capability with each of the simulation tools. The EBO-Scenario generation toolset breaks that connection through an approach centered on a robust data model and the ability to tie mission-planning tools and data resources directly to an open Course Of Action (COA) analysis framework supporting a number of simulation tools. In this approach, data sources are accessed through XML tools, proprietary DB structures or legacy tools using SQL and stored as an instance of Sgen Meta Data. The Sgen Meta Data can be mapped to a wide range of simulation tools using a Meta Data to simulation tools mapping editor that generates an XSLT template describing the required data translation. Once the mapping is created, Sgen will automatically convert the Meta Data instance, using XSLT, to the formats required by specific simulation tools. The research results presented in this paper will show how the complex demands of mission planning can be met with current simulation tools and technology. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFTC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Koziarz, WA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFTC, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4951-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5091 BP 374 EP 382 DI 10.1117/12.498058 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BX58J UT WOS:000185758700039 ER PT S AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, SW BE Dennis, BR Kosugi, T Lin, RP TI Energetic particle acceleration by coronal mass ejections SO ENERGY RELEASE AND PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE - FLARES AND RELATED PHENOMENA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res ID DRIVEN SHOCKS; EVENTS; FLARE; INJECTION; WAVE; ERUPTION; PROTONS; BURSTS; SOHO AB The current paradigm for the source of large, gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events is that they are accelerated in coronal/interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Early studies established that there is a rough correlation between the logs of the CME speed and the logs of the SEP intensities. Here I review two topics challenging the basic paradigm, the recent discovery that CMEs are also associated with impulsive, high-Z rich SEP events and the search for gradual SEP sources other than CME-driven shocks. I then discuss three topics of recent interest dealing with the relationship between the shock or CME properties and the resulting SEP events. These are the roles that CME accelerations, interactions between fast and preceding slow CMEs, and widths of fast CMEs may play in SEP production. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil NR 33 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2587 EP 2596 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.02.006 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BY23H UT WOS:000188360800028 ER PT S AU Daibog, EI Logachev, YL Kahler, S Kecskemety, K AF Daibog, EI Logachev, YL Kahler, S Kecskemety, K BE Dennis, BR Kosugi, T Lin, RP TI Statistical properties of SEP event flux declines SO ENERGY RELEASE AND PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE - FLARES AND RELATED PHENOMENA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res ID SOLAR COSMIC-RAYS; PARTICLES; DECELERATION; CONVECTION; TRANSPORT AB The interplanetary space is not a passive medium, which merely constitutes a scene for the propagation of previously accelerated energetic particles, but influences the distribution of particles by changing their energies as well due to interactions with magnetic field inhomogeneities. Such processes manifest themselves in the energy spectra of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. In this paper the fluxes of protons with energies of 4-60 MeV are investigated on the basis of two data sets. Both sets are homogeneous, obtained by the CPME instrument aboard the IMP 8 satellite between 1974 and 2001. The first includes all SEP events where the integral fluxes of >4 MeV protons exceeded 2 particle/cm(2) s sr. The other set consists of fluxes recorded in differential energy windows between 0.5 and 48 MeV. Important characteristics of SEP events include the rates of decrease of particle flux, which, as well as peak flux time, is an integral feature of the interplanetary medium within a considerable region, surrounding the observation point. The time intervals selected cover the decay phases of SEP events following flares, CMEs and interplanetary shocks of different origin. Only those parts of declines were selected, that could reasonably be described by exponential dependence, irrespective of the gradual/impulsive character of the events. It is shown that the average values of characteristic decay time, tau, and energy spectral index, gamma, are all changing with the solar activity phase. Distributions of tau and gamma values are obtained in SEPs with and without shocks and during different phases of events: just after peak flux and late after maximum. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. KFKI, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RP Kecskemety, K (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM kecske@rmki.kfki.hu NR 13 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2655 EP 2660 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BY23H UT WOS:000188360800039 ER PT S AU Daibog, EI Logachev, YI Kahler, S Kecskemety, K McKenna-Lawlor, S AF Daibog, EI Logachev, YI Kahler, S Kecskemety, K McKenna-Lawlor, S BE Dennis, BR Kosugi, T Lin, RP TI Periods of quasi-stationary conditions in interplanetary space according to sequences of SEP events SO ENERGY RELEASE AND PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE - FLARES AND RELATED PHENOMENA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS AB The values of the characteristic decay time of particle fluxes in SEP events vary, as a rule, considerably from event to event. We point out, however, that at times sequences of events having similar decay times were observed over long time intervals (up to one month, and even longer in a few cases). The values of the decay times, however, differed among different sequences. The constancy of the decay phase in each consecutive event of these series suggests that the interplanetary medium was in steady state during the event series, and, because of solar rotation, its uniformity within sectors extended to 90-180degrees in heliolongitude. The very rarely observed long series (up to 2-3 solar rotations) indicate the steadiness and homogeneity of the plasma and the interplanetary magnetic field (RAF) in the entire inner solar system in the course of this time span. It is pointed out that the neutral current sheet of the IMF does not represent a substantial obstacle for energetic charged particles. Both hemispheres are (above and below the current; sheet), at least during the series of solar events, invariant with time, uniform and alike from the viewpoint of the propagation of charged particles. The investigation of such sequences of events can also be useful for forecasting characteristics of SEP events. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. KFKI, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Natl Univ Ireland, Space Technol Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. RP Kecskemety, K (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM kecske@rmki.kfki.hu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2661 EP 2666 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00908-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BY23H UT WOS:000188360800040 ER PT J AU Chambal, S Shoviak, M Thal, AE AF Chambal, S Shoviak, M Thal, AE TI Decision analysis methodology to evaluate integrated solid waste management alternatives SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE value-focused thinking; municipal solid waste management; decision analysis AB Value-focused thinking, a decision analysis technique, is used to produce a multiple-objective model that captures a site's municipal solid waste (MSW) management goals, objectives, and concerns in order to facilitate the evaluation of competing strategies. The model ranks competing MSW alternatives based on how well they meet the decision maker's strategic objective, a 20-year compliant MSW system. Sensitivity analysis is incorporated in the model to assess and illustrate the effects of changes in model objective weights and changes in model parameters. Overall, the model provides decision-makers with a decision tool to make a better decision when choosing a new MSW management strategy. The entire process is applied to a case study using Earekson Air Station, a remote U. S. Air Force installation. C1 USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chambal, S (reprint author), USAF, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PY 2003 VL 8 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1023/A:1022404016435 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 647AF UT WOS:000181068500003 ER PT J AU Uribe, D Klein, JD Sullivan, H AF Uribe, D Klein, JD Sullivan, H TI The effect of computer-mediated collaborative learning on solving ill-defined problems SO ETR&D-EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID INSTRUCTION; ACHIEVEMENT; ENVIRONMENT AB The positive effects of collaborative learning in a face-to-face environment are well known. However, little empirical research exists to determine if such effects transfer to a computer-mediated environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of computer-mediated collaboration on solving ill-defined problems. Participants first worked through a Web-based instructional program that taught them a four-step problem-solving process. Then they worked in computer-mediated dyads or alone to apply the steps to solve a realistic problem scenario. Results indicated that participants who worked in computer-mediated collaborative dyads performed significantly better than did participants who worked alone. The results also indicated that dyads spent significantly more time than participants in the individual treatment. Both treatment groups had positive attitudes toward working collaboratively, Internet-based instruction, and transfer of problem-solving skills. Implications for the implementation of computer-mediated collaboration in distance learning are discussed. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Foreign Languages, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Uribe, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Foreign Languages, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM daniel.uribe@usafa.af.mil NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASSOC EDUC COMMUNICATIONS & TECHNOLOGY PI BLOOMINGTON PA 1800 N STONELAKE DR, SUITE 2, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47404 USA SN 1042-1629 J9 ETR&D-EDUC TECH RES JI ETR&D-Educ. Tech. Res. Dev. PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 5 EP 19 DI 10.1007/BF02504514 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 658KF UT WOS:000181719600001 ER PT S AU Caswell, DJ Lamont, GB AF Caswell, DJ Lamont, GB BE Fonseca, CM Fleming, PJ Zitzler, E Deb, K Thiele, L TI Multiobjective meta level optimization of a load balancing evolutionary algorithm SO EVOLUTIONARY MULTI-CRITERION OPTIMIZATION, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization (EMO 2001) CY APR 08-11, 2003 CL UNIV ALGARVE, FARO, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Cienica & Technol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Fundacao Oriente, Fundacao Luso Amer Desenvolvimento, Camara Municipal Faro, Camara Municipal tavira, Governo Civil Faro, PROAlgarve, Turismo Algarve, Aguas Monch, Banco Portugues Atlantico, Epaminondas, Illy Cafes, Parmalat SA, Refrige, SINFIC, Staples Off Ctr HO UNIV ALGARVE AB For any optimization algorithm tuning the parameters is necessary for effective and efficient optimization. We use a meta-level evolutionary algorithm for optimizing the effectiveness and efficiency of a load-balancing evolutionary algorithm. We show that the generated parameters perform statistically better than a standard set of parameters and analyze the importance of selecting a good region on the Pareto Front for this type of optimization. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Caswell, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-01869-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2632 BP 177 EP 191 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX27L UT WOS:000184815500013 ER PT S AU Anchor, KP Zydallis, JB Gunsch, GH Lamont, GB AF Anchor, KP Zydallis, JB Gunsch, GH Lamont, GB BE Fonseca, CM Fleming, PJ Zitzler, E Deb, K Thiele, L TI Different multi-objective evolutionary programming approaches for detecting computer network attacks SO EVOLUTIONARY MULTI-CRITERION OPTIMIZATION, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization (EMO 2003) CY APR 08-11, 2003 CL UNIV ALGARVE, FARO, PORTUGAL SP Fundacao Cienica & Technol, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Fundacao Oriente, Fundacao Luso Amer Desenvolvimento, Camara Municipal Faro, Camara Municipal tavira, Governo Civil Faro, PROAlgarve, Turismo Algarve, Aguas Monch, Banco Portugues Atlantico, Epaminondas, Illy Cafes, Parmalat SA, Refrige, SINFIC, Staples Off Ctr HO UNIV ALGARVE AB Attacks against computer networks are becoming more sophisticated, with adversaries using new attacks or modifying existing attacks. This research uses three different types of multiobjective approaches, one lexicographic and two Pareto-based, in a multiobjective evolutionary programming algorithm to develop a new method for detecting such attacks. The approach evolves finite state transducers to detect attacks; this approach may allow the system to detect attacks with features similar to known attacks. Also, the approach examines the solution quality of each detector. Initial testing shows the algorithm performs satisfactorily in generating finite state transducers capable of detecting attacks. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.anchor@afit.edu; jesse.zydallis@afit.edu; gregg.gunsch@afit.edu; gary.lamont@afit.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-01869-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2632 BP 707 EP 721 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX27L UT WOS:000184815500050 ER PT J AU Maji, AK Montemerlo, R AF Maji, AK Montemerlo, R TI Interferometry with labview SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Maji, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2003.tb00099.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 643TH UT WOS:000180876200011 ER PT S AU Jin, OC Johnson, WS AF Jin, OC Johnson, WS BE Reuter, WG Piascik, RS TI Load interaction effects on small crack growth behavior in PH13-8Mo stainless steel SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 33RD VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL MORAN, WY SP Amer Soc Testing Mat, Comm EO8 Fatigue & Fracture DE microstructure; stainless steel; overloads; crack growth retardation ID SINGLE PEAK OVERLOAD; SHORT FATIGUE-CRACK; PART I AB Fracture mechanics approaches to life prediction are being considered for applications to highly stressed components operating at high frequencies. One such application is rotor hubs on helicopters. For such applications, it is imperative that the growth behavior of small cracks be well understood. This study intended to examine the effect of material microstructure on the small crack growth behavior of PH13-8Mo stainless steel under both constant and variable amplitude loading Constant amplitude loading at six different stress amplitudes showed that the crack growth rate did not depend upon the stress amplitude. The small crack growth behavior was greatly affected by the size of the martensite packet. Furthermore, it was observed that the small crack growth rates were a little slower than tong crack data. Single overload tests indicated there was inconsistent crack growth behavior (crack growth acceleration and retardation were both observed after overload). It was suggested that this inconsistent crack growth resulted from the crack tip location relative to the microstructural features at the time of overload application. However, the simple block loading showed that there was overall crack growth retardation. As expected, the extent of the crack growth retardation increased with increasing the maximum stress of the overload stress block. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp & Aeronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jin, OC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp & Aeronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2899-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1417 BP 458 EP 475 DI 10.1520/STP11089S PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW10C UT WOS:000180882300022 ER PT S AU Nicholas, T Maxwell, DC AF Nicholas, T Maxwell, DC BE Reuter, WG Piascik, RS TI Mean stress effects on the high cycle fatigue limit stress in Ti-6Al-4V SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 33RD VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 25-29, 2001 CL MORAN, WY SP Amer Soc Testing Mat, Comm EO8 Fatigue & Fracture DE high cycle fatigue; mean stress; Haigh diagram; Goodman diagram; Ti-6Al-4V; stress ratio ID DIAGRAMS; LIFE AB An investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effects of mean stress on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) Limit stress under uniaxial loading. Tests were conducted at constant values of stress ratio, R (ratio of minimum to maximum stress), at frequencies from 20 to 70 Hz up to 10(7) cycles using a step-loading technique developed by the authors. Data were presented in the form of a Haigh (Modified Goodman) diagram as alternating stress against mean stress. Tests in the regime R < -1 were conducted to determine the effect of negative mean stresses on the material behavior. The lowest mean stress corresponded to R = -4, below which the compressive yield stress of the material would be exceeded. While numerous models could provide approximate fits to the data in the constant life Haigh diagram for positive mean stresses, none of them captured the trends of the data over the entire mean stress range including R < -1. The Jasper equation, based on a constant range of stored energy density, was found to represent the positive mean stress data quite well. The equation was modified to account for stored energy density at negative mean stresses. The best fit to the data implies that compressive strain energy density contributes less than 30 percent to the fatigue process as compared to energy under tensile stresses. Further, initiation to a fixed crack length beyond which crack propagation occurs does not explain the shape of the Haigh diagram. It is concluded through simple analysis that there is no clear link between HCF crack initiation, which represents a majority of life in some applications, and crack growth threshold, and the two might represent entirely different mechanisms. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nicholas, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2899-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1417 BP 476 EP 492 DI 10.1520/STP11090S PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW10C UT WOS:000180882300023 ER PT J AU Evans, DR Saleh, MA Allen, AS Pottenger, TP Bunning, TJ Guha, S Basun, SA AF Evans, DR Saleh, MA Allen, AS Pottenger, TP Bunning, TJ Guha, S Basun, SA TI Elimination of photovoltaic induced instabilities and the theoretical evaluation of material parameters in iron-doped lithium niobate using contra-directional two-beam coupling SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Russian-CIS-Baltic-Japanese Symposium on Ferroelectricity (RCBJSF-7) CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Russian Federat, Minist Ind, Sci & Technol, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg Sci Ctr, Tokyo Instrument Inc, Taylor & Francis Inc, Journal Ferroelect DE lithium niobate; contra-directional two-beam coupling; coupling theory; photorefractive noise; instabilities; gain coefficient; dark conductivity ID GAIN AB Two-beam coupling efficiencies are measured experimentally using a contra-directional single incident beam geometry. These results are compared to a theoretical model, which takes into account the presence of dark conductivity. The experimental results were obtained from a crystal where grating-writing instabilities were eliminated. The source of the instabilities and their elimination are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Beavercreek, OH USA. So Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3005 P St,Bldg 651,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2003 VL 285 BP 677 EP 684 DI 10.1080/00150190390206149 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 689ZA UT WOS:000183521800033 ER PT J AU McManamon, PF Thompson, W AF McManamon, PF Thompson, W TI Phased array of phased arrays (PAPA) laser systems architecture SO FIBER AND INTEGRATED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE optical phased arrays; phased arrays; electronic beam steering; spatial light modulators; fiber lasers; supaperative receive; sparse aperatures AB This paper introduces and analyzes revolutionary laser system architecture capable of dramatically reducing the complexity of laser systems while simultaneously increasing capability. The architecture includes three major subsystems. The first is a phased array of laser sources. In this article, we discuss diode-pumped fiber lasers as the elements of the phased array, although other waveguide lasers can also be considered. The second provides wavefront control and electronics beam steering, as described in an IEEE Proceedings article on "Optical Phased Array Technology" [1]. The third is subaperture receiver technology. Combining these three technologies into a new laser systems architecture results in a system that has graceful degradation, can steer to as wide an angle as individual optical phased array subapertures, and can be scaled to high power and large apertures through phasing of a number of subapertures. Diode-pumped fiber lasers are appealing as laser sources because they are electrically pumped, efficient, relatively simple, and scalable to significant power levels (over 100 Watts has been demonstrated from a single diode-pumped fiber laser) [2]. The fiber laser design also lends itself to integration into a phased array. Fiber lasers have been phased. Initial phasing demonstrations have been at low power and were conducted by taking a single source, dividing it into multiple fibers, then phasing them together To develop this technology further we need to use independent fiber lasers or fiber amplifiers, seeded by a common source, and to increase laser power As we increase laser power we will have to learn to cope with nonlinearities in the laser amplifiers. Optical Phased Array technology has demonstrated steering over a 90-degree field of regard [4], although this approach used additional optical components. If we use straightforward optical phased array beam steering without additional optics we can steer with high efficiency to about one-third lambda/d, where d is the smallest individually addressable element. The one-third factor depends on the efficiency threshold. For example, if we use 1.5 mum light, and 5 mum center-to-center spacing, we can steer with high efficiency to about +/-6 degrees, or a field of regard of 12 degrees. Last, we need to develop a subaperture receive technology. This can be a pupil plane receiver an image plane receiver or some combination of the approaches. When we have matured each individual technology and combined them into new laser systems architectures, we will have the ability to build simpler and more capable laser systems. The vision for an integrated, phased array laser concept is to enable a new class of laser systems with significant advantages, including high-efficiency, all-electric laser source; all waveguide beam transport; wavefront control at the subaperture level (enabling wavefront compensation, conformal apertures, and wide-angle electronic beam steering); random access beam pointing over wide angles; multiple simultaneous beam generation and control; and graceful degradation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP McManamon, PF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0146-8030 J9 FIBER INTEGRATED OPT JI Fiber Integrated Opt. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1080/01468030390111904 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 662TB UT WOS:000181963500002 ER PT B AU Roeder, WP Hajek, DL Flinn, FC Maul, GA Fitzpatrick, ME AF Roeder, WP Hajek, DL Flinn, FC Maul, GA Fitzpatrick, ME GP AMS TI Meteorological and oceanic instrumentation at spaceport Florida - Opportunities for coastal research SO FIFTH CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC PREDICTIONS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction and Processes CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 45th Weather Squadron, Patrick AFB, FL USA. RP Roeder, WP (reprint author), 45 WS-SYR,1201 Edward H White II, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2003 BP 132 EP 137 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BAS91 UT WOS:000223399200029 ER PT B AU Cooke, DL Turnbull, W Roth, C Morgan, A Redus, R AF Cooke, DL Turnbull, W Roth, C Morgan, A Redus, R BE Reigber, C Luhr, H Schwintzer, P TI Ion drift-meter status and calibration SO FIRST CHAMP MISSION RESULTS FOR GRAVITY, MAGNETIC AND ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st CHAMP Science Meeting CY JAN 21-24, 2002 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY SP Fed Minist Educ & Res, GFZ Potsdam, German Aerosp Ctr DE ion drift-meter; electric field instrument; instrument calibration; Ionospheric dynamics AB The Digital Ion Drift Meter (DIDM), developed by Amptek, Bedford, MA USA, for AFRL, was launched on July 15, 2000 aboard the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) - developed by the GeoForschungsZentrum, Potsdam, Germany into a 421 x 475 km polar orbit. All components and functions of DIDM are performing nominally except for two problems; the immediate loss after launch of one of the two nearly redundant sensors, and an uneven gain evolution of the micro-channel-plate used for the ion detection that has required development of an in-space calibration procedure. This procedure is now complete and we now have reasonable DIDM results for selected periods of the mission, and will soon be extending the new procedure to the entire mission. This paper will review the instrument design, the laboratory and in-space calibration procedures, and present sample results. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cooke, DL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-00206-5 PY 2003 BP 212 EP 219 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BW62N UT WOS:000182610900031 ER PT S AU Yang, SH Berry, RJ AF Yang, SH Berry, RJ BE Fruehauf, N Chalamala, BR Gnade, BE Jang, J TI Molecular dynamics simulation of germanium nanoparticles SO FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS-MATERIALS AND DEVICE TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flexible Electronics-Materials and Device Technology held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB Nanoparticles are known to melt at temperatures well below the bulk melting point. This behavior is being exploited for the recrystallization of Germanium to form large-grain semiconductor thin films on flexible and low temperature substrates. The melting of Ge nanoparticles as a function of size was investigated using the ab-initio Harris functional method of density functional theory (DFT). The DFT code was initially evaluated for its ability to predict the bulk properties of crystalline Ge. A conjugate gradient method was employed for minimizing the multi-phase atomic positional parameters of the diamond, BC8 and ST12 structures. The computed lattice constants, bulk moduli, and internal atomic positional parameters were found to agree well with other calculations and with reported experimental results. A constant temperature Nose-Hoover thermostat was added to the DFT code in order to compute thermal properties via molecular dynamics. The simulations were tested on a 13-atom Ge cluster, which was found to melt at 820 K. Further beating resulted in the cluster breaking up into two smaller clusters, which remained stable up to 1300K. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, SH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-706-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 769 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BY09R UT WOS:000187620800027 ER PT S AU Klemme, BJ Morath, CC Le, DT AF Klemme, BJ Morath, CC Le, DT BE Abbott, D Shapiro, JH Yamamoto, Y TI Low temperature noise measurements on quantum well infrared photodetectors SO FLUCTUATIONS AND NOISE IN PHOTONICS AND QUANTUM OPTICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise CY JUN 01-04, 2003 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Natl Semicond Corp, Fred Seitz Mat Res Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Telecommun Task Force DE quantum well infrared photodetector; noise; infrared sensors AB Noise current under dark conditions was measured on a Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) with careful attention to noise sources present in the measurement apparatus. The noise was dominated by Johnson noise at temperatures less than or equal to 40K, and by G-R noise at 77K and finite bias. A new method to measure noise in QWIPs is described. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Klemme, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4971-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5111 BP 162 EP 171 DI 10.1117/12.496929 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BX06B UT WOS:000184147200018 ER PT B AU Dunlavy, M Jata, KV AF Dunlavy, M Jata, KV BE Jata, KV Mahoney, MW Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Lienert, T TI High-cycle corrosion fatigue of friction stir welded 7050-T7451 SO FRICTION STIR WELDING AND PROCESSING II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing II CY MAR 04-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm AB The corrosion pitting and corrosion fatigue of friction stir welded (FSW) 7050-T7451 plate was analyzed using cyclic salt fog (prohesion exposure) and high cycle fatigue (HCF) testing, respectively. Prohesion exposures at 100, 500, -and 1000 hours were performed on the high cycle fatigue FSW specimens. Optical microscopy shows that corrosion pitting was most severe at the interface between the weld nugget and thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) at 500 and 1000 hour prohesion exposure. Pit depths were measured using nondestructive white light interface microscopy (WLIM) and averaged 2mum deeper in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and TMAZ compared to the weld nugget. HCF tests conducted near the endurance limit and transverse to the weld indicate that there is over a 50 percent decrease in fatigue life after prohesion exposures of 100, 500, and 1000 hours. Fracture initiated at pits in the HAZ for 500 and 1000 hour exposed samples and at the TMAZ/weld nugget boundary for the 100 hour exposed samples and as-welded samples. The largest corrosion pits developed into crack initiation sites resulting in HCF failure and the size as observed was much larger than the WLIM measured pits. The as-welded samples failed at the weld nugget and TMAZ boundary and failure initiation sites were not associated with constitutive particles, however the fracture sites were much smaller, 5mum, compared to the prohesion exposed failure initiation pits. It was determined that pitting corrosion in the prohesion exposed samples was critical to fatigue life than the constituent particles of the altered friction stir welded microstructure. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dunlavy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-536-0 PY 2003 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW62M UT WOS:000182610500009 ER PT B AU Murphey, RA AF Murphey, RA BE Floudas, CA Pardalos, P TI A multi dimensional assignment formulation for new product development problems SO FRONTIERS IN GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION SE Nonconvex Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Frontiers in Global Optimization CY JUN 08-12, 2003 CL Santorini, GREECE DE New Product Development (NPD); multi dimensional assignment problem; (MAP); axial constraints; probability cost; upper bound ID RESOURCE-ALLOCATION AB This paper considers the application of an upper bounding technique to a maximization formulation of new product development (NPD) problems. NPD procedures are increasingly being used by many high-technology firms to rapidly develop multiple new products lines using a small but flexible workforce and infrastructure. Mathematically speaking, these problems are quite difficult and may be described as the allocation of heterogeneous resources to heterogeneous but perhaps interdependent activities. Typically, each resource may distribute its capacity among many activities, each resource is capable of processing more than one type of task to varying degrees of success, and activities may be processed by more than one resource either sequentially or simultaneously. NPDs may include precedence constraints, where sequencing, quite often in the form of simultaneity, for the beginning and ending of activities is carefully controlled while processing times and quality of services for resources are not independent. Network models for these problems are very difficult to pose since, unlike PERT, there are multiple projects, all interlinked with precedence. Consequently, a multi-dimensional assignment problem (MAP) formulation is proposed. Unfortunately, MAP data structures exhibit horrendous complexity for branch and bound when using continuous relaxations due to the very poor bound quality and cannot be solved for problems of even fairly small size. In this paper an upper bound problem is developed by exploiting a feature of the cost coefficients. This upper bound on the maximization formulation of the MAP with axial constraints preserves much of the structure of the original problem. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Navigat & Control Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Murphey, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Navigat & Control Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM murphey@eglin.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 1-4020-7699-1 J9 NONCONVEX OPTIM PY 2003 VL 74 BP 391 EP 401 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BY78W UT WOS:000189463300021 ER PT B AU Blaudeau, JP Franck, T Yeates, AT Dudis, DS AF Blaudeau, JP Franck, T Yeates, AT Dudis, DS BE Kamat, PV Guldi, DM DSouza, F TI Computational models for the 5,6-bridged complexes of C-122: Neutral, anionic, and di-anionic forms SO FULLERENES AND NANOTUBES: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF NEXT GENERATION NANODEVICES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanoclusters held at the Annual Spring Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc, Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanoclusters Div ID CARBON; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; CLUSTERS; DIMERS AB Density functional B3LYP 6-31G(d) and semiempirical AM1 results are reported for 5,6-bridged C-122 in the neutral, mono-anionic, and di-anionic charge states. Electronic structures, geometric structures and electron affinities (EAs) are discussed. There are disagreements in the literature on the nature of the bridging found in C-122; for the most stable charge state, i.e. the di-anion, we found the 5,6 homofullerene to be 0.032 eV lower than the 6,6 homofullerene at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The large EA of C-122 can be explained by the delocalized nature of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), dispersing the negative charge. C1 High Performance Technol Inc, ASC, HP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blaudeau, JP (reprint author), High Performance Technol Inc, ASC, HP, 2435 5th St,Bldg 676, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-397-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 15 BP 411 EP 421 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA BX87P UT WOS:000186707700050 ER PT B AU Salerno, J Hinman, M Boulware, D Bello, P AF Salerno, J Hinman, M Boulware, D Bello, P GP ISIF TI Information fusion for situational awareness SO FUSION 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Informat Fus, CSSIP, Def Sci & Technol Org, USAF Off Res, British Aerosp, Univ Melbourne DE higher level fusion; situational awareness; situation assessment; indications & warning; area assessment AB Information Fusion is beginning to receive increased attention not only within the military, but also within the civilian sector. The notion of maintaining constant awareness of one's surroundings is not a new military goal, but to provide this capability through computers has been a long standing and challenging problem. In this paper we will explore various techniques that we believe are necessary to provide situational awareness and how they can be tied together into an overall system architecture. We will also explore various sources of information, their contribution to the problem and how we propose to test and evaluate the proposed architecture. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL IFEA, Rome Res SiteRome, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Salerno, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL IFEA, Rome Res SiteRome, Rome, NY 13440 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA PY 2003 BP 507 EP 513 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY76Z UT WOS:000189458800070 ER PT B AU Blasch, EP Plano, S AF Blasch, EP Plano, S GP ISIF TI Ontological issues in higher levels of information fusion: User refinement of the fusion process SO FUSION 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Informat Fus, CSSIP, Def Sci & Technol Org, USAF Off Res, British Aerosp, Univ Melbourne DE fusion; ontology; epistemology; pedigree; situational awareness AB Real-world data fusion systems process at the lowest level and combine data to a usable form for the human at the highest level. The functional role of the data fusion system is to provide timely and accurate data to the user. The focus of this paper is to address the user needs for a fusion system based on the ontological principles of "becoming" versus the historical opposite Of "being". Ontology is a question of the existence of the world, but also equally important in a philosophical argument is that of an epistemology - or a set of rules. We explore the higher-level purpose of fusion systems by setting up the world and emphasizing rules to guide a fusion system design that would allow for human refinement such as active reasoning, situation awareness, and pedigree consistency. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, EP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA PY 2003 BP 634 EP 641 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY76Z UT WOS:000189458800087 ER PT B AU Hill, JM Oxley, ME Bauer, KW AF Hill, JM Oxley, ME Bauer, KW GP ISIF TI Receiver operating characteristic curves and fusion of multiple classifiers SO FUSION 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Informat Fus, CSSIP, Def Sci & Technol Org, USAF Off Res, British Aerosp, Univ Melbourne DE receiver operating characteristic (ROC); curve; classifier; boolean algebra; kronecker tensor product; hadamard product ID ROC AB A classifier typically has parameters in them that can vary, thus a classifier is, in fact, a family of classifiers. Varying the parameters and graphing the probability of false positive verse probability of true positive yields the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Given a collection of multiple classifiers, and assume the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is know for each classifier Can the ROC curve for the fused classifier be determined? We answer this question in this paper This paper also present a unique the representation of the fusion of multiple where the fusion is based on Boolean rules. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, JM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA PY 2003 BP 815 EP 822 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY76Z UT WOS:000189458800111 ER PT B AU Thorsen, SN Oxley, ME AF Thorsen, SN Oxley, ME GP ISIF TI Describing data fusion using category theory SO FUSION 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Informat Fus, CSSIP, Def Sci & Technol Org, USAF Off Res, British Aerosp, Univ Melbourne DE category theory; sensor fusion; sensors; classifiers; data fusion; information fusion AB The process of multi-sensor data fusion and its taxonomy is abstracted and described in the language of category theory Categories are developed for sensors, data sets, processors, feature sets, classifiers, and label sets. Fusion rules are defined and shown to hold a unique role within the various categories. Fusion processes can then be described as the optimization of fusion rules within the appropriate category. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thorsen, SN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC INFORMATION FUSION PI SUNNYVALE PA PO BOX 70188, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 USA PY 2003 BP 1202 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY76Z UT WOS:000189458800163 ER PT S AU Jessen, GH Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Via, GD Moser, NA Yannuzzi, MJ Crespo, A Dettmer, RW Jenkins, TJ AF Jessen, GH Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Via, GD Moser, NA Yannuzzi, MJ Crespo, A Dettmer, RW Jenkins, TJ GP IEEE TI Gate optimization of AIGaN/GaN HEMTs using WSi, Ir, Pd, and Ni Schottky contacts SO GAAS IC SYMPOSIUM - 25TH ANNUAL TECHNICAL DIGEST 2003 SE TECHNICAL DIGEST - IEEE GALLIUM ARSENIDE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual IEEE Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuit Symposium CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc DE GaN; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT); SiC; power; Schottky ID GAN AB High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated from AlGaN/GaN on semi-insulating SiC substrates with WSi, Ir, Pd, and Ni Schottky contacts. The devices had 0.30 mum T-gates with a total width of 300 mum. Devices with Ir gates had the highest measured Schottky barrier and the best small-signal performance of all gate metal combinations attempted. These devices yielded maximum drain current densities of 1.03 A/mm, peak transconductances of 252 mS/mm, unity current gain cutoff frequencies of 46 GHz, and maximum frequencies of oscillation at 64 GHz. Power measurements of these same devices produced 6.5 W/mm with PAE of 32% at 10 GHz CW when optimizing for power. C1 AFRL, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Jessen, GH (reprint author), AFRL, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1064-7775 BN 0-7803-7833-4 J9 TG IEEE GAL ARS PY 2003 BP 277 EP 279 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BY38W UT WOS:000189155900061 ER PT B AU Dimiduk, DM Martin, PL Dutton, R AF Dimiduk, DM Martin, PL Dutton, R BE Kim, YW Clemens, H Rosenberger, AH TI Accelerated insertion of materials: Gamma alloys pose challenges, but are really not unique SO GAMMA TITANIUM ALUMINIDES 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gamma Titanium Aluminides 2003 held at the TMS 2004 Annual Meeting CY MAR 02-06, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP ASM Int Mat Sci Crit Technol Sector, Mat & Proc Comm, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, High Temperature Alloys Comm, Titanium Comm, Struct Mat Div AB The proceedings from the first International Symposium on Gamma Titanium Aluminides, held in 1995, begin with an article entitled "Gamma Titanium Aluminides: An Emerging Materials Technology." Eight years have passed since that conference and while much technical progress has been achieved with these alloys, it is clear that gamma alloys remain an "emerging materials technology." We hypothesize that two principal reasons account for the protracted emergence of these alloys: 1) a lack of engineering design practices for low ductility materials in structural applications, and 11) the inertia inherent in the current empirical approach to materials development. The systems design community has a three-year product development cycle that compares to the materials and processes development cycle that typically exceeds ten years. This discontinuity results from the materials community's inability to transform an understanding of limiting materials and processes attributes into decision making tools for design teams. This manuscript examines historical practices for alloy development over the last similar to40 years, discusses the current climate related to their continued use and introduces a vision of the 'accelerated insertion of materials' within the context of gamma-alloy technologies. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dimiduk, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM Bldg 655,2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-543-3 PY 2003 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BAG78 UT WOS:000222134100003 ER PT S AU Tassev, VL Bliss, DF Weyburne, D Bailey, JS Wang, SQ AF Tassev, VL Bliss, DF Weyburne, D Bailey, JS Wang, SQ BE Wetzel, C Yu, ET Speck, JS Arakawa, Y TI Aluminum nitride crystal growth by halide vapor transport epitaxy SO GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS-2002 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID FILMS; AIN; DEPOSITION AB Halide vapor transport epitaxy (HVTE) is demonstrated for growth of AIN layers with thickness up to 50 mum at deposition rates up to 60 mum/h. The HVTE process uses an aluminum chloride amine adduct as the aluminum source of both aluminum and nitrogen. This new technique eliminates the main difficulties of the conventional hydride VIPE growth, where aluminum oxidation and the strong reactivity of aluminum chloride with fused silica create the potential for oxygen contamination. This study shows the effect of temperature, gas flow velocities, and reactor pressure on the growth rate and layer quality. It is found that the growth rate and the layer quality strongly depend on the gas ratio. The species of carrier gas, the flow rates and partial pressures can be used as tools to optimize growth rate and to avoid any etching effects resulting from reverse chemical reactions. The crystalline layer quality as determined by x-ray rocking curve measurement shows FWHM of 300-900 and 500-1300 arc-sec for (002) and (102) planes, respectively. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tassev, VL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-680-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 743 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BW93L UT WOS:000183700100029 ER PT S AU Callahan, MJ Wang, BG Bouthillette, LO Wang, SQ Kolis, JW Bliss, DF AF Callahan, MJ Wang, BG Bouthillette, LO Wang, SQ Kolis, JW Bliss, DF BE Ng, HM Wraback, M Hiramatsu, K Grandjean, N TI Growth of GaN crystals under ammonothermal conditions SO GAN AND RELATED ALLOYS - 2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys held at the MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; LAYERS AB Growth of GaN bulk crystals under ammonothermal conditions has been developed. The experiments were performed in ammono-basic solutions in high nickel content autoclaves for up to 3 weeks. Nutrients were crystalline GaN made from vapor phase transport growth. Single crystal clusters of GaN on the order of 500 mum - 1 mm long were obtained. These crystals were spontaneously nucleated on the walls of the autoclave. Transport growth on polycrystalline GaN seeds and single crystal HVPE seeds was also achieved. GaN has a high solubility in ammono-basic solutions, on the order of several weight percent. The ammonothermal crystals were characterized by photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction and SEM. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Callahan, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-736-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 798 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAF49 UT WOS:000222017200041 ER PT S AU Manke, GC Cooper, CB Dass, SC Madden, TJ Hager, GD AF Manke, GC Cooper, CB Dass, SC Madden, TJ Hager, GD BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC TI A multi-watt all gas-phase iodine laser (AGIL) SO GAS AND CHEMICAL LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gas and Chemical Lasers and Intense Beam Applications IV CY JAN 28-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE AGIL; All gas-phase iodine laser; iodine laser ID QUENCHING RATE CONSTANTS; 1.315 MU-M; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CHEMICAL-LASER; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; METASTABLE NF; OPTICAL GAIN; NCL(A(1)DELTA); NCL; GENERATION AB The demonstration and characterization of a multi-watt All Gas-phase Iodine Laser (AGIL) are described; A 20-cm subsonic reactor was used to produce NCl(a(1)Delta) for a series parametric studies of the I*(P-2(1/2)) - I(P-2(3/2)) small signal gain and extracted power dependence on reactant flow rates and reaction time. The highest measured gain was 2.5 x 10(-4) cm(-1) and the highest power observed was 18 W. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Direct Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Manke, GC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Direct Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4771-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4971 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.483507 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BX02D UT WOS:000183989600008 ER PT J AU Couture, F AF Couture, F TI Teaching legal research and providing access to electronic resources. SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Pope AFB Lib, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. RP Couture, F (reprint author), Pope AFB Lib, 396 Son St, Pope AFB, NC 28308 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2003 VL 20 IS 2 BP 193 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0740-624X(03)00023-6 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 695MX UT WOS:000183835600010 ER PT J AU Couture, F AF Couture, F TI Public services issues with rare and archival law materials. SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 Pope AFB Lib, POPE AFB, NC 28308 USA. RP Couture, F (reprint author), Pope AFB Lib, 396 Son St,Bldg 373, POPE AFB, NC 28308 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2003 VL 20 IS 3 BP 317 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0740-624X(03)00053-4 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 715JJ UT WOS:000184968100007 ER PT J AU Dorris, DA AF Dorris, DA TI World at risk: a global issues sourcebook. SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review RP Dorris, DA (reprint author), 2050-B 2ST,SE Bldg 20204, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM darial@yahoo.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 427 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.giq.2003.08.007 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 760GZ UT WOS:000187804400011 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Fox, DM Awad, WH Gilman, JW Maupin, PH De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI Flammability, thermal stability, and phase change characteristics of several trialkylimidazolium salts SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUIDS AB Room temperature ionic liquids ( RTILs) have emerged as tunable and potentially " greener" solvents for a multitude of applications. To investigate the solvent properties and potential use as a thermal fluid, a study was initiated to determine the effects of anion type, C- 2 hydrogen substitution, and alkyl chain length on the flammability, thermal stability, and phase change characteristics of 1,2,3- trialkylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids. A Setaflash flashpoint apparatus was used to determine the flammabilities of the RTILs. No flashpoints were detected for any of the imidazolium based RTILs below 200 degrees C, the maximum temperature of the instrument. The thermal stabilities of the RTILs were measured using the technique of thermogravimetric analysis. The 1,2,3- trialkylimidazolium compounds exhibit slightly higher thermal stabilities than the comparable 1,3- dialkylimidazolium compounds; RTILs with nucleophilic anions decompose about 150 degrees C lower than RTILs with bulky fluoride containing anions; the alkyl chain length does not have a large effect on the thermal stability of the RTILs; and the pyrolysis decomposition exhibits higher thermal stabilities via a different mechanism than the oxidative decomposition. In addition, it was found that although the calculated onset temperatures were above 350 degrees C, significant decomposition does occur 100 degrees C or more below these temperatures. The phase change behaviors of several imidazolium based RTILs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The melting points of the RTILs increased with increasing alkyl chain length. Most of the salts studied exhibited significant undercooling, which decreased as the length of the alkyl chain was increased. The hexafluorophosphate and bromide RTILs exhibited polymorphic and liquid crystalline behaviors as the alkyl chain length was increased above C10. The clearing point temperatures increased more rapidly with alkyl chain length than the melting point temperatures. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 18 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 724 EP 727 DI 10.1039/b308444b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 750BD UT WOS:000186970700012 ER PT B AU Wilkes, JS AF Wilkes, JS BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR Volkov, S TI The past, present and future of ionic liquids as battery electrolytes SO GREEN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids CY APR 12-16, 2000 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP NATO ID CHLOROALUMINATE MOLTEN-SALTS; POLYMER GEL ELECTROLYTES; 1-ETHYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; SULFIDE BATTERIES; TEMPERATURE; CHLORIDE C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wilkes, JS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1136-9 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2003 VL 92 BP 295 EP 320 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BW80V UT WOS:000183251700017 ER PT S AU Martinsen, GL Havig, PR Post, DL Reis, GA Simpson, MA AF Martinsen, GL Havig, PR Post, DL Reis, GA Simpson, MA BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Human factors requirements of helmet trackers for HMDs SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID FLIGHT REFERENCE SYMBOLOGY; MOUNTED DISPLAY USE AB A helmet tracker is a critical element in the path that delivers targeting and other sensor data to the user of a helmet-mounted display (HMD) in a military aircraft. The original purpose of an HMD was to serve as a helmet-mounted sight and to provide a means to fully utilize the capabilities of off-boresight munitions. Recently, the role of the HMD has evolved from being strictly a targeting tool to providing detailed flight path and situation awareness information. These changes, however, have placed even greater value on the visual information that is transferred through the helmet tracker to the HMD. Specifically, the timeliness and accuracy of the information, which is of critical importance when the HMD is used as a targeting aid, is of even greater importance when the HMD is used to display flight reference information. This is especially relevant since it has been proposed to build new military aircraft without a physical head-up display (HUD) and to display HUD information virtually with an HMD. In this paper, we review the current state of helmet tracker technology with respect to use in military aviation. We also identify the parameters of helmet trackers that offer the greatest risk when using an HMD to provide information beyond targeting data to the user. Finally, we discuss the human factors limitations of helmet tracker systems for delivering both targeting and flight reference information to a military pilot. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HECV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martinsen, GL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HECV, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.486941 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700010 ER PT S AU Sedillo, MR Dixon, SA AF Sedillo, MR Dixon, SA BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Helmets: Conventional to cueing SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE cueing; helmets; JHMCS; joint helmet mounted cueing system; forensics; HMD AB Aviation helmets have always served as an interface between technology and flyers. The functional evolution of helmets continued with the advent of radio when helmets were modified to accept communication components and later, oxygen masks. As development matured, interest in safety increased as evident in more robust designs. Designing helmets became a balance between adding new capabilities and reducing the helmet's weight. As the research community better defined acceptable limits of weight-tolerances with tools such as the "Knox Box" criteria, system developers added and subtracted technologies while remaining within these limits. With most helmet-mounted technologies being independent of each other, the level of precision in mounting these technologies was not as significant a concern as it is today. The attachment of new components was acceptable as long as the components served their purpose. However this independent concept has become obsolete with the dawn of modem helmet mounted displays. These complex systems are interrelated and demand precision in their attachment to the helmet. The helmets' role now extends beyond serving as a means to mount the technologies to the head, but is now instrumental in critical visual alignment of complex night vision and missile cueing technologies. These new technologies demand a level of helmet fit and component alignment previously not seen in past helmet designs. This paper presents some of the design, integration and logistical issues gleaned during the development of the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System (JHMCS) to include the application of head-track technologies in forensic investigations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sedillo, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St, Bld 248, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 104 EP 116 DI 10.1117/12.488042 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700011 ER PT S AU Angel, SDP AF Angel, SDP BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI IPNVG fixed-focus diopter study SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE diopter; night vision goggles (NVG); field-of-view (FOV); integrated panoramic night vision goggles (IPNVG); snap-on lens; AN/AVS-9 (F-4949) AB Integrated Panoramic Night Vision Goggles (IPNVGs) are the prototype night vision goggles (NVGs) and may be the next generation of NVGs. The AN/AVS-9 (F-4949) NVGs, worn by Air Force aircrews, have continuously adjustable eyepieces (from +2.0 diopters (D) to -6.0 D). Unlike the F-4949s, IPNVGs have a fixed-focus eyepiece at -1.0 D. However, previous research has shown that some operators are very insistent that their visual acuity is impaired if they do not have eyepiece settings on the order -2.0 D or more, where they are currently setting their NVGs. The proposed solution is to provide "snap-on" lenses to the IPNVGs in order to obtain a selection of settings. The purpose of this study is to determine if NVGs with this discrete number (two) of "snap-on" lenses are acceptable or if additional lenses are required. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Angel, SDP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.485951 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700015 ER PT S AU Glasgow, RL Marasco, PL Havig, PR Martinsen, GL Reis, GA Heft, EL AF Glasgow, RL Marasco, PL Havig, PR Martinsen, GL Reis, GA Heft, EL BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Psychophysical measurement of night vision goggle noise SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Night Vision Goggle (NVG); noise; image intensifier tube; spatial frequency; temporal frequency; gain AB Pilots, developers, and other users of night-vision goggles (NVGs) have pointed out that different NVG image intensifier tubes have different subjective noise characteristics. Currently, no good model of the visual impact of NVG noise exists. Because it is very difficult to objectively measure the noise of a NVG, a method for assessing noise subjectively using simple psychophysical procedures was developed. This paper discusses the use of a computer program to generate noise images similar to what an observer sees through an NVG, based on filtered white noise. The images generated were based on 1/f (where f is frequency) filtered white noise with several adjustable parameters. Adjusting each of these parameters varied different characteristics of the noise. This paper discusses a study where observers compared the computer-generated noise images to true NVG noise and were asked to determine which computer-generated image was the best representation of the true noise. This method was repeated with different types of NVGs and at different luminance levels to study what NVG parameters cause variations in NVG noise. C1 AFRL, HECV, Crew Syst Interface Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Glasgow, RL (reprint author), AFRL, HECV, Crew Syst Interface Div, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 164 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.486338 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700016 ER PT S AU Marasco, PL Task, HL AF Marasco, PL Task, HL BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI The impact of target luminance and radiance on night-vision device visual performance testing SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE night-vision device; NVD; NVG; visual performance; starlight; overcast starlight; quarter moon AB Visual performance through night-vision devices (NVDs) is a function of many parameters such as target contrast, objective and eyepiece lens focus, signal/noise of the image intensifier tube, quality of the image intensifier, night-vision goggle (NVG) gain, and NVG output luminance to the eye. The NVG output luminance depends on the NVG sensitive radiance emitted (or reflected) from the visual acuity target (usually a vision testing chart). The primary topic of this paper is the standardization (or lack thereof) of the radiance levels used for NVG visual acuity testing. The visual acuity chart light level might be determined in either photometric (luminance) units or radiometric (radiance) units. The light levels are often described as "starlight," "quarter moon." or "optimum" light levels and may not actually provide any quantitative photometric or radiometric information. While these terms may be useful to pilots and the users of night-vision devices, they are inadequate for accurate visual performance testing. This is because there is no widely accepted agreement in the night vision community as to the radiance or luminance level of the target that corresponds to the various named light levels. This paper examines the range of values for "starlight," "quarter moon," and "optimum" light commonly used by the night vision community and referenced in the literature. The impact on performance testing of variations in target luminance/radiance levels is also examined. Arguments for standardizing on NVG-weighted radiometric units for testing night-vision devices instead of photometric units are presented. In addition, the differences between theoretical weighted radiance and actual weighted radiance are also discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, AFRL,HECV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marasco, PL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, AFRL,HECV, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1117/12.487869 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700017 ER PT S AU Jenkins, JC AF Jenkins, JC BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Development of helmet-mounted display symbology for use as a primary flight reference SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display; primary flight reference; symbology; unusual attitude; off-boresight AB The helmet-mounted display (HMD) will be used as the sole means of displaying head-up information to the pilot in future U.S. Air Force (USAF) fixed-wing tactical aircraft. For current fighter aircraft that employ the use of a stand-alone head-up display (HUD), the HMD will be integrated to provide the off-boresight symbology component of the head-up presentation. The symbology for on- and off-boresight use has to be designed to insure the effective interaction between display formats for conveyance of information to the pilot when transitioning between on- and off-boresight viewing angles. This is true for legacy aircraft where the symbology is presented in part by the HUD for on-boresight use with the HMD utilized for the off-boresight application and also for HUD-less aircraft, such as the Joint Strike Fighter, where symbology will be presented solely on the HMD. The Air Force Research Laboratory has been developing HMD symbology to meet the requirements to certify the HMD as a primary flight reference (PFR) for USAF fixed-wing tactical aircraft. This symbology has been designed to maximize the transference of attitude awareness to the pilot when switching between on- and off-boresight attitude references to help insure the pilot achieves correct awareness of spatial orientation. This paper describes the previous research that examined the ASAR for HUD applications, the design of the AFRL ASAR HUD symbology to replace the climb-dive ladder, and the planned flight test evaluation of the ASAR HUD for endorsement as a PFR. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jenkins, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 333 EP 345 DI 10.1117/12.487423 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700032 ER PT S AU Jenkins, JC Thurling, AJ Brown, BD AF Jenkins, JC Thurling, AJ Brown, BD BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Ownship status helmet-mounted display symbology for off-boresight tactical applications SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display; spatial orientation; symbology; unusual attitude; off-boresight AB Ownship status helmet-mounted display (HMD) symbology for off-boresight use in fixed-wing tactical aircraft serves to convey aircraft state information (e.g., airspeed, heading, altitude, and attitude) to the pilot for increased situation awareness and maintenance of spatial orientation. A recent flight test evaluation of HMD symbology conducted by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Edwards AFB Test Pilot School (TPS) indicated a clear performance advantage afforded by the use of off-boresight symbology compared to HUD use alone. The results indicated that the Non-Distributed Flight Reference (NDFR) was the best format of the HMD symbol sets evaluated and served as a good information/orientation aid off-boresight but needs further development to realize its tactical benefit. Specifically, the TPS recommendations pointed to a need for an improved rate-of-change (i.e., trend) indicator for airspeed and altitude, as well as an improvement to the off-boresight attitude reference concerning attitude precision (i.e., climb-dive), particularly near straight and level flight. Based on these recommendations, AFRL modified the original design of the NDFR symbology to satisfy the deficiencies noted by the Edwards AFB TPS. Two variants of the NDFR format with modifications for conveying trend information for airspeed and altitude as well as precision of aircraft attitude were evaluated along with the Mil-Std-1787C HUD symbology and baseline NDFR format. The study examined the four symbol sets during two simulated operationally representative air-to-air intercept tasks that employed the use of an HMD for the off-boresight visual acquisition of a target aircraft. Overall, the NDFR/Odometer symbology allowed a significantly higher amount of off-boresight viewing time while equaling the HUD and other off-boresight symbol sets for primary task performance and proved to be the preferred format for trend mechanization based on pilot comments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jenkins, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 346 EP 360 DI 10.1117/12.487419 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700033 ER PT S AU Havig, PR Martinsen, GL Post, DL Reis, GA Heft, EL AF Havig, PR Martinsen, GL Post, DL Reis, GA Heft, EL BE Rash, CE Reese, CE TI Chromaticity and luminance requirements for colored symbology in night vision goggles SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS VIII: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet and Head-Mounted Displays VIII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE luminance contrast ratio; night vision goggle; color coding; color recognition; symbology ID CONTRAST AB Recent advances in display technology have made it possible to superimpose color-coded symbology on the images produced by night vision goggles (NVGs). The resulting color mixture shifts the symbology's hue and saturation, which can impede recognition of the color code. We are developing, luminance-contrast specifications for color-coded NVG symbology to ensure accurate color recognition. C1 USAF, HECV, Crew Syst Interface Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havig, PR (reprint author), USAF, HECV, Crew Syst Interface Div, Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4938-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5079 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1117/12.486336 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BX69N UT WOS:000186145700034 ER PT S AU Ryan, P Milster, S Drummond, J AF Ryan, P Milster, S Drummond, J BE Schultz, AB Lyon, RG TI Performance of coronagraph on AEOS 3.6m AO telescope SO HIGH-CONTRAST IMAGING FOR EXO-PLANET DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Contrast Imaging for Exo-Planet Detection CY AUG 23-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE AB Adaptive optics (AO) is useful in correcting the blurring effects of the atmosphere responsible for most energy in the halo of the point spread function. A coronagraph can further enhance faint companion searches by reducing the diffraction rings surrounding a well corrected image peak. Here, we use a coronagraph on the Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS) at the Maui Space Surveillance Complex (MSSC) to test these benefits. The spatial characteristics of the scattered energy produced at AEOS are explored from the viewpoint of searching for faint stellar companions. The benefit of using AO is found to be 3 to 4.5 stellar magnitudes for a ten second integration time at I to 2 microns, with the most benefit at radial distances less than one arcsecond. More advanced AO/coronagraphic systems should be able to produce even better results. Using AO and a coronagraph should be strongly considered when attempting to image faint companions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ryan, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Starfire Opt Range,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4639-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4860 BP 311 EP 314 DI 10.1117/12.457648 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW50C UT WOS:000182226900031 ER PT S AU Spencer, TA AF Spencer, TA BE Gold, SH Nusinovich, GS TI Current HPM source research SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY AND HIGH POWER RF SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th Workshop on High Energy Density and High Power RF CY JUN 22-26, 2003 CL BERKELEY SPRINGS, WV SP Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect, Naval Res Lab, US DOE C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Spencer, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0164-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 691 BP 46 EP 46 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BY28N UT WOS:000188784000005 ER PT B AU Redfield, R AF Redfield, R BE Hamza, MH TI Extreme mountain biking dynamics: Development of a bond graph model SO IASTED: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IASTED INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELLING AND SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IASTED International Conference on Modelling and Simulation CY FEB 24-26, 2003 CL PALM SPRINGS, CA SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, TC Modelling & Simulat, World Modelling & Simulat Forum DE mountain biking; vehicle dynamics; bond graphs AB A bond graph model of a mountain bike and rider is created to develop baseline predictions for the performance of mountain bikes during extreme maneuvers such as drops, jumps, hops, and crashes. The model assumes planar dynamics, a hard-tail (front suspension only) bicycle, and a rider fixed to the bicycle. An algorithm is developed to allow tracking of a virtual tire-ground contact point for events that separate the wheels from the ground. Simulations of a steep drop are performed for various initial conditions to qualitatively validate the predictions of the model. Results from this model are to be compared to experimental data, and more complex models in later publications. Long range goals are to predict structural forces from extreme maneuvers, quantify performance differences between hard-tails and full suspension bicycles, and to examine rider-bicycle interaction to hypothesize human control algorithms that allow riders to perform extreme maneuvers well and safely. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Redfield, R (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACTA PRESS PI CALGARY PA B6, STE 101, 2509 DIEPPE AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T3E 7J9, CANADA BN 0-88986-337-7 PY 2003 BP 450 EP 455 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BY15F UT WOS:000187954400079 ER PT B AU Tomasic, B Turtle, J Schmier, R Bharj, S Liu, S Oleski, P AF Tomasic, B Turtle, J Schmier, R Bharj, S Liu, S Oleski, P BE Bonefacic, D TI Transmit-receive isolation in phased array antennas for duplex communication systems SO ICECOM 2003, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications (ICECom 2003) CY OCT 01-03, 2003 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA SP Minist Sci & Technol Republic Croatia, Croatian Telecom Inc, VIPnet doo, City Zagreb, Ist Italiano Cultura Zagabria, Storm Comp doo, Transmitters & Relays (OIV), Micro Link doo, IEEE Reg 8, Univ Zagreb, Fac Elect Engn & Comp, Int Ctr Croatian Univ AB In this paper we identify the generic coupling mechanism between transmit and receive channels ill phased array antennas providing full duplex communication links to multiple users. The, transmitter-to-receiver coupling degrades the receive S/N and produces unwanted spurious signals in the receive hand. Both effects can be reduced to sufficiently low level by increasing isolation between the transmit and receive channels using, filters oil the transmit as well as on the receive side. We developed a, procedure to analyze the coupling effects and to determine the necessary filter characteristics for a typical T/R module configuration and array architect tire. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tomasic, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREMA PI ZAGREB PA UNSKA 3, ZAGREB, 00000, CROATIA BN 953-6037-39-4 PY 2003 BP 360 EP 365 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BAF48 UT WOS:000222016900087 ER PT B AU Chen, BY Lei, F Zhang, QP Cao, PW AF Chen, BY Lei, F Zhang, QP Cao, PW GP EMIS EMIS TI The EMC design for circuit modules in testing system SO ICEMI'2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT & INSTRUMENTS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments CY AUG 18-21, 2003 CL TAIYUAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP GIS, CIE, IEEE, CNNSF DE plug-in modules; circuit modules; electromagnetic AB In this paper the electromagnetic compatibility for plug-in modules of testing system is predicted, analysed, calculated and designed As a result the electromagnetic compatibility and reliability of system design is guaranteed. C1 USAF, Equipment Inst Missile Technol & Serv, Beijing 100076, Peoples R China. RP Chen, BY (reprint author), USAF, Equipment Inst Missile Technol & Serv, Beijing 100076, Peoples R China. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE INSTITUTE ELECTRONICS PI HARBIN PA HARBIN INSTITUTE TECHNOLOGY NO. 92, WEST DA-ZHI STREET, HEILONGJIANG, HARBIN 150001, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 2003 BP 1255 EP 1259 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX80T UT WOS:000186493600288 ER PT B AU Kneeland, TF Raines, RA Temple, MA Baldwin, RO AF Kneeland, TF Raines, RA Temple, MA Baldwin, RO GP IEEE TI Performance evaluation and analysis of effective range and data throughput for unmodified bluetooth communication devices SO ICON 2003: 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON) CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Singapore, Univ New S Wales, IEEE, IEEE NSW, Cisco Syst, Univ Sydney, Smart Internet Technol CRC, Univ Technol Sydney, IICT DE distance measurement; information rates; position measurement; wireless LAN AB Office devices utilizing Bluetooth technology simplify device configuration and communication. They provide the means to wirelessly communicate over short distances thereby eliminating the need for different vendor specific wires and interfaces. One of the key concerns with new communication technology is security and in particular wireless communication interception. Studies focusing on IEEE 802.11b have shown vulnerability zones that reflect the ranges at which wireless communications can be intercepted. This research identifies the vulnerability zones in which Bluetooth transmissions can potentially be intercepted. Specifically, the orientation of Bluetooth device antenna and the distance between devices are varied to determine ranges at which set levels of throughput can be achieved for a specific device configuration. Throughput ranges are then mapped to graphically reflect vulnerability zones. We show that the range at which Bluetooth communication can occur with unmodified devices is more than twice the minimum standard outlined in the core specification without degradation of throughput level. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kneeland, TF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 642, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7788-5 PY 2003 BP 665 EP 671 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BY57K UT WOS:000189411800110 ER PT J AU Howe, E Wood, A AF Howe, Eric Wood, Aihua TI TE Solutions of an Integral Equations Method for Electromagnetic Scattering From a 2-D Cavity SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Integral equations; moment methods; scattering; two-dimensional (2-D) cavity AB In this letter, we implement a set of scalar integral equations that govern the electromagnetic scattering from a two-dimensional cavity embedded in an infinite, perfectly conducting ground plane. The cavity may be empty or filled with a dielectric material. We solve the equations via the method of moments for an incident plane wave in TE polarization and compute the monostatic echo width. We give an error estimate of the method and compare our results with those found by a published integral equation solver and a finite-element method scheme. C1 [Howe, Eric; Wood, Aihua] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENC, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Howe, E (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENC, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Aihua.Wood@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-PO-990025] FX The research of this letter was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant AFOSR-PO-990025. The views expressed in this letter are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. Government. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2003 VL 2 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2003.814770 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA V22HH UT WOS:000208265800027 ER PT B AU Weimer, JA AF Weimer, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI The role of electric machines and drives in the more electric aircraft SO IEEE IEMDC'03: IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRIC MACHINES AND DRIVES CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electronic Machines and Drives Conference CY JUN 01-04, 2003 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, IEEE Power Elect Soc, IEEE Power Engn Soc AB The fundamental more electric aircraft (MEA) concept, which removes hydraulic, pneumatic and gearbox driven subsystems in favor of electrical driven subsystems, has necessitated the development of high performance starter/generator systems and compact lightweight motor drives. This paper summarizes technology developments made during the ten years since the Inception of the Air Force's MEA initiative. Emphasis will be placed on describing advancements in power electronic components necessary to realize advancements in starter/generator and motor drive systems to meet Air Force needs. Specific examples of the advantages afforded by silicon carbide switch and rectifier integration and high energy density capacitor and magnetic technologies will be presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Power Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weimer, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Power Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7817-2 PY 2003 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BW96X UT WOS:000183794800002 ER PT B AU Mailloux, RJ AF Mailloux, RJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Technology for array control - Invited SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 14-17, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID ANTENNAS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mailloux, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7827-X PY 2003 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1109/PAST.2003.1256953 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX97B UT WOS:000187062300006 ER PT B AU Curtis, DD Thomas, RW Payne, WJ Weedon, WH Deaett, MA AF Curtis, DD Thomas, RW Payne, WJ Weedon, WH Deaett, MA GP IEEE IEEE TI 32-channel X-band digital beamforming plug-and-play receive array SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 14-17, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Antenna Technol Branch,AFRL,SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Curtis, DD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Antenna Technol Branch,AFRL,SNHA, 80 Scott Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7827-X PY 2003 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1109/PAST.2003.1256982 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX97B UT WOS:000187062300035 ER PT B AU Tomasic, B Turtle, J Liu, S Schmier, R Bharj, S Oleski, P AF Tomasic, B Turtle, J Liu, S Schmier, R Bharj, S Oleski, P GP IEEE IEEE TI The geodesic dome phased array antenna for satellite control and communication - Subarray design, development and demonstration SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 14-17, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we present the design, development and demonstration of an L/S band subarray - a basic building block of a geodesic dome phased array antenna. As previously reported, the geodesic dome array is a highly effective, multi-function, low cost spherical phased array antenna that provides hemispherical coverage. The antenna consists of a number of near-equilateral triangular, planar subarrays arranged in an icosahedral geodesic dome configuration. This novel architecture design preserves all the advantages of a spherical phased array antenna while its fabrication is based on well-developed, easily manufacturable, and affordable planar array technology. The antenna can be used for simultaneous, full-duplex communication and control of multiple satellites, and for air/space surveillance over the entire sky. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tomasic, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7827-X PY 2003 BP 411 EP 416 DI 10.1109/PAST.2003.1257017 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX97B UT WOS:000187062300070 ER PT J AU Bryant, ML Gostin, LL Soumekh, M AF Bryant, ML Gostin, LL Soumekh, M TI 3-D E-CSAR imaging of a T-72 tank and synthesis of its SAR reconstructions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID RADAR AB The results of three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of a T-72 tank using its angular azimuthal (turntable) and linear elevation synthetic aperture data at X band are presented. This is achieved using an accurate and computationally efficient wavefront (Fourier-based) reconstruction algorithm for elevation and circular (E-CSAR) data. The E-CSAR 3-D images are then used. to synthesize 2-D spotlight and stripmap slant plane synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the target at a desired range and squint angle. For this purpose, a procedure is introduced that incorporates the spatially varying azimuthal and elevation Doppler signatures of individual reflectors on the target as well as the mean range, azimuth, and elevation of the flight path. Results using the E-CSAR images of the T-72 tank are provided. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Target Recognit Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Radar Syst Div, Cobb Cty Res Facil, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Bryant, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Target Recognit Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 211 EP 227 DI 10.1109/TAES.2003.1188905 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 655TX UT WOS:000181569700016 ER PT J AU Van, T Wood, AW AF Van, T Wood, AW TI Finite element analysis of electromagnetic scattering from a cavity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Dirichlet-Neumann map; finite element method; 2-D cavity AB In this paper, a finite element method (FEM) is implemented to compute the radar cross section of a two-dimensional (2-D) cavity embedded in an infinite ground plane. The method is based on the variational formulation. which uses the Fourier transform to couple the fields outside the cavity and those inside the cavity; hence, the scattering problem can be reduced to a bounded domain. The convergence of the discrete finite element problem is analyzed. Numerical results are presented and compared with those obtained by the standard finite element-Green function method and by the 2-D integral equation method. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Van, T (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.808517 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 657FQ UT WOS:000181655600017 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Starzyk, JA Ensley, DD AF Nelson, DE Starzyk, JA Ensley, DD TI Iterated wavelet transformation and signal discrimination for HRR radar target recognition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE automatic target resolution; feature selection; high range resolution radar; rough sets; wavelets AB This paper explores the use of wavelets to improve the selection of discriminant features in the target recognition problem using high range resolution (HRR) radar signals in an air to air scenario. We show that there is statistically no difference among four different wavelet families in extracting discriminatory features. Since similar results can be obtained from any of the four wavelet families and wavelets within the families, the simplest wavelet (Haar) should be used. We use the box classifier,to select the 128 most salient pseudo range bins and then apply the wavelet transform to this reduced set of bins. We show that by iteratively applying this approach, classifier performance is improved. We call this the iterated wavelet transform. The number of times the feature reduction and transformation can be performed while producing improved classifier performance is small and the transformed features are shown to quickly cause the performance to approach an asymptote. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio Univ, Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Dept Comp Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USAF, Warner Robins Air Logist Ctr, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Dale.Nelson@wpafb.af.mil NR 19 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4427 EI 1558-2426 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2003.808253 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 691HU UT WOS:000183600800005 ER PT B AU Cooley, T Cipar, J Lockwood, R Grigsby, P AF Cooley, T Cipar, J Lockwood, R Grigsby, P GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Terrain categorization using a background spectral library SO IGARSS 2003: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS I - VII, PROCEEDINGS: LEARNING FROM EARTH'S SHAPES AND SIZES SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2003) CY JUL 21-25, 2003 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP IEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Ctr Natl Etudes Spatiales, NASA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US Dept Commerce, Off Naval Res, eesa, NPOESS, NASDA, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, uRSi AB We describe development of a background spectral library for northeastern Virginia, USA, based on hyperspectral images and an extensive land cover. database. The library consists of mean spectra and standard deviations measured in 14 areas of uniform land cover. Terrain categorization products include classification maps and fractional abundance maps determined by linear mixture analysis. There is excellent qualitative agreement between the linear unmixing results and the known land covers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Cooley, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7929-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2003 BP 1029 EP 1031 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY01Z UT WOS:000187293500339 ER PT S AU Gaulden, RA Gustafson, SC AF Gaulden, RA Gustafson, SC BE Dougherty, ER Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO TI Optimal nonlinear interpolation of image line scans SO IMAGE PROCESSING: ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems II CY JAN 21-23, 2003 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE AB This paper describes and illustrates an optimal nonlinear interpolation method that is appropriate for image line scans. It is particularly suitable for the restoration of digital images corrupted by "salt and pepper" noise in which isolated pixels are driven to their minimum or maximum gray values. It assigns gray values to these pixels so that the original smoothness of each line scan is maintained. The method is significant in that smoothness invariance is not achieved using, for example, ordinary low-pass or standard wavelet filtering methods to remove "salt and pepper" noise. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gaulden, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4814-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5014 BP 466 EP 469 DI 10.1117/12.497849 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW93T UT WOS:000183702100047 ER PT S AU Eismann, MT Hardie, RC AF Eismann, MT Hardie, RC BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Initialization and convergence of the stochastic mixing model SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry IX CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; spectral unmixing; stochastic mixing model AB An investigation of methods for class mean and covariance initialization of a stochastic mixing model for hyperspectral imagery is described along with other relevant issues concerning algorithm convergence such as updating of the class priors, constraining the mixture classes and the number of fraction levels and endmember classes. The various refinements of the iterative algorithm are presented and tested on synthetically-generated test data as well as real reflective hyperspectral imagery, and recommendations are made concerning how the stochastic mixing model can be best implemented. The results show that the refined stochastic mixing model is a robust approach for unmixing hyperspectral imagery with different levels of complexity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5032-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5159 BP 307 EP 318 DI 10.1117/12.499680 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY54U UT WOS:000189405500033 ER PT S AU Hughes, DH AF Hughes, DH BE Bell, AJ Wickerhauser, MV Szu, HH TI Empirical mode decomposition of some nonstationary signals SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, WAVELETS, AND NEURAL NETWORKS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, and Neural Networks CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE empirical mode decomposition; Hilbert spectra; nonlinear dynamics; signal processing; principal components; catastrophe flags AB Empirical mode decomposition, or Huang decomposition, is used to extract transition signatures from the nonlinear dynamics of spatially and temporally varying oscillators. Two types of transitions are studied, the delay transition and the Maxwell transition, which correspond in thermodynamics to first and second order phase transitions respectively. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Hughes, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, 525 Brooks Rd, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4962-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5102 BP 290 EP 301 DI 10.1117/12.484817 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BW93S UT WOS:000183701900029 ER PT S AU Cardimona, DA Huang, DH Le, DT Gingrich, HS Serna, MA AF Cardimona, DA Huang, DH Le, DT Gingrich, HS Serna, MA BE Strojnik, M TI Advanced IR detector devices and concepts for remote sensing SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing XI CY AUG 06-08, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE QWIP; quantum well; QDIP; quantum dot; infrared; tunable detection; polarization ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTOR; QUANTUM-WELL; GRATING-COUPLER AB In the Advanced Detectors Research Group within the Space-Based Optical Sensing Center of Excellence in the Spacecraft Technology Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Space Vehicles Directorate, we look to enhance existing detector technologies and develop new detector capabilities for future space-based surveillance missions. To that end, we present some ideas for tuning the wavelength response of detectors throughout the IR (using applied electric or magnetic fields or via a lateral biasing technique). We also present a concept for detecting the full polarization vector of a signal within a single pixel of a quantum well detector. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Dirctorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cardimona, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Dirctorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5025-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5152 BP 316 EP 326 DI 10.1117/12.511249 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY02A UT WOS:000187293600033 ER PT S AU Silverman, J Rotman, SR AF Silverman, J Rotman, SR BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Strojnik, M TI Segmentations of hyperspectral imagery: Techniques and applications SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXV111, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXVIII CY JUL 07-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral data; clustering; segmentation; morphological operations ID INFRARED IMAGERY AB Several approaches for segmenting hyperspectral data and automatically detecting unusual objects in natural scenes are discussed. We demonstrate segmentations of hyperspectral imagery based on of the most significant principal components of the hyperspectral data cube. Several applications of the segmented data are treated.. Digital morphological operations can be used to isolate segments that match target criteria. Alternatively, background segments can be used to define background vridmembers; pixels that are quantitatively spectrally different from the background can then be designated. Analog morphological operations can then be used for clutter rejection and for the detection of objects of particular size and shape. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNHI, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Silverman, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNHI, 80 Scott Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RI ROTMAN, STANLEY/F-1390-2012 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4588-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4820 BP 334 EP 349 DI 10.1117/12.457627 PN 1&2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW42G UT WOS:000181952000039 ER PT S AU Brown, GJ Houston, S Szmulowicz, F Mahalingam, K Haugan, H Wei, Y Gin, A Razeghi, M AF Brown, GJ Houston, S Szmulowicz, F Mahalingam, K Haugan, H Wei, Y Gin, A Razeghi, M BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF TI Type-II superlattice photodiodes: An alternative for VLWIR detection SO INFRARED TECHNOLOLGY AND APPLICATIONS XXIX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXIX Conference CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; detector; superlattice; photodiodes ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; INFRARED DETECTORS; INAS/INXGA1-XSB SUPERLATTICES; MU-M; PERFORMANCE; OPTIMIZATION; RANGE AB In the very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) band, lambda>14 microns, the detector materials are currently limited to extrinsic semiconductors. These extrinsic materials can be either heavily doped bulk semiconductor, like silicon or germanium, or a doped quantum well heterostructure. An alternative choice that provides the opportunity for higher temperature operation for VLWIR sensing is an intrinsic material based on a type-II InAs/Ga(In)Sb superlattice. There are many possible designs for these superlattices which will produce the same narrow band gap by adjusting individual layer thicknesses, indium content or substrate orientation. The infrared properties of various compositions and designs of these type-II superlattices have been studied. In the past few years, excellent results have been obtained on photoconductive and photodiode samples designed for infrared detection beyond 15 microns. An overview of the status of this material system will be presented. In addition, the latest experimental results for superlattice photodiodes with cut-off wavelengths as long as 30 microns will be covered. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009; Gin, Aaron/E-3647-2010 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4933-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5074 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1117/12.488437 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY23C UT WOS:000188359400022 ER PT B AU Anderson, M Dover, D Vickers, RN AF Anderson, M Dover, D Vickers, RN BE Anumba, CJ TI Lightweight, blast-resistant doors for retrofit protection against the terrorist threat SO INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING AND CONTRUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Innovative Developments in Architecture, Engineering and Construction CY JUN 25-27, 2003 CL Loughborough, ENGLAND SP Ctr Innovat Construct Engn, Dept Civil & Bldg Engn, Loughborough Univ, Loughborough LE113TU, Inst Civil Engn, Int Council Res& Innovat Bldg & Construct, Royal Inst British Architects DE blast resistant; doors; retrofit; blast pressure AB Recent research at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has solved the difficult problem of lightweight, blast-resistant doors which can be used in structural retrofits (or new construction) to combat the threat of terrorist bombing. The overriding key in all "protective designs" is to define the weakest points in a structure and then reduce the threat at those points. Doors have always been one of the weakest points in most structures, primarily because of the requirement for convenient human access. In some hardened structures, very thick steel doors provide adequate blast protection; but these heavyweight doors are not readily adaptable to more general-purpose, lighter-weight structures, such as businesses and homes. The design problems which must be addressed in creating a lightweight, blast-resistant door can be grouped into three general areas: (1) the door must be lightweight; (2) the door must be capable of withstanding the blast-pressure; and (3) the frame must be capable of holding the blast-resistant door. The first two areas are obvious, but the latter is often overlooked. Stated more specifically, if the "blast-proof' door cannot be contained by the door frame, it will become a large, rigid, and life-threatening projectile. The paper first briefly discusses the evolution of the extraordinary AFRL door design. For example, basic design concepts gleaned from previous AFRL work on blast protection are briefly discussed in the context of their adaptation into the door design. However, the body of the paper focuses on the specific materials and techniques used to create the AFRL lightweight, blast-resistant doors. These doors use a patent-pending design to resist blast-pressures far above any commercially-available "lightweight" door. In fact, the AFRL blast-resistant doors can achieve protection, with a relatively simple retrofit, that would otherwise require significant and substantial structural modifications (modifications which may not even be possible in many lighter-weight structures). Results from AFRL blast tests on the doors are presented, which clearly show their capability under extremely high blast pressures. Finally, a discussion of the design concepts used in the AFRL lightweight, blast-resistant doors is presented which strongly supports the subjective conclusion that the door may be scaled to more traditional sizes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Deployed Base Syst Branch, MLQD, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Anderson, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Deployed Base Syst Branch, MLQD, 139 Barnes Dr,Ste 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-008-0 PY 2003 BP 249 EP 261 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Construction & Building Technology SC Computer Science; Construction & Building Technology GA BY82K UT WOS:000189471800024 ER PT B AU Anderson, M Dover, D AF Anderson, M Dover, D BE Anumba, CJ TI Sealed, blast-resistant windows for retrofit protection against the terrorist threat SO INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENTS IN ARCHITECTURE, ENGINEERING AND CONTRUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Innovative Developments in Architecture, Engineering and Construction CY JUN 25-27, 2003 CL Loughborough, ENGLAND SP Ctr Innovat Construct Engn, Dept Civil & Bldg Engn, Loughborough Univ, Loughborough LE113TU, Inst Civil Engn, Int Council Res& Innovat Bldg & Construct, Royal Inst British Architects DE blast resistant; windows; retrofit; polymer membranes; damping chamber AB Recent world events have drawn attention to threats that extend beyond deployed forces, i.e., terror threats to the civilian population. A protective design approach for retrofit of existing structures has become increasingly palatable, despite the high costs, because of terror threats that were once considered "remote." Windows have always been one of the weakest points in most structures, primarily because of the requirement for transparency. Recent research at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has addressed the difficult problem of retrofitting windows to provide inside space protection against the "combined threat" of a bomb blast followed by a chemical or biological (i.e., chem-bio) attack. In the recent Gulf War, several specific threats were highlighted for both US military forces and Israeli civilians. The most obvious threat to civilians in that conflict was explosive, as about forty SCUD missiles were launched into civilian areas of Israel. Less obvious, but even more potentially dangerous, was the threat of chem-bio weapons of mass destruction. Recognizing the weakness of entry points to chem-bio contamination, many Israeli civilians used plastic sheeting on the interior side of their windows during periods of increased threat. Recent research at AFRL has shown that, although cost-effective, this approach is woefully inadequate at the blast-pressures which would be expected in a terror attack, as clearly demonstrated by a sequence of still frames taken from blast test videotapes. The paper briefly discusses early pioneering work at AFRL that dealt with the use of clear polymer membranes (i.e., plastic sheets) to combat the combined threat, but the body of the paper focuses on recent developments in the evolution of "membrane" windows. The AFRL windows will resist blast pressures a full order of magnitude greater than typical "blast windows" on the commercial market, and will remain sealed against subsequent chem-bio attack, due to a patent-pending design which includes several key components: (1) polymer membranes, (2) a damping chamber, and (3) special anchoring techniques. And, with special mounting techniques, these windows can be scaled up to "store front" size, a key issue in many terror-threatened areas. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, while the windows may lose their transparency following a significant blast event, they are otherwise crystal-clear. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Deployed Base Syst Branch, MLQD, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Anderson, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Deployed Base Syst Branch, MLQD, 139 Barnes Dr,Ste 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-008-0 PY 2003 BP 263 EP 276 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Construction & Building Technology SC Computer Science; Construction & Building Technology GA BY82K UT WOS:000189471800025 ER PT J AU Riehl, B Subramanyam, G Biggers, R Campbell, A Van Keuls, FW Miranda, FA Tomlin, D AF Riehl, B Subramanyam, G Biggers, R Campbell, A Van Keuls, FW Miranda, FA Tomlin, D TI Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured BSTO thin-films for microwave applications SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 09-12, 2003 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO DE ferroelectrics; BSTO thin-films; nanostructured thin-films; PLD; tunable microwave devices ID PULSED-LASER ABLATION; PHASE-TRANSITION; PARTICLE-SIZE; SILICON AB Nanophase synthesis of ferroelectric thin-films of Ba-0.6 Sr 0.4TiO3 (BSTO) was studied systematically for applications in tunable microwave components. Synthesis of nanostructured BSTO was performed using a pulsed-laser deposition system with real-time in-situ process control. The main research goal was to utilize the pulsed laser deposition parameters to control the grain growth for low microwave loss nanostructured BSTO thin-films on crystalline substrates such as LaAlO3 . These parameters include the energy density of the laser pulses, wavelength, oxygen partial pressure, distance between the target and the substrate, and the substrate temperature. The nanostructural characterization was performed using XRD, SEM and AFM. Microwave characterization was done using coplanar waveguide lines to characterize the frequency dependent dielectric properties (epsilon(r) and tan delta). BSTO films were grown at the same measured temperature and energy density but in different oxygen ambient pressures from 19 mTorr through 300 mTorr. Using contact mode AFM, the grain size was found to decrease as the oxygen ambient pressure was reduced from 150 mTorr to 38 mTorr. The growth process changed when the pressure was increased above 150 mTorr. Nanocluster structures rather than nanoparticles were found at 225 mTorr. Average grain sizes less than 100 nm were obtained to oxygen pressures below 75 mTorr. The XRD spectra indicate the highly crystalline nature of the film. Microwave measurements, performed between 9-18 GHz, suggest the nano-structured BSTO thin-films on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates are highly tunable (up to 25%). C1 Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Tech Management Concepts Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 EI 1607-8489 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2003 VL 55 BP 825 EP 837 DI 10.1080/10584580390259272 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 758GM UT WOS:000187625800008 ER PT B AU Rangaswamy, M AF Rangaswamy, M BE Hexmoor, H TI Adaptive radar signal processing - The problem of exponential computational cost SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS: KIMAS'03: MODELING, EXPLORATION, AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intenzive Multi-Agent Systems CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2003 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Neural Network Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA ID COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; VECTOR SUBSPACE DETECTION; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; DETECTION ALGORITHM; HETEROGENEOUS CLUTTER; MATCHED-FILTER; STAP TESTS; DETECTORS; MATRIX AB This paper provides a survey of space-time adaptive processing for radar target detection. Specifically, early work on adaptive array processing from the point of view of maximum signal-to-noise-ratio and minimum mean squared error perspectives are briefly reviewed for motivation. The sample matrix inversion method of Reed, Mallet and Brennan is discussed with attention devoted to its convergence properties. Variants of this approach such as the Kelly GLRT, adaptive matched filter and ACE tests are considered. Extensions to handle the case of non-Gaussian clutter statistics are presented. Current challenges of limited training data support, computational cost, and severely heterogeneous clutter backgrounds are outlined. Implementation and performance issues pertaining to reduced rank and model-based parametric approaches are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7958-6 PY 2003 BP 264 EP 269 DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2003.1245055 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BX83C UT WOS:000186578300044 ER PT B AU Weigand, KA AF Weigand, KA BE Hexmoor, H TI Toward wisdom in procedural reasoning: DBI, not BDI SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATION OF KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS: KIMAS'03: MODELING, EXPLORATION, AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Integration of Knowledge Intenzive Multi-Agent Systems CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2003 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Neural Network Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, INNS, USAF, USA, USN, DARPA AB Belief Desire, Intention (BDI) procedural reasoning agent systems are founded on philosophic presuppositions that may be reassessed to aid the construction of sapient (wise) agents. This paper proposes a fundamental shift in order from BDI to DBI such that desire precedes belief and intention. This re-ordering may improve the ability of agent systems to wisely utilize procedural reasoning. This re-ordering to DBI is driven by interdisciplinary integration including the process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead and philosophy of embodiment of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. Their philosophic shift aids the re-definition of desire as the perception of affordances in the world. This new degree of freedom in the operation of procedural reasoning enables the use of human-in-the-loop evaluation qualities of aesthetic, affective, and emotional value structures or cue saliency constellations. These affective symbolisms may support dynamic re-structuring necessary for wisely adapting procedures to unknowable futures. C1 AFRL IFSD, AF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Weigand, KA (reprint author), AFRL IFSD, AF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 2241 Av Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7958-6 PY 2003 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1109/KIMAS.2003.1245077 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BX83C UT WOS:000186578300066 ER PT J AU Yang, B Mall, S AF Yang, B Mall, S TI Cohesive-shear-lag model for cycling stress-strain behavior of unidirectional ceramic matrix composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE ceramics matrix composites; fatigue behavior; cohesive-shear-lag model; fatigue damage mechanisms; fiber fracture; cycling stress-strain response ID SIMULATION; FATIGUE AB During fatigue tests of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), the stress-strain hysteresis loops undergo typically through various changes in shape and size before they stabilize after many cycles. These hysteresis loops are a good representation of intrinsic deformation and damage modes occurring in the materials. The present study proposes a cohesive-shear-lag model to analyze the cyclic stress-strain behavior of unidirectional fiber-reinforced CMCs. The model, as a modification to classical shear-lag model, takes into account the effects of spatially distributed fracture of a partial number of fibers as well as matrix cracking and partial interfacial debonding. The effect of the distributed fibers fracture is modeled in an average sense by using a cohesive damage law. The proposed model has been utilized to investigate the stress-strain hysteresis loops of a unidirectional fiber-reinforced ceramic-glass matrix composite, SiC/1723. The results demonstrate its capability not only in characterizing the cycling stress-strain behavior but also in tracking the progressive damage process that occurred during the tension-tension fatigue of the composite. The dominant progressive damage mechanisms in this case were found to be accumulation of fibers breakage, growth of fiber-matrix interfacial debond, and smoothening of frictional debonded interface, following matrix cracking, which presumably occurred in the first few cycles. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1056-7895 J9 INT J DAMAGE MECH JI Int. J. Damage Mech. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 45 EP 64 DI 10.1177/105678903031109 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 876GV UT WOS:000225485600003 ER PT J AU Jensen, D Wood, J Wood, K AF Jensen, D Wood, J Wood, K TI Hands-on activities, interactive multimedia and improved team dynamics for enhancing mechanical engineering curricula SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION AB The focus in engineering education is moving from an emphasis on theory to a balance between concrete experiences and analysis. This paper reports on such initiatives made to the Mechanical Engineering curricula at the US Air Force Academy and at the University of Texas, Austin. In particular, these two institutions have been collaborating for the last four years to improve ME courses through new initiatives in three areas: 1) use of hands-on activities, 2) incorporation of interactive multimedia, and 3) new tools to improve team dynamics. The development, implementation and assessment for this project are described below, along with extensive references describing the details of each individual improvement. For example, we have quantitatively measured significant improvements in team performance for our design courses. We have also seen dramatic increases in student interest level in the machine design courses. Based on these results, specific suggestions on how these educational enhancements might be implemented at other institutions are given. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Engn Mech, Austin, TX USA. RP Jensen, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H2, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM djensen@usafa.af.mil NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DUBLIN PA DUBLIN INST TECHNOLOGY, BOLTON ST, DUBLIN, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 874 EP 884 PG 11 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 767QP UT WOS:000188464400012 ER PT J AU Hartson, HR Andre, TS Williges, RC AF Hartson, HR Andre, TS Williges, RC TI Criteria for evaluating usability evaluation methods (vol 13, pg 373, 2001) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Correction ID DAMAGED MERCHANDISE; WALKTHROUGHS; INTERFACE; ISSUES C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci 0106, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hartson, HR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci 0106, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM hartson@vt.edu NR 72 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-7318 EI 1532-7590 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT INT JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 145 EP 181 DI 10.1207/S15327590IJHC1501_13 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 647RV UT WOS:000181108600012 ER PT J AU Yang, SY Tansel, IN Kropas-Hughes, CV AF Yang, SY Tansel, IN Kropas-Hughes, CV TI Selection of optimal material and operating conditions in composite manufacturing. Part I: computational tool SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE neural networks; genetic algorithm; composite material; optimization ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS AB The Genetically Optimized Neural Network System (GONNS) is proposed as a human-like decision-making tool for the selection of optimum composite material and operating conditions. Multiple neural networks represent the characteristics of the system after a training process and genetic algorithms find the optimum operating conditions. The error of the GONNS was found to be less than 1% when the neural networks-represented analytical functions and genetic algorithms were used to select the optimal conditions. The GONNS is very promising for many complex optimization problems when analytical equations are not available to represent the characteristics of the system. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Engn & Appl Sci, Miami, FL 33174 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tansel, IN (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Engn & Appl Sci, 10555 W Flagler St, Miami, FL 33174 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 169 EP 173 AR PII S0890-6955(02)00132-3 DI 10.1016/S0890-6955(02)00132-3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 624QU UT WOS:000179772500008 ER PT J AU Yang, SY Girivasan, V Singh, NR Tansel, IN Kropas-Hughes, CV AF Yang, SY Girivasan, V Singh, NR Tansel, IN Kropas-Hughes, CV TI Selection of optimal material and operating conditions in composite manufacturing. Part II: complexity, representation of characteristics and decision making SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE neural networks; genetic algorithm; composite material; STL; optimization; complexity AB An automated procedure is proposed to select the optimum material and processing conditions for composite materials. The complexity of the part is estimated from the STL files of the CAD/CAM programs by evaluating the angles between the triangles, which cover the surface. A correction algorithm identifies the holes and calculates the complexity without considering the triangles at their surfaces if they will be drilled later. Using multiple neural networks represented the most important characteristics of the composite material manufacturing for the user. For each considered material one genetic algorithm is assigned to select the optimal operating conditions. The optimal material is selected by comparing the good qualities of each material after the optimization. The proposed procedure is very attractive for optimization of complex systems when multiple approaches and their several characteristics are considered. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Engn & Appl Sci, Miami, FL 33174 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tansel, IN (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Engn & Appl Sci, 10555 W Flagler St, Miami, FL 33174 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 175 EP 184 AR PII S0890-6955(02)00133-5 DI 10.1016/S0890-6955(02)00133-5 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 624QU UT WOS:000179772500009 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Williams, S Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Midey, AJ Williams, S Miller, TM Viggiano, AA TI Reactions of O-2(+), NO+ and H3O+ with methylcyclohexane (C7H14) and cyclooctane (C8H16) from 298 to 700 K SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE proton transfer; hydride transfer; charge transfer; cycloalkanes; kinetics; dissociation ID TRACE GAS-ANALYSIS; ION FLOW TUBE; CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; MOLECULE REACTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; AIR; ALKANES; TEMPERATURES AB Rate constants and branching fractions have been measured as a function of temperature for the reactions Of O-2(+), NO+ and H3O+ with methylcyclohexane (C7H14) and cyclooctane (C8H16) using fast flow tube methods. The reactions of O-2(+) with both cyclic molecules proceed via non-dissociative and dissociative charge transfer at the capture collision rate from 298 to 700 K. From 298 to 500 K, NO+ reacts with the two neutral reagents via non-dissociative hydride transfer, and from 500 to 700 K, an increasing fraction of the reaction products are due to dissociative hydride transfer. The rate constants for NO+ reacting with both C7H14 and C8H16 equal the capture collision rate constants at all temperatures. The H3O+ reactions proceed at less than or equal to38% and less than or equal to22% of the capture collision rate with C7H14 and C8H16, respectively. The rate constants display a negative temperature dependence with both reagents from 298 to 500 K. Reaction products observed in the H3O+ reactions include association, non-dissociative proton transfer and dissociative proton transfer. Increasing amounts of the dissociation products are observed at higher temperatures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Midey, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 1-3 BP 413 EP 430 AR PII S1387-3806(02)00996-X DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(02)00996-X PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 630JW UT WOS:000180104600030 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, SK Palazotto, AN AF Naboulsi, SK Palazotto, AN TI Non-linear static-dynamic finite element formulation for composite shells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE finite element; co-rotational; total Lagrangian; Jaumann's stress and strain; Green's stress and strain; large rotation; large displacement; deformation decomposition ID SHEAR-DEFORMATION-THEORY; HIGHER-ORDER THEORY; CYLINDRICAL-SHELLS; POLAR DECOMPOSITION; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; PLATES; ALGORITHMS; VIBRATION; PANELS AB Three non-linear finite element formulations for a composite shell are discussed. They are the simplified large rotation (SLR), the large displacement large rotation (LDLR), and the Jaumann analysis of general shells (JAGS). The SLR and the LDLR theories are based on total Lagrangian approach, and the JAGS is based on a co-rotational approach. Both the SLR and LDLR theories represent the in-plane strains exactly the,same as Green's strain-displacement relations, whereas, only linear displacement terms are used to represent the transverse shear strain. However, a higher order kinematic through the thickness assumption is used in the SLR theory, which leads to parabolic transverse shear stress distribution compared to a first order kinematic through the thickness relationship used in the LDLR theory that leads to linear transverse shear stress distribution. Furthermore, the LDLR theory uses an Euler-like angle in the kinematics to account for the large displacement and rotation. The JAGS theory decomposes the deformation into stretches and rigid body rotations, where an orthogonal coordinate system translates and rotates with the deformed infinitesimal volume element. The Jaumann stresses and strains are used. Layer-wise stretching and shear warping through the thickness functions are used to model the three-dimensional behavior of the shell, where displacement and stress continuities are enforced along the ply interfaces. The kinematic behavior is related to the original undeformed coordinate system using the global displacements and their derivatives. Numerical analyses of composite shells are performed to compare the three theories. The commercial code ABAQUS is also used in this investigation as a comparison. Published by Elsevier, Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naboulsi, SK (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLINEAR MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 87 EP 110 AR PII S0020-7462(01)00049-X DI 10.1016/S0020-7462(01)00049-X PG 24 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 606DH UT WOS:000178717900009 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, SK Palazotto, AN AF Naboulsi, SK Palazotto, AN TI Damage model for metal-matrix composite under high intensity loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC SPIN; MECHANICS; FORMULATION; BEHAVIOR AB A damage model for a composite structure under high intensity dynamic loading is presented. The model is based on a thermodynamic micromechanic approach, which is formulated using the conservation laws and the energy balance equations (the first and second laws of thermodynamics). A homogenization or averaging technique is implemented in the development to simplify the representation of the non-homogeneous material. The metal-matrix composite's inelastic response is modeled using elastic-plastic constitutive relations considering finite plastic strain and damage effect. The damage model is validated with experimental data available in the literatures, and it shows fairly good agreement. A parametric study demonstrating the characteristics of the damage model is also presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naboulsi, SK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 435 EP 468 AR PII S0749-6419(01)00043-2 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(01)00043-2 PG 34 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 636GW UT WOS:000180447100003 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Pagano, NJ Kim, RY Spowart, JE AF Buryachenko, VA Pagano, NJ Kim, RY Spowart, JE TI Quantitative description and numerical simulation of random microstructures of composites and their effective elastic moduli SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE microstructures; inhomogeneous material; elastic material ID EFFECTIVE ELASTOPLASTIC BEHAVIOR; RANDOM CLOSE PACKING; SPATIAL CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; RANDOM SEQUENTIAL ADSORPTION; HARD-SPHERES; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MATRIX COMPOSITES; DISK PACKINGS AB A digital image processing technique is used for measurement of centroid coordinates of fibers with forthcoming estimation of statistical parameters and functions describing the stochastic structure of a real fiber composite. Comparative statistical analysis of the real and numerically simulated structure are performed. Accompanying of known methods of the generation of random configurations by the random shaking procedure allows creating of the most homogenized and mixed structures that do not depend on the initial protocol of particle generation. We consider a linearly elastic composite medium. which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a statistically homogeneous set of ellipsoidal inclusions. The multiparticle effective field method (see for references, Buryachenko, Appl. Mech, Rev., (2001a), 54, 1-47) based on the theory of functions of random variables and Green's functions is used for demonstration of the dependence of effective elastic moduli of fiber composites on the radial distribution functions estimated from the real experimental data as well as from the ensembles generated by the method proposed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Air Force Res Lab, AFRL MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 85 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 47 EP 72 AR PII S0020-7683(02)00462-6 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00462-6 PG 26 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 630HJ UT WOS:000180101200004 ER PT J AU Gorla, RSR Turner, EW AF Gorla, RSR Turner, EW TI Three dimensional Navier-Stokes analysis of a rigid wing configuration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TURBO & JET-ENGINES LA English DT Article AB The three dimensional, compressible Navier-Stokes equations were solved numerically in order to predict the details of transonic flow over a rigid Wing-C configuration. The Baldwin-Lomax and Johnson-King models were used for modeling turbulence. The agreement between the numerical predictions and test data is found to be quite good. C1 Cleveland State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorla, RSR (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0334-0082 J9 INT J TURBO JET ENG JI Int. J. Turbo. Jet-Engines PY 2003 VL 20 IS 2 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 690FD UT WOS:000183536000003 ER PT J AU Nuckley, DJ Van Nausdle, JA Raynak, GC Eck, MP Perry, CE Harrington, RM Ching, RP AF Nuckley, DJ Van Nausdle, JA Raynak, GC Eck, MP Perry, CE Harrington, RM Ching, RP TI Examining the relationship between whiplash kinematics and a direct neurologic injury mechanism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VEHICLE DESIGN LA English DT Article DE biomechanics; injury mechanisms; neurologic injury; rear impacts; whiplash kinematics ID CERVICAL-SPINE MOTION; FLEXION-EXTENSION; BURST FRACTURE; CORD; NECK; BIOMECHANICS; FORAMEN; VOLUME; PAIN AB Despite the prevalence of whiplash-related injuries, a connection between clinical symptoms and injury mechanism has been elusive. Previous studies have attempted to correlate the whiplash kinematic response to injury mechanisms; however, none has specifically examined the potential for neurologic involvement due to foraminal occlusion. This biomechanical study measured cadaver cervical spine whiplash kinematics and compared these with changes in the neural space geometry of the cervical spine, providing a measure of the direct neurologic injury potential. Extension and shear displacements of each cervical level were measured and found to be similar to that reported in the literature and within the tissue's physiologic limits. Further, changes to the spinal canal and intervertebral foraminal geometry were recorded during whiplash and cross-sectional area changes were documented (up to 15.3%). Because these foraminal occlusions were smaller in magnitude than those resulting from normal cervical motion, our findings do not support direct neurologic injury resulting from segmental vertebral kinematics as a whiplash injury mechanism. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Biomech Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Biodynam & Accelerat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nuckley, DJ (reprint author), Dept Engn Mech, 501 Eastlake Ave E Suite 102, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVE 15 PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVE 15, SWITZERLAND SN 0143-3369 J9 INT J VEHICLE DES JI Int. J. Veh. Des. PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 68 EP 83 DI 10.1504/IJVD.2003.003237 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 691PK UT WOS:000183614500006 ER PT S AU De Long, HC Trulove, PC Sutto, TE AF De Long, HC Trulove, PC Sutto, TE BE Rodgers, RD Seddon, KR TI The use of ionic liquids in polymer gel electrolytes SO IONIC LIQUIDS AS GREEN SOLVENTS: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents held at the 224th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY AUG 18-22, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc ID CONDUCTIVITY AB Polymer gel electrolytes composed of 1,2-dimethyl-3-n-alkylimidazolium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide (alkyl = propyl or butyl) and polyvinylidenedifluoro-hexafluoropropylene are characterized by ac-impedance and cyclic voltammetry. Two electrode charge-discharge experiments were also performed using graphitic paper or Li metal as the anode, and polymer composites of LiMn2O4, LiCoO2, or V2O5 as cathodes. Results indicated that the polymer composite gel electrolytes were stable for over 50 cycles when used in direct contact with Li metal. High efficiencies and low voltage drop-offs indicate that polymer gel composite electrodes composed of these ionic liquids are a viable alternative to the more common organic solvent electrolytes. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USN, Res Lab, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP De Long, HC (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, 801 Randolph St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3856-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 856 BP 478 EP 494 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BX54Z UT WOS:000185657400038 ER PT B AU Pack, DJ Mullins, BE AF Pack, DJ Mullins, BE GP IEEE IEEE TI Toward finding an universal search algorithm for swarm robots SO IROS 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 27-31, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instruments & Control Engineers, New Technol Fdn AB We present a novel cooperative search algorithm for distributed, independent swarm robots. The focus of this paper is three fold: (1) identify fundamental issues associated with searching an area by multiple robots; (2) design a metric to measure the cooperation among multiple robots to complete a search; and (3) propose an effective search algorithm for swarm robots. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pack, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 3 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7860-1 PY 2003 BP 1945 EP 1950 PG 6 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BY14F UT WOS:000187883300314 ER PT B AU Pettit, CL Veley, DE AF Pettit, CL Veley, DE BE Ayyub, BM AttohOkine, NO TI Risk allocation issues for systems engineering of airframes SO ISUMA 2003: FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON UNCERTAINTY MODELING AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL COLLEGE PK, MD SP Univ Delaware AB Common airframe design and certification processes are believed to be too expensive, lengthy, and inflexible. This difficult situation is exacerbated for military airframes by the current push toward non-traditional designs that offer unique performance capabilities or will be required to operate in extreme environments, and therefore may require equally unique test programs. Consistent and early use of high-fidelity computational tools is being looked to as a primary means of overcoming the inadequacies of current processes, especially through the reduction or acceleration of the required test regimen. Uncertainty quantification methods are concurrently being pursued to facilitate the validation of computer models and, more generally, to facilitate improved decision making through methodical risk assessment. Robust use of these methods in an integrated design process could require substantial modification of existing systems engineering frameworks and funding profiles. This paper discusses risk allocation in airframe systems engineering. Particular attention is given to the concept of allocating system-level risks in multidisciplinary design problems, such as the avoidance of aeroelastic instabilities. Finally, potential methods are discussed for improving the storage and retrieval of design information that is crucial to accurate risk assessment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pettit, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1997-0 PY 2003 BP 232 EP 240 DI 10.1109/ISUMA.2003.1236168 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BX73F UT WOS:000186233700037 ER PT J AU Khobaib, M Matikas, T Donley, MS AF Khobaib, M Matikas, T Donley, MS TI Fatigue behavior of crack initiating from corrosion damage SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY; 2024-T3; GROWTH AB The initiation and growth of fatigue crack emanating from corrosion pits was investigated by conducting fatigue experiments on standard dog-bone specimens of high strength aluminum alloy AA2024-T3. The corrosion pits were created in an electrochemical cell under specific polarization conditions. Samples were prepared with varying pit depth and pits were initially characterized using a white light interferometer. The fractured surface was analyzed under scanning electron microscope after the fatigue test. These cracks were treated as surface cracks for stress intensity calculations. A linear relationship between stress intensity factor and critical pit depth was observed. The crack growth behavior of the crack nucleating from these pits was typical of a short crack. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khobaib, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Matikas, Theodore/I-2803-2012 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER-COVINA JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 629BG UT WOS:000180030100002 ER PT J AU Khot, NS Zweber, JV AF Khot, NS Zweber, JV TI Design of flutter characteristics of composite wings using frequency constraint optimization SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE flutter; frequency distribution; composite structures AB This paper is concerned with designing an optimum composite flexible wing structure to enhance flutter speed by imposing modal frequency distribution constraints and comparing it with an optimum design obtained with the flutter velocity constraint. The composite wing is subjected to three flight conditions to satisfy stress constraints in addition to modal frequency distribution or flutter constraints. The multidisciplinary optimization system ASTROS was used for this study. This study indicates that flutter velocity of a wing structure can be enhanced with less increase in the weight of the structure by using frequency distribution constraints than flutter velocity constraint. In the case of a design with modal frequency constraints, the distribution of the +/-45degrees and 90degrees fiber layers provided required stiffness distribution in order to produce an acceptable solution with less increase in weight than the design obtained with flutter velocity constraint. It is speculated that the required stiffness change in order to achieve necessary modal frequency separation can be achieved to prevent flutter by providing a system of "smart" actuating elements distributed within the internal substructure of a wing. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khot, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASD, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2003)16:1(19) PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 628QW UT WOS:000180008700003 ER PT J AU Weeks, TM AF Weeks, TM TI It all started 100 years ago SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weeks, TM (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.2514/2.3053 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 646ML UT WOS:000181038800001 ER PT J AU Moorhouse, DJ AF Moorhouse, DJ TI Introduction: Exergy SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45305 USA. RP Moorhouse, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45305 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 10 EP 10 DI 10.2514/2.3087 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 646ML UT WOS:000181038800002 ER PT J AU Moorhouse, DJ AF Moorhouse, DJ TI Proposed system-level multidisciplinary analysis technique based on exergy methods SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB It is suggested that it may be time to consider whether we have reached a plateau in terms of the evolutionary nature of flight vehicle design and optimization. For a time, progress was measured in terms of maximum speed, which is a straightforward metric when the next design is evolved from the preceding model. There are times, however, when we need to depart from the evolutionary process and create a breakthrough design. The question to be asked is whether there is any way to define system-level analysis and optimization techniques to facilitate the vehicle design process with a more global measure of effectiveness. This paper presents such a methodology foe the design of the complete integrated system of systems. Work that has been done in energy-based methods is briefly reviewed, since energy is an implicit consideration in many aerospace disciplines. In addition, methods such as exergy and thermoeconomics have been applied in the design of ground power stations and they are currently being studied for application to aircraft subsystems. The objective of this paper is to expand exergy methods to the design of a complete flight vehicle by defining mission requirements as an exergy/work problem cascading down to each component in the same framework. This paper also serves to introduce a special section of this journal devoted to the application of exergy methods to all levels of flight vehicle design. Overall, the proposed technique provides a method to facilitate system-level optimization at all levels of the design process. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Moorhouse, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.2514/2.3088 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 646ML UT WOS:000181038800003 ER PT J AU Sanders, B Eastep, FE Forster, E AF Sanders, B Eastep, FE Forster, E TI Aerodynamic and aeroelastic characteristics of wings with conformal control surfaces for morphing aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 42nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB Investigations are conducted on lifting surfaces with conventional and conformal trailing-edge control surfaces. The Sohngen inversion formula is used with the thin-airfoil integral equation to determine the aerodynamic pressure for various control surface chord-to-airfoil chord ratios. Comparisons to a conventional control surface show increases in lift and pitching moment of the airfoil with a conformal control surface. Aerodynamic pressure distributions acting on a wing with control surfaces are determined with the vortex lattice technique. Predicted aerodynamic pressures and roll moments are compared to available wind-tunnel data and provide a more general understanding of the aerodynamic behavior observed there. Roll performance of a rectangular wing is determined for various control surface chord-to-wing chord ratios. It is found that the maximum roll rate is greater for a wing with a conformal control surface, but has a lower reversal dynamic pressure than the wing with a conventional control surface. The aerodynamic and aeroelastic results obtained from this investigation provide some insight for wings designed with conformal control surfaces. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Sanders, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.2514/2.3062 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 646ML UT WOS:000181038800014 ER PT J AU Johnson, MR Denegri, CM AF Johnson, MR Denegri, CM TI Comparison of static and dynamic neural networks for limit cycle oscillation prediction SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 42nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 16-19, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID FIGHTER AB A dynamic artificial neural network in the form of a multilayer perceptron with a delayed recurrent feedback connection is investigated to determine its ability to predict linear and nonlinear flutter response characteristics. Flight-test results show that limit cycle oscillation (LCO) response characteristics are strongly dependent on Mach number in the transonic flight regime. This effect is also evident in the classical transonic small-disturbance theory governing equations. A dynamic network is considered in order to examine the effects of sequential Mach-number dependence on the network's predictive capability. The architecture of a dynamic network allows for modeling data dependent on a sequentially or linearly increasing parameter (usually time, but in this case Mach number). The predictive capabilities are compared to those of a static artificial neural network. The network is developed and trained using linear flutter analysis and flight-test results from a fighter test. Eleven external store carriage configurations are used as training data, and three configurations are used as test cases. The dynamic network was successful in predicting the aeroelastic oscillation frequency and amplitude responses over a range of Mach numbers for two of the test cases. The dynamic network showed slightly better correlation to flight-test results for the typical LCO test case but slightly worse correlation for the flutter case. Predictions for the nontypical LCO test case were not good for either network. C1 USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Div Anal, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. USAF, Div Engn, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Johnson, MR (reprint author), USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Div Anal, 205 W D Ave,Suite 348, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 194 EP 203 DI 10.2514/2.3075 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 646ML UT WOS:000181038800026 ER PT J AU Gunasekar, PG Rogers, JV Kabbur, MB Garrett, CM Brinkley, WW McDougal, JN AF Gunasekar, PG Rogers, JV Kabbur, MB Garrett, CM Brinkley, WW McDougal, JN TI Molecular and histological responses in rat skin exposed to m-xylene SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE m-xylene; skin irritation; interleukin-1 alpha; inducible nitric oxide synthase ID IRRITANT CONTACT-DERMATITIS AB Solvents, surfactants, cutting fluids, hydrocarbons; and oils cause skin irritation by incompletely understood mechanisms. This study examined histological and molecular changes in rodent skin caused by brief topical exposures to m-xylene. At 0, 1, 21 4, and 6 h after 1-h exposure, skin samples were removed and analyzed for histopathological changes and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein levels. Histopathological changes (epidermal-dermal separation and granulocyte infiltration) and increases in IL-1alpha and MOS protein expression occurred during our observation period. IL-1alpha levels increased by 80% immediately after exposure and MOS levels increased about 60% 4 hours after exposure. Our study demonstrates that dermal exposure to m-xylene promotes IL-1alpha and iNOS production in skin and these proteins may serve as early indicators of skin irritation. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Geoctr Inc, Operat Toxicol Branch,HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDougal, JN (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 92 EP 94 DI 10.1002/jbt.10065 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 673DN UT WOS:000182565100004 PM 12717741 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, S AF Naboulsi, S TI Modeling transversely loaded metal-matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE DAMAGE; TITANIUM; BEHAVIOR AB The motivation behind the present work is to model the response of a transversely loaded unidirectional metal-matrix composite (MMC), which constitutes thermal residual stresses, debond, and viscoplasticity. Based on experimental observation of transversely loaded MMC, debond causes reductions in the global stiffness. To capture the influence of debond on the MMC response, a mechanism, which models the debond characteristics including the debond damage, is required, and it is the focus of the present investigation. A reduced order model to investigate transversely loaded MMC is presented. Its formulation is based on modeling the unit cell as a finite number of strips where an averaged approach is used to compute the global response of the MMC. The governing equations for the strips are based on a uniaxial thermo-mechanical assumption. A special debond mechanism between the fiber and matrix is included in the formulation. The constitutive relations incorporated in the model are the unified Bodner-Partom viscoplastic model and power law models. The technique is validated with experimental data for Ti-6A1-4V/ SCS-6 composite under various operating temperatures and mechanically applied loads, and it shows good agreement. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naboulsi, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFITENY Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 55 EP 72 DI 10.1106/002199803023468 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 633XC UT WOS:000180309200004 ER PT J AU Pang, LP Goltz, M Close, M AF Pang, LP Goltz, M Close, M TI Application of the method of temporal moments to interpret solute transport with sorption and degradation SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE temporal moments; retardation; first-order degradation; equilibrium sorption ID PORE-WATER VELOCITY; BREAKTHROUGH CURVES; LOCAL EQUILIBRIUM; HOMOGENEOUS SOILS; FLOW; AQUIFER; PARAMETERS; COLUMNS AB In this note, we applied the temporal moment solutions of [Das and Kluitenberg, 1996. Soil Sci. Am. J. 60, 1724] for one-dimensional advective-dispersive solute transport with linear equilibrium sorption and first-order degradation for time pulse sources to analyse soil column experimental data. Unlike most other moment solutions, these solutions consider the interplay of degradation and sorption. This permits estimation of a first-order degradation rate constant using the zeroth moment of column breakthrough data, as well as estimation of the retardation factor or sorption distribution coefficient of a degrading solute using the first moment. The method of temporal moment (MOM) formulae was applied to analyse breakthrough data from a laboratory column study of atrazine, hexazinone and rhodamine WT transport in volcanic pumice sand, as well as experimental data from the literature. Transport and degradation parameters obtained using the MOM were compared to parameters obtained by fitting breakthrough data from an advective-dispersive transport model with equilibrium sorption and first-order degradation, using the nonlinear least-square curve-fitting program CXTFIT. The results derived from using the literature data were also compared with estimates reported in the literature using different equilibrium models. The good agreement suggests that the MOM could provide an additional useful means of parameter estimation for transport involving equilibrium sorption and first-order degradation. We found that the MOM fitted breakthrough curves with tailing better than curve fitting. However, the MOM analysis requires complete breakthrough curves and relatively frequent data collection to ensure the accuracy of the moments obtained from the breakthrough data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. USAF, Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pang, LP (reprint author), Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, POB 29181, Christchurch, New Zealand. OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 26 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 134 AR PII S0169-7722(02)00061-X DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00061-X PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 621LD UT WOS:000179589400006 PM 12498577 ER PT J AU Oh, JC Rothwell, EJ Nyquist, DP Havrilla, MJ AF Oh, JC Rothwell, EJ Nyquist, DP Havrilla, MJ TI Natural resonance representation of the transient field reflected by a conductor-backed lossy layer SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PLANE WAVE REFLECTION AB The impulse response of a conductor-backed lossy slab is evaluated analytically. It is shown that the impulse response consists of a specular reflection from the interface between free-space and the dielectric slab during the early-time period, and a natural mode series, which is a pure sum of damped sinusoids whose frequencies are determined by the poles of the complex S-plane reflection coefficient, during the late-time period. Time-domain responses using a truncated Gaussian pulse as an input with an arbitrary incident angle and with parallel or perpendicular polarization are compared to responses found via the inverse fast Fourier transform. The results may be applied to material characterization using the E-pulse method, and also give physical insight into the nature of transient scattering by a layered medium. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oh, JC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 BP 673 EP 694 DI 10.1163/156939303322226347 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 701DK UT WOS:000184152800001 ER PT J AU Kenyon, JA Griffin, JH AF Kenyon, JA Griffin, JH TI Forced response of turbine engine bladed disks and sensitivity to harmonic mistuning SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Congress and Exhibition on Gas Turbines and Aeroengines CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA ID VIBRATION; MODES AB The mistuned forced response of turbine engine bladed disks is treated using harmonic perturbations in the properties of a continuous ring. A continuous shear spring is attached to the ring in which the stiffness is allowed to vary along the ring annulus. The modes of such a structure with a single harmonic mistuning pattern are shown to obey the Mathieu equation, which is solved to obtain the natural frequencies and modes of the mistuned system. The forced response of the system is then examined to determine the sensitivity of the system to small mistuning. The model is extended to include multiple harmonics, allowing for the possibility of general mistuning. An expression for the maximum amplitude magnification due to small mistuning is developed by showing that high response is. caused by distortion of the structural modes. A method to intentionally mistune systems for maximum forced response is demonstrated, and numerical results demonstrate the accuracy of the analytical prediction. The intentionally mistuned system response is shown to be robust with respect to small random mistuning. Such a result might be useful for designing a test rotor for screening new bladed disk designs or for establishing the root cause of fatigue problems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Kenyon, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1115/1.1498269 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 634CE UT WOS:000180321800016 ER PT J AU Van Griethuysen, VJ Glickstein, MR Hodge, ES AF Van Griethuysen, VJ Glickstein, MR Hodge, ES TI Integrating subsystems and engine system assessments SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Congress and Exhibition on Gas Turbines and Aeroengines CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA AB In the past, system and subsystem level assessments for propulsion systems have been a long and drawn out serial process, typically taking several months to a year or more. Data exchange from one subsystem group to the next was a manual process. This was particularly the case when different computer platforms were being utilized to run the models. Each group would optimize their particular subsystem as a separate entity. There were no approaches available to facilitate the evaluation of how a particular subsystem, when combined with the engine, would impact the overall integrated system. The availability of tools to facilitate direct interface of the various subsystem models with engine performance decks was not available. As a result, the lead times for various iterations were such that not all of the groups were even working on the same configuration. Fortunately, software technology has been evolving, and the ability to integrate models is now becoming available. This paper describes work in progress of an innovative methodology for high-level integration of complex flight systems. This new approach will facilitate rapid integration and optimization of propulsion and secondary subsystems in a truly concurrent manner, providing capability for top-level evaluation of complex and highly integrated flight system architectures. C1 AFRL, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MRG Tech Serv Inc, N Palm Beach, FL 33408 USA. Modelog Inc, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. RP Van Griethuysen, VJ (reprint author), AFRL, Prop Directorate, AFRL PRTA Bldg 18,1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1115/1.1496117 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 634CE UT WOS:000180321800034 ER PT J AU Mawid, MA Park, TW Sekar, B Arana, C AF Mawid, MA Park, TW Sekar, B Arana, C TI Application of pulse detonation combustion to turbofan engines SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th International Congress and Exhibition on Gas Turbines and Aeroengines CY JUN 04-07, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA AB The potential performance gain of utilizing pulse detonation combustion in the bypass duct of a turbofan engine for possible elimination of the traditional afterburner was investigated in this study. A pulse detonation turbofan engine concept without an afterburner was studied and its performance was assessed. The thrust, specific fuel consumption (SFC), and specific thrust of a conventional turbofan with an afterburner and the new pulse detonation turbofan engine concept were calculated and compared. The pulse detonation device performance in the bypass duct was obtained by using multidimensional CFD analysis. The results showed that significant performance gains can be obtained by using the pulse detonation turbofan engine concept as compared to the conventional afterburning turbofan engine. In particular, it was demonstrated that for a pulse detonation bypass duct operating at a frequency of 100 Hz and higher, the thrust and specific thrust of a pulse-detonation turbofan engine can nearly, be twice as much as those of the conventional afterburning turbofan engine. SFC was also shown to be reduced. The effects of fuel-air mixture equivalence ratio and partial filling on performance were also predicted. However, the interaction between pulse detonation combustion in the bypass duct and the engine fan, for potential fan stall, and engine nozzle have not been investigated in this study. C1 Engn Res & Anal Co, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mawid, MA (reprint author), Engn Res & Anal Co, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 270 EP 283 DI 10.1115/1.1494098 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 634CE UT WOS:000180321800035 ER PT J AU Buck, SC AF Buck, SC TI Searching for graves using geophysical technology: Field tests with ground penetrating radar, magnetometry, and electrical resistivity SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 66th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-American-Archaeology CY APR 18-22, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE forensic science; forensic archaeology; geophysics; ground penetrating radar; magnetometry; electrical resistivity; unmarked burials AB Field experiments were conducted using three types of geophysical equipment in a variety of situations. The goal of the study was to ascertain the relative utility of this technology for non-geophysical expert forensic professionals searching for buried human remains. The study concludes that the equipment should be used with caution after a critical evaluation of specific field conditions, and more refinement of technical methods and skills should be developed. C1 USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Buck, SC (reprint author), USA, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 634PV UT WOS:000180350300001 PM 12570192 ER PT J AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, WE TI Optimal impulsive control of relative satellite motion SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The periodic orbit/Floquet theory solution to relative satellite motion is extended to include optimal two-impulse stationkeeping about a specified natural solution. Simulations of this method are performed in a model including the entire geopotential through order 14, as well as air drag. For a cluster roughly 4 km across at an orbital altitude of 637 km, and at an inclination of about 57 deg, closed-loop maneuver requirements of <1 cm/s per day are achievable for up to one week. Departure of the numerical integration from the periodic orbit/Floquet theory model causes maneuver requirements to increase near the end of the simulation time. Most of the maneuvering is performed to maintain in-track spacing, and a better treatment of the in-track dynamics may lower maneuver requirements further. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.2514/2.5016 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 634WD UT WOS:000180364200008 ER PT J AU Pachter, M Huang, YS AF Pachter, M Huang, YS TI Fault tolerant flight control SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB A fault tolerant flight control system is developed. The three-module controller consists of 1) a system identification module, 2) an adaptive parameter estimate smoother, and 3) a proportional and integral compensator for tracking control. Specifically, the classical Kalman filter for linear control systems is extended so that the control system's state and loop gain are jointly estimated online, and an adaptive smoother is developed to reduce automatically the fluctuations in the gain estimate and bursting. The output of the system identification and gain smoother modules is used to adjust continuously the tracking controller's gain to compensate for a possible reduction in the loop gain due to control surface area loss caused by failure or battle damage. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.2514/2.5026 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 634WD UT WOS:000180364200017 ER PT J AU Rhodes, AG LeMasters, GK Lockey, JE Smith, JW Yiin, JH Egeghy, P Gibson, R AF Rhodes, AG LeMasters, GK Lockey, JE Smith, JW Yiin, JH Egeghy, P Gibson, R TI The effects of jet fuel on immune cells of fuel system maintenance workers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BENZENE AB Jet fuel is a common occupational exposure among commercial and military maintenance workers. JP-8 jet fuel, a military formulation, has shown immunotoxic effects in mice,, but little data exist for humans. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether immune cell counts in the peripheral blood were altered among tank entry workers at three Air Force bases. After adjusting for covariates, fuel system maintenance personnel (n = 45) were found to have significantly higher counts of white blood cells (P = 0.01), neutrophils (P = 0.05), and monocytes (P = 0.02) when compared with a low-exposure group (n = 78), but no differences were noted in the numbers of total lymphocytes, T-cells, T-helper cells, T-suppressor cells, natural killer cells, and B-cells. Investigations are needed to evaluate the functional ability of these cells to produce lymphokines and cytokines and modulate the immune system. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. The Pentagon, Washington, DC USA. RP Rhodes, AG (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Aerosp Med Squadron 78, Occupat Med Clin, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5P30ES06096-10]; ODCDC CDC HHS [T42/CC51042-07] NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 45 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000048166.87707.26 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 634WA UT WOS:000180363800015 PM 12553182 ER PT J AU Bizzini, M Childs, JD Piva, SR AF Bizzini, M Childs, JD Piva, SR TI Systematic review of the quality of randomized controlled trials for patellofemoral pain syndrome SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Review DE bias; decision making; evidence; grading; methodology ID ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN; VASTUS MEDIALIS OBLIQUE; CHONDROMALACIA PATELLAE; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN POLYSULFATE; QUADRICEPS MUSCLES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; CURRENT ISSUES; FOLLOW-UP; REHABILITATION; DISORDERS AB Study Design: Systematic review of the literature. Objectives: To develop a grading scale to judge the quality of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and conduct a systematic review of the published RCTs that assess nonoperative treatments for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Background: Systematic reviews of the quality and usefulness of clinical trials allow for efficient synthesis and dissemination of the literature, which should facilitate clinicians' efforts to incorporate principles of evidence-based practice in the clinical decision-making process. Methods and Measures: Using a scale based on criteria in the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, we sought to critically appraise the methodology used in RCTs related to the nonoperative management of PFPS, synthesize and interpret our results, and report our findings in a user-friendly fashion. A scale to assess the methodological quality of trials was designed and pilot tested for its content and reliability. Published RCTs identified during a literature search were then selected and rated by 6 raters. We used predefined cutoff scores to identify specific weaknesses in the clinical research process that need to be improved in future clinical trials. Results: The quality scale we developed was demonstrated to be sufficiently reliable to warrant interpretation of the reviewers' findings. The percentage of trials that met a minimum level of quality for each specific criterion ranged from a low of 25% for the adequacy of the description of the randomization procedure to a high of 95% for the description and standardization of the intervention. Conclusions: Based on the results of trials exhibiting a sufficient level of quality, treatments that were effective in decreasing pain and improving function in patients with PFPS were acupuncture, quadriceps strengthening, the use of a resistive brace, and the combination of exercises with patellar taping and biofeedback. The use of soft foot orthotics in patients with excessive foot pronation appeared useful in decreasing pain. In addition, at a short-term follow-up, patients who received exercise programs were discharged earlier from physical therapy. Unfortunately, most RCTs reviewed contained qualitative flaws that bring the validity of the results into question, thus diminishing the ability to generalize the results to clinical practice. These flaws were primarily in the areas of randomization procedures, duration of follow-up, control of cointerventions, assurance of blinding, accountability and proper analysis of dropouts, number of subjects, and the relevance of outcomes. Also, given the limited number of high-quality clinical trials, recommendations about supporting or refuting specific treatment approaches may be premature and can only be made with caution. C1 Schulthess Clin, Dept Phys Therapy, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, USAF, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59th Med Wing, Phys Therapy Element MMKPP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59th Med Wing, Phys Therapy Element MMKPP, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 76 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 20 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 4 EP 20 PG 17 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 702GN UT WOS:000184216300002 PM 12570282 ER PT J AU Jones, KW Cross, CJ AF Jones, KW Cross, CJ TI Traveling wave excitation system for bladed disks SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 43rd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB A traveling wave excitation system is described that was developed for the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility. The traveling wave. system was designed to simulate engine order excitation in stationary bladed disks for the purpose of identifying forced response localization and amplification due to mistuning. The system can test bladed disks of varying sizes and number of blades using either acoustic or magnetic excitation. A phase-shifting circuit reduces signal generation costs over purchasing separate function generators and allows amplitude and phase calibration of the exciters. Sources of errors in the traveling wave excitation are discussed and estimated. A finite element analysis shows that the forced response of a bladed disk is more sensitive to structural mistuning than to traveling wave excitation errors. The traveling wave excitation system is demonstrated on an 18-bladed disk, and experimental forced response results are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Fatigue Facil, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, KW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Fatigue Facil, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18D, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.2514/2.6089 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 636MH UT WOS:000180459500014 ER PT J AU Hosur, MV Alexander, J Jeelani, S Vaidya, UK Mayer, A AF Hosur, MV Alexander, J Jeelani, S Vaidya, UK Mayer, A TI High strain compression response of affordable woven carbon/epoxy composites SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE woven composites; high strain rate; split Hopkinson's pressure bar; resin infusion molding ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR AB This paper discusses the experimental study on the response of affordable plain and satin weave carbon/epoxy composite laminates subjected to high strain rate compression loading using a modified Compression Split Hopkinson's Pressure Bar (SHPB). 37 layer laminates were manufactured using aerospace grade woven fabrics with SC-15 epoxy resin system utilizing Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Molding (VARIM) approach. Samples were subjected to high strain rate compression loading at five different strain rates ranging from 17/s to 817/s in the in-plane as well as through-the-thickness directions using a modified SHPB that facilitates controlled single pulse loading of the sample. High strain rate response was compared with that of static compression. Optical microscopy was used to characterize the failure mechanisms. Results of the study indicate considerable increase in dynamic compression peak stress as compared to static loading, whereas the strain at peak stress was lower by 35-65%. Samples loaded through-the-thickness exhibit higher peak stresses as compared to those loaded in the in-plane direction. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mat & Mech Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USAF, VASD, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hosur, MV (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 271 EP 296 DI 10.1106/073168403022844 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 646QL UT WOS:000181045700004 ER PT J AU Hosur, MV Adya, M Alexander, J Jeelani, S Vaidya, U Mayer, A AF Hosur, MV Adya, M Alexander, J Jeelani, S Vaidya, U Mayer, A TI Studies on impact damage resistance of affordable stitched woven carbon/epoxy composite laminates SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE affordable manufacturing; woven fabric composites; low-velocity impact; damage resistance; stitching; ultrasonics ID LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; MATRIX CRACKING; SPHERICAL INDENTER; DELAMINATION; THICKNESS; STRENGTH; PLATES AB This paper discusses the response of seven layer plain and satin weave carbon fabric reinforced composites fabricated using low-cost Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Molding (VARIM) process under low-velocity impact loading. Both stitched and unstitched laminates were tested at energy levels ranging 5-50 J using an instrumented drop-weight machine. A 3-cord Kevlar thread was used to stitch the laminate in two orthogonal grid patterns each at a 6 mm pitch: one with 25.4 mm and the other with 12.7 mm grid. Damage due to impact loading was evaluated through ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Results of the study showed the effectiveness of stitching in containing the damage size with 12.7 mm grid stitch samples exhibiting the least damage. Further, satin weave fabric composites exhibit better impact resistance as compared to plain weave fabric composites. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USAF, Struct Design & Dev Branch VASD, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hosur, MV (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 10 BP 927 EP 952 DI 10.1177/073168403027283 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 701ED UT WOS:000184154500005 ER PT J AU Hugo, RJ Nowlin, SR Hahn, IL Eaton, FD McCrae, KA AF Hugo, RJ Nowlin, SR Hahn, IL Eaton, FD McCrae, KA TI Application of an acoustic noise removal method to aircraft-based atmospheric temperature measurements SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID JETS AB An acoustic noise removal method is used to reject engine acoustical disturbances from aircraft-based atmospheric temperature measurements. Removal of engine noise from atmospheric temperature measurements allows a larger wave number range to be fit while quantifying the magnitude of atmospheric temperature turbulence. The larger wave number range was found to result in a more statistically certain spectral slope estimate, with up to a 50% reduction in the standard deviation of measured spectral slopes. The noise removal technique was found to break down under conditions of weak atmospheric temperature turbulence where the engine acoustical disturbance can be several orders of magnitude larger than atmospheric temperature turbulence. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hugo, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 113 IS 1 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1121/1.1528591 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 636YN UT WOS:000180485000020 PM 12558258 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE Grimes, LE Tzou, DY AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE Grimes, LE Tzou, DY TI Short-time thermal effects on thermomechanical response caused by pulsed lasers SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; FEMTOSECOND LASER; GENERALIZED THERMOELASTICITY; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; MULTILAYER METALS; STRESSES; BOUNDARY; WAVES; FILMS; CRYSTAL AB An ultrafast thermoelasticity model is proposed to analyze the heat transport and thermomechanical phenomena in metal films heated by femtosecond laser pulses. It covers 1) the dual-hyperbolic to-step beating process in thermal transport, 2) the hot-electron blast effect in momentum transfer, 3) the coupling effect between lattice temperature and strain rate, 4) the thermal stress relaxation effect, and 5) the volumetric absorption of laser beam energy, The coupled transient thermoelasticity equations are solved with a nonconventional finite difference scheme. Numerical analysis is performed for gold films under the conditions of uniaxial strain and uniaxial stress, respectively. The effects of the heat-flux relaxations in electrons and the lattice, thermal stress relaxation, hot-electron blast force, and thermal-mechanical coupling are investigated. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.2514/2.6749 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 638WH UT WOS:000180594900004 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, SK Palazotto, AN AF Naboulsi, SK Palazotto, AN TI Elastic-plastic damage model for composites under high intensity loading SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A thermomicromechanical model of failure characterizing high energy impact is presented based on thermodynamic principles, i.e. using the balancing laws; the conservation of momentum and the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The micromechanical damage considered in the model are the tensile damage, the shear damage, and inter-phase discontinuity between the matrix and fiber of the composite. A homogenization technique is incorporated in the development to simplify the representation of the non-homogeneous material and to allow for the inclusion of a thermomicromechanical phenomenon in a composite lamina. The inelastic response is modeled using elastic-plastic constitutive relations. A summary of the equations for the thermomicromechanical model of failure is shown and a damage parameter D that characterizes the damage in the lamina based on energy dissipation is introduced. In order to demonstrate the model, the evolution of damage as a function of time is analyzed for a uniaxially loaded two-phase bar using various types of composites. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0892-7057 J9 J THERMOPLAST COMPOS JI J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1106/089270503023211 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 637UE UT WOS:000180531500003 ER PT J AU Polanka, MD Hoying, DA Meininger, M MacArthur, CD AF Polanka, MD Hoying, DA Meininger, M MacArthur, CD TI Turbine tip and shroud heat transfer and loading - Part A: Parameter effects including Reynolds number, pressure ratio, and gas-to-metal temperature ratio SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS ID FLUX DATA; STAGE AB Turbine tip and shroud flow and heat tran, fer are some of the most complex, yet important, issues in turbine design. Most of the work performed to late has been performed in linear cascades and has investigated such items as the effect of tip geometries and turbulence on tip and shroud pressure and heat transfer There have been very few full annulus or rotating measurements in the literature. Experimental measurements have been made on a single stage high pressure turbine at the US Air Force Turbine Research Facility (TRF) to aid in the understanding of this phenomena. The TRF is a full scale, rotating rig that Operates at matched flow conditions to the true turbine environment. Heat flux measurements were acquired with both Pyrex insert strip and button gages, while the pressure measurements were taken with surface-mounted Kulite(R) pressure transducers. This paper presents one of the first fall rotating, simultaneous pressure and heat transfer measurements to be taken in the turbine tip shroud region. These measurements provide some of the details needed for accurately, quantifying the true flow condition in this complex flow regime. Comparisons between the present data and the existing 2-D cascade data were made. This investigation quantified the effects of Reynolds number, inlet temperature, turbine pressure ratio and inlet flow temperature profiles. This provides a benchmark data set for validation of numerical codes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRTT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polanka, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRTT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1115/1.1515338 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 643AU UT WOS:000180840400012 ER PT J AU Byerley, AR Stormer, O Baughn, JW Simon, TW Van Treuren, KW List, J AF Byerley, AR Stormer, O Baughn, JW Simon, TW Van Treuren, KW List, J TI Using Gurney flaps to control laminar separation on linear cascade blades SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 03-06, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS ID STATOR ROTOR INTERACTIONS; TURBINE HEAT-TRANSFER; TURBULENCE AB This paper describes an experimental investigation of the use of Gurney flaps to control laminar separation on turbine blades in a linear cascade. Measurements were made at Reynolds numbers (based upon inlet velocity and axial chord) of 28 X 10(3), 65 x 10(3) and 167 x 10(3). The freestream turbulence intensity for all three cases was 0.8%. Laminar separation was present on the suction surface of the Langston blade shape for the two lower Reynolds numbers. In (in effort to control the laminar separation, Gurney flaps were added to the pressure surface close to the trailing edge. The measurements indicate that the flaps turn and accelerate the flow in the blade, passage toward the suction suffice of the neighboring blade thereby eliminating the separation bubble. Five different sizes of Gurney flaps, ranging from 0.6 to 2.7% of axial chord, were tested. The laser thermal tuft technique was used to determine the influence of the Gurney flaps on the location and size of the separation bubble. Additionally, measurements of wall static pressure, profile loss, and blade-exit flow angle were made. The blade pressure distribution indicates that the lift generated by the blade is increased. As was expected, the Gurney flap also produced a larger wake. In practice, Gurney flaps might possibly be implemented in a semi-passive manner They could be deployed for low Reynolds number operation and then retracted at high Reynolds numbers when separation is not present. This work is important because it describes a successful means for eliminating the separation bubble while characterizing both the potential performance improvement and the penalties associated with this semi-passive flow control technique. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Bundesamt Wehrtech & Beschaffung, Manching, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Engn, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Bundesamt Wehrtech & Beschaffung, Manching, Germany. RP Byerley, AR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1115/1.1518701 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 643AU UT WOS:000180840400014 ER PT J AU Del Pizzo, JJ Jacobs, SC Bishoff, JT Kavoussi, LR Jarrett, TW AF Del Pizzo, JJ Jacobs, SC Bishoff, JT Kavoussi, LR Jarrett, TW TI Pleural injury during laparoscopic renal surgery: Early recognition and management SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; intraoperative complications; laparoscopy; pneumothorax; pleura ID PNEUMOTHORAX AB Purpose: Injury to the diaphragm is an uncommon yet recognized complication of several laparoscopic procedures, including laparoscopic renal surgery. As these procedures increase in popularity and use, laparoscopic surgeons should be aware of techniques for avoiding this complication as well as methods of identifying pleural injury and managing it appropriately. We report our experience with the detection and intraoperative management of pleural injury sustained during laparoscopic renal surgery and its subsequent treatment. Materials and Methods: From July 1993 to April 2001 at 4 institutions 1,765 patients underwent laparoscopic renal surgery for benign and malignant disease as well as for live renal donation. We retrospectively reviewed the charts and interviewed the primary surgeons to determine the etiology of pleural injury, intraoperative detection and management, and possible future prevention. Results: Pleural injury occurred in 10 cases (0.6%). In 2 cases injury involved inadvertent trocar placement through the pleural cavity. These cases were managed by intraoperative chest tube placement. In 8 cases the diaphragm was injured in iatrogenic fashion during kidney dissection, including during splenic mobilization in 2, liver mobilization in 2, ascending colon mobilization in 1, dissection of the upper renal pole in 2 and dissection of a large renal cyst off of the diaphragm in 1. In all patients injury was detected intraoperatively and repaired via laparoscopy. In 1 patient residual pneumothorax postoperatively necessitated tube thoracostomy. Conclusions: Pleural injury sustained during laparoscopic surgery is an uncommon but potentially serious complication of laparoscopic renal procedures. The experienced laparoscopic surgeon can identify and repair the injury intraoperatively, minimizing patient morbidity postoperatively. C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Urol, New York Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Urol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Del Pizzo, JJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Urol, New York Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 169 IS 1 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000035357.98762.cc PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 627EX UT WOS:000179921200008 PM 12478098 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Cain, AM Haas, TW Eyink, KG Eiting, CJ Tomich, DH Grazulis, L Busbee, JD AF Haugan, HJ Cain, AM Haas, TW Eyink, KG Eiting, CJ Tomich, DH Grazulis, L Busbee, JD TI Nondestructive evaluation of alternative substrate quality using glancing-incidence x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID COMPLIANT AB Alternate substrate technology holds promise for the growth of high-quality lattice-mismatched epitaxial films. Unfortunately. the technology has been plagued by difficulties in reproducibility of results. Some of this problem resides in a lack of characterization of the thin. twist bonded layer used as the template for subsequent epitaxial growth. In this work, grazing-incidence diffraction (GID) and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the alternative substrate prior to growth. The 14- and 50-nm-thin GaAs layers were bonded to (1100) GaAs substrates and, subsequently, exposed by standard thinning and etching techniques. The crystalline quality of the thin bonded substrates was studied by GID. The full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of the 004 peaks were used to monitor the optimum bonding condition. The measured FWHM varied from 29 to 601 arc s with smooth surfaces exhibiting the lowest values. The effects of bond pressures on template layers were studied for a series of 50 nm alternative substrates prepared using pressures ranging from 75 to 25 psi with a constant bonding temperature of 450degreesC. All transferred template layers prepared within this pressure range showed poor quality (FWHM ranged from 324 to 601 arc s) when compared to bulk GaAs of 15 arc s. Micro-Raman measurements were also carried out on these samples. A transverse optical (TO) phonon line is seen and the intensity ratios of the TO to longitudinal optical phonon were much higher than that of GaAs substrate, confirming that the bonding process is causing damage to the thin template layer. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 110 EP 115 DI 10.1116/1.1527900 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 673UG UT WOS:000182598200017 ER PT J AU Fillman, EP Burton, MP Ehsan, A Neuhauser, TS AF Fillman, EP Burton, MP Ehsan, A Neuhauser, TS TI Comparison of immunohistochemical staining of splenic marginal zone hyperplasia and splenic marginal zone lymphoma SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 MA 1060 BP 232A EP 232A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 641EU UT WOS:000180732501073 ER PT J AU Potter, K Cunningham, RE O'Leary, TJ AF Potter, K Cunningham, RE O'Leary, TJ TI Magnetic resonance microscopy of lymph node metastases SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 USAF, Inst Pathol, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 MA 1491 BP 326A EP 326A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 641EU UT WOS:000180732501504 ER PT J AU Xu, L Rait, V Mason, JT O'Leary, TJ AF Xu, L Rait, V Mason, JT O'Leary, TJ TI Effect of antigen retrieval treatment on the antigenicity of ribonuclease A: A model protein study SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 USAF, Inst Pathol, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 MA 1503 BP 328A EP 328A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 641EU UT WOS:000180732501516 ER PT S AU Fugate, RQ AF Fugate, RQ BE Oschmann, JM Stepp, LM TI The Starfire Optical Range 3.5-m adaptive optical telescope SO LARGE GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Large Ground-based Telescopes CY AUG 22-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; starfire optical range; telescope; tracking; atmospheric compensation AB The 3.5-m telescope at the Starfire Optical Range (SOR), operated by the Directed Energy Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM saw first light in February, 1994 and first operation of the adaptive optics in September, 1997. The primary mirror built by Steward Observatory Mirror Lab is spun cast borosilicate, actively supported and temperature conditioned. The telescope mount was designed to smoothly track low-earth-orbiting (LEO) satellites and therefore has different features than most telescopes designed for astronomy. The protective enclosure retracts vertically, leaving the telescope completely exposed, enabling access to rapidly moving targets. The telescope feeds a coude laboratory containing steering mirrors, deformable mirror, sensors for wave front control and target tracking, high resolution cameras, and lasers for beacons and energy projection experiments. This paper summarizes recent operating experiences and provides lessons learned in terms of thermal conditioning, mount control, mirror control, mirror cleaning, optical alignment, and satellite tracking. The operation and performance of the tracking and higher-order wave front compensation to LEO satellites will be presented. Plans for future upgrades will be described. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Fugate, RQ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4616-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4837 BP 934 EP 943 DI 10.1117/12.457972 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BW43T UT WOS:000181980100094 ER PT S AU Polhamus, G Zuclich, J Cain, C Thomas, R Foltz, M AF Polhamus, G Zuclich, J Cain, C Thomas, R Foltz, M BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Model predictions of ocular injury from 1315 nm laser light SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE laser safety; laser injury; retina; cornea; visible lesion; model; infrared ID FUNDUS AB With the advent of future weapons systems that employ high energy lasers, the 1315 nm wavelength will present anew laser safety hazard to the armed forces. Experiments in non-human primates using this wavelength have demonstrated a range of ocular injuries, including corneal, lenticular and retinal lesions, as a function of pulse duration and spot size at the cornea. To improve our understanding of this phenomena, there is a need for a mathematical model that properly predicts these injuries and their dependence on appropriate exposure parameters. This paper describes the use of a finite difference model of laser thermal injury in the cornea and retina. The model was originally developed for use with shorter wavelength laser irradiation, and as such, requires estimation of several key parameters used in the computations. The predictions from the model are compared to the experimental data, and conclusions are drawn regarding the ability of the model to properly follow the published observations at this wavelength. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Polhamus, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1117/12.476894 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700011 ER PT S AU Hayes, KL Thomas, RJ Stolarski, J Rockwell, BA Stolarski, DJ Denton, ML Eikum, DM Noojin, GD Glickman, RD AF Hayes, KL Thomas, RJ Stolarski, J Rockwell, BA Stolarski, DJ Denton, ML Eikum, DM Noojin, GD Glickman, RD BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Nonlinear optical characterization of retinal molecules SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE laser eye protection; ultrashort laser pulse; laser safety; z-scan ID THRESHOLDS; LESIONS; PULSES AB The measurements on the nonlinear absorption coefficient for the whole retina and separated molecular components have been determined using open-aperture z-scan. Our recent retinal damage studies have shown that the threshold for retinal damage decreases below one nanosecond. Laser-induced breakdown has been implicated in the threshold-level mechanism for damage. The threshold is reduced below 100 fs, where LIB is the damage mechanism. Our hypothesis for this experiment is that non-linear optical properties of the constituents of the retina will affect the absorption coefficient of the retina for ultrashort pulse laser exposure and lower the retinal damage threshold for these exposures by lowering the laser-induced breakdown threshold in the tissues. This suggests that nonlinear absorption effects should be considered in the analysis of any data that relate energy deposition rates from laser exposures in tissue to thermal or photomechanical damage mechanisms for cell death. We describe the impact of these measurements on retinal damage thresholds and damage mechanisms for various pulse regimes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Hayes, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1117/12.476886 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700012 ER PT S AU de Oca, CIM Cain, CP Schuster, K Stockton, K Thomas, JJ Eggleston, TA Roach, WP AF de Oca, CIM Cain, CP Schuster, K Stockton, K Thomas, JJ Eggleston, TA Roach, WP BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Measured skin damage thresholds for 1314 nm laser exposures SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE skin; Yucatan mini-pig; porcine; infrared; epidermis; thermal; MVL; ED50 ID RADIATION AB The use of lasers in the infrared region between 1200-1400 nm has steadily increased in various industrial and commercial applications. However, there are few studies documenting damage thresholds for the skin in this region, and current laser safety standards are based on limited data. This study has determined preliminary skin damage thresholds for the Effective Dose for 50% probability (ED50) of a Minimum Visible Lesion (MVL) with laser exposure at 1314nm and 0.35 ms pulse width. An in-vivo pigmented animal model, Yucatan mini-pig (Sus scrofa domestica), was. used in this study. The type and extent of tissue damage in the porcine skin was determined through histopathologic examination, and the findings are discussed. Finally, the results of this study were compared to other literature as well as to the existing ANSI Z136.1 (2000) standard for safe use of lasers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700015 ER PT S AU Thomas, JJ Cain, CP Stolarski, DJ Noojin, GD Schuster, KJ Eggleston, TA Stockton, K Roach, WP AF Thomas, JJ Cain, CP Stolarski, DJ Noojin, GD Schuster, KJ Eggleston, TA Stockton, K Roach, WP BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Comparative analysis of spot size dependence for lesions produced by infrared laser pulses SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE laser; skin; Yucatan mini-pig; spot size; skin; ED50 AB The current laser safety standard for skin exposures, ANSI Z136.1, was based on a limited number of data points for various beam sizes at a few specific wavelengths. To help refine this standard, we explore the existence of a relationship between beam spot size and the ED50 lesion threshold values. In the first phase of this study we analyzed the spot size dependence of the skin lesion thresholds from previously documented experiments. We utilized the thermal skin model to predict damage thresholds and compared these with those presented in this paper. We report the results of this analysis, which we used to design an experiment to determine the true spot-size dependency of skin laser damage thresholds. The data collected in this first phase is discussed and compared to the existing ANSI Z136.1 (2000) laser safety standard. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Thomas, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1117/12.476885 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700016 ER PT S AU Kennedy, PK Keppler, KS Thomas, RJ Polhamus, GD Smith, PA Trevino, JO Seaman, DV Gallaway, RA Crockett, G AF Kennedy, PK Keppler, KS Thomas, RJ Polhamus, GD Smith, PA Trevino, JO Seaman, DV Gallaway, RA Crockett, G BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Validation and verification of the laser range safety tool (LRST) SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE high energy lasers; range safety; laser safety model; laser-target reflection; laser reflection hazards; model validation AB The U.S. Dept. of Defense (DOD) is currently developing and testing a number of High Energy Laser (HEL) weapons systems. DOD range safety officers now face the challenge of designing safe methods of testing HEL's on DOD ranges. In particular, safety officers need to ensure that diffuse and specular reflections from HEL system targets, as well as direct beam paths, are contained within DOD range boundaries. If both the laser source and the target are moving, as they are for the Airborne Laser (ABL), a complex series of calculations is required and manual calculations are impractical. Over the past 5 years, the Optical Radiation Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/HEDO), the ABL System Program Office, Logicon-RDA, and Northrop-Grumman, have worked together to develop a computer model called the Laser Range Safety Tool (LRST), specifically designed for HEL reflection hazard analyses. The code, which is still under development, is currently tailored to support the ABL program. AFRL/HEDO has led an LRST Validation and Verification (V&V) effort since 1998, in order to determine if code predictions are accurate. This paper summarizes LRST V&V efforts to date including: i) comparison of code results with laboratory measurements of reflected laser energy and with reflection measurements made during actual HEL field tests, and ii) validation of LRST's hazard zone computations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kennedy, PK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2650 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1117/12.476899 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700018 ER PT S AU Stolarski, J Hayes, K Thomas, R Noojin, G Stolarski, D Rockwell, B AF Stolarski, J Hayes, K Thomas, R Noojin, G Stolarski, D Rockwell, B BE Stuck, BE Belkin, M TI Laser eye protection bleaching with femtosecond exposure SO LASER AND NONCOHERENT LIGHT OCULAR EFFECTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser and Noncoherent Light Ocular Effects: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment III CY JAN 26-27, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE laser eye protection; ultrashort laser pulse; laser safety ID FILTERS AB The measured optical density of various laser eye protection samples is presented as a function of irradiance using femtosecond laser pulses. We show-that the protective quality of some eyewear degrades as irradiance increases. In previous studies this problem has been demonstrated for samples, irradiated by nanosecond pulses, but the current study shows that some modern laser eye protection seems to be robust except for the irradiance level possible with ultrashort laser pulse exposure. We discuss the most likely saturation mechanisms in this pulse duration regime and-its relevance to laser safety. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Stolarski, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEDO, 7650 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4753-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4953 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.476887 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Physics GA BX08T UT WOS:000184240700021 ER PT S AU Bochove, EJ Cheo, PK King, GG AF Bochove, EJ Cheo, PK King, GG BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH TI Spontaneous synchronous phasing of multicore fiber laser SO LASER RESONATORS AND BEAM CONTROL VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control VI CY JAN 28-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID EXTERNAL-CAVITY; DIODE-LASERS; WAVE-GUIDE; ARRAY; BEAM; LOCKING AB A theory is presented that explains the observed spontaneous transition to the high-brightness synchronous array-state of a multicore fiber laser array. The mechanism, based on nonlinear refraction, is shown to be robust. Results, so far of a 19-core array, indicate possible scalability toward much larger array size. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4769-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4969 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1117/12.479845 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BX08N UT WOS:000184238900004 ER PT S AU Riker, JF AF Riker, JF BE Thompson, WE Merritt, PH TI Active tracking lasers for precision target stabilization SO LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Systems Technology CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE lasers; illuminators; active tracking; beam control; large optics AB Lasers have historically been considered in the context of weapons, but recent progress has also permitted us to consider using lasers for more subtle applications such as designation, tracking, and discrimination. In this paper, we will review the state of the art of active tracking, including effects such as laser beam quality, diffraction, atmospheric turbulence, and other aspects of laser interactions with the propagation environment. We will present the theory for using lasers in relatively low-power tracking applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Riker, JF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4946-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5087 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.488673 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BX58G UT WOS:000185758100001 ER PT S AU Dao, P Dentamaro, A AF Dao, P Dentamaro, A BE Thompson, WE Merritt, PH TI Development of a deployable aerosol/water vapor lidar to characterize the atmosphere SO LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Systems Technology CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR; WATER-VAPOR AB A trailer-based lidar, named Humidity and Aerosol Lidar (HAL), is being built as a remote sensing tool to characterize atmospheric aerosol and water vapor in the line-of-sight. Water vapor and aerosol in the lower atmosphere are critical components affecting the propagation of high-energy laser beams and microwave. The sensor is developed to collect high temporal and vertical resolution data of atmospheric aerosols and water vapor. This ground-based system also serves as a demonstration and an engineering study of a flight-capable sensor for real-time diagnostic of the atmosphere. The lidar, operating on the principles of differential absorption, could measure water vapor to 10 km altitudes. It also measures aerosols and cloud backscatter at altitudes up to 18 km and ranges up to 90 km. Operating with a hemispherical scanner, the sensor could map the 3-dimensional field of aerosols and water vapor and provide vertical as well as horizontal structures. A unidirectional Alexandrite ring laser, operating in single mode near 727.49 nm, is the laser source. The sensor is designed to operate in day and night time. A description of the system, its wavelength calibration unit, the transmitter-receiver system and projected performance will be discussed. Results of the photo-acoustic calibration cell and wavelength selections will be presented. Preliminary results of water vapor and aerosols will be discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Dao, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4946-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5087 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.485721 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BX58G UT WOS:000185758100014 ER PT S AU Roadcap, JR Dao, PD McNicholl, PJ AF Roadcap, JR Dao, PD McNicholl, PJ BE Thompson, WE Merritt, PH TI Case study of multiple wavelength lidar backscatter from aerosols SO LASER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Systems Technology CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE lidar; backscatter; aerosols; humidity; boundary layer ID INVERSION AB Range-resolved co-pointing multiple wavelength lidar backscatter from aerosols is analyzed for a summer day in the northeast United States. Lidar backscatter wavelengths are 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm and were measured at a vertical range gate of 60 meters. The altitude range of lidar measurement is from the surface to 4 km above ground level and the measurement period spanned five hours from late afternoon through several hours after sunset. Vertical profiles of temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity, and surface visibility, were also measured to characterize the prevailing air mass. Lidar aerosol backscatter was significant through 3 km and diminished rapidly above. Several aerosol models selected on an a priori basis are used to compute backscatter ratios for wavelength pairs using scattering theory. These are compared with the profiles of measured backscatter ratios in an attempt to infer the type of aerosol present in the lower atmosphere and estimate multiple wavelength extinction. Measured backscatter ratios agreed with the ratios for soot, water-soluble, and haze aerosol models at the lowest altitudes with little agreement above I km for any model. Extinction estimates derived from lidar backscatter at 300 in were significantly higher than the corresponding values deduced from surface observations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Roadcap, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4946-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5087 BP 156 EP 166 DI 10.1117/12.484812 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BX58G UT WOS:000185758100016 ER PT S AU Roach, WP Thomas, JJ Schuster, K Stockton, K Stolarski, DJ Foltz, M Rockwell, BA Cain, CP AF Roach, WP Thomas, JJ Schuster, K Stockton, K Stolarski, DJ Foltz, M Rockwell, BA Cain, CP BE Jacques, SL Duncan, DD Kirkpatrick, SJ Kriete, A TI Model predictions and measured skin damage thresholds for 1.54 mu m laser pulses in porcine skin SO LASER-TISSUE INTERACTION XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Tissue Interaction XIV CY JAN 25-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE 1540 nm; ED50; skin lesion; thermal models; spot size; ANSI Z136 AB A thermal model was used to calculate the skin temperature rise in porcine skin and predict the damage thresholds in terms of laser power for various wavelengths, pulse durations, skin parameters and laser spot sizes. Laser exposures of 1.54 mum. 0.60 ms in duration and using a 0.7 mm spot size were applied to the porcine skin. The damage thresholds were determined at 1-hour and 24-hour post exposures using Probit analysis. Only one subject was exposed giving adequate fiducial limits at the 95% confidence level. The ED50 for these 72 exposures was determined to be 58 mJ, Giving a radiant exposure of 15 Jcm(-2). The damage threshold is compared with model predictions, with work previously published in the literature and with the ANSI Standard's MPE for 1540 nm lasers at 0.60 ms. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Roach, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4761-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4961 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1117/12.477656 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX32Z UT WOS:000184961100013 ER PT S AU Del Sesto, RE Dudis, DS Ghebremichael, F Heimer, NE Low, TKC Wilkes, JS Yeates, AT AF Del Sesto, RE Dudis, DS Ghebremichael, F Heimer, NE Low, TKC Wilkes, JS Yeates, AT BE Kuzyk, MG Eich, M Norwood, RA TI Modeling, synthesis and characterization of third-order nonlinear optical salts SO LINEAR AND NONLINEAR OPTICS OF ORGANIC MATERIALS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE ionic liquids; nonlinear optics; Z-scan; two-photon absorption ID PHOSPHONIUM SALTS; Z-SCAN AB A number of dithioacetate and dithiolate mono- and dianions have been synthesized and characterized through Z-scan measurements, with some showing significant third order nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics. Tetraalkylphosphonium cations were utilized in tandem with the nonlinear anions in order to minimize electrostatic interactions within the salt, consequently resulting in the materials being room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which have numerous advantages over typical organic-based materials. Anions composed of metal-ligand systems were also tested for NLO behavior as components of novel ionic liquid materials. These RTILs introduce a new class of materials with potential applications in optical limiting and other all-optical devices. C1 USAF Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Del Sesto, RE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5085-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5212 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1117/12.504807 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Optics; Polymer Science GA BY14E UT WOS:000187883100033 ER PT S AU Gruneisen, MT AF Gruneisen, MT BE Chien, LC TI Programmable diffractive optics using liquid-crystal media SO LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystal Materials, Devices, and Applications IX CY JAN 21-22, 2002 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE adaptive optics; liquid crystals; programmable diffractive optics; wide-dynamic-range wavefront control; computer-generated holography; non-mechanical beam steering; diffractive optics ID SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS; HOLOGRAPHY AB "Programmable diffractive optics utilizing a high-resolution liquid-crystal phase modulator is demonstrated as a versatile technique for wide-dynamic-range, two-dimensional wavefront control. A high-resolution phase modulator system introduces modulo-2pi phase modulation and operates with 307,200 independently addressable elements, 100% fill factor and total optical efficiencies of up to 93%. Demonstrations include beam steering, large aberration compensation, and near-diffraction-limited imaging and beam directing in a telescope system with large defocus and off-axis aberrations." C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4803-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5003 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1117/12.502727 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW83Q UT WOS:000183305300024 ER PT S AU Harris, S AF Harris, S BE Khoo, IC TI Polarization effects in nematic liquid crystal optical phased arrays SO LIQUID CRYSTALS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystals VII CY AUG 05-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB In a one-dimensional liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA), a liquid crystal layer is electrically addressed by an array of long, narrow electrodes. A spatially periodic voltage profile can be applied to the liquid crystals in order to induce a sawtooth-shaped index of refraction variation in the liquid crystal layer that will steer an optical beam in a fashion analogous to that of a blazed diffraction grating. In reality, an LCOPA is a thick, periodic, anisotropic structure with complicated polarization properties. The changes in polarization as a beam passes through an LCOPA can have negative practical effects, particularly in optical systems where LCOPAs and other polarization-sensitive optical elements are cascaded. This paper presents experimental measurements of the polarization state of the light diffracted by an LCOPA as well as a discussion of the origin of these effects. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harris, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5086-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5213 BP 26 EP 39 DI 10.1117/12.506115 PG 14 WC Crystallography; Optics; Polymer Science SC Crystallography; Optics; Polymer Science GA BY56M UT WOS:000189409600004 ER PT S AU Bunning, TJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL AF Bunning, TJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL BE Khoo, IC TI Effect of gel-point versus conversion on the real-time dynamics of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) formation SO LIQUID CRYSTALS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Liquid Crystals VII CY AUG 05-07, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE shrinkage; photopolymerization; volume gratings; holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals; diffraction efficiency; bandwidth AB We present data that indicates much more uniform reflection grating notches are formed when using thiol-ene photopolymerization as compared to the typical multifunctional acrylate photopolymerization. The scaling behavior of both diffraction efficiency and notch bandwidth versus thickness is presented for both acrylate and thiol-ene-based polymer hosts. The latter follows predicted behavior over a much larger range of thickness than the former. We attribute these differences to a delay in the gel-point with respect to the reaction start. Since the bulk of shrinkage occurs before gelation, detrimental effects caused by anisotropic stress build-up and subsequent relaxation is minimized. Using real-time monitoring techniques, we monitor the blue shift of the notch wavelength and the bandwidth development as a function of time for both chemistries. We demonstrate that thicker samples with appreciable diffraction efficiency and narrow bandwidths can be obtained. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5086-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5213 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1117/12.505846 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Optics; Polymer Science SC Crystallography; Optics; Polymer Science GA BY56M UT WOS:000189409600013 ER PT S AU Naik, RR Stringer, SJ Johnson, JM Stone, MO AF Naik, RR Stringer, SJ Johnson, JM Stone, MO BE Thomas, JL Kiick, KL Gower, LA TI Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles SO MATERIALS INSPIRED BY BIOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Inspired by Biology held at the the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AF Res Lab, ML, Avanti Polar Lipids Inc, Boston Sci Corp, DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mat Res, Natl Inst Hlth Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, Natl Inst Hlth Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res ID BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; PEPTIDES; LIBRARY AB The use of biomolecules in the creation of inorganic materials offers an alternative to conventional synthetic methods. Biomolecules are currently used to control nucleation and growth of inorganic nanoparticles. Here we demonstrate the formation of silver nanoparticles in the presence of silver-binding peptides. Examination of the silver nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy revealed a variety of crystal morphologies such as hexagons, triangles and spheres. The peptides serve to reduce the silver ions in the aqueous solution to metallic silver as well as control crystal growth. The nucleation property of peptides can be used as tool for bottom-up fabrication. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Biotechnol Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Biotechnol Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-711-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 774 BP 155 EP 163 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BX72Z UT WOS:000186233100021 ER PT J AU Caton, MJ Jones, JW Mayer, H Stanzl-Tschegg, S Allison, JE AF Caton, MJ Jones, JW Mayer, H Stanzl-Tschegg, S Allison, JE TI Demonstration of an endurance limit in cast 319 aluminum SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE-CRACK GROWTH; HIGH-CYCLE REGIME; ALLOY; DEFECTS AB An investigation of the fatigue properties of cast W319-T7, an Al-Si-Cu alloy used in automotive engine components, was conducted using ultrasonic testing equipment with operating frequencies of 20 kHz. The stress-life (S-N) behavior at room temperature was determined for three solidification conditions of this alloy, where stresses for fatigue lives ranging from 105 to 109 cycles were determined. The results are compared to fatigue data acquired using servohydraulic equipment operating at 40 Hz. No influence of loading frequency has been observed. A discrete endurance limit is indicated for each of the three solidification conditions of W319-T7. The scientific and practical implications of this result are discussed. A material model presented previously is modified by introducing a crack growth threshold condition in order to predict the observed endurance limits. The model is shown to effectively predict the influence of solidification time on the fatigue properties of W319-T7. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45429 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Agr Sci, Inst Meteorol & Phys, Vienna, Austria. Ford Motor Co, Dept Mat Sci, Ford Res Labs, Dearborn, MI 48124 USA. RP Caton, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45429 USA. NR 21 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 12 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s11661-003-0206-x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 630QW UT WOS:000180120700004 ER PT J AU Ivasishin, OM Markovsky, PE Matviychuk, YV Semiatin, SL AF Ivasishin, OM Markovsky, PE Matviychuk, YV Semiatin, SL TI Precipitation and recrystallization behavior of beta titanium alloys during continuous heat treatment SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Precipitation and recrystallization behavior during the continuous heat treatment of three beta-titanium alloys with various molydenum equivalents (VT22, Ti-15-3, and TIMETAL-LCB) was established. Following solution treatment, the materials were cold deformed to various reductions and then heated at rates between 0.17 and 50 K s(-1) to peak temperatures below and above the beta-transus temperature. Precipitation below the transus was most rapid for the alloy with the least amount of beta stabilizing elements (VT22) and next fastest for the most-highly-alloyed material (TIMETAL-LCB), an effect ascribed to its large iron content. The reduction level was found to have a very strong influence on the uniformity of recrystallization and the recrystallized grain size. Because of the competition between precipitation and the temperature dependence of recrystallization nucleation and growth, the heating-rate dependence of the recrystallization temperature for the beta-titanium alloys was weak. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, GV Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, Dept Phys Strength & Plast Inhomogeneous Alloys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 20 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 27 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s11661-003-0216-8 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 630QW UT WOS:000180120700014 ER PT J AU Shaw, L Zawrah, M Villegas, J Luo, H Miracle, D AF Shaw, L Zawrah, M Villegas, J Luo, H Miracle, D TI Effects of process-control agents on mechanical alloying of nanostructured aluminum alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METALLIC GLASSES; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; METASTABLE PHASES; STRENGTH; POWDERS; NI AB The effects of the process-control agents (PCAs) stearic acid and methanol on the mechanical alloying (MA) of a nanostructured aluminum alloy (Al93Fe3Ti2Cr2) have been investigated. The dependency of the powder-particle sizes, grain sizes, atomic-level strains, lattice parameters, formation of solid solutions, and microstructural evolution of the aluminum alloy on the types of PCAs and their concentrations have been studied using a variety of analytical instruments including X-ray diffraction scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results clearly indicate that prevention of excessive cold welding of Al particles can be achieved by the addition of a PCA at the expense of reductions in the grain size, formation rate of solid solutions, and rate of microstructural refinement, all of which are desired in MA of the Al alloy. Furthermore, a PCA that is more effective in preventing excessive cold welding will also impose more hindrance to the MA process. These phenomena have been discussed in the light of the adsorption of the PCA on the metal surface and the lubricating function of the PCA. C1 Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Natl Res Ctr, Refractory & Ceram Dept, Cairo 12622, Dokki, Egypt. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shaw, L (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. OI Zawrah, Mahmoud/0000-0001-5172-7304 NR 40 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s11661-003-0217-7 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 630QW UT WOS:000180120700015 ER PT S AU Gisselquist, MDE AF Gisselquist, MDE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Minimum mean square error filters for binary phase shift keyed signals SO MILCOM 2003 - 2003 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2003) CY OCT 13-16, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE Commun Soc AB One consequence of the Nyquist theory of minimum bandwidth is that any and all bandwidth above that minimum is redundant. This excess bandwidth has been exploited both in cyclostationary signal processing, under the name spectral correlation, as well as in the design of optimal receiver filters. Such receiver filters have to date only, exploited the spectral correlation due to a uniform symbol rate, disregarding the spectral correlation about the center frequency which is present in real signals at bandpass frequencies. This paper investigates using both spectral correlations in the design of an optimal receiver filter for Binary Phase Shift Keyed (BPSK) signals in colored noise environments. Two results are demonstrated. First, the optimal filter is shown to be a combination of a matched filter for colored noise followed by a tapped delay line equalizer Second, it is shown that by using this technique significant gains may be achieved in colored noise over other linear filters used in BPSK demodulation. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gisselquist, MDE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Daniel.Gisselquist@afit.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-8140-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2003 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAA49 UT WOS:000221341000004 ER PT J AU Ornstein, DL Frye, BL Ririe, D Shaughnessy, P Burke, CT Coronado, I Bush, AC AF Ornstein, DL Frye, BL Ririe, D Shaughnessy, P Burke, CT Coronado, I Bush, AC TI Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the active duty military population: 1987-2001 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HEALTH; SURVIVORS AB Wilford Hall Medical Center at Lackland Air Force Base is the only military medical center in the United States at which allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) are performed. Through May 2001, 367 patients, including 163 active duty service members, have received allogeneic HSCT from related donors. We performed a retrospective review of the outcomes of allogeneic HSCT in active duty members to determine what proportion was returned to full-time military service after HSCT and to delineate the factors associated with successful return to military service. Twenty-one percent of service members who received allogeneic HSCT were returned to active duty at some point after treatment. Age, sex, branch of service, and rank had no significant influence on return to duty status. When adjusted for age and rank, the only significant predictor of successful return to active duty was a diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Although individuals with good risk diseases such as aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, paroxymal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and acute myelogenous leukemia in first complete remission have also been returned active duty after HSCT, these diagnoses were not statistically predictive of a return to active duty. We conclude that it may be, possible to predict which service members will return to active duty after allogeneic HSCT based on the disease for which HSCT is being performed. Most importantly, active duty service members need not be a priori medically retired after HSCT, and each return to duty decision must be individualized. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Bone Marrow Transplant Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Ornstein, DL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Bone Marrow Transplant Ctr, Hematol Oncol Flight,59 MDW,MMIH,Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 28 EP 31 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EH UT WOS:000181421900007 PM 12546242 ER PT J AU Renfro, RS Deckro, RF AF Renfro, RS Deckro, RF TI A flow model social network analysis of the Iranian government SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Social networks describe. the complex interrelations, both formal and informal, between individuals and groups. Modeling and analysis of social networks has many practical applications across an array of domains. These include government and military applications. An example is considered in detail for the Iranian government decision making - process where relevant individuals and groups, their interactions, and their role in the decision-making process are explicitly modeled. This analysis illustrates a flow model representation of social networks. Flow modeling is a robust and powerful tool for social network analysis. Mapping social network analysis to a flow model representation resolves many of the problems found in existing Social Network Analysis techniques. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Renfro, RS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Washington, DC USA. EM robert.renfro@pentagon.af.mil; richard.deckro@afit.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2003 VL 8 IS 1 BP 5 EP 16 PG 12 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 761UY UT WOS:000187934900001 ER PT J AU Young, IA Bauer, KW Chambal, SP Pugh, DM AF Young, IA Bauer, KW Chambal, SP Pugh, DM TI Fusing statistical and neural classification for screening undergraduate pilot training candidates SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Every year the Air Force spends millions of dollars to send personnel through Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT). To be accepted into UPT, a candidate must go through a selection process designed to ensure that the Air Force chooses personnel best suited to succeed in a rigorous training environment. One of the key factors provided to the selection board is the Pilot Candidate Selection Method (PCSM) score. The PCSM weights a candidate's Air Force Officer Qualification Test (AFOQT) score, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) flying hours, and a Basic Attributes Test (BAT) score to provide a single score between 1 and 99. This study applied multivariate data analysis techniques, including discriminant analysis and neural networks, to develop a new model to predict pilot success. An entire cradle to grave approach is presented from data screening to model implementation. The new model was validated to establish its predictive accuracy, capabilities, and limits. Although the new model was developed without considering the current methodology employed by the Air Force, a post-analysis comparison was made for evaluation purposes. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Young, IA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Washington, DC USA. EM Ian.Young@randolph.af.mil; Kenneth.Bauer@afit.edu; Stephen.Chambal@afit.edu; David.Pugh@randolph.af.mil NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2003 VL 8 IS 2 BP 5 EP 19 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 761UZ UT WOS:000187935000001 ER PT J AU Cullenbine, CA Gallagher, MA Moore, JT AF Cullenbine, CA Gallagher, MA Moore, JT TI Assigning nuclear weapons with reactive tabu search SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ASSIGNMENT AB United States Strategic Command developed the Weapon Assignment Model (WAM) to analyze potential future force structures and build the Red Integrated Strategic Offensive Plan (RISOP), a hypothetical Russian war plan for attacking the West. Typical problems modeled by WAM consider thousands of targets, warheads, and delivery systems including ballistic missiles with Multiple Independent Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs) simultaneously launched against multiple targets. MIRV weapons are assigned to targets from a preplanned pool of thousands of operationally feasible groups of targets. Integer formulations of the weapon assignment problem often have tens of goals, half a million decision variables, and tens of thousands of constraints. The problem size warrants the use of heuristics to find good solutions. Tabu search obtains near optimal solutions to these problems. The solutions have excellent objective function values, generally within a small percent of the solution of the relaxed problem. We compare tabu search solutions with the current heuristic's solutions. We test a number of tabu search features including Reactive Tabu Search (RTS) and various intensification and diversification strategies. In this application; we find that RTS outperforms a tabu search with fixed tabu tenure. Tabu search's ability to quickly find good solutions to these nuclear targeting problems enables analysts to examine more alternatives for force structure and policy decisions. This research creates opportunities for flexible U.S. nuclear war responses. Since good solutions are found in less than half the flight-time of an attacking ballistic missile, tabu search provides an opportunity to revise a counter attack plan and incorporate the latest military intelligence: This approach could I support a real-time retargeting capability based on the most current information. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Cullenbine, CA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM Christopher.Cullenbine@pentagon.af.mil; GALLAGHM@stratcom.mil; James.Moore@afit.edu NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2003 VL 8 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 PG 13 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 761UY UT WOS:000187934900004 ER PT J AU Riddle, DL Coovert, MD Elliott, LR Schiflett, SG AF Riddle, DL Coovert, MD Elliott, LR Schiflett, SG TI Potential contributions of rough sets data analysis to training evaluations SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Effective training evaluation presents many challenges to the researcher and practitioner. We introduce rough sets theory and analysis as an analytic tool that can be employed to evaluate training systems effectively. The technique is especially helpful if any of the following situations exist in evaluating the training context: Data are discrete, relations among or between predictor and criterion variables are nonlinear, it is important to be able to determine the relative importance of predictor variables, or the concept describing the training criterion changes one or more times throughout the training pipeline. The technique is applied to data taken from a high-fidelity training simulator used by Air Force Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) teams. Both team- and position-level findings are presented. The discussion highlights the strengths and limitations of the approach. C1 Univ S Florida, Inst Human Performance Decis Making & Cybernet, Dept Psychol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Veridian Engn, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Riddle, DL (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Inst Human Performance Decis Making & Cybernet, Dept Psychol, PCD 4118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1501_04 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 667EV UT WOS:000182219000005 ER PT J AU Bennett, W Alliger, GM Eddy, ER Tannenbaum, SI AF Bennett, W Alliger, GM Eddy, ER Tannenbaum, SI TI Expanding the training evaluation criterion space: Cross aircraft convergence and lessons learned from evaluation of the air force mission ready technician program SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOB ANALYSIS QUESTIONNAIRE; SELF-EFFICACY; INCUMBENTS; BIAS AB This study reports the analyses of data collected from an evaluation effort for 2 Mission Ready Technician (MRT) training programs for C-141 transport and F-16 fighter aircraft crew chiefs. We obtained ratings from over 100 trainees in each program, as well as from their trainers and supervisors, both during training and in the field via survey. The goal of this research was to explore the criterion space set up for this evaluation. Whereas past evaluation research has explored task difficulty, frequency, and importance, this research explores an expanded criterion space, including task confidence, task performance, task difficulty, and task frequency. Descriptive statistics, predictive regressions, and exploratory factor analyses are reported. We conclude that the data show a similar factor structure for both aircraft and that MRT frequency of task performance and confidence ratings are highly predictive of field performance. A major implication is that one way to optimize the effectiveness of training is to emphasize the development of trainee confidence at a relatively micro level, such as the task level. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Training Res Div, Mesa, AZ USA. Grp Org Effectiveness, Albany, NY USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Management, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Bennett, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Training Res Div, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 59 EP 76 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1501_05 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 667EV UT WOS:000182219000006 ER PT J AU Nullmeyer, RT Spiker, VA AF Nullmeyer, RT Spiker, VA TI The importance of crew resource management behaviors in mission performance: Implications for training evaluation SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKILLS AB Cockpit/crew resource management (CRM) training within the military has grown rapidly despite the paucity of empirical data linking CRM to mission performance. CRM training objectives (and course content) are often too vague to allow meaningful training evaluation within the context of traditional transfer-of-training paradigms. A multimeasure methodology that exploits all sources of archival and observational data within a training organization has the potential to advance training evaluation, particularly for crew-based skills such as CRM. This article discusses a variety of CRM data sources and presents findings using 2 of these sources: instructor comments in student training folders and over-the-shoulder observations of crews in tactical simulators. Instructor comments revealed that CRM problems early in training most frequently involve decision making and communication among crew members. Over-the-shoulder observations of experienced crews showed high correlations between independent ratings of CRM proficiency and mission performance. The most effective crews exhibited such characteristic CRM behaviors as the presence of a single leader and willingness to change plans based on changing mission situations. The article closes by describing how these study data can be used to restructure CRM training into a set of behavior-based objectives that will enable meaningful evaluation of its effectiveness in improving the performance levels of all student crews. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Aircrew Training Res Div, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. Anacapa Sci, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Nullmeyer, RT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aircrew Training Res Div, 6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 77 EP 96 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1501_06 PG 20 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 667EV UT WOS:000182219000007 ER PT J AU Fillman, EP Burton, MP Ehsan, A Neuhauser, TS AF Fillman, EP Burton, MP Ehsan, A Neuhauser, TS TI Comparison of immunohistochemical staining of splenic marginal zone hyperplasia and splenic marginal zone lymphoma SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 MA 1060 BP 232A EP 232A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 640ZY UT WOS:000180720101070 ER PT S AU Price, SD Mizuno, D Murdock, AL AF Price, SD Mizuno, D Murdock, AL BE Duke, MB TI Thermal profiles of the eclipsed moon SO MOON: SCIENCE, EXPLORATION AND UTILISATION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint COSPAR/IAC Meeting on the Moon - Science, Exploration and Utilisation held at the World Space Congress CY OCT, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res, IAC ID MIDCOURSE-SPACE-EXPERIMENT AB The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) mapped the thermal 4.3 mum emission from the Moon during the eclipse of 27 September 1996 UT with a resolution of about 30". MSX obtained ten 4.3 mum brightness temperature maps, one every 1 to 3 minutes, during the three twenty minute observations of the eclipse and was thus able to define spatially resolved (45km) cooling curves over the entire lunar surface. A large number of hot spots were observed that correlate well with those noted by previous observers. The hotspots tend to correspond to craters. Certain more extended regions, the maria. and portions of maria, are warmer than the highlands. The 4.3 mum temperature contrasts observed at various regions of the eclipsed Moon by MSX also agree with the mid-infrared values previously published, although there is a tendency for the MSX values to be warmer. The MSX observations of the uneven cooling during the eclipse provide information on the thermo-physical properties of the various features. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Frontier Technol Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. RP Price, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBC, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2299 EP 2304 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00531-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX54J UT WOS:000185644500002 ER PT S AU Vasilyev, VS Drehman, AJ Bouthillette, LO AF Vasilyev, VS Drehman, AJ Bouthillette, LO BE Aziz, MJ Bartelt, NC Berbezier, I Hannon, JB Hearne, SJ TI Characterization of Eu- and Y-polytantalate films deposited by RF diode sputtering SO MORPHOLOGICAL AND COMPOSITIONAL EVOLUTION OF THIN FILMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Morphological and Compositional Evolution of Thin Films CY DEC 02-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Using radio frequency (RF) diode sputtering of sintered stoichiometric (Eu,Y)(2)O-3:7Ta(2)O(5) ceramic targets, thin films (0.2-0.6 mum) of Eu- and Y-polytantalates, and their solid solution EuxY1-xTa7O19 were deposited on fused silica, Si (100) and sapphire (001) substrates under various sputtering conditions. As-grown films were amorphous, and were crystallized by post-annealing in oxygen at 900 to 1000 degreesC. The influences of deposition gases (Ar and O-2-partial pressure) substrate material, deposition time, substrate temperature, and post-annealing time and temperature on the structural, morphological and photo-luminescence (PL) properties of Eu3+-ions in the films have been studied and compared to properties of sintered (Eu,Y)Ta7O19 ceramic and EuTa7O19 single crystals. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Vasilyev, VS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 80 Scott Dr, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-686-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 749 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX36X UT WOS:000185075500015 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Starzyk, JA Ensley, DD AF Nelson, DE Starzyk, JA Ensley, DD TI Wavelet transformation and signal discrimination for HRR radar target recognition SO MULTIDIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE rough sets; wavelets; automatic target recognition; high range resolution radar; feature selection AB This paper explores the use of wavelets to improve the selection of discriminant features in the target recognition problem using High Range Resolution (HRR) radar signals in an air to air scenario. We show that there is statistically no difference between four different wavelet families in extracting discriminatory features. Since similar results can be obtained from any of the four wavelet families and wavelets within the families, the simplest wavelet (Haar) should be used. We further show that a simple box classifier can be constructed from the extracted features and that any feature that classifies four or less training signals can be removed from the classifier without a statistically significant difference in the classifier performance. We use the box classifier to select the 128 most salient pseudo range bins and then apply the wavelet transform to this reduced set of bins. We show that by iteratively applying this approach, classifier performance is improved. The number of times the feature reduction and transformation can be performed while producing improved classifier performance is small and the transformed features are shown to quickly cause the performance to approach an asymptote. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Stocker Ctr 347, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USAF, WRALCLUJE, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle,AFR1-SNAT,Bldg 620,Rm C2S69, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-6082 J9 MULTIDIM SYST SIGN P JI Multidimens. Syst. Signal Process. PD JAN-JUL PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1-3 BP 9 EP 24 DI 10.1023/A:1022264807248 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 642BA UT WOS:000180782600003 ER PT S AU Tan, LS Kannan, R Matuszewski, MJ Khur, IJ Feld, WA Dang, TD Dombroskie, AG Vaia, RA Clarson, SJ He, GS Lin, TC Prasad, PN AF Tan, LS Kannan, R Matuszewski, MJ Khur, IJ Feld, WA Dang, TD Dombroskie, AG Vaia, RA Clarson, SJ He, GS Lin, TC Prasad, PN BE Belfield, KD Caracci, SJ Kajzar, F Lawson, CM Yeates, AT TI Functionalization of heterocyclic diphenylamino-based two-photon absorbing materials for microfabrication, data storage and upconverted Imaging SO MULTIPHOTON ABSORPTION AND NONLINEAR TRANSMISSION PROCESSES: MATERIALS, THEORY, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Absorption and Nonlinear Transmission Processes - Materials, Theory and Applications CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate DE two-photon; chromophores; glassy materials; polymers; monomers ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; OPTICAL-DATA STORAGE; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; 2-PHOTON-ABSORBING CHROMOPHORES; EXCITATION; FLUORESCENCE; MICROSCOPY; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; FLUOROPHORES; DERIVATIVES AB Two-photon absorption (TPA), a molecular excitation process by the simultaneous absorption of two photons, has recently attracted growing interest in many photonic and optical applications because of the availability of chromophores that exhibit large, effective TPA cross-sections. Over the past 6-7 years. we have successfully synthesized a family of TPA molecules (designated as AFX) that possess large nonlinear optical properties, including unsymmetrical and multi-branched chromophores comprised of 'electron acceptor-aromatic bridge-electron donor' structural motif. These chromophores are excitable with useful wavelengths around 800 nm and fluoresce in the 400-450 nm region. However, practical uses of these chromophores depend on developing functionalization chemistry pertinent to specific applications. We are particularly interested in incorporating these TPA active molecules into polymeric or low melting glassy materials that are amenable to easy processing and fabrication. Our recent results in this direction will be discussed in this paper. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, AFRL,MLBP,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, AFRL,MLBP,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4564-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4797 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1117/12.453273 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BW38Y UT WOS:000181846300020 ER PT S AU Day, PN Nguyen, KA Pachter, R AF Day, PN Nguyen, KA Pachter, R BE Belfield, KD Caracci, SJ Kajzar, F Lawson, CM Yeates, AT TI First principle calculations of two-photon absorption spectra: Trans-octatetraene and trans-stilbene SO MULTIPHOTON ABSORPTION AND NONLINEAR TRANSMISSION PROCESSES: MATERIALS, THEORY, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Absorption and Nonlinear Transmission Processes - Materials, Theory and Applications CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate DE density functional theory; nonlinear absorption; octatetraene; stilbene; excited states; transition dipole moments ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRUM; AB-INITIO; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; LINEAR POLYENES; RESPONSE THEORY; EXCITED-STATES; CROSS-SECTION; APPROXIMATION; EXCHANGE AB An accurate prediction of two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra would be of value in the design of TPA molecules for specific applications. The spectrum can be calculated using the sum-over-states (SOS) formalism, which requires accurate values for the energies of the relevant electronic states and for the transition dipole moments between these states. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) has been shown to give accurate excitation energies and ground-state transition dipole moments for a wide variety of molecules. It is now possible to use this method to calculate excited-state transition dipole moments and to subsequently calculate TPA cross-sections using the SOS formalism. We report TDDFT calculations of the TPA spectra for trans-octatetraene and trans-stilbene. The energy levels, transition dipole moments, and TPA cross-sections calculated by this and other methods are compared to experiment and to other theoretical methods. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Day, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4564-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4797 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1117/12.453268 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BW38Y UT WOS:000181846300022 ER PT S AU Kirkpatrick, SM Peterman, EK Anderson, GT Franklin, JE Baur, JW AF Kirkpatrick, SM Peterman, EK Anderson, GT Franklin, JE Baur, JW BE Belfield, KD Caracci, SJ Kajzar, F Lawson, CM Yeates, AT TI Nonlinear photophysics and charge generation of donor-acceptor two-photon absorbing dyes SO MULTIPHOTON ABSORPTION AND NONLINEAR TRANSMISSION PROCESSES: MATERIALS, THEORY, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Absorption and Nonlinear Transmission Processes - Materials, Theory and Applications CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate ID POLYMER; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; ABSORPTION AB The nonlinear energy dynamics and charge carrier generation of a model donor-acceptor two-photon dye, AF-380, is investigated using ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy. This material has been the focus of several investigations due to its large reported two-photon absorption cross-section, the discrepancies between long and short pulse measurements, and its use in microfabrication through holographic two-photon induced photopolymerization. It is believed that a substantial excited state absorbance can account for the difference in two-photon cross section measurements, and furthermore, that the resulting excited state exhibits a lifetime substantially long enough to affect subsequent absorption of longer pump pulses or higher repetition rates. Experimental and theoretical considerations of the electronic dynamics are discussed using a rate analysis and beam propagation code for comparison. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4564-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4797 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1117/12.454862 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BW38Y UT WOS:000181846300025 ER PT S AU Das, GP Yeates, AT Dudis, DS AF Das, GP Yeates, AT Dudis, DS BE Belfield, KD Caracci, SJ Kajzar, F Lawson, CM Yeates, AT TI NEW molecular ab initio theory based on fragment orbitals: Application to two-photon absorbing molecules SO MULTIPHOTON ABSORPTION AND NONLINEAR TRANSMISSION PROCESSES: MATERIALS, THEORY, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multiphoton Absorption and Nonlinear Transmission Processes - Materials, Theory and Applications CY JUL 08-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate ID SYSTEMS AB A new formulation of ab initio theory is presented that treats a large molecule in terms of wavefunctions of its constituent molecular subunits (to be called fragments). The method aims to achieve near conventional ab initio accuracy but using a truncated set of fragment orbitals with a consequent drastic reduction of computing time and storage requirement. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Div Mat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Das, GP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Div Mat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4564-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4797 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1117/12.458559 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BW38Y UT WOS:000181846300034 ER PT B AU Reid, JR Starman, LA AF Reid, JR Starman, LA BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Simulation of cantilever beam micro-switch pull-in and collapse voltages SO NANOTECH 2003, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2003) CY FEB 23-27, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Ardesta, LLC, Swiss Nanotechnol Initiat, Belgian Nanotechnol Initiat, Oppenheimer wolff & Donnelly LLP, Accelrys Inc, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, Motorola Inc, ANSYS Inc, COMSOL, Thomson, Derwent, M&W Zander US Operat Inc, Small Times Media DE RF MEMS; direct contact; micro-switches; cantilever AB Simulations of cantilever beam micro-switches exhibit two important operational voltages: the pull-in voltage when contact is initiated at the landing electrode; and the collapse voltage when the cantilever collapses onto the drive electrode. In between these two voltage levels is the operational range of the switch. Our simulations show that the operational range of the switch is heavily dependent on the switch design. As demonstrated here, increasing the electrode width decreases both the pull-in and collapse voltages. However, the percentage decrease in the pull-in voltage is well below that of the collapse voltage. Thus wider electrodes constrain the operating region of the switch. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Reid, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-0-9 PY 2003 BP 432 EP 435 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAN93 UT WOS:000223045100112 ER PT B AU Akdim, B Duan, X Adams, WW Pachter, R AF Akdim, B Duan, X Adams, WW Pachter, R BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI A comparative theoretical study of carbon and boron-nitride single-wall nanotubes SO NANOTECH 2003, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2003) CY FEB 23-27, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Ardesta, LLC, Swiss Nanotechnol Initiat, Belgian Nanotechnol Initiat, Oppenheimer wolff & Donnelly LLP, Accelrys Inc, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, Motorola Inc, ANSYS Inc, COMSOL, Thomson, Derwent, M&W Zander US Operat Inc, Small Times Media DE boron nitride and carbon nanotubes; density functional theory; radial breathing mode; intertube coupling ID MODES AB In this study we report the results of a theoretical study of vibrational and electronic properties of single-wall BN and C nanotubes (BN-NTs and CNTs), taking into account the effects of intertube coupling, by using a full potential linear combination of atomic orbitals method, as well as a planewave pseudo-potential density functional theory approach. Up-shifts in the values of the radial breathing modes (RBMs) due to intertube coupling were calculated, and found to be small and systematic, for both BN-NTs and CNTs. An understanding of the observed behavior was obtained in terms of the effects of intertube interactions on the van Hove sincularities. We conclude that our approach provides a reasonable tool for accurate predictions of RBMs in carbon, and possibly BN nanotubes. C1 Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Akdim, B (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-2-5 PY 2003 BP 147 EP 148 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BAN98 UT WOS:000223047000040 ER PT B AU Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Ewing, RL AF Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Ewing, RL BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Bio-inspired integrated circuits for signal perception and processing SO NANOTECH 2003, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2003) CY FEB 23-27, 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Ardesta, LLC, Swiss Nanotechnol Initiat, Belgian Nanotechnol Initiat, Oppenheimer wolff & Donnelly LLP, Accelrys Inc, Ciphergen Biosyst Inc, Motorola Inc, ANSYS Inc, COMSOL, Thomson, Derwent, M&W Zander US Operat Inc, Small Times Media AB Bio-inspired systems utilizing neural networks (NNs) and genetic algorithms (GAs) are presented for communications, networking information dissemination, and real-time control in signal perception and processing (SPP). VLSI and nano circuits and systems will provide affordable, reproducible, and reliable front-end high performance SPP. Sample applications are presented for integrated intelligent E-Nose Systems, and Communication Systems which include: i-Self-Organizing feature Map for discovery, ii- Recurrent Dynamic Neural Networks (NNs), with output neurons feedback and feed forward arrays for noisy signals, iii- Reinforcement NNs for applications with only key features, rather than a known model, iv- Spiking NNs that adjust their synapses subject to changes in the environment, and v- Genetic Algorithms for characterization and optimization. C1 Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Microelect Syst Design Lab, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Microelect Syst Design Lab, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9728422-2-5 PY 2003 BP 361 EP 364 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BAN98 UT WOS:000223047000097 ER PT S AU Yannuzzi, MJ Moser, NA Fitch, RC Jessen, GH Gillespie, JK Via, GD Crespo, A Jenkins, TJ Look, DC Reynolds, DC AF Yannuzzi, MJ Moser, NA Fitch, RC Jessen, GH Gillespie, JK Via, GD Crespo, A Jenkins, TJ Look, DC Reynolds, DC BE Chyi, JI Pearton, SJ Han, J Baca, AG Chang, WH TI Effects of pre-process temperature stressing on AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures SO NEW APPLICATIONS FOR WIDE-BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Applications for Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors CY APR 22-24, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Army Res Lab, Army Res Off, Sandia Natl Lab AB In an effort to investigate the stability of the surface and hetero-interface of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs during high temperature device processing steps, AlGaN/GaN HEMT samples were subjected to temperatures from 650 degreesC to 1150 degreesC for a period of 30 seconds prior to processing. Hall and photoluminescence measurements were performed on samples before and after temperature stressing. The samples annealed at 700 degreesC and 1150 degreesC were then processed, and electrical parametric data were collected during and after processing. Large increases in HEMT Schottky gate diode reverse leakage current are observed at higher pre-process annealing temperatures, while the low-field mobility decreases. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yannuzzi, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-701-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 764 BP 305 EP 313 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX72X UT WOS:000186232700043 ER PT S AU Guha, S AF Guha, S BE Schepler, KL Lowenthal, DD Pierce, JW TI Optimization of the efficiency of a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator at pump powers many times above threshold SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion CY JAN 27-28, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE AB A method is presented here to determine the dependence of both the threshold and the conversion efficiency of a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator on the focusing conditions of the pump and signal beams, phase mismatch and incident pump power. Strong pump depletion effect is included. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4772-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4972 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.478547 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BX08Q UT WOS:000184239400009 ER PT S AU Grote, JG Ogata, N Hagen, JA Heckman, E Curley, MJ Yaney, PP Stone, MO Diggs, DE Nelson, RL Zetts, JS Hopkins, FK Dalton, LR AF Grote, JG Ogata, N Hagen, JA Heckman, E Curley, MJ Yaney, PP Stone, MO Diggs, DE Nelson, RL Zetts, JS Hopkins, FK Dalton, LR BE Yeates, AT Belfield, KD Kajzar, F Lawson, CM TI Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based nonlinear optics SO NONLINEAR OPTICAL TRANSMISSION AND MULTIPHOTON PROCESSES IN ORGANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optical Transmission and Multiphoton Processes in Organics CY AUG 03-04, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; nonlinear; fluorescence; optical amplifier; electro-optic modulator; cladding; and conductive polymer ID LOW V-PI; ELECTROOPTIC MODULATORS; POLYMER MODULATORS; VOLTAGE AB Highly purified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from salmon-and scallop sperm by an enzymatic isolation process. Characterization of the optical and electromagnetic properties of DNA suggested suitability for optical waveguide applications. One of characteristic features of DNA we discovered was an intercalation of aromatic compounds into stacked layers within the double helix of DNA molecules. We found that various optical dyes inserted into the double helix of DNA molecules render optical waveguide films of dye-intercalated DNA suitable for active photonic devices. Our investigation includes intercalation of fluorescent dyes, photochromic dyes, nonlinear optic chromophores, two photon dyes and rare earth compounds into DNA comparing results with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based materials. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grote, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5084-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5211 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.510909 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BY14D UT WOS:000187882000007 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Theoretical analysis and simulation of heterocorrelation filters SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XIV CY APR 24-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE pattern recognition; correlation; classification AB In previous work we introduced new algorithms for forcing two dissimilar patterns to correlate with each other with very high discrimination capability. In this work we analyze our algorithms mathematically using nonlinear-transform methods. In this analysis we distinguish what terms are responsible for the correlation and what terms are responsible for the heterocorrelation. Computer simulations supporting our mathematical analysis are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4966-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5106 BP 72 EP 83 DI 10.1117/12.488000 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX46C UT WOS:000185350600009 ER PT S AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Phase-only information based heterocorrelation SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XIV CY APR 24-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE pattern recognition; correlation; classification ID HETEROGENEOUS CORRELATION; FILTER AB In our previous paper "Theoretical analysis and simulation of heterocorrelation filter" We attempted to find the best conditions that makes the relative intensity of the autocorrelation to be equal to the heterocorrelation. Our theoretical modeling and computer simulation based on the theory developed in the previous papers showed that in order to make the autocorrelation equal to the heterocorrelation, it is essential to have phase-only based heteorcorrelation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4966-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5106 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1117/12.488001 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX46C UT WOS:000185350600026 ER PT S AU Russell, TH Roh, WB AF Russell, TH Roh, WB BE Righini, GC Consortini, A TI Laser beam cleanup using stimulated Raman scattering in fiber SO OPTICS FOR THE QUALITY OF LIFE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Congress of the International-Commission-for-Optics CY AUG 25-30, 2002 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Int Commiss Opt, ICO, CNR, INOA, SPIE, Univ Studi Firenze, COST 01, European Opt Soc, IEEE LEOS, INFM, IUPAP, OSA, SIOF ID MULTIMODE OPTICAL-FIBER; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING AB The beam-cleanup properties of stimulated Raman scattering in a long multi-mode fiber and its application to laser brightness enhancement have been investigated. We show that in a multi-mode fiber that supports propagation of a highly aberrated pump beam with the beam quality (M-2) as high as 20, a clean Gaussian-like Stokes beam is generated. The dramatic enhancement in beam quality achieved in the present investigation clearly demonstrates the utility of fiber-based Raman beam cleanup devices for laser brightness enhancement. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Roh, WB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELO, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4596-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4829 BP 361 EP 362 DI 10.1117/12.524637 PN 1&2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY17D UT WOS:000188036900174 ER PT S AU Cooper, TM Haw, BC McLean, DG Rogers, JE Burke, AR Tumbull, K Weisner, A AF Cooper, TM Haw, BC McLean, DG Rogers, JE Burke, AR Tumbull, K Weisner, A BE Blom, PWM Greenham, NC Dimitrakopoulos, CD Frisbie, CD TI Synthesis and characterization of novel platinum acetylide oligomers SO ORGANIC AND POLYMERIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organic and Polymeric Materials and Devices held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; SINGLET; SPECTROSCOPY; ETHYNYL; SERIES AB As part of an effort to develop a spectroscopic structure-property relationship in platinum acetylide oligomers, we have prepared a series of bidentate Pt(PBu3)(2)L-2 compounds. The ligand was the series o-syd-C6H4-CdropC-(C6H4-CdropC)(n)-H, n = 0,1,2. The terminal oligomer unit consisted of a sydnone group ortho to the acetylene carbon. The compounds were characterized by various methods, including C-13-NMR, ground state absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence and laser flash photolysis. The acetylenic C-13-NMR resonances showed sydnone influences that decreased with increasing number of monomer units. The ground state absorption spectra were slightly red shifted from those of the baseline oligomers not having a sydnone group. The low temperature emission and excitation spectra showed complex dependence on excitation and emission wavelengths, suggesting the chromphores resided in a distribution of solvent environments and conformations. Finally, broad triplet state absorption spectra were observed, with absorption throughout the visible and near infrared regions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-708-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 771 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BX59E UT WOS:000185782000014 ER PT S AU Jakubiak, R Brown, DP Vatansever, F Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Tomlin, D Bunning, TJ Vaia, RA AF Jakubiak, R Brown, DP Vatansever, F Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Tomlin, D Bunning, TJ Vaia, RA BE Grote, JG Kaino, T TI Holographic photopolymerization for fabrication of electrically switchable inorganic-organic hybrid photonic structures SO ORGANIC PHOTONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photonic Materials and Devices V CY JAN 27-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE nanocrystals; holography; holographic photopolymerization; quantum dots; nanophotonics ID CRYSTALS; POLYMER; GRATINGS AB Holography offers a rapid, versatile and volume scalable approach for making large area, multi-dimensional, organic photonic band gap (PBG) structures; however, the small refractive index contrast of organics prevents formation of a complete band-gap. The introduction of inorganic nanoparticles to the structure provides a possible solution. Holographic photo-polymerization of monomer-nanoparticle suspensions enables one-step fabrication of multidimensional organic-inorganic PBGs structures with high refractive index contrast. The PBGs are formed from holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) where the liquid crystal molecules segregate during polymerization of the highly cross-linked polymer network. Addition of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots or ZnO nanocrystals to the H-PDLCs formulation results in phase segregation of the nanoparticles into the liquid crystal rich lamellae, producing photonic structures with high diffraction efficiencies that may be modulated by application of an external electric field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jakubiak, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4791-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4991 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1117/12.479443 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BX22R UT WOS:000184695500009 ER PT S AU Nelson, RL Haus, JW Birchfield, B Grote, JG Hopkins, FK Diggs, DE Zetts, JS AF Nelson, RL Haus, JW Birchfield, B Grote, JG Hopkins, FK Diggs, DE Zetts, JS BE Grote, JG Kaino, T TI Polymeric resonant structures in the reflection geometry for electro-optic modulation and sensing SO ORGANIC PHOTONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photonic Materials and Devices V CY JAN 27-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE electro-optic polymer; photonic crystal; nonlinear optics; nonlinear resonant cavity; electro-optic modulation ID CONFIGURATION AB Mach-Zehnder interferometers have been the primary type of architecture for construction of polymeric electro-optic modulators. Recent attention has been given to electro-optic modulators in the reflection geometry as well as modulators that employ a resonant cavity to enhance activity or provide for modulator compactness. Most efforts have focused on the Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) modulators which utilize a guided surface plasmon mode for providing sharply defined angles of incidence at which intensity modulation can be efficiently achieved. This is also the basis of many sensing devices where in both modulation and sensing an active region is placed adjacent to the metal guide. In this work we focus on alternative optical schemes to the ATR for modulation and sensing as well as the possibility of enhanced ATR activity. Resonant cavities are formed using photonic crystals or leaky wave structures which offer the possibility of efficient modulation and sensing. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4791-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4991 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.475407 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BX22R UT WOS:000184695500017 ER PT S AU Grote, JG Ogata, N Diggs, DE Hopkins, FK AF Grote, JG Ogata, N Diggs, DE Hopkins, FK BE Grote, JG Kaino, T TI Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cladding layers for nonlinear optic polymer based electro-optic devices SO ORGANIC PHOTONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photonic Materials and Devices V CY JAN 27-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optic polymer; opto-electronic; electro-optic modulator; cladding; conductive polymer; dielectric constant; deoxyribonucleic acid and DNA ID HALF-WAVE VOLTAGE; LOW V-PI; MODULATORS AB Nonlinear optic (NLO) polymer based electro-optic devices have been achieving world record low half wave voltages and high frequencies over the last 2-3 years.(1-3) Part of the advancement is through the use of relatively more conductive polymers for the cladding layers.(4-8) Based on the current materials available for these cladding materials, however, the desired optical and electromagnetic properties are being balanced for materials processability.(9-11) One does not want the solvent present in one layer to dissolve the one deposited underneath, or-be dissolved by the one being deposited on top. Optimized polymer cladding materials, to further enhance device performance, are continuing to be investigated.(9-11) Thin films of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), derived from salmon sperm, show promise in providing both the desired optical and magnetic properties, as well as the desired resistance to various solvents used for NLO polymer device fabrication. Thin films of DNA were deposited on glass and silicon substrates and the film quality, optical and electromagnetic properties and resistance to various solvents were characterized. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grote, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4791-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4991 BP 621 EP 625 DI 10.1117/12.485827 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BX22R UT WOS:000184695500065 ER PT J AU Lawhorn, KW Howell, SM AF Lawhorn, KW Howell, SM TI Scientific justification and technique for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autogenous and allogeneic soft-tissue grafts SO ORTHOPEDIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TIBIAL TUNNEL PLACEMENT; HAMSTRING TENDON AUTOGRAFT; 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; SEMITENDINOSUS TENDON; INTERCONDYLAR ROOF; GRACILIS TENDONS; PATELLAR TENDON; ACL RECONSTRUCTION; IN-VITRO; KNEE AB The Bone Mulch Screw/WasherLoc technique provides a consistent, reliable method of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using either autogenous or allogeneic soft tissue grafts. The tibial guide customizes placement of the tibial tunnel for each patient, thereby avoiding impingement of the graft against the roof in extension and impingement of the graft against the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in flexion. Correct placement of the femoral tunnel is automatic with the transtibial technique because the femoral tunnel is drilled through the tibial tunnel. Soft tissue grafts require better fixation than patellar tendon bone grafts because tendons heal more slowly during the first 6 weeks of implantation than a bone plug to a tunnel. High strength and stiffness fixation devices, which fix the graft outside the tunnel, optimize graft healing to bone and allows the safe use of aggressive brace-free rehabilitation with an early return to sport and work activities. C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lawhorn, KW (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, 89MSGS-SGCXO,1050 W Perimeter Rd, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RI Howell, Stephen/R-6875-2016 OI Howell, Stephen/0000-0001-8184-0324 NR 50 TC 18 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0030-5898 J9 ORTHOP CLIN N AM JI Orthop. Clin. North Am. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 19 EP + AR PII S0030-5898(02)00029-9 DI 10.1016/S0030-5898(02)00029-9 PG 14 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 661MC UT WOS:000181893500005 PM 12735198 ER PT B AU Pryk, Z Koziarz, W Pedersen, C AF Pryk, Z Koziarz, W Pedersen, C BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI Parallelizing a kalman filter based depth estimator operating on a sequence of images SO PDPTA'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol AB The image processing architecture reported in [13][14] has been significantly restructured and enhanced for better parallel performance and scalability since previously presented. The topology of the distributed architecture has been extensively modified, and the underlying CPU-intensive image correlation process has been re-organized for improved parallel efficiency and scalability performance. This revision of the subject code now successfully implements a novel and highly sophisticated hybrid-serial-parallel-pipeline, threaded, client-server, distributed-memory architecture for processing images in a continuous stream on a Beowulf PC Cluster computer without encountering either computation or communication bottlenecks. Performance is limited only by: a) the overall image size; b) the number of parallel nodes performing the computations; c) the speed of the individual processors in the PC Cluster computer; and, d) the bandwidth of the interconnecting communication network. In a recent test, 300-by-220 pixel sized images were being processed through the code at a steady rate exceeding 2 images/per second, with computation rates exceeding 600 million floating operations per second (600 MFLOPS). C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFTC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, IFTC, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-45-9 PY 2003 BP 451 EP 457 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY08G UT WOS:000187549500066 ER PT S AU Power, GJ AF Power, GJ BE Iftekharuddin, KM Awwal, AAS TI Customizing a similarity filter for object recognition SO PHOTONIC DEVICES AND ALGORITHMS FOR COMPUTING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computing V CY AUG 06-07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE similarity; shape; object recognition; image processing; segmentation; measures; metrics; quality; template matching; match filter; correlation ID PHASE-ONLY FILTER AB In object recognition, one goal of matched filter design has been to define a matching function that produces an ideal correlation peak when a target object in an image scene precisely matches the pre-defined template object. The benefit of such a function is that it guarantees a precise detection/identification. The ideal correlation-based function that defines the match has been described as a dirac delta in the correlation plane. This paper suggests that if similarity as opposed to precise matching is the goal of the correlation function, then only using current two-dimensional correlation techniques will result in a non-dirac delta in the correlation plane. This paper suggests basing the design of the function on the object recognition goal. The approach for correlation function design is demonstrated using psychophysical evidence for class differentiation. A function is designed based on psychophysical experimental results for distinguishing between two simple objects and their deformations: a square and a circle. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Power, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, SNAT, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5074-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5201 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1117/12.504497 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BY24W UT WOS:000188420500008 ER PT S AU Foshee, JJ Zhang, K Tang, SN Colegrove, J AF Foshee, JJ Zhang, K Tang, SN Colegrove, J BE Eldada, LA Pirich, AR Repak, PL Chen, RT Chon, JC TI Photonic polymers and their optoelectronic applications SO PHOTONIC INTEGRATED SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Integrated Systems CY JAN 28-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID WAVE-GUIDE; CIRCUITS; OPTICS AB Photonic crystals exhibit many unique properties that are particularly useful for producing the next generation of photonic devices. These artificially micro structured materials contain periodically modulated dielectric constant on a length scale comparable to the wavelength of light. It has been realized that the lack of fabrication technology and the lack of photonic materials significantly slow down the technology advancement in this area. In this paper, we will present our research progresses in forming unique photonic polymers and their optoelectronic applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Foshee, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4798-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4998 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1117/12.479789 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BX18L UT WOS:000184544000009 ER PT S AU Ochoa, EM Nelson, TR Blum-Spahn, O Lott, JA AF Ochoa, EM Nelson, TR Blum-Spahn, O Lott, JA BE Osinski, M Amano, H Blood, P TI Computer-aided design comparisons of monolithic and hybrid MEM-Tunable VCSELs SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XI CY JAN 27-31, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE MEM-Tunable VCSELs; computer-aided design; hybrid MOEMS; flip-bonding AB We report and use our micro-electro-mechanically tunable vertical cavity surface emitting laser (MEM-TVCSEL) computer-aided design methodology to investigate the resonant frequency design space for monolithic and hybrid MEM-TVCSELs. For various initial optical air gap thickness, we examine the sensitivity of monolithic or hybrid MEM-TVCSEL resonant frequency by simulating zero, two, and four percent variations in III-V material growth thickness. As expected, as initial optical airgap increases, tuning range decreases due to less coupling between the active region and the tuning mirror. However, each design has different resonant frequency sensitivity to variations in III-V growth parameters. In particular, since the monolithic design is comprised of III-V material, the shift in all growth thicknesses significantly shifts the resonant frequency response. However, for hybrid MEM-TVCSELs, less shift results, since the lower reflector is an Au mirror with reflectivity independent of III-V growth variations. Finally, since the hybrid design is comprised of a MUMPS polysilicon mechanical actuator, pull-in voltage remains independent of the initial optical airgap, between the tuning reflector and the III-V material. Conversely, as the initial airgap increases in the monolithic design, the pull-in voltage significantly increases. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ochoa, EM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 P St,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4786-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4986 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1117/12.474395 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX33D UT WOS:000184964500032 ER PT B AU Dang, TD Mather, PT Alexander, MD Houtz, MD Spry, RJ Arnold, FE AF Dang, TD Mather, PT Alexander, MD Houtz, MD Spry, RJ Arnold, FE BE Mittal, KI TI Synthesis of aromatic benzoxazole polymers for high T-g, low dielectric properties SO POLYIMIDES AND OTHER HIGH TEMPERATURE POLYMERS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High Temperature Polymers CY DEC 03-06, 2001 CL NEWARK, NJ SP MST Conf DE low dielectric constant; low-k; benzoxazole polymers; fluorinated aromatic polymers; hydrophobic polymers; microelectronic packaging ID RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY; FILM; ANISOTROPY; POLYIMIDES AB Next generation microelectronic packaging requirements are driving the need to produce increasingly lower dielectric constant materials while maintaining high thermal stability and ease of processing. Important material requirements for these applications include low dielectric constant, high thermal, thermooxidative and dimensional stabilities, T-g above 350degreesC, low thermal expansion coefficient and low moisture uptake. Required dielectric constants will be between 2.0-2.4, with a progressive need for a figure of merit below 2.0. Our research efforts have focused on the synthesis and characterization of new polymer compositions with a view to meeting the objectives of imparting high thermal stability (degradation temperatures substantially higher than 350degreesC), low moisture uptake (less than 1%), solubility for processing in common organic solvents, as well as obtaining dielectric constants less than 2.5 and low thermal expansion coefficients. The logical extension of such an approach has recently resulted in some unique post-polymerization chemistry involving intramolecular rearrangement and crosslinking of the candidate polymeric materials to provide resistance to chemicals encountered during microelectronic packaging. C1 AFRL, MLBP, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dang, TD (reprint author), AFRL, MLBP, Polymer Branch, 2941 P St,Bldg 654, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-6764-378-5 PY 2003 BP 205 EP 223 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BX99T UT WOS:000187165500012 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Liu, CT AF Kwon, YW Liu, CT TI Microstructural effects on damage behaviour in particle reinforced composites SO POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; FAILURE; GROWTH AB This paper discusses the effects of non-uniform, random particle distribution on damage initiation and growth, leading to short cracks and breakage of particle reinforced composite specimens. A multi-scale technique was employed to model and simulate damage. Damage was described at the constituent material level (i.e. micro-level) and the results were compared qualitatively and quantitatively with experimental observation. Both results agreed well. Non-uniform, random particle distribution yielded sporadic crack initiation and growth within a uniform tensile specimen. No local crack propagated beyond a certain size. Breakage of the specimens was not caused by the continuous growth of a single critical crack. Instead, coalescence of neighbouring sporadic short cracks resulted in breakage of the specimens. Computer simulation indicated that random particle distribution affected the strength of the composite significantly, but as expected, not its effective stiffness. However, if there was a pre-existing crack in the specimen before loading, the effect of the random particle distribution on the initial crack and the strength of the composite was almost negligible. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. USAF, Res Lab, OL AC, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Kwon, YW (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPRA TECHNOLOGY LTD PI SHREWSBURY PA SHAWBURY, SHREWSBURY SY4 4NR, SHROPS, ENGLAND SN 0967-3911 J9 POLYM POLYM COMPOS JI Polym. Polym. Compos. PY 2003 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 639RL UT WOS:000180643000001 ER PT J AU Hosur, MV Alexander, J Vaidya, UK Jeelani, S Mayer, A AF Hosur, MV Alexander, J Vaidya, UK Jeelani, S Mayer, A TI High strain rate compression characterization of affordable woven carbon/epoxy composites under off-axis loading SO POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; BEHAVIOR AB This paper discusses an experimental study on the response of affordable plain weave carbon/epoxy composite laminates to high strain rate compression loading using a modified Compression Split Hopkinson's Pressure Bar (SHPB) under off-axis loading. 37 layer laminates were manufactured using aerospace grade woven fabrics with a SC-15 epoxy resin system, utilizing a Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Molding (VARIM) approach. Samples were subjected to high strain rate compression loading at strain rates ranging from 1187/s to 2289/s in the plane of the laminates, using a modified SHPB that facilitates controlled single pulse loading of the sample. Samples were tested along 0degrees,15degrees, 30degrees, and 45degrees off-axes angles. Quasi-static tests were carried out to compare them with the dynamic response. Failure modes were evaluated using optical micrographs. Results were analyzed in terms of peak stress, strain at peak stress, failure modes and orientation. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hosur, MV (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPRA TECHNOLOGY LTD PI SHREWSBURY PA SHAWBURY, SHREWSBURY SY4 4NR, SHROPS, ENGLAND SN 0967-3911 J9 POLYM POLYM COMPOS JI Polym. Polym. Compos. PY 2003 VL 11 IS 7 BP 527 EP 539 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 735HT UT WOS:000186107800002 ER PT B AU Degnan, JH Kiuttu, GF Letterio, JD Roderick, NF Ruden, EL AF Degnan, JH Kiuttu, GF Letterio, JD Roderick, NF Ruden, EL BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Simulations of imploding solid liner melting and vaporization vs liner thickness, and evidence for "melt waves" SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Air Force Research Laboratory Directed Energy Directorate (AFRL/DE) has, over the last several years, conducted experiments on the magnetic pressure driven implosion of various metal shells (solid liners). More recently, AFRL/DE has reported on experiments that successfully imploded cylindrical aluminum liners suitable for compressing field reversed configurations (FRC's) to magnetized target fusion (MTF) conditions (1). We have recently done Mach2 (2) MHD simulations of the resistive heating of such imploding liners as a function of their thickness. This was to gain insight on diffusion time effects that conceivably could lead to melt waves for thicker liners, driven with higher currents. For example, scaling the thickness of a liner for successful experiment parameters with the implosion discharge energy might be expected to preserve the timing of liner liquification (or loss of material strength). However, diffusion time effects can complicate this. Our simulations indicate such effects, sometimes referred to as melt waves, for increasing the discharge energy and liner thickness a factor of 4, with the same 10 microsecond current risetime, relative to experimentally successful implosion parameters. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Degnan, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000021 ER PT B AU Kiel, J Parker, J Mason, P Holwitt, E Stribling, L Sloan, M Morales, P Vivekananda, J Gonzalez, D Tijerina, A Alls, J AF Kiel, J Parker, J Mason, P Holwitt, E Stribling, L Sloan, M Morales, P Vivekananda, J Gonzalez, D Tijerina, A Alls, J BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Using specific binding DNA capture elements to direct pulsed power killing of biological agents SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We have demonstrated that coating bacterial spores with organic semiconductor (diazoluminomelanin) enhances killing of these spores by pulsed microwave energy in aqueous solutions. Here we present additional data showing that this can be done with dry agent in a pulsed corona plasma reactor. We also show that the reduction/oxidation reactions that mediate these effects can be generated on the immediate surface of the target spores by microwave pulses by linking the organic semiconductor specifically to the spore surface with a DNA capture element. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Kiel, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2486 Gillingham Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 236 EP 238 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277700 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000051 ER PT B AU O'Loughlin, J Loree, D AF O'Loughlin, J Loree, D BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Cooling system transient analysis using an electric circuit program analog SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB By exploiting the common mathematical similarities between electrical and thermal circuits, an electric circuit transient analysis program may be used to analyze the transient behavior of thermal circuits. This is an especially convenient approach for the analysis and optimization of the cooling performance of burst mode type electrical apparatus such as high power transmitters. The relations between electrical components and the equivalent thermal components are established such that given the thermal component characteristics, one may then write and electric circuit with the proper values and then run the model to determine the performance in electrical parameters that are then easily interpreted as thermal parameters. Similar techniques have been used for the thermal analysis of components such as semiconductor devices [1] and analog hardware [2]. In this paper the P-Spice(TM) program is used as an example; however, the same procedures may be implemented using any electric circuit analysis program. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP O'Loughlin, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 767 EP 770 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1277924 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000171 ER PT B AU Hendricks, KJ Watrous, J Humphries, S Heggemeier, J Baca, J Haworth, M Shiffler, D Spencer, T Cartwright, K Mardahl, P Scharle, C LaCour, M Golby, K AF Hendricks, KJ Watrous, J Humphries, S Heggemeier, J Baca, J Haworth, M Shiffler, D Spencer, T Cartwright, K Mardahl, P Scharle, C LaCour, M Golby, K BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Generation, propagation and diagnostics of a long pulse annular electron beam for an HPM source SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB We are in the process of re-assembling the Injection-Locked Relativistic Klystron Oscillator to increase the duration of the high power microwave pulse. This RPM source is designed to use a 500 kV, 10 kA annular electron beam and generate similar to1.5 GW microwave pulse. Previously we published that the microwave pulse length was experimentally observed to be limited to a finite change in the beam current. These initial experiments focus on controlling the total variation of the emitted beam current. That is, our goal is to have the vacuum diode behave as a resistive load at the desired voltage. We will be presenting results of experiments on the materials used to fabricate the cathode and its emission surface, results from X-ray and optical diagnostics of the unmodulated electron beam position and thickness, and finally results from X-ray and optical diagnostics of the modulated electron beam position and thickness. These results will be compared with different time dependent and steady state computational tools. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Hendricks, KJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Microwave Div, 3350 Aberdeen Ave,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 1147 EP 1149 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1278014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000261 ER PT B AU Ruden, EL Kiuttu, GF Frese, MH Frese, SD AF Ruden, EL Kiuttu, GF Frese, MH Frese, SD BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Dynamic deformation of a solenoid wire due to internal magnetic pressure, revised SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID DISPERSION-STRENGTHENED COPPER; MODEL AB Deformation of the wire used in the windings of an inertially confined (single use) solenoid used to produce a pulsed high magnetic field is potentially the limiting factor for the magnitude and duration of the magnetic field produced. The rising magnetic pressure at the wire surface can become large enough to cause the cross section of the wire to plastically deform on a time scale shorter than the overall solenoid disassembly time. This may result in short circuiting due to insulator breakage and/or physical contact of adjacent windings. An analytic approximation modeling the deformation dynamics is presented which takes into account both inertial and material yield strength effects. The model is validated by comparison to two dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the process by Numerex's MS Windows version of AFRL's MACH2. Cases ranging from those where yield strength has a negligible effect on the deformation to where yield strength is significant are considered. This paper expands on work presented at the previous IEEE IPPC[l]. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DEHP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, DEHP, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 1197 EP 1200 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1278027 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000274 ER PT B AU Schweickart, DL Horwath, JC Walko, LC Altay, O Sebo, SA Caldecott, R AF Schweickart, DL Horwath, JC Walko, LC Altay, O Sebo, SA Caldecott, R BE Giesselmann, M Neuber, A TI Instrumentation and procedures for transient magnetic flux density measurements on an aircraft fuselage-like test setup SO PPC-2003: 14TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The susceptibility of airborne vehicles to electromagnetic (EM) transients has been studied for many years. In the case of a surge current, it flows along the surface of the conducting fuselage and disperses around the circumference. A portion of the surge current also penetrates through the fuselage of the aircraft (by diffusion) resulting in transient EM fields inside the fuselage that can result in EM interference with on-board electronics. In a high current laboratory, an aluminum test cylinder, representative in size and construction of an aircraft fuselage, was subjected to high surge currents, up to 15 kA. The paper discusses measurement system development issues, and the use of fiber optic systems for transient data acquisition. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schweickart, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7915-2 PY 2003 BP 1274 EP 1277 DI 10.1109/PPC.2003.1278046 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BY88S UT WOS:000189487000293 ER PT S AU Pachter, M AF Pachter, M GP AAC AAC TI INS aiding by tracking an unknown ground object - theory SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual American Control Conference (ACC 2003) CY JUN 04, 2003-JUN 06, 2006 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7896-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2003 BP 1260 EP 1265 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BX87J UT WOS:000186706200215 ER PT S AU Schumacher, C Chandler, PR Rasmussen, SJ Walker, D AF Schumacher, C Chandler, PR Rasmussen, SJ Walker, D GP AAC AAC TI Task allocation for wide area search munitions with variable path length SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual American Control Conference (ACC 2003) CY JUN 04, 2003-JUN 06, 2006 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB This paper addresses the problem of task allocation for wide area search munitions. The munitions are required to search for, classify, attack, and verify the destruction of potential targets. It is assumed that target field information is communicated between all elements of the swarm. A network flow optimization model is used to develop a linear program for optimal resource allocation. This method can be used to generate a "tour" of several assignments to be performed consecutively, by running the assignment iteratively and only updating the assigned task with the shortest estimated time-of-arrival (ETA) in each iteration. Periodically re-solving the overall optimization problem as new targets are discovered results in coordinated action by the search munitions. Variable path lengths are used to improve overall performance and guarantee computation of feasible paths. Simulation results are presented for a swarm of eight vehicles searching an area containing multiple potential targets. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Div, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schumacher, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Div, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7896-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2003 BP 3472 EP 3477 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BX87J UT WOS:000186706200591 ER PT S AU Lacy, SL Bernstein, DS AF Lacy, SL Bernstein, DS GP AAC AAC TI Identification of systems with limit cycles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual American Control Conference (ACC 2003) CY JUN 04, 2003-JUN 06, 2006 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC ID UNKNOWN MASS IMBALANCE; ROTOR; STABILIZATION; OSCILLATIONS AB Limit cycle oscillations occur in a wide range of electrical, mechanical, and aerospace applications. In this paper we present a method for constructing system models that are able to reproduce a periodic signal as a limiting trajectory. Our approach is based on continuous-time modeling of a scalar nth-order system whose dynamics are represented as a map of integrals and derivatives of-the available signal. The method is demonstrated on the classical Van der Pol oscillator and a nonlinear oscillator with piecewise linear damping. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lacy, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-7896-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2003 BP 3863 EP 3868 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BX87J UT WOS:000186706200658 ER PT B AU Grieco, JJ Pomales, EO AF Grieco, JJ Pomales, EO GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Short segment automatic language identification using a multifeature-transistion matrix approach SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL III: GENERAL & NONLINEAR CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 25-28, 2003 CL BANGKOK, THAILAND SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Mahanakorn Univ Technol AB This paper focuses on a new technique for automatic language identification (ALID). The primary goal of this endeavor is to develop a technique, which requires a minimal amount of training data and can operate on very short segments of speech which also has the flexibility to add new languages in an easy fashion. A secondary goal of this effort is to create an algorithm requiring low computation. A new approach for language identification, based on multi-feature (MF), multi-classifier (MC) transition matrices is presented. This approach not only models the static acoustic components of a language, but also the dynamics of sub-sound to sub-sound transitions within a language. The Transition Matrix concept not only is performance competitive with other techniques found in the literature, but also is particularly suited for the short segment problem. Closed set experiments on the 3 second segments of the 1996 NIST Language Identification Evaluation database show the MF/MC Transition Matrix technique performance to be promising. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Grieco, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7761-3 PY 2003 BP 730 EP 733 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BX26P UT WOS:000184781800184 ER PT S AU Davis, ME Himed, B Zasada, D AF Davis, ME Himed, B Zasada, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Design of large space based radar for multimode surveillance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co AB Space based radars have been under consideration for several years 111, and have only been made commercially available for Synthetic Aperture Radar modes. This is due to the limited availability of space based microwave technologies and the high cost of manufacturing large space systems. Several recent technology programs have promised significant advances in affordable phased array radar design. However, the design of true multimode radars will require aperture sizes and average power significantly larger than previously considered. This paper will outline a design approach that anticipates future development of ultra lightweight antenna manufacturing techniques. Based on a notional design, the performance predictions and challenges to radar signal processing will be presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Davis, ME (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7920-9 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2003 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1109/NRC.2003.1203370 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW77T UT WOS:000183138600001 ER PT S AU Hale, T Temple, M Wicks, M AF Hale, T Temple, M Wicks, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Target detection in heterogeneous airborne radar interference using 3D STAP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co ID NONHOMOGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS AB Heterogeneous interference is commonplace in the airborne radar problem. Space-Time Adaptive Processing fundamentals have struggled in the presence of such data. Originally, the solution involved simply increasing secondary data support, essentially "drowning" out heterogeneous interference effects. Research then progressed into identifying specific range cells containing heterogeneous interference and excising these cells from interference estimates. Yet, the target detection problem within heterogeneous interference remained. Therefore, research efforts abandoned statistical techniques and shifted towards deterministic methods with some success. Finally, the advent of a two-dimensional hybrid approach combined the diverse statistical and deterministic techniques into a single framework. This research effort continues in this vein by expanding the method into three-dimensions: azimuth, doppler, and elevation. A 23 dB improvement over the three-dimensional Joint Domain Localized method (3D-JDL) is shown for a specific heterogeneous interference case. C1 USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hale, T (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7920-9 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2003 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1109/NRC.2003.1203410 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW77T UT WOS:000183138600042 ER PT S AU Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC Gerlach, KR AF Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC Gerlach, KR GP IEEE IEEE TI Robust adaptive signal processing methods for heterogeneous radar clutter scenarios SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co ID COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; SUBSPACE DETECTORS; APPROXIMATION; MATRIX AB This paper addresses the problem of radar target detection in severely heterogeneous clutter environments. Specifically we present the performance of the normalized matched filter (NUT) test in a background of disturbance consisting of clutter having a covariance matrix with known structure and unknown scaling plus background white Gaussian noise. It is shown that when the clutter covariance matrix is low rank, the NMF test retains invariance with respect to the unknown scaling as well as the background noise level and is approximately CFAR. Performance of the test depends only upon the number of elements, number of pulses processed in a coherent processing interval and the rank of the clutter covariance matrix. Analytical expressions for calculating the false alarm and detection probabilities are presented. Performance of the method is shown to degrade with increasing clutter rank especially for low false alarm rates. An adaptive version of the test is developed and its performance is studied with simulated data. A technique known as self censoring reiterative fast maximum likelihood/adaptive power residue (SCRFML/APR) is presented to overcome the problem of outliers in training data for heterogeneous clutter scenarios. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Rangaswamy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7920-9 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2003 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1109/NRC.2003.1203412 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW77T UT WOS:000183138600044 ER PT S AU Michels, JH Roman, JR Himed, B AF Michels, JH Roman, JR Himed, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Beam control using the parametric adaptive matched filter STAP approach SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co AB This paper evaluates the performance of a vector autoregressive space-time adaptive processing method, the parametric adaptive matched filter (PAMF), in the presence of airborne radar clutter and white noise interference. Performance metrics are derived from a PAMF weight vector representation and include the detection test statistic, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, and the adapted angle-Doppler beam pattern. Results are shown for the latter metric in the presence of mainbeam and closely spaced sidelobe interference. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Michels, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM James.Michels@rl.af.mil; jrromanssc@aol.com; braham.himed@rl.af.mil NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7920-9 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2003 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.1109/NRC.2003.1203433 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW77T UT WOS:000183138600065 ER PT S AU Carlo, JT Sarkar, TK Wicks, MC AF Carlo, JT Sarkar, TK Wicks, MC GP IEEE IEEE TI A least squares multiple constraint direct data domain approach for STAP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co ID ADAPTIVE ANTENNAS; SIGNAL AB Traditionally, statistical space-time adaptive processing (STAP) approaches have been implemented to detect targets using an airborne radar system. These approaches typically assume a wide sense stationary environment and utilize auxiliary training data to estimate the statistics of the interference. Unfortunately the airborne radar environment can be highly non-stationary and may contain coherent interferers, which could drastically impact statistical STAP performance. Various approaches have been investigated to address this problem. One approach is the direct data domain least squares (D3LS) approach. This deterministic least squares adaptive signal processing technique operates on a "snapshot-by-snapshot" basis to determine the adaptive weights for nulling interferers and estimating signals of interest (SOI). Due to the reduced training data set (one range ring only the range ring under test) and because of the particular least squares techniques employed, this approach can readily be implemented in real time in field deployable sensor signal processing systems. This paper presents an improvement to the existing D3LS approaches for radar processing. By implementing multiple space-time constraints system gain is maintained on the signal of interest when the signal arrives slightly off-set in angle, Doppler, or both. To illustrate this concepts an airborne radar simulation is used to generate radar data, and the D3LS processing results are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Carlo, JT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13440 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 0-7803-7920-9 J9 RADAR CONF PY 2003 BP 431 EP 438 DI 10.1109/NRC.2003.1203437 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BW77T UT WOS:000183138600069 ER PT B AU Secrest, BR Lamont, GB AF Secrest, BR Lamont, GB GP IEEE IEEE TI Visualizing particle swarm optimization - Gaussian particle swarm optimization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE SWARM INTELLIGENCE SYMPOSIUM (SIS 03) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium CY APR 24-26, 2003 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP IEEE Neural Networks Soc DE particle swarm optimization; evolutionary computation AB Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) conjures an image of particles searching for the optima the way bees buzz around flowers. One approach at visualizing the swarm graphs where all the particles are each generation, thus demonstrating the random nature associated with swarms of insects. Another approach is to show successive bests, thus showing the way that the swarm progresses. Some have even looked at the specific search path of the particle that eventually finds the optima. These approaches provide limited understanding of PSO. This paper presents a new visualization approach based on the probability distribution of the swarm, thus the random nature of PSO is properly visualized. The visualization allows better understanding of how to tune the algorithm and depicts weaknesses. A new algorithm based on moving the swarm a Gaussian distance from the global and local best is presented. Gaussian Particle Swarm Optimization (GPSO) is compared to PSO. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM barry.secrest@wpafb.af.mil; gary.lamont@afit.af.mil RI LU, shuying/F-8856-2011 NR 7 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7914-4 PY 2003 BP 198 EP 204 DI 10.1109/SIS.2003.1202268 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BW74U UT WOS:000183013200030 ER PT B AU Champagne, L Carl, RG Hill, R AF Champagne, L Carl, RG Hill, R BE Chick, SE Sanchez, PJ Ferrin, D Morrice, DJ TI Search theory, agent-based simulation, and U-boats in the Bay of Biscay SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB To date, most search theory study has focused either on analytical models of specific situations requiring rigid assumptions, or, as in the case of search and rescue, operational experiments aimed at obtaining detection probabilities for a variety of scenarios. Analytical search theory results provide bounds on empirical results. This research introduces an agent-based simulation approach to the subject of offensive search operations in combat. Generally, the value of a combat simulation is measured in terms of insights gained through experimentation. Agent-based simulation enables insights with regards to the emergent behavior of the individual combatants, groups of combatants, or the system as a whole. Emergent behavior for the purposes of this research is system behavior, not explicitly programmed, arising from local interactions between agents. Such behavior with respect to search effectiveness is investigated within the context of a historical case study involving offensive search. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Champagne, L (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8131-9 PY 2003 BP 991 EP 998 DI 10.1109/WSC.2003.1261521 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BY24E UT WOS:000188415500121 ER PT B AU Champagne, LE AF Champagne, LE BE Chick, SE Sanchez, PJ Ferrin, D Morrice, DJ TI Bay of Biscay: Extensions into modern military issues SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Multi-agent simulations are finding application in an increasing number of areas over a wide spectrum of disciplines. In recent years, the application of multi-agent systems to problems in the military has received a proportional amount of interest. However, the military analysis community is in its infancy with respect to multi-agent simulations, and the efforts thus far have involved relatively simple scenarios. As a result, these efforts have not been able to bring multi-agent simulations into the mainstream of the analysis community. In this paper a mission-level agent-based simulation of the U-Boat war in the Bay of Biscay between German U-Boats and Allied aircraft is presented. The results from two 6-month intervals of the operations are presented and compared to historical outcomes. The scenario is subsequently generalized to provide a basis for extension into modem military situations of significant interest. Additionally, several relevant examples are presented. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Champagne, LE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8131-9 PY 2003 BP 1004 EP 1012 DI 10.1109/WSC.2003.1261523 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BY24E UT WOS:000188415500123 ER PT B AU Faas, PD Miller, JO AF Faas, PD Miller, JO BE Chick, SE Sanchez, PJ Ferrin, D Morrice, DJ TI Impact of an Autonomic Logistics System (ALS) on the sortie generation process SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE SMC, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB The current Air Force aircraft logistics system is reactive in nature, meaning that once a fault is detected, maintenance personnel must perform fault isolation procedures and then take steps to repair or replace the faulty item. The Autonomic Logistics System (ALS) concept changes this reactive process into a proactive one. This new approach to the logistics process shows the potential for cost savings, increased aircraft availability, and better system performance. With an ALS, certain logistics tasks can be handled autonomously such as ordering parts for a broken system, calling the right maintenance specialist to the right aircraft, or notifying the maintenance control center that a certain aircraft has a malfunctioning system and will not be available for the next sortie. This study employs an Arena 5.0 discrete-event simulation model to explore the effect of an ALS on the sortie generation process for a fighter squadron during day-to-day operations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Logist Readiness Branch, Deployment & Sustainment Div,Human Effectiveness, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Faas, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Logist Readiness Branch, Deployment & Sustainment Div,Human Effectiveness, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8131-9 PY 2003 BP 1021 EP 1025 DI 10.1109/WSC.2003.1261525 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BY24E UT WOS:000188415500125 ER PT B AU Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC AF Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC GP IEEE Computer Society TI Normalized adaptive matched filter-a low rank approach SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology CY DEC 14-17, 2003 CL Darmstadt, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Comp Soc ID MATRIX; APPROXIMATION AB This paper presents the performance of the normalized matched filter (NMF) test in a background of disturbance consisting of clutter having a covariance matrix with known structure and unknown scaling plus background white Gaussian noise. It is shown that when the clutter covariance matrix is low rank, the NMF test retains invariance with respect to the unknown scaling as well as the background noise level and is approximately CFAR. Analytical expressions for calculating the false alarm and detection probabilities are presented. Performance of the method is shown to degrade with increasing clutter rank especially for low false alarm rates. An adaptive version of the test is developed and its performance is studied with simulated data from the KASSPER program. Issues of sample support for subspace estimation, constant false alarm rate (CFAR) and detection performance are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Rangaswamy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8292-7 PY 2003 BP 182 EP 185 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAU77 UT WOS:000223641300046 ER PT B AU Ewing, RL Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Liou, L Moncrief, JB AF Ewing, RL Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Liou, L Moncrief, JB BE Hamdy, N TI Exploring the BioComputing frontier SO Proceedings of the 46th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits & Systems, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY DEC 27-30, 2003 CL Cairo, EGYPT SP Arab Acad Sci & Technol, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc ID BACTERIORHODOPSIN AB Stop thinking that the universe is best described by boolean order operations, consider the world of biocomputing. The idea in exploring the multidimensional characteristics of biocomputing systems involves multilevel protein logic interaction with hybrid digital systems (bio/digital/analog systems). In the protein biocomputing world, all models are multilevel and nonlinear exponential in nature. These biocomputing systems are linearized by boundary limited frequency, time response and dimensional ranges. The protein model and its correct development is probably the most difficult aspect for biocomputing issues. Previous protein models were not dealing with 2 and 3 dimensional models, while the current protein models are now faced with high frequency design, due to the emergence of bio-nanodevices. These future biocomputing devices will be chemical sensors, fluidic computer systems, optical switches, nanoactuators, self-repairing polymorphic computing systems, cognitive processors and biorobotics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ewing, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8294-3 PY 2003 BP 428 EP 431 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BDQ83 UT WOS:000234964300107 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, RI Tomczak, SJ Minton, TK Brunsvold, AL Hoflund, GB AF Gonzalez, RI Tomczak, SJ Minton, TK Brunsvold, AL Hoflund, GB BE Fletcher, K TI Synthesis and atomic oxygen erosion testing of space-survivable POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) polyimides SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MATERIALS IN A SPACE ENVIRONMENT SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS ID COPOLYMER AB This paper presents several characterization studies of the surfaces of newly synthesized POSS-containing polyimides before and after exposure to atomic oxygen (AO). AO exposure testing was conducted independently at the University of Florida and Montana State University revealing comparable data. The exposed surfaces were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic oxygen erosion rates were calculated using stylus surface profilometry. The data indicate that AO induced erosion of polyimides containing POSS is drastically reduced as a result of a passivating silica layer is formed on the surface of the polymer. C1 USAF, Mat Applicat Branch, Res Lab, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Gonzalez, RI (reprint author), USAF, Mat Applicat Branch, Res Lab, PRSM, 10 E Saturn Blvd,Bldg 8451, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Brunsvold, Amy/H-4315-2016 OI Brunsvold, Amy/0000-0001-9257-2978 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-850-6 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2003 VL 540 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX81C UT WOS:000186500800013 ER PT S AU Kraemer, KE Sloan, GC Price, SD AF Kraemer, KE Sloan, GC Price, SD BE Metcalfe, L Salama, A Peschke, SB Kessler, MF TI ISO-SWS calibration issues in different object types SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON THE CALIBRATION LEGACY OF THE ISO MISSION SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Calibration Legacy of the ISO Mission CY FEB 05-09, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN DE ISO; SWS AB The Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) on the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) observed a wide range of astronomical objects, from star-forming regions to main-sequence stars to planetary nebulae and supernova remnants. These objects have fundamentally different spectral shapes in the mid-infrared. Because of this, different problems in the calibration process will affect different object types to varying degrees. The brightness of a source and the speed at which it was observed also influence which calibration issues dominate and which are relatively unimportant. For example, bright stellar sources are affected by memory effects in Band 2, but weak stellar sources are generally well-behaved. Intrinsically red sources, on the other hand, such as planetary nebulae or star forming regions, can be influenced by memory effects in Band 4 as well as Band 2. Corrections for the "glitches" present in all sources can corrupt important information in those cases with fine-structure lines present. Extended sources are more susceptible to pointing issues than point sources. We will discuss these and other issues related to the type of object observed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC 20330 USA. OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-765-8 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2003 VL 481 BP 383 EP 385 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX94S UT WOS:000186908900073 ER PT J AU Vetter, TK Wells, SR Hess, RA AF Vetter, TK Wells, SR Hess, RA TI Designing for damage - robust flight control design using sliding mode techniques SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE sliding mode control; robust flight control; reconfigurable control ID AIRCRAFT; SYSTEMS AB A brief review of sliding mode control is undertaken, with particular emphasis upon the effects of neglected parasitic dynamics. Sliding mode control as implemented with boundary layers Is then interpreted in the frequency domain. The inclusion of asymptotic observers and reference model 'hedging' is shown to reduce the effects of neglected parasitic dynamics. Application of the resulting observer/hedging-based sliding mode technique to the design of a robust longitudinal control system for a highly unstable aircraft is described. The sliding mode controller is shown to exhibit stability and performance robustness superior to that of a classical loop-shaped design when significant changes in Vehicle and actuator dynamics are employed to model airframe damage. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Aeronaut & Mech Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Hess, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Aeronaut & Mech Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PY 2003 VL 217 IS G5 BP 245 EP 261 DI 10.1243/095441003770887359 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 758TU UT WOS:000187666900003 ER PT S AU Laine, TI Bauer, KW AF Laine, TI Bauer, KW GP IEEE IEEE TI Feature selection assessment and comparison using two saliency measures in an Elman recurrent neural network SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS 2003, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUL 20-24, 2003 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Neural Networks Soc ID CLASSIFICATION AB This paper provides a summary of a feasibility study conducted to assess and compare a weight based and a network output sensitivity based saliency measure for use with an Elman recurrent neural network (RNN). An experiment was designed to assign temporal data with significant noise, autocorrelation and crosscorrelation into one of two classes. To improve classification accuracy, feature saliency screening was performed to select a subset of the eight candidate input features using a weight based signal-to-noise ratio and an output sensitivity based measure. With consistent selection and ranking of features observed between the two saliency measures, both indicated a parsimonious subset of three of the original eight input features should be retained. Using CPU time as a surrogate measure of operations required, the computational efficiency was also found equivalent, with an observed difference of less than 2.5% between methods. Numerical results show a parsimonious subset of features improved generalization by significantly reducing the classification accuracy variance for multiple data sets and trained RNNs across time periods. An increase in classification accuracy for the last time period was even obtained for an independent validation set using the reduced feature set. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Laine, TI (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7576 BN 0-7803-7898-9 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2003 BP 2807 EP 2812 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BX30P UT WOS:000184903300510 ER PT S AU Kraemer, KE Price, SD Sloan, GC Walker, HJ Shipman, RF AF Kraemer, KE Price, SD Sloan, GC Walker, HJ Shipman, RF BE Gry, C Peschke, SB Matagne, J GarciaLario, P Lorente, R Salama, A TI An atlas of full-grating short wavelength spectrometer spectra: Classification and processing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON EXPLOITING THE ISO DATA ARCHIVE: INFRARED ASTRONOMY IN THE INTERNET AGE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Exploiting the ISO Data Archive - Infrared Astronomy in the Internet Age CY JUN 24-27, 2002 CL SIGUENZA, SPAIN SP ISO Data Ctr, Diputac Guadalajara, Castilla Mancha, TeleComclm, CCM, Opticon, Minist Ciencia & Technol, CSIC, Paradores DE ISO; SWS AB The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) took almost 1250 2.4-45.2 mum spectra of over 900 celestial objects with the Short Wavelength Spectrometer in full-grating mode. Based on these data, we have developed a comprehensive system of infrared spectral classification. The primary discriminant between the classes is the temperature of the dominant emitter, e.g. a hot stellar photosphere or a cold dust cloud. Subgroups are made up of objects with similar spectral features, such as silicate absorption or atomic fine-structure lines. We have also created an atlas of uniformly processed spectra from these data. Starting from the most processed form available from the ISO Data Archive, which consists of 288 spectral segments per observation, we have reduced and combined these data into single continuous spectra. The classifications, atlas, and processing software have been submitted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement and will also be available to the general astronomical community upon request. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-965-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2003 VL 511 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BX38M UT WOS:000185094400012 ER PT S AU Haugan, TJ Fowler, ME Tolliver, JC Barnes, PN Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP AF Haugan, TJ Fowler, ME Tolliver, JC Barnes, PN Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP BE Goyal, A WongNg, W Murakami, M Driscoll, J TI Flux pinning and properties of solid-solution (Y,Nd)(1+x)Ba2-xCu3O7-delta superconductors SO PROCESSING OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Processing of High Temperature Superconductors held at the 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; SUBSTITUTION; CRYSTALS; SITES AB The effect of chemical composition variations on the flux pinning and physical properties of (Y,Nd)(1+x)Ba2-xCu3O7-delta superconductors was studied in powders processed by solid-state reaction and equilibrated in air at 910 degreesC. An extended region of single-phase crystal structures was determined for compounds with Ba = 2.0 to 1.7 and Nd = 0 to 1.3. At 77 K, the composition (Y0.6Nd0.4)Ba2Cu3O7-delta had the highest J, and flux pinning properties above 2 T, and showed over a magnitude of improvement for applied fields > 3 T compared to YBa2Cu3O7-delta. At 65 K, the YBa2Cu3O7-delta composition had the highest J(c)(H) properties. With decreasing Ba content (< 2.0), the T-c and J(c) were reduced for the processing conditions tested. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2645 5th St Ste 13, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-155-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2003 VL 140 BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BX25E UT WOS:000184739400027 ER PT S AU Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F Mahalingam, K Houston, S Wei, Y Gin, A Razeghi, M AF Brown, GJ Szmulowicz, F Mahalingam, K Houston, S Wei, Y Gin, A Razeghi, M BE Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Recent advances in InAs/GaSb superlattices for very long wavelength infrared detection SO QUANTUM SENSING: EVOLUTION AND REVOLUTION FROM PAST TO FUTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing - Evolution and Revolution from Past to Future CY JAN 27-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE infrared; detector; superlattice; photodiodes ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; MU-M; PHOTODIODES; PERFORMANCE; RANGE AB New infrared (IR) detector materials with highs sensitivity, multi-spectral capability, improved uniformity and, lower manufacturing costs are required for numerous long and very long wavelength infrared imaging applications. One materials system has shown great theoretical and, more recently, experimental promise for these applications: InAs/InxGa1-xSb type-II superlattices. In the past few years, excellent results have been obtained on photoconductive and photodiode samples designed for infrared detection beyond 15 microns. The infrared properties of various compositions and designs of these type-II superlattices have been studied. The infrared photoresponse spectra are combined with quantum, mechanical modeling of predicted absorption spectra to provide insight into the underlying physics behind the quantum sensing in 7 these materials. Results for superlattice photodiodes with cut-off wavelengths as long as 25 microns will be presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009; Gin, Aaron/E-3647-2010 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4799-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4999 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1117/12.483916 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX22U UT WOS:000184696000045 ER PT S AU Josyula, E Bailey, WF AF Josyula, E Bailey, WF BE Ketsdever, AD Muntz, EP TI Vibrational population depletion in thermal dissociation for nonequilibrium energy distribution SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 20-25, 2002 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP USAF, Univ SO Calif, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID BLUNT-BODY; MODEL; FLOW; PAST AB The generalized depletion equations, considering state-to-state kinetics of dissociating Nitrogen, are solved to predict the extent of vibrational depletion in the temperature range of 3000-10000 K. For the case of dissociation from the last vibrational quantum level, depletion of vibrational population is high. Vibration-translation (V-T) energy transfers make a major contribution to depletion whereas the effect of vibration-vibration (V-V) exchanges is minor. The dissociation rates predicted using the vibration-dissociation coupling model are significantly lower than the Park's rates and helps explain the restricted success of the Park's dissociation model in certain temperature ranges of hypersonic flow past a blunt body. Underprediction of shock-standoff distance of 17% by Park dissociation model for a Mach 11.18 flow past a blunt body is predicted well by the present model. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0124-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 663 BP 272 EP 279 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BW84R UT WOS:000183372100035 ER PT S AU Ketsdever, AD AF Ketsdever, AD BE Ketsdever, AD Muntz, EP TI Thrust measurements of an underexpanded orifice in the transitional regime SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 20-25, 2002 CL WHISTLER, CANADA SP USAF, Univ SO Calif, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID SYSTEMS AB The popularity of micropropulsion system development has led to renewed interest in the determination of propulsive properties of orifice flows since micronozzle expansions may suffer high viscous losses at low pressure operation. The mass flow and relative thrust for an under expanded orifice is measured as a function of orifice stagnation pressure from 0.1 to 3.5 Torr. Nitrogen, argon, and helium propellant gases are passed through a 1.0 mm diameter orifice with a wall thickness of 0.015 mm. Near-free molecule, transitional and continuum flow regimes are studied. The relative thrust is determined by a novel thrust stand designed primarily for low operating pressure, micropropulsion systems. It is shown that the thrust indications obtained from the stand are a function of the facility background pressure, and corrections are made to determine the indicated thrust for a zero background pressure with nitrogen as propellant. Highly repeatable (within 1 %) indicated thrust measurements are obtained in the thrust range from 5 to 500 muN. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Ketsdever, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0124-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 663 BP 1057 EP 1064 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BW84R UT WOS:000183372100131 ER PT S AU Sharma, RD Dothe, H Duff, JW AF Sharma, RD Dothe, H Duff, JW BE Schafer, KP LadoBordowsky, O Comeron, A Picard, RH TI Mechanisms leading to NLTE IR emission in the terrestrial thermosphere and their impact on remote sensing of atmospheric parameters SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere VII CY SEP 24-27, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE NO; infrared emission; remote sensing ID EARTH LIMB EMISSION; RADIANCE; NO AB Assuming large signal-to-noise ratio and using the rotationally resolved fundamental vibration-rotation band emission from NO near 5.3 mum we propose a scheme for remotely sensing temperature above the altitudes where the 15 mum emission from CO2 becomes very weak. We also find that the rotationally resolved 5.3 mum emission can be used to remotely sense N(S-4) atom, O-2, and O densities in the terrestrial thermosphere - this being the only method for remotely sensing the first two species. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate VSSS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sharma, RD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate VSSS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4664-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4882 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.463362 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BW64U UT WOS:000182689200014 ER PT S AU Picard, RH Dewan, EM Brown, JH O'Neil, RR Winick, JR Blumberg, WAM Wintersteiner, PP AF Picard, RH Dewan, EM Brown, JH O'Neil, RR Winick, JR Blumberg, WAM Wintersteiner, PP BE Schafer, KP LadoBordowsky, O Comeron, A Picard, RH TI Structure of radiance from an atmosphere perturbed by superposed gravity waves SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere VII CY SEP 24-27, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE radiative transfer; atmospheric structure; gravity waves; power spectra; infrared ID MIDCOURSE SPACE EXPERIMENT; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; UNIVERSAL SPECTRUM; MSX SATELLITE; AIRGLOW; MODEL; THUNDERSTORM; FLUCTUATIONS; DISSIPATION; INSTRUMENTS AB Analysis of 4.3-mum CO2 radiance data from the MSX (Midcourse Space Experiment) satellite has shown that gravity waves dominate the fluctuations of radiance at 4.3 mum for both earthlimb (above-the-horizon) and downlooking (below-the-horizon) lines-of-sight under a broad class of conditions. We review previous work on the spectra of known sources of gravity waves and on wave filtering mechanisms by M. J. Alexander and others, as well as the characteristics of gravity-wave power spectra. We then consider the power spectra of line-of-sight radiance fluctuations emitted and self-absorbed by an atimosphere perturbed by gravity waves, discussing the shape of the spectrum and the spectral slopes. We show examples of radiance spectra from gravity-wave-perturbed atmospheres that have two different slopes, with a steeper slope at large wavenumber, and discuss mechanisms that can account for this effect. The effect of latitude and season on the 4.3-mum fluctuations will also be considered. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Dir, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Picard, RH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Dir, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4664-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4882 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.463361 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BW64U UT WOS:000182689200017 ER PT B AU Albanese, R Medina, R Penn, J AF Albanese, R Medina, R Penn, J BE Smith, RC Demetriou, MA TI Mathematics and electromagnetic theory SO RESEARCH DIRECTIONS IN DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER SYSTEMS SE FRONTIERS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future Directions in Distributed Parameter Systems CY OCT, 2000 CL N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, RALEIGH, NC HO N CAROLINA STATE UNIV AB This chapter examines certain aspects of modern electromagnetic theory. The chapter addresses electromagnetic theory from the point of view of physics, biology and engineering applications. Details of electromagnetic energy absorption within a material are presented. Electromagnetic energy is stored within a medium as kinetic and potential energy and is dissipated as thermal energy. Biomedical effects can be related to either energy dissipation or thermalization, or to stored energy. Thermalization can result in increases in rates of protein denaturation. It is shown that the creation of a thermal field using electromagnetic energy can result in chemical fluxes within a medium. Energy storage within molecules can become localized to certain molecular sub-components and this could pose a hazard. Active engineering applications of electromagnetic theory include imaging and energy localization within media for therapy or other manipulative purposes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Biomech & Computat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Albanese, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Biomech & Computat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 0-89871-548-2 J9 FRONT APP M PY 2003 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1137/1.9780898717525.ch1 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BY36D UT WOS:000189045800001 ER PT B AU Ko, RT Blodgett, MP AF Ko, RT Blodgett, MP BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Application of a Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor for characterization of corrosion in a laboratory specimen SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV AB This paper describes the use of a Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor to detect thickness variation in a multi-layered specimen. A series of frequency-response and modes-of-operation tests has been carried out to characterize a GMR sensor. Both the first and second harmonics of the GMR signal for corrosion detection were collected and analyzed. The experimental data showed that phase approach seemed to have better thickness discrimination over that of the magnitude approach. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ko, RT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 844 EP 851 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500110 ER PT B AU Martin, RW Sathish, S Reibel, R Moran, TJ Blodgett, MP AF Martin, RW Sathish, S Reibel, R Moran, TJ Blodgett, MP BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Acoustic interferometer for localized rayleigh wave velocity measurements SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV ID MICROSCOPE; BEAM AB Two instrumentation systems for measurement of Rayleigh surface wave (RSW) velocity are described. The first system consists of a more conventional methodology using matched RF amplifiers and phase detector/mixer circuits. In the second system, a lock-in amplifier, operating at high frequency, replaces the matched RF amplifiers and phase detector/mixer circuit, therefore simplifying the instrumentation. Both systems have been used to measure relative Rayleigh wave velocity using a cylindrically focused acoustic transducer consisting of three elements. A high-precision relative velocity measurement of Rayleigh surface waves is performed by exciting the central element and one of the outer elements with a tone burst signal and measuring the phase difference between the two received signals. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLP, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 875 EP 882 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500114 ER PT B AU Blackshire, JL Sathish, S Na, J Frouin, J AF Blackshire, JL Sathish, S Na, J Frouin, J BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Nonlinear laser ultrasonic measurements of localized fatigue damage SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV ID ACOUSTIC HARMONIC-GENERATION; INTERFEROMETER AB A nonlinear laser ultrasonic system was developed and used to characterize the fatigue state of a fractured Ti-6Al-4V sample with high spatial-resolution and sensitivity. The measurement system is built around a scanning heterodyne interferometer, which allows detailed displacement field images to be created and visualized for propagating surface and bulk acoustic fields on a material surface. An assessment of the local fatigue damage of the material was made using nonlinear ultrasonic interaction principles, where the local amplitudes of the fundamental and second harmonic displacement fields are monitored simultaneously. This provides a means for evaluating the local acoustical nonlinearity parameter, beta, which can be related to the accumulation of fatigue damage in a material. A large increase in beta was observed between the unfatigued area (near the grip section) and the heavily fatigued area (gauge section) for a fractured dogbone specimen. The measurements show the potential for spatially-resolving the local fatigue state of a material using laser ultrasonics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 1479 EP 1488 PN A&B PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500192 ER PT B AU Martinez, SA Sathish, S Blodgett, MP Namjoshi, S Mall, S AF Martinez, SA Sathish, S Blodgett, MP Namjoshi, S Mall, S BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Residual stress relaxation due to fretting fatigue in shot peened surfaces of Ti-6Al-4V SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 22A AND 22B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, BELLINGHAM, WA HO WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV AB Fretting fatigue occurs at locations where the materials are sliding against each other under load. In order to enhance the fatigue life under fretting conditions the surface of the component is shot peened. In general, the shot peening process produces a compressive stress on the surface of the material, thereby increasing the resistance of the material to crack initiation. This paper presents the relaxation of residual stress caused during fretting fatigue. X-ray diffraction has been utilized as the method to measure residual stress in fretting fatigued samples of Ti-6Al-4V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 0-7354-0117-9 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2003 VL 20 BP 1531 EP 1538 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BW52Z UT WOS:000182317500199 ER PT J AU Antonsen, EL Burton, RL Spanjers, GG Engelman, SF AF Antonsen, EL Burton, RL Spanjers, GG Engelman, SF TI Herriott Cell augmentation of a quadrature heterodyne interferometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PULSED PLASMA THRUSTER AB A quadrature heterodyne interferometer is augmented with a Herriott Cell multipass reflector to increase instrument resolution, enable a separation of the phase shift due to neutral density from room vibrations, and optimize the diagnostic for small scale length measurements or for planar measurements. Analysis is used to illustrate retro-reflective planar measurement geometries attainable with the instrument and to show that phase front degradation and loss of scene beam intensity does not introduce a systematic measurement uncertainty. The diagnostic capability is demonstrated with measurements of the electron and neutral densities in the plasma exhaust from electric propulsion thrusters. Experimental data with up to 18 passes through plasma demonstrates that the instrument resolution to electron and neutral density increases almost linearly with number of passes, and that the Herriott Cell can be used to increase the signal of neutral density phase shifts relative to the noise of the phase shifts due to room vibrations. For the Pulsed Plasma Thruster plasma exhaust used to validate the instrument, the addition of the Herriott Cell reduces the density measurement uncertainty to equal or less than the uncertainty due to discharge irreproducibility. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Antonsen, EL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1063/1.1525873 PN 1 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 636JL UT WOS:000180451300013 ER PT J AU Drouillard, TF Linne, MA Goss, LP Gord, JR Fiechtner, GJ AF Drouillard, TF Linne, MA Goss, LP Gord, JR Fiechtner, GJ TI Lifetime measurement and calibration from pressure-sensitive paint luminescence images SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A dual-image lifetime technique for acquiring surface pressure measurements from pressure-sensitive paint image data has been developed. This technique eliminates the need to acquire a "wind-off" reference image as required by the traditional radiometric technique, which is known to corrupt results. Here a luminescence lifetime-versus-pressure calibration experiment was conducted. Uncertainty was nominally less than +/-4% and decreased as signal level increased. The nominal sensitivity was less than +/-5 Torr at 100 Torr, less than +/-50 Torr at 700 Torr, and improved with signal level. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Comercial Applicat Combust Space, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Drouillard, TF (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Comercial Applicat Combust Space, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1 BP 276 EP 278 DI 10.1063/1.1527201 PN 1 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 636JL UT WOS:000180451300043 ER PT J AU Vaipolin, AA Nikolaev, YA Rud', VY Rud', YV Terukov, EI Fernelius, N AF Vaipolin, AA Nikolaev, YA Rud', VY Rud', YV Terukov, EI Fernelius, N TI Fabrication and properties of photosensitive structures based on ZnIn2S4 single crystals SO SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article AB Photosensitive structures based on single crystals of the ZnIn2S4 ternary compound were fabricated and studied for the first time. The optoelectronic properties of this compound and corresponding structures were analyzed using the results of measurements of the optical-absorption spectra of ZnIn2S4 crystals, steady-state current-voltage characteristics, and photosensitivity of the structures at T = 300 K. It is concluded that surface-barrier structures and heterojunctions based on ZnIn2S4 can be used as wide-band photodetectors of natural optical radiation. (C) 2003 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaipolin, AA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7826 J9 SEMICONDUCTORS+ JI Semiconductors PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 178 EP 182 DI 10.1134/1.1548661 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 642XK UT WOS:000180830600013 ER PT J AU Vaipolin, AA Nikolaev, YA Polushina, IK Rud', VY Rud', YV Terukov, EI Fernelius, N AF Vaipolin, AA Nikolaev, YA Polushina, IK Rud', VY Rud', YV Terukov, EI Fernelius, N TI Photovoltaic effects in CdV2S4 single crystals and structures based on them SO SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB Single crystals of the CdV2S4 ternary compound are grown, and their crystal structure, electrical properties and optical absorption are studied. The substitution of vanadium for Group III element in A(II)B(2)(III)C(4)(VI) compounds results in the formation of crystals of n-type conduction with an electron density of similar to10(18) cm(-3) and a Hall mobility U-n approximate to 150 cm(2)/(V s) at T = 300 K, which is limited by scattering on lattice vibrations. Rectifying photosensitive structures based on CdV2S4 single crystals are fabricated for the first time, their photoelectric properties are studied, and a conclusion is made on their applicability in the design of wide-spectral-range photodetectors of unpolarized light. (C) 2003 MAIK "Nauka / Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaipolin, AA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7826 J9 SEMICONDUCTORS+ JI Semiconductors PY 2003 VL 37 IS 6 BP 641 EP 645 DI 10.1134/1.1582528 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 686YT UT WOS:000183349100006 ER PT J AU Vaipolin, AA Nikolaev, YA Polushina, IK Rud', VY Rud', YV Terukov, EI Fernelius, N AF Vaipolin, AA Nikolaev, YA Polushina, IK Rud', VY Rud', YV Terukov, EI Fernelius, N TI Fabrication and properties of ZnFe2S4 single crystals and structures based on them SO SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB A new class of ternary semiconductor compounds has been proposed and synthesized. ZnFe2S4 single crystals, which belong to this class, have been grown for the first time; and their structural, electrical and optical properties have been investigated. The first photosensitive structures have been fabricated, and their photoelectric characteristics have been studied. A conclusion was made that heterostructures and surface-barrier structures based on ZnFe2S4 single crystals are promising for practical applications. (C) 2003 MAIK "Nauka / Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaipolin, AA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7826 J9 SEMICONDUCTORS+ JI Semiconductors PY 2003 VL 37 IS 6 BP 656 EP 660 DI 10.1134/1.1582531 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 686YT UT WOS:000183349100009 ER PT J AU Rud', VY Rud', YV Vaipolin, AA Bodnar', IV Fernelius, N AF Rud', VY Rud', YV Vaipolin, AA Bodnar', IV Fernelius, N TI Photosensitive structure on CdGa2S4 single crystals SO SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOPLEOCHROISM; SYSTEMS AB Single crystals of the CdGa2S4 ternary compound were grown either from melt or by chemical-vapor deposition. The crystal-lattice parameters and some physical properties of homogeneous crystals having defect chalcopyrite structure with the point symmetry group I (4) over bar (S-4(2)) are determined. A number of photosensitive structures-Schottky barriers, heterostructures, photoelectrochemical cells, and natural-protein-CdGa2S4 barriers-were formed for the first time on the basis of the single crystals under investigation. The photoelectric properties of the structures obtained were studied using natural and linearly polarized light at T = 300 K. The main parameters of these structures are determined, and it is concluded that they can be used in photodetectors. (C) 2003 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Belarussian State Univ Informat & Radioelect Engn, Minsk 220027, Byelarus. USAF, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rud', VY (reprint author), St Petersburg State Tech Univ, Politekhnicheskaya Ul 29, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-7826 J9 SEMICONDUCTORS+ JI Semiconductors PY 2003 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1283 EP 1290 DI 10.1134/1.1626209 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 738EH UT WOS:000186273400010 ER PT J AU Jones, K Cross, C AF Jones, K Cross, C TI On antiresonance in the forced response of mistuned bladed disks SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION PHENOMENA; CYCLIC SYMMETRY; VIBRATIONS; FREQUENCIES; ASSEMBLIES AB Mistuning in bladed disks usually increases the forced response of the maximum responding blade leading to shortened component life in turbine engines. This paper investigates mistuning using a transfer function approach where the frequency response functions (FRFs) are described by natural frequencies and antiresonant frequencies. Using this approach, antiresonant frequencies are shown to be a critical factor in determining the maximum blade response. Two insights are gained by formulating antiresonant frequencies as the eigenvalues of reduced system matrices: 1) Mistuning a particular blade has no effect on that blade's antiresonant frequencies. 2) Engine orders N and N/2, where N is the number of blades on the disk, tend to produce the highest maximum local response. Numerical examples are given using a spring-mass-oscillator model of a bladed disk. Pole-zero loci of mistuned bladed disks show that increased maximum blade response is often due to the damping of antiresonant frequencies. An important conclusion is that antiresonant frequencies can be arranged such that a mistuned bladed disk has a lower maximum blade response than a tuned bladed disk. C1 USAF, Propuls Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, K (reprint author), USAF, Propuls Directorate, Res Lab, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2003 VL 10 IS 2 BP 135 EP 146 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 690LR UT WOS:000183551100006 ER PT J AU Van, T Wood, A AF Van, T Wood, A TI Analysis of transient electromagnetic scattering from overfilled cavities SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE transient scattering; overfilled cavities in the infinite ground plane; time-domain finite element method; Newmark time-marching; error estimates; stability analysis ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; BOUNDARY INTEGRAL METHOD; ITERATIVE METHOD; 3-D CAVITIES; EQUATIONS; BODIES; SCHEME; DEEP AB In this paper, we consider the time-domain scattering problem of a two-dimensional overfilled cavity embedded in the infinite ground plane. The problem is first discretized in time by the beta, gamma Newmark time-marching scheme. At each time step, the variational formulation of the semidiscrete problem is derived via a nonlocal boundary condition to truncate the infinite problem domain. Existence and uniqueness of the variational solutions are established. Error analysis of the fully discrete problem is performed. Stability criteria of the time-stepping scheme are also obtained. C1 Mission Res Corp, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Van, T (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, 3975 Res Blvd, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. EM tvan@mrcday.com; aihua.wood@afit.af.mil NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2003 VL 64 IS 2 BP 688 EP 708 DI 10.1137/S0036139902419255 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 802WE UT WOS:000220192800014 ER PT S AU Hill, JM Oxley, ME Bauer, KW AF Hill, JM Oxley, ME Bauer, KW BE Kadar, I TI Evaluating the fusion of multiple classifiers via ROC curves SO SIGNAL PROCESSING, SENSOR FUSION, AND TARGET RECOGNITION XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XII CY APR 21-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE classifier fusion; Kronecker product; ROC curves AB Given a finite collection of classifiers one might wish to combine, or fuse, the classifiers in hopes that the multiple classifier system (MCS) will perform better than the individuals. One method of fusing classifiers is to combine their final decision using Boolean rules (e.g., a logical OR, AND, or a majority vote of the classifiers in the system). An established method for evaluating a classifier is measuring some aspect of its Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, which graphs the trade-off between the conditional probabilities of detection and false alarm. This work presents a unique method of estimating the performance of an MCS in which Boolean rules are used to combine individual decisions. The method requires performance data similar to the data available in the ROC curves for each of the individual classifiers, and the method can be used to estimate the ROC curve for the entire system. A consequence of this result is that one can save time and money by effectively evaluating the performance of an MCS without performing experiments. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hill, JM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4956-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5096 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1117/12.487493 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX54P UT WOS:000185646200038 ER PT S AU Mier, MG Boeckl, JJ Hill, DA Bertrand, SD Ramakrishnan, E Roth, MD Balkas, C Nelson, MP AF Mier, MG Boeckl, JJ Hill, DA Bertrand, SD Ramakrishnan, E Roth, MD Balkas, C Nelson, MP BE Saddow, SE Larkin, DJ Saks, NS Schoner, A TI Whole-wafer optical mapping of defects in insulating silicon carbide wafers SO SILICON CARBIDE 2002-MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-04, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Army Res Lab, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Off Naval Res ID SEMICONDUCTOR-DEVICES; PROGRESS; GROWTH AB Plotting defect locations in insulating SiC presents a challenge because the total number of locations on a wafer is so large. We scan the wafer with visible light at an appropriate resolution and sort out transmissions appropriate for the defects we are looking for. Under these conditions, we find that voids and micropipes reduce the pixel transmission to 0.3 to 0.5. Sorting for this transmission reduces the number of pixels of interest to a manageable number, especially with recent progress in growing lower defect SiC. Now a commercial plotting program can easily display defect locations within a circle representing the wafer boundary. We verify the defect locations by scanning electron microscope secondary electron images and scanning optical microscope visible-light images at several resolutions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mier, MG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-679-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 742 BP 127 EP 130 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW52N UT WOS:000182316400018 ER PT S AU Evwaraye, AO Smith, SR Mitchel, WC Capano, MA AF Evwaraye, AO Smith, SR Mitchel, WC Capano, MA BE Saddow, SE Larkin, DJ Saks, NS Schoner, A TI Ion implantation induced deep defects in n-type 4H-silicon carbide SO SILICON CARBIDE 2002-MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-04, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Army Res Lab, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Off Naval Res ID SILICON-CARBIDE AB Aluminum (Al) and argon (Ar) ions were implanted into n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial layers at 600 degreesC. The energy of the ions was 160 keV at a dose of 2 x 10(16) cm(-2). After annealing at 1600 degreesC for 5-60 minutes, Schottky diodes were fabricated on the ion implanted samples. Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) was used to characterize ion implantation induced defects. A defect at E-C-0.18 eV was observed in the Al+ implanted devices annealed for five and fifteen minutes. However, annealing for 30 minutes produced an additional deeper defect at E-C-0.24 eV. This defect annealed out after a sixty minute anneal. DLTS studies of Al+ implanted devices showed six defect levels at E-C-0.18 eV, E-C -0.23 eV, E-C-0.31 eV, E-C-0.38eV, E-C-0.72 eV, and E-C-0.81eV. These defects are attributed to intrinsic-related defects. It is suggested that "hot" implantation of Al+ inhibits the formation of intrinsic-related defects. While "hot" implantation of Ar+ into 4H-SiC does not reduce the concentration of the vacancies and interstitials. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Evwaraye, AO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, MLPS, 3005 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-679-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 742 BP 175 EP 180 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW52N UT WOS:000182316400024 ER PT S AU Smith, SR Evwaraye, AO Mitchel, WC AF Smith, SR Evwaraye, AO Mitchel, WC BE Saddow, SE Larkin, DJ Saks, NS Schoner, A TI The effect of annealing on high-resistivity and semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE 2002-MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Carbide-Materials, Processing and Devices held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-04, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Army Res Lab, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Off Naval Res ID OPTICAL ADMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY AB We have examined specimens of high-resistivity, and semi-insulating, 4H-SiC before and after thermal annealing at 1600 degreesC, using Optical Admittance Spectroscopy. We have found enhanced ultraviolet response in most specimens. Enhanced activation of previously undetected V impurities has also been observed. Peaks believed to be attributable to complex V-related defects were greatly reduced by annealing. The annealing was in addition to a thermal oxidation at 1150 degreesC for 4 hours. The purpose of the oxidation was to remove surface-related deep levels known to be present in polished SiC. Transition metal impurities in these bulk specimens were quantified by SIMS. In specimens where Ti was not detected by SIMS, no further activation of Ti centers was detected by Optical Admittance Spectroscopy. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, SR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-679-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 742 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BW52N UT WOS:000182316400039 ER PT S AU Ochoa, EM Lott, JA Nelson, TR Harvey, MC Raley, JA Stintz, A Malloy, KJ AF Ochoa, EM Lott, JA Nelson, TR Harvey, MC Raley, JA Stintz, A Malloy, KJ BE Chiao, JC Varadan, VK Cane, C TI Monolithic III-V and hybrid polysilicon-III-V microelectromechanical tunable multilayer filters and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers SO SMART SENSORS, ACTUATORS, AND MEMS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Sensors, Actuators, and MEMS CY MAY 19-21, 2003 CL MASPALOMAS, SPAIN SP SPIE, Spanish Govt, Canary Govt, Canary Isl Special Zone, Res Inst Appl Microelect, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Sch Telecommun Engn, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Dept Elect Engn & Control DE Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS); tunable optical filters; tunable lasers; microcavity lasers; vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) ID OXIDATION AB We report our progress on the design and fabrication of electrostatically-actuated microelectromechanical (MEM) tunable wavelength filters and vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). We investigate both an all-semiconductor monolithic approach and a hybrid approach based on the combination of conventional polysilicon microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and III-V semiconductor thin-film distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and VCSEL structures. In the tunable hybrid structures the III-V semiconductor layers are flip-bonded onto specially designed polysilicon foundry MEMS structures and separated from their lattice-matched parent substrates by a novel post-bonding lift-off process. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ochoa, EM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Malloy, Kevin/E-5994-2010 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4976-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5116 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1117/12.499674 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BX04S UT WOS:000184053200052 ER PT S AU Winthrop, MF Cobb, RG AF Winthrop, MF Cobb, RG BE Agnes, GS Wang, KW TI Survey of state-of-the-art vibration isolation research and technology for space applications SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2003: DAMPING AND ISOLATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, ASME, SEM, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultant Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, USAF, Off Sci Res, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab, USN, Off Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Res Lab DE vibration isolation; semi-active control; vibration control; smart structures; Lienard Equation ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY; MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL ELASTOMERS; ISOLATION SYSTEM; LIENARD EQUATION; LAUNCH VIBRATION; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; STIFFNESS; MODEL; SUPPRESSION; ABSORBERS AB A broad survey of the literature detailing the state-of-the-art and future research trends in vibration isolation for current and proposed space systems is presented. Terminology for vibration control is first defined. Next, the vibration isolation problem is discussed taking into account nonlinearities associated with variable parameters. It is followed by a discussion of some current space specific applications, illustrating the tremendous importance of vibration control technology for space and the challenges these applications present. Next, a discussion of vibration control elements is provided. Finally, a summary of semi-active control strategies is presented and conclusions are drawn about the state of the art. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut Engn, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Winthrop, MF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut Engn, ENY, 2950 P St,Bldg 640,Box 4099, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Winthorp@afit.edu; Richard.Cobb@afit.edu NR 117 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4857-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5052 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1117/12.483944 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX45H UT WOS:000185332000003 ER PT S AU Henderson, BK Lane, SA Gerhart, C Richard, RE AF Henderson, BK Lane, SA Gerhart, C Richard, RE BE Anderson, EH TI Overview of the Vibro-Acoustic Launch Protection Experiment at the Air Force Research Laboratory SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2003: INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, ASME, SEM, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultant Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, USAF, Off Sci Res, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab, USN, Off Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Res Lab DE payload fairing; vibro-acoustic mitigation; isolation; launch vehicle acoustics AB Experiments demonstrating several vibro-acoustic mitigation technologies will be tested on the Vibro-Acoustic Launch Protection Experiment 2 (VALPE-2) aboard a Terrier-Improved Orion sounding rocket slated for launch from Wallops Island Flight Facility in May 2003. Flight data collected in November 2002 from a nearly identical launch (VALPE-1) is being used to characterize the fairing environment and design the prototype hardware for the second flight. This paper discusses the various experiments that will be tested on the VALPE-2 flight, and presents some of the measured results and lessons learned from the first flight. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Henderson, BK (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4859-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5054 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1117/12.484663 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BX48G UT WOS:000185393500007 ER PT S AU Reich, GW Sanders, B AF Reich, GW Sanders, B BE Baz, AM TI Structural shape sensing for morphing aircraft SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2003: SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, ASME, SEM, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultant Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, USAF, Off Sci Res, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab, USN, Off Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Res Lab DE deformation sensing; morphing aircraft; strain transformation; Kalman filter; optimal sensor placement; genetic algorithm ID SENSOR PLACEMENT; SMART STRUCTURES; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM AB This paper represents a "work-in-progress" status report on shape determination and sensing methods for deforming structures utilizing embedded sensors. This work is part of a larger effort in morphing aircraft structures at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The two critical issues involved in the present work are the determination of the number and placement of embedded sensors, and algorithms for transforming the sensor data into displacements to define the shape of-the structure. These issues are addressed in the. context of a laboratory experiment, which demonstrate many of the challenges inherent in the problem. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Reich, GW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4861-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5056 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1117/12.483468 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX45J UT WOS:000185332300015 ER PT S AU Joo, J Sanders, B Washington, G Adams, J AF Joo, J Sanders, B Washington, G Adams, J BE Baz, AM TI Energy based efficiency of mechanized solid-state actuators SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2003: SMART STRUCTURES AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2003 Conference CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, ASME, SEM, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultant Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, USAF, Off Sci Res, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab, USN, Off Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Res Lab DE energy efficiency; unloaded efficiency; loaded efficiency; solid-state actuators AB The research in this study develops an analysis technique for mechanized solid-state actuators. The methodology's strength stems from the fact that it can be applied to a single solid-state actuator or an actuator that is coupled to a compliant mechanism (mechanized). The technique couples the actuator to any compliant mechanism and it takes into account interactions between the mechanized actuator and its load. Thus the methodology can be applied to a myriad of loaded systems. The analysis technique is rooted in thermodynamics and thus can be expanded to a wide range of systems (piezoelectric, electrohydraulic, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, etc.). The methodology uses energy transfer as a medium to develop analytical relationships between input parameters and output parameters. Results of the technique are consistent with existing energy-based techniques and experimental data. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Joo, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4861-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5056 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1117/12.483447 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BX45J UT WOS:000185332300033 ER PT S AU Simnett, GM Webb, DF AF Simnett, GM Webb, DF BE Wilson, A TI Report of ISCS combined working groups 2 and 3 SO SOLAR VARIABILITY AS AN INPUT TO THE EARTH'S ENVIRONMENT SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Solar Cycle Studies Symposium (ISCS 2003) CY JUN 23-28, 2003 CL TATRANSKA LOMNIC, SLOVAKIA SP Sci Comm Solar Terr Phys, Int Astron Union, European Space Agcy, Comm Space Res, US Natl Sci Fdn, Volksbank Ludova Bank, Grand Hotel Tatranska Lomnica, SAS, Astron Inst, SAS, Inst Exptl Phys, SAS, Geophys Inst C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Boston Coll, ISR, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Simnett, GM (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-845-X J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2003 VL 535 BP 777 EP 780 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BY20M UT WOS:000188242400144 ER PT S AU Kahler, SW Crooker, NU Larson, DE AF Kahler, SW Crooker, NU Larson, DE BE Velli, M Bruno, R Malara, F TI Parameterizing the wind 3DP heat flux electron data SO SOLAR WIND TEN, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 17-21, 2002 CL PISA, ITALY SP Univ Firenze, Univ Pisa, Univ Calabria, IFSI, ASI, European Space Agcy, INAF ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD AB Solar wind heat flux (HF) electrons are valuable as tracers of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) topology, distinguishing positive from negative solar polarities and indicating the presence of magnetically closed CMEs when the flows are counterstreaming. All past applications of heat fluxes to determine field topologies have been based on visual inspection of color spectrograms of electron pitch angle distributions (PADS). However, HF PADs can take a range of shapes and amplitudes, which challenges the visual analysis. We now take a quantitative approach to HF analysis by parameterizing the HF PADs of the UC Berkeley 3DP data with a Fourier harmonic analysis. We have calculated the harmonic cosine coefficients A(0) through A(4) for a five-year period of the Wind 3DP data set with a 10-min time resolution. With these data we intend to derive quantitative criteria for unidirectional and bi-directional flows and other possible diagnostics of interplanetary field dynamics or configurations. Some initial considerations and results of the 3DP parameterization are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Washington, DC USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0148-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 679 BP 172 EP 175 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BX72B UT WOS:000186211700039 ER PT J AU Sargent, RA Kilgo, JC Chapman, BR Miller, KV AF Sargent, RA Kilgo, JC Chapman, BR Miller, KV TI Nesting ecology of wood thrush (Turdidae : Passeriformes) in hardwood forests of South Carolina SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BIRD COMMUNITIES; SUCCESS; PREDATION; HABITAT AB We studied nesting success of the Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) in bottomland and upland hardwood forests in South Carolina. Twenty-one of 26 nests (80.8%) were located in bottomland sites, and 76.2% of these nests were in narrow (<150-m wide) bottomland corridors. No nests were found in upland sites enclosed by fields. The Mayfield success rate for 20 nests was 35.3%. All nest failures were attributed to predation; no nests were parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Nest sites were characterized by a dense overstory and a moderately developed understory. Bottomland hardwoods, especially relatively narrow corridors, appear to provide suitable nesting habitat for Wood Thrush in this region. Brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds does not appear to be a significant factor in the failure of Wood Thrush nests in these sites. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. WR ALC EMR, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Sargent, RA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0217:NEOWTT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 697GT UT WOS:000183934700005 ER PT J AU West, JE Linster, B AF West, JE Linster, B TI The evolution of fuzzy rules as strategies in two-player games SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID REPEATED PRISONERS-DILEMMA AB This paper describes simulations using fuzzy rules that show how Nash equilibrium behavior can be achieved by boundedly rational agents in two-player games with infinite strategy spaces. That is, we show how agents using simple "rules of thumb" can achieve near-equilibrium outcomes without any overt computation of the equilibrium. This is accomplished by using a genetic algorithm to approximate repeated play. Two games of differing complexities, both with analytic solutions, are examined: a repeated linear-demand Cournot, game and a contestable rent game. When fuzzy rules us used only the most recent information, the games we examined:converged to outcomes similar to their respective Cournot-Nash equilibrium outcomes. When. fuzzy rules "remembered" play from the more distant past, we found that the games converged more slowly, if at all. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP West, JE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6K110, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jim.west@usafa.af.mil; bruce.linster@usafa.af.mil OI West, James/0000-0002-1454-2113 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTH ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 69 IS 3 BP 705 EP 717 DI 10.2307/1061703 PG 13 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 637LJ UT WOS:000180512600013 ER PT S AU Smart, DF Shea, MA AF Smart, DF Shea, MA BE Horneck, G Vazquez, ME Porterfield, DM TI Comment on estimating the solar proton environment that may affect Mars missions SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: MISSIONS TO MARS, RADIATION BIOLOGY, AND PLANTS AS A FOUNDATION FOR LONG-TERM LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN SPACE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material CT F0 1 and F1 3-F2 3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP CNES, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV, European Space Sci Comm, Int Astronaut Federat, Int Soc Study Origin Life, NASA, Comm Space Res ID ENERGETIC PARTICLES; SHOCKS; MODEL AB Estimates of the energetic proton environment for a Mars mission are generally extrapolated from the solar proton observations at 1 AU. We find that solar particle events may be divided into two general classes. Events dominated by a near-sun injection of particles onto interplanetary magnetic field lines leading to the spacecraft position represent the "classical" solar particle event associated with solar activity. This class of event will scale in radial distance by the classical power law extrapolation. The extended-interplanetary-shock source generates a maximum flux as the shock passes the detection location. This class of event typically generates maximum fluence, but in,this case, the flux and fluence will not scale in the classical manner with radial distance. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBX, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Smart, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBX, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00655-5 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00655-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV98Q UT WOS:000180591400007 PM 12577924 ER PT S AU Uchihori, Y Benton, E Moeller, J Bendrick, G AF Uchihori, Y Benton, E Moeller, J Bendrick, G BE Smart, DF TI Radiation measurements aboard NASA ER-2 high altitude aircraft with the Liulin-4J portable spectrometer SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE GLOBAL SPACE RADIATION FIELD AT AIRCRAFT ALTITIUDES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res AB The risks to aircrew health posed by prolonged exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation at aircraft altitudes have recently received renewed attention. Civil and military aircraft currently on the drawing board are expected to operate at higher altitudes (>12 km) and fly longer ranges than do existing aircraft, thereby exposing their crews to higher levels of ionizing radiation, for longer periods of time. We are currently carrying out dosimetric measurements of the ionizing radiation environment at similar to20 km altitude using portable Si detectors aboard NASA's two ER-2 high altitude research aircraft. The instruments, Liulin-4J, have been extensively calibrated at several particle accelerators. With these instruments, we can measure not only absorbed dose, but also variation of the absorbed dose as a function of time. We report radiation dose measurements as function of time, altitude, and latitude for several ER-2 missions. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 2638555, Japan. Eril Res Inc, San Rafael, CA 94915 USA. USAF, McConnell Air Force Base, KS 67221 USA. NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Uchihori, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Anagawa 4-9-1, Chiba 2638555, Japan. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00507-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX64R UT WOS:000185946800005 PM 14727661 ER PT S AU Smart, DF Shea, MA AF Smart, DF Shea, MA BE Smart, DF TI The limitations of using vertical cutoff rigidities determined from the IGRF magnetic field models for computing aircraft radiation dose SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE GLOBAL SPACE RADIATION FIELD AT AIRCRAFT ALTITIUDES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res ID GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; PARTICLES AB Vertical cutoff rigidities derived from the International Geomagnetic Reference Fields (IGRF) are normally used to compute the radiation dose at a specific location and to organize the radiation dose measurements acquired at aircraft altitudes. This paper presents some of the usually ignored limits on the accuracy of the vertical cutoff rigidity models and describes some of the computational artifacts present in these models. It is noted that recent aircraft surveys of the radiation dose experienced along specific flight paths is sufficiently precise that the secular variation of the geomagnetic field is observable. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USAF, Res Lab VSBX, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Smart, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab VSBX, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00501-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX64R UT WOS:000185946800012 PM 14727668 ER PT S AU Smart, DF Shea, MA AF Smart, DF Shea, MA BE Smart, DF TI The space-developed dynamic vertical cutoff rigidity model and its applicability to aircraft radiation dose SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE GLOBAL SPACE RADIATION FIELD AT AIRCRAFT ALTITIUDES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res ID FIELD AB We have developed a dynamic geomagnetic vertical cutoff rigidity model that predicts the energetic charged particle transmission through the magnetosphere. Initially developed for space applications, we demonstrate the applicability of this library of cutoff rigidity models for computing aircraft radiation dose. The world grids of vertical cutoff rigidities were obtained by particle trajectory tracing in a magnetospheric model. This reference set of world grids of vertical cutoff rigidities calculated for satellite altitudes covers all magnetic activity levels from super quiet to extremely disturbed (i.e., Kp indices ranging from 0 to 9(+)) for every three hours in universal time. We utilize the McIlwain "L" parameter as the basis of the interpolation technique to reduce these initial satellite altitude vertical cutoff rigidities to cutoff rigidity values at aircraft altitudes. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USAF, Res Lab VSBX, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Smart, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab VSBX, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00500-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX64R UT WOS:000185946800013 PM 14727669 ER PT S AU Smart, DF Shea, MA AF Smart, DF Shea, MA BE Smart, DF TI The local time dependence of the anisotropic solar cosmic ray flux SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE GLOBAL SPACE RADIATION FIELD AT AIRCRAFT ALTITIUDES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res AB The distribution of the solar cosmic radiation flux over the earth is not uniform, but the result of complex phenomena involving the interplanetary magnetic field, the geomagnetic field and latitude and longitude of locations on the earth. The latitude effect relates to the geomagnetic shield; the longitude effect relates to local time. For anisotropic solar cosmic ray events the maximum particle flux is always along the interplanetary magnetic field direction, sometimes called the Archimedean spiral path from the sun to the earth. During an anisotropic solar cosmic ray event, the locations on the earth viewing "sunward" into the interplanetary magnetic field direction will observe the largest flux (when adjustments are made for the magnetic latitude effect). To relate this phenomena to aircraft routes, for anisotropic solar cosmic ray events that occur during "normal quiescent" conditions, the maximum solar cosmic ray flux (and corresponding solar particle radiation dose) will be observed in the dawn quadrant, ideally at about 06 hours local time. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USAF, Res Lab VSBX, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Smart, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab VSBX, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00505-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX64R UT WOS:000185946800014 PM 14727670 ER PT S AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, WE BE Scheeres, DJ Pittelkau, ME Proulx, RJ Cangahuala, LA TI Suppose A(t) isn't constant SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL PONCE, PR SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA Astrodynam Tech Comm AB The form of the solution for a general time-dependent linear system is explored, and some properties of Lyapunov transformations are reviewed. The solution of linear systems is intimately tied to a global separation of variables in the original system. A new definition of how the stability exponents propagate with time makes it possible to ensure that the transformation is always non-singular. We show that these exponents are invariant to any linear transformation of the underlying dynamics. Finally, the conditions for this decomposition are developed as differential equations along a trajectory, and at a general point. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 114 BP 231 EP 238 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BX92J UT WOS:000186831100015 ER PT S AU Lovell, TA Tragesser, SG AF Lovell, TA Tragesser, SG BE Scheeres, DJ Pittelkau, ME Proulx, RJ Cangahuala, LA TI Analysis of the reconfiguration and maintenance of close spacecraft formations SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL PONCE, PR SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA Astrodynam Tech Comm AB This paper investigates orbit control algorithms for formation flying experiments. The relative motion of one satellite about a reference satellite is formulated in terms of a set of parameters that clearly describe the size, shape, and orientation of the formation. An impulsive bum maneuver algorithm is presented that is applicable for both reconfiguration and maintenance of spacecraft formations. Two ways of implementing the algorithm are discussed, one involving fixed times between each bum and one allowing the wait times to vary. Examples applying the algorithm to various formation scenarios are presented, along with practical implications of each result. C1 US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lovell, TA (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SW, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 114 BP 595 EP 609 PN 1-3 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BX92J UT WOS:000186831100037 ER PT S AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, WE BE Scheeres, DJ Pittelkau, ME Proulx, RJ Cangahuala, LA TI Mission planning for the space maneuver vehicle SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2003, PTS 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL PONCE, PR SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, AIAA Astrodynam Tech Comm AB Mission planning for the Air Force Space Maneuver Vehicle (SMV) requires wholesale solution of the Lambert problem about an oblate earth. We discuss numerical and algorithmic aspects of this solution, as well as the orbital element inverse problem: determining the orbital elements that yield a give position and velocity at a given time. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2003 VL 114 BP 2043 EP 2049 PN 1-3 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BX92J UT WOS:000186831100119 ER PT B AU Banaszak, D Ratwani, MM AF Banaszak, D Ratwani, MM BE Sih, GC Tu, ST Wang, ZD TI Initiation and growth of cracks in metallic panels at resonant frequencies SO STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY AND MATERIALS AGING: FRACTURE MECHANICS AND APPLICATIONS SE Fracture Mechanics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fracture Mechanics Symposium CY AUG 19-22, 2003 CL E China Univ Sci & Technol, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA HO E China Univ Sci & Technol DE cracks; crack initiation; crack growth; fatigue; resonant frequency; vibratory loads; visual crack measurement system AB A test program was carried out to obtain crack initiation and growth data on aluminium panels under vibratory loads on a shaker. In the shaker test, the test specimens are subjected to fully reversed bending loads (R=-1, where R is ratio of minimum to maximum stress in fatigue). A total of four test series of specimens with two different panel thicknesses (1 nun and 3.2 mm) and panel sizes (85x180 mm, and 170060 mm) were used. The panels were fatigued at resonant frequencies. It was observed that the resonant frequencies of the panels decreased as cracks initiated and propagated. A Visual Crack Measurement System (VCMS) using temperature sensitive paint was used to monitor cracks in the test panels. A large scatter in total fatigue lives was observed in each test series specimens. The scatter in test data reduced significantly when crack initiation Was excluded. The scatter in test data was large for thick specimen as compared to thin specimen. It was found that in thick specimens cracks,on two surfaces of the specimens did not initiate in the same through-the-thickness plane under Vibratory loads. In thick specimens cracks initiated as surface cracks in different planes on two surfaces under fully reversed bending loads. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Banaszak, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASM, Bldg 65,Area B,2790 D St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.banaszak@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EAST CHINA UNIV SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PRESS PI SHANGHAI PA MEILONG RD, SHANGHAI 200237, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-5628-1099-0 J9 FRACTURE MECH SYMP PY 2003 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BY57M UT WOS:000189412000010 ER PT S AU Patwardhan, SV Durstock, MF Clarson, SJ AF Patwardhan, SV Durstock, MF Clarson, SJ BE Clarson, SJ Fitzgerald, JJ Owen, MJ Smith, D VanDyke, ME TI Silicification and biosilicification - Part 2. Silicification at pH 7 in the presence of a cationically charged polymer in solution and immobilized on substrates SO SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SILICONES AND SILICONE-MODIFIED MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis and Properties of Silicones and Silicone-Modified Materials held at the 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc ID SEQUENTIALLY ADSORBED LAYERS; SILICA STRUCTURES AB Biosilicification is facilitated by proteins and occurs under modest conditions in an aqueous medium (pH 7 and ambient temperature). Silicification at neutral pH in vitro has been shown to occur in the presence of various cationically charged synthetic macromolecules in solution. Here, the synthesis of silica from an aqueous silica precursor in the presence of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) both in solution and immobilized on substrates is investigated. The results show that the formation of ordered silica structures under these modest conditions was favored for the PAH and the PAH-PAA in solution but neither for PAA in solution nor when the polymers were immobilized as PAH-PAA bilayers on flat substrates. It is possible that the immobilization of the PAH by the electrostatically self-assembly (ESA) technique may allow it to retain its catalytic function, while not allowing it to fulfill its role as a template / structure directing agent. The silica structures were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). For the PAH system in solution silica spheres were seen and for PAH-PAA in solution hexagonal silica structures were observed in co-existence with silica spheres. The results presented herein may be helpful in elucidating biosilicification mechanism(s) and should lead to a better understanding of silicification. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Patwardhan, SV (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Patwardhan, Siddharth/B-5037-2009 OI Patwardhan, Siddharth/0000-0002-4958-8840 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3804-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 838 BP 366 EP 374 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BW83X UT WOS:000183317000030 ER PT S AU Dills, AN Gross, K Perram, GP AF Dills, AN Gross, K Perram, GP BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Detonation discrimination techniques using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer system and a near-infrared focal plane array SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS IX: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target and Backgrounds IX CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE bomb detonation; explosions; infrared spectra; signatures; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; near infrared imagery AB To investigate the possibility of battlespace characterization, including the ability to classify munitions type and size, experimental data has been collected remotely from ground-based sensors, processed, and analyzed for several conventional munitions. The spectral, temporal and spatial infrared signatures from bomb detonations were simultaneously recorded using a Bomem MR157 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer and an Indigo Systems Alpha Near-Infrared camera. Three different high explosive materials at three different quantities each were examined in one series of field studies. The FTIR spectra were recorded at 4 cm(-1) spectral resolution and 123-ms temporal resolution using both HgCdTd (500-6000 cm(-1)) and InSb (1800-6000 cm(-1)) detectors. Novel key features have been identified that will aid in discriminating various types and sizes of flashes. These features include spectral dependent projections of one event's temporal data onto another event's temporal data, time dependence of the fireball size, ratios of specific integrated bands, and spectral dependence of temporal fit constants. Using Fisher discrimination and principal component techniques these features are projected onto a line that maximizes the differences in the classes of flashes and then identify the Bayesian decision boundaries for classification. C1 USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4934-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5075 BP 208 EP 216 DI 10.1117/12.486753 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX58B UT WOS:000185756600022 ER PT S AU Lowry, HS Goethert, WH Bertrand, WT Crider, DH AF Lowry, HS Goethert, WH Bertrand, WT Crider, DH BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Continued development and integration of scene projection technologies in the AEDC space simulation chambers SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS IX: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target and Backgrounds IX CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE space simulation; radiometric calibration and characterization; space sensor testing; vacuum chamber ID UPGRADE AB The process of integrating high-fidelity, complex dynamic scene projection systems into space simulation test chambers is a continual challenge which requires comprehensive analysis and measurement of the properties of the optical components involved. This includes the multiple-band source subsystems and the spectral tailoring methods invoked to represent target temperatures. Techniques currently employed in the AEDC space sensor test facilities are discussed in this paper. C1 Jacobs Sverdrup AEDC Grp, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Lowry, HS (reprint author), Jacobs Sverdrup AEDC Grp, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4934-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5075 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1117/12.486958 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX58B UT WOS:000185756600031 ER PT S AU Goldsmith, GC Herald, WL Erickson, RA Irvine, WS Mackin, PR Bryant, P Lindberg, B AF Goldsmith, GC Herald, WL Erickson, RA Irvine, WS Mackin, PR Bryant, P Lindberg, B BE Murrer, RL TI Setting the PACE in IRSP: A reconfigurable PC-based array control electronics system for infrared scene projection SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP TESTING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing VIII CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared projector; emitter arrays; field-programmable gate array; real-time processing; nonuniformity correction ID NONUNIFORMITY CORRECTION; RESISTOR ARRAY AB The development of a new generation PC-based array control electronics (PACE) system was completed during the first quarter of 2003 in the Kinetic Kill Vehicle Hardware-in-the-loop (KHILS) facility. This system replaces the bulky VME-based system that was the previous standard with more compact digital control electronics using field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology hosted on a personal computer. The analog interface electronics (AIE) were redesigned to eliminate obsolete components and miniaturize the package for better compatibility with harsh environments. The resulting PACE system supports both Santa Barbara Infrared Inc. (SBIR) and Honeywell Technology Center's (HTC's) 512 x 512 legacy emitter array infrared projection devices as well as SBIR's upcoming 1024 x 1024 and next-generation 512 x 512 arrays. Two FPGA-based PCI boards enable this system to reconfigure the inputs, processing and outputs of the projection electronics through firmware loaded from the control PC. The increased flexibility provides potential for additional real-time functions such as distortion correction, convolution and calibration to be implemented along with nonuniformity correction (NLJC) techniques by simply reconfiguring firmware. This paper describes the capabilities of the new PACE system in terms of current and future hardware-in-the-loop (HITL) requirements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Goldsmith, GC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4952-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5092 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.488586 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX69R UT WOS:000186147500008 ER PT J AU Houchin, RF AF Houchin, RF TI The $5 billion misunderstanding: The collapse of the Navy's A-12 stealth bomber program. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Force Enhancement Div, Tact Employment Natl Capabil & Programs, Schriever AFB, CO USA. RP Houchin, RF (reprint author), USAF, Force Enhancement Div, Tact Employment Natl Capabil & Programs, Schriever AFB, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 188 EP 189 DI 10.1353/tech.2003.0020 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 652YJ UT WOS:000181408200026 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, J TI Strategic warfare in cyberspace. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 190 EP 191 DI 10.1353/tech.2003.0015 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 652YJ UT WOS:000181408200027 ER PT S AU Malas, JC Kropas-Hughes, CV Blackshire, JL Moran, T Peeler, D Frazier, WG Parker, D AF Malas, JC Kropas-Hughes, CV Blackshire, JL Moran, T Peeler, D Frazier, WG Parker, D BE Meyendorf, N Baaklini, GY Michel, B TI Micro and nano NDE systems for aircraft: Great things in small packages SO TESTING, RELIABILITY, AND APPLICATION OF MICRO- AND NANO-MATERIAL SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Testing, Reliability, and Application of Micro- and Nano-Material Systems CY MAR 03-05, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Univ Dayton Res Inst, Ctr Mat Diagnost, Fraunhofer MicroMat Ctr Berlin, Mikron Instrument Co Inc, FEI Co, Struct Proc Management Co, MTS Syst Corp, SPIE, Inst Acoust Microscopy, Deutsch Bank AG, Microtechnol Innovat Team DE MEMS; structural integrity; aircraft maintenance; vehicle health monitoring; prognostics AB Recent advancements in small, microscopic NDE sensor technologies will revolutionize how aircraft maintenance is done, and will significantly improve the reliability and airworthiness of current and future aircraft systems. A variety of micro/nano systems and concepts are being developed that will enable whole new capabilities for detecting and tracking structural integrity damage. For aging aircraft systems, the impact of micro-NDE sensor technologies will be felt immediately, with dramatic reductions in labor for maintenance, and extended useable life of critical components being two of the primary benefits. For the fleet management of future aircraft systems, a comprehensive evaluation and tracking of vehicle health throughout its entire life cycle will be needed. Indeed., micro/nano NDE systems will be instrumental in realizing this futuristic vision. Several major challenges will need to be addressed, however, before micro- and nano-NDE systems can effectively be implemented, and this will require interdisciplinary research approaches, and a systematic engineering integration of the new technologies into real systems. Future research will need to emphasize systems engineering approaches for designing materials and structures with in-situ inspection and prognostic capabilities. Recent advances in 1) embedded / add-on micro-sensors, 2) computer modeling of nondestructive evaluation responses, and 3) wireless communications are important steps toward this goal, and will ultimately provide previously unimagined opportunities for realizing whole new integrated vehicle health monitoring capabilities. The future use of micro/nano NDE technologies as vehicle health monitoring tools will have profound implications, and will provide a revolutionary way of doing NDE in the near and distant future. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Malas, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4850-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5045 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.484665 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BX34G UT WOS:000184996800003 ER PT S AU Blackshire, JL Hoffmann, J Kropas-Hughes, C Tansel, I AF Blackshire, JL Hoffmann, J Kropas-Hughes, C Tansel, I BE Meyendorf, N Baaklini, GY Michel, B TI Microscopic NDE of hidden corrosion SO TESTING, RELIABILITY, AND APPLICATION OF MICRO- AND NANO-MATERIAL SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Testing, Reliability, and Application of Micro- and Nano-Material Systems CY MAR 03-05, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Univ Dayton Res Inst, Ctr Mat Diagnost, Fraunhofer MicroMat Ctr Berlin, Mikron Instrument Co Inc, FEI Co, Struct Proc Management Co, MTS Syst Corp, SPIE, Inst Acoust Microscopy, Deutsch Bank AG, Microtechnol Innovat Team DE hidden corrosion; laser ultrasonics; scanning acoustic microscopy; thermography; radiography AB The detection and microscopic characterization of hidden corrosion has recently been a focus of several advanced NDE research efforts. A variety of approaches have been suggested, with laser ultrasonic (LU), scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), thermography, and x-ray systems being four of the most promising NDE techniques. In this effort, a side-by-side comparison of each of these four techniques was conducted with the goal of assessing the detailed microscopic features of engineered and realistic hidden pitting corrosion reference samples. The reference samples included laser-etched cutouts and electro-chemically created surface pits ranging in size for 250mum to 5mm in surface extent, and depths of 25mum to I nun. The effects of material loss/topography, corrosion-byproduct, and paint thickness levels were all addressed. Variations in measurement sensitivity, detectivity, and spatial resolution were studied, with particular attention being focused on the ability of the NDE technique to not only detect the hidden corrosion, but to provide any additional information regarding the microscopic nature of the corrosion area, its roughness, material loss levels, and pitting sharpness. In all cases, the NDE techniques provided an 'image' of the hidden corrosion areas, with some capability for assessing the internal structures of the pits from the measured signal levels or brightness levels of the measured image fields. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4850-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5045 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.483999 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BX34G UT WOS:000184996800010 ER PT S AU Blackshire, JL Sathish, S AF Blackshire, JL Sathish, S BE Meyendorf, N Baaklini, GY Michel, B TI Optical interferometric measurements of the static/dynamic response characteristics of MEMS ultrasonic transducers SO TESTING, RELIABILITY, AND APPLICATION OF MICRO- AND NANO-MATERIAL SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Testing, Reliability, and Application of Micro- and Nano-Material Systems CY MAR 03-05, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Univ Dayton Res Inst, Ctr Mat Diagnost, Fraunhofer MicroMat Ctr Berlin, Mikron Instrument Co Inc, FEI Co, Struct Proc Management Co, MTS Syst Corp, SPIE, Inst Acoust Microscopy, Deutsch Bank AG, Microtechnol Innovat Team DE optical interferometry; MEMS ultrasonic transducer AB One of the most critical aspects of developing and optimizing capacitive micro-machined transducer systems involves the introduction of appropriate stress levels in the membrane structures during the manufacturing process. Subtle variations in the elastic modulus levels and mechanical coupling can dramatically alter the dynamic vibratory response of the MEMS for ultrasonic applications. In this effort, two different optical interferometric NDE approaches were used to evaluate the static and dynamic characteristics of individual MEMS elements in an ultrasonic transducer array system for variations of applied stress. The interferometric techniques provided a detailed microscopic characterization of the physical motions and local microscopic positions of the MEMS transducer membranes. It was found that the flexural response levels of individual MEMS membrane structures due to increased electrostatic forces was directly coupled to the dynamic response of the micro-transducer, and could potentially be used for optimizing the efficiency and dynamic motion extent of the MEMS transducer array. The optical interferometric techniques both proved to be valuable micro-NDE characterization tools, and were perfectly suited for characterizing the dynamic and static responses of the MEMS ultrasonic transducer systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4850-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5045 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1117/12.483997 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BX34G UT WOS:000184996800017 ER PT S AU Fragomeni, JM Wheeler, R AF Fragomeni, JM Wheeler, R BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI The strengthening and microstructure of precipitation hardened Al-Li-Cu alloys SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE aluminum; aging; precipitation strengthening; quantitative microscopy; microstructure; hardness; strength; deformation ID PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; AF/C-458; SLIP AB The interrelationships between precipitate characteristics and mechanical properties of an Al-Li-Cu alloy AF/C458 was quantified. The microstructure, precipitation response, and strength in the Al-Li-Cu alloy AF/C458 were studied following single and duplex aging treatments for varying aging times on specimens that were given a six percent stretch after solution heat treatment. Aging response was studied using hardness and compression yield strength measurements. Quantitative transmission electron microscopy methods were used to characterize average size, volume fraction, number density, and interparticle spacing of strengthening precipitates, delta'(Al3Li) and T-1 (Al2CuLi). C1 Univ Detroit, Coll Engn & Sci, Dept Engn Mech, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fragomeni, JM (reprint author), Univ Detroit, Coll Engn & Sci, Dept Engn Mech, Detroit, MI 48221 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 309 EP 314 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400042 ER PT S AU Niinomi, M Hutson, AL Shell, EB Eylon, D Nicholas, T AF Niinomi, M Hutson, AL Shell, EB Eylon, D Nicholas, T BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Effect of Cu-Ni plasma coating on fretting fatigue characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V under flat-on-flat contact SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE fretting fatigue; Ti-6Al-4V; flat-on-flat contact; fatigue damage; Cu-Ni plasma coating AB The fretting fatigue tests of Ti-6Al-4V were, carried out using Cu-Ni plasma coated and as-received pads (un-coated pads). Fretting fatigue tests of Ti-6Al-4V, where Cu-Ni plasma coated and as-received pads were used, repeatedly were also carried out. The characterization of pads before and after testing were carried out in order to investigate the mechanism of fretting fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V in contact with the Cu-Ni plasma coated pad used. Cu-Ni plasma coating on the pads prolonged the fretting fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V. The fretting fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V decreased with repeated use of test when the Cu-Ni plasma coated pads. On the other hand, the opposite trend was observed when the as-received pads were repeatedly used. The surfaces of Cu-Ni plasma coated pads were smoother after testing than before testing due to the plastic deformation. On the other hand, the surface of as-received pads were rougher after testing than before testing. C1 Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Prod Syst Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Struct Integrity Div, Adv Mat Characterizat, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Ctr Mat Diagnost, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Grad Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Niinomi, M (reprint author), Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Prod Syst Engn, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. RI Niinomi, Mitsuo/B-5965-2011 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 649 EP 654 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400098 ER PT S AU Kim, JH Semiatin, SL Lee, CS AF Kim, JH Semiatin, SL Lee, CS BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI High temperature deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with Widmanstaten microstructure SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE Ti-6Al-4V; inelastic deformation theory; dynamic globularization; deformation mechanism; gain boundary sliding ID PLASTIC-FLOW; HOT-WORKING; GLOBULARIZATION; MODE AB A series of load-relaxation tests were, conducted on Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a transformed microstructure to investigate high temperature deformation mechanisms. The. flow stress-vs.-strain rate curves were well fit with the inelastic deformation equation describing grain matrix deformation (dislocation glide + dislocation climb). However, for the heavily deformed (epsilon approximate to 1.2) specimens, the operation of grain-boundary sliding as well as the grain matrix deformation was evidenced. The grain boundary sliding rate was found to be most rapid for the microstructure with the thinnest alpha laths/platelets. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Adv Aerosp Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Adv Aerosp Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 689 EP 694 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400104 ER PT S AU Shaw, L Luo, H Villegas, J Miracle, D AF Shaw, L Luo, H Villegas, J Miracle, D BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Processing and properties of mechanical alloyed Al93Fe3Cr2Ti2 alloys SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE mechanical alloying; nanomaterials; aluminum alloys ID METALLIC GLASSES; QUASI-CRYSTALLINE; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; AL-LA; STRENGTH; ALUMINUM; MICROSTRUCTURE; PARTICLES; NI AB Nanostructured Al93Fe3Ti2Cr2 alloys were prepared via mechanical alloying (MA) starting from elemental powders, followed by extrusion to form bulk material. The microstructure and phase formation as a function of the milling time and the concentration of the process-control agent were investigated. The thermal stability of the mechanical alloyed powder was also studied. The bulk material extruded from the mechanical alloyed powder exhibited superior strength with good ductility at both ambient and elevated temperatures under compressive loading conditions. The enhanced strength at both ambient and elevated temperatures was attributed to the retention of ultrafine grains (fcc-Al < 100 nm), the formation of supersaturated solid solutions, and the presence of nanoscalle intermetallic precipitates. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Shaw, L (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Storrs, CT 06268 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 2351 EP 2356 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400376 ER PT S AU Miracle, D Firstov, S Kulak, L Kuzmenko, M Vasylyev, O AF Miracle, D Firstov, S Kulak, L Kuzmenko, M Vasylyev, O BE Chandra, T Torralba, JM Sakai, T TI Structure and mechanical properties of in-situ discontinuously reinforced composites of Ti-TiB-system SO THERMEC'2003, PTS 1-5 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, MADRID, SPAIN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc HO UNIV CARLOS III MADRID DE titanium alloys; in-situ composites; discontinuously reinforced composites; DRTi; Ti-TiB-system; structure & mechanical behavior relationship; fracture micromechanisms; influence of plastic deformation; boride strengthening; joint boride plus silicide strengthening AB The presentation provides data on structure of the in-situ Ti-TiB discontinuously reinforced composites, namely Ti-1.6-wt.% B; Ti-5.5Al-1.9B, and Ti-6.6Al-3.5Zr-1.2Si-1.1B, and their fracture mechanisms and mechanical properties. Composites were produced with casting technology. The mechanical properties of the in-situ composites were established at tension and bending at room temperature and 600-700 degreesC. Young's modulus of deformed composites with randomly oriented TiB needles was 136 GPa in Ti-1.6B alloy; Ti-5.5Al-1.9B alloy gives 152 GPa. Joint reinforcement of titanium with borides and silicides in the Ti-6.6Al-3.5Zr-1.2Si-1.1B alloy enhances Young's modulus to 158 GPa at 1530 MPa strength. All the composites demonstrate ductile behavior at room temperature ensuring high potential of plasticity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Frantcevych Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03680 Kiev 142, Ukraine. RP Miracle, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-919-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2003 VL 426-4 BP 4591 EP 4596 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BW92N UT WOS:000183626400743 ER PT J AU Foy, BD Frazier, JM AF Foy, BD Frazier, JM TI Incorporation of protein-binding kinetics and carrier-mediated membrane transport into a model of chemical kinetics in the isolated perfused rat liver SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE carrier mediated transport; isolated perfused rat liver; kinetic modeling; protein binding; toxicokinetics ID ALBUMIN; DISSOCIATION AB Nonlinear processes present difficult problems in extrapolating toxicological kinetics from one dose or species to another. A model that includes the details of these processes will aid in identifying those conditions under which a linear extrapolation is not valid. Previously, a kinetic model of the perfused rat liver system was presented that included the effects of equilibrium protein binding, diffusion-based and saturable membrane transport, metabolism, and biliary excretion. This model has been extended here to account for two complex processes. First, the kinetics of chemical association and dissociation from binding sites in various compartments are explicitly included to allow for the possibility that the binding of the compound is not in equilibrium. Second, mediated transport via a simple four-state carrier in the membrane has been included at both the sinusoidal and biliary membranes of the liver cell. This enables inclusion of carrier-specific transport processes (such as selective transport against a concentration gradient) in modeling the kinetics in perfused rat liver experiments. Simulations demonstrating the effects of each of these processes on observable state variables have been conducted. Physiological conditions that elicit nonlinear behavior have been identified. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Foy, BD (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 53 EP 75 DI 10.1080/15376520390178157 PG 23 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 637JZ UT WOS:000180509100007 PM 20021183 ER PT S AU Fisher, RA Schlicht, R AF Fisher, RA Schlicht, R GP TRB TI E-smart threat agent system SO TRANSPORTATION SECURITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION: SAFETY AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 12-16, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB The Environmental Systems Management, Analysis and Reporting neTwork (E-SMART) was developed as a system of smart sensors; active controls; and data acquisition, data reduction, and adaptive decision software to sample, analyze, and report on environmental contamination and cleanup activities on an installation. The prototype system was installed and demonstrated and is operating at Tinker Air Force Base (AFB), Oklahoma. The system is based on ANSI/EIA-709.1-A networking protocol originally developed for building environmental systems automation and process control. Sensor interfaces have been developed that allow E-SMART to network commercial off-the-shelf "smart" or "dumb" environmental sensors, new innovative sensors, or both. The network architecture can support communications media connections via wire, radio frequency, fiber optics, and so on. The system has been on line at Tinker AFB since 1998 and originally consisted of about 100 sensors and has a present array of 30 sensors, measuring up to six variables each. Most recently, development has begun to expand the E-SMART sensor suite to include threat-agent sensors: E-SMART --> E-SMART Threat Agent (E-SMART TA). This effort is integrating online chemical and biological sensors and monitoring systems to demonstrate an E-SMART TA system to enhance protection, warning, and response. The emphasis is on maximizing adaptability and flexibility by accepting the widest possible variety of toxic industrial chemical and material and chemical and biological agent sensors (current, emerging, and future), responding to a wide range of deployment and employment requirements, having the capability to incorporate existing and future analysis models, and providing data sharing and interoperability across all users, U.S. Department of Defense and civilian. C1 USAF, RL, MLQL TRW, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Fisher, RA (reprint author), USAF, RL, MLQL TRW, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-08554-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1822 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BX74D UT WOS:000186287200007 ER PT B AU Baum, CE AF Baum, CE BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI Axial scattering from thin cones SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA ID SYMMETRY C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 23 EP 40 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600003 ER PT B AU Baum, CE AF Baum, CE BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI An observation concerning the entire function in SEM scattering SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 41 EP 50 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600004 ER PT B AU Yakura, SJ AF Yakura, SJ BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI A finite-difference-time-domain/perfectly-matched-layer algorithm applied for nonlinear dispersive media SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA ID MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; BOUNDARY; SOLITONS C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 175 EP 191 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600015 ER PT B AU Baum, CE AF Baum, CE BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI Location and orientation of electrically small transmitting and receiving antenna pairs with common linear polarization and beam direction for minimal mutual coupling SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 299 EP 315 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600027 ER PT B AU Prather, WD Baum, CE Lehr, JM Torres, RJ Tran, TC Burger, JW Lawry, DI Gaudet, JA AF Prather, WD Baum, CE Lehr, JM Torres, RJ Tran, TC Burger, JW Lawry, DI Gaudet, JA BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI Recent developments in ultra-wideband sources and antennas SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Prather, WD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 369 EP 379 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600033 ER PT B AU Burger, JW Baum, CE Prather, WD Torres, RJ Tran, TC Abdalla, MD Skipper, MC Cockreham, BC McLemore, DP AF Burger, JW Baum, CE Prather, WD Torres, RJ Tran, TC Abdalla, MD Skipper, MC Cockreham, BC McLemore, DP BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI Design and development of a high voltage coaxial hydrogen switch SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Burger, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 381 EP 390 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600034 ER PT B AU Pascoe, KJ Wood, WD Maybeck, PS Wood, AW AF Pascoe, KJ Wood, WD Maybeck, PS Wood, AW BE Mokole, EL Kragalott, M Gerlach, KR TI Target recognition via late time scattering SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP6) CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL USNA, Annapolis, MD SP Naval Res Lab HO USNA ID SINGULARITY EXPANSION METHOD; MATRIX PENCIL METHOD; PARAMETERS; MULTIPLE C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pascoe, KJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47481-6 PY 2003 BP 463 EP 470 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY90L UT WOS:000189491600043 ER PT S AU Kramer, RM Loganathan, AG Naik, RR Stone, M AF Kramer, RM Loganathan, AG Naik, RR Stone, M BE Velev, OD Bunning, TJ Xia, Y Yang, P TI The MrgA Multimeric Complex: A self-assembled nanostructure for inorganic synthesis SO UNCONVENTIONAL APPROACHES TO NANOSTRUCTURES WITH APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS, PHOTONICS, INFORMATION STORAGE AND SENSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Unconventional Approaches to Nanostructures with Applications in Electronics, Photonics, Information Storage and Sensing CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, CW Grp, Duke Sci Corp, GE, Ind Technol Res Inst, Kodak, Nanomix Inc, Nanosys ID DODECAMERIC FERRITIN; LISTERIA-INNOCUA; IRON AB Utilization of protein cages in biomimetic chemistry allows for the deposition of inorganic materials within an organic construct, controlling the size and amount of material deposited within a constrained reaction environment. Previously, protein cages such as viral capsids and ferritins have been used in the constrained synthesis of inorganic materials. The MrgA protein displays a high sequence homology to both bacterial DNA-protecting proteins (Dps) found in many bacterial genera and Ferritin-like proteins (Flp), which have been shown to functionally sequester and store iron in a biologically available form. Here we demonstrate recombinant production, purification and characterization of the MrgA protein and provide evidence that this protein self-assembles to form a multimeric complex. This complex demonstrates characteristics similar to that of ferritin-like proteins such as resistance to iron toxicity, iron incorporation, and resistance to thermal and chemical denaturation. The ability to deposit iron within the putative internal cavity of this protein cage will allow the MrgA complex to be utilized as a spatially constrained reaction vessel for nanomaterial synthesis of other inorganic materials. From a materials science perspective, it will be interesting to see if these organic/inorganic hybrid materials can be harnessed for catalysis, nanomagnetics, and other applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kramer, RM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ,Area B, Bldg 651,3005 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-713-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 776 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BY10Q UT WOS:000187670800024 ER PT S AU Jackson, JT Gunsch, GH Claypoole, RL Lamont, GB AF Jackson, JT Gunsch, GH Claypoole, RL Lamont, GB BE Ebrahimi, T Sikora, T TI Wavelet-based steganalysis using a computational immune system approach SO VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS AND IMAGE PROCESSING 2003, PTS 1-3 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2003 CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL LUGANO, SWITZERLAND SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, European Assoc Signal Speech & Image Proc DE steganalysis; steganography; wavelet transforms; computational immune systems; genetic algorithm AB Current signature-based approaches for detecting the presence of hidden messages in digital files - the initial step in steganalysis - rely on discerning "footprints" of steganographic tools. Of greater recent concern is detecting the use of novel proprietary or "home-grown" tools for which no signature has been established. This research focuses on detecting anomalies in seemingly innocuous images, applying a genetic algorithm within a computational immune system to leverage powerful image processing through wavelet analysis. The sensors developed with this new, synergistic system demonstrated a surprising level of capability to detect the use of steganographic tools for which the system had no previous exposure. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5023-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5150 BP 1884 EP 1894 DI 10.1117/12.502800 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX16A UT WOS:000184462900187 ER PT S AU Han, KJ Suter, BW AF Han, KJ Suter, BW BE Rahman, ZU Schowengerdt, RA Reichenbach, SE TI Low-bit rate enhanced quality JPEG to JPEG 2000 encoding SO VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Information Processing XII CY APR 21, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE image coding; transform coding; wavelet transform; image compression; image recompression; JPEG 2000 Region of Interest (ROI) coding; scaling based method; maxshift method; bitplane-by-bitplane shift method ID COMPRESSION; REGION; QUANTIZATION; STANDARD AB The JPEG 2000 standard is a wavelet based compression methodology that achieves nearly an order of magnitude better compression performance than the existing DCT-based JPEG standard. Thus, it is desirable to convert existing JPEG images into JPEG 2000 images in order to minimize the storage and/or communications bandwidth requirements. JPEG 2000's performance enhancement can be maximized if its Region of Interest (ROI) coding option is employed. Unfortunately, this option results in a low bit rate coder, which tends to be plagued with ringing artifacts due to the abrupt truncation of high frequency wavelet coefficients at the Rol edges. In this paper, we briefly describe a novel minimum distortion transcoding technology to convert compressed JPEG images into compressed JPEG 2000 images. Experimental results indicate that the visual quality of resulting images is improved, while the time required to download them has been dramatically deceased. We expect that these new techniques can also be applied to computer vision, medical imaging, and e-commerce applications. C1 USAF, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP USAF, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM hank@rl.af.mil; suterb@rl.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4968-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5108 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.487648 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48N UT WOS:000185396200008 ER PT S AU Han, KJ Suter, BW AF Han, KJ Suter, BW BE Rahman, ZU Schowengerdt, RA Reichenbach, SE TI Corrupted video quality analysis of Error-Resilient 3-D SPIHT vs. MPEG-2 SO VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Information Processing XII CY APR 21, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE video quality metric (VQM); video communication; error-resilient video coding; 3-D SPIHT; MPEG-2; synchronization; variable length codes; fixed-length codes; high compression; joint source and channel coding; burst errors; random errors; forward error correction (FEC); principal component analysis ID TRANSMISSION; CONCEALMENT; MODEL AB A great deal of digital video quality measurement research has been performed to quantify human visual perception with compressed video clips. Since transmitted video quality is heavily dependent on the bit-rate, error rate and dropped packet rate, a new measurement paradigm is required to analyze the corrupted video. Fast eigen-based video quality metric (VQM) and visualization techniques have been developed to measure and analyze the corrupted video qualities objectively. 3-D SPIHT and MPEG-2 with for-ward error correction (FEC) had been tested over a Video CODEC RF Test-bed. The experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme is useful for a low complexity VQM. C1 USAF, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Han, KJ (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4968-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5108 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.488050 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48N UT WOS:000185396200011 ER PT S AU Canadeo, CM Temple, MA Baldwin, RO Raines, RA AF Canadeo, CM Temple, MA Baldwin, RO Raines, RA GP IEEE IEEE TI Code selection for enhancing UWB multiple access communication performance using TH-PPM and DS-BPSK modulations SO WCNC 2003: IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference CY MAR 16-20, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP NTT Do Co Mo, Motorola, Nokia, Verizon, Ericsson, IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc AB This research focuses on performance of two ultra wide band (UWB) techniques for implementing multiple access (MA) communications. Specifically, a Gaussian monocycle with time hopping, pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) and direct sequence binary phase shift keying (DS-BPSK) is considered. Previous research on UWB system performance using Gold spreading sequences forms the basis for this work. The knowledge base of UWB MA performance characterization is expanded here using codes generated from a Random Integer selection process and a Simulated Annealing code generation process. Communication performance is first validated for a single user operating over an AWGN channel and subsequently extended to incorporate multiuser capability. For a network containing up to, 15 synchronized users, TH-PPM with Gold coding provides an average MA BER 10(-2) improvement factor of 2.0 x 10(-2) and 5.1 x 10(-2) over Random Integer and Simulated Annealing codes, respectively. Likewise, DS-BPSK. with Gold coding provides an average MA BER improvement factor, of 3.8 x 10(-4) and 9.8 X 10(-4) over Random Integer and Simulated Annealing codes, respectively. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Canadeo, CM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 0-7803-7700-1 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2003 BP 678 EP 682 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BW67R UT WOS:000182770600123 ER PT S AU Madden, TJ AF Madden, TJ BE Plinski, EF TI Aspects of 3-D chemical oxygen-iodine laser simulation SO XIV INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GAS FLOW, CHEMICAL LASERS, AND HIGH-POWER LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers CY AUG 25-30, 2002 CL WROCLAW, POLAND SP Wroclaw Univ Technol, Dept Elect, SPIE Poland Chapter, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci, USAF Res Lab, KBN State Comm Sci Res, Polish Airlines LOT ID DISSOCIATION C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Madden, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4980-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5120 BP 363 EP 375 DI 10.1117/12.515583 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics GA BY33G UT WOS:000188942000068 ER PT J AU Stump, BW Hedlin, MAH Pearson, DC Hsu, V AF Stump, BW Hedlin, MAH Pearson, DC Hsu, V TI Characterization of mining explosions at regional distances: Implications with the international monitoring system SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE regional; monitoring; seismology; detection; location; characterization ID QUARRY BLASTS; CHEMICAL EXPLOSIONS; SEISMIC SIGNALS; UNITED-STATES; RG WAVES; EARTHQUAKES; DISCRIMINATION; IDENTIFICATION; PROPAGATION; PHASE AB [1] The International Monitoring System (IMS) being constructed in support of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty introduces new opportunities to nuclear test monitoring by providing open access to global data from seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasonic, and radionuclide sensors. These sensors will detect myriad natural and man-made events and can be used to identify those that have explosive characteristics and therefore might be clandestine nuclear tests. Detection and identification of seismic events must be conducted at a lower magnitude threshold (m(b) = 3.5 and lower) than has been previously considered. Concomitant with the lower monitoring threshold will be an increased number of events that must be scrutinized. This collection will be largely composed of regional observations in which the seismic waves have traversed complex geological structures. High-fidelity regional, geophysical models will be needed to support accurate location and source identification. Source identification will not be limited to the separation of single-fired nuclear explosions from earthquakes as in previous testing treaties. The lower-magnitude threshold and increased reliance on regional observations assures that mining explosions will be detected by the monitoring system. It is important that the signals from mining explosions are properly identified to avoid false alarms of the monitoring system. Cooperation with the mining industry, including deployment of close-in instrumentation and extensive documentation of the explosions, provides critical information for interpreting the performance of regional discriminants. Linkage of these observations to appropriate physical models of the blasting process is also enhanced through this cooperative research effort. A number of discriminants for characterizing mining explosions have been identified including P to L(g) ratios at high and low frequencies, surface wave to high-frequency body wave amplitudes, R(g) at short distances, high- and low-frequency time-independent spectral modulations, signal correlation, and temporal clustering. Variable performance of individual discriminants results from such factors as mine-specific blasting practices and the complexity of the regional wave propagation. This variability attests to the need for a suite of region-specific discriminants. Regional calibration with modest-size, single-fired contained chemical explosions can provide a basis for developing region-specific procedures. Broadband data provide the basis for the most robust set of discriminants. The inclusion of infrasonic data as part of the IMS introduces a potential for the combined use of seismic and infrasonic data for the identification of near-surface explosions. The generation and, to a greater extent, the propagation of mining explosion infrasonic signals is not well understood, but empirical data attest to its future utility. Evidence for the accidental, near-simultaneous detonation of a large amount of explosives during standard delay-fired explosions is presented. Events such as these have single-fired characteristics and may prove to be problematic in discrimination analysis. C1 So Methodist Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. AF Tech Applicat Ctr, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. RP Stump, BW (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Geol Sci, POB 750395, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM stump@passion.isem.smu.edu; hedlin@epicenter.ucsd.edu; cpearson@lanl.gov; vindell@tt.aftac.gov NR 91 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD DEC 31 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 AR 1011 DI 10.1029/1998RG000048 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 649MX UT WOS:000181213500001 ER PT J AU Chilton, LK Seshaiyer, P AF Chilton, LK Seshaiyer, P TI The hp mortar domain decomposition method for problems in fluid mechanics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Domain Decomposition Methods in Fluid Mechanics CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL UNIV GREENWICH, LONDON, ENGLAND SP London Math Soc HO UNIV GREENWICH DE hp-version; mortar elements; finite elements; non-conforming ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; STOKES PROBLEM; VERSIONS AB We consider the incompressible Stokes equations in primal velocity-pressure variables and present the mortar finite element formulation for this problem. The local approximation within each subdomain is designed using divergence stable hp-mixed finite elements. The velocity is computed in a mortared space while the pressure is not subjected to any constraints across the interfaces. Our computational results show that the mortar finite element method for the Stokes problem satisfies similar rates of convergence as the conforming finite element method, in the presence of various h, p and hp discretizations (including the case of exponential hp convergence over geometric meshes). We also present the numerical results for the Lagrange multiplier when the method is implemented as a. mixed method. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM padhu@math.ttu.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1561 EP 1570 DI 10.1102/fld.412 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 627KB UT WOS:000179931400010 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, A Basu, S Groves, KM Valladares, CE Sheehan, R AF Bhattacharyya, A Basu, S Groves, KM Valladares, CE Sheehan, R TI Effect of magnetic activity on the dynamics of equatorial F region irregularities SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PLASMA IRREGULARITIES; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; SPREAD-F; STORM; VELOCITY; BUBBLES AB Two different aspects of the effect of magnetic activity on the dynamics of equatorial spread F (ESF) irregularities are studied here using spaced receiver scintillation observations. The first one deals with the question of how magnetic activity affects the generation of ESF irregularities. For this, a parameter designated the "random velocity,'' which is a measure of random changes in the irregularity drift velocity, is evaluated from the data. In past studies, this parameter has been found to have large values in the early phase of evolution of ESF irregularities during the postsunset period, with a steep decline to a low value by 22 LT. This behavior is attributed to the decline in the height of the F region. Therefore, a sudden increase in the "random velocity'' in the postmidnight period is attributed to an increase in the height of the F region due to the ionospheric zonal electric field turning from westward to eastward due to the effect of magnetic activity, which may also generate fresh irregularities that produce the observed scintillations. This idea has been used to suggest that for two of the magnetically active days considered in the present study the irregularities may be freshly generated in the postmidnight period. The second aspect is the identification of geomagnetically disturbed plasma drifts, which is generally possible only after 22 LT, when the estimated irregularity drift velocities are close to that of the background plasma. The pattern of the estimated drift after 22 LT (3 UT) is found to be well defined for magnetically quiet days with scintillations during a period of a month. This allows the identification of a superimposed westward perturbation in the drift, produced by a disturbance dynamo due to magnetic activity, for all the three events studied here. On 19 February and 1 March 1999, the eastward drift velocities show an identical decrease of about 50 m/s from the undisturbed drift at 0440 UT. On 1 March, the decay phase of the storm sets in later, and the eastward velocity continues to decrease until 0530 UT, turning westward with a maximum decrease of about 80 m/s from the undisturbed drift. On 22 October 1999, which was more disturbed than these two days, the westward perturbation was larger, causing the drift velocity to turn westward around 5 UT and a decrease of nearly 150 m/s from the quiet time drift at 8 UT. The results are in broad agreement with some of the recent empirical models of the evolution, with storm time, of equatorial disturbance dynamo electric fields. C1 Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL VSBI, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton Ctr, Newton, MA 02159 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, A (reprint author), Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A12 AR 1489 DI 10.1029/2002JA009644 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 650BT UT WOS:000181243000006 ER PT J AU Mishin, EV Foster, JC Potekhin, AP Rich, FJ Schlegel, K Yumoto, K Taran, VI Ruohoniemi, JM Friedel, R AF Mishin, EV Foster, JC Potekhin, AP Rich, FJ Schlegel, K Yumoto, K Taran, VI Ruohoniemi, JM Friedel, R TI Global ULF disturbances during a stormtime substorm on 25 September 1998 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ULF stormtime disturbances; solar wind drivers ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION; LINE RESONANCES; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ION DRIFTS; POLAR-CAP; DAYSIDE; INJECTIONS AB Quasiperiodic perturbations of ionospheric plasma with similar to10 min occurrence periods were observed by incoherent scatter radars (ISR) in high-latitude and midlatitude ionosphere after the onset of a stormtime substorm. The latter occurred during a period of complex dynamical activity and had a number of unusual characteristics. The perturbations indicate ultralow frequency (ULF) electric field enhancements over the Northern Hemisphere. Specifically, strong subauroral electric fields are associated with the ring current-related polarization jet (PJ). These perturbations correlate with magnetic variations in high-latitude and midlatitude regions spanning similar to21 hours in magnetic local time (MLT). The radar and ground magnetometer data are supported by simultaneous observations from the DMSP and geostationary satellites. As a result of the onset, the preexisting PJ shifted equatorward to Lsimilar to2.5. Similar periodicities in the solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) appear to be natural sources of the ULF perturbations observed at high and middle latitudes. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, ASG, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RAS, Inst Solar Terr Phys, Irkutsk, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Lindau, Germany. NAS & ME, Inst Ionenphys, Kharkov, Ukraine. Kyushu Univ 33, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 402 St Clements Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A12 AR 1486 DI 10.1029/2002JA009302 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 650BT UT WOS:000181243000003 ER PT J AU Valladares, CE Moen, J Sandholt, PE Denig, WF Troshichev, O AF Valladares, CE Moen, J Sandholt, PE Denig, WF Troshichev, O TI Simultaneous observations of dayside aurora from Heiss Island and Ny Alesund SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOPAUSE RECONNECTION; NORTHWARD IMF; CUSP AURORA; CONVECTION; SIGNATURES; RESPONSES; FORMS AB [1] This paper presents the first simultaneous observation of the cusp aurora using two overlapping imagers displaced in longitude by several hundreds of km. The imagers were located at Ny Alesund, Norway and Heiss Island, Russia. The uniqueness of the case study presented here consists of the rapid response of the entire extension of the cusp-related aurora to an unsettled IMF. At the start of the event, the IMF B-z component was equal to -5 nT. It was followed by a 10-min period of positive B-z excursions (similar to+2nT), before returning to a 3 nT value. Initially, when Bz was negative, the cusp aurora was located at 73degrees MLAT, displayed a B-z south-type ion dispersion signature, and antisunward convection. When the IMF B-z became positive, but under a dominant B-x (-6 nT), the cusp aurora rapidly retreated poleward, and a long single band was seen extending for over 2000 km brightening from east to west. A few minutes later, still during a period of clock angle less than 120degrees, two bands of red emission, separated in longitude by similar to1000 km, split from the main auroral trace and move equatorward. The data presented here suggest that during a short period of dominant B-x < 0 and a solar wind phase front tilted toward the northern hemisphere the whole cusp-related aurora responded rapidly to the new solar wind configuration. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton Ctr, MA USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. Univ Courses Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway. AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Valladares, CE (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 140 Commonwealth Av, Chestnut Hill, MA 02647 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 27 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 24 AR 2202 DI 10.1029/2002GL016001 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 649WR UT WOS:000181231400013 ER PT J AU Deng, JJ Polidan, JT Hottle, JR Farmer-Creely, CE Viers, BD Esker, AR AF Deng, JJ Polidan, JT Hottle, JR Farmer-Creely, CE Viers, BD Esker, AR TI Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes: A new class of amphiphiles at the air/water interface SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BREWSTER-ANGLE MICROSCOPY; OXYGEN-ATOM EROSION; BUILDING-BLOCKS; POLYMERS; COPOLYMER; SURFACE C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USAF, ERC, Res Labs, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Esker, AR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM aesker@vt.edu NR 18 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 25 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 51 BP 15194 EP 15195 DI 10.1021/ja027860v PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 628QA UT WOS:000180006600025 PM 12487593 ER PT J AU Barchers, JD Rhoadarmer, TA AF Barchers, JD Rhoadarmer, TA TI Evaluation of phase-shifting approaches for a point-diffraction interferometer with the mutual coherence function SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; CONTRAST TECHNIQUES AB The estimation accuracy of a point-diffraction interferometer is examined with two phase-shifting schemes: spatial, and temporal. Under the assumption of plane- or spherical-wave propagation through isotropic turbulence that can be accurately represented as a series of thin phase screens, results that are valid for any scintillation regime are obtained by use of the invariance with a propagation of the mutual coherence function. It is established that the estimation accuracy of the spatial phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometer is invariant with scintillation., Upper and lower bounds on the performance of the temporal phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometer are developed. Wave optical simulation results. are presented that validate the analytic predictions for the two phase-shifting schemes. The results and techniques presented can be used to assess the appropriate phase-shifting scheme given finite resources, such as a limited number of pixels in a detector array or A restricted detector frame rate. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Barchers, JD (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 985 Glenarbor Circle, Longmont, CO 80501 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 36 BP 7499 EP 7509 DI 10.1364/AO.41.007499 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 627AE UT WOS:000179905300001 PM 12510913 ER PT J AU Landesman, BT Matson, CL AF Landesman, BT Matson, CL TI Image transfer through cirrus clouds. II. Wave-front segmentation and imaging SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL ICE CRYSTALS; SCATTERING PHASE MATRIX; LIGHT-SCATTERING; OPTICS AB A hybrid technique to simulate the imaging of space-based objects through cirrus clouds is presented. The method makes use of standard Huygens-Fresnel propagation beyond the cloud boundary and a novel vector trace approach within the cloud. At the top of the cloud, the wave front is divided into an array of input gradient vectors, which are in turn transmitted through the cloud model by use of the Coherent Illumination Ray Trace and Imaging Software for Cirrus. At the bottom of the cloud, the output vector distribution is used to reconstruct a wave front that continues propagating to the ground receiver. Images of the object as seen through cirrus clouds with different optical depths are compared with a diffraction-limited image. Turbulence effects from the atmospheric propagation are not included. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Landesman, BT (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, 1155 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM barbara.t.landesman@lmco.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 36 BP 7612 EP 7619 DI 10.1364/AO.41.007612 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 627AE UT WOS:000179905300016 PM 12510928 ER PT J AU Maynard, NC Sonnerup, BUO Siscoe, GL Weimer, DR Siebert, KD Erickson, GM White, WW Schoendorf, JA Ober, DM Wilson, GR Heinemann, MA AF Maynard, NC Sonnerup, BUO Siscoe, GL Weimer, DR Siebert, KD Erickson, GM White, WW Schoendorf, JA Ober, DM Wilson, GR Heinemann, MA TI Predictions of magnetosheath merging between IMF field lines of opposite polarity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE merging; reconnection; magnetosheath; magnetopause; convection; hot flow anomalies ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; DIAMAGNETIC CAVITIES; CURRENT SHEETS; FLOW; MHD; HOT; DISCONTINUITIES; SIMULATION; CONVECTION AB [1] Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations using the Integrated Space Weather Prediction Model (ISM) show merging in the magnetosheath between interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) field lines on opposite sides of a directional discontinuity. As the discontinuity passes the bow shock and traverses the magnetosheath, the magnetic field gradients on either side become steeper, and the geometry is distorted by the nonuniform flow speed in the magnetosheath. Associated current densities are intensified. In a location isolated from the magnetopause, we use the appearance of an X magnetic field configuration, associated dissipation electric fields, and increases in plasma velocity in the exhaust direction from the X as evidence for merging in the magnetosheath. We suggest that these signatures might be observable by Polar, as it now traverses the magnetosheath near the nose or by the Cluster spacecraft when the discontinuity is tilted away from the YZ plane. Merging signatures are seen in simulations with both 90 and 180 rotations of the field across the discontinuity. Magnetosheath merging creates a hole in the directional discontinuity, allowing the magnetosphere to penetrate through the structure as the discontinuity passes downstream. Magnetosheath merging has the potential to affect ionospheric convection pattern changes, open-closed boundaries, and magnetotail dynamics. A possible association with hot flow anomalies (HFA) is also indicated. C1 Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02543 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBSX, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Sonnerup, BUO (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, 589 W Hollis St,Suite 201, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 19 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A12 AR 1456 DI 10.1029/2002JA009289 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 650AK UT WOS:000181240000001 ER PT J AU Hussain, S Ali, SF AF Hussain, S Ali, SF TI Zinc potentiates 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine induced dopamine depletion in caudate nucleus of mice brain SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; zinc; dopamine; mice ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FREE-RADICALS; MPTP; METALLOTHIONEIN; NEUROTOXICITY; MECHANISMS; TOXICITY; PROTEINS; MOUSE AB Present study describes the effect of zinc (Zn) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced dopamine depletion in mice brain. MPTP is a known neurotoxicant primarily causing marked depletion of dopamine (DA) levels in nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Adult Male C57-mice were intraperitonially injected with 25 mg/kg MPTP in the presence or absence of zinc acetate. Twenty-four hours after treatment animals were sacrificed and DA levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in caudate nucleus of control and treated mice. The results showed that there was a marked depletion of DA in MPTP treated mice, whereas no change was observed in DA levels in mice treated with Zn when compare to controls. Interestingly, mice receiving MPTP in conjunction with Zn showed significantly lower DA levels in brain when compare to animals receiving MPTP alone. In summary the data suggest that Zn treatment potentiates depletion of dopamine in MPTP treated mice. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, Neurochem Lab, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol & Neurol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Hussain, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, POB 31009, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2002 VL 335 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 AR PII S0304-3940(02)01158-8 DI 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)01158-8 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 625AY UT WOS:000179795700007 PM 12457734 ER PT J AU Look, DC Jones, RL Sun, XL Brillson, LJ Ager, JW Park, SS Han, JH Molnar, RM Maslar, JE AF Look, DC Jones, RL Sun, XL Brillson, LJ Ager, JW Park, SS Han, JH Molnar, RM Maslar, JE TI Electrical and optical properties of GaN/Al2O3 interfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extended Defects in Semiconductors (EDS 2002) CY JUN 01-06, 2002 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GAN; FILMS; LUMINESCENCE; DISLOCATION AB Hall-effect, photoluminescence (PL), cathodoluminescence (CL), and Raman scattering measurements have been used to characterize the Ga (top) and N (bottom) faces of free-standing GaN layers grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy on Al2O3. The material near the bottom has higher carrier concentration, lower mobility, larger PL linewidths, brighter CL emission, and stronger Raman plasmon-phonon lines than the material near the top. All results are consistent with the diffusion of O from the Al2O3 substrate, sometimes covering a distance of several tens of micrometres. The O donor is compensated by Ga vacancy acceptors, known to exist from positron annihilation experiments. However, Raman and CL profiling show that the poor interface region ends rather abruptly, giving excellent material near the top (Ga) face. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon 440600, South Korea. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 16 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 48 BP 13337 EP 13344 AR PII S0953-8984(02)54171-0 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/48/386 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 630CZ UT WOS:000180091100087 ER PT J AU Dayton, D Gonglewski, J Restaino, S Martin, J Phillips, J Hartman, M Browne, S Kervin, P Snodgrass, J Heimann, N Shilko, M Pohle, R Carrion, B Smith, C Thiel, D AF Dayton, D Gonglewski, J Restaino, S Martin, J Phillips, J Hartman, M Browne, S Kervin, P Snodgrass, J Heimann, N Shilko, M Pohle, R Carrion, B Smith, C Thiel, D TI Demonstration of new technology MEMS and liquid crystal adaptive optics on bright astronomical objects and satellites SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; WAVE-FRONT CORRECTION; MEMBRANE MIRROR; PHASE MODULATOR; SYSTEM AB We present here results using two novel adaptive optic elements, an electro-static membrane mirror, and a dual frequency nematic liquid crystal. These devices have the advantage of low cost, low power consumption, and compact size. Possible applications of the devices are astronomical adaptive optics, laser beam control, laser cavity mode control, and real time holography. Field experiments were performed on the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate's 3.67 meter AMOS telescope on Maui, Hawaii. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Opt Sci Co, Anaheim, CA 92806 USA. AF Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Maui, HI 96753 USA. ITT Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Textron Syst, Maui, HI 96753 USA. Boeing Maui, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Dayton, D (reprint author), Appl Technol Associates, 1300 Britt SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 16 PY 2002 VL 10 IS 25 BP 1508 EP 1519 DI 10.1364/OE.10.001508 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 626CT UT WOS:000179855300010 PM 19461686 ER PT J AU Basun, SA Evans, DR Bunning, TJ Guha, S Barnes, JO Cook, G Meltzer, RS AF Basun, SA Evans, DR Bunning, TJ Guha, S Barnes, JO Cook, G Meltzer, RS TI Optical absorption spectroscopy of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in LiNbO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE; CRYSTALS; IRON AB We provide a method to measure concentrations of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in LiNbO3. The method, based only on optical absorption spectroscopy, provides a convenient means to determine the absorption cross sections for Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, along with an independent measurement of the Fe2+ and Fe3+ concentrations in a given LiNbO3 crystal. The absorption cross section of the Fe2+ ions found by this method correlated well with a previously measured value. The cross section of the Fe3+ ions was obtained. It was also found that in some samples a significant fraction of Fe ions did not contribute to the absorption in the visible. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Def Sci & Technol Lab, Great Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Basun, SA (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 12 BP 7051 EP 7055 DI 10.1063/1.1519951 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 619UD UT WOS:000179495100012 ER PT J AU Wysmolek, A Korona, KP Stepniewski, R Baranowski, JM Bloniarz, J Potemski, M Jones, RL Look, DC Kuhl, J Park, SS Lee, SK AF Wysmolek, A Korona, KP Stepniewski, R Baranowski, JM Bloniarz, J Potemski, M Jones, RL Look, DC Kuhl, J Park, SS Lee, SK TI Recombination of excitons bound to oxygen and silicon donors in freestanding GaN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HOMOEPITAXIAL GAN; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SHALLOW DONORS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; REFLECTANCE; LAYERS; MAGNETOSPECTROSCOPY; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The neutral donor bound exciton recombination processes in freestanding GaN have been studied. The photoluminescence spectrum shows emission lines related to silicon and oxygen donors. Time-resolved luminescence allows us to correlate the principal donor bound exciton lines with their two-electron satellites. The magnetic field splitting of the two-electron lines is well described by the theory of the hydrogen atom in a magnetic field. For the oxygen donor a 1.5 meV chemical shift and a 30.8 meV effective Rydberg have been evaluated. Two-electron satellites involving excitations to the 2p and 2s donor states are separated by an energy of 1.0 and 1.3 meV for O and Si impurity, respectively. The temperature dependence of the two-electron emission clearly shows that this separation arises from a splitting of the ground state of the neutral donor bound exciton complex. The nature of this splitting is discussed and it is suggested that it is due to rotational states of donor bound excitons. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. CNRS, MPI, FKF, Grenoble High Magnet Field Lab, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon, South Korea. RP Wysmolek, A (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 29 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 24 AR 245317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.245317 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 634BB UT WOS:000180319200053 ER PT J AU Guffin, J Nixon, G Javorsek, D Colafrancesco, S Fischbach, E AF Guffin, J Nixon, G Javorsek, D Colafrancesco, S Fischbach, E TI Astrophysical detection of heavy-particle-induced spectral shifts in muonic iron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED SUPERSYMMETRY-BREAKING; ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; VACUUM POLARIZATION; SUSY BREAKING; DARK-MATTER; ATOMS; CONSTRAINTS; GALAXIES; CLUSTERS; NUCLEI AB By significantly increasing the nuclear mass, a strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) bound to an iron nucleus would cause a characteristic change in the spectrum of muonic iron. At temperatures high enough that such atoms are completely stripped of electrons, the effect is directly observable as a 0.2% shift in the energies of high angular momentum states. This phenomenon provides a new test for the existence of SIMPs, which have been proposed as dark matter candidates, and as candidates for the lightest supersymmetric particle. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. USAF, Sheppard AFB, TX 76311 USA. Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM guffin@uiuc.edu; gnixon@princeton.edu; javorsek@hotmail.com; cola@coma.mporzio.astro.it; ephraim@physics.purdue.edu OI Javorsek, Daniel/0000-0002-0329-4011 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 12 AR 123508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.123508 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 634AL UT WOS:000180317800021 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Williams, S Arnold, ST Seeley, JV Friedman, JF AF Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Williams, S Arnold, ST Seeley, JV Friedman, JF TI Reaction of O-2(+)+C8H10 (ethylbenzene) as a function of pressure and temperature: A study of the collisional stabilization of the reactant intermediate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ION FLOW TUBE; TIME-RESOLVED PHOTODISSOCIATION; CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MOLECULE REACTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; RATE CONSTANTS; IONIZATION; COEFFICIENTS; NAPHTHALENE AB Rate constants and branching fractions for the reaction Of O-2(+) with C8H10 (ethylbenzene) have been measured in the recently upgraded turbulent ion flow tube (TIFT) and are reported here as a function of temperature from 423 to 573 K and number density from 3 x 10(17) to 25 x 10(17) molecules cm(-3). The results reported here represent the first measurements to be made on this instrument as a function of both temperature and pressure. The rate constants for the reaction Of O-2(+) with C8H10 are collisional and exhibit no appreciable variation with temperature or pressure. The reaction proceeds primarily by dissociative and nondissociative charge transfer forming two main product ions, namely, C8H10+ and C7H7+. The ratio Of [C8H10+] to [C7H7](+) depends strongly on both the buffer gas number density and the temperature. Increasing the number density increases the abundance Of C8H10+, indicating that collisional stabilization of the charge transfer excited state is occurring. Measurements were made using both He and N-2 buffers. Nitrogen is almost twice as efficient at stabilizing the charge transfer product than is He. A simple model predicts the ratio of [C8H10+] to [C7H7+] to depend linearly on number density, which is consistent with the experimental results. At a constant number density, the abundance Of C7H7+ increases with temperature. A small amount of thermal dissociation of C8H10+ has been observed at 573 K. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Oakland Univ, Dept Chem, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 12 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 49 BP 11917 EP 11922 DI 10.1021/jp026780a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 623YG UT WOS:000179732000008 ER PT J AU Huang, CY Burke, WJ Machuzak, JS Gentile, LC Sultan, PJ AF Huang, CY Burke, WJ Machuzak, JS Gentile, LC Sultan, PJ TI Equatorial plasma bubbles observed by DMSP satellites during a full solar cycle: Toward a global climatology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasma bubbles; solar cycle ID F-LAYER IRREGULARITIES; ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SPREAD-F; MAGNETIC STORM; JUNE 4-6; DRIFTS; MODEL; ELECTRODYNAMICS; MAGNETOSPHERE; SCINTILLATION AB [1] We have examined more than 75,000 latitudinal profiles of plasma densities measured by ion detectors on five Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites in the evening local time (LT) sector between 1989 and 2001. This survey established detection frequencies of equatorial bubbles (EPBs) at 840 km over the recent solar cycle. The annual rate of EPB detections decreased by more than an order of magnitude from >1000 during solar maximum to <100 during solar minimum years. EPB data were divided into 24 longitude sectors to determine seasonal and solar cycle variability in rates of encounter by DMSP. During the ascending and descending portions of the solar cycle, each longitude sector showed repeatable seasonal variations. The envelope of seasonally averaged rates of EPB encounters resembles the solar cycle variability for similar averages of the F-10.7 index. On both global and longitude sector scale sizes, annual rates of EPB encounters correlate with the yearly averages of F-10.7. We also find that throughout the solar cycle the EPB detections were overrepresented during times of high geomagnetic activity signified by Kp &GE; 5. During solar minimum years, about one third of the EPBs occurred when traces of the Dst index had significant negative slopes (dDst/dt &LE; -5 nT/hr). This suggests that electric field penetration of the inner magnetosphere is responsible for driving many EPBs. Comparisons of plasma and neutral density profiles in the evening sector, calculated using the Parameterized Ionospheric Model (PIM) and MSIS-86 Model, indicate that the height of the bottomside of the F layer is >100 km lower during solar minimum than solar maximum. However, the overall effect is to increase the growth rate of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability at solar maximum in the bottomside F layer only by about a factor of 2. We suggest that the variability of electric fields in the postsunset equatorial ionosphere is the source of the observed discrepancy between EPB detections under solar maximum/minimum conditions. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Huang, CY (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 402 St Clements Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. NR 38 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A12 AR 1434 DI 10.1029/2002JA009452 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 649AK UT WOS:000181184600004 ER PT J AU Gurevich, AV Zybin, KP Carlson, HC Pedersen, T AF Gurevich, AV Zybin, KP Carlson, HC Pedersen, T TI Magnetic zenith effect in ionospheric modifications SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID POWERFUL RADIO-WAVES; INDUCED LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; AIRGLOW ENHANCEMENTS; ARTIFICIAL AIRGLOW; SMOOTH IONOSPHERE; F-REGION; STRIATIONS; ALTITUDE; THERMOSPHERE; ELECTRONS AB The theory of ionospheric modification for the beam of powerful radio emission directed along magnetic field lines is developed. Nonlinear process of beam self-focusing on striations is shown to determine strong amplification of heating and acceleration of plasma electrons. It results in a dramatic enhancement of optic emission from the magnetic zenith region in ionospheric F-layer. An excellent agreement between the theory and recent fundamental observations at HAARP facility (Alaska) [T. Pedersen et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. (2002), in press] is demonstrated. (C) 2002 Elsevier SCience,B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Gurevich, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. RI Zybin, Kirill/K-8619-2015; Gurevich, Aleksandr/K-8668-2015 OI Gurevich, Aleksandr/0000-0003-1125-9774 NR 33 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 9 PY 2002 VL 305 IS 5 BP 264 EP 274 AR PII S0375-9601(02)01450-0 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(02)01450-0 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 624YU UT WOS:000179790500009 ER PT J AU Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Moen, J Denig, WF AF Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Moen, J Denig, WF TI The cusp in rapid transition SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE auroral phenomena; particle precipitation; magnetopause; cusp and boundary layers; solar-wind magnetosphere interaction; polar arcs ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; NORTH-SOUTH COMPONENT; LOBE CELL CONVECTION; IMF B-Y; HIGH-LATITUDE; SOLAR-WIND; POLAR-CAP; RESPONSE-TIME; AURORA; EXCITATION AB [1] We report on a transitional state of the Northern Hemisphere winter cusp following a strong bipolar rotation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) from south to north ( - 20 to 20 nT in 8 min). We combine ground optical data (meridian scanning photometer and an all-sky camera at Ny Alesund, Svalbard (76degreesMLAT)) with magnetometer and particle precipitation data (ions and electrons) and ion drift observations obtained during an overpass of spacecraft DMSP F13. The isolated IMF signature (southward turning followed by northward turning) excited a specific two-phase response in the cusp ionosphere, consisting of an initial 5 min long activation of the type 1 (southward IMF) cusp aurora which was followed by a type 2 (northward IMF) aurora of similar duration, located at slighty higher latitude. The type 1 aurora persisted during this phase but at diminished intensity. The type 2 aurora was accompanied by the excitation of a double arc with very strong green line emission at the poleward boundary of the cusp. These signatures are ascribed to a rapid transition in the IMF-magnetosphere interconnection geometry, with an initial pulse of enhanced reconnection rate at subcusp latitudes being followed by an event at high latitudes. The most important findings are (1) the rapid (2 min long) transition between the two distinct cusp states, (2) the attendant excitation of discrete auroral arcs in the region of strong flow shear at the poleward boundary of the northward IMF (B-z >> 0; B-y >> 0) cusp, and (3) the existence of a bifurcated cusp geometry during the latter IMF condition. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 6 PY 2002 VL 107 IS A12 AR 1427 DI 10.1029/2001JA009214 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 646GJ UT WOS:000181027000002 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Williams, S Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA AF Midey, AJ Williams, S Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA TI Reactions of H3O+(H2O)(0,1) with alkylbenzenes from 298 to 1200 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ION FLOW TUBE; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETER; KINETIC-ENERGY DEPENDENCE; PROTONATED WATER CLUSTERS; CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; TRACE GAS-ANALYSIS; RATE CONSTANTS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; MOLECULE REACTIONS; PHASE ION AB Rate constants and branching fractions have been measured for the reactions of H3O+ and H3O+(H2O) with toluene (C7H8), ethylbenzene (C8H10), and n-propylbenzene (C9H12) as a function of temperature using a variable temperature-selected ion flow tube (VT-SIFT) and a high-temperature flowing afterglow (HTFA). The reactions have been studied up to 1200, 1000, and 900 K for toluene, ethylbenzene, and n-propylbenzene, respectively. The measurements are the first for H3O+(H2O) with these reactants. The H3O+ + alkylbenzene reaction rate constants are equal to the collision rate constants given by the Su-Chesnavich equation at all temperatures. Both nondissociative and dissociative proton-transfer products are observed. H3O+ reacts with toluene above 900 K to produce C7H9+, C7H7+, and C6H5+ predominately, whereas only C7H9+ is observed at lower temperatures. Proton transfer from H3O+ to ethylbenzene produces C8H11+ exclusively at 300 K, and by 800 K, C6H7+ is the major product with only minor amounts of C8H11+ and C7H7+ being formed. Both nondissociative and dissociative proton-transfer products are observed at all temperatures for H3O+ reacting with propylbenzene producing C9H13+ as the major product at low temperatures and C6H7+ and C3H7+ as the major products at temperatures above 650 K, with minor amounts Of C7H7 + observed at all temperatures. For all three alkylbenzenes reacting with H3O+(H2O), nondissociative proton transfer dominates at low temperature; however, at 300 K, an association complex of all three alkylbenzenes with H3O(H2O) is observed (14-18%). At higher temperatures, dissociative proton transfer is observed for H3O+(H20) reacting with ethyl- and propylbenzene with similar product yields as observed in the H3O+ reactions. All of the H3O+(H20) + alkylbenzene proton-transfer reactions are fast even though the proton affinity of H3O+(H20) is 140 kJ mol(-1) less than that of H3O+ making the H3O+(H2O) reactions endothermic. More specifically, the rate constant for the reaction of H3O(H2O) With toluene is ca. half the collision rate constant at 300 K and equal to the collision rate constant at temperatures above 300 K even though the reaction is endothermic by 25 U mol(-1). Similarly, the reaction rate constants for H3O(H2O) reacting with ethyl- and propylbenzene are equal to the collision rate constant at all temperatures despite being endothermic by 21 and 19 kJ mol(-1), respectively. Therefore, predictions based simply on reaction energetics would severely underestimate the reactivity of H3O+(H2O) with these alkylbenzenes. The possibilities of neutral water dimer production, ligand switching, uncertainties in the thermochemical data, and decomposition of the ionic products are considered to rationalize the observation of proton transfer wh C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Midey, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 60 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 48 BP 11726 EP 11738 DI 10.1021/jp014141e PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 621YE UT WOS:000179617900007 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Williams, S Miller, TM Larsen, PT Viggiano, AA AF Midey, AJ Williams, S Miller, TM Larsen, PT Viggiano, AA TI Investigation of the reaction Of O-3(+) with N-2 and O-2 from 100 to 298 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; COMPLEXES; ENERGY; CATION; OZONE; O3+ AB The kinetics of the reaction of O-3(+) with N-2 and O-2 have been studied at 100 and 298 K in a variable temperature-selected ion flow tube (VT-SIFT). The rate constants for 031 reacting with N2 measured in the VT-SIFT are slow, proceeding at <5 x 10(-13) cm(3) s(-1) at both temperatures, in disagreement with recent measurements by Cacace et al.(1) of the total rate constant of ca.1.7 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) at 298 K. However, a N2O3+ intermediate postulated to be involved in the reaction has been observed at 100 K, in agreement with the previous experimental and theoretical results. Rate constants for the reaction of O-3(+) with O-2 at 100 and 298 K have also been measured in the VT-SIFT. The O-2 reaction rate constants are 3.1 x 10(-10) and 2.9 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) at 100 and 298 K, respectively, which are ca. half of the Langevin collision rate constant. Discrepancies between the current results and those of Cacace et al. in regard to the rate constants measured and the N2O+ product ions observed are discussed in light of newer data for the O-3(+) chemistry and the contributions of excited-state species. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Midey, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 48 BP 11739 EP 11742 DI 10.1021/jp020311r PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 621YE UT WOS:000179617900008 ER PT J AU Vij, A Tham, FS Vij, V Wilson, WW Christe, KO AF Vij, A Tham, FS Vij, V Wilson, WW Christe, KO TI Structures of the BrF4+ and IF4+ cations SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB The large discrepancies between the calculated and observed structures for BrF4+ and IF4+ (Christe, K. O.; Zhang, X.; Sheehy, J. A.; Bau, R. J Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 6338) prompted a redetermination of the crystal structures of BrF4+Sb2F11- (monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 5.2289(6) Angstrom, b = 14.510(2) Angstrom, c = 14.194(2) Angstrom, beta = 90.280(1)degrees, Z = 4) and IF4+SbF6- (orthorhombic, Ibca, a = 8.2702(9) Angstrom, b = 8.3115(g) Angstrom, c = 20.607(2) Angstrom, Z = 8). It is shown that for BrF4+, the large differences were mainly due to large errors in the original experimental data. For IF4+SbF6-, the geometry previously reported for IF4+ was reasonably close to that found in this study despite a very large R-factor of 0.15 and a refinement in an incorrect space group. The general agreement between the calculated and the redetermined geometries of BrF4+ and IF4+ is excellent, except for the preferential compression of one bond angle in each ion due to the influence of interionic fluorine bridges. In BrF4+, the fluorine bridges are equatorial and compress this angle. In IF4+, the nature of the fluorine bridges depends on the counterion, and either the axial (in IF4+SbF6-) or the equatorial (in IF4+Sb2F11-) bond angle is preferentially compressed, Therefore, the geometries of the free ions are best described by the theoretical calculations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 24 BP 6397 EP 6403 DI 10.1021/ic025900q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 620NV UT WOS:000179540200034 PM 12444783 ER PT J AU Webb, RR AF Webb, Robert R. TI Mastering the Instructional Design Process: A Systematic Approach, 2nd edition SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT LEARNING & EDUCATION LA English DT Book Review C1 [Webb, Robert R.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Webb, RR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 USA SN 1537-260X J9 ACAD MANAG LEARN EDU JI Acad. Manag. Learn. Educ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 1 IS 2 BP 220 EP 221 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Management SC Education & Educational Research; Business & Economics GA V20HJ UT WOS:000208130800011 ER PT J AU Neiberg, MS AF Neiberg, MS TI Rhetoric and reality in air warfare: The evolution of British and American ideas about strategic bombing, 1914-1945. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Neiberg, MS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 107 IS 5 BP 1531 EP 1532 DI 10.1086/532869 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 627FG UT WOS:000179922300019 ER PT J AU Shry, EA Dacus, J Van De Groaff, E Hjelkrem, M Stajduhar, KC Steinhubl, SR AF Shry, EA Dacus, J Van De Groaff, E Hjelkrem, M Stajduhar, KC Steinhubl, SR TI Usefulness of the response to sublingual nitroglycerin as a predictor of ischemic chest pain in the emergency department SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESOPHAGEAL; DIFFERENTIATION; HISTORY; DISEASE AB In 223 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with ongoing chest pain, >90% of patients had improvement in their pain after receiving nitroglycerin, and >70% had complete resolution of their symptoms. Nitroglycerin response was not related to cardiac pathology as determined by conventional testing, and the practice of supporting or excluding the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia should therefore not be based on a patient's response to nitroglycerin. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, MCHE, MDC, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Shry, EA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, MCHE, MDC, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 90 IS 11 BP 1264 EP + AR PII S0002-9149(02)02850-3 DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02850-3 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 621YN UT WOS:000179618800020 PM 12450614 ER PT J AU Hagge, MS Wong, RDM Lindemuth, JS AF Hagge, MS Wong, RDM Lindemuth, JS TI Retention of posts luted with phosphate monomer-based composite cement in canals obturated using a eugenol sealer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOND STRENGTH; TEMPORARY CEMENTS; DENTIN; SYSTEMS; RESIN AB Purpose: To examine the effect post-obturation sequencing had on retention of endodontic posts luted with a phosphate monomer-based resin cement into canals previously obturated using a eugenol-based sealer. Materials and Methods: 64 single-rooted teeth were decoronated, and root canals were filed, cleaned, and shaped with a size 5 Gates Glidden drill and 0.12 taper rotary instrumentation. Teeth were then divided into 4 groups of 16 specimens each. Group 1 was not obturated, and served as a control. The other three groups were obturated with gutta percha and a eugenol-based sealer. Post space preparation and post cementation were completed at three different post-obturation intervals immediate (Group 2), 1 week (Group 3), and 4 weeks (Group 4). Ten-mm deep post spaces were prepared with a size 6 Gates Glidden drill, and size 5 Paraposts were cemented with Panavia 21 OP. Following 48-hour of storage, specimens were mounted in PVC pipe with acrylic, and the posts were removed in tensile mode using a universal testing machine at 1 min min(-1), with data recorded in kilograms. Results: Group 1 (controls) mean = 61.80, SD = 16.21; Group 2 (immediate) mean = 38.70, SD = 12.97; Group 3 (1 week) mean = 43.15, SD = 14.66; Group 4 (4 weeks) mean = 18.82, SD = 8.00. Using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests, Group 1 demonstrated significantly greater mean retention strength values than Groups 2 and 3 (P<0.05), which in turn had significantly greater mean retention strength values than Group 4 (P<0.05). C1 Univ Pacific, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. Univ Pacific, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. USAF, Dent Corps, DS MRDG 59, Lackland AFB, TX USA. 60 DS SGDD, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Hagge, MS (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, 2155 Webster St,Suite 522B, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. EM mhagge@sf.uop.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSHER & LINDER, INC PI WESTON PA 318 INDIAN TRACE #500, WESTON, FL 33326 USA SN 0894-8275 J9 AM J DENT JI Am. J. Dent. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 15 IS 6 BP 378 EP 382 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 657UE UT WOS:000181684100007 PM 12691274 ER PT J AU Boxwell, DA AF Boxwell, DA TI Stephen Crane's blue badge of courage SO AMERICAN LITERARY REALISM LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Boxwell, DA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1325 S OAK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA SN 0002-9823 J9 AM LIT REALISM JI Am. Lit. Realism PD WIN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 180 EP 181 PG 2 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA 516CE UT WOS:000173533500012 ER PT J AU Coleman, NV Mattes, TE Gossett, JM Spain, JC AF Coleman, NV Mattes, TE Gossett, JM Spain, JC TI Phylogenetic and kinetic diversity of aerobic vinyl chloride-assimilating bacteria from contaminated sites SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTIVELY DECHLORINATES TETRACHLOROETHENE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE OXIDATION; METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS; XANTHOBACTER STRAIN; MYCOBACTERIUM SP; DEGRADATION; METABOLISM; MONOOXYGENASE AB Aerobic bacteria that grow on vinyl chloride (VC) have been isolated previously, but their diversity and distribution are largely unknown. It is also unclear whether such bacteria contribute to the natural attenuation of VC at chlorinated-ethene-contaminated sites. We detected aerobic VC biodegradation in 23 of 37 microcosms and enrichments inoculated with samples from various sites. Twelve different bacteria (11 Mycobacterium strains and 1 Nocardioides strain) capable of growth on VC as the sole carbon source were isolated, and 5 representative strains were examined further. All the isolates grew on ethene in addition to VC and contained VC-inducible ethene monooxygenase activity. The Mycobacterium strains (JS60, JS61, JS616, and JS617) all had similar growth yields (5.4 to 6.6 g of protein/mol), maximum specific growth rates (0.17 to 0.23 day(-1)), and maximum specific substrate utilization rates (9 to 16 nmol/min/mg of protein) with VC. The Nocardioides strain (JS614) had a higher growth yield (10.3 g of protein/mol), growth rate (0.71 day(-1)), and substrate utilization rate (43 nmol/min/mg of protein) with VC but was much more sensitive to VC starvation. Half-velocity constant (K-s) values for VC were between 0.5 and 3.2 muM, while K-s values for oxygen ranged from 0.03 to 0.3 mg/liter. Our results indicate that aerobic VC-degrading microorganisms (predominantly Mycobacterium strains) are widely distributed at sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents and are likely to be responsible for the natural attenuation of VC. C1 USAF, Res Lab MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab MLQL, Bldg 1117,139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 61 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 68 IS 12 BP 6162 EP 6171 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.12.6162-6171.2002 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 619WP UT WOS:000179500700045 PM 12450841 ER PT J AU Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA Fischer, MD Kannan, N AF Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA Fischer, MD Kannan, N TI Enhancement of preoxygenation for decompression sickness protection: Effect of exercise duration SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE altitude; DCS; VGE; emboli; decompression sickness; exercise; denitrogenation; preoxygenation; prebreathe ID BUBBLES AB Introduction: Since strenuous exercise for 10 min during preoxygenation was shown to provide better protection from decompression sickness (DCS) incidence than resting preoxygenation, a logical question was: would a longer period of strenuous exercise improve protection even further? Hypothesis: increased strenuous exercise duration during preoxygenation increases DCS protection. Methods: There were 60 subjects, 30 men and 30 women, who were exposed to 9144 m (4.3 psia) for 4 h while performing mild, upper body exercise. Before the exposures, each subject performed three preoxygenation profiles on different days in balanced order: a 90-min resting preoxygenation control; a 240-min resting preoxygenation control; and a 90-min preoxygenation including exercise during the first 15 min. The subjects were monitored at altitude for venous gas emboli (VGE) with an echo-imaging system and observed for signs and symptoms of DCS. Results: There were no significant differences in occurrence of DCS following any of the three preoxygenation procedures. Results were also comparable to an earlier report of 42% DCS with a 60-min preoxygenation including a 1 0-min exercise. There was no difference between VGE incidence in the comparison of protection offered by a 90-min preoxygenation with or without 15 min of strenuous exercise. The DCS incidence following a 240-min resting preoxygenation, 40%, was higher than observed during NASA studies and nearly identical with the earlier 42% DCS after a 60-min preoxygenation including exercise during the first 10 min. Conclusion: The protection offered by a 10 min exercise in a 60-min preoxygenation was not increased with extension of the preoxygenation exercise period to 15 min in a 90-min preoxygenation, indicating an upper time limit to the beneficial effects of strenuous exercise. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst & Serv, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Div Math & Stat, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Webb, JT (reprint author), Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst & Serv, 13818 Chittim Oak, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1161 EP 1166 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 623UA UT WOS:000179720200002 PM 12498543 ER EF