FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bhushan, B Halasz, A Spain, JC Hawari, M AF Bhushan, B Halasz, A Spain, JC Hawari, M TI Initial reaction(s) in biotransformation of CL-20 is catalyzed by salicylate 1-monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp strain ATCC 29352 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL ANAEROBIC SLUDGE; NITRAMINE EXPLOSIVES RDX; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; RHODOCOCCUS SP; BIODEGRADATION; MECHANISM; HYDROXYLASE; METABOLITES; INSIGHTS; DN22 AB CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane) (C(6)H(6)N(12)O(12)), a future-generation high-energy explosive, is biodegradable by Pseudomonas sp. strain FA1 and Agrobacterium sp. strain JS71; however, the nature of the enzyme(s) involved in the process was not understood. In the present study, salicylate I-monooxygenase, a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-containing purified enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. strain ATCC 29352, biotransformed CL-20 at rates of 0.256 +/- 0.011 and 0.043 +/- 0.003 nmol min(-1) mg of protein(-1) under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. The disappearance of CL-20 was accompanied by the release of nitrite ions. Using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in the negative electrospray ionization mode, we detected a metabolite with a deprotonated mass ion [M - H](-) at 345 Da, corresponding to an empirical formula of C(6)H(6)N(10)O(8), produced as a result of two sequential N denitration steps on the CL-20 molecule. We also detected two isomeric metabolites with [M - H](-) at 381 Da corresponding to an empirical formula of C(6)H(10)N(10)O(10). The latter was a hydrated product of the metabolite C(6)H(6)N(10)O(8) with addition of two H(2)O molecules, as confirmed by tests using (18)O-labeled water. The product stoichiometry showed that each reacted CL-20 molecule produced about 1.7 nitrite ions, 3.2 molecules of nitrous oxide, 1.5 molecules of formic acid, and 0.6 ammonium ion. Diphenyliodonium-mediated inhibition of salicylate 1-monooxygenase and a comparative study between native, deflavo, and reconstituted enzyme(s) showed that FAD site of the enzyme was involved in the biotransformation of CL-20 catalyzed by salicylate 1-monooxygenase. The data suggested that salicylate 1-monooxygenase catalyzed two oxygen-sensitive single-electron transfer steps necessary to release two nitrite ions from CL-20 and that this was followed by the secondary decomposition of this energetic chemical. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Hawari, M (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. EM jalal.hawari@nrc.ca NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 4040 EP 4047 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4040-4047.2004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 839BP UT WOS:000222758600034 PM 15240281 ER PT J AU Hill, K Van, T AF Hill, K Van, T TI Fast converging graded mesh for bodies of revolution with tip singularities SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE tip singularity; graded mesh; optimal convergence; integral equations; method of moments; radar cross section ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING AB In this paper, we study the plane wave scattering from perfectly electric conducting (PEC) bodies of revolution (BOR) with tip singularities. It is known that solutions to surface integral equations such as magnetic, electric, and combined field integral equations (MFIE, EFIE, and CFIE, respectively) are singular near the tips. Consequently, the convergence of method of moments (MoM) based on those surface integral equations is not optimal or guaranteed. By using appropriate graded meshes, one can retain the optimal convergence rate in MoM. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mission Res Corp, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. RP Hill, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2591 K St,AFRL SNS WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 93 EP 99 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 953QR UT WOS:000231094700004 ER PT J AU Ikeno, F Abizaid, A Suzuki, T Rezaee, M Patterson, GR Yeung, AC Virmani, R Sousa, JE Carter, AJ AF Ikeno, F Abizaid, A Suzuki, T Rezaee, M Patterson, GR Yeung, AC Virmani, R Sousa, JE Carter, AJ TI Initial experience with the novel 6 Fr-compatible system for debulking De Novo coronary arterial lesions SO CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article DE atherectomy; coronary artery disease; percutaneous coronary intervention ID INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; PLAQUE BURDEN; ATHERECTOMY; STENT; HYPERPLASIA AB The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a novel system for debulking of de novo native coronary arterial lesions. The Helixciser De Novo system is a novel 6 Fr-compatible catheter with a cutter encased in a slotted-orifice housing to excise atheromatous plaque. The cutter rotates at 15,000 rpm, debulking the plaque as it tracks through the lesion over a straight wire or a self-expanding nitinol helical-shaped wire. The tissue is aspirated via an Archimedes screw pump to vacuum collection chamber. The device was evaluated in a porcine toxic coronary stent model of chronic occlusion and in five patients with focal de novo native coronary arterial lesions. Procedural variables along with outcomes were reviewed. Quantitative angiography (QCA) and volumetric intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis were performed. In a porcine model of chronic occlusion, QCA demonstrated pretreatment minimal lumen diameter (MLD) increased from 0.77 +/- 0.59 to 1.88 +/- 0.25 mm postdebulking. IVUS analysis demonstrated pretreatment lumen volume (LV) increased from 15.8 +/- 22.2 to 46.4 +/- 28.9 mm(3) postdebulking. In human clinical feasibility cases, QCA demonstrated pretreatment MLD increased from 0.96 +/- 0.40 to 2.04 +/- 0.19 mm postdebulking. IVUS analysis demonstrated pretreatment LV increased from 38.40 +/- 12.78 to 52.05 +/- 15.68 mm(3) postdebulking. Preliminary results document the feasibility of Helixcision De Novo for treatment of focal de novo native coronary arterial lesions. Quantitative angiographic and IVUS analysis indicate that this system can effectively debulk plaque from selected noncalcified atherosclerotic lesions and thus may represent an alternative treatment strategy for coronary artery disease. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Providence St Vincents Med Ctr, Portland, OR 97225 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Inst Dante Pazzanese, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Prolifix Med Inc, Sunnyvale, CA USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Carter, AJ (reprint author), Providence St Vincents Med Ctr, Portland, OR 97225 USA. EM acarter@providence.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1522-1946 J9 CATHETER CARDIO INTE JI Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 62 IS 3 BP 308 EP 317 DI 10.1002/ccd.20085 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 834JR UT WOS:000222407900008 PM 15224296 ER PT J AU Kar, T Akdim, B Duan, XF Pachter, R AF Kar, T Akdim, B Duan, XF Pachter, R TI A theoretical study of functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes: ONIOM calculations SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; PREDICTION; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; ADSORPTION; SURFACE AB In this study, we employed ONIOM calculations to study functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), for assessing an appropriate level of theory for accurate binding energies calculations, particularly by considering ozone adsorption and arylation. Although ONION! models reproduced the binding energies and geometries in relatively good agreement with the density functional theory B3LYP/6-31G* values in some cases, the 'same level different basis set' (SLDB) protocol, was shown to be more appropriate for studying SWCNTs, as the pi-network was preserved. We also found that sidewall functionalization deforms the tube significantly, and the use of any lower level methods could not describe bond breaking/forming appropriately. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kar, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, ML279, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tapaskar@cc.usu.edu; Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 392 IS 1-3 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.015 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 834IT UT WOS:000222405500032 ER PT J AU Repine, T Osswald, M AF Repine, T Osswald, M TI Menorrhagia due to a qualitative deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: Case report and literature review SO CLINICAL AND APPLIED THROMBOSIS-HEMOSTASIS LA English DT Review DE PAI-1; plasminogen; bleeding; menorrhagia ID BLEEDING DIATHESIS; TYPE-1; MUTATION; GENE AB A case is presented of a 26-year-old woman who was referred to the hematology clinic because of her report of a family history of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) deficiency. Since menarche, she had suffered from severe menorrhagia, but she had assumed that this was unrelated to her mother's history of repeated life-threatening bleeding. Her menorraghia was evident by using greater than 100 pads per period, bleeding as long as 4 continuous months, and even bleeding through her clothes despite using both tampons and pads. Evaluation with pelvic examination, endometrial biopsy, and pelvic ultrasound was unremarkable. Medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment for her dysfunctional uterine bleeding was unsuccessful. Laboratory evaluation revealed iron deficiency anemia but otherwise normal platelets, bleeding time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and vonWillebrand's studies. Despite any preconceptions, examination for a fibrinolytic defect ultimately demonstrated a PAI-1 antigen level of 11.4 ng/mL (4.0-43 ng/mL) and PAI-1 activity less than 5 AU/mL (5-37 AU/mL) and clinically supported a diagnosis of a hereditary, qualitative PAI-1 defect. She was treated with aminocaproic acid with return to relatively normal menses. Future treatment should also prevent excessive bleeding during trauma, surgery, or childbirth. Further evaluation of this patient and her family is planned and may help elucidate the important role of PAI-1 in the complicated balance between hemostasis and hemorrhage. C1 USA, Brooke Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Repine, T (reprint author), USA, Brooke Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Clin, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM thomas.repine@cen.amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC PI GLEN HEAD PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 USA SN 1076-0296 J9 CLIN APPL THROMB-HEM JI Clin. Appl. Thromb.-Hemost. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3 BP 293 EP 296 DI 10.1177/107602960401000316 PG 4 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 841PI UT WOS:000222942700016 PM 15247991 ER PT J AU Daibog, EI Logachev, YI Kahler, SW Kecskemety, K AF Daibog, EI Logachev, YI Kahler, SW Kecskemety, K TI Sequences of solar events with identical decays as a tool for isolating quasistationary states in the interplanetary space SO COSMIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COSMIC-RAYS; PARTICLES AB Time profile of the fluxes of energetic solar particles generated by solar flares (including their phase of decline) is formed to a large extent by the structure of the interplanetary magnetic field and its irregularities that move away from the Sun with the solar wind velocity. When propagation is a pure diffusion, the solar particle fluxes decay after the maximum in a power-law manner. At the same time in many cases this decay is exponential, which is indicative of a considerable role played by the convective sweep of particles and their adiabatic deceleration in the expanding solar wind. In this paper we consider the events with long exponential decays and newly discovered series of successive events with identical exponential decays lasting for one to two weeks or more. They allow us to assume that the interplanetary space is stable and homogeneous during this period. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Direct, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. KFKI, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-125 Budapest, Hungary. RP Daibog, EI (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PI NEW YORK PA C/O KLUWER ACADEMIC-PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0010-9525 J9 COSMIC RES+ JI Cosmic Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 362 EP 369 DI 10.1023/B:COSM.0000039735.35134.70 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 857VI UT WOS:000224146700006 ER PT J AU Harrington, AC Cheyney, JM Kinsley-Scott, T Willard, RJ AF Harrington, AC Cheyney, JM Kinsley-Scott, T Willard, RJ TI A novel digital tourniquet using a sterile glove and hemostat SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SAFE AB BACKGROUND. Surgery of the digit is facilitated with adequate hemostasis for visualization of the operative field. Several types of tourniquets have been used for this purpose, including glove fingers, Penrose drains, Marmed digital tourniquets, and standard pneumatic tourniquets. OBJECTIVE. To present a novel method to achieve hemostasis during surgery of the digit. MATERIALS. A slightly oversized sterile glove, a hemostat, and a pair of scissors. CONCLUSION. We present a novel method to achieve hemostasis using a sterile glove and a hemostat, that allows the surgeon to methodically titrate the amount of compression necessary to attain a bloodless field while minimizing the risks of excessive pressures. Surgery of the digit is facilitated with adequate hemostasis for visualization of the operative field. Several types of tourniquets have been used for this purpose, including glove fingers, Penrose drains, Marmed digital tourniquets, and standard pneumatic tourniquets. We present a novel method to achieve hemostasis using a sterile glove and a hemostat that allows the surgeon to methodically titrate the amount of compression necessary to attain a bloodless field while minimizing the risks of excessive pressures. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Dermatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Dermatol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Harrington, AC (reprint author), Dermatol Mohs Surg, 101 Ridgely Ave,No 10, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM al-bethbethesda@aol.com NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 30 IS 7 BP 1065 EP 1067 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30314.x PG 3 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 831PC UT WOS:000222205700019 PM 15209803 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F AF Szmulowicz, F TI Solvable coupled Hamiltonian for a periodic potential SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALSB/INAS HETEROSTRUCTURES AB Particle motion in a periodic potential is well known as the Kronig-Penney (KP) problem. Another physically meaningful structure is a periodic system that supports two kinds of particles that interact only at the interfaces (IF) of the system, leading to a coupled KP problem. Here, this nontrivial extension of the KP problem is solved analytically and insights are drawn about the resulting band structure, the possibility of IF bound states, and competition between size quantization and carrier localization at IFs, and wavefunction hybridization. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 569 EP 578 AR PII S0143-0807(04)75423-9 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/25/4/011 PG 10 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 843JY UT WOS:000223076100011 ER PT J AU Sanford, GE Welsh, JS AF Sanford, GE Welsh, JS TI EELV secondary payload adapter (ESPA) static qualification tests 9 Part 4 of 4 SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 CSA Engn Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. AF Res Lab, VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Sanford, GE (reprint author), CSA Engn Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 4 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 845RQ UT WOS:000223262400008 ER PT J AU Wu, S Hong, L Layne, JR AF Wu, S Hong, L Layne, JR TI 2D rigid-body target modelling for tracking and identification with GMTI/HRR measurements SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID JUMP-DIFFUSION PROCESSES AB Joint ground moving-target tracking identification is a crucial task in a modem combat operation. Due to the entirely different environment, ground moving-target tracking is quite different from airborne target tracking. A major difference lies in target modelling. In airborne target tracking, a target is usually treated as a point, while for ground target tracking, a target is considered a rigid body. Two approaches for 2D rigid-body target modelling are proposed. Equipped with ground moving-target indicator and high-resolution range sensors, the new approaches effectively explore the concepts of local and global motions of a rigid body. The kinematics of a global motion is described by a constant acceleration model, and a local motion is modelled by the pivoting centre and pseudocentre approaches. The proposed models are implemented by the extended Kalman filter with and without a probabilistic data association filter. The simulation results show that the proposed approaches not only correctly track a rigid-body target in a complicated scenario but also simultaneously report its structural information. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2379 J9 IEE P-CONTR THEOR AP JI IEE Proc.-Control Theory Appl. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 151 IS 4 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1049/ip-cta:20040694 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 850UU UT WOS:000223640000007 ER PT J AU Sidhwa, F Moore, F Matsuura, D AF Sidhwa, F Moore, F Matsuura, D TI Successful deployment of commercial ATE to an air force I-level (back-shop) repair facility SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB In today's world of constrained budgets, one of the problems the military faces is the challenge of trying to maintain Organic Maintenance capabilities. Historically, the US Air Force has desired to achieve an autonomous capability to maintain the equipment it uses. This has been achieved, traditionally, by setting-up three levels of maintenance: Organizational; Intermediate (back-shop); and Depot. The I-level back-shops often utilize militarized Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) and Test Program Sets (TPSs) to test today's complex aircraft Line Replaceable Units (LRUs). And even though this is still a cost-effective maintenance philosophy, it has become costly to develop militarized ATE. The Department of Defense (DoD) has been very active in trying to reduce the total ownership cost of ATE in the government inventory. One approach is to utilize commercial, instead of Mil-Spec, ATE. However, utilizing commercial ATE at an USAF back-shop is not without it's tradeoffs and challenges as it represents a significant deviation from the way the USAF Maintenance Squadrons are accustomed to "doing business." This paper documents the current success story of replacing the legacy C-17 I-level ATE with a commercial ATE. C1 USAF, Airlift & Transport Programs, Long Beach, CA 90807 USA. Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. Teradyne Inc, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. RP Sidhwa, F (reprint author), USAF, Airlift & Transport Programs, 2401 E Wardlow Rd, Long Beach, CA 90807 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1109/MAES.2004.1346846 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 841TH UT WOS:000222954000007 ER PT J AU Vasquez, JR Maybeck, PS AF Vasquez, JR Maybeck, PS TI Enhanced motion and sizing of bank in moving-bank MMAE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB The focus of this research is to provide methods for generating precise parameter estimates in the face of potentially significant parameter variations such as system component failures. The standard multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) algorithm uses a bank of Kalman filters, each based on a different model of the system. Parameter discretization within the MMAE refers to selection of the parameter values assumed by the elemental Kalman filters, and dynamically redeclaring such discretization yields a moving-bank MMAE. A new online parameter discretization method is developed based on the probabilities associated with the generalized chi-squared random variables formed by residual information from the elemental Kalman filters within the MMAE. This new algorithm is validated through computer simulation of an aircraft navigation system subjected to interference/jamming while attempting a successful precision landing of the aircraft. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, ENG, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Peter.Maybeck@afit.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 770 EP 779 DI 10.1109/TAES.2004.1337453 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 867ZW UT WOS:000224882600001 ER PT J AU Tyo, JS Farr, EG Schoenberg, JSH Bowen, LH Altgilbers, LL AF Tyo, JS Farr, EG Schoenberg, JSH Bowen, LH Altgilbers, LL TI Effect of aperture feed and reflector configuration on the time- and frequency domain radiation patterns of reflector impulse radiating antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE impulse radiating antennas (IRAs); physical optics; time domain electromagnetics; ultrawide-band electromagnetics; wide-band antennas AB The prompt off-boresight radiation from an arbitrary reflector impulse radiating antenna (IRA) is considered in both the time and frequency domains using a time-domain physical optics formalism. The theory is used to compare the performance between reflector IRAs with common transverse electromagnetic feed configurations that have been designed to maximize the boresight fields. It is found that moving the feed arms of reflector IRAs toward the vertical helps to reduce sidelobe levels, as reflector IRAs with their feed arms oriented at 60degrees from the horizontal have sidelobes that are 4-5 dB lower in the H plane and 1-2 dB lower in the E plane than more traditional reflector IRAs with feed arms oriented at 45degrees. The lower sidelobes are accompanied by a higher peak gain, albeit with a wider beamwidth. There are corresponding significant differences in the time domain waveforms that result. The theory is verified by comparison with experimental data from a half IRA with feed arms at 45degrees. The peak fields, pulse widths, and overall waveform shapes agree well between theory and experiment, though there are temporal asymmetries in the measured data that are not predicted by the theory. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Farr Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DEHP, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35807 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM tyo@ieee.org; efarr@farr-research.com; schoenberg@ieee.org; lhbowen@farr-re-search.com NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1767 EP 1776 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.830256 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 837KV UT WOS:000222629700016 ER PT J AU Curtis, JW Beard, RW AF Curtis, JW Beard, RW TI Satisficing: A new approach to constructive nonlinear control SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE control Lyapunov functions (CLFs); inverse optimality; nonlinear control; stability margins ID OPTIMAL-REGULATORS; STABILIZATION; ROBUSTNESS AB The main contribution of this paper is a constructive parameterization of the class of almost smooth universal formulas which render a system asymptotically stable with respect to a known control Lyapunov function (CLF), and a constructive parameterization of a class of inverse optimal universal formulas having Kalman-like stability margins. The novelty of the parameterization is that it is given in terms of two function which are constrained to be locally Lipschitz and satisfy convex constraints. The implication of this result is that the CLF/universal formula approach can be combined with a priori performance objectives to design high performance control strategies. Two examples illustrate the approach. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84601 USA. RP Curtis, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32548 USA. EM jess.curtis@eglin.af.mil; beard@ee.byu.edu NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD JUL PY 2004 VL 49 IS 7 BP 1090 EP 1102 DI 10.1109/TAC.2004.831176 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 839CL UT WOS:000222760800005 ER PT J AU Turgut, Z Huang, MQQ Horwath, JC Hinde, R Kubicki, J Fingers, RT AF Turgut, Z Huang, MQQ Horwath, JC Hinde, R Kubicki, J Fingers, RT TI Effect of tensile stress and texture on magnetic properties of FeCo laminates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE effect of texture; FeCo alloys; magnetic losses; soft magnetic materials ID MAGNETOSTRICTION; ALLOY AB AC and dc magnetic properties and related losses of FeCo alloy sheet samples have been determined under applied tensile stress. Heat-treated strips of alloys Hiperco 50 Hipereo 50-HS and Hiperco 27 with three different orientations (0degrees-45degrees-90degrees) with respect to the rolling direction were tested under tensile stresses up to 200 MPa. In our earlier work, we reported the effect of the compressive stress on the same alloy compositions [1]. Unlike compressive stress, tensile stress decreased the coercivity and increased remanence of the alloys. For the 90degrees-oriented Hiperco 50 alloy with a coercivity of 1.12 Oe under no applied stress, the minimum coercivity of 0.29 Oe occurred at about 100 MPa. The effect of tensile stress on the remanence was most pronounced in the Hiperco 50 HS samples. A gradual decrease in the coercive field of the three Hiperco 50 HS samples was observed up to 200 MPa. On the other hand, a minimum at 25 MPa is observed for the coercivity of Hiperco 27 samples. At the same tensile stress, the remanence ratio had a maximum. The 0degrees-oriented sample exhibited the lowest core loss value of the Hiperco 27 samples. C1 UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turgut, Z (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM zturgut@ues.com NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2742 EP 2744 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.832119 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700245 ER PT J AU Huang, MQ Turgut, Z Smith, BR Chen, ZM Ma, BM Chu, SY Laughlin, DE Horwath, JC Fingers, RT AF Huang, MQ Turgut, Z Smith, BR Chen, ZM Ma, BM Chu, SY Laughlin, DE Horwath, JC Fingers, RT TI Magnetic properties of Sm(CobalFe0.31Zr0.05Cu0.04Bx)(z) alloys and their melt-spun materials (x=0.02-0.04, z=7.5-12) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE exchange coupling; hard magnetic property; magnetic alloy; melt-spun; 3d/R AB Cast alloys and melt-spun ribbons with nominal compositions of Sm(CobalFe0.31Zr0.05Cu0.04Bx)(z) (x = 0.02-0.04, z = 7.5-12) have been synthesized and characterized in a temperature range of 10-1273 K and at fields up to 5T. The main phase in the as-cast alloys exhibited a Th2Ni17 type structure, with a strong uniaxial anisotropy. Minor phases with a TbCu7 and/or CaCu5 structure emerged as z (3d/R) decreased. As a result, the anisotropy field (HA) increased from 67 to 120 kOe, while 4piM(s) fell from 12.8 to 10.5 kG at 300 K when z was decreased from 12 to 7.5. For melt-spun ribbons, they are nano-structured in nature and magnetically hard, even in the as-spun state. By lowering the value of z(3d/R) and raising the B content, a finer microstructure and a higher H-ci were obtained. Hard magnetic properties of H-ci = 4.9-12 kOe, 4piM(s) = 9.0-12.0 kG at 300 K have been obtained from ribbon samples. Among them, Sm(CobalFe0.31Zr0.05Cu0.04B0.02)(10) ribbon showed the highest (BH)(max) of 10.8 MGOe at 300 K. A Henkel plot analysis suggested the existence of exchange-coupling interaction between the magnetically hard and soft phases in the ribbon materials. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Magnequench Technol Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Meiqing.Huang@wpafb.af.mil; zturgut@ues.com; Brsmith@mqii.com; Zhongmimchen@mqii.com; Baominma@mqii.com; sc79@andrew.cmu.edu; dl0p@andrew.cmu.edu; johnhorwath@wpafb.af.mil; richard.fingers@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2934 EP 2936 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.828998 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700308 ER PT J AU Liang, H Laffely, A Srinivasan, S Tessier, R AF Liang, H Laffely, A Srinivasan, S Tessier, R TI An architecture and compiler for scalable on-chip communication SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE communications architecture; on-chip interconnect; system-on-chip (SoC) ID SOFTWARE; CHANNELS; DESIGN AB A dramatic increase in single chip capacity has led to a revolution in on-chip integration. Design reuse and ease of implementation have became important aspects of the design process. This paper describes a new scalable single-chip communication architecture for heterogeneous resources, adaptive system-on-a-chip (aSOC) and supporting software for application mapping. This architecture exhibits hardware simplicity and optimized support for compile-time scheduled communication. To illustrate,the benefits of the architecture, four high-bandwidth signal processing applications including an MPEG-2 video encoder and a Doppler radar processor have been mapped to a prototype aSOC device using our design mapping technology. Through experimentation it is shown that aSOC communication outperforms a hierarchical bus-based system-on-chip (SoC) approach by up to a factor of five. A VLSI implementation of the communication architecture indicates clock rates of 400 MHz in 0.18-mum technology for sustained on-chip communication. In comparison to previously-published results for an MPEG-2 decoder, our on-chip interconnect shows a runtime improvement of over a factor of four. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USAF, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Adv Micro Devices Inc, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM tessier@ecs.umass.edu NR 36 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-8210 EI 1557-9999 J9 IEEE T VLSI SYST JI IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7 BP 711 EP 726 DI 10.1109/tvlsi.2004.830919 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 834ZO UT WOS:000222449600008 ER PT J AU Tzou, DY Chen, JK Roybal, R Beraun, JE AF Tzou, DY Chen, JK Roybal, R Beraun, JE TI Cluster potentials for multi-scale interactions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CRACK TIP; SILICON; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; METALS AB A cluster approach has been proposed to describe the process of heat transport in microscale. Molecular clustering is described by integrating the Lennard-Jones potential over specific physical domains, forming cluster potentials that possess repulsive and attractive forces sensitively varying with the geometrical shapes of the molecular clusters. The cluster potentials thus developed provides a consistent approach for describing multi-scale heat transport, in that different shapes/dimensions of the clusters take different exponents in the repulsive and attractive forces. A one-dimensional example is given to illustrate the essence of the cluster dynamics simulation, emphasizing devious behavior from molecular motion and replacement of a physical boundary by the cluster potential of a different scale. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Laser Effects Res Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tzou, DY (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM tzour@missouri.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 47 IS 14-16 BP 2949 EP 2959 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.03.019 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 823RL UT WOS:000221630600006 ER PT J AU Maji, AK Wegner, P Edwards, AL AF Maji, AK Wegner, P Edwards, AL TI Evaluation of composite ChamberCore structures and short-beam shear test SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID 3-POINT AB Structures made of composite cores sandwiched between two composite facesheets, can minimize many problems associated with conventional honeycomb sandwich panels, such as weight, cost, and damage tolerance. The manufacturing of ChamberCore requires minimal tooling and can easily be automated, reducing the cost. Lighter composite launch vehicles will have to incorporate innovative methods of mitigating acoustic noise. By using cores of specific size to function as 'Helmholtz Resonators', launch acoustic noise can be minimized, eliminating the need for heavy acoustic blankets. The two methods of fabricating such all-composite sandwich structures are co-cured and post-bonded. The primary objective of this paper is to compare the properties of structures fabricated with these two manufacturing processes. The material properties investigated were interlaminar shear strength, and microstructural measurements through optical microscopy. It was also shown that the ASTMD 2344-84 'Interlaminar Shear Test' poses problems in testing specimens with small thickness. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Maji, AK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM amaji@unm.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER-COVINA JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 32 EP 42 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 829VI UT WOS:000222078000006 ER PT J AU Naboulsi, S AF Naboulsi, S TI Investigation of geometric imperfection in inflatable aerospace structures SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aerospace engineering; space structures; geometry; configuration ID ANTENNA TOLERANCE THEORY; REFLECTORS AB Communication and solar array inflated structures must be deployed to a very precise geometric configuration in order to meet quality requirement's of their application. The focus of this paper is on geometric imperfections associated with inflated structures. To further understand some of the elements, that derive imperfection in a parabolic inflated communication and solar array structures, a computational model is proposed. This computational approach is dictated by the geometric complexity, deformation sensitivity as function of load and boundary conditions, and nonlinear characteristics of inflated structure assemblies. The deformation of a single component depends on the flexibility/stiffness of other components due to their interaction. In order to simulate such deformations of the multicomponent inflated structure, in the present study, the computational model consists of main parabolic shape envelope (reflector and canopy), torus, and catenary's support and uses geometric nonlinear finite element. Further, tuning of communications and solar arrays is a primary concern in the operation of these systems. To investigate the effects of pressure tuning on geometric imperfection of a parabolic inflated antenna, in this investigation, analyses using uniformly axisymmetric and asymmetric applied load are performed. The analyses assume an initial parabolic shape envelope with a perfect circular edge for the reflector and canopy. Error estimates, which quantify geometric imperfections, are computed. The results show that as the axisymmetric load increases, the surface deviation from the parabolic shape of the envelope also increases. An asymmetric load on the surface of the torus leads to variable tensile forces in the catenary along the circular edge of the envelope, which in turn cause a visible local asymmetrical deformation in the vicinity of the circular edge of the envelope. In general, an asymmetric load causes greater geometric imperfections and should be avoided. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naboulsi, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM snabouls@afit.af.mil NR 21 TC 5 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2004)17:3(98) PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 831UT UT WOS:000222222500002 ER PT J AU Ferman, MA Huttsell, LJ Turner, EW AF Ferman, MA Huttsell, LJ Turner, EW TI Experiments with tangential blowing to reduce buffet response on an F-15 model SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB A concept employing upstream tangential blowing was investigated experimentally as a means for mitigating buffet response of fighter aircraft empennage, notably twin vertical tails. Wind-tunnel tests of a 4.7%-scale model of the F-15 fighter were conducted in the Subsonic Aerodynamics Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Tangential blowing was introduced from three points: the nose, the wing-root leading edge, and the gun bump, flowing back to the tails in a Coanda-like effect. Several blowing pressure values were used at angles of attack from 0 to 32 deg. Blowing was seen to lower the buffet pressures on the tails and to reduce the structural response. The level of response, and trends varied somewhat between bending and torsion moments and acceleration data. Also, the trends depended upon angle of attack and yaw, and frequency bands. In some cases blowing actually increased the response slightly. The most effective blowing position was the wing blowing position; the gun position was the next most effective; and the nose position was the least effective. C1 St Louis Univ, Parks Coll, St Louis, MO 63101 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ferman, MA (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Parks Coll, St Louis, MO 63101 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 903 EP 910 DI 10.2514/1.290 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 844RZ UT WOS:000223178700024 ER PT J AU Khrabrov, A Oi, M AF Khrabrov, A Oi, M TI Effects of flow separation on aerodynamic loads in linearized thin airfoil theory SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM khrabrov@postman.ru; Michael.Ol@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 944 EP 948 DI 10.2514/1.5524 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 844RZ UT WOS:000223178700031 ER PT J AU Knipp, DJ AF Knipp, DJ TI Special section on the joint CEDAR-SCOSTEP meeting SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Suite 2A25 Fairchild Hall, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM delores.knipp@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 66 IS 10 BP 805 EP 806 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.01.033 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 829VV UT WOS:000222079500001 ER PT J AU Lin, BC Vora, GJ Thach, D Walter, E Metzgar, D Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA AF Lin, BC Vora, GJ Thach, D Walter, E Metzgar, D Tibbetts, C Stenger, DA TI Use of oligonucleotide microarrays for rapid detection and serotyping of acute respiratory disease-associated adenoviruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; VIRUS-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY; TYPE-4 INFECTION; LARGE EPIDEMIC; GENERAL PCR; IDENTIFICATION; DNA; DIAGNOSIS AB The cessation of the adenovirus vaccination program for military trainees has resulted in several recent acute respiratory disease (ARD) outbreaks. In the absence of vaccination, rapid detection methods are necessary for the timely implementation of measures to prevent adenovirus transmission within military training facilities. To this end, we have combined a fluorogenic real-time multiplex PCR assay with four sets of degenerate PCR primers that target the E1A, fiber, and hexon genes with a long oligonucleotide microarray capable of identifying the most common adenovirus serotypes associated with adult respiratory tract infections (serotypes 3, 4, 7, 16, and 21) and a representative member of adenovirus subgroup C (serotype 6) that is a common cause of childhood ARD and that often persists into adulthood. Analyses with prototype strains demonstrated unique hybridization patterns for representative members of adenovirus subgroups B-1, B-2, C-1, and E, thus allowing serotype determination. Microarray-based sensitivity assessments revealed lower detection limits (between I and 100 genomic copies) for adenovirus serotype 4 (Ad4) and Ad7 cell culture lysates, clinical nasal washes, and throat swabs and purified DNA from clinical samples. When adenovirus was detected from coded clinical samples, the results obtained by this approach demonstrated an excellent concordance with those obtained by the more established method of adenovirus identification as well as by cell culture with fluorescent-antibody staining. Finally, the utility of this method was further supported by its ability to detect adenoviral coinfections, contamination, and, potentially, recombination events. Taken together, the results demonstrate the usefulness of the simple and rapid diagnostic method developed for the unequivocal identification of ARD-associated adenoviral serotypes from laboratory or clinical samples that can be completed in 1.5 to 4.0 h. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, SGX, Epidem Outbreak Surveillance Consortium, Falls Church, VA USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Resp Dis Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Stenger, DA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 30, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dstenger@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 NR 37 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 3232 EP 3239 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.7.3232-3239.2004 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 837WN UT WOS:000222672100056 PM 15243087 ER PT J AU Billock, VA Tsou, BH AF Billock, VA Tsou, BH TI A role for cortical crosstalk in the binding problem: Stimulus-driven correlations that link color, form, and motion SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED RETINAL IMAGE; TEMPORAL CORRELATION HYPOTHESIS; VISUAL FEATURE INTEGRATION; NEURAL OSCILLATORS; PATTERN PERCEPTION; RHESUS-MONKEY; CELLS; AFTERIMAGES; RESPONSES; LUMINANCE AB The putative independence of cortical mechanisms for color, form, and motion raises the binding problem-how is neural activity coordinated to create unified and correctly segmented percepts? Binding could be guided by stimulus-driven correlations between mechanisms, but the nature of these correlations is largely unexplored and no one has (intentionally) studied effects on binding if this joint information is compromised. Here, we develop a theoretical framework which: (1) describes crosstalk-generated correlations between cortical mechanisms for color, achromatic form, and motion, which arise from retinogeniculate encoding; (2) shows how these correlations can facilitate synchronization, segmentation, and binding; (3) provides a basis for understanding perceptual oddities and binding failures that occur for equiluminant and stabilized images. These ideas can be tested by measuring both perceptual events and neural activity while achromatic border contrast or stabilized image velocity is manipulated. C1 Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Billock, VA (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, Suite 200,5200 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Vince.Billock@wpafb.af.mil NR 90 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0898-929X J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1036 EP 1048 DI 10.1162/0898929041502742 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 842DU UT WOS:000222984200013 PM 15298790 ER PT J AU Ling, J Cao, Y Rivir, R MacArthur, C AF Ling, J Cao, Y Rivir, R MacArthur, C TI Analytical investigations of rotating disks with and without incorporating rotating heat pipes SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USAF, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ling, J (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2004 VL 126 IS 3 BP 680 EP 683 DI 10.1115/1.1760528 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 848KL UT WOS:000223466200027 ER PT J AU Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR AF Gordnier, RE Visbal, MR TI Computation of the aeroelastic response of a flexible delta wing at high angles of attack SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE delta wing; buffet; von Karman plate model; vortex breakdown ID VORTEX STRUCTURE; FLOW AB To perform relevant aeroelastic analyses for a delta wing at an angle of attack, a computational technique capable of addressing both complex nonlinear aerodynamics and nonlinear structural features is presented. This numerical method couples a well-validated Euler/Navier-Stokes code (Euler computations only in present work) with a nonlinear finiteelement plate model. The resulting aeroelastic solver is used to simulate a 60degrees sweep flexible delta wing for angles of attack from 5degrees to 40degrees. When vortex breakdown is present over the wing, increased buffeting of the wing is observed consistent with previous experimental observations. Comparisons of the computed r.m.s. wingtip acceleration with experimentally measured values shows good qualitative agreement. Spectral analysis of the wingtip deflection and acceleration show the first structural mode to be the dominant mode with participation also from the second and third mode. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordnier, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VAAC, Bldg 146 Room 225,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM raymond.gordnier@wpafb.af.mil; miguel.visbai@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 785 EP 800 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2004.04.008 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 841CQ UT WOS:000222907300004 ER PT J AU Shiroma, CY Fielding, CG Lewis, JA Gleisner, MR Dunn, KN AF Shiroma, CY Fielding, CG Lewis, JA Gleisner, MR Dunn, KN TI A minimally destructive technique for sampling dentin powder for mitochondrial DNA testing SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic odontology; mitochondrial DNA; dentin sampling; JPAC; Central Identification Laboratory ID HUMAN TEETH AB The purpose of this paper is to present the horizontal sectioning technique used by odontologists at the Central Identification Laboratory to sample dentin for mtDNA analysis. From the perspective of DNA testing, anthropologists and odontologists at the Central Identification Laboratory work with ancient remains. In many instances, the lack of comprehensive antemortem records, the potential for fragmentation and commingling, and environmental exposure makes the use of traditional forensic identification techniques difficult or impossible. Teeth are highly resistant to environmental degradation and are an excellent source of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This technique is simple, quick, and relatively conservative, allowing for preservation of the majority of the external portion of the tooth structure. C1 Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI USA. USA, Dent Activ, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Shiroma, CY (reprint author), USA, Dent Clin Ft Richardson, Ft Richardson, AK 99505 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 791 EP 795 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 836GN UT WOS:000222543900019 PM 15317196 ER PT J AU Underwood, JS AF Underwood, JS TI Reconsidering a century of flight. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Museum MUA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Underwood, JS (reprint author), USAF, Museum MUA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 1025 EP 1026 DI 10.1353/jmh.2004.0154 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 834QW UT WOS:000222426600077 ER PT J AU Childs, JD AF Childs, JD TI More on writing good case reports - Author's response SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 34 IS 7 BP 410 EP 410 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 837UR UT WOS:000222667000008 ER PT J AU Rogers, JE Slagle, JE McLean, DG Sutherland, RL Sankaran, B Kannan, R Tan, LS Fleitz, PA AF Rogers, JE Slagle, JE McLean, DG Sutherland, RL Sankaran, B Kannan, R Tan, LS Fleitz, PA TI Understanding the one-photon photophysical properties of a two-photon absorbing chromophore SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-LIMITING PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CHARGE-TRANSFER; 2-PHOTON-ABSORBING CHROMOPHORES; NONLINEAR OPTICS; MODEL COMPOUNDS; DATA STORAGE; ABSORPTION; FLUORESCENCE AB A comprehensive one-photon photophysical study has been carried out on AF455, a known two-photon absorbing dye. AF455 is composed of an electron-accepting center with three arms that consist of a pi-conjugated group with an electron-donating group at the terminal end of each arm. The objective of this work is to understand the one-photon excitation photophysical properties so that this knowledge will be carried into understanding the two-photon absorption properties. This was done by utilizing steady-state absorption, steady-state and time-resolved emission, femtosecond pump-probe, and nanosecond laser flash photolysis techniques. Through this study it was determined that AF455 undergoes an excited-state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) upon absorption of a single photon. The extent of ICT stabilization is dependent on the solvent polarity, with increasing ICT stabilization in more polar solvents. The formation of the triplet excited state is small (<8%) and is effected only slightly by a change in the solvent polarity. With an increase in polarity the fluorescence quantum yield decreased and internal conversion was found to become more competitive. On the basis of a two-photon assisted excited-state absorption model we tied in the measured one-photon photophysical properties to understand why the nanosecond effective two-photon absorption cross section is much larger than the femtosecond intrinsic two-photon absorption cross section. We found that AF455 exhibits triplet excited-state absorption in the region of 800 nm that leads to enhancement of the nanosecond effective two-photon absorption cross section. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AT&T Govt Solut, Dayton, OH 45324 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. Systran Syst Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Rogers, JE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way,Bldg 651, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joy.rogers@wpafb.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 63 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 26 BP 5514 EP 5520 DI 10.1021/jp048961d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 832PG UT WOS:000222278800003 ER PT J AU Fridgen, TD Troe, J Viggiano, AA Midey, AJ Williams, S McMahon, TB AF Fridgen, TD Troe, J Viggiano, AA Midey, AJ Williams, S McMahon, TB TI Experimental and theoretical studies of the benzylium(+)/tropylium(+) ratios after charge transfer to ethylbenzene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-IONS; COLLISIONAL ACTIVATION; KINETIC-ENERGY; GASEOUS IONS; XYLENE IONS; TOLUENE; TROPYLIUM; CATIONS; BENZYL; DISSOCIATION AB Benzylium versus tropylium ion yields from the fragmentation of ethylbenzene cations at various excitation energies are studied by forming excited ethylbenzene cations by charge transfer from a series of charge-transfer agents and by identifying the benzylium ion by its secondary reaction with neutral ethylbenzene. At lower excitation energies, the tropylium ion yield decreases with increasing energy from values near 16% (at an energy of 230 kJ mol(-1)) to 5% (at an energy of 500 kJ mol(-1)). At higher excitation energies, the tropylium ion yield increases again, which is attributed to secondary isomerization of the vibrationally highly excited benzylium ion arising from the primary fragmentation. It is suggested that this isomerization competes with radiative cooling of the excited benzylium ion. The experimental observations are rationalized in the framework of statistical unimolecular rate theory and electronic structure calculations. C1 Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Fridgen, TD (reprint author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. EM tfridgen@wlu.ca RI Forgrave, Sarah/I-3165-2012; McMahon, Terry/F-9904-2010; Fridgen, Travis/D-9700-2012 OI McMahon, Terry/0000-0002-0911-2733; Fridgen, Travis/0000-0001-7625-868X NR 45 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 26 BP 5600 EP 5609 DI 10.1021/jp031328s PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 832PG UT WOS:000222278800014 ER PT J AU Ash, JT Jenkins, CH Marker, DK Wilkes, JM AF Ash, JT Jenkins, CH Marker, DK Wilkes, JM TI Shape achievement of optical membrane mirrors using coating/substrate intrinsic stresses SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC/SDM 43rd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL DENVER, CO SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID POLYIMIDE THIN-FILM; WAVE-FRONT CONTROL; HOLOGRAPHY; PRECISION AB The U.S. Air Force, as well as many other organizations, has evinced considerable interest in developing large gossamer membrane radio antennas and optical quality telescopes. A concept is discussed of global shape maintenance of a reflective polymer membrane element after curing, coating, and release from a precision casting mold of the desired parabolic shape. The idea involves manipulation of intrinsic stresses in the coating and its membrane substrate. Results from an axisymmetric, geometrically linear, shallow-shell theory are presented as closed-form solutions for the displacement fields. A unique condition emerges from these solutions, suggesting that zero deformations can occur in a 0-g environment. Results of a finite element analysis are presented, showing that if a coated membrane satisfying this condition is subjected to a 1-g loading, rms errors of 9.3 mum and 2.8 mm can be expected for 1- and 20-m-diam mirrors, respectively. However, in the case of a 1-g load, another condition follows from the theory, which, if met, predicts zero deformation in the 1-g environment. Additional results of the finite element analysis are presented that lend support to these conclusions. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Compliant Struct Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Surveillance Technol Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ash, JT (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Compliant Struct Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 551 EP 557 DI 10.2514/1.11936 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 844WC UT WOS:000223190800011 ER PT J AU Maji, A Montemerlo, P Ng, TT AF Maji, A Montemerlo, P Ng, TT TI Shape correction of inflatable membranes by rigidization and actuation SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC/SDM 43rd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL DENVER, CO SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB The desire to see farther into space with increased accuracy is driving the development of large diameter (10-100 m in diameter) inflatable telescope reflectors that can be launched in a compact form and inflated in space. The surface shape of these membrane reflectors must be precise down to the micrometer level. However, it is unlikely that a membrane reflector could reach this ideal shape without the assistance of active and passive shape correction. Two methods of shape correction considered in this study were 1) passive actuation through epoxy-coating shrinkage strains during rigidization and 2) active actuation through a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film. Laser interferometry shearography and shadow moire interferometry techniques were used to observe how cure stress and PVDF actuation affect the surface shape of sample membranes. The effect of in-plane strains on the reflector shape was analyzed using a finite element model. Results show that a limited amount of shape correction is possible with both techniques. However, the magnitude of shape correction diminishes dramatically with inflation pressure and is not sufficient to overcome the surface errors caused by geometric nonlinearities at high inflation pressures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dept Civil Engn, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Maji, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dept Civil Engn, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 558 EP 563 DI 10.2514/1.11949 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 844WC UT WOS:000223190800012 ER PT J AU Vergez, P Sauter, L Dahlke, S AF Vergez, P Sauter, L Dahlke, S TI An improved Kalman filter for satellite orbit predictions SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB The nonlinear problem of tracking and predicting where a satellite will be over some time can be difficult with the recognition of modeling error and ground site radar tracking errors. For this reason it is important to have an accurate modeling program with the fidelity to correct for any errors in orbital motion and predict the most accurate positioning at some future time. The: Extended Kalman Filter is one such program that can accurately determine position over time given estimate ranges for sources of error. However, the Extended Kalman Filter contains many linear approximations that allow its prediction and correction methods to work. This paper will discuss the effects of replacing the linearizing approaches made in the orbital model part of the program with numerical small-step approaches. The overall errors during prediction will be compared for an analysis of the corrective ability of the filter. Additionally a final prediction at a later date and another location will serve as an indicator to the usefulness of the prediction capabilities over time. In exploring these effects, it will be shown that the linearizing approximations made in the development are a good approximation to the numerical results. The effects of modeling error, perturbation effects included, and the degree of approximation all play a significant role in accuracies of prediction. The effects of removing linearizations are small in comparison to the effects of perturbations and modeling error. The results of the numerical approximations contain a great robustness and as such help simplify the modeling process. The modeling process is discussed with reference to ADA program code. With these results it can be seen that there are several methods of using the Extended Kalman Filter for orbital prediction which maintain a high degree of accuracy and can be very useful when applied to real-world satellite prediction. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Vergez, P (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Paul.Vergez@usafa.af.mil; Scott.Dahlke@usafa.af.mit NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 359 EP 380 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 931WA UT WOS:000229515000004 ER PT J AU Nalesnik, JG Jones, L Kraus, SR AF Nalesnik, JG Jones, L Kraus, SR TI Group B streptococcal septicemia following intracavernous injection therapy for erectile dysfunction in diabetes SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE septicemia; streptococcus; injections; subcutaneous; impotence AB Autoinjection of vasoactive medicines remains a popular form of treatment for patients with erectile dysfunction. However, it is not without complications. Its use is especially prominent in men with diabetes, since only 50% respond to sildenafil citrate.(1) We report life threatening streptococcal septicemia due to intracavernous injection in a man with diabetes requiring surgical corporotomy. C1 USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Nalesnik, JG (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Wilford Hall,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Jeffrey.Nalesnik@Lackland.af.mil NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 172 IS 1 BP 151 EP 152 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000129002.42004.4e PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 830IN UT WOS:000222115700033 PM 15201758 ER PT J AU Noller, MW Baughman, SM Morey, AF Auge, BK AF Noller, MW Baughman, SM Morey, AF Auge, BK TI Fibrin sealant enables tubeless percutaneous stone surgery SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; kidney calculi; fibrin tissue adhesive; nephrostomy; percutaneous ID RENAL SURGERY; NEPHROLITHOTOMY; COMPLICATIONS; ADHESIVE; GLUE AB Purpose: Fibrin sealant has been demonstrated to be safe and effective as a hemostatic agent and urinary tract sealant. We assessed the ability of fibrin sealant to facilitate tubeless management after uncomplicated percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and Methods: Eight consecutive patients underwent single access tubeless PCNL for renal calculi in a total of 9 renal units in a 2-month period. An additional patient with distal ureteral obstruction underwent antegrade ureteroscopy for an 8 X 8 mm distal ureteral stone. Average patient age was 47 years and mean stone size was 3.37 cm(2) (range 0.64 to 9.90). Following complete stone clearance a Double-J (Medical Engineering Corp., New York, New York) ureteral stent was placed antegrade and 2 cc HEMASEEL APR (Haemacure Corp., Sarasota, Florida) fibrin sealant was injected under nephroscopic or fluoroscopic visualization into the parenchymal defect just within the renal capsule. Preoperative and postoperative hematocrit (HCT) was determined. Computerized tomography was performed on postoperative day 1 or 2 to evaluate retained stone fragments, perinephric fluid and urinary extravasation. Results: In the 10 renal units treated via this tubeless technique no intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted. Average hospital stay was 1.1 days. All patients were discharged home on postoperative day 1 except 1 undergoing asynchronous bilateral PCNL on consecutive days. The mean intraoperative change in HCT was 2.8%. There was no significant change in HCT on postoperative day 1. No patient required transfusion. Seven renal units and 1 ureteral unit had no residual stone fragments for a complete stone-free rate of 80%. No gross leakage was observed on dressings and postoperative computerized tomography failed to demonstrate urinary extravasation. Conclusions: Tubeless PCNL using fibrin sealant at the renal parenchymal defect appears to be safe and feasible. Further experience is necessary to determine the role of fibrin sealant in percutaneous renal surgery. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Auge, BK (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Bldg 3,Suite 200,34730 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM bkauge@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 12 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 172 IS 1 BP 166 EP 169 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000129211.71193.28 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 830IN UT WOS:000222115700038 PM 15201763 ER PT J AU Scheck, C Liu, YK Evans, P Schad, R Bowers, A Zangari, G Williams, JR Issacs-Smith, TF AF Scheck, C Liu, YK Evans, P Schad, R Bowers, A Zangari, G Williams, JR Issacs-Smith, TF TI Photoexcited electrodeposition of Cu structures on p-Si(001) SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 02-07, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID INDUCED METAL-DEPOSITION; ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION; COPPER DEPOSITION; SILICON; RESOLUTION; ROUGHNESS; PATTERNS; SURFACES; FILMS; GAAS AB Selective growth of metals on semiconductors has recently raised considerable interest due to its possible application in the direct formation of conduction paths and contacts on semiconductors. We produced small structures by photoexcited electroless plating of Cu on p-type Si(001). The p-type substrate forms a Schottky barrier with the solution which inhibits the plating process. Local illumination creates minority carriers which become available to discharge metal ions. Illumination was done by converging a 1-5 mW laser beam to a 1-2 mum focus diameter on the substrate in the plating solution using an optical microscope. The dimensions of the dots are determined by the diffusion length of the excited minority carriers. We analyzed the diameter of the growing dots as a function of the laser light wavelength and intensity, illumination duration, composition of the solution and charge carrier lifetime in the substrate. The lateral dimensions of the structures produced are found to decrease with reduced laser wavelength or intensity but are independent of the duration of illumination. Shorter minority carrier lifetimes in the semiconductor substrate lead to a further reduction of structure dimensions. The effect of spontaneous background precipitation on the Si surface is studied as a function of the solution composition. The optical reflectivity can be related to the fractal surface roughness. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Inst Space Res, Leach Sci Ctr 231, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, POB 870209, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM rschad@bama.ua.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1842 EP 1846 DI 10.1116/1.1690257 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000132 ER PT J AU Eyink, KG Mahalingam, K Pitz, J Smith, H Grazulis, L AF Eyink, KG Mahalingam, K Pitz, J Smith, H Grazulis, L TI Planar InAs growth on GaAs(001) and subsequent quantum dot formation by a surface induced morphological instability SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-31) CY JAN 18-22, 2004 CL Kailua, HI SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, AVS, Elect Mat & Proc Div ID STRAIN-RELAXATION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; MODE; LAYERS AB InAs growth on GaAs has been studied extensively and most recently for the self-assembly of quantum dots on the surface. In this work, we have studied the growth conditions to form planar InAs, at an In beam-equivalent pressure of 3.1 x 10(-8) Torr, under the metal rich (4x2) reconstruction and the subsequent formation of quantum dots (QDs) condensed from this layer by a rapid change in the As-4 pressure. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studied the surface morphology of InAs resulting from a nominal 12 ML growth with various As-4 growth pressures while maintaining a metal rich condition. It was found that the surface roughness was dependent on the As-4 pressure. At the higher As-4 pressures studied, the growth was extremely rough and much smoother at the lower As-4 pressures. For a beam-equivalent pressure of 1 x 10(-7) Torr for As-4 and 3.1 x 10(-8) Torr for In, growth was seen to remain planar for a deposition thickness up to 3 ML. AFM analysis showed that a fingered morphology was formed with a roughness of similar to1 ML. When the As-4 pressure incident on this surface was quickly changed, the reflection high-energy electron diffraction showed this surface roughened. Subsequent AFM analysis showed that QDs formed in long chains oriented down the [110]. We propose a model in which the fingered surface is segmented due to an underlying dislocation array in the formation of the chained QDs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eyink, KG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kurt.eyink@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2261 EP 2265 DI 10.1116/1.1771671 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 854TD UT WOS:000223925300109 ER PT J AU Biggs, KL Chiou, AC Hagino, RT Klucznik, RP AF Biggs, KL Chiou, AC Hagino, RT Klucznik, RP TI Endovascular repair of a spontaneous carotid artery dissection with carotid stent and coils SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PLACEMENT; PSEUDOANEURYSMS; ANEURYSM; STROKE AB Dissection of the internal carotid artery is an under-recognized cause of transient ischemic attack and cerebral vascular accident. Spontaneous dissections, in which no precipitating cause can be identified, occur infrequently. Endovascular intervention is an evolving treatment option in patients in whom anticoagulation therapy alone is not adequate, who are not suitable candidates for major surgery, or who have extremely distal dissections that are difficult to access. We report a case of successful endovascular stenting and coil application in a patient with spontaneous dissection of the distal cervical internal carotid artery with extension to its petrous; portion and an accompanying pseudoaneurysm at the level of the skull base. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Methodist Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Chiou, AC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Surg, 624 NE Glen Oak Ave,Ste 2675, Peoria, IL 61603 USA. EM andychiou@aol.com NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 170 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2004.03.018 PG 4 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 835YT UT WOS:000222522300028 PM 15218480 ER PT J AU Mortara, SA Slater, J Beran, P AF Mortara, SA Slater, J Beran, P TI Analysis of nonlinear aeroelastic panel response using proper orthogonal decomposition SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The nonlinear panel flutter problem solved by Dowell in 1966 is used to investigate the new application of the proper orthogonal decomposition model reduction technique to aeroelastic analysis. Emphasis is placed on the nonlinear structural dynamic equations with nonconservative forcing modeled assuming a supersonic, inviscid flow. Here the aeroelastic coupled equation is presented in discrete form using a finite difference approach, and subsequently in state space form, to be integrated as a set of first order differential equations. In this paper a POD approach is developed for generalized second-order differential equations; however, the application of POD to the governing equations in state space form is also discussed. This study compares the results and effectiveness of the model reduction technique for integration of the full set of degrees of freedom. The solution is compared to Dowell's classic results which forms the base reference for the model reduction study. The reduced order model is then created from the full simulation model. Accuracy of the solution, reduced computational time, limits of stability and the strengths and weaknesses of the model reduction are investigated. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mortara, SA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM smortara@cs.wright.edu; jslater@cs.wright.edu; philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil RI Slater, Joseph/E-1157-2011; OI Slater, Joseph/0000-0002-1923-9279 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2004 VL 126 IS 3 BP 416 EP 421 DI 10.1115/1.1687389 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 848IR UT WOS:000223461400014 ER PT J AU Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL Ghosh, AK AF Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL Ghosh, AK TI The dependence of cavity-growth rate on stress triaxiality SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SUPERPLASTIC ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DUCTILE FRACTURE; HOT-WORKING; CAVITATION; STATE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR C1 S&B SA, Athens 10672, Greece. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MMLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Nicolaou, PD (reprint author), S&B SA, Athens 10672, Greece. EM p.nicolaou@s.andb.gr RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 35A IS 7 BP 2187 EP 2190 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0170-0 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 832VQ UT WOS:000222295900031 ER PT J AU Grayson, JK Gibson, RL Shanklin, SL Neuhauser, KM McGhee, C AF Grayson, JK Gibson, RL Shanklin, SL Neuhauser, KM McGhee, C TI Trends in positive drug tests, United States Air Force, fiscal years 1997-1999 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MILITARY PERSONNEL; SUBSTANCE USE; ALCOHOL; IMPACT; ABUSE; RATES AB We investigated the relationship between various demographic factors and the risk of testing positive for marijuana or cocaine use in the U.S. Air Force in fiscal years 1997 through 1999. Overall test positive rates for marijuana and cocaine were very low, at 0.24 and 0.07% of all tests, respectively. However, monthly test positive rates increased significantly during the study period while the number of tests conducted decreased by more than 50%. Gender, race/ethnicity, service component, military rank, education level, and assignment location each predicted the likelihood of testing positive for marijuana or cocaine use. These findings were consistent with annual surveys of self-reported drug use conducted in military and civilian populations in the United States. We conclude that overall testing percentages should be re-evaluated in light of these findings, but we do not recommend oversampling from population subgroups that demonstrated a higher likelihood of testing positive. C1 USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Epidemiol Serv Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Grayson, JK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Epidemiol Serv Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 169 IS 7 BP 499 EP 504 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IY UT WOS:000235830000004 PM 15291178 ER PT J AU Dunn, WJ Langsten, RE Flores, S Fandell, JE AF Dunn, WJ Langsten, RE Flores, S Fandell, JE TI Dental emergency rates at two expeditionary medical support facilities supporting operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BOSNIA AB This study reports dental emergency rates and distribution of causes of dental emergencies at two expeditionary medical support facilities supporting operations Enduring Freedom/Iraqi Freedom. A retrospective cohort analysis of 9,948 soldiers deployed to Prince Sultan Air Base, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and 1,467 soldiers at Baghdad International Airport, Iraq, was accomplished from a phased deployment from January 2003 to September 2003. Procedures were divided into 11 categories: endodontic, extraction of teeth other than third molars, extraction of third molar teeth, restoration of teeth (caries), restoration of broken teeth (not caries), orthodontic bracket/wire problem, sensitive teeth, temperomandibular pain, periodontal, oral pathology, and prosthodontic. The dental emergency rates for Prince Sultan Air Base and Baghdad International Airport were 153 and 145 dental emergencies per 1,000 soldiers per year, respectively. Most of the emergencies were because of dental caries. Pain from third molars was the second most common reason for visiting the dental clinic. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dent Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Dept Gen Dent, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Dev Ctr Operat Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Baghdad Int Airport, EMEDS 447th, Baghdad, Iraq. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dent Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 169 IS 7 BP 510 EP 514 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IY UT WOS:000235830000006 PM 15291180 ER PT J AU Glover, DJ DeMain, J Herbold, JR Schneider, PJ Bunning, M AF Glover, DJ DeMain, J Herbold, JR Schneider, PJ Bunning, M TI Comparative measles incidence among exposed military and nonmilitary persons in Anchorage, Alaska SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MMR VACCINATION AB An outbreak of measles that occurred in Anchorage, Alaska, in 1998 resulted in 33 diagnosed cases: 26 were laboratory confirmed and 7 were clinically confirmed. Twenty-nine (88%) of 33 cases occurred in individuals who had not been immunized with at least two measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccinations; 25 (76%) of 33 occurred in school-age children, 0 to 19 years of age. This study identifies the difference in the incidence of measles between the civilian school-age population, who was not completely immunized (two MMR vaccinations given at least 30 days apart), and the military dependent population who had been completely immunized. All cases occurred among civilians, and most (25 of 33 confirmed cases) were associated with school attendance. The authors conclude that a two-dose regimen of MMR vaccine is required to adequately protect individuals against measles. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Journalism & Tech Commun, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Off Surg Gen, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Glover, DJ (reprint author), 2105 Butterfly Maiden, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 169 IS 7 BP 515 EP 517 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IY UT WOS:000235830000007 PM 15291181 ER PT J AU Dunn, WJ Davis, JT Casey, JA AF Dunn, WJ Davis, JT Casey, JA TI Polytetrafluoroethlyene (PTFE) tape as a matrix in operative dentistry SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), 59 DS-MRDGB,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM wilham.dunn@lack-land.af.mil NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 470 EP 472 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 834ZX UT WOS:000222450500018 PM 15279489 ER PT J AU Dunn, WJ AF Dunn, WJ TI Establishing proximal contacts with pre-polymerized composite inserts SO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESIN C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), 59 DS-MRDGB,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM william.dunn@lack-land.af.mil NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC PI INDIANAPOLIS PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL DENTISTRY, ROOM S411, 1121 WEST MICHIGAN ST, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46202-5186 USA SN 0361-7734 J9 OPER DENT JI Oper. Dent. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 4 BP 473 EP 476 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 834ZX UT WOS:000222450500019 PM 15279490 ER PT J AU Cain, S AF Cain, S TI Design of an image projection correlating wavefront sensor for adaptive optics SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures and Implementations XII CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE wavefront sensor; solar adaptive optics; motion estimation AB A new wavefront sensor data processing algorithm is described and analyzed. The wavefront sensing concept is similar to a Shack-Hartmann type wavefront sensor, but uses an image projection correlation algorithm as opposed to a centroiding approach to estimate optical tilt. This allows the wavefront sensor to estimate tilt parameters while guiding off of point sources and extended objects such as the surface granulation of the sun. The projection-based cross-correlating scheme differs from a 2-D correlation-based tilt estimation approach in that the images are vectorized on the focal plane array itself prior to readout. This on-chip preprocessing approach allows the wavefront sensor data to be compressed, which results in a large reduction in the amount of data read out of the focal plane array while maintaining the desired bandwidth of the adaptive optical system. An implementation of the projection-based wavefront sensor algorithm is described in detail, showing important signal processing steps on and off of the focal plane array of the sensor. The algorithm design is tested in simulation for speed and accuracy by processing simulated solar and astronomical clatasets. Timing analysis is presented, which shows how the collection and processing of image projections is computationally efficient and lends itself to a wavefront sensor design that can produce both competitive speed and tilt estimation accuracy. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cain, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, 2950 Hobson Way Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM stephen.cain@afit.edu NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1670 EP 1681 DI 10.1117/1.1756921 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 837NC UT WOS:000222641200027 ER PT J AU Dennis, RJ Beer, JMA Baldwin, JB Ivan, DJ Lorusso, FJ Thompson, WT AF Dennis, RJ Beer, JMA Baldwin, JB Ivan, DJ Lorusso, FJ Thompson, WT TI Using the Freiburg Acuity and Contrast test to measure visual performance in USAF personnel after PRK SO OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE photorefractive keratectomy; laser; glare; visual acuity; contrast sensitivity; Freiburg Acuity and Contrast Test (FrACT) ID IN-SITU KERATOMILEUSIS; CONTACT-LENS WEAR; PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY; REFRACTIVE SURGERY; RADIAL KERATOTOMY; CORNEAL HAZE; HIGHER-ORDER; GLARE; FLAP; SENSITIVITY AB Purpose. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) may be an alternative to spectacle and contact lens wear for United States Air Force (USAF) aircrew and may offer some distinct advantages in operational situations. However, any residual corneal haze or scar formation from PRK could exacerbate the disabling effects of a bright glare source on a complex visual task. The USAF recently completed a longitudinal clinical evaluation of the long-term effects of PRK on visual performance, including the experiment described herein. Methods. After baseline data were collected, 20 nonflying active duty USAF personnel underwent PRK. Visual performance was then measured at 6, 12, and 24 months after PRK. Visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) data were collected by using the Freiburg Acuity and Contrast Test (FrACT), with the subject viewing half of the runs through a polycarbonate windscreen. Experimental runs were completed under 3 glare conditions: no glare source and with either a broadband or a green laser (532-nm) glare annulus (luminance similar to6090 cd/m(2)) surrounding the Landolt C stimulus. Results. Systematic effects of PRK on VA relative to baseline were not identified. However, VA was almost 2 full Snellen lines worse with the laser glare source in place versus the broadband glare source. A significant drop-off was observed in CS performance after PRK under conditions of no glare and broadband glare; this was the case both with and without the windscreen. As with VA, laser glare disrupted CS performance significantly and more than broadband glare did. Conclusions. PRK does not appear to have affected VA, but the changes in CS might represent a true decline in visual performance. The greater disruptive effects from laser versus broadband glare may be a result of increased masking from coherent spatial noise (speckle) surrounding the laser stimulus. C1 Karta Technol Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Directed Energy Bioeffects Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. USN, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. Conceptual Mindworks Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Dennis, RJ (reprint author), 16314 Pebble Dew, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-5488 J9 OPTOMETRY VISION SCI JI Optom. Vis. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 81 IS 7 BP 516 EP 524 DI 10.1097/00006324-200407000-00013 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 840GG UT WOS:000222844700008 PM 15252351 ER PT J AU Lowry, TR AF Lowry, TR TI Sarcoidosis of nasal ala and lower lip SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lowry, TR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 59 MDW MCSR,2200 Bergquist Dr Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Thomas.Lowry@lackland.af.mil NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 131 IS 1 BP 142 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.oyhons.2004.02.026 PG 1 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 837MI UT WOS:000222639200024 PM 15243572 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Apostolova, T Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA AF Huang, DH Apostolova, T Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA TI Theoretical study of laser cooling of a semiconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID YB3+-DOPED GLASSES; FIELD; REFRIGERATION; TRANSPORT AB A nonlocal energy-balance equation is derived for the optical absorption, photoluminescence and inelastic electron-phonon scattering, which determines the electron and hole temperatures for any given lattice temperature. The evolution of the lattice temperature is found to be determined by the difference between the power-loss density due to photoluminescence and the power-gain density due to optical absorption, as well as by the initial lattice temperature. We find that in addition to the expected decrease in the lattice temperature, the electron temperature also decreases with time. A laser-cooling power as high as 380 eV/s is predicted for the wide bandgap semiconductor AlN initially at room temperature when the pump-laser field is only 10 V/cm. Laser cooling is found to be more efficient for a large bandgap material, a weaker laser field, and a high initial lattice temperature. The laser-cooling rate then decreases as the lattice cools. The theory presented here provides quantitative predictions that can guide future experiments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 AR 033203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.033203 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 842II UT WOS:000222996700009 ER PT J AU Baum, CE Baker, WL Prather, WD Lehr, JM O'Loughlin, JP Giri, DV Smith, ID Altes, R Fockler, J McLemore, D Abdalla, MD Skipper, MC AF Baum, CE Baker, WL Prather, WD Lehr, JM O'Loughlin, JP Giri, DV Smith, ID Altes, R Fockler, J McLemore, D Abdalla, MD Skipper, MC TI JOLT: A highly directive, very intensive, impulse-like radiator SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic lens; gas switch; half-impulse radiating antenna (HIRA); hyperband; impulse radiating antenna (IRA); resonant transformer ID REFLECTOR ANTENNA; PULSER AB Ultrawideband (UWB) systems that radiate very high-level transient waveforms and exhibit operating bandwidths of over two decades are now in demand for a number of applications. Such system are known to radiate impulse-like waveforms with rise times around 100 ps and peak electric field values of tens of kilovolts per meter. Such waveforms, if properly radiated, will exhibit an operating spectrum of over two decades, making them ideal for applications such as concealed object detection, countermine, transient radar and communications. In this paper we describe a large, high-voltage transient system built at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM from 190 to 1999. The pulsed power system centers around a very compact resonant transformer capable of generating over 1 MV at a pulse-repetition frequency of similar to 600 Hz. This is switched, via an integrated transfer capacitor and an oil peaking switch onto an 85-Omega half-impulse radiating antenna. This unique system will deliver a far radiated field with a full-width at half-maximum on the order of 100 ps, and a field-range product (r E-far) of similar to 5.3 MV exceeding all previously reported results by a factor of several. C1 Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Pro Tech, Alamo, CA 94507 USA. ITT Ind, AES Div, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. ASR Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87120 USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Magdalena.lopez@kirtland.af.mil; jmlehr@sandia.gov; ismith@titan.com; don.mclemore@itt.com; mda@asrcorporatiofi.com; mcs@asrcor-poration.com NR 20 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUL PY 2004 VL 92 IS 7 BP 1096 EP 1109 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2004.829011 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 831KB UT WOS:000222192200007 ER PT J AU Soundappan, P Nikolaidis, E Haftka, RT Grandhi, R Canfield, R AF Soundappan, P Nikolaidis, E Haftka, RT Grandhi, R Canfield, R TI Comparison of evidence theory and Bayesian theory for uncertainty modeling SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Alternative Representations of Epistemic Uncertainty CY AUG 06-07, 2002 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Sandia Natl Labs DE epistemic uncertainty; evidence theory; Bayesian methods; experimental testing AB This paper compares Evidence Theory (ET) and Bayesian Theory (BT) for uncertainty modeling and decision under uncertainty, when the evidence about uncertainty is imprecise. The basic concepts of ET and BT are introduced and the ways these theories model uncertainties, propagate them through systems and assess the safety of these systems are presented. ET and BT approaches are demonstrated and compared on challenge problems involving an algebraic function whose input variables are uncertain. The evidence about the input variables consists of intervals provided by experts. It is recommended that a decision-maker compute both the Bayesian probabilities of the outcomes of alternative actions and their plausibility and belief measures when evidence about uncertainty is imprecise, because this helps assess the importance of imprecision and the value of additional information. Finally, the paper presents and demonstrates a method for testing approaches for decision under uncertainty in terms of their effectiveness in making decisions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nikolaidis, E (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM enikolai@eng.utoledo.edu NR 18 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1-3 BP 295 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2004.03.018 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 831VV UT WOS:000222225400020 ER PT J AU Setlik, RF Ouellette, D Morgan, J McAllister, CK Dorsey, D Agan, BK Horvath, L Zimmerman, MK Purcell, B AF Setlik, RF Ouellette, D Morgan, J McAllister, CK Dorsey, D Agan, BK Horvath, L Zimmerman, MK Purcell, B TI Pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome associated with an autochthonous case of dengue hemorrhagic fever SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dengue hemorrhagic fever; hemoptysis; pulmonary hemorrhage AB Dengue fever is a major public health problem worldwide. Dengue hemorrhagic fever, a much rarer form of the disease, occurs when a person previously infected with dengue is re-infected with a different viral serotype. In recent years the infection rates of dengue and both clinical syndromes have increased along the United States-Mexico border. We present the case of a 61-year-old Laotian female who presented with a 1-week history of fever, altered mental status, oral ulceration, and rash. The patient developed diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and anemia requiring multiple transfusions. She eventually sustained multi-organ system failure and expired. Both the titer data and serologies were consistent with the diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. We hypothesize that this syndrome was the result of re-infection occurring within the United States. This case is also unusual in that it is the second reported in the literature of pulmonary hemorrhages associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Setlik, RF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 3852 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Robert.Setlik@cen.amedd.army.mil OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 97 IS 7 BP 688 EP 691 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 839SY UT WOS:000222806400013 PM 15301127 ER PT J AU Canfield, RA AF Canfield, RA TI Multipoint cubic surrogate function for sequential approximate optimization SO STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd ISSMO/AIAA Internet Conference on Approximations in Optimization CY OCT 14-25, 2002 CL ELECTR NETWORK SP ISSMO, AIAA DE multipoint approximation; optimization; response surface; surrogate function ID OPTIMUM STRUCTURAL DESIGN AB Multipoint cubic approximations are investigated as surrogate functions for nonlinear objective and constraint functions in the context of sequential approximate optimization. The proposed surrogate functions match actual function and gradient values, including the current expansion point, thus satisfying the zero and first-order necessary conditions for global convergence to a local minimum of the original problem. Function and gradient information accumulated from multiple design points during the iteration history is used in estimating a reduced Hessian matrix and selected cubic terms in a design subspace appropriate for problems with many design variables. The resulting approximate response surface promises to accelerate convergence to an optimal design within the framework of a trust region algorithm. The hope is to realize computational savings in solving large numerical optimization problems. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the new multipoint surrogate function in reducing errors over large changes in design variables. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Canfield, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, ENY, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Robert.Canfield@afit.edu RI Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-147X J9 STRUCT MULTIDISCIP O JI Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 326 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s00158-004-0391-2 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA 834CR UT WOS:000222389700004 ER PT J AU Trivedi, HK Klenke, CJ Saba, CS AF Trivedi, HK Klenke, CJ Saba, CS TI Effect of formulation and temperature on boundary lubrication performance of polyphenylethers (5P4E) SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE polyphenylether; boundary lubrication; rolling contact fatigue; wear; high temperature; turbine engine lubricant ID PRODUCTS; FATIGUE; ETHERS; M50 AB Two formulations of polyphenylether (PPE) (5P4E) were evaluated in boundary lubrication regime using a ball-on-rod type rolling contact fatigue (RCF) tester. RCF tests were conducted using VIM-VAR M50 bearing elements at a stress of 4.8 GPa. To study the lubricant's dynamic thermal stability and tribological characteristics, tests were conducted at temperatures ranging from 66 to 343degreesC for a 24 h period. As expected, both formulations showed higher oxidative stability compared to the base stock by 100degreesC. The dynamic thermal stability of formulation A (with tin based additive) in rolling contact tests surpassed formulation B (with an alkaline additive) by over 50degreesC. At higher temperatures, the PPEs showed heavy build-up of friction polymers in the contact zone. Viscosity showed only small changes for all the three PPE evaluated. Auger electron microscopy (AES) of tested specimens showed deFInite presence of tin in the tribofilm. Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) tests were conducted at 288degreesC on formulation A (PPE-A) and formulation B (PPE-B) in order to compare them to the state-of-the-art gas turbine engine lubricant MIL-PRF-7808L tested at 177degreesC. The L-50 fatigue life and wear of PPE-B at 288degreesC are comparable to that of MIL-PRF-7808L at 177degreesC. C1 UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Mech Syst Branch, Turbine Engn Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Trivedi, HK (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1023/B:TRIL.0000017412.45588.17 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 778JJ UT WOS:000189235800001 ER PT J AU Hager, CH Sanders, JH Sharma, S AF Hager, CH Sanders, JH Sharma, S TI Characterization of mixed and gross slip fretting wear regimes in Ti6Al4V interfaces at room temperature SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE fretting; wear; Ti6Al4V; gross slip; partial stick; hysteresis loop; fretting map ID TRIBOLOGICALLY TRANSFORMED STRUCTURE; POLYCRYSTALLINE RUTILE TI(N)O2N-1; INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; ANION-DEFICIENT RUTILE; LUBRICIOUS OXIDES; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; MAGNELI PHASES; COATINGS; TI-6AL-4V AB Fretting wear is a destructive phenomenon that can accelerate crack initiation in vibrating components, leading to premature catastrophic failures. Among the most important characteristics of fretting, is the transition from mixed fretting wear to gross slip. Research has shown that mixed fretting wear is the most detrimental to fatigue life. In this paper, a study was conducted that characterized the critical normal loads and displacements corresponding to the mixed fretting regime boundary in Ti6Al4V interfaces. Experimental testing shows that there is a linear relationship between critical load and displacement. Knowing the corresponding loads and displacements that induce mixed fretting conditions, will allow for the predetermination of wear regime in future tests. Tests conducted at or near the critical values of load and displacement exhibited extreme galling and evidence of cold welding. These tests also initially displayed mixed fretting wear; however, a cycle dependent transition to gross slip occurred in some tests. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AFRL, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hager, CH (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM carl.hager@wpafb.af.mil NR 37 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JUL PY 2004 VL 257 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2003.10.023 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 832YS UT WOS:000222304200021 ER PT J AU Magaziner, R Jin, O Mall, S AF Magaziner, R Jin, O Mall, S TI Slip regime explanation of observed size effects in fretting SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; contact width; size effects; relative slip ID INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; TI-6AL-4V AB Previous studies in fretting fatigue have observed size effects related to contact width such that a critical contact width exists where there is drastic change in the fretting fatigue life. Several fatigue or fracture mechanics based concepts have been invoked to explain this interesting observation by previous researchers. The experiments conducted in the present study were similar in nature to the previous studies, but analyses and conclusions are different. These tests were conducted to investigate the contact width effects as well as to characterize the contact condition as contact width changed. Two series of tests were performed in the present investigation which again showed the critical contact width phenomenon. Fretting hysteresis loops were recorded and the profiles of fretting scars were characterized. These showed that the critical contact width is a demarcation of contact condition between partial slip and gross slip on either side of this characteristic width in the present study. Either failure occurred in a relatively short fatigue life due to partial slip fretting condition or there was almost infinite fatigue life due to gross slip fretting condition. There was also a drastic difference in the magnitude of relative slip amplitude between pad and specimen in tests on either side of the critical contact width. Furthermore, the size of critical contact width was affected by the coefficient of friction. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JUL PY 2004 VL 257 IS 1-2 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2003.12.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 832YS UT WOS:000222304200023 ER PT J AU Fajardo, ME Tam, S DeRose, ME AF Fajardo, ME Tam, S DeRose, ME TI Matrix isolation spectroscopy of H2O, D2O, and HDO in solid parahydrogen SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE matrix isolation spectroscopy; solid parahydrogen; nuclear spin conversion; dopant-induced IR activity; cooperative absorption ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEAR-SPIN CONVERSION; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY RELAXATION; INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTRA; LONG PATH SPECTRA; CONDENSED-PHASE; FUNDAMENTAL BAND; OVERTONE REGION; LINE POSITIONS AB We present infrared (IR) absorption spectra over the 800-7800 cm(-1) region of cryogenic parahydrogen (pH(2)) solids doped with H2O, D2O and HDO molecules. Analysis of the rovibrational spectra of the isolated H2O, D2O and HDO monomers reveals their existence as very slightly hindered rotors, typically showing only 2-5% reductions in rotational constants relative to the gas phase. The nuclear spin conversion (NSC) of metastable J = 1 ortho-H2O (oH(2)O) and para-D2O (pD(2)O) molecules follow first order kinetics, with single exponential decay lifetimes at T = 2.4 K of 1900 +/- 100 s, and 860 +/- 50 s, respectively. We report without discussion some absorptions of water clusters produced during sample annealing. We report and assign a number of absorptions to oH(2)-water pairs or 'complexes'. The main features of the oH(2)-H2O and oH(2)-D2O spectra are explained qualitatively by assuming a semi-rigid C-2v structure with the oH(2) acting as a proton donor to the O atom. Surprisingly, NSC of oH(2)-water complexes proceeds at very nearly the same rate as for the corresponding water monomer. We report unassigned spectra of larger (oH(2))(n)-water clusters, and the even more surprising observation of the prolonged survival of oH(2)O and pD(2)O molecules clustered with several oH(2) molecules. We report and assign a number of water dopant-induced IR absorption features of the pH, host, along with cooperative water-pH(2) transitions in which the vibrational excitation of the pH(2), solid is accompanied by a pure rotational transition of the water dopant. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRSP, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Fajardo, ME (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MNME, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM mario.fajardo@eglin.af.mil RI Young, Nigel/B-5472-2010 NR 80 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD JUN 30 PY 2004 VL 695 SI SI BP 111 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2003.11.043 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 827SV UT WOS:000221922000011 ER PT J AU Pender, MJ Sowards, LA Maruyama, B Vaia, RA Stone, MO AF Pender, MJ Sowards, LA Maruyama, B Vaia, RA Stone, MO TI Spin-on catalyst: Straightforward and flexible route to substrate-grown single wall carbon nanotubes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; METAL-CATALYSTS; DIRECTED GROWTH; SILICON; NETWORKS; DENSITY; FILM AB The synthesis and characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) from simple catalytic precursors at 900 degreesC from methane and hydrogen is demonstrated. The catalyst precursor is comprised of iron nitrate and a commercially available siloxane polymer solution and is applied to various substrates via spin coating or dipping. The siloxane matrix simultaneously provides for the controlled formation of catalytic nanoparticles via phase separation and, upon heating, a smooth, continuous film of SiOx which prevents catalyst coarsening and agglomeration at growth conditions. Furthermore, the processibility of the polymer enables the formation of complex, 3D structures from which nanotubes can grow. This combination of processing ease, flexibility, and inherent multifunctionality provides facile, controllable growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes on a multitude of substrates and facilitates additional routes toward SWNT-based device fabrication. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stone, MO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM morley.stone@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 29 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 13 BP 2544 EP 2550 DI 10.1021/cm034851s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 832FJ UT WOS:000222252300007 ER PT J AU Hottle, JR Kim, HJ Deng, JJ Farmer-Creely, CE Viers, BA Esker, AR AF Hottle, JR Kim, HJ Deng, JJ Farmer-Creely, CE Viers, BA Esker, AR TI Blends of amphiphilic PDMS and trisilanolisobutyl-POSS at the air/water interface SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANES; OXYGEN-ATOM EROSION; SILOXANE COPOLYMERS; MOLECULAR LAYERS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; BREWSTER-ANGLE; WATER-SURFACE; POLYMERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; MICROSCOPY AB Blends of amphiphilic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and a model polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanofiller, trisilanolisobutyl-POSS, form homogeneous monolayers at the air/water interface. At high POSS content (>80 wt %), a thermodynamic analysis of surface pressure-area per monomer (Pi-A) isotherm data suggests possible phase separation prior to collapse of the PDMS component. PDMS bilayer formation that normally occurs around Pi approximate to 8 mN m(-1) shifts to higher surface pressures with increasing trisilanolisobutyl-POSS content, indicating compatibility between the two materials in the monolayer state that is analogous to a positive deviation binary liquid mixture. Further compression leads to the collapse of the POSS component into multilayer domains around Pi approximate to 17.5 mN m(-1). Brewster angle microscopy shows the amount of PDMS in the blend alters the aggregation state of the nonequilibrium solidlike trisilanolisobutyl-POSS domains. These results provide insight into POSS aggregation mechanisms that may be present in thicker films and bulk systems. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USAF, Res Labs, ERC, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Esker, AR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 29 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 13 BP 4900 EP 4908 DI 10.1021/ma049511m PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 832HR UT WOS:000222258600022 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Mahalingam, K AF Haugan, HJ Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Mahalingam, K TI Optimization of mid-infrared InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS AB The effect of small changes in GaSb layer width on the photoresponse spectrum of 20.5 Angstrom InAs/InSb-interfaces/X Angstrom GaSb type-II superlattice (SL) suitable for mid-infrared detection was investigated. By decreasing the GaSb width X from 27 to 18 Angstrom, the cut-off wavelength was increased from 4.03 to 4.55 mum. This decrease of the SL band gap and other effects of the design changes on photoresponse spectrum with narrower GaSb layers are explained by a nonperturbative, modified envelope function approximation calculation that includes the interface coupling of heavy, light, and spin-orbit holes resulting from the in-plane asymmetry at InAs/GaSb interfaces. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 28 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 26 BP 5410 EP 5412 DI 10.1063/1.1767598 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 831NH UT WOS:000222200600038 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Dajani, I Knize, RJ AF Lu, Y Dajani, I Knize, RJ TI Second-harmonic generation in periodically poled lithium niobate single-crystal fibres SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; LASER AB Periodic ferroelectric domain structures were introduced into lithium niobate (LiNbO3) single-crystal fibres by the electric field poling method using a configuration of direct electrode contact. The fibres filler were pumped with a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser with a CW input power as high as 1 W. The maximum generated second-harmonic signal was 1.6 mW, thus corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of 0.016%. C1 USAF Acad, LORC, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), USAF Acad, LORC, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.af.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN 24 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 13 BP 795 EP 796 DI 10.1049/el:20040516 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 835HC UT WOS:000222472300005 ER PT J AU Grote, JG Hagen, JA Zetts, JS Nelson, RL Diggs, DE Stone, MO Yaney, PP Heckman, E Zhang, C Steier, WH Jen, AKY Dalton, LR Ogata, N Curley, MJ Clarson, SJ Hopkins, FK AF Grote, JG Hagen, JA Zetts, JS Nelson, RL Diggs, DE Stone, MO Yaney, PP Heckman, E Zhang, C Steier, WH Jen, AKY Dalton, LR Ogata, N Curley, MJ Clarson, SJ Hopkins, FK TI Investigation of polymers and marine-derived DNA in optoelectronics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID DNA; HALF-WAVE VOLTAGE; LOW V-PI; ELECTROOPTIC MODULATORS AB Our research in nonlinear optic (NLO) polymer-based electro-optic (EO) modulators has centered on optimizing device performance through the using of polymer cladding layers with higher relative conductivities than the NLO core material. We have demonstrated as much as a 10 times increase in the effective EO coefficient of electrode poled, guest/host NLO polymers, compared to using passive polymer claddings. We have achieved the lowest poling voltage to date for maximum EO coefficient, 300 V, for a two-layer waveguide structure consisting of a 2 mum thick NLO polymer layer and 2 mum thick conductive cladding layer. Optimized polymer cladding materials posessing the desired optical and electromagnetic properties we find need to be balanced with materials processability. In addition to the conventional polymer materials under investigation, a novel material, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), derived from salmon sperm, has shown promise in providing both the desired optical and electromagnetic properties, as well as the desired resistance to various solvents used for NLO polymer device fabrication. Our investigation also includes intercalation of fluorescent dyes, photochromic dyes, nonlinear optic chromophores, two-photon dyes, and rare earth compounds into a DNA-based host material and comparing results with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based host materials. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45324 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Dayton, Electroopt Dept, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Locker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Photon Technol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Chitose Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Photon Mat Sci, Chitose, Hokkaido 0668655, Japan. Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Grote, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45324 USA. EM James.Grote@wpafb.af.mil RI Jen, Alex/E-5957-2012 NR 18 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 24 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 25 BP 8584 EP 8591 DI 10.1021/jp038056d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 830MI UT WOS:000222125900013 ER PT J AU Brousmiche, DW Serin, JM Frechet, JMJ He, GS Lin, TC Chung, SJ Prasad, PN Kannan, R Tan, LS AF Brousmiche, DW Serin, JM Frechet, JMJ He, GS Lin, TC Chung, SJ Prasad, PN Kannan, R Tan, LS TI Fluorescence resonance energy transfer in novel multiphoton absorbing dendritic structures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; OPTICAL-DATA STORAGE; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; 2-PHOTON-ABSORBING CHROMOPHORES; LASING PROPERTIES; ORGANIC MATERIALS; DYE-SOLUTION; MICROFABRICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES AB A series of small dendritic structures containing one of two efficient multiphoton absorbing dyes at the periphery and a nile red derivative at the core have been synthesized. These molecules display efficient ( > 96%) fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the periphery to the core on selective excitation of the two-photon absorbing chromophore by either UV (linear absorption) or high-intensity IR (nonlinear absorption) radiation. In addition, a significant increase in core emission is observed on excitation of the peripheral chromophores, compared to direct excitation of the core. This "antenna effect" essentially doubles between increasing dendrimer generations within a series. The combination of the ability of the peripheral chromophores to absorb high-intensity IR radiation, coupled with a very efficient energy transfer process and a significant increase in the fluorescence of the acceptor chromophore, makes these molecules potentially useful for a variety of applications, including optical power limiting and biomedical imaging. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MLBP, AFRL, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 49 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 24 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 25 BP 8592 EP 8600 DI 10.1021/jp049948w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 830MI UT WOS:000222125900014 ER PT J AU Crooker, NU Forsyth, R Rees, A Gosling, JT Kahler, SW AF Crooker, NU Forsyth, R Rees, A Gosling, JT Kahler, SW TI Counterstreaming electrons in magnetic clouds near 5 AU SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coronal mass ejections; heliospheric magnetic flux budget ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; HIGH HELIOGRAPHIC LATITUDES; SOLAR-WIND; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; FIELD LINES; FLUX; EVOLUTION; TOPOLOGY; EVENTS; DISTURBANCES AB Suprathermal electron pitch angle spectrograms were searched for counterstreaming signatures in 31 magnetic clouds identified in Ulysses data when the spacecraft was located similar to5 AU from the Sun. Under the assumption that counterstreaming indicates closed field lines, that is, field lines attached to the Sun at both ends, we find that the clouds range from 0 to 100% closed, with an average of 55% closed, and that the percentage of closed flux tends to increase with increasing cloud size. The results are similar to those found at 1 AU, implying that the rate at which a cloud opens, presumably by interchange reconnection back at the Sun, slows significantly as its leading edge moves further out into the heliosphere. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Crooker, NU (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM crooker@bu.edu; r.forsyth@ic.ac.uk; adam.rees@ic.ac.uk; jgosling@lanl.gov; stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 22 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A6 AR A06110 DI 10.1029/2004JA010426 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 839IT UT WOS:000222778000006 ER PT J AU Bunker, CE Harruff, BA Pathak, P Payzant, A Allard, LF Sun, YP AF Bunker, CE Harruff, BA Pathak, P Payzant, A Allard, LF Sun, YP TI Formation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in reverse micelles: Extreme sensitivity to preparation procedure SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NANOSIZED PARTICLES; CDS NANOCLUSTERS; SOLID-SOLUTION; CRYSTALLITES; ENERGY; INSITU C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Howard L Humter Chem Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 22 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 13 BP 5642 EP 5644 DI 10.1021/la049607 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 831DZ UT WOS:000222174800073 PM 15986713 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN AF Williamson, JM Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN TI Gas temperature determination in a N-2/Ar dielectric barrier discharge by diode-laser absorption spectroscopy and resolved plasma emission SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN DISCHARGE; OXYGEN; VOIGT; DIAGNOSTICS; STATE; TORCH AB The bulk gas temperature in a 30% N-2/70% Ar, short-pulsed (< 15 ns, FWHM) dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was determined from the time-resolved diode-laser absorption of metastable Ar 4s' [1/2]degrees and the rotationally resolved N-2(+) 1st Negative and N-2 2nd Positive plasma emission. The gas temperature, derived from the N-2(+) and N-2, emission spectra, was determined from contour analysis of individual vibrational bands in the 1st Negative and 2nd Positive systems, while the temperature under the same discharge cell conditions was determined from the Doppler width of the metastable Ar absorption spectrum. The gas temperature determined for a low average power DBD at pressures of 10, 30, and 100 Torr and pulse repetition rates of 0.5-30 kHz was found to be slightly above room temperature (similar to350-400 K) and did not vary with pulse repetition rate. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williamson, JM (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1658 EP 1663 AR PII S0022-3727(04)78132-2 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/37/12/010 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 835LX UT WOS:000222486000011 ER PT J AU Boffard, JB Lin, CC DeJoseph, CA AF Boffard, JB Lin, CC DeJoseph, CA TI Application of excitation cross sections to optical plasma diagnostics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON-IMPACT-EXCITATION; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE PLASMAS; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMAS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; COLLISIONAL-RADIATIVE MODEL; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; INERT-GAS ATOMS; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; METASTABLE LEVELS AB Many optical-based plasma diagnostic techniques require electron-impact excitation cross sections. In recent years, a considerable number of new results have become available for excitation of rare-gas atoms from both the around state and metastable states. Using relatively simple techniques these cross sections can be combined with plasma emission measurements to extract many useful plasma parameters such as the electron temperature. Many of the limitations of simple plasma emission models such as the corona model can be overcome by using cross section measurements to select what particular emission lines to use in the analysis. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boffard, JB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 120 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 12 BP R143 EP R161 AR PII S0022-3727(04)61802-X DI 10.1088/0022-3727/37/12/R01 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 835LX UT WOS:000222486000001 ER PT J AU Huang, CY Burke, WJ AF Huang, CY Burke, WJ TI Transient sheets of field-aligned current observed by DMSP during the main phase of a magnetic superstorm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field-aligned currents; superstorms; measured conductances; DMSP ID PLASMA SHEET; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; CONVECTION; SIMULATION; SUBSTORMS; SECTOR; FLUXES; QUIET; ELECTRODYNAMICS AB During the main phase of the 6 April 2000 magnetic storm with Dst congruent to -300 nT, four Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ( DMSP) satellites encountered intense sheets of field-aligned currents (FACs). Their magnetic perturbations were > 1300 nT, corresponding to integrated currents \J(\\)\ > 1 A/m. The FACs appeared in both the evening and dawn magnetic local time sectors. They had relatively fast rise times (similar to5 min), lasted for similar to0.5 hours, and were associated with widespread reconfigurations of plasma in the near-Earth magnetotail. The largest magnetic and related electric field perturbations occurred at magnetic latitudes <60 degrees. Magnetometer measurements from DMSP satellites show repeated episodes of similarly large FACs late in the main phase of this and other superstorms. Poynting flux calculations indicate that a few percent of the total ring current energy is dissipated as Joule heat in the midlatitude ionosphere during each of these events. A survey of ground magnetometers at auroral and middle latitudes found perturbations typically <200 nT, incommensurate with magnetic observations at the altitude of the DMSP satellites. The small ground responses reflect weak ionospheric Hall currents and provide an empirical validation of the theorem derived by Fukushima [1976]. Height-integrated Pedersen conductances (Sigma(P)) calculated with observed precipitating electron fluxes have significantly lower values than those estimated from Ohm's law using simultaneously measured electric and magnetic field variations. This discrepancy suggests that under some highly stressed conditions the neglect of contributions from low energy electrons and precipitating ions can lead to serious underestimates of S P and a consequent misunderstanding of the magnetosphere-ionosphere circuit. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Huang, CY (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 402 St Clements Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM cheryl.huang@hanscom.af.mil; william.burke2@hanscom.af.mil NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 16 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A6 AR A06303 DI 10.1029/2003JA010067 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 833HF UT WOS:000222327000001 ER PT J AU Corporan, E DeWitt, M Wagner, M AF Corporan, E DeWitt, M Wagner, M TI Evaluation of soot particulate mitigation additives in a T63 engine SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air Quality 3rd Conference on Mercury Trace Elements and Particulate Matter CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Arlington, VA DE additives; particulate; engine AB The performance of fuel additive candidates to mitigate soot particulate emissions in turbine engines was assessed in a T63 helicopter engine. Seventeen additives, including commercial compounds to reduce emissions in internal combustion engines, diesel cetane improvers, and experimental/proprietary additives, were evaluated. The additives were individually injected into the JP-8 fuel feed to the engine, and evaluated at a minimum of three concentration levels. The engine was operated at two conditions, idle and cruise, to investigate additive effects at different power settings or equivalence ratios. Particulate samples were collected from the engine exhaust using an oil-cooled probe, and analyzed using a suite of particulates instrumentation, which included a condensation nuclei counter (CNC), scanning mobility particle sizer (SNIPS), laser particle counter (LPC) and a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM). Results indicate that the diesel cetane improvers and commercial smoke abatement additives tested had minimal impact on particulate emissions in the T63 turboshaft engine. One proprietary additive was shown to reduce particle number density (PND) by up to 67% at the relatively high concentration of 3000 mg/l. These benefits were observed only at cruise condition, which may provide some insight into the mechanisms by which the additive suppresses the formation or enhances the oxidation of soot particles. Test results with blends of JP-8 and Norpar-13 (normal paraffins) show significant reductions in particulate emissions for both idle and cruise conditions demonstrating the potential environmental benefits of using blends of clean (low aromatic and low sulfur) fuels with JP-8. Comparisons of mass determination with different instruments and preliminary results of chemical characterization of particulate emissions with and without additives are also presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRTG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRTM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Corporan, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRTG, 1790 Loop Rd N, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM edwin.corporan@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 6-7 BP 727 EP 742 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.016 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 815GQ UT WOS:000221031200025 ER PT J AU Elhamri, S Berney, R Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Roberts, JC Rajagopal, P Gehrke, T Piner, EL Linthicum, KJ AF Elhamri, S Berney, R Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Roberts, JC Rajagopal, P Gehrke, T Piner, EL Linthicum, KJ TI An electrical characterization of a two-dimensional electron gas in GaN/AlGaN on silicon substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MOBILITY ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; HIGH-POWER APPLICATIONS; SCATTERING TIMES; CURRENT COLLAPSE; SINGLE-PARTICLE; EFFECTIVE-MASS; QUANTUM-WELLS AB We present results of transport measurements performed on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on silicon substrates. Variable temperature Hall effect measurements revealed that the temperature dependence of the carrier density and mobility were characteristic of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Carrier densities greater than 1x10(13) cm(-2) and Hall mobilities in excess of 1500 cm2/V s were measured at room temperature. Variable field Hall measurements at low temperatures, and in magnetic fields up to 6 T, indicated that conduction is dominated by a single carrier type in these samples. Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) measurements were also performed, but no oscillations were observed in fields up to 8 T and at temperatures as low as 1.2 K. Illuminating some of the samples with a blue (lambda=470 nm) light emitting diode (LED) induced a persistent increase in the carrier density. SdH measurements were repeated and again no oscillations were present following illumination. However, exposing the samples to radiation from an UV (lambda=395 nm) LED induced well-defined SdH oscillations in fields as low as 4 T. The observation of SdH oscillations confirmed the presence of a 2DEG in these structures. It is hypothesized that small angle scattering suppressed the oscillations before exposure to UV light. This conclusion is supported by the observed increase in the quantum scattering time, tau(q), with the carrier density and the calculated quantum to transport scattering times ratio, tau(q)/tau(c). For instance, in one of the samples the tau(q) increased by 32% while the tau(c) changed by only 3% as the carrier density increased; an indication of an increase in the screening of small angle scattering. The absence of SdH oscillations in fields up to 8 T and at temperatures as low as 1.2 K is not unique to AlGaN/GaN on silicon. This behavior was observed in AlGaN/GaN on sapphire and on silicon carbide. SdH oscillations were observed in one AlGaN/GaN on silicon carbide sample following exposure to radiation from an UV LED. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Nitronex Corp, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Elhamri, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM said.elhamri@notes.udayton.edu RI Piner, Edwin/B-5359-2016 NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 12 BP 7982 EP 7989 DI 10.1063/1.1736327 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 826QK UT WOS:000221843400063 ER PT J AU Smith, GA Dang, TN Nelson, TR Brown, JL Tsvetkov, D Usikov, A Dmitriev, V AF Smith, GA Dang, TN Nelson, TR Brown, JL Tsvetkov, D Usikov, A Dmitriev, V TI 341 nm emission from hydride vapor-phase epitaxy ultraviolet light-emitting diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; GAN; OPERATION; HVPE; SUBSTRATE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICE; SAPPHIRE AB Hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (HVPE) was used to grow aluminum gallium nitride-based p-n diode structures on sapphire (0001) substrates. In the diode structure, an n-type AlGaN photon-emitting layer was sandwiched between n-type and p-type AlGaN cladding layers that contained higher AlN concentrations. These diode structures were processed and subsequently packaged into transistor outline cans. The light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were characterized using a state-of-the-art spectroradiometer. LED spectral emission occurred at a peak wavelength of 341 nm with a typical full width at half-maximum of approximately 14 nm. Pulsed injection currents of 110 mA resulted in greater than 2 mW of optical output power at a wavelength of 341 nm. This HVPE-grown LED's pulsed optical power output level is comparable to reported results on similar sized metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown ultraviolet LEDs with emission wavelengths near 340 nm. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Technol & Devices Int Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Nelson@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 12 BP 8247 EP 8251 DI 10.1063/1.1738533 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 826QK UT WOS:000221843400106 ER PT J AU Hutson, JM Devine, RAB Schrimpf, RD AF Hutson, JM Devine, RAB Schrimpf, RD TI Electrical and radiation assisted passivation of Ta2O5/Si interface SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB An unusual interface state passivation effect has been observed in Al/Ta2O5/Si capacitors. The effect is found for negative bias stress fields similar to-0.4 MV cm-1, it is also observed for positive bias fields if the structures are simultaneously x irradiated. The passivation relaxes if the structure is heated to moderate temperatures (less than or equal to70 degreesC) for relatively short times (similar totens of minutes). Bias stress measurements also evidence the presence of positive and negative trapped charge in the Ta2O5 films in the "as-deposited" state. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Stevenson Ctr, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Hutson, JM (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM devine@chtm.unm.edu RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 12 BP 8463 EP 8465 DI 10.1063/1.1745116 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 826QK UT WOS:000221843400136 ER PT J AU Ruyten, W AF Ruyten, W TI Comment on "A new implementation of the Humlicek algorithm for the calculation of the Voigt profile function" by M. Kuntz [JQSRT 57(6) (1997) 819-824] SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Editorial Material DE Voigt function; spectral line profile AB This note corrects six typographical errors in formulas for the calculation of the Voigt function in a previous paper in this journal by Kuntz (JQSRT 57(6), (1997) 819). The magnitude of the errors are identified. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Ruyten, W (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM wim.ruyten@arnold.af.mil NR 3 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 86 IS 2 BP 231 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2003.12.027 PG 3 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 817XK UT WOS:000221210000009 ER PT J AU Lincoln, DM Vaia, RA Krishnamoorti, R AF Lincoln, DM Vaia, RA Krishnamoorti, R TI Isothermal crystallization of nylon-6/montmorillonite nanocomposites SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYAMIDE 6/MONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER/LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE NANOCOMPOSITES; NYLON-6 CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MELT-INTERCALATION; LAYERED SILICATE; GAMMA-FORM; THERMAL-STABILITY; 6-CLAY HYBRID AB The isothermal crystallization of in-situ-polymerized and melt-processed nylon-6/montmorillonite nanocomposites was studied by simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. The isothermal crystallization rates, in the nucleation-controlled regime, for the nanocomposites are significantly faster than that for the pristine nylon-6 and suggest that the layered silicates act as nucleating centers. Within the experimental resolution, the initial crystal phase formed between 185 and 205 degreesC in the presence of the layered silicate is the metastable gamma-phase, whereas the a-phase develops in the pristine nylon-6 at comparable temperatures. Additionally, the strong silicate-polymer interactions present in the in-situ-polymerized nanocomposites alter the crystallization process, creating a much weaker temperature dependence for the crystallization kinetics. Finally, the presence of well-dispersed layered silicates significantly disrupts the development of lamellar structure but does not alter the overall amounts of crystallinity. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011 OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X NR 71 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 12 BP 4554 EP 4561 DI 10.1021/ma049768k PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 828SZ UT WOS:000221994700030 ER PT J AU Wang, LB Price, MB Young, JL Kwon, C Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF Wang, LB Price, MB Young, JL Kwon, C Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN TI Observation of nonuniform current transport in epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x film near the superconducting transition temperature SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBCO film; inhomogeneity; t(e); variable temperature scanning laser microscopy ID SCANNING LASER MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; JUNCTIONS; PRESSURE AB We have studied the local transport properties in an epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x, (YBCO) film on LaAlO3 (LAO) using variable temperature scanning laser microscope (VTSLM) near the superconducting transition. A map of the superconducting transition temperature (T-c*) is generated from a series of VTSLM images. The map of T-c* indicates there are inhomogeneities in the film large enough to create nonuniform current flow near the superconducting transition. The evaluated T-c* varies between 90.3 and 91.0 K in the film. Even though such change in T-c* is not large enough to be detected by other localized compositional and structural characterization techniques. this along with an area of lower T-c* and/or higher resistance affects current flow near the superconducting transition temperature as shown in VTSLM images. This inhomogeneity may be caused by slight variations of the stoichiometry and/or oxidation of the YBCO film. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kwon, C (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM ckwon@csulb.edu RI Kwon, Chuhee/A-8687-2008 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 405 IS 3-4 BP 240 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2004.02.003 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 829TP UT WOS:000222073100006 ER PT J AU Boghosian, BA Love, PJ Yepez, J Coveney, PV AF Boghosian, BA Love, PJ Yepez, J Coveney, PV TI Galilean-invariant multi-speed entropic lattice Boltzmann models SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Anomalous Distributions, Nonlinear Dynamics and Nonextensivity CY NOV 06-09, 2002 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab DE lattice Boltzmann models; entropic lattice Boltzmann models; galilean invariance; Navier-Stokes equations ID H-THEOREM; EQUATION AB In recent work [Phys. Rev. E 68 (2003) 025103], it was shown that the requirement of Galilean invariance determined the form of the H function used in entropic lattice Boltzmann models for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in D dimensions. The form obtained was that of the Burg entropy for D = 2, and the Tsallis entropy with q = 1 - 2/D for D not equal 2. The conclusions obtained in that work were restricted to particles of a single-mass and speed on a Bravais lattice. In this work, we generalize the construction of such Galilean-invariant entropic lattice Boltzmann models by allowing for certain models with multiple masses and speeds. We show that the required H function for these models must be determined by solving a certain functional differential equation. Remarkably, the solutions to this equation also have the form of the Tsallis entropy, where q is determined by the solution to a certain transcendental equation, involving the dimension and symmetry properties of the lattice, as well as the masses and speeds of the particles. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Math, Medford, MA 02155 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. UCL, Dept Chem, Ctr Computat Sci, London WC1H 0AJ, England. RP Boghosian, BA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Math, Bromfield Pearson Hall, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM bruce.boghosian@tufts.edu NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 193 IS 1-4 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2004.01.018 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 830WH UT WOS:000222154400014 ER PT J AU Ganguly, BN Parish, JW AF Ganguly, BN Parish, JW TI Absolute H atom density measurement in pure methane pulsed discharge SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IGNITION AB Absolute atomic hydrogen and methyl radical production resulting from direct electron impact dissociative excitation of CH4 has been measured in pulsed discharge by two-photon allowed laser induced fluorescence. For 20 Torr pure methane discharge with 480 ns pulse duration, 4-6 kV voltage applied, and 6-11.5 mJ input electrical energy yield of 10-22x10(15) cm(-3) hydrogen atoms, i.e., up to 4.5% dissociation of CH4 is achieved by direct electron impact with 50% energy conversion efficiency. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ganguly, BN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 14 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 24 BP 4953 EP 4955 DI 10.1063/1.1760888 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 825YA UT WOS:000221793600039 ER PT J AU Moen, J Oksavik, K Carlson, HC AF Moen, J Oksavik, K Carlson, HC TI On the relationship between ion upflow events and cusp auroral transients SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS EISCAT SVALBARD; OUTFLOW; IONOSPHERE; RADAR AB In this paper we present a one-to-one relationship between poleward moving auroral forms (PMAFs) and ion upflows in the cusp. Ion upflows have the same quasi-periodic nature as cusp auroral transients, which are believed to be a signature of flux-transfer events. This new observation corroborates the idea that low energy particle precipitation is the dominant source of energy for ion upflows. Some events were lacking elevated T-i which indicates that frictional heating is not required. The ion upflow events broadened with altitude in characteristic V-shape. We suggest that each PMAF was associated with an inverted V- potential structure moving over the radar. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway. USAF, Res Lab, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Moen, J (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM j.i.moen@fys.uio.no; kjellmar.oksavik@fys.uio.no NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 12 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 11 AR L11808 DI 10.1029/2004GL020129 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 829XO UT WOS:000222085200006 ER PT J AU Oksavik, K Moen, J Carlson, HC AF Oksavik, K Moen, J Carlson, HC TI High-resolution observations of the small-scale flow pattern associated with a poleward moving auroral form in the cusp SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; HF RADAR; MAGNETOPAUSE; SIGNATURES; MAGNETOSPHERE; RECONNECTION; IONOSPHERE AB In this paper we present high-resolution observations by the EISCAT Svalbard Radar of the localized ionospheric flow response due to one single flux transfer event and the relative location of a poleward moving auroral form. In a fast scan mode the radar was tracking a 50-60 km wide channel of westward flow in the cusp region. This flow channel was surrounded by flow running in the opposite direction. At the poleward edge of the narrow flow channel a poleward moving auroral form was situated, consistent with the auroral form being the signature of an upward Birkeland current filament. Our observations can be interpreted in terms of the Southwood [1985, 1987] flux transfer model, and the FTE twin-cell flow pattern appears to be a ripple onto the larger-scale background convection. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Oksavik, K (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Postboks 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM kjellmar.oksavik@fys.uio.no OI Oksavik, Kjellmar/0000-0003-4312-6992 NR 22 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 11 AR L11807 DI 10.1029/2004GL019838 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 829XL UT WOS:000222084800003 ER PT J AU Brooks, GP Powers, JM AF Brooks, GP Powers, JM TI Standardized pseudo spectral formulation of the inviscid supsersonic blunt body problem SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE shock fitting; supersonic blunt body; Euler equations; pseudospectral method; system of ordinary differential equations ID DEPENDENT BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; EULER EQUATIONS; SHOCK-WAVES; INSTABILITY; ACCURACY; FLOWS AB A highly accurate pseudospectral numerical approximation to the generalized coordinate, nonconservative form of the Euler equations is implemented for supersonic flow over an axisymmetric blunt body geometry; shock fitting is employed to maintain global accuracy and minimize the corrupting influence of numerical viscosity. The variables in the Euler equations as well as the physical grid coordinates are collocated via Lagrange interpolating polynomials and the problem is then cast in the standard form of a large system of ordinary differential equations, dx/dtau = q(x), which can be solved using standard solution techniques that do not require an explicit criteria for the minimum time step. Code verification is performed by demonstrating through a series of grid refinement tests that the error in the approximation to a Taylor-Maccoll solution converges to 10(-12). Grid refinement tests for flow over a blunt body show convergence of the numerical error also to 10(-12). The code is validated for supersonic flow over a blunt body by comparison with the modified Newtonian approximation for the surface pressure distribution and empirical predictions for the shock shape. The ability of the method to capture unsteady flow phenomena is demonstrated on the problem of a planar acoustic wave interacting with an attached shock. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Powers, JM (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 372 Fitzpatrick Hall Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM Gregory.Brooks@wpafb.af.mil; powers@nd.edu RI Powers, Joseph/A-7086-2013 OI Powers, Joseph/0000-0001-8694-8369 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUN 10 PY 2004 VL 197 IS 1 BP 58 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.11.017 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 826MK UT WOS:000221833000003 ER PT J AU Zink, F Vincent, RA Murphy, E Cote, O AF Zink, F Vincent, RA Murphy, E Cote, O TI Comparison of radar and in situ measurements of atmospheric turbulence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE turbulence; remote sensing ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION RATES; VERTICAL EDDY DIFFUSIVITY; CLEAR-AIR; VHF RADAR; DOPPLER SPECTRA; STRATOSPHERE; MIDDLE; PARAMETERS AB We compare measurements of refractive index structure constant C-n(2) and energy dissipation rate epsilon by VHF radar with in situ observations by high-resolution thermosondes during a campaign near Adelaide, Australia, in August 1998. A total of 17 thermosonde soundings was performed within a distance of 120 km to the radar site. The variance between estimates of from backscattered radar power and in situ thermosonde observations is found to be comparable to the observed variance of the radar estimates due to temporal and spatial variations of the turbulent parameters ( angle brackets denote average over the radar range resolution of 1 km). The high-resolution thermosonde observations allow us to test the applicability of the turbulent volume fraction model to the estimation of from . The data indicate that the turbulent volume fraction should not be modeled as the fraction of unstable layers with gradient Richardson number R-i < 0.25. C1 Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. USAF, Res Lab, Battle Space Environm Div, Hanscon AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Zink, F (reprint author), deCode Genet Inc, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM fzink@physics.adelaide.edu.au; robert.vincent@adelaide.edu.au; edmund.murphy@hanscom.af.mil; ocote@plh.af.mil NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 8 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D11 AR D11108 DI 10.1029/2003JD003991 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 829XQ UT WOS:000222085400001 ER PT J AU Kang, BS Mehandru, R Kim, S Ren, F Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Moser, N Jessen, G Jenkins, T Dettmer, R Via, D Crespo, A Gila, BP Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ AF Kang, BS Mehandru, R Kim, S Ren, F Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Moser, N Jessen, G Jenkins, T Dettmer, R Via, D Crespo, A Gila, BP Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ TI Hydrogen-induced reversible changes in drain current in Sc2O3/AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SILICON-CARBIDE; GAN SURFACES; OXIDE; DIODES; SENSOR; BEHAVIOR; NITRIDE; DEVICES; PT/GAN AB Pt contacted AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with Sc2O3 gate dielectrics show reversible changes in drain-source current upon exposure to H-2-containing ambients, even at room temperature. The changes in current (as high as 3 mA for relatively low gate voltage and drain-source voltage) are approximately an order of magnitude larger than for Pt/GaN Schottky diodes and a factor of 5 larger than Sc2O3/AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) diodes exposed under the same conditions. This shows the advantage of using a transistor structure in which the gain produces larger current changes upon exposure to hydrogen-containing ambients. The increase in current is the result of a decrease in effective barrier height of the MOS gate of 30-50 mV at 25degreesC for 10% H-2/90% N-2 ambients relative to pure N-2 and is due to catalytic dissociation of the H-2 on the Pt contact, followed by diffusion to the Sc2O3/AlGaN interface. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kang, BS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 7 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 23 BP 4635 EP 4637 DI 10.1063/1.1759372 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824AV UT WOS:000221656900013 ER PT J AU Hong, L Cui, NZ Pronobis, MT Scott, S AF Hong, L Cui, NZ Pronobis, MT Scott, S TI Simultaneous ground moving target tracking and identification using wavelets features from HRR data SO INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM AB An algorithm for simultaneous ground moving target tracking and identification (ID) using both Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) radar reports and High Resolution Range (HRR) radar profiles is presented in this paper. The GMTI data provide target kinematics information and the HRR profiles deliver target ID information. Wavelet coefficients are first extracted from HRR profiles and then processed by a state-of-the-art wavelets-based statistical signal processing technique: wavelets domain hidden Markov trees (HMT). A probabilistic approach is adopted to effectively track and identify ground moving targets in confusing scenarios. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFEA, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Hong, L (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM lhong@cs.wright.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0020-0255 J9 INFORM SCIENCES JI Inf. Sci. PD JUN 4 PY 2004 VL 162 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.ins.2003.09.016 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 829TD UT WOS:000222071700007 ER PT J AU Lucia, DJ Beran, PS AF Lucia, DJ Beran, PS TI Reduced-order model development using proper orthogonal decomposition and Volterra theory SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOVING SHOCKS; FLOW; REDUCTION; SYSTEMS; EQUATIONS AB A new approach for generating reduced-order models of fluid systems was developed using proper orthogonal decomposition in combination with Volterra theory. The method involves idenifying fluid basis functions with proper orthogonal decomposition and applying systems realization theory to generate a low-dimensional model for the scalar coefficients. The method was tested on a two-dimensional inviscid flow over a bump with forcing. Eight fluid basis functions were identified, and the eigensystem realization algorithm was used to identify an eight-state, reduced-order model. Time histories of both the reduced-order coefficients and the expanded flowfield data accurately tracked the full-order results in both amplitude and phase (average error less than 5%). The reduced-order model demonstrated four-orders-of-magnitude reduction in compute time relative to the full system, which represents a computational improvement on the same order as the reduction in degrees of freedom. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucia, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Bldg 146,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.lucia@wpafb.af.mil; philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1181 EP 1190 DI 10.2514/1.10419 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 827LW UT WOS:000221902300014 ER PT J AU Choi, SK Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA Pettit, CL AF Choi, SK Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA Pettit, CL TI Polynomial chaos expansion with Latin hypercube sampling for estimating response variability SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 44th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 07-10, 2003 CL NORFOLK, VA SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS; DESIGNS AB A computationally efficient procedure for quantifying uncertainty and finding significant parameters of uncertainty models is presented. To deal with the random nature of input parameters of structural models, several efficient probabilistic methods are investigated. Specifically, the polynomial chaos expansion with Latin hypercube sampling is used to represent the response of an uncertain system. Latin hypercube sampling is employed for evaluating the generalized Fourier coefficients of the polynomial chaos expansion. Because the key challenge in uncertainty analysis is to find the most significant components that drive response variability, analysis of variance is employed to find the significant parameters of the approximation model. Several analytical examples and a large finite element model of a joined-wing are used to verify the effectiveness of this procedure. C1 Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Choi, SK (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM schoi@cs.wright.edu; rgrandhi@cs.wright.edu; canfield@afit.edu; chris.pettit@wpafb.af.mil RI Choi, Seung-Kyum/A-5914-2010; Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 19 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1191 EP 1198 DI 10.2514/1.2220 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 827LW UT WOS:000221902300015 ER PT J AU Miller, MD Kline, AJ Jepsen, KG AF Miller, MD Kline, AJ Jepsen, KG TI "All-inside" meniscal repair devices - An experimental study in the goat model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE knee; meniscus; repair; all-inside ID BIOABSORBABLE ARROWS; CHONDRAL INJURY; FOREIGN-BODY; FOLLOW-UP; FAILURE; IMPLANT; TEARS AB Background: Although the use of "all-inside" absorbable meniscal repair devices has become popular, numerous complications have been reported. The authors applied their well-established goat model to evaluate three "all-inside" meniscal repair devices. Methods: A "tear" was created in the medial meniscus of both knees in 26 goats. The animals were randomized into four groups, and the meniscus was treated as follows: (A) meniscal repair with Mitek Fastner, (B) meniscal repair with BioStinger, (C) meniscal repair with Mitek Clearfix Screw, and (D) no repair. All animals were sacrificed at 6 months postoperatively, and all specimens were carefully evaluated and results recorded and compared with historical results of meniscal repair with suture in this same animal model. Results: Meniscal repair results with all three all-inside devices studied were inferior to suture repair. Chondral injury was present in 75% to 100% of repairs with all-inside devices and none of the control specimens. Discussion/Conclusion: Although new all-inside meniscal repair devices are relatively quick and easy, results may not be as good as with traditional suture techniques. The high rate of chondral injury associated with these devices in the goat model is worrisome for chondral damage in humans, especially in patients with smaller or tighter knees. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Sch Med, POB 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 858 EP 862 DI 10.1177/0363546503260068 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 824SH UT WOS:000221706200001 PM 15150030 ER PT J AU Horne, SK Lowry, TR Horlbeck, DM AF Horne, SK Lowry, TR Horlbeck, DM TI Radiology quiz case 2 - Hypoplasia of the left transverse dural sinus and a prominent right transverse sinus and jugular bulb causing right-sided objective tinnitus SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID VEIN C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Horne, SK (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0886-4470 EI 1538-361X J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 130 IS 6 BP 797 EP + DI 10.1001/archotol.130.6.797 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 828ZQ UT WOS:000222012900020 PM 15210568 ER PT J AU Lyons, TJ Kraft, NO Copley, GB Davenport, C Grayson, K Binder, H AF Lyons, TJ Kraft, NO Copley, GB Davenport, C Grayson, K Binder, H TI Analysis of mission and aircraft factors in g-induced loss of consciousness in the USAF: 1982-2002 SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE G-LOC incidence rates; crash rates; accident rates; fatality rates; accident epidemiology ID EXPERIENCE AB Introduction: Previous studies have used questionnaires to evaluate G-LOC incident rates in different aircraft types, but no studies of G-LOC-related incident, crash, and fatality rates in different aircraft types were found in a search of the literature. Methods: G-LOC events (including both incidents and crashes) for the fiscal years 1982 to 2002 were obtained from the USAF Safety Center. Aircraft sortie numbers were obtained for all aircraft that had a G-LOC event reported. Contingency table analysis and Chi-squared tests were used to evaluate differences in G-LOC rates. Results: Overall 559 G-LOC events occurred for a rate of 25.9 per million sorties (PMS), but event rates differed by almost two orders of magnitude between aircraft categories, being highest in basic training aircraft, intermediate in single crewmember fighters, and lowest in other aircraft types (p < 0.001). The proportion of events resulting in crashes was 30% in single-crewmember aircraft compared with 0.6% in trainers and other two-crewmember aircraft (p < 0.001). All of the crashes and fatalities occurred in aircraft occupied at the time by only a single crewmember. The crash fatality rate was 100% in attack aircraft, 73% in single-crewmember fighters, and zero in basic trainers (p < 0.05). The F-15 and F-16 aircraft did not have higher G-LOC rates than other single-seat fighters. Discussion: The data suggest that both crew complement and mission play a role in determining G-LOC rates. The data also suggest that G-LOC in an aircraft with a ground attack mission is more likely to result in a fatality. C1 Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Minatu Ku, Tokyo 1060032, Japan. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Human Factors Res & Technol Div, SJSU Fdn, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. HQ Air Force Safety Ctr, Res & Epidemiol Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. FAA SW Reg Directorate, Ft Worth, TX USA. USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lyons, TJ (reprint author), Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Minatu Ku, 7-23-17 Roppongi, Tokyo 1060032, Japan. EM lyonst@aoard.af.mil NR 7 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 6 BP 479 EP 482 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 824IV UT WOS:000221680900001 PM 15198271 ER PT J AU Tvaryanas, AP AF Tvaryanas, AP TI Visual scan patterns during simulated control of an uninhabited aerial vehicle (UAV) SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Unmanned aerial vehicle; Predator; eye tracking; dwell frequency; dwell time; workload AB Background: This study investigated pilots' visual scan patterns on an uninhabited aerial vehicle (UAV) flight display that used moving textbox symbology to emulate vertical moving pointers for the primary flight instruments. Methods: Eye tracking measurements were recorded for five instrument-rated pilots. Dwell frequencies and mean dwell times were calculated for each instrument. The efficiency of instrument information presentation was evaluated based on mean dwell times and dwell histograms. The heading indicator, a strict digital readout, was used as the reference for pair-wise comparison with the moving textbox instruments. Results: Instrument dwell frequencies differed significantly (p < 0.005, alpha = 0.006) with the attitude indicator being the most frequently scanned instrument followed by the vertical speed indicator, then the airspeed, heading, and altitude indicators. There was no difference in mean dwell times (p = 0.04-0.79, alpha = 0.008) or dwell histograms between the heading indicator and the primary moving textbox instruments. Pilot scan behavior was not significantly affected (p > 0.17) by workload. Also, subjects and historical controls did not differ (p > 0.30) in their frequency of engine instrument dwells. Conclusion: The dwell frequencies for the primary flight instruments, particularly the vertical speed indicator, differed from those reported for more traditional aircraft. The moving textboxes required visual fixations that were typical of quantitative instruments, which is a cognitively inefficient way to present information. Pilots failed to increase engine instrument dwells in the absence of non-visual cues of engine performance, making them potentially vulnerable to missing early changes in engine performance. C1 USAF, SAM, MTM, GE, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Tvaryanas, AP (reprint author), USAF, SAM, MTM, GE, 2602 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM anthony.tvaryanas@brooks.af.mil NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 75 IS 6 BP 531 EP 538 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 824IV UT WOS:000221680900010 PM 15198280 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Vitek, L AF Schwertner, HA Vitek, L TI Low serum bilirubin concentrations and risk of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus nephropathy. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Charles Univ, Dept Internal Med, Prague, Czech Republic. Charles Univ, Inst Clin Biochem & Lab Diagnost, Prague, Czech Republic. RI Vitek, Libor/A-2645-2008 OI Vitek, Libor/0000-0002-5318-0151 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 50 IS 6 SU S BP A53 EP A53 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 828EC UT WOS:000221955200170 ER PT J AU Powell, S McCone, D AF Powell, S McCone, D TI Treatment of adjustment disorder with anxiety: A September 11, 2001, case study with a 1-year follow-up SO COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PANIC DISORDER AB This article describes the application of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of a 20-year-old White male manifesting an adjustment disorder with anxiety, who initially presented on September 1q, 2001, following the terrorist attacks. The initial treatment regime lasted 8 weeks. In addition, follow-up sessions at 6, 11, and 12 months were conducted. A combination of 4 cognitive behavioral therapy techniques, including cognitive impulse control, challenging irrational beliefs, stress management skills, and relaxation training, was applied, To determine treatment efficacy, the Outcome Questionnaire-45 (Lambert T Burlingame, 1996) zoos administered 6 times in a pre-, during, and Posttreatment fashion. Treatment results suggest that this combination of techniques was effective in reducing the client's anxiety and increasing his functioning. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Powell, S (reprint author), POB 2914, Cheyenne, WY 82003 USA. EM shawndp@yahoo.com NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC ADV BEHAVIOR THERAPY PI NEW YORK PA 305 7TH AVE #16A, NEW YORK, NY 10001-6008 USA SN 1077-7229 J9 COGN BEHAV PRACT JI Cogn. Behav. Pract. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 11 IS 3 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S1077-7229(04)80047-6 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 916WS UT WOS:000228417900007 ER PT J AU Phillips, CA Repperger, DW Neidhard-Doll, AT Reynolds, DB AF Phillips, CA Repperger, DW Neidhard-Doll, AT Reynolds, DB TI Biomimetic model of skeletal muscle isometric contraction: I. an energetic-viscoelastic model for the skeletal muscle isometric force twitch SO COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE biomimetic; skeletal muscle; energetic; viscoelastic; isometric force twitch; Hill model ID MOTOR UNITS; HINDLIMB; POPULATIONS; SARCOMERE; FIBERS; TIME; RAT AB This paper describes a revision of the Hill-type muscle model so that it will describe the chemo-mechanical energy conversion process (energetic) and the internal-element stiffness variation (viscoelastic) during a skeletal muscle isometric force twitch contraction. The derivation of this energetic-viscoelastic model is described by a first-order linear ordinary differential equation with constant energetic and viscoelastic coefficients. The model has been implemented as part of a biomimetic model, which describes the excitation-contraction coupling necessary to drive the energetic-viscoelastic model. Finally, the energetic-viscoelastic model is validated by comparing its isometric force-time profile with that of various muscles reported in the literature. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Phillips, CA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, 204 Russ Engn Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM chandler.phillips@wright.edu NR 28 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-4825 J9 COMPUT BIOL MED JI Comput. Biol. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4 BP 307 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0010-4825(03)00061-1 PG 16 WC Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 822EV UT WOS:000221520600003 PM 15121002 ER PT J AU Neidhard-Doll, AT Phillips, CA Repperger, DW Reynolds, DB AF Neidhard-Doll, AT Phillips, CA Repperger, DW Reynolds, DB TI Biomimetic model of skeletal muscle isometric contraction: II. A phenomenological model of the skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling process SO COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE biomimetic; skeletal muscle; energetic; viscoelastic; isometric force twitch; Hill model; compartmental model ID MUSCULAR CONTRACTION; CALCIUM TRANSIENTS; FIBERS; ACTIVATION; RELEASE; CA2+ AB This paper describes a new macroscopic, phenomenological model of the skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling process, as represented by four principal and consecutive compartments (biophysical, biochemical, and biomechanical phases) characteristic of isometric excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian skeletal muscle, and coupled by a system of simultaneous, first-order linear ordinary differential equations. The model is based upon biological compartmental transport kinetics and irreversible thermodynamic energy transformation, and represents a distinct improvement over other biomimetic models. The model was derived using physiological parameter data published in the literature, and validated using MATLAB R12(TM). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, WP AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Phillips, CA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, 207,Russ Engn Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM chandler.phillips@wright.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-4825 J9 COMPUT BIOL MED JI Comput. Biol. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4 BP 323 EP 344 DI 10.1016/S0010-4825(03)00062-3 PG 22 WC Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 822EV UT WOS:000221520600004 PM 15121003 ER PT J AU Harvey, D Danial, A Davis, T Godden, J Jackson, M McCuskey, J Valenzuela, P AF Harvey, D Danial, A Davis, T Godden, J Jackson, M McCuskey, J Valenzuela, P TI Advanced cryocooler electronics for space SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Space Cryogenics Workshop CY SEP 18-19, 2003 CL Girdwood, AK DE pulse tube (E); digital electronics (F); space cryogenics (F) AB Space pulse-tube cryocoolers require electronics to control the cooling temperature and self-induced vibration. Other functions include engineering diagnostics, telemetry and safety protection of the unit against extreme environments and operational anomalies. The electronics must survive the harsh conditions of launch and orbit, and in some cases severe radiation environments for periods exceeding 10 years. A number of our current generation high reliability radiation hardened electronics units have been launched and others are in various stages of assembly or integration on a number of space]light programs. This paper describes the design features and performance of our next generation flight electronics designed for the STSS payloads. The electronics provides temperature control with better than +/-50 mK short-term stability. Self-induced vibration is controlled to low levels on all harmonics up to the 16th. A unique active power filter limits peak-to-peak reflected ripple current on the primary power bus to less than 3% of the average DC current. The 3 kg unit is capable of delivering 180 W continuous to NGST's high-efficiency cryocooler (HEC). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Harvey, D (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Space Technol, M-S R9-817,1 Space Pk, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. EM dave.harvey@ngc.com NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD JUN-AUG PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6-8 BP 589 EP 593 DI 10.1016/j.cryocooler.2004.03.016 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 832XA UT WOS:000222299800032 ER PT J AU Fawaz, SA Andersson, B AF Fawaz, SA Andersson, B TI Accurate stress intensity factor solutions for corner cracks at a hole SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE stress intensity factor; corner crack; finite element analysis; hp-version; vertex ID COMPONENTS AB Laboratory test and in-service experience shows fatigue cracks at holes exhibit unsymmetric growth; thus, the need for the new solutions is paramount. Stress intensity factor, K, solutions for symmetric and unsymmetric corner cracks at a hole subject to general loading were determined using a hp-version of the finite element method (FEM) in conjunction with a mathematical splitting scheme to enable efficient, accurate calculations. In traditional applications of the FEM, mesh generation is labor intensive; however, using the splitting scheme, stress intensity functions are obtained without explicitly including the crack in the FE mesh of the global structure. By using the lip-version of FEM, a set of K-solutions converging exponentially fast to the exact solution is obtained. The crack is analyzed in the local domain with easily generated FE meshes. All structurally significant crack shapes were considered; specifically, crack depth to crack length ratios (a/c) of 0.1-10.0, crack depth to sheet thickness ratios (a/t) of 0.10-0.99, and hole radius to sheet thickness ratios (r/t) = 1.0. The loading conditions were remote tension, remote bending, and pin loading (bearing). In addition, all combinations of a/c and a/t are analyzed at each side of the hole; thus 226,875 solutions were developed with control of the error in the computed K solutions. Calculated relative error is generally much smaller than 1% along the entire crack front including the vertex regions. Comparisons are made to solutions in the open literature. The new K solutions show the literature solutions are, in general, accurate for all three load conditions; however, for the extreme cases of a/c, a/t, and r/t; the literature solutions differ by as much as 26%. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Swedish Def Res Agcy, Aeronaut Div, SE-16111 Bromma, Sweden. RP Fawaz, SA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM scott.fawaz@usafa.af.mil; ba@foi.se NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JUN-JUL PY 2004 VL 71 IS 9-10 BP 1235 EP 1254 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(03)00207-8 PG 20 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 776BM UT WOS:000189095200003 ER PT J AU Vroblesky, DA Clinton, BD Vose, JM Casey, CC Harvey, G Bradley, PM AF Vroblesky, DA Clinton, BD Vose, JM Casey, CC Harvey, G Bradley, PM TI Ground water chlorinated ethenes in tree trunks: Case studies, influence of recharge, and potential degradation mechanism SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; EUCALYPTUS-CAMALDULENSIS; STREAM WATER; CONTAMINATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; HYDROCARBONS; MICROCOSMS; AQUIFER; PLANTS; RINGS AB Trichloroethene (TCE) was detected in cores of trees growing above TCE-contaminated ground at three sites: the Carswell Golf Course in Texas, Air Force Plant PJKS in Colorado, and Naval Weapons Station Charleston in South Carolina. This was true even when the depth to water was 7.9 m or when the contaminated aquifer was confined beneath similar to3 m of clay. Additional ground water contaminants detected in the tree cores were cis-1,2-dichloroethene at two sites and tetrachloroethene at one site. Thus, tree coring can be a rapid and effective means of locating shallow subsurface chlorinated ethenes and possibly identifying zones of active TCE dechlorination. Tree cores collected over time were useful in identifying the onset of ground water contamination. Several factors affecting chlorinated ethene concentrations in tree cores were identified in this investigation. The factors include ground water chlorinated ethene concentrations and depth to ground water contamination. In addition, differing TCE concentrations around the trunk of some trees appear to be related to the roots deriving water from differing areas. Opportunistic uptake of infiltrating rainfall can dilute prerain TCE concentrations in the trunk. TCE concentrations in core headspace may differ among some tree species. In some trees, infestation of bacteria in decaying heartwood may provide a TCE dechlorination mechanism within the trunk. C1 US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. So Div Naval Facil Engn Command, N Charleston, SC 29406 USA. USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vroblesky, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Stephenson Ctr, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM vroblesk@usgs.gov; bclinton@fs.fed.us; jvose@fs.fed.us; cliff.casey@navy.mil; gregory.harvey@wpafb.af.mil; pbradley@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 124 EP 138 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 850FC UT WOS:000223595600012 ER PT J AU Jividen, DD AF Jividen, DD TI Rediscovering international law through dialogue rather than diatribe: Reflections on an international legal conference in the aftermath of Operation Iraqi Freedom SO HARVARD JOURNAL OF LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NATURAL LAW; MORALITY; CHARTER; RIGHTS C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Jividen, DD (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARVARD SOC LAW PUBLIC POLICY PI CAMBRIDGE PA HARVARD LAW SCHOOL, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0193-4872 J9 HARVARD J LAW PUBL P JI Harv. J. Law Public Policy PD SUM PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 691 EP 724 PG 34 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 874XX UT WOS:000225385100001 ER PT J AU Cook, ML AF Cook, ML TI Ethical and legal dimensions of the Bush "preemption" strategy SO HARVARD JOURNAL OF LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Rule of Law in Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations CY SEP 16, 2003 CL Garmisch, GERMANY SP United States European Command, Fed Republic Germany Minist Defense C1 USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cook, ML (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARVARD SOC LAW PUBLIC POLICY PI CAMBRIDGE PA HARVARD LAW SCHOOL, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0193-4872 J9 HARVARD J LAW PUBL P JI Harv. J. Law Public Policy PD SUM PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3 BP 797 EP 815 PG 19 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 874XX UT WOS:000225385100005 ER PT J AU Brunsvold, AL Minton, TK Gouzman, I Grossman, E Gonzalez, R AF Brunsvold, AL Minton, TK Gouzman, I Grossman, E Gonzalez, R TI An investigation of the resistance of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane polyimide to atomic-oxygen attack SO HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment CY JUN 16-20, 2003 CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS DE atomic oxigen; polymererosion; POSS; polyimide; Kapton; erosion resistance ID POLYMERS; PROTECTION; EROSION AB Hybrid inorganic/organic polymers have been prepared by copolymerizing a polyimide having the same chemical repeat unit as Kapton with an open-cage polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). These POSS/polyimide hybrid polymers are Kapton-like polymers containing POSS nanoparticles that are chemically bound into the polymer chain. Samples of these POSS polyimides, as well as polyimide controls, have been exposed to a hyperthermal O-atom beam that is produced by a laser-detonation source. Exposed and unexposed surfaces have been characterized by surface profilometry, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The data indicate that the POSS-containing polyimides have significantly lower erosion yields than Kapton, because they form a surface SiO2 layer which passivates the surface and protects the underlying polymer from further O-atom attack. These results suggest promise for the use of a POSS polyimide polymer as a "drop-in" replacement for Kapton on spacecraft operating in the low-Earth orbital environment. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Soreq Nucl Res Ctr, Space Environm Sect, IL-81800 Yavne, Israel. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Applicat Branch, Space & Missile Propuls Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Minton, TK (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 108 Gaines Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM tminton@montana.edu RI Brunsvold, Amy/H-4315-2016 OI Brunsvold, Amy/0000-0001-9257-2978 NR 17 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 28 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-0083 J9 HIGH PERFORM POLYM JI High Perform. Polym. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 2 BP 303 EP 318 DI 10.1177/0954008304044121 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 830UE UT WOS:000222148300012 ER PT J AU Heidler, JT Heidler, DS AF Heidler, JT Heidler, DS TI A short, offhand, killing affair: Soldiers and social conflict during the Mexican-American War. SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ So Colorado, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. RP Heidler, JT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD SUM PY 2004 VL 66 IS 2 BP 348 EP 349 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 826SY UT WOS:000221850200015 ER PT J AU Carrese, P AF Carrese, P TI Articulating America: Fashioning a national political culture in Early America, essays in honor of J.R. Pole SO HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Carrese, P (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPRINT ACADEMIC PI THORVERTON PA PO BOX 1, THORVERTON EX5 5YX, ENGLAND SN 0143-781X J9 HIST POLIT THOUGHT JI Hist. Polit. Thought PD SUM PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2 BP 361 EP 363 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 838TL UT WOS:000222736000013 ER PT J AU Keenan, E Wright, RG Zgol, M Mulligan, R Tagliavia, V Kirkland, LV AF Keenan, E Wright, RG Zgol, M Mulligan, R Tagliavia, V Kirkland, LV TI IR circuit board and IC failure detection SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB This paper describes research and development efforts in the use of infrared (IR) laser beams for detecting failures in integrated circuits resident on printed circuit boards. This work involves taking advantage of the transparency of the silicon substrate of ICs to radiation in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum to devise a non-invasive method for imaging the component circuitry of the IC. The implication is that a means to see into the physical structure of an integrated circuit can be created by using lasers tuned to these wavelengths. While the silicon substrate is transparent to the laser, the circuit paths and devices embedded within the substrate are readily visible since their metallic composition is opaque to laser energy at this wavelength. A laser test fixture consisting of a 1064 nm continuous wave laser, CCD camera, and image acquisition board is used to generate images from flip-chip integrated circuits. Multiresolution image processing techniques are then applied to the resulting images to identify potential defects. C1 GMA Ind Inc, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. USAF, OO ALC, TISAC, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Wright, RG (reprint author), GMA Ind Inc, 20 Ridgely Ave,Suite 301, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1109/MAES.2004.1308822 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 829KH UT WOS:000222046700002 ER PT J AU Patnaik, A Anagnostou, DE Mishra, RK Christodoulou, CG Lyke, JC AF Patnaik, A Anagnostou, DE Mishra, RK Christodoulou, CG Lyke, JC TI Applications of neural networks in wireless communications SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE neural networks; neural network applications; land mobile radio cellular systems; antennas; microstrip antennas; antenna arrays; multi-band antennas; wideband antennas ID RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS; RESONANT-FREQUENCY; ELECTRICALLY THIN; NEUROSPECTRAL COMPUTATION; DESIGN; DIRECTION; ARRAYS; RESISTANCE AB In recent years, the art of using neural networks (NNs) for wireless-communication engineering has been gaining momentum. Although it has been used for a variety of purposes and in different ways, the basic purpose of applying neural networks is to change from the lengthy analysis and design cycles required to develop high-performance systems to very short product-development times. This article overviews the current state of research in this area. Different applications of neural-network techniques for wireless communication front ends are briefly reviewed, stressing the purpose and the way neural networks have been implemented, followed by a description of future avenues of research in this field. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Berhampur Univ, Dept Elect, Berhampur 760007, Orissa, India. USAF, Res Lab, VSSE, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Patnaik, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM tuli@ieee.org; christos@eece.unm.edu RI Anagnostou, Dimitris/A-3124-2009 OI Anagnostou, Dimitris/0000-0003-4266-0309 NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 3 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1109/MAP.2004.1374125 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 851LG UT WOS:000223686000018 ER PT J AU Islam, SS Anwar, AEM Webster, RT AF Islam, SS Anwar, AEM Webster, RT TI A physics-based frequency dispersion model of GaN MESFETs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE current collapse; detrapping time; frequency dispersion; GaN MESFET ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; GROWN GAN; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATION; TRAPS AB A physics-based model for GaN MESFETs is developed to determine the frequency dispersion of output resistance and transconductance due to traps. The equivalent circuit parameters are obtained by considering the physical mechanisms for current collapse and the associated trap dynamics. Detrapping time extracted from drain-lag measurements are 1.55 and 58.42 s indicating trap levels at 0.69 and 0.79 eV, respectively. The dispersion frequency is in the range of megahertz at elevated temperature, where a typical GaN power device may operate, although at room temperature it may be few hertz. For a 1.5 x 150 mum GaN MESFET with drain and gate biases of 10 V and -1 V, respectively, 5% decrease in transconductance and 62% decrease in output resistance at radio frequencies (RFs) from their DC values are observed. The dispersion characteristics are found to be bias dependent. A significant decrease in transconductance is observed when the device operates in the region where detrapping is significant. As gate bias approaches toward cutoff, the difference between output resistance at dc and that at RF increases. For drain and gate biases of 10 and -5 V, output resistance decreases from 60.2 kOmega at dc to 7.5 kOmega at RF for a 1.5 mum x 150 GaN MESFET. C1 Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Islam, SS (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 846 EP 853 DI 10.1109/TED.2004.829620 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 824BX UT WOS:000221660100003 ER PT J AU Lopez, MR Gilgenbach, M Jones, MC White, WM Jordan, DW Johnston, MD Strickler, TS Neculaes, VB Lau, YY Spencer, TA Haworth, MD Cartwright, KL Mardahl, PJ Luginsland, JW Price, D AF Lopez, MR Gilgenbach, M Jones, MC White, WM Jordan, DW Johnston, MD Strickler, TS Neculaes, VB Lau, YY Spencer, TA Haworth, MD Cartwright, KL Mardahl, PJ Luginsland, JW Price, D TI Relativistic magnetron driven by a microsecond e-beam accelerator with a ceramic insulator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high-power microwaves; magnetron; pulse shortening; RF breakdown ID ISX-B TOKAMAK; FREQUENCY; CATHODE; OPERATION; BAND AB Relativistic magnetron experiments performed on a six-cavity device have generated over 300 MW total microwave power near 1 GHz. These experiments were driven by the long-pulse electron beam from an accelerator with parameters as follows: voltage of -300 kV, current of 1-10 kA, and typical pulse-length of 0.5 mus. This paper reports investigations of high-power microwave generation, mode competition, and pulse shortening for the relativistic magnetron with a ceramic insulator compared to a plastic insulator. The ceramic insulator improves the vacuum by a factor of ten (to 10(-7) torr range) and flattens the voltage of the accelerator. Relativistic magnetron performance with the ceramic insulator shows increased microwave power and pulselength over the plastic insulator. Effects of RF breakdown in the extraction waveguide on peak microwave power and pulselength are also investigated by utilizing SF6 in one or both of the extraction waveguides. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Intense Energy Beam Interact Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87177 USA. Numerex, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Titan Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Lopez, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rongilg@umich.edu NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1171 EP 1180 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.828898 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600039 ER PT J AU Shiffler, DA Luginsland, J Ruebush, M LaCour, M Golby, K Cartwright, K Haworth, M Spencer, T AF Shiffler, DA Luginsland, J Ruebush, M LaCour, M Golby, K Cartwright, K Haworth, M Spencer, T TI Emission uniformity and shot-to-shot variation in cold field emission cathodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold cathode tubes; electron beams; microwave tubes ID CARBON-FIBER CATHODES AB High-power microwave tubes require currents and voltages generally in excess of 1 kA and 100 kV. In the past, these system requirements led to the use of single shot machines, with repetition rates well under 1 Hz. With advances in pulsed power, the Air Force Research Laboratory recently began to investigate the performance of field emission diodes at repetition rate operation. Greater numbers of shots allowed better accuracy in measurements and the application of better statistics to experimental data. In this paper, we report on new measurements that, with better experimental accuracy, show the statistical correlation between emission uniformity and the shot-to-shot variation in diode current. We report on a comparison to particle-in-cell simulations. These comparisons show the importance of randomly occurring nonemission regions on the cathode surface in dictating the spread in current data. These results imply that uniformity, in addition to playing an important role in any electron interaction with radiation, also affects the current stability for any device using these cathodes. Finally, these experiments show that for repetition rate machines, shot-to-shot variation quantified in terms of Gaussian distributions characterized by a standard deviation and skewness, provide a diagnostic capable of inferring beam uniformity in situations where direct uniformity diagnostics prove extremely difficult or impractical. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shiffler, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Don.Shiffler@kirtland.af.mil; mdruebu@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1262 EP 1266 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.827608 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600050 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A AF Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A TI Ion chemistry in diethylzinc SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE diethylzinc; electron collision; ionization cross-section; ion-molecule reaction ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ZNO FILMS; EXCITATION; IONIZATION; SAPPHIRE; ENERGY; PHASE AB Electron impact ionization of diethylzinc has been measured by Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The ionization produces the parent ion ZnC4H10+ and fragment ions including major metal-containing ions ZnC2H5+ and Zn+, as well as organic moiety ions, mainly C2H5+. The total ionization cross-section reaches a maximum of 7.9 x 10(-16) cm(2) at similar to80 eV. Redistribution of the ion composition by ion-molecule reactions results in the ionic population being dominated by the final product ion ZnC8H17+. Several dimer ions have been observed as the intermediate products in the ion-molecule reactions, but no larger Zn cluster ions have been detected. The argon ion charge-transfer reaction with diethylzinc generates mainly ZnC2H5+ and C2H5+. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Garscadden, A (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.garscadden@wpatb.af.mil NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 235 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.04.003 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 828BT UT WOS:000221948400009 ER PT J AU Johnson, SM Buell, AA Vilela, MF Peterson, JM Varesi, JB Newton, MD Venzor, GM Bornfreund, RE Radford, WA Smith, EPG Rosbeck, JP De Lyon, TJ Jensen, JE Nathan, V AF Johnson, SM Buell, AA Vilela, MF Peterson, JM Varesi, JB Newton, MD Venzor, GM Bornfreund, RE Radford, WA Smith, EPG Rosbeck, JP De Lyon, TJ Jensen, JE Nathan, V TI HgCdTe/Si materials for long wavelength infrared detectors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 17-19, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP USA CECOM Night Vision & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA Res Lab, USN Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE HgCdTe; heteroepitaxy; infrared detectors; molecular beam epitaxy (MBE); HgCdTe/Si; long wavelength infrared (LWIR) ID FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MBE GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; SILICON; CDZNTE/GAAS/SI; FABRICATION; CDTE AB The heteroepitaxial growth of HgCdTe on large-area Si substrates is an enabling technology leading to the production of low-cost, large-format infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs). This approach will allow HgCdTe FPA technology to be scaled beyond the limitations of bulk CdZnTe substrates. We have already achieved excellent mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and short wavelength infrared (SWIR) detector and FPA results using HgCdTe grown on 4-in. Si substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and this work was focused on extending these results into the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) spectral regime. A series of nine p-on-n LWIR HgCdTe double-layer heterojunction (DLHJ) detector structures were grown on 4-in. Si substrates. The HgCdTe composition uniformity was very good over the entire 4-in. wafer with a typical maximum nonuniformity of 2.2% at the very edge of the wafer; run-to-run composition reproducibility, realized with real-time feedback control using spectroscopic ellipsometry, was also very good. Both secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and Hall-effect measurements showed well-behaved doping and majority carrier properties, respectively. Preliminary detector results were promising for this initial work and good broad-band spectral response was demonstrated; 61% quantum efficiency was measured, which is very good compared to a maximum allowed value of 70% for a non-antireflection-coated Si surface. The R(0)A products for HgCdTe/Si detectors in the 9.6-mum and 12-mum cutoff range were at least one order of magnitude below typical results for detectors fabricated on bulk CdZnTe substrates. This lower performance was attributed to an elevated dislocation density, which is in the mid-10(6) cm(-2) range. The dislocation density in HgCdTe/Si needs to be reduced to <10(6) cm(-2) to make high-performance LWIR detectors, and multiple approaches are being tried across the infrared community to achieve this result because the technological payoff is significant. C1 Raytheon Vis Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Johnson, SM (reprint author), Raytheon Vis Syst, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. EM sjohnson1@raytheon.com NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 526 EP 530 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0041-x PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 831BX UT WOS:000222169000007 ER PT J AU Chang, Y Badano, G Zhao, J Zhou, YD Ashokan, R Grein, CH Nathan, V AF Chang, Y Badano, G Zhao, J Zhou, YD Ashokan, R Grein, CH Nathan, V TI Near-bandgap infrared absorption properties of HgCdTe SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 17-19, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP USA CECOM Night Vision & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA Res Lab, USN Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Air Force Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE HgCdTe; infrared absorption; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR); Urbach tail; absorption coefficient ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; ALLOY COMPOSITION; ENERGY-GAP; HG1-XCDXTE; TEMPERATURE; DETECTORS; EPILAYERS; PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY AB We report temperature-dependent absorption measurements from 300 K to 4.2 K for molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown Hg1-xCdxTe samples with different alloy compositions. The infrared absorption coefficients near the energy gap were obtained using an interference matrix method. Photoconductive spectra were simultaneously measured at the same points on the samples to precisely determine the energy gaps. The Urbach tail energies are extracted from the absorption coefficients, and their temperature dependence is analyzed using a theoretical model. The contribution from static disorder, including structural and alloy disorder, is found to be much larger than the phonon-related dynamic disorder. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM yonchan@uic.edu NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 709 EP 713 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0070-5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 831BX UT WOS:000222169000036 ER PT J AU Bishoff, JT AF Bishoff, JT TI Controversial cases in endourology SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Bishoff, JT (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 BP 477 EP 478 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 835JH UT WOS:000222478400022 ER PT J AU Beran, PS Lucia, DJ Pettit, CL AF Beran, PS Lucia, DJ Pettit, CL TI Reduced-order modelling of limit-cycle oscillation for aeroelastic systems SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Fluid-Structure Interaction, Aeroelasticity, Flow-Induced Vibration and Noise CY NOV, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IMECE, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Assoc Francaise Mecan ID NONLINEAR OSCILLATIONS; FLUTTERING PLATE; AIRFOIL FLUTTER AB Limit-cycle oscillations (LCOs) of a nonlinear panel in supersonic flow are computed using a reduced-order aeroelastic model. Panel dynamics are governed by the large-deflection, nonlinear, von Karman equation as expressed in low-order form through a Galerkin approximation. The aerodynamics are described by the Euler equations, which are reduced in order using proper orthogonal decomposition. The coupled system of equations is implicitly time integrated with second-order temporal accuracy to predict LCO amplitude, and linearly analyzed to predict LCO onset. The fluid is synchronized with the structure in time through subiteration, using only 18 dof to describe the aeroelastic system. The Jacobian employed in the fully implicit analysis is of equivalently low rank, enabling rapid analysis. Using the reduced-order model, LCO onset is predicted directly at a computational cost of approximately 400 time steps with a high accuracy verified by full-order analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 VASD, Multidisciplinary Technol Ctr, Air Vehicles Directorate, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. VAS, Struct Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beran, PS (reprint author), VASD, Multidisciplinary Technol Ctr, Air Vehicles Directorate, AFRL, Bldg 146,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 5 BP 575 EP 590 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2004.04.002 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 840BD UT WOS:000222831100002 ER PT J AU Lin, LC Ponnappan, R AF Lin, LC Ponnappan, R TI Critical heat flux of multi-nozzle spray cooling SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE boiling; cooling; heat transfer; sprays; two-phase; vaporization AB Tiny nozzles are developed that are capable of creating the swirling,flow necessary to generate a full cone spray. Eight miniature nozzles are embedded in a multi-nozzle plate used to generate a spray array for the cooling of high heat flux laser diodes. The target spray cooling area is a 1 x 2 cm(2) flat surface of a copper heater plate. A closed loop spray cooling test setup is established. FC-87, FC-72 and methanol are used as the working fluids. Critical heat flux (CHF) is experimentally investigated at various spray saturation temperatures and nozzle pressure drops (from 0.690 bar to 3.10 bar). It is demonstrated that the spray cooler can reach the CHF levels up to 91.5 W/cm(2) with FC-87 and 490 W/cm(2) with methanol. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, LC (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2004 VL 126 IS 3 BP 482 EP 485 DI 10.1115/1.1738418 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 832XR UT WOS:000222301500023 ER PT J AU Khan, MM Lagoudas, DC Mayes, JJ Henderson, BK AF Khan, MM Lagoudas, DC Mayes, JJ Henderson, BK TI Pseudoelastic SMA spring elements for passive vibration isolation: Part I - Modeling SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE shape memory alloys (SMAs); pseudoelasticity; hysteresis; Preisach; system identification; passive vibration isolation; damping; dynamic system ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; HYSTERESIS; BEHAVIOR; ACTUATORS; DYNAMICS AB In this work, the effect of pseudoelastic response of shape memory alloys (SMAs) on passive vibration isolation has been investigated. This study has been conducted by developing, modeling, and experimentally validating a SMA-based vibration isolation device. This device consists of layers of preconstrained SMA tubes undergoing pseudoelastic transformations under transverse dynamic loading. These SMA tubes are referred to as SMA spring elements in this study. To accurately model the nonlinear hysteretic response of SMA tubes present in this device, at first a Preisach model (an empirical model based on system identification) has been adapted to represent the structural response of a single SMA tube. The modified Preisach model has then been utilized to model the SMA-based vibration isolation device. Since this device also represents a nonlinear hysteretic dynamical system, a physically based simplified SMA model suitable for performing extensive parametric studies on such dynamical systems has also been developed. Both the simplified SMA model and the Preisach model have been used to perform experimental correlations with the results obtained from actual testing of the device. Based on the studies conducted, it has been shown that SMA-based vibration isolation devices can overcome performance trade-offs inherent in typical softening spring-damper vibration isolation systems. This work is presented as a two-part paper. Part I of this study presents the modification of the Preisach model for representing SMA pseudoelastic tube response together with the implemented identification methodology. Part I also presents the development of a physically based simplified SMA model followed by model comparisons with the actual tube response. Part II of this work covers extensive parametric study of a pseudoelastic SMA spring-mass system using both models developed in Part I. Part II also presents numerical simulations of a dynamic system based on the prototype device, results of actual testing of the device and correlations of the experimental cases with the model predictions. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Textron, Bell Helicopter, Airframe Syst, Strut & Dev V22, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lagoudas, DC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dlagoudas@aero.tamu.edu OI Lagoudas, Dimitris/0000-0002-0194-5933 NR 57 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 6 BP 415 EP 441 DI 10.1177/1045389X04041529 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 830VW UT WOS:000222153200001 ER PT J AU Lagoudas, DC Khan, MM Mayes, JJ Henderson, BK AF Lagoudas, DC Khan, MM Mayes, JJ Henderson, BK TI Pseudoelastic SMA spring elements for passive vibration isolation: Part II - Simulations and experimental correlations SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE shape memory alloys (SMAs); pseudoelasticity; hysteresis; Preisach; system; identification; passive vibration isolation; damping; dynamic system AB In Part II of this two-part study, system simulations and experimental correlations of a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) based vibration isolation device (briefly described in Part I) has been presented. This device consists of layers of preconstrained SMA tubes undergoing pseudoelastic transformations under transverse dynamical loading. In Part II, detailed description of the prototype vibration isolation device, its experimental setup, and actual experimental test results are presented. An extensive parametric study has been conducted on a nonlinear hysteretic dynamical system, representing this vibration isolation device utilizing a physically based simplified SMA model and a Preisach model (an empirical model based on system identification) developed in Part I. Both the physically based simplified SMA model and the modified Preisach model have been utilized to perform experimental correlations with the results obtained from actual testing of the device. Based on the investigations, it has been shown that variable damping and tunable isolation response are major benefits of SMA pseudoelasticity. Correlation of numerical simulations and experimental results has shown that large amplitude displacements causing phase transformations of SMA components present in such a device are necessary for effective reduction in the transmissibility of such dynamical systems. It has also been shown that SMA-based devices can overcome performance trade-offs inherent in typical softening spring-damper vibration isolation systems. In terms of numerically predicting the experimental results, it has been shown that the Preisach model gave relatively accurate results due to better modeling of the actual SMA tube behavior. However, for a generic parametric study, the physically based simplified SMA model has been found to be more useful as it is motivated from the constitutive response of SMAs and hence, could easily incorporate different changes in system conditions. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Textron, Bell Helicopter, Airframe Syst, Struct & Dev V22, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lagoudas, DC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dlagoudas@aero.tamu.edu OI Lagoudas, Dimitris/0000-0002-0194-5933 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 6 BP 443 EP 470 DI 10.1177/1045389X04041530 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 830VW UT WOS:000222153200002 ER PT J AU Childs, JD Piva, SR Erhard, RE AF Childs, JD Piva, SR Erhard, RE TI Immediate improvements in side-to-side weight bearing and iliac crest symmetry after manipulation in patients with low back pain SO JOURNAL OF MANIPULATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article DE level of health; measurement; lumbar spine; sacroiliac joint ID ROENTGEN STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRIC ANALYSIS; MULTICENTER INTERTESTER RELIABILITY; SACROILIAC JOINT DYSFUNCTION; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS; SPINAL MANIPULATION; RADIOSTEREOMETRIC ANALYSIS; MANUAL THERAPY; MOVEMENTS; POSITION; MOBILIZATION AB Background: Although there is good evidence that spinal manipulation is an effective treatment to improve pain and function for patients with low back pain (LBP), there is little evidence to support the mechanism by which manipulation works. Objectives: To determine if iliac crest (IC) and weight-bearing (WB) symmetry improve after spinal manipulation and to determine if improvements in IC and WB symmetry are associated with improvements in pain and function in patients with low back pain. Design: Single group, within-subjects, repeated measures design. Method: Thirty consecutive patients (mean age = 40 +/- 13) who came to a spine specialty center for treatment of acute or chronic LBP and who would be receiving spinal manipulation participated in the study (14 male patients). Patients completed a series of self-report measures of pain and function and received a standardized physical examination, including the assessment of IC and WB symmetry. Patients received a standardized manipulative intervention, and immediate and 3- to 4-day follow-up examinations were performed by a blinded examiner. Paired t tests were performed to determine within-group changes, and Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between improvements in IC and WB symmetry and improvements in pain and function. To control for the potential that an association between changes in IC and/or WB symmetry and changes in pain and function could be confounded by the baseline outcome measure, simultaneous linear regression was performed on any significant correlation. Partial F tests were used to determine if the additional explained variability was significant. Results: Patients with LBP demonstrated significant improvements in IC and VTB symmetry after manipulation (P < .001). Improvements in WB symmetry were associated with improvements in the patients' self-reported levels of pain 3 to 4 days after manipulation (r = .5, P = .007). Based on the significant association between improvements in WB symmetry and improvements in pain, the final pain score was regressed on the change in WB symmetry, after controlling for the baseline level of pain. The addition of the change in WB symmetry explained a 10% additional increase in variability in the patient's level of pain at the 3- to 4-day follow-up (P = .01). No relationship was found between improvements in IC and WB symmetry and improvements in function as determined by the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire 3 to 4 days after manipulation. Conclusion: IC and WB symmetry improved immediately after spinal manipulation. Improvements in WB symmetry were related to improvements in the patients' self-reported levels of pain, even after controlling for the baseline level of pain. Improvements in IC and WB symmetry were not related to changes in function. The results of this study provide initial data to elucidate how manipulation may work to improve pain and function in patients with LBP. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Phys Therapy Element MMKPP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Sports Med, Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Phys Therapy Element MMKPP, 59th Med Wing,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM childsjd@bigfoot.com NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0161-4754 J9 J MANIP PHYSIOL THER JI J. Manip. Physiol. Ther. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 306 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.jmpt.2004.04.004 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Rehabilitation SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Rehabilitation GA 830YR UT WOS:000222160600003 PM 15195038 ER PT J AU Gibbs, JP Narayanan, L Mattie, DR AF Gibbs, JP Narayanan, L Mattie, DR TI Crump et al. Study among school children in Chile: Subsequent urine and serum perchlorate levels are consistent with perchlorate in water in Taltal SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Kerr McGee Corp, Oklahoma City, OK 73102 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gibbs, JP (reprint author), Kerr McGee Corp, Oklahoma City, OK 73102 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 6 BP 516 EP 517 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000128149.00111.42 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 828ID UT WOS:000221966100003 PM 15213511 ER PT J AU Neiberg, M AF Neiberg, M TI Which people's war? National identity and citizenship in wartime Britain, 1939-1945 SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Neiberg, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV PRESS PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV J SOCIAL HIST, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0022-4529 J9 J SOC HIST JI J. Soc. Hist. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1121 EP 1123 DI 10.1353/jsh.2004.0060 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 831SH UT WOS:000222215900039 ER PT J AU Hay, RS AF Hay, RS TI Climb-dissociated dislocations in monazite at low temperature SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BLOCKED DEFORMATION TWIN; COMPOSITES; PHOSPHATES; COATINGS; SHAPE AB Three types of climb-dissociated partial dislocations were observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy in monazite (LaPO(4)) that was indented at room temperature. Two types were found on twin boundaries, and a third in the lattice. Formation mechanisms are discussed. Glide of climb-dissociated partial dislocations that is allowed by stacking fault migration is considered. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1149 EP 1152 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 829UN UT WOS:000222075800030 ER PT J AU Witt, CJ Brundage, M Cannon, C Cox, K Clements, TE Cooper, ED Elbert, Y Ludwig, GV Mangiafico, JA Malakooti, M Miller, MK Osborn, SD Pagac, B Ross, LP Shelton, LJ Spring, A Kelley, P AF Witt, CJ Brundage, M Cannon, C Cox, K Clements, TE Cooper, ED Elbert, Y Ludwig, GV Mangiafico, JA Malakooti, M Miller, MK Osborn, SD Pagac, B Ross, LP Shelton, LJ Spring, A Kelley, P TI Department of Defense West Nile virus surveillance in 2002 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Israel Defence Forces Shoresh Conference CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL Tel Aviv, ISRAEL ID ENCEPHALITIS RESPONSE; RAPID DETECTION; ET-AL.; MOSQUITOS; PCR AB The Department of Defense (DoD) has engaged in West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance and response since 1999. In 2002, the three Services continued their cooperative, multidisciplinary approach to the WNV outbreak. Activities included a doubling of mosquito surveillance and vector control responses, extension of and doubling of bird and nonhuman mammal surveillance to all four continental United States regions, expanded diagnostic testing by DoD laboratories, and installation environmental clean up and personnel protection campaigns. Medical treatment facilities conducted passive surveillance and reported possible cases in DoD health care beneficiaries. Efforts were coordinated through active communication within installations, with commands, and with surrounding communities. Undertaken activities complemented each other to maximize surveillance coverage. The surveillance detected WNV on 44 DoD installations. It led directly to vector control and prevention activities, and there were no confirmed cases of WNV reported in the DoD force. This multi-Service effort is a surveillance template for future outbreaks that threaten DoD force health. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, DoD Global Emerging Infect Surveillance, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med N, Entomol Sci Div, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Assessme, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. VETCOM, Food Anal & Diagnost Lab, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USN, Ctr Environm Hlth, Portsmouth, VA 23708 USA. Vet Command, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USAMEDDAC, Dept Prevent Med, Ft Polk, LA 71459 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Witt, CJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, DoD Global Emerging Infect Surveillance, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 6 BP 421 EP 428 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IX UT WOS:000235829900003 PM 15281669 ER PT J AU Martin, JE Mehta, R Aarabi, B Ecklund, JE Martin, AH Ling, GSF AF Martin, JE Mehta, R Aarabi, B Ecklund, JE Martin, AH Ling, GSF TI Intracranial insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with craniofacial trauma SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BASILAR SKULL FRACTURE; NASOGASTRIC TUBE; COMPLICATION AB Intracranial insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway is an unusual and catastrophic complication of airway management in the patient with a severe closed head injury. We present an unfortunate 43-year-old patient with intracranial insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway during trauma resuscitation. The nasopharyngeal airway was removed. Attempts to resuscitate the patient were continued, but were eventually unsuccessful. Blind nasopharyngeal airway insertion may result in iatrogenic injury when used in the head-injured patient. Oropharyngeal airways may be used to assist with ventilation. However, it is preferable to definitively secure the airway through inline endotracheal intubation or with surgical techniques in this patient population. Should violation of the skull base occur, removal is accomplished in the controlled environment of the operating room. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Capitol Consortium Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Maryland, Med Syst, Dept Neurol Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Martin, JE (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 6 BP 496 EP 497 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IX UT WOS:000235829900017 PM 15281683 ER PT J AU LaRochelle, JS Karp, BI AF LaRochelle, JS Karp, BI TI Restless legs syndrome due to interferon-alpha SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE interferon-alpha; restless legs syndrome; movement disorder ID HEPATITIS-C; THERAPY; COMPLICATIONS; AKATHISIA; PET AB A patient developed restless legs symptoms paralleling the course of interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Symptoms began during a course of IFNalpha, resolved with its suspension, and recurred on rechallenge. Restless legs syndrome may thus be an adverse effect of IFNalpha treatment. (C) 2004 Movement Disorder Society. C1 NINDS, OCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MC, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Karp, BI (reprint author), NINDS, OCD, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 5S-209, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM karpb@ninds.nih.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 730 EP 731 DI 10.1002/mds.20049 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 831DL UT WOS:000222173200026 PM 15197722 ER PT J AU Krueger, JA Puettmann, KJ AF Krueger, JA Puettmann, KJ TI Growth and injury patterns of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings as affected by hardwood overstory density and weeding treatments SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE white pine; overstory density; understory vegetation management; competition; injury agents ID GREEN-TREE RETENTION; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; UNDERSTORY COMPETITION; SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; VEGETATION; FORESTS; LIGHT; RESPONSES; SURVIVAL; OREGON AB White pine seedlings were underplanted under a range of overstory densities in a hardwood stand in northern Minnesota. Vegetation surrounding seedlings was left untreated (control), weeded annually, or completely removed through monthly weeding. After 4 years, the benefit of weeding woody competition for diameter growth of seedlings was limited to areas with relatively open overstory conditions. Seedling height growth was reduced in areas with higher overstory density, but improved through weeding treatments that removed woody vegetation. The removal of herbaceous vegetation did not improve growth of seedlings in any conditions. Open growing conditions created by overstory removal and weed control resulted in higher incidences of seedling injuries, e.g., through infection by white pine blister rust. Conditions for pine bark adelgids also were enhanced in areas with low overstory densities and weeding treatments. The incidence for white pine weevil seems to follow a similar pattern, although the number of trees infected was minimal. Results show that improving growing conditions through management of the overstory and understory vegetation improves seedling growth rates, but must be balanced with potentially higher incidences of seedling injuries under more open conditions. C1 USAF Acad, DFB, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Krueger, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFB, Dept Biol, 2355 Fac Dr,Ste 2P389, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jerry.krueger@usafa.af.mil; klaus.puettmann@orst.edu NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 840PE UT WOS:000222870600001 ER PT J AU Blackshire, JL Duncan, BD AF Blackshire, JL Duncan, BD TI Interferometric and holographic imaging of surface-breaking cracks SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE heterodyne interferometry; real-time holography; nondestructive evaluation ID BACTERIORHODOPSIN; VISUALIZATION AB Two advanced nondestructive evaluation systems are developed for imaging surface-breaking cracks in aerospace materials. The systems use scanning heterodyne interferometry and frequency-translated holography principles to image ultrasonic displacement fields on material surfaces with high resolution and sensitivity. Surface-breaking cracks are detected and characterized by visualizing near-field ultrasonic scattering processes, which in turn results in local intensification of ultrasonic displacement fields in the immediate vicinity of a crack. The local intensification permits cracks to be easily distinguished from background levels, and creates unique displacement field images that follow the contours and morphology of the cracks with microscopic precision. The interferometric and holographic imaging approaches each provide noncontact and near optical-diffraction-limited measurement capabilities that are essential for probing ultrasonic displacement fields in the immediate vicinity of cracks. Several representative crack-imaging results are provided, along with detailed descriptions of both experimental techniques, and the capabilities and limitations of each method. The resulting systems provide simple yet very powerful tools for evaluating surface-breaking cracks in detail. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1366 EP 1374 DI 10.1117/1.1731201 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 830AL UT WOS:000222093900016 ER PT J AU Gruneisen, MT DeSandre, LF Rotge, JR Dymale, RC Lubin, DL AF Gruneisen, MT DeSandre, LF Rotge, JR Dymale, RC Lubin, DL TI Programmable diffractive optics for wide-dynamic-range wavefront control using liquid-crystal spatial light modulators SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control CY JUL, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; liquid crystals; programmable diffractive optics; wide-dynamic range wavefront control; computer-generated holography; nonmechanical beam steering; diffractive optics ID HOLOGRAPHIC COMPENSATION; EFFICIENCY; RESOLUTION; GRATINGS; SYSTEMS; MM AB Wide-dynamic-range wavefront control is demonstrated with a programmable 2-D high-resolution liquid-crystal-based phase modulator system. This system operates with 307,200 independently addressable phase modulating elements, a phase modulation range that exceeds 2pi, and phase resolution that is better than one-tenth of an optical wavelength at 532-nm wavelength. A demonstration of large aberration compensation via modulo-2pi phase profiles shows high-fidelity wavefront compensation with less than one-quarter-wave peak-to-peak residual aberration. The results of a numerical model of diffraction efficiency via discrete phase-step approximations to modulo-2pi tilt functions are presented. The model treats the effects of a variable fill factor and an interpixel influence function associated with this technology. Optimization of the diffraction efficiency includes computational compensation for nonlinearities in the system phase response. Measured diffraction efficiencies are compared to calculated values, and show operation near the theoretical limit for this system. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1387 EP 1393 DI 10.1117/1.1689976 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 830AL UT WOS:000222093900019 ER PT J AU Abramson, MA AF Abramson, MA TI Mixed variable optimization of a load-bearing thermal insulation system using a filter pattern search algorithm SO OPTIMIZATION AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE mixed variable programming; categorical variables; filter algorithm; pattern search algorithm; thermal insulation; heat intercepts; nonlinear constraints ID CONSTRAINED MINIMIZATION; GENERAL CONSTRAINTS; SIMPLE BOUNDS; CONVERGENCE AB This paper describes the optimization of a load-bearing thermal insulation system characterized by hot and cold surfaces with a series of heat intercepts and insulators between them. The optimization problem is represented as a mixed variable programming (MVP) problem with nonlinear constraints, in which the objective is to minimize the power required to maintain the heat intercepts at fixed temperatures so that one surface is kept sufficiently cold. MVP problems are more general than mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems in that the discrete variables are categorical; i.e., they must always take on values from a predefined enumerable set or list. Thus, traditional approaches that use branch and bound techniques cannot be applied. In a previous paper, a linearly constrained version of this problem was solved numerically using the Audet-Dennis generalized pattern search (GPS) method for MVP problems. However, this algorithm may not work for problems with general nonlinear constraints. A new algorithm that extends that of Audet and Dennis by incorporating a filter to handle nonlinear constraints makes it possible to solve the more general problem. Additional nonlinear constraints on stress, mass, and thermal contraction are added to that of the previous work in an effort to find a more realistic feasible design. Several computational experiments show a substantial improvement in power required to maintain the system, as compared to the previous literature. The addition of the new constraints leads to a very different design without significantly changing the power required. The results demonstrate that the new algorithm can be applied to a very broad class of optimization problems, for which no previous algorithm with provable convergence results could be applied. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Abramson, MA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.abramson@afit.edu NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-4420 J9 OPTIM ENG JI Optim. Eng. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 2 BP 157 EP 177 DI 10.1023/B:OPTE.0000033373.79886.54 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 899VG UT WOS:000227173000005 ER PT J AU Michaelson, PG Mair, EA AF Michaelson, PG Mair, EA TI Popular snore aids: Do they work? SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA; NASAL DILATION; UVULOPALATOPLASTY AB OBJECTIVE: The study goal was to critically evaluate 3 popular noninvasive treatments for snoring: an oral spray lubricant applied before bedtime, a nasal strip designed to maintain nasal valve patency, and a head-positioning pillow. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized blinded clinical trial of 3 popular noninvasive snore aids using objective acoustic snoring analysis and subjective patient and bed-partner questionnaires in 40 snoring patients. A digital recorder allowed snoring analysis with data collected in the home environment over 1 week. RESULTS: There is neither objective nor subjective benefit to the use of tested popular noninvasive snore aids. Palatal snoring, palatal loudness, average loudness of snoring, averaged palatal flutter frequency, and respiratory disturbance index did not significantly change when comparing the 3 snoring aids with no treatment. Subjective comments and complications are reviewed as well. CONCLUSION: This is the first prospective comparison trial of popular noninvasive snoring aids. There is no significant objective or subjective snoring improvement in the anti-snoring aids studied compared with the use of no aid. SIGNIFICANCE: Outcome studies aid in verifying or refuting claims made by popular noninvasive snore aids. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM eric.mair@lackland.af.mil NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 130 IS 6 BP 649 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.11.008 PG 10 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 830KC UT WOS:000222119900002 PM 15195048 ER PT J AU Ladeinde, F Gaitonde, DV AF Ladeinde, F Gaitonde, DV TI Magnetic Reynolds number effects in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TANG VORTEX SYSTEM; MHD TURBULENCE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; RELAXATION PROCESSES; FIELD; FLUCTUATIONS; EVOLUTION; SPECTRA; SCHEMES; MODEL AB The effects of the magnetic Reynolds number, Re-sigma, on decaying two-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence are investigated through direct numerical simulations. The initial relative intensities of, and the correlation between, the fluctuating velocity (u) and magnetic induction (b) fields are also varied, as measured with the respective parameters f and angle theta. The investigations cover the parameter ranges 1less than or equal toRe(sigma)less than or equal to250, 0degreesless than or equal tothetaless than or equal to90degrees, and 1less than or equal tofless than or equal to3. The results suggest that, at the lowest Re-sigma investigated, the magnetic field has a negligible impact on the evolution of the turbulence kinetic energy E-k. At higher Re-sigma values, when magnetic effects are important, the magnetic field tends to accelerate the decay of the turbulence energy relative to non-MHD flows. On the other hand, the magnetic energy E-b shows the opposite trend, being rapidly driven from its initial values to essentially zero very early in the transient at lower Re-sigma values, while higher Re-sigma values significantly retard this decay. An enhancement of density fluctuations is noted in the intermediate Re-sigma range. An interesting observation pertaining to the normalized cross helicity is the fast decay to zero of this quantity when Re-sigma=1, independent of the values of theta and f. That is, the fluctuating u and b fields tend to be uncorrelated when the magnetic Reynolds number is low. In this case, the role of the magnetic field is passive, and it is merely convected by the velocity field. The conditions required to maintain a high correlation during the evolution are discussed. We have also seen that the E-b decay mode is less sensitive to the value of theta than that of E-k. The relative contribution of E-k, E-b, and the internal energy E-i to the total energy E-t is discussed in relation to the values of f, theta, and Re-sigma. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ladeinde, F (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JUN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2097 EP 2121 DI 10.1063/1.1736674 PG 25 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 819WB UT WOS:000221345600022 ER PT J AU Schaub, G AF Schaub, G TI Deterrence, compellence, and prospect theory SO POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deterrence; compellence; coercion; decision-making; prospect theory; expected utility ID FOREIGN-POLICY; LOSS AVERSION; PROBABILITY; INTERESTS; DECISION; POLITICS; POWER AB Deterrence and compellence couple demands for inaction and action, respectively, to a threat of sanctions. Conventional wisdom holds that deterrence requires less coercive effort than compellence, yet expected utility theory contradicts this claim. Only if exogenous factors affect these situations in a systematic and asymmetrical manner will the claim hold within expected utility theory. Prospect theory provides a systematic and endogenous account for this claim. Experimental findings suggest the degree of effort required to obtain compliance in comparable deterrence and compellence situations. Deterrence is "easier" than compellence, but this relationship is variable. Deterrence requires less effort than expected, and the relative effort it requires decreases substantially as the stakes demanded and costs threatened grow. Compellence requires more effort than expected, and the relative effort it requires decreases slightly as the stakes demanded and costs threatened grow. C1 Univ Air, Sch Adv Air & Space Studies, USAF, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. RP Schaub, G (reprint author), Univ Air, Sch Adv Air & Space Studies, USAF, 600 Chennult Circle, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. EM Gary.Schaub@maxwell.af.mil NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0162-895X J9 POLIT PSYCHOL JI Polit. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 3 BP 389 EP 411 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00377.x PG 23 WC Political Science; Psychology, Social SC Government & Law; Psychology GA 819HD UT WOS:000221304800004 ER PT J AU Jogai, B Albrecht, JD Pan, E AF Jogai, B Albrecht, JD Pan, E TI Energy levels in polarization superlattices: a comparison of continuum strain models SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALGAN/GAN QUANTUM-WELLS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INTERSUBBAND TRANSITION; MU-M; HETEROSTRUCTURES; WAVELENGTH; DEVICES; FIELD AB A theoretical model for the energy levels in polarization superlattices is presented. The model includes the effect of strain on the local polarization-induced electric fields and the subsequent effect on the energy levels. Two continuum strain models are contrasted. One is the standard strain model derived from Hooke's law that is typically used to calculate energy levels in polarization superlattices and quantum wells. The other is a fully coupled strain model derived from the thermodynamic equation of state for piezoelectric materials. The latter is more complete and applicable to strongly piezoelectric materials where corrections to the standard model are significant. The underlying theory has been applied to AlGaN/GaN superlattices and quantum wells. It is found that the fully coupled strain model yields very different electric fields from the standard model. The calculated intersubband transition energies are shifted by approximately 5-19 meV, depending on the structure. Thus from a device standpoint, the effect of applying the fully coupled model produces a very measurable shift in the peak wavelength. This result has implications for the design of AlGaN/GaN optical switches. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Jogai, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brahmanand.jogai@wpafb.af.mil RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 733 EP 741 AR PII S0268-1242(04)74209-1 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/19/6/013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 832FH UT WOS:000222252100015 ER PT J AU Coskun, C Look, DC Farlow, GC Sizelove, JR AF Coskun, C Look, DC Farlow, GC Sizelove, JR TI Radiation hardness of ZnO at low temperatures SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IRRADIATION AB In situ Hall-effect measurements have been carried out on vapour-phase-grown, n-type ZnO irradiated with 1.0 and 1.5 MeV electrons in the [000-1] direction. The electrical properties change very little during irradiation at temperatures as low as 130 K, the lowest temperature presently attainable under 1 MeV, 0.3 muA cm(-2) irradiation. It is concluded that long-term damage in ZnO is limited by defect annihilations that are rapid on the time scale of the experiment (<1 min), even at 130 K. C1 Ataturk Univ, Dept Phys, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Coskun, C (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM ccoskun@atauni.edu.tr; david.look@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 752 EP 754 AR PII S0268-1242(04)74116-4 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/19/6/016 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 832FH UT WOS:000222252100018 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Motivating athletes for competition SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Strength and conditioning coaches should motivate their athletes year-round in preparation for competition through individual and team goal setting, counseling personal issues, maintaining a healthy and positive environment, and keeping objectives in perspective. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ARHedrick@Adelphia.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 26 IS 3 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 829KU UT WOS:000222048000007 ER PT J AU Jones, JG Voevodin, AA AF Jones, JG Voevodin, AA TI Magnetron sputter pulsed laser deposition: technique and process control developments SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnetron; pulsed laser deposition (PLD); gold; zirconium ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA; BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; FILMS; GROWTH; COATINGS; GOLD AB This paper investigates the use of process control in the deposition of nanocomposite thin-films by the magnetron-sputtering/ pulsed laser deposition (MSPLD) method. A series of YSZ/Au films was deposited with closed loop feedback control, based on plume emissions, used to update both the laser and magnetron power settings simultaneously to regulate the plume emissions for extended durations. Intensity measurements of zirconium component of the laser ablation plume were made using a narrow band filter in conjunction with a high-speed photomultiplier tube and a digital phosphorous oscilloscope. Intensity measurements of the magnetron An plasma were made using a monochromater and a high-speed data acquisition card. Using a computer to capture these two measurements every 5 S, setpoint updates were made to both the laser and magnetron in order to maintain the stoichiometry of the thin-film being deposited. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to verify the composition of these films grown with and without process control. The use of process control, resulted in the film composition being constant throughout the depth of the thin-film, as opposed to having a graded composition due to process drift. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dept Air Force, Mat Directorate,MLMT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dept Air Force, Mat Directorate,MLMT, 2977 P St,Suite 13,Blg 653,Room 14, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.jones@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; OI Jones, John/0000-0001-8271-0038 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 184 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.10.016 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 829VY UT WOS:000222079800001 ER PT J AU Patterson, KA Grimm, CM Corsi, TM AF Patterson, KA Grimm, CM Corsi, TM TI Diffusion of supply chain technologies SO TRANSPORTATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE; INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY; BUSINESS VALUE; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; PERSPECTIVE; IMPACT AB The goal of this study is to develop a more complete understanding of the diffusion of important supply chain technologies. This study, based on more than 100 pilot interviews, considers the extent to which U.S.-based firms have adopted a wide range of supply chain technologies, including the latest applications and software tools, and integrated them into the major functional areas of the supply chain. All technologies analyzed are concerned primarily with information exchange within and between organizations and/or managing supply-chain-related data and activities. In addition. to documenting the extent of supply chain technology diffusion and its integration at a functional level, the pilot survey investigated the impact of the new technology on supply chain performance. This exploratory study is the first extensive investigation of many of these recently developed supply chain technologies. Its results should provide a structure for future investigations of these important technology diffusion issues. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Maryland, Robert H Smith Sch Business, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Patterson, KA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 53 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS PI ARLINGTON PA 1700 NORTH MOORE ST, STE 1900, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-1904 USA SN 0041-1612 J9 TRANSPORT J JI Transp. J. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 43 IS 3 BP 5 EP 23 PG 19 WC Management; Transportation SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA 849KD UT WOS:000223536600001 ER PT J AU Winiarz, JG Ghebremichael, F Thomas, J Meredith, G Peyghambarian, N AF Winiarz, JG Ghebremichael, F Thomas, J Meredith, G Peyghambarian, N TI Dynamic correction of a distorted image using a photorefractive polymeric composite SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CONJUGATION; BEAM CLEANUP; LIGHT; HOLOGRAPHY; RESTORATION; PULSES; MEDIA AB We demonstrate, for the first time, the dynamic correction of aberrated images in real-time using a polymeric composite with fast response times. The current novel experimental design is capable of restoring a phase aberrated, image carrying laser beam, to nearly its original quality. The ability to reconstruct images in real-time is demonstrated through the changing of the aberrating medium at various speeds. In addition, this technique allows for the correction of images in motion, demonstrated through the oscillatory movement of the resolution target. We also have demonstrated that important parameters of the materials in the study such as response times, diffraction efficiencies and optical gains all retain high figures of merit values under the current experimental conditions. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Fassil.Ghebremichael@usafa.af.mil NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 31 PY 2004 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2517 EP 2528 DI 10.1364/OPEX.12.002517 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 827GU UT WOS:000221888500022 PM 19475090 ER PT J AU Lyo, SK Huang, DH AF Lyo, SK Huang, DH TI Quantized magneto-thermopower in tunnel-coupled ballistic channels: sign reversal and oscillations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID POINT CONTACTS; CONDUCTANCE; TRANSPORT; SUBBANDS AB The quantized electron-diffusion thermoelectric power S is studied for a general one-dimensional band structure in ballistic channels with applications to a single-quantum-well channel and tunnel-coupled double-quantum-well channels in a perpendicular magnetic field. We find a field-induced sign reversal of S and oscillations in double-well channels. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lyo, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 26 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 20 BP 3379 EP 3384 AR PII S0953-8984(04)77006-X DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/20/009 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 828MM UT WOS:000221977400012 ER PT J AU Dandekar, BS Groves, KM AF Dandekar, BS Groves, KM TI Using ionospheric scintillation observations for studying the morphology of equatorial ionospheric bubbles SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE equatorial ionosphere; ionospheric scintillations; equatorial ionospheric bubbles AB For a study of the equatorial ionosphere, ionospheric scintillation data at VHF and L-band frequencies have been routinely collected by ground-based receivers at Ancon, Peru, Antofagasta, Chile, and Ascension Island, UK, since May 1994. The receivers routinely monitor VHF transmissions from two geosynchronous satellites located at 100degreesW longitude and 23degreesW longitude, and L-band signals from satellites located at 75degreesW longitude and 15degreesW longitude. This combination provides a network of seven usable, reasonably separated links for monitoring ionospheric equatorial bubble activity in the South American longitude sector. A data set of seven years covering the period from 1995 to 2001 was studied to determine the temporal, diurnal, and seasonal behavior of equatorial bubbles. The results of our statistical study are presented here. In general the equatorial ionospheric bubble activity shows a strong systematic and primary dependence in temporal, diurnal, and seasonal variation, and a secondary weak dependence on geomagnetic and solar flux activity. At present, the dependence on solar and magnetic activity is not usable for near-time and short-term prediction of the equatorial bubble activity. Equatorial bubbles usually start 1 hour after sunset, the activity peaks before local midnight, and vanishes by early morning. The activity peaks in the months of November and January-February and is practically absent (weak) from May to August. On a daily basis on the average one sees 1 to 3 bubbles. The duration of bubbles is about 70 min, and the time spacing between the bubbles is 1 to 2 hours. The bubble activity in general follows the phase of solar cycle activity. The observed systematic behavior of the equatorial bubbles allows for a now cast and short-term forecast of the bubble activity in the South American sector. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM balkrishna.dandekar@hanscom.af.mil NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAY 26 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 AR RS3010 DI 10.1029/2003RS003020 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 827PU UT WOS:000221913700002 ER PT J AU Winiarz, JG Ghebremichael, F AF Winiarz, JG Ghebremichael, F TI Beam cleanup and image restoration with a photorefractive polymeric composite SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID STORAGE AB We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the use of a photorefractive polymeric composite to clean a phase-distorted laser beam and reconstruct a badly distorted image. Advantageous qualities including relatively high figures of merit, ease of processability, and low cost make this class of materials attractive when compared with their inorganic crystalline counterparts. In addition, we used four-wave-mixing and holographic techniques to obtain an internal diffraction efficiency of similar to31% at 54.5 V/mum and a two-beam-coupling gain coefficient of Gamma = 17 cm(-1) at 54.5 V/mum under our experimental conditions. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Winiarz, JG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ghebremichael@usafa.af.mil NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 15 BP 3166 EP 3170 DI 10.1364/AO.43.003166 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 822GX UT WOS:000221528200023 PM 15176207 ER PT J AU Jedicke, R Nesvorny, D Whiteley, R Ivezic, Z Juric, M AF Jedicke, R Nesvorny, D Whiteley, R Ivezic, Z Juric, M TI An age-colour relationship for main-belt S-complex asteroids SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS; ORDINARY CHONDRITE METEORITES; FAMILIES AB Asteroid collisions in the main belt eject fragments that may eventually land on Earth as meteorites(1-3). It has therefore been a long-standing puzzle in planetary science that laboratory spectra of the most populous class of meteorite (ordinary chondrites, OC) do not match the remotely observed surface spectra of their presumed (S-complex) asteroidal parent bodies. One of the proposed solutions to this perplexing observation is that 'space weathering' modifies the exposed planetary surfaces over time through a variety of processes (such as solar and cosmic ray bombardment, micro-meteorite bombardment, and so on). Space weathering has been observed on lunar samples(4), in Earth-based laboratory experiments(5,6), and there is good evidence from spacecraft data that the process is active on asteroid surfaces(7,8). Here, we present a measurement of the rate of space weathering on S-complex main-belt asteroids using a relationship between the ages of asteroid families and their colours(9). Extrapolating this age-colour relationship to very young ages yields a good match to the colour of freshly cut OC meteorite samples, lending strong support to a genetic relationship between them and the S-complex asteroids. C1 Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. USAF, Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Los Angeles AFB, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Jedicke, R (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jedicke@ifa.hawaii.edu NR 27 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 20 PY 2004 VL 429 IS 6989 BP 275 EP 277 DI 10.1038/nature02578 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 822AO UT WOS:000221505900036 PM 15152246 ER PT J AU Murad, E Roth, C AF Murad, E Roth, C TI Evaporation of high speed sporadic meteors SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 430 MHZ RADAR; ABLATION; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; ATOMS AB Recent measurements conducted at the Arecibo Observatory report high-speed sporadic meteors having velocities near 50 km/s. The results seem to indicate a bimodal velocity distribution in the sporadic meteors (maxima at similar to20 km/s and similar to50 km/s). The particles have a maximum mass of similar to1 mug. This paper will present an analysis of the ablation of 1 mug meteoroids having velocities of 20, 30, 50, and 70 km/s. The calculations show that there is fractionation even for the fast meteoroids, the effect being particularly noticeable for the 1 mug sporadic particles, and less so for the heavier particles. The relevance of the calculations to the radar observations of the sporadic meteors will be discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Murad, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ed.murad@hanscom.af.mil NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 18 PY 2004 VL 4 BP 737 EP 740 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 821WK UT WOS:000221493600001 ER PT J AU Wilkes, JS AF Wilkes, JS TI Properties of ionic liquid solvents for catalysis SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE density; viscosity; melting and glass transition temperatures; thermal stability empirical solvent parameters; absorption; toxicity; surface tension; heat capacity; thermal conductivity ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MELTING-POINTS; VISCOSITY; SPECTROSCOPY; SALTS AB Ionic liquids are good solvents for catalytic reactions. The rational selection of the appropriate ionic liquid solvent for a particular reaction requires general knowledge of the properties of ionic liquids, and the details of some properties of the specific ionic liquid solvents being considered. The solvent properties of ionic liquids that are relevant to catalysis are discussed, and sources of the values of those properties for ionic liquids are identified. A roadmap for the literature values of density, viscosity, melting and glass transition temperatures, thermal stability, empirical solvent parameters, absorption, toxicity, surface tension, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity is provided. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wilkes, JS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Chem, 2355 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2N225, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.wilkes@usafa.af.mil NR 44 TC 559 Z9 585 U1 9 U2 87 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD MAY 18 PY 2004 VL 214 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.molcata.2003.11.029 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 812AO UT WOS:000220812600002 ER PT J AU Meng, S Nanjundiah, K Kyu, T Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ AF Meng, S Nanjundiah, K Kyu, T Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ TI Transport controlled pattern photopolymerization in a single-component system SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PHASE-SEPARATION; DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; HOLOGRAM FORMATION; MIXTURES; GRATINGS; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB The purpose of the present paper is to extend the concept of pattern photopolymerization-induced phase separation of a binary blend to a single-component system containing pure photoreactive monomers with a minute level of photoinitiators. The patterning formation process was simulated in the framework of Cahn-Hilliard equation coupled with the photoreaction kinetic equation. Unlike binary systems undergoing photopolymerization-induced phase separation driven by thermodynamic force, the mechanism of pattern formation in the single-component system is essentially a photoreaction-induced transport phenomenon. Of particular interest is the observation of polymer concentration profiles evolving from a sinusoidal wave to various truncated ones. On the basis of two-wave interference optics, the microchannel layers have been fabricated. Resultant morphology was characterized using optical and atomic force microscopes. A two-dimensional light scattering device was utilized to study the diffraction patterns from the fabricated microchannel layers. The observed concentration profiles were compared with the theoretical predictions, and good agreement was found. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kyu, T (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM tkyu@uakron.edu NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 18 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 10 BP 3792 EP 3798 DI 10.1021/ma0356055 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 820MW UT WOS:000221394600038 ER PT J AU Vij, A Wilson, WW Vij, V Corley, RC Tham, FS Gerken, M Haiges, R Schneider, S Schroer, T Wagner, RI AF Vij, A Wilson, WW Vij, V Corley, RC Tham, FS Gerken, M Haiges, R Schneider, S Schroer, T Wagner, RI TI Methyl tin(IV) derivatives of HOTeF5 and HN(SO2CF3)(2): A solution multinuclear NMR study and the X-ray crystal structures of (CH3)(2)SnCl(OTeF5) and [(CH3)(3)Sn(H2O)(2)][N(SO2CF3)(2)] SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SN-ME ANGLE; TE-125 NMR; TRIMETHYLTIN FLUORIDE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; MOSSBAUER-SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; COORDINATION; CATIONS; SALTS; OTEF5 AB The new tin(IV) species (CH3)(2)SnCl(OTeF5) was prepared via either the solvolysis of (CH3)(3)SnCl in HOTeF5 or the reaction of (CH3)(3)SnCl with ClOTeF5. It was characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. (CH3)(2)SnCl(OTeF5) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n (a = 5.8204(8) Angstrom, b =10.782(1) Angstrom, c =15.493(2) Angstrom, beta = 91.958(2)degrees, V = 971.7(2) inverted perpendicular(3), Z= 4). NMR spectroscopy of (CH3)(3)-SnX, prepared from excess Sn(CH3)(4) and HX (X = OTeF5 or N(SO2CF3)(2)), revealed a tetracoordinate tin environment using (CH3)(3)SnX as a neat liquid or in dichloromethane-d(2) (CD2Cl2) solutions. In acetone-d(6) and acetonitrile-d(3) (CD3CN) solutions, the tin atom in (CH3)(3)SnOTeF5 was found to extend its coordination number to five by adding one solvent molecule. In the strong donor solvent DMSO, the Sn-OTeF5 bond is broken and the (CH3)(3)Sn(O= S(CH3)(2))(2)(+) cation and the OTeF5- anion are formed. (CH3)(3)SnOTeF5 and (CH3)(3)SnN(SO2CF3)(2) react differently with water, While the Te-F bonds in the OTeF5 group of (CH3)(3)SnOTeF5 undergo complete hydrolysis that results in the formation of [(CH3)(3)Sn(H2O)(2)](2)SiF6, (CH3)(3)SnN(SO2CF3)(2) forms the stable hydrate salt [(CH3)(3)Sn(H2O)(2)][N(SO2CF3)(2)]. This salt crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c (a = 7.3072(1) Angstrom, b = 13.4649(2) Angstrom, c =16.821(2) Angstrom , beta = 98.705(1)degrees, V = 1636.00(3) Angstrom(3), Z = 4) and was also characterized by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy. C1 USAF, Res Lab, PRSP & ERC Inc, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Vij, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, PRSP & ERC Inc, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM ashwani.vij@edwards.af.mil RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 17 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 10 BP 3189 EP 3199 DI 10.1021/ic049785q PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 819LX UT WOS:000221317500020 PM 15132626 ER PT J AU Chan, ED Laurel, V Strand, MJ Chan, JF Huynh, MLN Goble, M Iseman, MD AF Chan, ED Laurel, V Strand, MJ Chan, JF Huynh, MLN Goble, M Iseman, MD TI Treatment and outcome analysis of 205 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE drug resistance; Mycobocterium tuberculosis; fluoroquinolones; surgery ID SUBSTANCE OFLOXACIN DL8280; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; CIPROFLOXACIN; MOXIFLOXACIN; SURVIVAL AB Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are resistant at least to rifampin and isoniazid, entails extended treatment, expensive and toxic regimens, and higher rates of treatment failure and death. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes in 205 patients treated at our center for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, with strains resistant to a median of six drugs, and compared the results with those of our previous series. Logistic regression and survival analysis were used to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes, respectively. Initial favorable response, defined as at least three consecutive negative sputum cultures over a period of at least 3 months, was 85% compared with 65% in the prior cohort. The current cohort had greater long-term success rates, 75% versus 56%, and lower tuberculosis death rates, 12% versus 22%, than the earlier one. Surgical resection and fluoroquinolone therapy were associated with improved microbiological and clinical outcomes in the 205 patients studied after adjusting for other variables. The improvement was statistically significant for surgery and among older patients for fluoroquinolone therapy. C1 Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Med, Cell Biol Program, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Div Biostat, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Pulm Sci & Crit Care Med, Denver, CO USA. Denver Vet Adm Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Iseman, MD (reprint author), Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Med, Cell Biol Program, J223,Molly Blank Bldg,1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. EM isemanm@njc.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-66-112] NR 27 TC 213 Z9 223 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 169 IS 10 BP 1103 EP 1109 DI 10.1164/rccm.200308-11590C PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 819KV UT WOS:000221314700007 PM 14742301 ER PT J AU Hazu, K Torii, K Sota, T Adachi, S Chichibu, SF Cantwell, G Reynolds, DC Litton, CW AF Hazu, K Torii, K Sota, T Adachi, S Chichibu, SF Cantwell, G Reynolds, DC Litton, CW TI Impact of the k-linear term on nonlinear optical response of the C-exciton manifold in ZnO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGIES; BIAXIAL STRAIN; POLARITONS; GAN; BIEXCITONS; LAYERS AB Time-integrated and spectrally resolved four-wave mixing (FWM) has been applied to study the impact of the k-linear term on nonlinear optical response of the C-exciton manifold in ZnO. From the excitation wavelength dependence of the FWM signal, we have found possible evidence that the mixing of the Gamma(1) and Gamma(5L) states leads to a three-branch excitonic polariton dispersion but the oscillator strength transfer is small. The energy separation between the lower polariton branch and the extra branch due to the k-linear term has been found to be 3.5 meV. In addition, a binding energy of biexcitons consisting of two C excitons of 1.4 meV has been obtained. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Waseda Univ, Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Appl Phys, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Zn Technol Inc, Res, Brea, CA 92821 USA. AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Waseda Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Tokyo, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, ERATO, NICP, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020071, Japan. RIKEN, Photodynam Res Ctr, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan. RP Hazu, K (reprint author), Waseda Univ, Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. EM kouji@moegi.waseda.jp; tkyksota@waseda.jp NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 10 BP 5498 EP 5501 DI 10.1063/1.1710727 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 818UF UT WOS:000221269300036 ER PT J AU Satpathy, S Popovic, ZS Mitchel, WC AF Satpathy, S Popovic, ZS Mitchel, WC TI Theory of the composition dependence of the band offset and sheet carrier density in the GaN/AlxGa1-xN heterostructure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; ELECTRON-MOBILITY; GAN; POLARIZATION; ALN; HETEROJUNCTIONS; CHARGE; TRANSISTORS AB We present a systematic study of the sheet carrier density and valence-band offset in the GaN/AlxGa1-xN(0001) heterostructure as a function of x from ab initio density-functional methods. We find that the calculated sheet carrier density increases rapidly with x for xless than or equal to0.3 in good agreement with experiments, but beyond this concentration, it quickly saturates to a value of about 2x10(13) cm(-2). The band offset shows a small asymmetry between the Ga-face and N-face interfaces and changes more or less linearly with x, although a small bowing is found. The layer-projected densities of states indicate the formation of the two-dimensional electron gas at the Ga-face interface and confirm the absence of interface states in the gap. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Inst Nucl Sci Vinca, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. RP Satpathy, S (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 10 BP 5597 EP 5601 DI 10.1063/1.1704869 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 818UF UT WOS:000221269300047 ER PT J AU Spowart, JE Miracle, DB Mullens, HM AF Spowart, JE Miracle, DB Mullens, HM TI The influence of solute distribution on the high nucleation density of Al crystals in amorphous aluminum alloys SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID METALLIC GLASSES; NANOCRYSTAL DEVELOPMENT; COMPLETE PACKING; CRYSTALLIZATION; PARTICLES AB An extension of a previous model that describes the role of solute atoms on glass formability leads to the conclusion that solute distribution plays an important role in the formation and stability of amorphous metals. A random distribution of solutes is shown to produce local solute-depleted regions (on the size scale of the mean inter-solute spacing) that provide preferred sites for the formation of crystalline nuclei. The possibility that these solute-depleted regions are responsible for the exceptionally high number density of critical Al nuclei is explored for three Al-Y binary alloys using a computer simulation. Up to 10(7) Y atoms were placed at random locations in the system, and the number of solute-free regions were counted as a function of the size of these regions. The experimentally observed number density of critical nuclei (similar to3 x 10(21) m(-3)) is reproduced for a critical nucleus about 5 Al atoms in diameter, containing similar to60 Al atoms in an fcc array. Good agreement with previous suggestions of the size of a critical nucleus (about 6 atoms in diameter, containing about 100 atoms) support the conclusion that the current model provides a reasonable physical explanation for the quenched-in features responsible for the exceptionally high nucleation density in some amorphous Al alloys. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SOCHE, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Spowart, JE (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM jonathan.spowart@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 336 IS 3 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.02.011 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 817CV UT WOS:000221156500007 ER PT J AU Park, SY Farmer, BL Lee, IC AF Park, SY Farmer, BL Lee, IC TI Effects of the alkyl side-chain length on the structures of poly [oxy(N-alkylsulfonylmethyl) ethylene]s SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sulfone-containing polymers; X-ray; liquid crystal; IR; thermal properties; liquid crystalline polymers; structure; infrared spectroscopy ID ORDERED MESOPHASE STRUCTURES; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; COMB-LIKE POLYMERS; PHASE IDENTIFICATION; MELTING TRANSITIONS; TPP POLYETHERS; ALKYLSULFONYLMETHYL; POLY(OXYETHYLENE)S; COPOLYETHERS; FUSION AB The structures of poly[oxy(N-alkylsulfonylmethyl)ethylene]s (ASE-Ns) were examined with X-ray, IR, DSC, and polarized optical microscopy. The structures of ASE-Ns were strongly dependent on the alkyl side-chain length. ASE-2 and ASE-3, the shortest ones, were amorphous materials. ASE-4 and ASE-5 showed nematic characteristics. ASE-6-ASE-12 had smectic A structures. ASE-14 and ASE-16 could be labeled as more ordered structures higher than smectic A (probably smectic B or smectic E). The d-spacings of the first small-angle reflections were double the most extended side-chain length and linearly increased with a slope of 2.50 Angstrom per methylene unit, regardless of the structural phases. The maintenance of the double-layered structure in all ASE-Ns may be due to the strong dipole-dipole interactions at both sides of the layers against the main chain for all amorphous, nematic, and smectic phases of ASE-Ns. The double-layered structure was maintained above the isotropic temperature, indicating that dipole-dipole interactions were not destroyed although the alkyl side chains melted during the isotropic transition. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. RP Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM psy@knu.ac.kr NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1868 EP 1874 DI 10.1002/polb.20011 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 816KC UT WOS:000221107800009 ER PT J AU Tiley, J Searles, T Lee, E Kar, S Banerjee, R Russ, JC Fraser, HL AF Tiley, J Searles, T Lee, E Kar, S Banerjee, R Russ, JC Fraser, HL TI Quantification of microstructural features in alpha/beta titanium alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE titanium alloys; microstructure; quantification; stereology AB Mechanical properties of alpha/beta Ti alloys are closely related to their microstructure. The complexity of the microstructural features involved makes it rather difficult to develop models for predicting properties of these alloys. Developing predictive rules-based models for alpha/beta Ti alloys requires a huge database consisting of quantified microstructural data. This in turn requires the development of rigorous stereological procedures capable of quantifying the Various microstructural features of interest imaged using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. In the present paper, rigorous stereological procedures have been developed for quantifying four important microstructural features in these alloys: thickness of Widmanstatten alpha laths, colony scale factor, prior beta grain size, and volume fraction of Widmanstatten alpha laths. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Banerjee, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM banerjee.8@osu.edu NR 15 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 372 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.12.008 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 821TC UT WOS:000221484600022 ER PT J AU Williams, S Gupta, M Owano, T Baer, DS O'Keefe, A Yarkony, DR Matsika, S AF Williams, S Gupta, M Owano, T Baer, DS O'Keefe, A Yarkony, DR Matsika, S TI Quantitative detection of singlet O-2 by cavity-enhanced absorption SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OUTPUT SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRIC-QUADRUPOLE; OXYGEN; TRANSITION; PRESSURE; WIDTHS; LINES; A(1)DELTA(G); STRENGTHS AB A method for the practical determination of the absolute concentration of single (a(1)Delta(g)) oxygen is discussed. The method is based on sensitive off-axis integrated-cavity-output spectroscopy (ICOS). Off-axis ICOS allows narrowband, continuous-wave lasers to be used in conjunction with optical cavities to record sensitive absorption measurements. The details of the method as well as spectroscopic data confirming the first observation of the (1,0) band of the b(1)Sigma(g)(+)-a(1)Delta(g) Noxon system are presented. The absolute transition probabilities for the b(1)Sigma(g)(+)-a(1)Delta(g) Noxon system, which are not known precisely from experiments, are determined by quantum chemistry theory. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Loa Gatos Res Inc, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Williams, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM skip.williams@hanscom.af.mil NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1066 EP 1068 DI 10.1364/OL.29.001066 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 817PM UT WOS:000221189400008 PM 15181987 ER PT J AU Keskinen, MJ Basu, S Basu, S AF Keskinen, MJ Basu, S Basu, S TI Midlatitude sub-auroral ionospheric small scale structure during a magnetic storm SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION DRIFTS; SCINTILLATIONS; THERMOSPHERE; SIGNATURES; CONVECTION AB We develop a model for small scale structure in the midlatitude sub-auroral polarization stream (SAPS)-driven density trough ionosphere during a magnetic storm. We include the effects of ring current precipitation, parallel currents, rapid subauroral ion drifts, storm-induced neutral winds, ion temperature and density gradients. We find that ionospheric density, electric field, ion and electron temperature irregularities can be driven in the stormtime SAPS-driven density trough ( 1) wall region from the ion temperature gradient convective instability, which is driven by density and ion temperature gradients, in concert with the gradient-drift instability and ( 2) central region from an ion frictional heating instability which is driven by strong ion convection. C1 USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Keskinen, MJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Code 6750, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM keskinen@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; basu@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; sbasu@bu.edu NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 14 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 9 AR L09811 DI 10.1029/2003GL019368 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 821PG UT WOS:000221473600002 ER PT J AU Lopez-Puertas, M Garcia-Comas, M Funke, B Picard, RH Winick, JR Wintersteiner, PP Mlynczak, MG Mertens, CJ Russell, JM Gordley, LL AF Lopez-Puertas, M Garcia-Comas, M Funke, B Picard, RH Winick, JR Wintersteiner, PP Mlynczak, MG Mertens, CJ Russell, JM Gordley, LL TI Evidence for an OH(upsilon) excitation mechanism of CO2 4.3 mu m nighttime emission from SABER/TIMED measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE mesosphere; CO2; 4.3 mu m emission; OH ID INFRARED ROCKET EXPERIMENT; ATMOSPHERIC LIMB EMISSION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; UPPER MESOSPHERE; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION; AIRGLOW AB The SABER instrument on board the TIMED satellite, successfully launched on 7 December 2001, measures the CO2 4.3 mum atmospheric emission at day and night, from the troposphere up to the thermosphere, with a near global latitude coverage and with a very high signal-to-noise ratio. SABER has also three channels near 15 mum for the measurements of the pressure-temperature structure and two channels around 2.0 and 1.6 mum, mainly sensitive to the OH(upsilon less than or equal to 9) overtone radiation from levels upsilon = 8-9 and upsilon = 3-5, respectively. In this paper we analyze the measurements of SABER in channel 7, centered near 4.3 mum, taken at night in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere under quiet (nonauroral) conditions. The measurements of the 4.3 mum radiance in this region are much larger than expected under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and show a strong correlation with the OH channel signal. It was proposed by Kumer et al. [1978] that the CO2(upsilon(3)) levels, responsible for the emission at 4.3 mum, were excited from OH(upsilon) via vibrational-vibrational energy transfer with N-2(1) and hence to CO2(upsilon(3)). SABER data (measuring simultaneously pressure, temperature, CO2 4.3 mum emission, and OH(upsilon) near-IR emission) offer an unprecedented data set for understanding the non-LTE excitation mechanisms of CO2(upsilon(3)) in the nighttime mesosphere. We have investigated the SABER 4.3 mum radiances with the help of a non-LTE radiative transfer model for CO2 and found that the large radiances can be explained by a fast and efficient energy transfer rate from OH(upsilon) to N-2(1) to CO2(upsilon(3)), whereby, on average, 2.8-3 N-2(1) vibrational quanta are excited after quenching of one OH(upsilon) molecule. A series of alternative excitation mechanisms that may enhance the nighttime 4.3 mum limb radiance were considered and found to be insignificant. The mechanism(s) whereby the energy is transferred from OH(upsilon) to N-2(upsilon) is (are) still uncertain. The populations of OH(upsilon) are not significantly affected by incorporation of this fast transfer since N-2 quenching of OH(upsilon) is negligible when compared to O-2 quenching. C1 Inst Astrofis Andalucia, CSIC, E-18080 Granada, Spain. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmosphere Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. GATS Inc, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Lopez-Puertas, M (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Andalucia, CSIC, Apartado Postal 3004, E-18080 Granada, Spain. EM puertas@iaa.es RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013; Garcia-Comas, Maya/E-4050-2014; Funke, Bernd/C-2162-2008 OI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734; Garcia-Comas, Maya/0000-0003-2323-4486; Funke, Bernd/0000-0003-0462-4702 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 13 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D9 AR D09307 DI 10.1029/2003JD004383 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 821PK UT WOS:000221474100001 ER PT J AU Nelson, H Sargent, D Wieand, HS Fleshman, J Anvari, M Stryker, SJ Beart, RW Hellinger, M Flanagan, R Peters, W Ota, D Hellinger, M AF Nelson, H Sargent, D Wieand, HS Fleshman, J Anvari, M Stryker, SJ Beart, RW Hellinger, M Flanagan, R Peters, W Ota, D Hellinger, M CA Clinical Outcomes Surg Therapy Stu TI A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED TRIAL; CLASSIFICATION; SURGERY AB BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive, laparoscopically assisted surgery was first considered in 1990 for patients undergoing colectomy for cancer. Concern that this approach would compromise survival by failing to achieve a proper oncologic resection or adequate staging or by altering patterns of recurrence (based on frequent reports of tumor recurrences within surgical wounds) prompted a controlled trial evaluation. METHODS: We conducted a noninferiority trial at 48 institutions and randomly assigned 872 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon to undergo open or laparoscopically assisted colectomy performed by credentialed surgeons. The median follow-up was 4.4 years. The primary end point was the time to tumor recurrence. RESULTS: At three years, the rates of recurrence were similar in the two groups -- 16 percent among patients in the group that underwent laparoscopically assisted surgery and 18 percent among patients in the open-colectomy group (two-sided P=0.32; hazard ratio for recurrence, 0.86; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.63 to 1.17). Recurrence rates in surgical wounds were less than 1 percent in both groups (P=0.50). The overall survival rate at three years was also very similar in the two groups (86 percent in the laparoscopic-surgery group and 85 percent in the open-colectomy group; P=0.51; hazard ratio for death in the laparoscopic-surgery group, 0.91; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.21), with no significant difference between groups in the time to recurrence or overall survival for patients with any stage of cancer. Perioperative recovery was faster in the laparoscopic-surgery group than in the open-colectomy group, as reflected by a shorter median hospital stay (five days vs. six days, P<0.001) and briefer use of parenteral narcotics (three days vs. four days, P<0.001) and oral analgesics (one day vs. two days, P=0.02). The rates of intraoperative complications, 30-day postoperative mortality, complications at discharge and 60 days, hospital readmission, and reoperation were very similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this multi-institutional study, the rates of recurrent cancer were similar after laparoscopically assisted colectomy and open colectomy, suggesting that the laparoscopic approach is an acceptable alternative to open surgery for colon cancer. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, NCCTG, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, RTOG, St Louis, MO USA. McMaster Univ, St Joseph Healthcare, NCIC, CTG, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, ECOG, RTOG, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, SWOG, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Miami, Jackson Mem Med Ctr, ECOG, Miami, FL USA. St Joseph Mercy Hosp, NCCTG, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Boone Hosp Ctr, CALGB, Columbia, MO USA. LDS Hosp, Intermt Hlth Care Canc Serv, RTOG, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, SWOG, New York, NY USA. Univ Missouri, CALGB, Columbia, MO USA. Midwest Surg PA, SWOG, Wichita, KS USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, SWOG, Seattle, WA USA. Lahey Clin Fdn, CALGB, Burlington, MA USA. MD Anderson Orlando Canc Ctr, RTOG, Orlando, FL USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Kentucky, SWOG, Lexington, KY USA. Kankenau Hosp, Inst Med Res, NSABP, Wynnewood, PA USA. Ottawa Reg Canc Ctr, NCIC, CTG, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4K7, Canada. Creighton Univ, NCCTG, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Lehigh Valley Hosp, ECOG, Allentown, PA USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, SWOG, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. St Joseph Med Ctr, RTOG, Baltimore, MD USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk Surg Grp, CALGB, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. St Lukes Hosp, ECOG, Bethlehem, PA USA. Mercy Hlth Ctr, SWOG, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Mayo Clin, NCCTG, Scottsdale, AZ USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, CALGB, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Swedish Med Ctr, ECOG, Englewood, CO USA. Ctr Hosp Univ Quebec, NSABP, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, NSABP, Greenville, NC USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, CALGB, New York, NY 10029 USA. Jefferson Reg Med Ctr, ECOG, Pittsburgh, PA USA. St Joseph Mercy Hosp, NCCTG, Pontiac, MI USA. Abington Mem Hosp, ECOG, Abington, PA 19001 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston Med Ctr, CALGB, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, CALGB, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Wilford Hall, TX USA. Univ Virginia, ECOG, Charlottesville, VA USA. Legacy Hlth Syst, SWOG, Portland, OR USA. Allegheny Gen Hosp, NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. John Muir Mt Diablo Hlth Syst, Mt Diablo Med Ctr, RTOG, Concord, CA USA. Huntington Mem Hosp, Beverly Hills, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, NSABP, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Mem Med Ctr, CALGB, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, NSABP, Dallas, TX USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, CALGB, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Nelson, H (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, NCCTG, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 22 TC 1598 Z9 1637 U1 4 U2 44 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 13 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 20 BP 2050 EP 2059 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 819ZB UT WOS:000221354000006 ER PT J AU Zarkoob, S Eby, RK Reneker, DH Hudson, SD Ertley, D Adams, WW AF Zarkoob, S Eby, RK Reneker, DH Hudson, SD Ertley, D Adams, WW TI Structure and morphology of electrospun silk nanofibers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coupling Simulations and Experiments in Polymer Science CY MAY 15-17, 2003 CL Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT HO Univ Utah DE N. clavipes; B. mori; electrospinning ID DRAGLINE SILK; SPIDER SILK AB Nanoscale fibers of natural silks of Bombyx mori and Nephila clavipes were produced from solutions in hexafluoro-2-propanol. The electrospun fibers were observed by optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. These nanofibers showed optical retardation. appeared to have a circular cross-section, and were thermally stable under nitrogen to 280 degreesC (N. clavipes) and to 245 degreesC (B. mori). The diameter of the fibers ranged from approximately 6.5-200 nm making them orders of magnitudes smaller than the natural silks spun by most silkworms and spiders. The smallest fiber diameters correspond to 200 molecules in the cross section of the N. clavipes fibers and 150 in B. mori. Electron diffraction patterns of annealed electrospun fibers of B. mori and N. clavipes exhibit diffraction peaks demonstrating, orientational and crystalline order comparable to that of naturally spun silks. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eby, RK (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM reby@uakron.edu RI Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010 NR 16 TC 109 Z9 114 U1 7 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAY 13 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 11 BP 3973 EP 3977 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.10.102 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 821TT UT WOS:000221486300047 ER PT J AU Kim, H Foster, MD Jiang, H Tullis, S Bunning, TJ Majkrzak, CF AF Kim, H Foster, MD Jiang, H Tullis, S Bunning, TJ Majkrzak, CF TI Interface structure of photonic multilayers prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE PECVD multilayer; interface structure; reflectivity ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SERUM-ALBUMIN ADSORPTION; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLYMERIZED OCTOFLUOROCYCLOBUTANE; FLUOROCARBON PLASMAS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBON-FILMS AB The structures of substrate/layer, layer/layer, and layer/air interfaces in optical multilayers made using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) have been probed for the first time using X-ray reflectivity and neutron reflectivity. From the point of view of optical applications the interfaces are extremely sharp, sharper than is often achievable with the self-assembly of block copolymers or deposition techniques in which the polymer layers contact while in a fluid state. The average interface width, a(1), between layers made from different precursors is about 40 Angstrom (16 Angstrom rms). The layer/layer interfaces are generally 2-3 times broader than the layer/air interfaces. Polymeric fluorocarbon films deposited on a Si substrate using PECVD with octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB) monomer show uniform scattering length density with depth except for a region of molecular thickness immediately adjacent to the substrate. Films made from deuterated benzene show uniform density throughout the film thickness. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Maurice Morton Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Co, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Univ Akron, Maurice Morton Inst Polymer Sci, 170 Univ Ave, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM hkim1@uakron.edu; mfoster@uakron.edu NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAY 11 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 10 BP 3175 EP 3184 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.03.028 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 816UW UT WOS:000221135800008 ER PT J AU Sun, G Soref, RA Khurgin, JB AF Sun, G Soref, RA Khurgin, JB TI Reduced threshold current of a quantum dot laser in a short period superlattice of indirect-band gap SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAAS-ALAS SUPERLATTICES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE; ALXGA1-XAS AB We propose the idea of making quantum dot lasers by embedding direct-band gap quantum dots in a short period superlattice whose band gap is indirect. This technique reduces the threshold current and its temperature dependence. We show that a higher characteristic-temperature T-0 can be achieved in a quantum dot laser with indirect GaAs/AlAs superlattice barriers compared to that with direct GaAs barriers. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM greg.sun@umb.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 19 BP 3861 EP 3863 DI 10.1063/1.1751606 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 817XL UT WOS:000221210100047 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, RI Phillips, SH Hoflund, GB AF Gonzalez, RI Phillips, SH Hoflund, GB TI In situ atomic oxygen erosion study of fluoropolymer films using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atomic oxygen; low earth orbit (LEO); polymer, space, fluorine; fluoropolymers ID ELECTRON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; COPOLYMER; SURFACE; AG AB The surfaces of a homologous series of fluoropolymers were characterized in sit using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after a 15-min exposure to the flux produced by a unique hyperthermal atomic oxygen (AO) source, which produces a flux of about of 10(15) atoms cm(-2) s(-1). The linear polymers investigated in this study include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE). They possess a similar base structure with increasing fluorine-to-carbon ratios of 0, 1 : 2, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1, respectively. No interaction of the AO with the nonfluorine-containing linear polymer HDPE was detected over this short exposure. However, a correlation exists between the chemical composition of the fluorinated polymers and the induced chemical and structural alterations occurring in the near-surface region as a result of exposure to AO. The data indicate that AO initially attacks the fluorine portion of the polymers, resulting in a substantial decrease in the near-surface fluorine concentration. The near-surface fluorine-to-carbon ratios of PVF, PVdF, and PTFE decreased during the 15-min AO exposure by 68, 39, and 18.5%, respectively. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Mat Applicat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hoflund, GB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hoflund@che.ufl.edu NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 5 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 3 BP 1977 EP 1983 DI 10.1002/app.20009 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 806LI UT WOS:000220435000079 ER PT J AU Dichtel, WR Serin, JM Edder, C Frechet, JMJ Matuszewski, M Tan, LS Ohulchanskyy, TY Prasad, PN AF Dichtel, WR Serin, JM Edder, C Frechet, JMJ Matuszewski, M Tan, LS Ohulchanskyy, TY Prasad, PN TI Singlet oxygen generation via two-photon excited FRET SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ABSORPTION; ENHANCEMENT; PORPHYRINS; SYSTEM; LIGHT C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, MLBP,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Dichtel, William/A-5503-2009; Ohulchanskyy, Tymish/A-8221-2009; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Dichtel, William/0000-0002-3635-6119; Ohulchanskyy, Tymish/0000-0002-7051-6534; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 18 TC 177 Z9 180 U1 7 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 5 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 17 BP 5380 EP 5381 DI 10.1021/ja031647x PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 816US UT WOS:000221135400023 PM 15113208 ER PT J AU Wols, HD Baker, JE AF Wols, HD Baker, JE TI Dental health of elderly confederate veterans: Evidence from the Texas State Cemetery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE paleopathology; Civil War; hypoplasia; caries; antemortem tooth loss; dental abscess ID TOOTH LOSS; CARIES; POPULATION AB Analysis of the skeletal remains of 50 Confederate veterans provided a unique opportunity to explore the dental health of a geriatric sample. These men, who died between 1907-1932, had an average age at death of 76.7 years. Ninety percent were institutionalized at the Confederate Home for Men (Austin, TX) prior to their deaths. This elderly sample was assessed in terms of caries, antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), abscesses, and linear enamel hypoplasias. On a per tooth basis, the AMTL rate was 57.2%. Of 39 dentate men, 33 (84.6%) had dental caries, and 24.4% (121 of 496) of teeth were carious. Ten (25.0%) of the dentate men had hypoplastic teeth. At least one abscess was seen in 14 (28%) of 50 individuals. Results from this geriatric institutionalized sample are compared to contemporaneous historical samples. Disparities in dental health among these groups may be due to differences in average age at death, and these comparisons allow a better understanding of dental changes that occur with age. The sample is also compared to modern elderly samples: modern groups have higher caries rates, possibly because they retained more teeth. This finding may be due in part to diets in the United States becoming increasingly cariogenic over time. In addition, dental care has moved from the reactive practices seen in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (such as tooth extractions) to modern proactive solutions dedicated to preserving and restoring teeth (such as tooth brushing, fluoride treatments, and dental fillings). (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USA, Cent Identif Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Wols, HD (reprint author), USA, Cent Identif Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM wolsh@cilhi.army.mil NR 61 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 124 IS 1 BP 59 EP 72 DI 10.1002/ajpa.10334 PG 14 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 816LS UT WOS:000221112000006 PM 15085548 ER PT J AU Kazakov, DV Fanburg-Smith, JC Suster, S Neuhauser, TS Palmedo, G Zamecnik, M Kempf, W Michal, M AF Kazakov, DV Fanburg-Smith, JC Suster, S Neuhauser, TS Palmedo, G Zamecnik, M Kempf, W Michal, M TI Castleman disease of the subcutis and underlying skeletal muscle - Report of 6 cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Castleman disease; POEMS syndrome; follicular dendritic cells; subcutis; soft tissue; skeletal muscle ID HYALINE-VASCULAR TYPE; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; LYMPH-NODE HYPERPLASIA; DENDRITIC CELL-SARCOMA; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; POEMS SYNDROME; REARRANGEMENT; DISORDERS; NEOPLASIA; LESION AB Castleman disease of the subcutis and skeletal muscle is rare. We have collected a series of 6 cases of extranodal Castleman disease, located in the subcutis and skeletal muscles of the extremities and trunk. Tumors from mediastinal and retroperitoneal soft tissue and those histologically involving peripheral or truncal lymph nodes were excluded. There were four females and two males; ages ranged from 18 to 37 years (mean, 26 years). Locations included thigh (n = 3), anterior chest (n = 2), and upper arm (n = 1). Sizes ranged from 4.0 to 6.0 cm (mean, 5.2 cm). All patients presented with localized disease. One patient had involvement of the mediastinum I year prior to the appearance of his soft tissue lesion. None of the patients demonstrated systemic involvement or signs of the POEMS syndrome. Histopathologically, all cases were classified as hyaline-vascular type (HVCD). In 3 cases, follicular dendritic cell dysplasia was observed. In I case, the dysplasia was marked. The subcutaneous lesion of 1 patient revealed a maze of capillaries set in a lipomatous background with occasional lymphoid follicles possessing hyalinized lymphocyte-depleted centers. This lesion probably represented incipient HVCD. Molecular biologic studies did not reveal the presence of Epstein-Barr virus or human herpesvirus-8 DNA in the lesional tissue. There also were no monoclonal rearrangements of IgH. Four patients with follow-up included 2 patients with no evidence of disease at 10 and 13 years, respectively, and 2 patients with local recurrence at 2 and 6 months, respectively. In conclusion, soft tissue Castleman disease is a disease of young patients with a female predominance and a propensity to involve the trunk and limbs. It can be of large size and is generally solitary. There may be mild to marked follicular dendritic cell dysplasia. The HVCD predominates in this location. These lesions are usually unassociated with POEMS, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus-8, or monoclonal rearrangements of IgH. C1 Charles Univ, Med Fac Hosp, Lab Spec Diagnost, Siklis Dept Pathol, Plzen 30460, Czech Republic. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Soft Tissue Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Dermatopathol Gemeinschaftpraxis, Friedrichshafen, Germany. Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Unit Dermatopathol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Michal, M (reprint author), Charles Univ, Med Fac Hosp, Lab Spec Diagnost, Siklis Dept Pathol, Alej Svobody 80, Plzen 30460, Czech Republic. EM michal@medima.cz NR 34 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 569 EP 577 DI 10.1097/00000478-200405000-00002 PG 9 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 816DZ UT WOS:000221091900002 PM 15105643 ER PT J AU Nandedkar, MA Patterson, RH Bridgeman-Shah, S Rush, W Tomaszewski, MM AF Nandedkar, MA Patterson, RH Bridgeman-Shah, S Rush, W Tomaszewski, MM TI A large friable tumor overlying the left side of the mandible - Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; SKIN; CYTOKERATIN-20 C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20422 USA. Howard Univ Hosp, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Nandedkar, MA (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 50 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 140 IS 5 BP 609 EP + DI 10.1001/archderm.140.5.609-a PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 819TS UT WOS:000221339200015 PM 15148108 ER PT J AU Kenagy, DN Bird, CT Webber, CM Fischer, JR AF Kenagy, DN Bird, CT Webber, CM Fischer, JR TI Dextroamphetamine use during B-2 combat missions SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fatigue; pharmacologic stimulants; aircraft; amphetamines ID TOTAL SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; D-AMPHETAMINE; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; MODAFINIL; ALERTNESS; EFFICACY; PLACEBO; FATIGUE; MOOD; SIMULATOR AB Introduction: Fatigue among warriors can jeopardize mission success. Prescribed stimulant medications, in-flight sleep, and self-medication with caffeine can mitigate fatigue. During Operation Iraqi Freedom, pilots flew the B-2 bomber to targets in Iraq from one of two airfields. Sortie durations were long (16.9 h) from one field and very long (35.3 h) from the other. Controversy exists concerning the use of stimulant medication, in part because of a paucity of combat data. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 75 pilots who performed 94 combat sorties was performed. We examined the prevalence of the pilot's decision to use dextroamphetamine, caffeine, and in-flight sleep during combat. We compared demographic factors, the impact of one anti-fatigue tool on the use of others, stimulant benefit, and adverse effects. Results: Pilots on shorter missions used dextroamphetamine for 97% and in-flight naps for 13% of sorties. Those on longer missions used dextroamphetamine on 58% and naps on 94% of sorties. Stimulant use was not affected by pilot age, bomber experience, or long-duration experience. The opportunity to obtain in-flight sleep was limited by certain mission profiles, which influenced the decision to use dextroamphetamine. Among pilots who used the medication, 97% noted a benefit. Side effects and failure to observe benefits were uncommon. Conclusions: B-2 pilots in long-duration combat flight selectively employ dextroamphetamine, naps, and other fatigue countermeasures. Major determinants of these decisions are mission requirements and the pilot's experience with each measure and its effect. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Med Grp 509th, Whiteman AFB, MO USA. Med Grp 74th, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Gen Dynam Corp, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kenagy, DN (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59th Med Wing,859 MDOS MMNP,2200 Bergquist Rd, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kenagyrd@earthlink.net NR 18 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 381 EP 386 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 816JY UT WOS:000221107400001 PM 15152888 ER PT J AU Gorla, RSR Gatica, JE Ghorashi, B Ineure, P Byrd, LW AF Gorla, RSR Gatica, JE Ghorashi, B Ineure, P Byrd, LW TI Heat transfer in a thin liquid film in the presence of an electric field SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE thin films; evaporating films; heat transfer; electric field; disjointing pressure; capillary action ID EXTENDED MENISCUS; WETTING FILM; INTERFACIAL CONDITIONS; TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CONTACT-ANGLE; CAPILLARY; EVAPORATION; ENHANCEMENT; MODEL AB Heat transfer enhancement in an evaporating thin liquid film utilizing a electric field under isothermal interfacial condition is presented. A new mathematical model subjected to van der Waals attractive forces, capillary pressure, and an electric field is developed to describe the heat transfer enhancement in the evaporating thin liquid film. The effect of the electrostatic field on the curvature of the thin film, evaporative flux, pressure gradient distribution, heat flux, and heat transfer coefficient in the thin film is presented. The results show that applying an electric field can enhance heat transfer in a thin liquid film significantly. In addition, utilizing electric fields on the evaporating film will be a way to expand the extended meniscus region to attain high heat transfer coefficients and high rates of heat flux. C1 Cleveland State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. Cleveland State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. AF Res Lab, Thermal Struct Branch, Airvehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Gorla, RSR (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. EM r.gorla@csuohio.edu NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0098-6445 J9 CHEM ENG COMMUN JI Chem. Eng. Commun. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 191 IS 5 BP 718 EP 731 DI 10.1080/00986440490276038 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 810HN UT WOS:000220695500008 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ Bui-Mansfield, LT Taylor, DC AF Ly, JQ Bui-Mansfield, LT Taylor, DC TI Radiologic demonstration of temporal development of bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation SO CLINICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation; Nora lesion; BPOP ID FLORID REACTIVE PERIOSTITIS; LESION; BONE AB We report a case of bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) in which radiologic examinations showed temporal development of BPOP following a traumatic event. This evidence supports the theory that BPOP is caused by trauma. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Div Radiol Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Keller Army Community Hosp, Orthopaed Surg Serv, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM jly15544@hotmail.com NR 8 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-7071 J9 CLIN IMAG JI Clin. Imaging PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 28 IS 3 BP 216 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0899-7071(03)00235-3 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 828LW UT WOS:000221975800013 PM 15158229 ER PT J AU Tasker, SA Schnepf, GA Lim, M Caraviello, HE Armstrong, A Bavaro, M Agan, BK Delmar, J Aronson, N Wallace, MR Grabenstein, JD AF Tasker, SA Schnepf, GA Lim, M Caraviello, HE Armstrong, A Bavaro, M Agan, BK Delmar, J Aronson, N Wallace, MR Grabenstein, JD CA US Dept Def Tri Serv AIDS Clin Con TI Unintended smallpox vaccination of HIV-1-infected individuals in the United States military SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; VACCINIA AB We identified 10 individuals who had undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection at the time of smallpox vaccination. Mean CD4 cell count was 483 cells/ mm(3) (range, 286 - 751 cells/mm(3)), and mean log(10) plasma HIV-1 RNA load was 4.13 copies/cm(3) (range, 2.54 - 5.16 copies/ cm(3)). All vaccinees (3 primary and 7 repeat) had a normal, robust reaction without complications. Smallpox vaccine was well-tolerated in this small series of HIV-1 - infected military personnel. C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. USN, Cent HIV Program, Bur Med, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Winn Army Community Hosp, Ft Stewart, GA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USA, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Med Command, Falls Church, VA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Div Infect Dis, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Tasker, SA (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM satasker@bethesda.med.navy.mil OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1320 EP 1322 DI 10.1086/420938 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 813SG UT WOS:000220926200021 PM 15127348 ER PT J AU Bae, HR Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA AF Bae, HR Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA TI Epistemic uncertainty quantification techniques including evidence theory for large-scale structures SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE evidence theory; possibility theory; belief; plausibility; multi point approximation ID FUZZY WEIGHTED AVERAGE; OPTIMIZATION; APPROXIMATIONS; DESIGN AB Over the last decade, probability theory has been studied and embedded in, engineering structural design through uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis, instead of simply assigning safety factors. However, recently it has been found by the scientific and engineering community that there are limitations in using only one framework (probability theory) to quantify the uncertainty in a system because of the impreciseness of data or knowledge. In this paper, evidence theory is proposed as an alternative to the classical probability theory to handle the imprecise data situation. The possibility of adopting evidence theory as a general tool of UQ analysis for large-scale built up structures is investigated with an algorithm that can alleviate the computational difficulties. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grandhi, RV (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 209 RC, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM rgrandhi@cs.wright.edu NR 27 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 82 IS 13-14 BP 1101 EP 1112 DI 10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.03.014 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 827LU UT WOS:000221902100012 ER PT J AU Choi, SK Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA AF Choi, SK Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA TI Structural reliability under non-Gaussian stochastic behavior SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE polynomial chaos; Latin hypercube; SFEM; reliability; joined wing ID POLYNOMIAL CHAOS AB One of the important issues in uncertainty analysis is to find an effective way for propagating uncertainty through the system. In this paper, the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) was selected, since this approach can reduce the computational effort in large-scale engineering design applications. An implementation of PCE for different probability distributions is the focus of this paper. Two existing techniques, a generalized PCE algorithm and transformation methods, are investigated and verified for their accuracy and efficiency for non-normal random variable cases. A highly non-linear structural model of an uninhabitated joined-wing aircraft and a three pin-connected rod structure are used for demonstrating the method. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grandhi, RV (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM schoi@cs.wright.edu; rgrandhi@cs.wright.edu; robert.canfield@afit.edu RI Choi, Seung-Kyum/A-5914-2010 NR 13 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 82 IS 13-14 BP 1113 EP 1121 DI 10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.03.015 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 827LU UT WOS:000221902100013 ER PT J AU Gilson, RT Schissel, DJ AF Gilson, RT Schissel, DJ TI Recurrent, localized urticaria and erythema multiforme: A review and management of cutaneous anthrax vaccine-related events SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID SAFETY AB GOAL To be able to effectively manage a cutaneous adverse event caused by the anthrax vaccine OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this activity, dermatologists and general practitioners should be able to 1. Describe the anthrax vaccine's dosing schedule and contrtaindications. 2. Explain the types of anthrax vaccine-related events. 3. Discuss the management of anthrax vaccine-related events. C1 Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USA Med Act, Dermatol, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Gilson, RT (reprint author), 74 MDOS SGOMD,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.gilson@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 73 IS 5 BP 319 EP 325 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 820ZW UT WOS:000221429800005 PM 15186046 ER PT J AU Rangaswamy, M Michels, JH Himed, B AF Rangaswamy, M Michels, JH Himed, B TI Statistical analysis of the non-homogeneity detector for STAP applications SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc DE STAP; non-homogeneity detector; F-distribution; goodness-of-fit test; GIP; AMF; false alarm probability; detection probability; signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) ID ADAPTIVE MATCHED-FILTER; HETEROGENEOUS CLUTTER; PERFORMANCE AB We present a statistical analysis of the recently proposed non-homogeneity detector (NHD) for Gaussian interference statistics. Specifically, we show that a formal goodness-of-fit test can be constructed by accounting for the statistics of the generalized inner product (GIP) used as the NHD test statistic. The normalized-GIP follows a central-F distribution and admits a canonical representation in terms of two statistically independent chi-squared distributed random variables. Moments of the GIP can be readily calculated as a result. These facts are used to derive the goodness-of-fit tests, which facilitate intelligent training data selection. We then address the issue of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithm performance using the NHD as a pre-processing step for training data selection. Performance of the adaptive matched filter (AMF) method is reported using simulated as well as measured data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNRT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM muralidhar.rangaswamy@hanscom.af.mil; james.michels@rl.af.mil NR 24 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 EI 1095-4333 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 253 EP 267 DI 10.1016/S1051-2004(03)00021-6 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 820UQ UT WOS:000221415400006 ER PT J AU Morton, PM Kummerfeldt, P AF Morton, PM Kummerfeldt, P TI Wilderness survival SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article AB This introduction to wilderness survival discusses basic survival rules and psychology, essential equipment, and selected survival skills, including shelter building, fire starting, water acquisition, signaling, and navigation. Among the litany of other survival topics in the literature, these skills are the most important. An effort has been made to concentrate on the skills and lessons that are simple, straightforward, and most easily used in a wilderness emergency. The purpose is to help readers to learn how to survive with the least amount of pain and the greatest possibility of success. C1 SAUSHEC, Dept Emergency Med, Emergency Med Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF Acad, Survival Sch, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. OutdoorSafe, Colorado Springs, CO 80962 USA. RP Morton, PM (reprint author), SAUSHEC, Dept Emergency Med, Emergency Med Residency Program, 59 MDW MCE,2200 Berquist,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM paul.morton@usafa.af.mil NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 475 EP + DI 10.1016/j.emc.2004.01.009 PG 37 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 829LS UT WOS:000222050500012 PM 15163577 ER PT J AU Zielinska, B Sagebiel, J Arnott, WP Rogers, CF Kelly, KE Wagner, DA Lighty, JS Sarofim, AF Palmer, G AF Zielinska, B Sagebiel, J Arnott, WP Rogers, CF Kelly, KE Wagner, DA Lighty, JS Sarofim, AF Palmer, G TI Phase and size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel and gasoline vehicle emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; THERMODYNAMIC APPROACH; ABSORPTION-MODEL; AEROSOL; GAS; CARBON; COLLECTION; PARTICLES; DESIGN AB Emission measurements were obtained for a variety of military vehicles at Hill Air Force Base (Ogden, UT) in November 2000 as part of a Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. Aircraft ground support equipment vehicles using gasoline, diesel, and JP8 fuels were tested using chassis dynamometers under predetermined load. The exhaust from the tested vehicle was passed to a dilution tunnel where it was diluted 30-40 times and collected using Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) fitted with aluminum substrates, an XAD-coated annular denuder, and a filter followed by a solid adsorbent. All MOUDI substrates were analyzed for mass and for organic and elemental (EC) carbon by the thermal/ optical reflectance method and for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by GC/MS. Black carbon was measured with a photoacoustic instrument. The denuder and filter/ solid adsorbent samples were analyzed for semivolatile PAH. Overall, there is more mass and higher EC contribution when the vehicle is run under higher load in comparison with the low load. However, older vehicles generally show more mass and EC emissions than newer vehicles, and there is a shift toward smaller particle sizes for the low load, which is most pronounced for newer vehicles. The particle-associated semivolatile PAHs and nonvolatile four-through six-ring PAHs are present predominantly on the submicron particles collected on MOUDI stages 0.1-0.18, 0.18-0.32, and 0.32-0.56 mum. For the low-load runs, the distribution of PAHs seems to be shifted toward smaller size particles. The gas-particle phase distribution of semivolatile PAHs depends also on the engine loading. For idle, not only are the more volatile two- and three-ring PAHs, from naphthalene to dimethylphenanthrenes, retained on the denuder portion, but also less volatile four-ring PAHs, such as fluoranthene and pyrene, are retained by the denuder at the 80-90% range, which implies that they are present predominantly in the gas phase. In contrast, for engines under high loads, a much larger portion of three- and four-ring PAHs are partitioned to the particle phase. C1 Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Hill AFB, Ogden, UT 84056 USA. RP Zielinska, B (reprint author), Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM barbz@dri.edu OI Kelly, Kerry/0000-0002-2232-3092 NR 26 TC 134 Z9 145 U1 7 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2557 EP 2567 DI 10.1021/es030518d PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 817PR UT WOS:000221189900020 PM 15180051 ER PT J AU Sanford, GE Welsh, JS AF Sanford, GE Welsh, JS TI Eelv secondary payload adapter (ESPA) static qualification tests part 3 of 4 SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 CSA Engn Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sanford, GE (reprint author), CSA Engn Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 28 IS 3 BP 56 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2004.tb00166.x PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 823HX UT WOS:000221602500009 ER PT J AU Parsons, TW Filzen, TW AF Parsons, TW Filzen, TW TI Evaluation and staging of musculoskeletal neoplasia SO HAND CLINICS LA English DT Article AB Fortunately, musculoskeletal neoplasia rare and are not commonly encountered by the practicing orthopaedic surgeon [1]. The vast majority of radiographic lesions noted in the clinical setting are associated with prior trauma, an inflammatory or infectious condition, or less commonly, represent metastases from an underlying carcinoma. Often skeletal lesions are noted serendipitously and frequently include developmental conditions, such as osteochondroma. Benign lesions are fortunately far more common than malignant lesions, but the initial clinical presentation can be confusing. Table 1 lists the more common benign lesions of bone, with their associated malignant counterpart. Maintaining an index of suspicion for the presence of neoplasia is important, particularly when evaluating any patient with a soft tissue mass or a painful bone lesion [2]. Typically musculoskeletal tumors go undiagnosed because they are never considered in the differential diagnosis. Given that musculoskeletal lesions appear in virtually all age groups and in all parts of the body, consideration of an underlying neoplasm is important in patients presenting with a mass, unexplained pain, insufficiency fractures, or when the clinical history and the clinical presentation "don't quite add up." Careful attention to the patient's history, complaints, pain pattern, and physical examination should alert the clinician to the presence of a musculoskeletal neoplasm. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Parsons, TW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Hlth Educ Consortium, 2200 Berquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM theodore.parsons@lackland.af.mil NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-0712 J9 HAND CLIN JI Hand Clin. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 137 EP + DI 10.1016/j.hcl.2004.03.008 PG 10 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 834YP UT WOS:000222447100003 ER PT J AU Hicks, B Riggs, LH McDaniel, L Sanner, J AF Hicks, B Riggs, LH McDaniel, L Sanner, J TI Managing change through roadmapping SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Presently the USAF is operating with 90 different Model Design Series (MDS) aircraft. The 90 MDS aircraft make up a total of 5778 airframes, each with a different number of Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) which make up the avionics systems. Some of the MDSs have as few as 53 avionics LRUs while others as many as 495. The total dollar value of the USAF aircraft avionics LRUs is approximately $42AB and $30.68B in spares. (See Figure 1.) [1] Depot repairable cost to maintain these components each year is approximately $1.2B [2]. Each MDS is assigned specific missions and the avionics systems are developed to support those missions. Due to the evolution of mission types and user needs, change is constant for the avionics manager. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ISI, Aeronaut Enterprise Program Off, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hicks, B (reprint author), USAF, 2145 Monahan Way,Bldg 28, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 19 IS 5 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1109/MAES.2004.1301220 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 821SR UT WOS:000221483400003 ER PT J AU Spalek, O Censky, M Jirasek, V Kodymova, J Jakubec, I Hager, GD AF Spalek, O Censky, M Jirasek, V Kodymova, J Jakubec, I Hager, GD TI Chemical oxygen-iodine laser using a new method of atomic iodine generation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE atomic chlorine; atomic iodine; chemical oxygeniodine laser (COIL) ID RATE-CONSTANT; COIL; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE AB The chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) with a new chemical method of atomic iodine production was investigated. In this system, iodine atoms are formed in the COIL cavity by the fast chemical reaction of hydrogen iodide with chlorine atoms that are also produced chemically. It was found that, in the absence of singlet oxygen, the ground state atomic iodine can be produced with a high yield (80%-100%). In gas containing singlet oxygen, a gain on 3-4 electronic transition in iodine atom was achieved (0.35% cm(-1)). Both the concentration of atomic iodine and the gain depend substantially on the ratio of reacting gases and the penetration of secondary gases into the primary gas flow. In laser experiments, effects of the flow rate of reacting gases and their penetration on the laser output power were found. The output power of 310 W was attained at chlorine flow rate of 27 mmol(.)s(-1) corresponding to chemical efficiency of 12.7%. This was the first time the gain and laser output power Were achieved in the COIL with atomic iodine generated by the proposed method. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Inorgan Chem, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Spalek, O (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. EM spaleko@fzu.cz RI Jirasek, Vit/G-5574-2014; Censky, Miroslav/G-6412-2014; Jakubec, Ivo/G-6643-2014; Kodymova, Jarmila/H-3077-2014 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 40 IS 5 BP 564 EP 570 DI 10.1109/JQE.2004.826451 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 816DP UT WOS:000221090900017 ER PT J AU Dice, JP AF Dice, JP TI Physical urticaria SO IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID EXERCISE-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS; PASSIVE TRANSFER EXPERIMENTS; LOCALIZED HEAT URTICARIA; CHOLINERGIC URTICARIA; SOLAR URTICARIA; AQUAGENIC URTICARIA; VIBRATORY ANGIOEDEMA; FACTITIOUS URTICARIA; HISTAMINE-RELEASE; SYMPTOMATIC DERMOGRAPHISM AB Physical urticarias are a unique subgroup of chronic urticaria in which patients develop urticaria secondary to environmental stimuli. Common triggers include exercise, temperature changes, cold, heat, pressure, sunlight, vibration, and water. Systemic symptoms have occurred during severe episodes. Physical urticarias are responsible for approximately 20% to 30% of all cases of chronic urticaria. A basic knowledge of these unusual disorders is important for all healthcare providers. This article covers the following types of physical urticarias: dermatographism, cholinergic urticaria, local heat urticaria, exercise-induced anaphylaxis, vibratory angioedema, solar urticaria, and aquagenic urticaria. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dice, JP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM john.dice@lackland.af.mil NR 115 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 12 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0889-8561 J9 IMMUNOL ALLERGY CLIN JI Immunol. Allerg. Clin. North Am. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 225 EP + DI 10.1016/j.iac.2004.01.005 PG 23 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 992WX UT WOS:000233915800006 PM 15120149 ER PT J AU Silverman, J Rotman, SR Caefer, CE AF Silverman, J Rotman, SR Caefer, CE TI Segmentation of multi-dimensional infrared imagery from histograms SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; segmentation; histograms; principal components; entropy; Gaussian model ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM AB We present a technique for segmenting multi-dimensional data cubes based on multi-dimensional histograms. The histograms are formed from single gray-scale image reductions of the data cube such as principal component images. A segmentation is effected by associating each pixel with one of the peaks in the histogram. No spatial constraints are imposed and no training pixels are required. The following refinements to this simple process are described: proper weighting of the different principal components as a function of the peak shape; and automatic methods based on an entropy measure to generate a reasonable segmentation at a specified number of levels. Examples from both visible and infrared hyperspectral data will be shown. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. USAF, Res Lab, SNHI, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Silverman, J (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, 27-2 Wright Rd, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. EM jerry.silverman@hanscom.af.mil RI ROTMAN, STANLEY/F-1390-2012 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 45 IS 3 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2003.08.004 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 811PR UT WOS:000220784300005 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Lai, YC Nachman, A AF Liu, ZH Lai, YC Nachman, A TI Enhancement of detectability of noisy signals by stochastic resonance in arrays SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article DE stochastic resonance; noise reduction; nonlinear oscillators ID BISTABLE SYSTEMS; INTERNAL-NOISE; MODELS; DRIVEN; INFORMATION; OSCILLATORS; ENSEMBLES; MECHANISM; ELEMENTS AB We propose a scheme to detect signals immersed in strong, externally imposed, undesirable noise (jamming) by making use of the principle of stochastic resonance. The strategy is to construct an array of simple nonlinear oscillators and to apply independent, modulating noise to each oscillator. We show that the collective effect of all oscillators and the interplay between nonlinearity and different noise sources can enhance the detectability of the original signal. For proof of principle we focus on periodic signals mixed with in-band, Gaussian jamming. In particular, we show by both extensive numerical computations and physical arguments that measures of the detectability such as the signal-to-noise ratio can be increased in our scheme. We suggest how the scheme can be implemented in laboratory experiments. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Liu, ZH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM zhliu@chaos4.la.asu.edu; yclai@chaos1.la.asu.edu; arje.nachman@afosr.af.mil NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD MAY PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1655 EP 1670 DI 10.1142/S021812740401028X PG 16 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 839WI UT WOS:000222815200009 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE Tham, CL AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE Tham, CL TI Ultrafast thermoelasticity for short-pulse laser heating SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ultrashort laser heating; ultrafast thermoelasticity; generalized thermoelasticity; non-thermal equilibrium; stress wave ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION; THERMAL-STRESSES; METAL; WAVES; BOUNDARY; FILMS AB Thermoelastic stress waves in a solid medium caused by subpicosecond-pulse laser heating are investigated with three different approaches: ultrafast thermoelasticity, Lord-Shulman theory, and the classical thermoelasticity. Both the conditions of uniaxial strain and uniaxial stress are considered. A combined finite difference/finite element algorithm is developed for solving the coupled, nonlinear, transient differential equations. It is shown that the thermomechanical results obtained from the ultrafast thermoelasticity are significantly different from those obtained from Lord-Shulman theory and the classical thermoelasticity. The other finding is that in contrast to long pulse and continuous-wave laser heating, thermal stresses in a free-expansion medium induced by an ultrashort, uniform volumetric heat source could be pronounced. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 23 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8-9 BP 793 EP 807 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2003.11.001 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 819YR UT WOS:000221352900003 ER PT J AU George, TJ Seidt, J Shen, MHH Nicholas, T Cross, CJ AF George, TJ Seidt, J Shen, MHH Nicholas, T Cross, CJ TI Development of a novel vibration-based fatigue testing methodology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE biaxial; fatigue; testing; vibration ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; GOODMAN DIAGRAM; DESIGN AB A novel testing methodology has been developed to determine the fatigue limit strength of structural materials at high frequencies. The procedure involves the use of a base-excited plate specimen driven into a high frequency resonant mode which allows completion of a fatigue test in a few hours. The use of a step-testing method allows determination of the fatigue limit strength of the material corresponding to a very large number of cycles, 106 or 107 in this case. The methodology consists of a topological design procedure, incorporating a finite element model, to produce the shape of the specimen necessary to achieve the required stress state/pattern, and a forced vibration-based fatigue procedure for conducting the high cycle fatigue experiments with variable-amplitude loading. The successful application of the methodology is demonstrated by the experimental results from steel, 6061-T6 aluminum, and Ti-6Al-4V plate specimens subjected to fully reversed uniaxial and biaxial bending stress states. Results are compared with existing data produced using traditional fatigue test machines. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Aviat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, MHH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Aviat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM shen.1@osu.edu NR 21 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAY PY 2004 VL 26 IS 5 BP 477 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2003.10.012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 801OG UT WOS:000220104600004 ER PT J AU Chandran, KSR Miracle, DB AF Chandran, KSR Miracle, DB TI Titanium-boron alloys and composites: Processing, properties, and applications SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Utah, Dept Met Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chandran, KSR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Met Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAY PY 2004 VL 56 IS 5 BP 32 EP + DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0124-4 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 826GO UT WOS:000221817500008 ER PT J AU Tamirisakandala, S Bhat, RB Ravi, VA Miracle, DB AF Tamirisakandala, S Bhat, RB Ravi, VA Miracle, DB TI Powder metallurgy Ti-6Al-4V-xB alloys: Processing, microstructure, and properties SO JOM LA English DT Article AB This article describes processing of Ti-6Al-4V-xB alloys via pre-alloyed and blended elemental powder metallurgy techniques. The influence of processing on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the alloys produced by these two routes is summarized, and the thermo-mechanical response and optimization of processing parameters to produce defect-free engineering shapes in these alloys is also discussed. Potential applications and issues involved in the development of these materials for damage-critical components are highlighted. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMD, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Tamirisakandala, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMD, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sesh.tamirisa@fnnet.wpafbml.org NR 4 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAY PY 2004 VL 56 IS 5 BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0131-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 826GO UT WOS:000221817500015 ER PT J AU Reich, GW Raveh, DE Zink, PS AF Reich, GW Raveh, DE Zink, PS TI Application of active-aeroelastic-wing technology to a joined-wing sensorcraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC/SDM 43rd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL DENVER, CO SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB A study was conducted to investigate the applicability of active-aeroelastic-wing technology to a joined-wing sensorcraft configuration for the purpose of minimization of embedded antenna deformations. The study was performed using a half-span aeroelastic model of a joined-wing sensorcraft design with six control surfaces. These control surfaces were used concurrently to minimize the elastic deformations at structural nodes corresponding to the antenna tip, while trimming the aircraft to a required 1-g level flight, simultaneously satisfying constraints on the allowable hinge moments and maximum control surface deflections. Comparison of antenna displacements for the optimized and baseline cases (using one control surface at a time) demonstrates that the active-aeroelastic-wing concept can be used to significantly reduce the antenna displacements, potentially improving the performance of the embedded antenna system. Aeroelastic displacements from the trim-optimized system are an order-of-magnitude smaller than those of the baseline. These results demonstrate the feasibility of active-aeroelastic-wing technology for the improvement of embedded antenna performance caused by structural deformations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Reich, GW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Raveh, Daniella/D-9573-2011 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 594 EP 602 DI 10.2514/1.78 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 828OC UT WOS:000221981600019 ER PT J AU Osborn, RF Kota, S Hetrick, JA AF Osborn, RF Kota, S Hetrick, JA TI Active flow control using high-frequency compliant structures SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG 06-09, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID SEPARATION AB Flow control to avoid or delay boundary-layer separation on a wing can dramatically improve the performance of most air vehicles in strategic parts of their individual flight envelopes. Previous aerodynamic experiments and computations have indicated that unsteady excitation at the appropriate frequency can delay boundary-layer separation and wing stall more effectively than steady flow perturbations and that these unsteady perturbations, when generated in an optimum frequency range, maximize the extent of flow separation control for specific flight conditions. Preliminary aerodynamic experiments have been performed on a deflected trailing-edge flap to evaluate turbulent boundary layer separation control with a deployable high-frequency micro-vortex-generator (HiMVG) array. The HiMVG design tested incorporated emerging displacement amplification compliant structures technology that deployed micro-vortex-generator blades 5 mm, through a range of frequencies between 30 and 70 Hz, when driven by an appropriately sized voice-coil actuator. The mechanical HiMVG system tested produced an oscillatory stream of boundary-layer embedded vortices that proved effective in mitigating flow separation on the upper surface of a deflected flap when a similar array of static vortex generators could not. A second-generation HiMVG design driven by a piezoelectric actuator was also conceptualized. Candidate flow control applications for this second-generation design are discussed. C1 FlexSys Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48114 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Osborn, RF (reprint author), FlexSys Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48114 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 603 EP 609 DI 10.2514/1.111 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 828OC UT WOS:000221981600020 ER PT J AU Reynolds, DC Litton, CW Look, DC Hoelscher, JE Claflin, B Collins, TC Nause, J Nemeth, B AF Reynolds, DC Litton, CW Look, DC Hoelscher, JE Claflin, B Collins, TC Nause, J Nemeth, B TI High-quality, melt-grown ZnO single crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZNO/ZNMGO MULTIQUANTUM WELLS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; STIMULATED-EMISSION; THIN-FILMS; SUPERLATTICES; MGXZN1-XO; ALLOY AB High-quality, melt-grown ZnO crystals are reported. The reflection and emission spectra of the melt-grown samples are compared with the same spectra from high-quality, vapor-grown ZnO crystals. We isolate the reflection and emission spectra predominantly related to the intrinsic properties associated with the wurtzite structure of the crystals. The quality of the crystals is reflected in the spectral reproduction of the intrinsic properties of the crystals. Both the ground state and the n=2 state of the free excitons associated with the A, B, and C valence bands of the crystals are spectrally observed in reflection. Assuming a hydrogenic character for the free excitons, the binding energy of these excitons associated with all three valence bands was determined. For the intrinsic emission spectra, attention was focused on the A-band free excitons and related optical parameters. Both the reflection and emission spectra for the melt-grown material compared very closely with the same spectra observed from high-quality vapor-grown ZnO samples. The details of both the reflection and emission spectra verify the high-quality of the melt-grown material. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Cermet Inc, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. RP Litton, CW (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cole.litton@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 9 BP 4802 EP 4805 DI 10.1063/1.1691186 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 812YS UT WOS:000220875400041 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Geiss, KT Frazier, JM AF Trohalaki, S Pachter, R Geiss, KT Frazier, JM TI Halogenated aliphatic toxicity QSARs employing metabolite descriptors SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PREDICTIVE TOXICOLOGY; HYDROCARBONS; SOLVENTS; MODELS; QSPR AB The toxic effects from exposure to halogenated hydrocarbons (HAs), which are produced in large amounts and used in a variety of applications, are well-known. Previously, QSARs for the toxicity of a series of HAs in vitro have been studied extensively. In this work, using a composite toxicity metric calculated from a set of five in vitro hepatotoxicity endpoints determined for 20 HAs, we find that QSARs derived using quantum descriptors calculated from the neutral HA species are statistically similar to QSARs calculated from HA metabolites. In most cases, QSARs derived using descriptors calculated from both neutral HAs and metabolites are statistically superior to those derived using either neutral-HA descriptors or metabolite descriptors. However, to properly utilize metabolite descriptors, multiple QSARs, each of which utilizes a set of HAs that form unique metabolites, must be derived and toxicity values calculated therefrom must be averaged. These average toxicity values agree better with experiment than those calculated from the neutral-HA QSARs. C1 AFRL MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trohalaki, S (reprint author), AFRL MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Bldg 651,3005 Hobson Way,Suite 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1186 EP 1192 DI 10.1021/ci0342627 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 823JQ UT WOS:000221608000046 PM 15154788 ER PT J AU Fleming, JL Wood, AW Wood, WD AF Fleming, JL Wood, AW Wood, WD TI Locally corrected Nystrom method for EM scattering by bodies of revolution SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Nystrom method; integral equations; body of revolution; convergence; electromagnetic scattering ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; CONDUCTING BODIES; QUADRATURE-RULES; COMPUTATION; POTENTIALS; RADIATION; ALGORITHM; EQUATION; FIELD AB The Nystrom method allows for high order solutions to integral equations. Modifying the Nystrom method with local corrections for singular integrands allows the method to be applied to the inherently singular kernels of frequency-domain electromagnetic integral equations. Here the efficiency and high order convergence properties of the Nystrom method are brought together with the body of revolution (BOR) geometry to create an efficient approach to solving this important class of problems. In this paper we summarize the locally corrected Nystrom method and the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) for a BOR scatterer. Results are presented that demonstrate high order convergence and excellent agreement with reference data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, AFIT ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wood, WD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM John.Fleming@afit.edu; Aihua.Wood@afit.edu; William.Wood@afit.edu NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 196 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.10.029 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 816EJ UT WOS:000221092900003 ER PT J AU Hardin, EE Leong, FTL Bhagwat, AA AF Hardin, EE Leong, FTL Bhagwat, AA TI Factor structure of the self-construal scale revisited - Implications for the multidimensionality of self-construal SO JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Convention of the Asian-American-Psychological-Association CY AUG 03, 2000 CL Washington, DC SP Asian Amer Psycholog Assoc DE self-construal; Self-Construal Scale (SCS); measurement; factor analysis; multidimensional nature of self-construal ID GENDER-DIFFERENCES; CULTURES; INDIVIDUALISM; ESTEEM; MODELS; CROSS; EMBARRASSABILITY; COLLECTIVISM; BEHAVIOR; IDENTITY AB The Self-Construal Scale (SCS) is an important measure of self-construal. However, new data are needed on the structure of the SCS using more appropriate statistical techniques and investigating the existence of multiple (i.e., more than two) factors. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of data front two groups of European American and Asian/Asian American college students reveal six factors underlying items on the SCS that seem to represent four specific aspects of Independence and two specific aspects of Interdependence. Results also provide initial support for the relative usefulness of these new factors in exploring between-groups differences. Implications for the conceptualization of self-construal and future research are discussed. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Psychol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Hardin, EE (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Psychol, POB 42051, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI Hardin, Erin/H-7507-2013; OI Hardin, Erin/0000-0003-4058-1068 NR 42 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 19 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0022-0221 J9 J CROSS CULT PSYCHOL JI J. Cross-Cult. Psychol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 327 EP 345 DI 10.1177/0022022104264125 PG 19 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 812QI UT WOS:000220853600005 ER PT J AU Swartz, CH Tompkins, RP Myers, TH Look, DC Sizelove, JR AF Swartz, CH Tompkins, RP Myers, TH Look, DC Sizelove, JR TI Characterization of multiple carriers in GaN using variable magnetic-field Hall measurements SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Electronic Materials Conference CY 2003 CL Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT HO Univ Utah DE hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (HVPE); GaN; variable magnetic-field Hall measurements; quantitative mobility-spectrum analysis (QMSA) ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DEEP CENTERS; MOBILITY; LAYER; FILMS AB Variable magnetic-field Hall-effect measurements were performed on two thick GaN samples grown by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (HVPE), one freestanding and one attached to the sapphire substrate. Results are compared to those obtained using the more standard, single magnetic-field Hall measurements. In both samples, a second low-mobility electron was indicated that significantly influenced interpretation of single-field Hall measurements, particularly at low temperatures. Extraction of the bulk carrier using fits to the variable-field Hall data allowed a more accurate determination of the temperature dependence of the bulk electrical properties and, hence, basic physical parameters. In addition, the quantitative mobility-spectrum analysis (QMSA) technique, reported here for the first time on GaN, indicated a continuous and significant spread in mobility for the bulk electron, likely with sample thickness. Thus, even the "improved" results, based on modeling the multiple-carrier fitting (MCF) analysis, obtained in this study should be viewed with some suspicion, as they clearly represent an average over an electrically inhomogeneous sample. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Swartz, CH (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM thomas.myers@mail.wvu.edu RI Myers, Thomas/C-3769-2013 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5 BP 412 EP 417 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0193-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 818MQ UT WOS:000221249600007 ER PT J AU Kolkebeck, T Abbrescia, K Pfaff, J Glynn, T Ward, JA AF Kolkebeck, T Abbrescia, K Pfaff, J Glynn, T Ward, JA TI Calcium chloride before IV diltiazem in the management of atrial fibrillation SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE atrial fibrillation; atrial flutter; diltiazem; pre-treatment; calcium ID VERAPAMIL-INDUCED HYPOTENSION; LEFT-VENTRICULAR FUNCTION; INTRAVENOUS DILTIAZEM; FLUTTER; INFUSION; NIFEDIPINE; REVERSAL; EFFICACY; DIGOXIN; SAFETY AB Diltiazem is commonly used to treat atrial fibrillation or flutter (AFF) with rapid ventricular response (RVR). Although it is very effective for rate control, up to an 18% prevalence of reported diltiazem-induced hypotension [defined by systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mm Hg], and a mean of 9.7% hypotension have been reported from several studies totaling over 450 patients. This hypotension may complicate therapy. Our objective was to determine if calcium chloride (CaCl2) pre-treatment would blunt a SBP drop after i.v. diltiazem, while allowing diltiazem to maintain its efficacy. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Seventy-eight patients with AFF and a ventricular rate of &GE; 120 beats per minute were enrolled. Half received i.v. CaCl2 pre-treatment; the other half received placebo. All patients then received i.v. diltiazem in a standard, weight-based dose. A second dose of CaCl2 pre-treatment or placebo and diltiazem was given if clinically indicated for additional rate control. Both CaCl2 and placebo pre-treatment groups had equal lowering of heart rate (p < 0.001). There were no adverse events in the calcium pre-treatment study arm. One patient in the placebo group became paradoxically more tachycardic and apneic after the diltiazem infusion. Although i.v. CaCl2 seems to be equally safe compared to placebo as a pre-treatment in the management of AFF with RVR, we were unable to find a statistically significant blunting of SBP drop with CaCl2 i.v. pre-treatment. Until further research determines a benefit exists, we cannot recommend i.v. CaCl2 pre-treatment before diltiazem in the treatment of AFF with RVR. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 959th Surg Operat Squadron, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Kolkebeck, T (reprint author), 19611 Encino Knoll, San Antonio, TX 78259 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 395 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2003.12.020 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 813XC UT WOS:000220938800002 PM 15093843 ER PT J AU Lewis, JA Shiroma, CY Von Guenthner, K Dunn, KN AF Lewis, JA Shiroma, CY Von Guenthner, K Dunn, KN TI Recovery and identification of the victims of the Ehime Maru/USS Greeneville collision at sea SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic odontology; forensic pathology; dental identification; Ehime Maru; remotely operated vehicle ID TEETH AB This paper describes the recovery and identification of crew members lost during I collision at sea. On 9 February 2001. South of Honolulu. Hawaii. the Japanese fishing training boat, Ehime Maru was Struck by the USS Greeneville (SSN 772), a Los Angeles-class fast attack submarine. Witnesses estimate that the vessel sank within 5-10 min after the collision. Nine of the 35 crew members remained unaccounted for after rescue procedures were completed. The U.S. Navy attempted the unprecedented procedure of moving the boat front a depth of 610 in (2000 ft) into shallower waters so that the missing could be located and recovered. Eight of the nine crew members were recovered and identified by their dental records. C1 Joint POW MIA Accounting Command JPAC, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. City & Cty Honolulu Dept Med Examiner, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Lewis, JA (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command JPAC, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3 BP 539 EP 542 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 819XX UT WOS:000221350700020 PM 15171173 ER PT J AU Davidson, JS Porter, JR Dinan, RJ Hammons, MI Connell, JD AF Davidson, JS Porter, JR Dinan, RJ Hammons, MI Connell, JD TI Explosive testing of polymer retrofit masonry walls SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Article DE polymers; walls; masonry; explosives; terrorism; tests AB The most widely used terrorist tactic is the improvised explosive device, which can range in size from hand-held to truck-size. Most casualties and injuries sustained in such an attack are not caused by the blast itself, but rather by the disintegration and fragmentation of walls, the shattering of Windows, and by nonsecured objects propelled at high velocities by the blast. Since 1995, the Air Force Research Laboratory at Tyndall Air Force Base has investigated methods of retrofitting wall structures to better resist blast loads from external explosions. This paper summarizes results from recent tests that involve an innovative use of a sprayed-on polymer to increase blast resistance of unreinforced concrete masonry walls. Test methodology, retrofit materials considered, material properties, mechanisms of effectiveness, and research challenges are discussed. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Davidson, JS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 2 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2004)18:2(100) PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 814EU UT WOS:000220958800007 ER PT J AU Manning, ML Chokani, N AF Manning, ML Chokani, N TI Computational evaluation of quiet tunnel hypersonic boundary-layer stability experiments SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT VOLTAGE ANEMOMETER; TRANSITION; FLOW AB A computational assessment of two stability experiments conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center Nozzle Test Chamber equipped with the axisymmetric Mach 6 quiet nozzle is conducted. Navier-Stokes analysis of the mean flow and linear stability theory analysis of boundary-layer disturbances are performed. The computations show that adverse pressure gradient and; wall cooling decrease the boundary-layer thickness and increase the frequency and amplification rate of the unstable second-mode disturbances; these findings are consistent with the experimental observations. The calculated surface pressure, wall temperature, and boundry-layer thickness distributions show very good overall agreement with experimental measurements. Comparisons between boundary-layer profiles derived from the calibrated hot-wire data and the mean flow computations show excellent agreement in the early stages of the transitional flow. However, examination of the wire Reynolds number and mass flux and total temperature eigenfunction profiles suggest that the mixed-mode sensitivity of the hot wire is complex. Thus, whereas uncalibrated hot-wire measurements are useful to characterize the qualitative features of the flow, calibrated hot-wire measurements are essential for quantitative comparison with stability theory. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Manning, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBXT, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 406 EP 415 DI 10.2514/1.10698 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 830DM UT WOS:000222101800017 ER PT J AU Patel, MP Tilmann, CP Ng, TT AF Patel, MP Tilmann, CP Ng, TT TI Closed-loop missile yaw control via manipulation of forebody flow asymmetries SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID HIGH ANGLES; ATTACK; SLENDER; LOADS AB A high-alpha, closed-loop flow-control system for missile yaw stabilization and enhanced maneuverability was designed, developed, and successfully demonstrated in a series of open- and closed-loop experiments on a fin-less 3:1 caliber tangent ogive missile model. The active flow-control-based yaw control system consisted of eight fast-response pressure sensors and eight deployable flow effectors arranged in concentric rings on the missile nose cone. The devices were integrated with a closed-loop controller that modulated the effectors to manipulate flow asymmetry around the missile forebody. Side forces caused by crossflow separation and forebody flow asymmetries were observed on the missile model between 40 and 60 deg alpha. Parametric studies showed that actuating flow effectors in certain configurations resulted in cancellation of large side forces associated with the natural flow asymmetry under both steady and unsteady flow conditions. Exploratory studies conducted on optimized flow effector configurations resulted in control maps with wide spectrum of positive and negative side forces for yaw modulation. Dynamic experiments successfully demonstrated the ability of the closed-loop control system to generate and maintain a range of desired yawing moments during high-alpha pitch sweeps. C1 Orbital Res Inc, Aerodynam Grp, Cleveland, OH 44143 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Patel, MP (reprint author), Orbital Res Inc, Aerodynam Grp, Cleveland, OH 44143 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 436 EP 443 DI 10.2514/1.10701 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 830DM UT WOS:000222101800020 ER PT J AU Boyan, BD Jennings, EG Wang, L Schwartz, Z AF Boyan, BD Jennings, EG Wang, L Schwartz, Z TI Mechanisms regulating differential activation of membrane-mediated signaling by 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 and 24R,25(OH)(2)D-3 SO JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3; 24R,25(OH)(2)D-3; phospholipase A(2); phospholipase A(2) activating protein (PLAP); protein kinase C (PKC); phospholipase C (PLC); chondrocytes ID VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; GROWTH-PLATE CHONDROCYTES; CARTILAGE CELLS-INVITRO; ARACHIDONIC-ACID TURNOVER; RESTING ZONE; PHOSPHOLIPASE A(2); MAP KINASE; RECEPTOR; MATURATION AB Vitamin D metabolites 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 and 24R,25(OH)(2)D-3 regulate endochondral ossification in a cell maturation-dependent manner via membrane-mediated mechanisms. 24R,25(OH)(2)D-3 stimulates PKC activity in chondrocytes from the growth plate resting zone, whereas 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 stimulates PKC in growth zone chondrocytes. We used the rat costochondral growth plate cartilage cell model to study how these responses are differentially regulated. 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 acts on PKC, MAP kinase, and downstream physiological responses via phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC-beta; 24R,25(OH)(2)D-3 acts via PLD. In both cases, diacylglycerol (DAG) is increased, activating PKC. Both cell types possess membrane and nuclear receptors for 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3, but the mechanims that render the 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 pathway silent in resting zone cells or the 24R,25(OH)(2)D-3 pathway silent in growth zone cells are unclear. PLA(2) is pivotal in this process. 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D-3 stimulates PLA(2) activity in growth zone cells and 24R,25(OH)(2)D-3 inhibits PLA(2) activity in resting zone cells. Both processes result in PKC activation. To understand how negative regulation of PLA(2) results in increased PKC activity in resting zone cells, we used PLA(2) activating peptide to stimulate PLA(2) activity and examined cell response. PLAP is not expressed in resting zone cells in vivo, supporting the hypothesis that PLA(2) activation is inhibitory to 24R,25(OH)(2)D-3 action in these cells. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Wallace H Coulter Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Fac Dent Med, Dept Periodont, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Boyan, BD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Wallace H Coulter Dept Biomed Engn, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM barbara.boyan@bme.gatech.edu FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-05937] NR 28 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0760 J9 J STEROID BIOCHEM JI J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 89-90 IS 1-5 SI SI BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.027 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 840IS UT WOS:000222852500055 PM 15225791 ER PT J AU McFarland, MJ Nelson, TM Palmer, GR AF McFarland, MJ Nelson, TM Palmer, GR TI Development of a hazardous air pollutants monitoring program using the data quality objectives process SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB To effectively reduce the environmental compliance costs associated with meeting hazardous air pollutant emission requirements, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Data Quality Objective (DQO) process has been proposed as a suitable framework for establishing a defensible monitoring program. Through the use of a hazardous materials pilot study, the variability in the composite vapor pressure for regulated handwipe cleaning solvents was established. These results served as inputs to the DQO process, which identified that for facility decision-makers to claim with a 99% confidence level that the facility is in compliance with the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP), a minimum of 12 handwipe cleaning solvent compliance samples (taken at random every 6 months) must have a composite vapor pressure equal to or below the regulatory limit of 45 mmHg at 20 degreesC. Implementation of the DQO-based compliance-sampling plan eliminates the need for an affected facility to sample all regulated handwipe cleaning solvents while still maintaining a reasonably high level of confidence in the compliance status of its regulated sources. The approach described for designing a defensible compliance sampling plan can be extended to other aspects of the aerospace NESHAP rule, including compliance sampling for surface coating, chemical depainting, and hazardous waste disposal. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, River Heights, UT 84321 USA. USAF, Environm Management Directorate, Ogden, UT USA. RP McFarland, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 130 South 1000 East, River Heights, UT 84321 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 54 IS 5 BP 614 EP 622 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 818HH UT WOS:000221235700009 PM 15149048 ER PT J AU Cinibulk, MK Keller, KA Mah, TI AF Cinibulk, MK Keller, KA Mah, TI TI Effect of yttrium aluminum garnet additions on alumina-fiber-reinforced porous-alumina-matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; OXIDE CERAMIC COMPOSITE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; CREEP RESISTANCE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ALPHA-ALUMINA; COATINGS; TENSILE; LANTHANUM AB The effects of incorporating yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) into a porous alumina matrix reinforced with Nextel 610 alumina fibers were investigated. Composites with various amounts of YAG added to the matrix were prepared to determine its effect on retained tensile strengths after heating to 1100degrees and 1200degreesC. Strengths of YAG-containing composites were slightly lower than those of an all-alumina-matrix composite after heating for 5 111 to 1100degreesC. However, after heating for 5 or 100 h at 1200degreesC, all the YAG-containing composites displayed greater strengths and greater strains to failure than the all-alumina composite. At the higher temperature, the presence of YAG is believed to inhibit the densification of the matrix, which helps to maintain higher levels of porosity and weaker interparticle bonding that allows for crack-energy dissipation within the matrix. A reduction in grain growth of the fibers by the presence of segregated Y was also observed, which may also contribute to higher fiber strength, thereby increasing the retained strengths of the YAG-containing composites. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cinibulk, MK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 87 IS 5 BP 881 EP 887 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 826DA UT WOS:000221808100019 ER PT J AU Cespedes, RD AF Cespedes, RD TI Bulbourethral composite suspension: A new operative technique for post-prostatectomy incontinence - Comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 171 IS 5 BP 1869 EP 1870 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 812XS UT WOS:000220872800026 ER PT J AU Weyburne, DW Paduano, OS AF Weyburne, DW Paduano, OS TI High vacuum end cap design for use with quartz tubes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Canadian Semiconductor Technology Conference (CSTC) CY AUG 18-22, 2003 CL Ottawa, CANADA C1 USAF, Rome Lab, SNHX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Weyburne, DW (reprint author), USAF, Rome Lab, SNHX, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM david.weyburne@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 734 EP 734 DI 10.1116/1.1697486 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 829ZQ UT WOS:000222091800041 ER PT J AU Krishnaswami, K Vangala, SR Zhu, B Goodhue, WD Allen, LP Santeufemio, C Liu, X Ospina, MC Whitten, J Sung, C Dauplaise, H Bliss, D Dallas, G Bakken, D Jones, KS AF Krishnaswami, K Vangala, SR Zhu, B Goodhue, WD Allen, LP Santeufemio, C Liu, X Ospina, MC Whitten, J Sung, C Dauplaise, H Bliss, D Dallas, G Bakken, D Jones, KS TI Epitaxial growth on gas cluster ion-beam processed GaSb substrates using molecular-beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Meeting of the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2003) CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2003 CL Keystone, CO ID GASB(100) SURFACES AB Chemical mechanical polished (CMP) (100) GaSb substrates were processed using gas cluster ion beams (GCIB) to improve surface smoothness, reduce subsurface damage, and produce a thermally desorbable oxide layer for molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) overgrowth. In this article, we report the growth of GaSb/AlGaSb epilayers on GCIB processed GaSb substrates. The substrates were processed using either O-2 or CF4/O-2 as the gas cluster in a dual-energy recipe that included a moderate energy (10 keV) etch step followed by a low-energy (3 keV) smoothing step, with a relatively low total dose of 4 x 10(15) ions/cm(2). Half of each wafer was masked such that the epitaxial layers were grown on both CMP and GCIB polished surfaces. Atomic force microscopy showed the elimination of CMP surface scratches on the GCIB processed surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the surface oxide composition and thickness can be engineered through the GCIB process recipes. AlGaSb marker layers were used to chart the evolution of the overgrown layers. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images of the substrate/epi-interface show that the CMP finished regions contained defects that propagated into the epilayers as compared to the GCIB finished region that showed no penetrating defects, indicating an improved substrate/epi-interface. This work demonstrated that GCIB processing of semiconductor materials has the potential to produce "epiready" surfaces. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Epion Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Studies, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Galaxy Compound Semicond, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Goodhue, WD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Photon Ctr, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM william_goodhue@uml.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1455 EP 1459 DI 10.1116/1.1714917 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 835KI UT WOS:000222481400114 ER PT J AU Zhong, M Steinshnider, J Weimer, M Kaspi, R AF Zhong, M Steinshnider, J Weimer, M Kaspi, R TI Combined x-ray diffraction/scanning tunneling microscopy study of segregation and interfacial bonding in type-II heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Meeting of the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2003) CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2003 CL Keystone, CO ID LASER AB Appropriate control over the type-II band alignment between InAs and GaSb is important for a number of applications, including the further development of midinfrared (IR) semiconductor lasers and long-wavelength photodetectors. Accurate tailoring of interface structure and composition in such heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy is nevertheless problematic for several reasons. Special challenges are posed by antimony segregation at the arsenide-on-antimonide interface, indium segregation at the antimonide-on-arsenide interface, and by the desire to selectively control the purity and types of interface bonds at either heterojunction. Here, we briefly review how cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy may be used to examine antimony and indium segregation with atomic-scale precision in type-II quantum wells, and then explain how such measurements suggest a unique structural interpretation for the residual strain exhibited by typical mid-IR semiconductor laser active regions in x-ray diffraction. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Weimer, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM weimer@tamu.edu RI yu, yan/C-2322-2012 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1593 EP 1597 DI 10.1116/1.1699341 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 835KI UT WOS:000222481400147 ER PT J AU Mahalingam, K Wheeler, R Taferner, WT Eyink, KG Fenstermaker, ST Solomon, JS AF Mahalingam, K Wheeler, R Taferner, WT Eyink, KG Fenstermaker, ST Solomon, JS TI Compositional analysis of graded AlxGa(1-x)As layers by x-ray energy dispersive spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Meeting of the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2003) CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2003 CL Keystone, CO ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS AB In this study We employ the x-ray energy dispersive spectrometry technique to characterize AlxGa((1-x))As layers with sinusoidal grading in the Al content, using a field emission gun transmission electron microscope. The Al/Ga composition profiles were determined based on the Cliff-Lorimer (CL) equations, assuming the thin-foil criterion. The sensitivity factors in the CL equations (k(Al-As), k(Ga-As), and k(Al-Ga)) required for calculating,the composition profiles were determined from precalibrated AlxGa(1-x)As layers. An alternate procedure, wherein the Ga composition is calculated using only k(Ga-As) determined from GaAs, was also investigated. The results from this approach were in good agreement with those obtained based on sensitivity factors determined from the precalibration layers. The measured As profile indicates that the composition of AlxGa(1-x)As can be measured to an accuracy of similar to+/-0.02 in x. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mahalingam, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM krishnamurthy.mahalingam@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1598 EP 1601 DI 10.1116/1.1740767 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 835KI UT WOS:000222481400148 ER PT J AU Wirth, LJ Carter, MR Janne, PA Johnson, BE AF Wirth, LJ Carter, MR Janne, PA Johnson, BE TI Outcome of patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumors receiving chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy SO LUNG CANCER LA English DT Article DE carcinoid tumor; neuroendocrine carcinoma; lung neoplasms; chemotherapy; radiotherapy ID CELL LUNG-CANCER; SOUTHWEST-ONCOLOGY-GROUP; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS; PHASE-III; ETOPOSIDE; CISPLATIN; SURVIVAL; CLASSIFICATION; COMBINATION; MULTICENTER AB Study objectives: To determine the outcome of patients with pulmonary typical and atypical carcinoid tumors treated with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Methods: Patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors treated at our institution from 1990 to 2001 were identified. The medical records of patients with diagnoses of typical or atypical pulmonary carcinoids were reviewed for the presence of evaluable disease, treatment with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, response to these treatments, survival and cause of death. Results: Eighteen patients with typical (n = 8) or atypical (n = 10) pulmonary carcinoid tumors who were treated with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy were identified. Of these, four received chemotherapy plus chest radiotherapy. Three of these had stable disease and one had a partial response. One of the patients with stable disease to chemoradiotherapy subsequently received chemotherapy atone, to which he had a complete response. Fourteen additional patients were treated with 18 chemotherapy regimens. There were two partial, responses, eight stable disease, seven progressive disease and one allergic reaction precluding further treatment. The overall response rate to any chemotherapy was 3/15 (20%, 95% Cl 0.07-0.45), and the best overall response rate to chemotherapy with or without chest radiotherapy was 4/18 (22%, 95% Cl 0.09-0.45). Median overall survival was 20 months (95% Cl 0-51 months). Conclusions: Patients with typical and atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumors can respond to chemotherapy with or without chest radiotherapy, though with response rates that appear less than those of small cell lung cancers. Further characterization of pulmonary carcinoid tumors and study of treatment alternatives for unresectabte disease is warranted. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland Air Force Base, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Wirth, LJ (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM lwirth@partners.org NR 35 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0169-5002 J9 LUNG CANCER-J IASLC JI Lung Cancer PD MAY PY 2004 VL 44 IS 2 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.lungcan.2003.11.016 PG 8 WC Oncology; Respiratory System SC Oncology; Respiratory System GA 817CW UT WOS:000221156600009 PM 15084386 ER PT J AU He, P Wilson, G Russell, C AF He, P Wilson, G Russell, C TI Removal of ocular artifacts from electro-encephalogram by adaptive filtering SO MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE adaptive filtering; EEG; EOG; artifact removal ID EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS; MENTAL WORKLOAD; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES; EYE ACTIVITY; EEG; FLIGHT AB The electro-encephalogram (EEG) is useful for clinical diagnosis and in biomedical research. EEG signals, however, especially those recorded from frontal channels, often contain strong electro-oculogram (EOG) artifacts produced by eye movements. Existing regression-based Methods for removing EOG artifacts require various procedures for preprocessing and calibration that are inconvenient and time-consuming. The paper describes a method for removing ocular artifacts based on adaptive filtering. The method uses separately recorded vertical EOG and horizontal EOG signals as two reference inputs. Each reference input is first processed by a finite impulse response filter of length M (M=3 in this application) and then subtracted from the original EEG. The method is implemented by a recursive least-squares algorithm that includes a forgetting factor (lambda = 0.9999 in this application) to track the non-stationary portion of the EOG signals. Results from experimental data demonstrate that the method is easy to implement and stable, converges fast and is suitable for on-line removal of EOG artifacts. The first three coefficients (up to M = 3) were significantly larger than any remaining coefficients. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH USA. RP He, P (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM phe@cs.wright.edu NR 16 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0140-0118 J9 MED BIOL ENG COMPUT JI Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 407 EP 412 DI 10.1007/BF02344717 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics GA 829EN UT WOS:000222028000018 PM 15191087 ER PT J AU Ruff, GA Bradshaw, D AF Ruff, GA Bradshaw, D TI Untitled SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ruff, GA (reprint author), USAF, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 5 BP IV EP IV PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IU UT WOS:000235829600001 PM 15185993 ER PT J AU Cieslak, TJ Pavlin, JA Noah, DL Dire, DJ Stanek, SA Kortepeter, MG Jarrett, DG Pastel, RH Darling, RG Jacocks, JM Hurst, CG Richards, BA Eitzen, EM AF Cieslak, TJ Pavlin, JA Noah, DL Dire, DJ Stanek, SA Kortepeter, MG Jarrett, DG Pastel, RH Darling, RG Jacocks, JM Hurst, CG Richards, BA Eitzen, EM TI Military medical education: Nuclear, biological, and chemical medical defense training as a model for planners SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STUDENTS C1 San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Bolling AFB, Off AF Surg Gen, Washington, DC USA. USA, Med Grp 5, Birmingham, AL USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Gaithersburg, MD USA. US Dept HHS, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Cieslak, TJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Ted.Cieslak@amedd.army.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 5 BP 337 EP 341 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IU UT WOS:000235829600003 PM 15185995 ER PT J AU Dunn, WJ AF Dunn, WJ TI Dental emergency rates at an expeditionary medical support facility supporting operation enduring freedom SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BOSNIA AB The purpose of this study was to report the dental emergency rate and the distribution of cause of dental emergencies at an Expeditionary Medical Support +25 medical facility during a 6-month deployment in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. A retrospective cohort analysis of 1,972 soldiers stationed at Seeb Air Base, Sultanate of Oman, was accomplished from a phased deployment from March to September 2002. Procedures were divided into 11 categories: endodontic, extraction of teeth other than third molars, extraction of third molar teeth, restoration of teeth (caries), restoration of broken teeth (not caries), orthodontic bracket/wire problem, sensitive teeth, temperomandibular pain, periodontal, oral pathology, and prosthodontic. One hundred thirty-five dental emergency visits were recorded, corresponding to a rate of 137 dental emergencies per 1,000 soldiers per year. Most of the emergencies (34.8%) were due to caries. Pain from third molars was the second most common reason for visiting the dental clinic (19.3%). RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), 59 DS-MRDG,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 5 BP 349 EP 353 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IU UT WOS:000235829600005 PM 15185997 ER PT J AU Gan, FY Wettlaufer, JR Lundell, AL AF Gan, FY Wettlaufer, JR Lundell, AL TI Breast imaging in a military setting: A comparison with civilian breast imaging SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ATYPICAL DUCTAL HYPERPLASIA; VACUUM-ASSISTED BIOPSY; CORE-NEEDLE-BIOPSY; CARCINOMA IN-SITU; COST SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; STEREOTAXIC CORE; RADIAL SCARS; HISTOLOGIC UNDERESTIMATION; SURGICAL CORRELATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB A retrospective study was performed to evaluate breast imaging in the Wilford Hall Medical Center, the largest medical facility in the U.S. Air Force, from the time period of October 1997 to October 2000, in comparison with its civilian counterparts. The results demonstrate that although Wilford Hall Medical Center breast imaging is faced with unique difficulties in having a relatively mobile patient and physician population, military breast imaging corresponds with civilian breast imaging in the following aspects: screening the eligible population according to age and risk factors, cancer and precancerous abnormality detection rate, and biopsy techniques, including stereotactic-guided vacuum-assisted, automated gun biopsy, ultrasound-guided biopsy, and needle localization-assisted excision biopsy. Positive predictive value based on biopsy recommendations are lower than in civilian practice, likely because military radiologists are keenly aware of the mobile status of their population and are more aggressive in recommending biopsy for a definitive diagnosis rather than mammographic follow up. In our practice, cancer diagnosed at stage 0 or 1 is 85%, 4.3% of patients have positive lymph nodes, the overall cancer detection rate per 1,000 population is 3.97, the recall rate is 8.8%, sensitivity is 100%, and specificity is 98.1%. All of these aspects are comparable with those of civilian practice. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Gan, FY (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,59th Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 5 BP 361 EP 367 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IU UT WOS:000235829600008 PM 15186000 ER PT J AU Sherman, PM Sanders, TG De Lone, DR AF Sherman, PM Sanders, TG De Lone, DR TI A benign soft tissue mass simulating a glenoid labral cyst on unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE ENTRAPMENT; GANGLION; TUMORS AB A 72-year-old Caucasian man initially presented with a vibratory sensation progressing to pain in his left scapular region. After failed conservative therapy, a left shoulder unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging study was performed. Initial interpretation suggested a glenoid labral tear with an associated paralabral cyst. Further review of the images identified heterogeneous increased T2-weighted signal intensity, which led to repeat MR imaging with intravenous contrast and the diagnosis of a solid tumor in the suprascapular notch. The MR appearance of the mass is illustrated and the usefulness of intravenous contrast administration in differentiating between a solid and cystic mass on MR imaging is discussed. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Sherman, PM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 759 MDTS-MTRD,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 5 BP 376 EP 378 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IU UT WOS:000235829600011 PM 15186003 ER PT J AU Baker, ES Gidden, J Anderson, SE Haddad, TS Bowers, MT AF Baker, ES Gidden, J Anderson, SE Haddad, TS Bowers, MT TI Isomeric structural characterization of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) with styryl and epoxy phenyl capping agents SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; GAS-PHASE CONFORMATIONS; POLYSTYRENE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLAMMABILITY; COPOLYMERS; ENERGETICS; CHEMISTRY; HYBRIDS AB Ion mobility and molecular modeling methods were used to examine the gas-phase structures of sodiated POSS capped with styryl and epoxy phenyl substituents (Na(+)Sty(x)Ep(8-x)T(8)). Results were obtained for x = 5-7 and indicated that three distinct isomers with different collision cross-sections were present for each value of x. Theoretical modeling also yielded three different families of structures for each POSS system, and their calculated cross-sections agreed very well with experimental values (<1% difference). For Na(+)Sty(7)EpT(8,), the three families differ in the number of "paired" Sty groups. For Na(+)Sty(6)Ep(2)T(8) and Na(+)Sty(5)Ep(3)T(8), the three isomers correspond to the three different ways the Ep groups can be positioned on the POSS cage. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Westmont Coll, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93108 USA. USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Bowers, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bowers@chem.ucsb.edu RI Anderson, Stanley/J-8812-2013 NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5 BP 779 EP 785 DI 10.1021/nl049957g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 820SQ UT WOS:000221410000004 ER PT J AU Berenson, AB Breitkopf, CR Grady, JJ Rickert, VI Thomas, A AF Berenson, AB Breitkopf, CR Grady, JJ Rickert, VI Thomas, A TI Effects of hormonal contraception on bone mineral density after 24 months of use SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; LONG-TERM USERS; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; WOMEN; SMOKING; PREMENOPAUSAL; PREGNANCY; ESTROGEN; THERAPY; COHORT AB OBJECTIVE: To measure the effect of 24 months of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use on bone mineral density compared with oral contraception (pills) and nonhormonal contraception. METHODS: Women aged 18-33 years self-selected oral contraception, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, or nonhormonal contraception (controls). Those selecting pills were randomized to formulations containing either 35 mug ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone or 30 mug ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel. Controls were frequency matched on age and race/ethnicity to hormonal contraception users. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) was performed at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Percent change in bone mineral density was analyzed by using analysis of covariance, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, weight-bearing exercise, calcium intake, smoking status, and body mass index. RESULTS: Of the 191 women making up the final sample, 86 used pills, 47 used depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, and 58 used nonhormonal contraception. Women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for 24 months experienced, on average, a 5.7% loss in bone mineral density, with a 3.2% loss occurring between months 12 and 24. On average, users of desogestrel pills experienced a 2.6% loss in bone mineral density after 24 months. Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons demonstrated that bone mineral density changes from baseline to 24 months among depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users differed significantly from changes experienced by either of the pill groups or the control group. Changes in bone mineral density among users of either pill did not significantly differ from each other or from controls. CONCLUSION: Loss of bone mineral density associated with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use appears to be linear during the first 2 years of use. Shifts in bone mineral density among pill users were not significant when compared with controls. ( (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Univ Texas, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Berenson, AB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Med Branch, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM abberens@utmb.edu NR 30 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 103 IS 5 BP 899 EP 906 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000117082.49490.d5 PN 1 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 875IR UT WOS:000225414200012 PM 15121563 ER PT J AU Straka, M Zeringue, E Goldman, M AF Straka, M Zeringue, E Goldman, M TI A rare drug reaction to methotrexate after treatment for ectopic pregnancy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIGH-DOSE METHOTREXATE; ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION AB BACKGROUND: Ectopic pregnancies are commonly diagnosed and treated in physicians' offices. In the hemodynamically stable patient, therapy often includes treatment with methotrexate. Well-known adverse effects of this drug include mucositis, abdominal cramping, and malaise. We report a case of a rare drug reaction after treatment with methotrexate. CASE: A 34-year-old, gravida 2, para 0, at 7 weeks of gestation by last menstrual period was diagnosed with an ectopic pregnancy and treated with methotrexate. The patient had an anaphylactoid reaction shortly after administration of methotrexate. CONCLUSION: Methotrexate is a commonly used therapy for ectopic pregnancies in the outpatient setting. Practitioners should be aware of the potential adverse reactions to methotrexate. (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, SGGG, Travis Air Force Base, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Straka, M (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, SGGG, Travis Air Force Base, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM michelle.straka@60mdg.travis.af.mil NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1048 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000127941.83892.e1 PN 2 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 876BK UT WOS:000225470300007 PM 15121603 ER PT J AU Morgenstern, KE Evanchan, J Foster, JA Cahill, KV Burns, JA Holck, DEE Perry, JD Wulc, AE AF Morgenstern, KE Evanchan, J Foster, JA Cahill, KV Burns, JA Holck, DEE Perry, JD Wulc, AE TI Botulinum toxin type A for dysthyroid upper eyelid retraction SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY; LID RETRACTION; DISEASE; MUSCLE AB Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for treatment of eyelid retraction resulting from thyroid eye disease (TED) during the inflammatory phase of the condition. Methods: In this prospective, nonrandomized case series, 18 patients with inflammatory eyelid retraction caused by active TED received botulinum toxin type A injection (10, 5, or 2.5 U) for treatment of upper eyelid retraction. Botulinum toxin type A (Allergan, Irvine, CA, U.S.A.) was injected transconjunctivally just above the Superior tarsal border in the elevator complex of the upper eyelid. Results: Seventeen of 18 patients (94%) demonstrated a reduced marginal reflex distance (MRD1) after botulinum toxin injection. The average change in MRD1 of the treated eyelid after injection was -2.35 mm (range, 0 to -8.0 mm). Of the 27 eyelids injected. 33% had a 0- to 1-mm drop in eyelid height, 30% had a 1.5- to 2-mm decrease. 22% had a 2.5- to 3-mm decrease, and 15% had a greater than 3-mm decrease in eyelid height. None of the treated eyelids were noted to increase in height. One patient showed no alteration in MRD1 after treatment. One patient had clinically significant ptosis and one patient reported worsening of preexisting diplopia after injection. Three patients undergoing unilateral injection had relative contralateral eyelid elevation. All untoward effects resolved spontaneously without sequelae. Conclusions: Botulinum toxin type A may be used in the inflammatory stage of thyroid eye disease to improve upper eyelid retraction. Individual response to treatment is variable, but this modality Should be considered as a temporizing measure until stability for surgery is reached. C1 Ohio State Univ, Grant Eye & Ear Hosp, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Wills Eye Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Morgenstern, KE (reprint author), 340 E Town St,Suite 8-200, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. EM kmorgenstern@pol.net NR 15 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0740-9303 J9 OPHTHAL PLAST RECONS JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 181 EP 185 DI 10.1097/00002341-200405000-00001 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 823OO UT WOS:000221622800001 PM 15167723 ER PT J AU Takekoshi, T Brooke, GM Patterson, BM Knize, RJ AF Takekoshi, T Brooke, GM Patterson, BM Knize, RJ TI Absolute Rb one-color two-photon ionization cross-section measurement near a quantum interference SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; CORE POLARIZATION; RUBIDIUM ATOMS; ION LASER; CESIUM; ABSORPTION; TRANSITION; SPECTRA AB We observe destructive interference in the ground-state Rb two-photon ionization cross section when the single photon energy is tuned between the 5S-->5P and 5S-->6P transition energies. The minimum cross section is 5.9(1.5)x10(-52) cm(4) s and it occurs at a wavelength of 441.0(3) nm (in vacuo). Relative measurements of these cross sections are made at various wavelengths by counting ions produced when magneto-optically trapped Rb atoms are exposed to light from a tunable pulsed laser. This relative curve is calibrated to an absolute cross-section measurement at 532 nm using the trap loss method. A simple calculation agrees reasonably with our results. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Takekoshi, T (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 053411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.053411 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 826FC UT WOS:000221813700113 ER PT J AU Look, DC Fang, ZQ Soloviev, S Sudarshan, TS Boeckl, JJ AF Look, DC Fang, ZQ Soloviev, S Sudarshan, TS Boeckl, JJ TI Anomalous capture and emission from internal surfaces of semiconductor voids: Nanopores in SiC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICON; ELECTRON TRAPS; GAN; SPECTROSCOPY; DISLOCATIONS AB Deep level transient spectroscopy in nanoporous, n-type SiC reveals a new type of deep (similar to0.8 eV) trap that can hold more than 100 electrons and that has anomalous capture and emission behavior. Here we quantitatively explain these effects with a new, general formalism that treats both emission and capture in the presence of dynamic energy barriers, resulting from the charging and discharging of states on the internal surfaces of voids, such as pores or nanopipes. The capture kinetics display a logarithmic time dependence over a certain filling range, as has often been observed in connection with dislocation-related trapping. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 19 AR 195205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.195205 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 828GL UT WOS:000221961700044 ER PT J AU Intrator, T Zhang, SY Degnan, JH Furno, I Grabowski, C Hsu, SC Ruden, EL Sanchez, PG Taccetti, JM Tuszewski, M Waganaar, WJ Wurden, GA AF Intrator, T Zhang, SY Degnan, JH Furno, I Grabowski, C Hsu, SC Ruden, EL Sanchez, PG Taccetti, JM Tuszewski, M Waganaar, WJ Wurden, GA TI A high density field reversed configuration (FRC) target for magnetized target fusion: First internal profile measurements of a high density FRC SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID CONVERGING FLUX CONSERVER; AXIAL DYNAMICS; THETA-PINCH; PLASMA; COMPRESSION AB Magnetized target fusion (MTF) is a potentially low cost path to fusion, intermediate in plasma regime between magnetic and inertial fusion energy. It requires compression of a magnetized target plasma and consequent heating to fusion relevant conditions inside a converging flux conserver. To demonstrate the physics basis for MTF, a field reversed configuration (FRC) target plasma has been chosen that will ultimately be compressed within an imploding metal liner. The required FRC will need large density, and this regime is being explored by the FRX-L (FRC-Liner) experiment. All theta pinch formed FRCs have some shock heating during formation, but FRX-L depends further on large ohmic heating from magnetic flux annihilation to heat the high density (2-5x10(22) m(-3)), plasma to a temperature of T-e+T(i)approximate to500 eV. At the field null, anomalous resistivity is typically invoked to characterize the resistive like flux dissipation process. The first resistivity estimate for a high density collisional FRC is shown here. The flux dissipation process is both a key issue for MTF and an important underlying physics question. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Intrator, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 32 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2580 EP 2585 DI 10.1063/1.1689666 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600101 ER PT J AU Ivasishin, OM Shevchenko, SV Semiatin, SL AF Ivasishin, OM Shevchenko, SV Semiatin, SL TI Modeling of abnormal grain growth in textured materials SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE abnormal grain growth; texture; Potts model ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SILICON STEEL; 2 DIMENSIONS; RECRYSTALLIZATION; PARTICLES; ALLOYS; EVOLUTION; METALS AB The effect of initial texture on the occurrence of abnormal grain growth (AGG) was modeled via a 3D Monte-Carlo approach. A diagram of texture characteristics which give rise to AGG was derived. AGG was associated with periods of linear growth behaviour of the largest grain within the microstructure. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Inst Met Phys, Dept Strength & Ductil Inhomogeneous Alloys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shevchenko, SV (reprint author), Inst Met Phys, Dept Strength & Ductil Inhomogeneous Alloys, 36 Vernadsky St, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. EM shevchsv@imp.kiev.ua RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1241 EP 1245 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.01.036 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 801YY UT WOS:000220132400010 ER PT J AU Renard, JJ Calidonna, SE Henley, MV AF Renard, JJ Calidonna, SE Henley, MV TI Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere - a review for applicability to hazardous releases SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE ammonia; atmospheric chemistry; plume dispersion; modeling; catastrophic release ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; SULFURIC-ACID AEROSOL; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; NITRIC-ACID; GAS-PHASE; DRY DEPOSITION; NITRATE AEROSOLS; PROTON-TRANSFER AB The physical and chemical mechanisms responsible for the removal of ammonia from the atmosphere have been reviewed. Capture by atmospheric moisture (clouds, rain, fog), surface water (rivers, lakes, seas), and deposition on vegetation and soil constitute the main pathways for ammonia removal from the troposphere. Ammonia catalyzes the atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide and reacts rapidly with acidic components of the atmosphere (sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids). The ammonium salts formed are the main components of smog aerosols and thus affect the opacity of the atmosphere and the earth radiation budget. Slow oxidation of ammonia in the atmosphere plays only a minor role in its removal. The data obtained for ammonia reactions under normal atmospheric conditions are generally applicable to model chemical reactions Occurring during massive release of ammonia in the atmosphere, provided the impact of high ammonia concentration on the mass transfer processes that control some of these reactions, are taken into account. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Appl Res Associates Inc, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Henley, MV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM mike.henley@tyndall.af.mil NR 181 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.01.015 PG 32 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 815TQ UT WOS:000221065000004 PM 15081162 ER PT J AU Ferranti, L Armstrong, RW Thadhani, NN AF Ferranti, L Armstrong, RW Thadhani, NN TI Elastic/plastic deformation behavior in a continuous ball indentation test SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE continuous ball indentation; instrumented hardness; elastic modulus; elastic indentation; elasticity; plasticity ID HARDNESS; MODULUS AB Continuous indentation tests are now commonly used to measure the elastic moduli of materials in accordance with the unloading response of a plastic indentation. However. a previous technique utilizing a Hertzian ball indentation test, applied to the initial loading behavior, is shown to be equally useful provided that sufficient sensitivity is available for the loading curve measurements. Continuous loading measurements for the indentation of Iignin are used to demonstrate the possibility of using the loading curve for computing the elastic modulus, and the analysis is carried over to test results on solid and porous aluminum materials. The test results show that the elastic modulus for solid aluminum has a value of 67.8 +/- 6.6 GPa. in reasonable agreement with the handbook value. The introduction of few percent porosity reduces the elastic modulus approximately by one-third to 22.6 +/- 4.5 GPa. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Thadhani, NN (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM naresh.thadhani@mse.gatech.edu NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 25 PY 2004 VL 371 IS 1-2 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.12.003 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 818IL UT WOS:000221238700034 ER PT J AU Foster, JC Coster, AJ Erickson, PJ Rich, FJ Sandel, BR AF Foster, JC Coster, AJ Erickson, PJ Rich, FJ Sandel, BR TI Stormtime observations of the flux of plasmaspheric ions to the dayside cusp/magnetopause SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER; DENSITY; MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMA; MODEL AB For the large geomagnetic disturbance on April 11, 2001, we combine data from the Millstone Hill radar, a network of GPS TEC receivers, and the DMSP F-12 and IMAGE satellites, to estimate the sunward flux of thermal plasma associated with erosion of the outer plasmasphere/ionosphere in the dusk sector. Direct radar observations of the E x B advection of SED plasma determine a flux of >10E26 ions/s to the noontime cusp at F-region heights. DMSP in situ observations provide a similar estimate. Assuming a dipolar magnetic field, we project our low-altitude observations into the outer plasmasphere, obtaining a total sunward flux of >10E27 ions/s. High-altitude IMAGE EUV observations of the plasmasphere drainage plume provides an estimate of 1.5x10E27 ions/s for the sunward flux. Such rates of sunward plasma transport are sufficient to deplete a 1-Re shell of the outer plasmasphere in similar to1 hour. C1 MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Foster, JC (reprint author), MIT, Haystack Observ, Route 40, Westford, MA 01886 USA. EM jcf@haystack.mit.edu NR 20 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 8 AR L08809 DI 10.1029/2004GL020082 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 816BR UT WOS:000221085900002 ER PT J AU Brady-Roberts, EG Mattie, D Dodd, DE AF Brady-Roberts, EG Mattie, D Dodd, DE TI Part A: Current issues - Preface SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biosci & Protect Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Brady-Roberts, EG (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM roberts.eletha@epa.gov; david.mattie@wpafb.af.mil; darol.dodd@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD APR 23 PY 2004 VL 67 IS 8-10 BP 607 EP 610 DI 10.1080/15287390490427900 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 814CI UT WOS:000220952400001 ER PT J AU Bekkedal, MYV Arfsten, D Mattie, D AF Bekkedal, MYV Arfsten, D Mattie, D TI An evaluation of neurobehavioral tests used to assess the neurodevelopmental effects of early ammonium perchlorate exposure SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2003 CL Fairborn, OH ID THYROID-HORMONE ACTION; DRINKING-WATER; BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; IODINE DEFICIENCY; NEVADA COUNTIES; RAT-BRAIN; MODEL; THYROXINE; PREGNANCY AB Perchlorate is an anion known to interfere with normal production of thyroid hormones that are integrally involved in the development of the central nervous system and neurobehavioral capacities. Given the identification of drinking water contamination with perchlorate, there are efforts to investigate the effects of exposure in developing fetuses and children in order to guide the establishment of regulatory standards. Systematic neurobehavioral investigations in animal models have been completed to evaluate neurodevelopmental consequences of exposures at different concentrations in drinking water. However, these investigations have not directly addressed the public concern for increased incidences of childhood attention deficit disorders, autism, and lowered IQs of children in areas with known contamination. Although epidemiological data suggest there is not a relationship between drinking-water perchlorate exposure and these childhood disorders, it may be prudent to use animal models to systematically assess the potential for such problems. Given the behavioral complexity of these problems, an appropriate evaluation will require the use of nontraditional neurobehavioral tests such as operant conditioning tasks of varying levels of complexity, and juvenile rat play. Such tests will provide a more direct evaluation of the potential for attention deficits, autism, and lowered IQ scores related to thyroid hormone disruption due to early perchlorate exposure. C1 Wisconsin Bur Environm Hlth, Madison, WI 53701 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. AFRL, HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bekkedal, MYV (reprint author), Wisconsin Bur Environm Hlth, 1 W Wilson St,POB 2659, Madison, WI 53701 USA. EM bekkemy@dhfs.state.wi.us NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD APR 23 PY 2004 VL 67 IS 8-10 BP 835 EP 844 DI 10.1080/15287390490428297 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 814CI UT WOS:000220952400017 PM 15192872 ER PT J AU Hostutler, DA Smith, TC Hager, GD McBane, GC Heaven, MC AF Hostutler, DA Smith, TC Hager, GD McBane, GC Heaven, MC TI State-to-state rotational relaxation rate constants for CO plus Ne from IR-IR double-resonance experiments: Comparing theory to experiment SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED DOUBLE-RESONANCE; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SCATTERING THEORY; CROSS-SECTIONS; NOBLE-GASES; DIODE-LASER; SPECTRUM; DEPENDENCE AB IR-IR double-resonance experiments were used to study the state-to-state rotational relaxation of CO with Ne as a collision partner. Rotational levels in the range J(i)=2-9 were excited and collisional energy transfer of population to the levels J(f)=2-8 was monitored. The resulting data set was analyzed by fitting to numerical solutions of the master equation. State-to-state rate constant matrices were generated using fitting law functions. Fitting laws based on the modified exponential gap (MEG) and statistical power exponential gap (SPEG) models were used; the MEG model performed better than the SPEG model. A rate constant matrix was also generated from scattering calculations that employed the ab initio potential energy surface of McBane and Cybulski [J. Chem. Phys. 110, 11 734 (1999)]. This theoretical rate constant matrix yielded kinetic simulations that agreed with the data nearly as well as the fitted MEG model and was unique in its ability to reproduce both the rotational energy transfer and pressure broadening data for Ne-CO. The theoretical rate coefficients varied more slowly with the energy gap than coefficients from either of the fitting laws. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Chem, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Hostutler, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI McBane, George/E-8870-2015 OI McBane, George/0000-0002-2790-3467 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 22 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 16 BP 7483 EP 7489 DI 10.1063/1.1687314 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 810AA UT WOS:000220676000029 PM 15267660 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA Miller, AES AF Miller, TM Arnold, ST Viggiano, AA Miller, AES TI Acidity of a nucleotide base: Uracil SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE ACIDITIES; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; CAPTURE RATE CONSTANTS; THEORETICAL AB-INITIO; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; PROTON-TRANSFER; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; LOW-TEMPERATURES AB Experiment and calculations are used to show that the gas-phase acidity of uracil is comparable to that of HCl. The gas-phase acidity of uracil (denoted here by U) was bracketed by proton-transfer measurements involving U and various reference acids (denoted here by A) of known gas-phase acidity. Rate constants for proton transfer from the reference acid A to the conjugate anion of uracil, (U-H)(-), were measured in a selected-ion flow tube at 298 K. Rate constants for proton transfer from U to ions (A-H)(-) were measured at 467 K in a flowing-afterglow Langmuir probe apparatus. Here, (U-H) or (A-H) indicates a U or A molecule which is missing an H atom, respectively. The result is DeltaHdegreesacid(uracil) = 333 +/- 5 kcal mol(-1) and DeltaGdegrees(acid)(uracil) 326 +/- 5 kcal mol(-1) at 298 K, which agrees with earlier work. Thermal electron attachment to uracil was found to be too slow to permit measurement of a rate constant, consistent with the gas-phase acidity given above. G3 and G3(MP2) calculations are reported for uracil, and for the each of the (U-H) radicals and (U-H)(-) ions that result from H or H(+) loss from each of the four hydrogen sites of U (on the N1, N3, C5, and C6 positions). From the calculated total energies we obtain the gas-phase acidity of uracil, the four U-H homolytic bond strengths, and the electron affinities of the four possible fragment radicals. We confirm earlier work that the most acidic site in uracil is at the N1 site; this site is where uracil becomes covalently bonded to a carbon of the ribose sugar in RNA. G3 calculations for the N1 site at 298 K give DeltaHdegrees(acid)(uracil) = 334.5 kcal mol(-1) and DeltaGdegrees(acid)(uracil) = 327.1 kcal mol(-1) at 298 K, in good agreement with the experiment. The weakest H-atom bond enthalpy (at the N1 site) is calculated to be 101.8 kcal mol(-1). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. ChemMotif Inc, Concord, MA 01742 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM thomas.miller@hanscom.af.mil NR 68 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 22 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 16 BP 3439 EP 3446 DI 10.1021/jp0373671 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 813YQ UT WOS:000220942800028 ER PT J AU Childs, JD Flynn, TW AF Childs, JD Flynn, TW TI Spinal manipulation for low back pain SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Schertz, TX 78154 USA. Regis Univ, Denver, CO 80221 USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Schertz, TX 78154 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD APR 20 PY 2004 VL 140 IS 8 BP 665 EP 665 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 812PP UT WOS:000220851700016 PM 15096345 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Kahler, SW Reames, DV AF Cliver, EW Kahler, SW Reames, DV TI Coronal shocks and solar energetic proton events SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE shock waves; Sun : corona; Sun : particle emission; Sun : radio radiation ID II RADIO-BURSTS; X-RAY EVENTS; MASS EJECTIONS; PARTICLE EVENTS; ELECTRON EVENTS; 1 AU; WIND SPACECRAFT; FLARE ELECTRONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACCELERATION AB From 1996 July through 2001 June, less than half (43/98) of all favorably located (from solar western hemisphere sources) metric type II radio bursts were associated with solar energetic proton (SEP) events observed at Earth. When western hemisphere metric type IIs were accompanied by decametric-hectometric (DH; 1 - 14 MHz) type II emission (observed by Wind/WAVES) during this period, their association with similar to20 MeV SEP events (with peak fluxes greater than or equal to 10(-3) protons cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) MeV-1) was 90% (26/29), versus only 25% (17/69) for metric IIs without a DH counterpart. Overall, 82% (63%) of all SEP events with visible disk origins were associated with metric (DH) type II bursts, with the percentage associations increasing with SEP event size to 88% (96%) for similar to20 MeV SEP events with peak intensities of greater than or equal to10(-1) protons cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) MeV-1. Our results are consistent with the following possibilities (which are not mutually exclusive): (1) large similar to20 MeV SEP events result from strong shocks that are capable of persisting well beyond similar to3 R-. (the nominal 14 MHz plasma level); (2) shock acceleration is most efficient above similar to3 R-.; and (3) shocks that survive beyond similar to3 R-. are more likely to have broad longitudinal extents, enabling less well connected shocks to intercept open field lines connecting to Earth. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM edward.cliver@hanscom.af.mil; stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil; reames@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 94 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2004 VL 605 IS 2 BP 902 EP 910 DI 10.1086/382651 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 811WL UT WOS:000220801900035 ER PT J AU Carlson, HC Oksavik, K Moen, J Pedersen, T AF Carlson, HC Oksavik, K Moen, J Pedersen, T TI Ionospheric patch formation: Direct measurements of the origin of a polar cap patch SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLOWS AB We present the first direct measurements documenting the origin of an ionospheric patch, emerging into the polar cap from the noon dark cusp region of the dayside auroral oval. A series of such patches were observed. The observed patch-formation signatures, in plasma density and velocity, ion and electron temperature, and optical transient signatures, are all compared to those required of the Lockwood and Carlson [1992] transient reconnection mechanism for patch formation. Conformity of the observed signatures, to the stringent signatures demanded of these five independent parameters by the tested mechanism, is taken as strong substantiation of the applicability of this mechanism. The data excludes two alternate candidate mechanisms. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Blindern, Norway. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Carlson, HC (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, 801 N Randolph St,Mail Room 732, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM herb.carlson@afosr.af.mil NR 14 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 8 AR L08806 DI 10.1029/2003GL018166 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 816BO UT WOS:000221085600001 ER PT J AU Pallamraju, D Chakrabarti, S Doe, R Pedersen, T AF Pallamraju, D Chakrabarti, S Doe, R Pedersen, T TI First ground-based OI 630 nm optical measurements of daytime cusplike and F-region auroral precipitation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HF RADAR AB We have used a high-resolution (0.012 nm at 630 nm) imaging spectrograph to measure auroral emissions in daytime along the magnetic meridian from Sondrestrom Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) facility, at Kangerlussuaq, Greenland (67degreesN, 51degreesW; 74.5degreesN Mag. Lat.). Measured red line (OI 630 nm) brightness during a magnetically disturbed day (January 21, 2001) shows emission enhancements starting at 1330 UT (1130 MLT) and reaching a four-fold enhancement above the normal dayglow brightness about two hours later. The onset enhancement, characterized by a sharp equatorward boundary, was measured concurrently with ISR N-e and T-e, whose morphologies are generally indicative of cusplike precipitation. The 630 nm emission enhancements after 1518 UT correspond to a series of post-noon F-region arcs as measured by the ISR. Modeled 630 nm airglow brightness using ISR data, agree well with both the brightness and time history of the daytime optical measurements. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Pallamraju, D (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM dpraju@bu.edu NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 8 AR L08807 DI 10.1029/2003GL019173 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 816BO UT WOS:000221085600002 ER PT J AU Ferguson, EE Viggiano, AA Gillery, C Rosmus, P AF Ferguson, EE Viggiano, AA Gillery, C Rosmus, P TI Collisional electron detachment from NO- by rare gases SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE collisional electron detachment; NO-; rare gases ID TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; KINETIC-ENERGY; IONS; RELAXATION; AFFINITIES; EXCITATION; STATES; ATOMS; HE AB A model is proposed to explain earlier measurements of electron detachment from NO- by He, Ne, and several diatomic and triatomic molecules. The measurements have been extended to include detachment by Ar with a rate constant of 2 x 10(-14) cm(3) s(-1) at 500K. The previously puzzling inefficiencies are satisfactorily explained by a mechanism in which NO- (v = 0) is vibrationally excited to NO- (v = 1), followed by autodetachment. The data are analyzed with Landau-Teller theory after invoking the principle of detailed balance. Ab initio calculations of the NO- interactions potentials with He, Ne, and Ar have been made. Range parameters derived from Landau-Teller plots and ab initio calculations are in the range expected although not in exact agreement. The ab initio potential attractive wells make clear why the necessary vibrational excitations in He and Ne collisions with NO- (and hence collisional detachment) are far more effective than in the case for At. This appears to be the first application of Landau-Teller theory to a negative ion. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Marne La Vallee, Chim Theor Lab, F-77454 Champs Sur Marne, France. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 233 IS 1-3 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2003.10.017 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 819LR UT WOS:000221316900009 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Van Doren, JM Viggiano, AA AF Miller, TM Van Doren, JM Viggiano, AA TI Electron attachment and detachment: C6F6 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE electron attachment; electron detachment; electron affinity; flowing-afterglow Langmuir probe technique ID RADICAL-ANIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; AFFINITIES; PERFLUOROBENZENE; TEMPERATURE; THERMOCHEMISTRY; SF6; HEXAFLUOROBENZENE; STABILITIES; MOLECULES AB Electron attachment to C6F6 is especially interesting because of the large change in symmetry between the neutral (D-6h) and anion (C,,,). We have made measurements of rate constants for electron attachment to C6F6 and thermal electron detachment from the parent anion, C6F6-, over the temperature range 297-400 K, in 133 Pa of He gas. A flowing-afterglow Langmuir probe (FALP) apparatus was used for this work. At 298 K. the electron attachment rate constant is k(a) = 8.6 +/- 3.0 x 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1), and the detachment rate constant k(d) is approximately 35 s(-1). As the temperature increases k(d) increases rapidly, to about 3000 s(-1) at 400 K. The attachment/detachment equilibrium implies that the electron affinity of C6F6 is 0.53 +/- 0.05 eV. Density functional calculations were carried out in order to obtain thermal quantities needed to convert the equilibrium constant k(a)/k(d) into EA(C6F6). G3(MP2) calculations yielded an electron affinity of 0.454 eV. The fluoride affinity of C6F6 was calculated to be 1.26 eV at 298 K using this same method. We expect the G3(MP2) results to be good within 0.1 eV (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM Thomas.Miller@hanscom.af.mil; viggiano@plh.af.mil NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 233 IS 1-3 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2003.11.014 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 819LR UT WOS:000221316900012 ER PT J AU Levandier, DJ Chiu, YH Dressler, RA AF Levandier, DJ Chiu, YH Dressler, RA TI Reactions of O+ with CnH2n+2, n=2-4: A guided-ion beam study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; RATE-CONSTANT K(E); MOLECULE REACTIONS; THERMAL-ENERGY; N-BUTANE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIGAND COMPLEXES; RADICAL CATIONS AB We have measured absolute reaction cross sections for the interaction of O+ with ethane, propane, and n-butane at collision energies in the range from near thermal to approximately 20 eV, using the guided-ion beam (GIB) technique. We have also measured product recoil velocity distributions using the GIB time-of-flight (TOF) technique for several product ions at a series of collision energies. The total cross sections for each alkane are in excess of 100 Angstrom(2) at energies below similar to2 eV, and in each case several ionic products arise. The large cross sections suggest reactions that are dominated by large impact parameter collisions, as is consistent with a scenario in which the many products derive from a near-resonant, dissociative charge-transfer process that leads to several fragmentation pathways. The recoil velocities, which indicate product ions with largely thermal velocity distributions, support this picture. Several product ions, most notably the C2H3+ fragment for each of the alkanes, exhibit enhanced reaction efficiency as collision energy increases, which can be largely attributed to endothermic channels within the dissociative charge-transfer mechanism. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02159 USA. RP Levandier, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 15 BP 6999 EP 7007 DI 10.1063/1.1667459 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 808RD UT WOS:000220585300023 PM 15267600 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Friedman, JF Viggiano, AA AF Miller, TM Friedman, JF Viggiano, AA TI Electron attachment and detachment and the electron affinity of cyclo-C4F8 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; SF6; OCTAFLUOROCYCLOBUTANE; FLUOROCARBONS; RESONANCE; EXCHANGE; ENERGIES; C-C4F8 AB New measurements have been made of rate constants for electron attachment to c-C4F8 (octafluorocyclobutane) and thermal electron detachment from the parent anion, c-C4F8-, over the temperature range 298-400 K in 133 Pa of He gas in a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus. From these data the electron affinity for c-C4F8 was determined, EA(c-C4F8)=0.63+/-0.05 eV. The motivation was to resolve a discrepancy between our earlier EA estimate and a higher value (EA=1.05+/-0.10 eV) reported from a recent experiment of Hiraoka [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 7574 (2002)]. The electron attachment rate constant is 9.3+/-3.0x10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) at 298 K. The electron detachment rate constant is negligible at room temperature but climbs to 1945+/-680 s(-1) at 400 K. G3(MP2) calculations were carried out for the neutral (D-2d, (1)A(1)) and anion (D-4h, (2)A(2u)) and yielded EA(c-C4F8-)=0.595 eV. Bond energies were also calculated for loss of F from c-C4F8 and loss of F or F- from c-C4F8-. From these, dissociative electron attachment is found to be endothermic by at least 1.55 eV. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM thomas.miller@hanscom.af.mil NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 15 BP 7024 EP 7028 DI 10.1063/1.1683082 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 808RD UT WOS:000220585300026 PM 15267603 ER PT J AU Zhang, YC Alonso, PR Martinez-Limia, A Scanlon, LG Balbuena, PB AF Zhang, YC Alonso, PR Martinez-Limia, A Scanlon, LG Balbuena, PB TI Crystalline structure and lithium-ion channel formation in self-assembled di-lithium phthalocyanine: Theory and experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC POPULATION ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR WAVE FUNCTIONS; PARTIALLY OXIDIZED METALLOMACROCYCLES; CONTROLLING LATTICE ARCHITECTURE; M = SI; THIN-FILMS; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SPIN-RESONANCE; FORCE-FIELD AB The crystalline Structure of di-lithium phthalocyanine (Li2Pc) is analyzed via a sequence of theoretical methods starting with ab-initio optimizations of a single molecule and dimers, followed by a series of classical molecular dynamics simulations that emulate four alternative crystalline structures. Calculated X-ray spectra are compared with those from experiments, and the results suggest that the features correspond to a dominant beta-phase, although similarities in the calculated spectrum of alternative phases may imply the possible existence of polymorphism in this material. Since Li2Pc has been proposed as a solid electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries, the existence of ion-conducting channels is examined through the analyses of the simulated structures. Dynamical properties Such as the lithium-ionic diffusion coefficient are determined through the velocity autocorrelation function and compared to experimental values. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Balbuena, PB (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM balbuena@engr.sc.edu NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 15 BP 4659 EP 4668 DI 10.1021/jp037322k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 810ST UT WOS:000220724700016 ER PT J AU Ponnappan, R Ravigururajan, TS AF Ponnappan, R Ravigururajan, TS TI Contact thermal resistance of Li-ion cell electrode stack SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Density Electrochemical Power Sources CY SEP 17-20, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE DE thermal resistance; contact pressure; Li-ion cell electrode layers; temperature and pressure measurement; electrode stack packaging; separator hot-spot; battery thermal design data ID BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; BATTERIES AB Lithium-ion batteries are widely used for portable energy storage in space power and consumer electronics applications. While the performance of these batteries is mainly depended upon the electrochemical aspects and contact electrical resistance of the cell stack, issues relating to contact thermal resistance between various layers of the cell stack could become more relevant under high rate of charge/discharge and extreme temperature operating conditions. An experimental program was carried out to establish the contact thermal resistance of a typical cell stack comprising graphite-coated copper anode, lithium cobalt oxide-coated aluminum cathode, polyethylene/polypropylene separator and electrolyte under various contact pressures and temperatures. The cell stack was not electrically charged or discharged during present experiments. Tests were conducted over a range of temperatures from -20 to 50 degreesC and pressures from 0 to 250 psi (1.72 MPa). The results show that, in general, resistance increases with decreasing pressure and the effect is significant when the pressure is reduced below 100 psi. Damage to the separator due to hot spots was observed at interface temperatures greater than 80 degreesC. Present results indicate that extreme operating temperatures may affect the performance of Li-ion batteries. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wichita State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Ponnappan, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rengasamy.ponnappan@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 129 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 810AB UT WOS:000220676100004 ER PT J AU Campbell, TJ Shaaban, AH Holcomb, FH Salavani, R Binder, MJ AF Campbell, TJ Shaaban, AH Holcomb, FH Salavani, R Binder, MJ TI JP-8 catalytic cracking for compact fuel processors SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Density Electrochemical Power Sources CY SEP 17-20, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE DE fuel cells; reforming; fuel processors; JP-8 catalytic cracking ID CONVERSION AB In processing heavier hydrocarbons such as military logistic fuels (JP-4, JP-5, JP-8, and JP-100), kerosene, gasoline, and diesel to produce hydrogen for fuel cell use, several issues arise. First, these fuels have high Sulfur content, which can poison and deactivate components of the reforming process and the fuel cell stack; second, these fuels may contain non-volatile residue (NVR), up to 1.5 vol.%, which could potentially accumulate in a fuel processor; and third is the high coking potential of heavy hydrocarbons. Catalytic cracking of a distillate fuel prior to reforming can resolve these issues. Cracking using all appropriate catalyst call convert the various heavy organosulfur species in the fuel to lighter Sulfur species such as hydrogen Sulfide (H,S), facilitating subsequent sulfur adsorption on zinc oxide (ZnO). Cracking followed by separation of light cracked gas from heavies effectively eliminates non-volatile aromatic species. Catalytic cracking can also convert heavier hydrocarbons to lights (C-1-C-3) at high conversion, which reduces the potential for coke formation in the reforming process. In this Study, two types of catalysts were compared for JP-8 cracking performance: commercially-available zeolite materials similar to catalysts formulated for fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) processes, and a novel manganese/alumina catalyst, which was previously reported to provide high selectivity to lights and low coke yield. Experiments were designed to test each catalyst's effectiveness under the high space velocity conditions necessary for use in compact, lightweight fuel processor systems. Cracking conversion results, as well as sulfur and hydrocarbon distributions in the light cracked gas, are presented for the two catalysts to provide a performance comparison. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Appl Res Associates Inc, AFRL, MLQD, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Campbell, TJ (reprint author), Appl Res Associates Inc, AFRL, MLQD, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM tim.campbell@tyndall.af.mil NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 129 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.022 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 810AB UT WOS:000220676100015 ER PT J AU Rogers, JV Siegel, GL Pollard, DL Rooney, AD McDougal, JN AF Rogers, JV Siegel, GL Pollard, DL Rooney, AD McDougal, JN TI The cytotoxicity of volatile JP-8 jet fuel components in keratinocytes SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE JP-8; keratinocyte; skin; in vitro ID HUMAN EPIDERMAL-KERATINOCYTES; ACUTE SKIN IRRITATION; IN-VITRO TESTS; INTERLEUKIN-8 RELEASE; EXPOSURE; ASSAY; PREVALIDATION; HYDROCARBONS; NAPHTHALENE; ABSORPTION AB In vitro models are being used to evaluate the toxic and irritating effects of JP-8, a kerosene-based jet fuel. JP-8 components are volatile, which makes in vitro studies difficult to evaluate dose-response relationships due to changes in chemical dosimetry caused by evaporation from the exposure medium. An in vitro approach testing volatile chemical toxicity that we have recently developed was used to evaluate the toxicity of the JP-8 components m-xylene, 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN), and n-nonane in keratinocytes. Partition coefficients were measured and used to estimate the chemical concentration in the keratinocytes. The EC50 for m-xylene and 1-MN decreased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) at 1, 2, and 4 h. For n-nonane, no significant decreases in the EC50 values were observed over time; marginal cytotoxicity of n-nonane in keratinocytes was observed at 1 h. Within 4 h, about 75-90% of each volatile chemical was observed to be lost from the exposure medium when tissues were exposed in unsealed 24-well plates. This decrease resulted in significantly higher medium chemical concentrations needed to obtain EC50 values when compared to tissues exposed in sealed vials. This study demonstrates that chemical evaporation during in vitro exposures can significantly affect toxicological endpoint measurements. Ultimately, relating target cell chemical concentration to cellular responses in vitro could be used in determining an equivalent external dose using a biologically-based mathematical model. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDougal, JN (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.mcdougal@wright.edu NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 15 PY 2004 VL 197 IS 2 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2003.12.011 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 804UD UT WOS:000220322700004 PM 15003322 ER PT J AU Ross, TS Moore, GT AF Ross, TS Moore, GT TI Nonresonant recirculating type II second-harmonic generator SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We show an experimental proof of concept for a nonresonant recirculation method to increase the conversion efficiency of second-harmonic generation (SHG) with type II phase matching. As much as a factor-of-4 efficiency increase compared with that of single-pass SHG is possible, provided that the recirculation length is within the coherence length of the pump laser. Nonresonant recirculating SHG may be valuable in systems in which intracavity doubling is not practicable, such as high-power cw bulk solid-state or fiber lasers. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Dirctorate, AFRL,DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ross, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Dirctorate, AFRL,DELO, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM sean.ross@kirtland.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 10 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2353 EP 2359 DI 10.1364/AO.43.002353 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 811GF UT WOS:000220759700020 PM 15098839 ER PT J AU Jiang, H O'Neill, K Grant, JT Tullis, S Eyink, K Johnson, WE Fleitz, P Bunning, TJ AF Jiang, H O'Neill, K Grant, JT Tullis, S Eyink, K Johnson, WE Fleitz, P Bunning, TJ TI Variable refractive index polymer thin films prepared by plasma copolymerization SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FILTERS; COATINGS AB We have developed plasma copolymerization techniques to fabricate photonic films with two (or more) monomers, whose composition can be controlled to manipulate the optical properties of the films. Spectroscopic ellipsometry confirmed that by changing monomer feed ratios (benzene and octafluorocyclobutane), films in the nanometer thickness range with refractive indices between those of the homopolymerized films could be fabricated. Spectroscopic analysis of the chemical structure of the copolymerized films using FTIR and XPS confirmed a nonlinear variation of chemical composition as a function of the monomer feed ratios. However, the refractive index of these films changes linearly with the film composition (characterized as the fluorine/carbon ratio). Facile control of optical thickness was demonstrated by fabricating multilayer antireflecting (AR) coatings on substrates of differing refractive indices. Very good agreement between the design and experimental spectra was obtained. This growth process creates a new way to prepare gradient-index (GRIN) films in the nanometer range, with a Deltan greater than 0.3 and with well-controlled properties. C1 USAF, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, MLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, MLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 6 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1292 EP 1297 DI 10.1021/cm035226q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 809KA UT WOS:000220634400020 ER PT J AU Brott, LL Rozenzhak, SM Naik, RR Davidson, SR Perrin, RE Stone, MO AF Brott, LL Rozenzhak, SM Naik, RR Davidson, SR Perrin, RE Stone, MO TI A poly(vinyl alcohol)/carbon-black composite film: A platform for biological macromolecule incorporation SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DETECTOR ARRAYS; PROTEIN; ETHYLENE AB A biomimetic infrared sensor has been fabricated that takes advantage of the unique thermosensing properties of the TlpA protein of Salmonella. By integrating this protein into a matrix of poly(vinyl alcohol) doped with conductive carbon black and plasticizer, a simple and reliable thermally sensitive array can be fabricated (see Figure). This array can track the heat from a flashlight over 6 m away or distinguish between three independent heat sources. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stone, MO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM morley.stone@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 7 BP 592 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200305641 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 816YF UT WOS:000221144500005 ER PT J AU Strzhemechny, YM Mosbacker, HL Look, DC Reynolds, DC Litton, CW Garces, NY Giles, NC Halliburton, LE Niki, S Brillson, LJ AF Strzhemechny, YM Mosbacker, HL Look, DC Reynolds, DC Litton, CW Garces, NY Giles, NC Halliburton, LE Niki, S Brillson, LJ TI Remote hydrogen plasma doping of single crystal ZnO SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ZINC-OXIDE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; UNDOPED ZNO; DONOR; IMPLANTATION; SUBSTRATE; SHALLOW; DEVICES AB We demonstrate that remote plasma hydrogenation can increase electron concentrations in ZnO single crystals by more than an order of magnitude. We investigated the effects of this treatment on Hall concentration and mobility as well as on the bound exciton emission peak I-4 for a variety of ZnO single crystals-bulk air annealed, Li doped, and epitaxially grown on sapphire. Hydrogen increases I-4 intensity in conducting samples annealed at 500 and 600 degreesC and partially restores emission in the I-4 range for Li-diffused ZnO. Hydrogenation increases carrier concentration significantly for the semi-insulating Li doped and epitaxial thin film samples. These results indicate a strong link between the incorporation of hydrogen, increased donor-bound exciton PL emission, and increased n-type conductivity. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45435 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Strzhemechny, YM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM strzhemy@ee.eng.ohio-state.edu NR 28 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 5 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 14 BP 2545 EP 2547 DI 10.1063/1.1695440 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 808RS UT WOS:000220586800025 ER PT J AU Payne, ER AF Payne, ER TI Untitled SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Payne, ER (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD APR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 812YB UT WOS:000220873700003 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Assar, MD Wang, A Kisslo, KB Pierce, C Harrison, JK Bashore, TM AF Krasuski, RA Assar, MD Wang, A Kisslo, KB Pierce, C Harrison, JK Bashore, TM TI Usefulness of percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy in preventing the development of atrial fibrillation in patients with mitral stenosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AB A prospective cohort of patients with mitral stenosis and no history of atrial arrhythmias showed no decrease in the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after successful versus unsuccessful Inoue balloon percutoneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy. Advanced age and left atrial dimension best predicted which patients developed AF during follow-up, whereas percutoneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy procedural success and left atrial pressure reduction did not have an impact on incidence of AF. (C) 2004 by Excerpta Medical, Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Baylor Univ, Ctr Med, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiol, Durham, NC USA. RP Krasuski, RA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM richard.krasuski@lackland.af.mil NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 BP 936 EP 939 DI 10.1016/j.amcard.2003.12.041 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 807HW UT WOS:000220493600026 PM 15050505 ER PT J AU Xiong, L Chintapalli, KN Dodd, GD Chopra, S Pastrano, JA Hill, C Leyendecker, JR Abbott, RM Grayson, D Feig, J AF Xiong, L Chintapalli, KN Dodd, GD Chopra, S Pastrano, JA Hill, C Leyendecker, JR Abbott, RM Grayson, D Feig, J TI Frequency and CT patterns of bowel wall thickening proximal to cancer of the colon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTRAST-ENHANCED CT; ISCHEMIC COLITIS; CARCINOMA; CIRRHOSIS; LESIONS AB Objective. This study was performed to determine the frequency and patterns of colon wall thickening seen on CT of patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon. Materials and Methods. Preoperative abdominal and pelvic CT scans of 185 patients with surgically proven adenocarcinoma of the colon were retrospectively evaluated by three abdominal radiologists for the presence of colon obstruction and colon wall thickening proximal to the colon adenocarcinoma. The distributions and patterns of colon wall thickening were categorized by consensus. CT findings were compared with pathologic findings. Fisher's exact test was used to determine the statistical significance of any associations. Results. Of 185 patients, CT findings of 20 (10.8%) showed colon wall thickening. Of these, the adenocarcinoma obstructed the colon in 19 patients (p<0.01). Colon obstruction was partial in 10 patients (53%) and complete in nine (47%). Colon wall thickening was contiguous to the tumor in 14 (70%) patients and nonconfiguous in six (30%). Segmental and pancolonic, patchy and diffuse, and dependent and nondependent colon wall thickening was observed in 10 patients (50%) in each category. Associated small-bowel wall thickening was shown in 10 (50%) of the 20 patients. Pathologic examination showed colon wall thickening to be due to edema in all cases. Conclusion. Colon wall edema can occur proximal to colon adenocarcinoma, is almost always associated with colon obstruction, and is predominantly contiguous with the obstructing adenocarcinoma. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol MTLP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Chintapalli, KN (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 182 IS 4 BP 905 EP 909 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 805RG UT WOS:000220382800020 PM 15039162 ER PT J AU Rathkopf, MM Napoli, D Walls, JG AF Rathkopf, MM Napoli, D Walls, JG TI Allergic rhinitis and asthma in a patient with unilateral pulmonary agenesis SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUNG; MALFORMATIONS; ANOMALIES C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Rathkopf, MM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM melinda.rathkopf@lackland.af.mil NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 92 IS 4 BP 403 EP 408 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 812ZI UT WOS:000220877000003 PM 15104190 ER PT J AU Gillen, GD Guha, S AF Gillen, GD Guha, S TI Refractive-index measurements of zinc germanium diphosphide at 300 and 77 K by use of a modified Michelson interferometer SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED-LIGHT INTERFERENCE; ZNGEP2 BIREFRINGENCE; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; MU-M; ELLIPSOMETRY AB A method to determine the absolute refractive index of materials available in the shape of flat wafers with parallel sides by using interferometric techniques is presented. With this method, nondestructive, sample-specific measurements can be made. The method is tested by using silicon, germanium and zinc selenide, and measurements for both the ordinary and extraordinary axes of ZnGeP2 for temperatures of 300 and 77 K are reported. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gillen, GD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ, Bldg 71A,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.gillen@wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 10 BP 2054 EP 2058 DI 10.1364/AO.43.002054 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 807HY UT WOS:000220493800010 PM 15074412 ER PT J AU Rawat, DS Talapatra, S Lafdi, K Migone, AD AF Rawat, DS Talapatra, S Lafdi, K Migone, AD TI Use of novel carbon-nanofiber-doped carbon liquid crystals as suitable adsorbents for hydrogen storage SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE NANOFIBERS; NANOTUBES; ADSORPTION; NANOSTRUCTURES; DIAMETER AB Over the last few years a number of groups have been exploring the possibilities and limitations associated with using adsorption on newly developed materials for the storage of hydrogen. Here we report the results of hydrogen adsorption investigations on a newly synthesized form of carbon nanofiber-doped carbon liquid crystals. This material shows a marked increase in specific surface area upon activation with water vapor, leading to activated samples that are capable of adsorbing hydrogen upto 3.5% by weight at 77.3 K, at moderate pressures. The possibility of higher adsorption (similar to6.5 wt. %) in these materials is also discussed. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Migone, AD (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM aldo@physics.siu.edu NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD APR PY 2004 VL 78 IS 7 BP 969 EP 973 DI 10.1007/s00339-003-2416-x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 802VX UT WOS:000220192100005 ER PT J AU Reitan, RM Hom, J Van de Voorde, J Stanczak, DE Wolfson, D AF Reitan, RM Hom, J Van de Voorde, J Stanczak, DE Wolfson, D TI The Houston Conference revisited SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE training; clinical neuropsychology; Houston Conference AB This paper presents a review and critique of the Houston Conference on Specialty Education and Training in Clinical Neuropsychology, together with an informal summary of opinions of a number of neuropsychologists. Issues regarding the role of the Clinical Neuropsychology Synarchy (CNS) and the applicability of the conference policies are offered. Several deficiencies and limitations of the policy statement are discussed. An informal survey of neuropsychologists interested in the Houston Conference indicates rather different opinions concerning the training and education of neuropsychologists. It is our contention that the results of the Houston Conference can only be considered controversial at best and that there is still much diversity of opinion in the field regarding the proper training of neuropsychologists. We hope to stimulate further discussion and greater involvement of the profession before final criteria for education and training are developed and adopted. (C) 2003 National Academy of Neuropsychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Reitan Neuropsychol Lab, Tucson, AZ 85728 USA. Neuropsychol Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Reitan, RM (reprint author), Reitan Neuropsychol Lab, POB 66080, Tucson, AZ 85728 USA. EM reitanlabs@aol.com NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.1016/S0087-6177(03)00077-5 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 809FF UT WOS:000220621900006 PM 15033223 ER PT J AU Hodge, TM Kraemer, KE Price, SD Walker, HJ AF Hodge, TM Kraemer, KE Price, SD Walker, HJ TI Classification of spectra from the Infrared Space Observatory PHT-S database SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; infrared : ISM; infrared : stars ID LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTRA; MIDINFRARED IMAGES; ISO OBSERVATIONS; MICRON SPECTRA; DUST FEATURES; IRAS SOURCES; STARS; EMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; BAND AB We have classified over 1500 infrared spectra obtained with the PHT-S spectrometer aboard the Infrared Space Observatory according to the system developed for the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) spectra by Kraemer et al. The majority of these spectra contribute to subclasses that are either underrepresented in the SWS spectral database or contain sources that are too faint, such as M dwarfs, to have been observed by either the SWS or the Infrared Astronomical Satellite Low Resolution Spectrometer. There is strong overall agreement about the chemistry of objects observed with both instruments. Discrepancies can usually be traced to the different wavelength ranges and sensitivities of the instruments. Finally, a large subset of the observations (similar or equal to250 spectra) exhibit a featureless, red continuum that is consistent with emission from zodiacal dust and suggest directions for further analysis of this serendipitous measurement of the zodiacal background. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Salem State Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Salem, MA 01970 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Hodge, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM tracy.hodge@salemstate.edu; kathleen.kraemer@hanscom.af.mil; steve.price@hanscom.af.mil; h.j.walker@rl.ac.uk OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2004 VL 151 IS 2 BP 299 EP 312 DI 10.1086/382027 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 807SW UT WOS:000220522200005 ER PT J AU Russo, MB Sing, H Santiago, S Kendall, AP Johnson, D Thorne, D Escolas, SM Holland, D Hall, S Redmond, D AF Russo, MB Sing, H Santiago, S Kendall, AP Johnson, D Thorne, D Escolas, SM Holland, D Hall, S Redmond, D TI Visual neglect: Occurrence and patterns in pilots in a simulated overnight flight SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sleep deprivation; sleep restriction; neglect; vision; neurology; performance; impairment; fatigue ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; PERFORMANCE; FATIGUE; ALERTNESS; DURATION AB Introduction: Visual neglect is the unconscious inability to recognize or acknowledge some visual information in the presence of a structurally intact visual system, and was hypothesized to occur with less than 24 h of continuous wakefulness. Visual perception was evaluated in military pilots during a simulated overnight flight to explore for the possible occurrence of visual neglect. Methods: There were eight military pilots (male, 31-52 yr of age, mean 37 yr) on flight status who were recruited to perform the primary task of flying a simulated 12.5 h overnight mission after a day of continuous wakefulness and the secondary task of responding to repeated 20 min presentations of single- and double-light stimuli displayed in random sequence at 15degrees intervals across the cockpit instrument panel. In addition to the visual performance task, simulator shutdowns occurring when the tolerances of the simulator were exceeded were measured and simple reaction time on the psychomotor vigilance task was assessed. Total continuous wakefulness was 26.5 h. Results: Combined performance on the visual perception task showed response omissions increasing at 19 h of continuous wakefulness. Patterns included omissions at all stimulus locations, of primarily peripherally located stimuli, and of one of two simultaneously presented stimuli. Simulator shutdowns began at 21.5 h of continuous wakefulness. Correlation of visual task response omissions with simulator shutdowns was r = 0.95, p < 0.0001. Conclusions: Significant neglect of visual stimuli occurred in pilots beginning at 19 h of continuous wakefulness in a simulated overnight fixed wing aircraft flight, preceded simulator shutdowns, and correlated at 0.95 with simulator shutdowns. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, McGuire AFB, NJ USA. RP Russo, MB (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, 6901 Farrell Dr, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. EM michael.russo@us.army.mil NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2004 VL 75 IS 4 BP 323 EP 332 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 809AK UT WOS:000220609400005 PM 15086122 ER PT J AU Schultz, D Miller, JC AF Schultz, D Miller, JC TI Fatigue and use of Go/No-Go pills in extraordinarily long combat sorties SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Fatigue Countermeasures R&D Program, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Schultz, D (reprint author), PSC 1 Box 3989 APO,AE 09009, Ramstein AFB, Germany. EM darlene.schultz@ramstein.af.mil NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2004 VL 75 IS 4 BP 370 EP 371 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 809AK UT WOS:000220609400013 PM 15086130 ER PT J AU Near, JP Rehg, MT Van Scotter, JR Miceli, MP AF Near, JP Rehg, MT Van Scotter, JR Miceli, MP TI Does type of wrongdoing affect the whistle-blowing process? SO BUSINESS ETHICS QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID FIELD EXPERIMENT; RETALIATION; BLOWERS; PREDICTORS AB We analyzed data from a survey of employees of a large military base in order to assess possible differences in the whistle-blowing process due to type of wrongdoing observed. Employees who observed perceived wrongdoing involving mismanagement, sexual harassment, or unspecified legal violations were significantly more likely to report it than were employees who observed stealing, waste, safety problems, or discrimination. Further, type of wrongdoing was significantly related to reasons given by employees who observed wrongdoing but did not report it, across all forms of wrongdoing. However, the primary reason that observers did not report it was that they thought nothing could be done to rectify the situation. Finally, type of wrongdoing was significantly related to the cost of the wrongdoing, the quality of the evidence about the wrongdoing, and the comprehensiveness of retaliation against the whistle-blower. These findings suggest that type of wrongdoing makes a difference in the whistle-blowing process, and it should be examined in future research. C1 Indiana Univ, Kelley Sch Business, Coleman Chair Management, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Georgetown Univ, McDonough Sch Business, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Near, JP (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Kelley Sch Business, Coleman Chair Management, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 45 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 21 PU PHILOSOPHY DOCUMENTATION CENTER PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA PO BOX 7147, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22906-7147 USA SN 1052-150X J9 BUS ETHICS Q JI Bus. Ethics Q. PD APR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 219 EP 242 PG 24 WC Business; Ethics SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 811FR UT WOS:000220758300002 ER PT J AU Davis, RD Gilman, JW Sutto, TW Callahan, JH Trulove, PC De Long, H AF Davis, RD Gilman, JW Sutto, TW Callahan, JH Trulove, PC De Long, H TI Improved thermal stability of organically modified layered silicates SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE alkyl ammonium; montmorillonite; nanocomposites; organic modifier degradation; organoclay; synthetic mica ID CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; MONTMORILLONITE; DISPERSION; QUALITY AB Bromide-containing impurities were found to decrease the thermal stability of quaternary alkyl ammonium-modified layered silicates. Improved purification procedures completely removed bromide and led to a 20degreesC to >100degreesC increase in organic modified layered silicate thermal stability. Using mass spectrometry and thermal and electrochemical analysis, N,N-dimethyl-N,N-dioctadecyl quaternary ammonium-modified montmorillonite and fluorinated synthetic mica were found to degrade primarily through elimination and nucleophilic attack by these anions. The nature of residual bromides was identified and quantified, and the efficiency of removing these anions was found to be solvent dependent; sequential extraction, first ethanol then tetrahydrofuran, gave the best results. This exhaustive extraction method represents a viable alternative to the use of expensive, more thermally stable oniumion treatments for layered silicates. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Labs, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN Acad, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. US FDA, CFSAN, Instrumentat & Biophys Branch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Davis, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Labs, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@nist.gov NR 11 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 12 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD APR PY 2004 VL 52 IS 2 BP 171 EP 179 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520203 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 813LZ UT WOS:000220909900003 ER PT J AU Katta, VR Meyer, TR Brown, MS Gord, JR Roquemore, WM AF Katta, VR Meyer, TR Brown, MS Gord, JR Roquemore, WM TI Extinction criterion for unsteady, opposing-jet diffusion flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE extinction; unsteady flames; turbulent flames; diffusion flames; vortex-flame interaction; nonequilibrium flows ID VORTEX; COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY; BEHAVIOR AB Dynamic flames are known to survive at strain rates that are much higher than those associated with steady-state flames. A numerical and experimental investigation is performed to aid the understanding of the extinction process associated with unsteady flames. Spatially locked unsteady flames in an opposing-jet-flow burner are established and stretched by simultaneously driving one vortex from the air side and another from the fuel side. Changes in the structure of the flame during its interaction with the incoming vortices and with the instability-generated secondary vortices are investigated using a time-dependent computational-fluid-dynamics-with-chemistry (CFDC) code known as UNICORN (UNsteady Ignition and Combustion with ReactioNs). The combustion process is simulated using a detailed-chemical-kinetics model that incorporates 13 species and 74 reactions. Slow-moving vortices produce a wrinkled but continuous flame, while fast-moving vortices create a locally quenched flame with its edge wrapped around the merged vortical structures. In an attempt to characterize the observed quenching process, five variables-namely, air-side, fuel-side, and stoichiometric strain rates and maximum and stoichiometric scalar dissipation rates-are investigated. It is found that these characteristic parameters cannot be used to describe the quenching process associated with unsteady flames. The flow and chemical nonequilibrium states associated with the unsteady flames are responsible for changes in the extinction values of these traditional characteristic variables. However, even though the quenching values of the scalar dissipation rates increase with the velocity of the incoming vortices, the variations are much smaller than those observed in the strain rates. It is proposed that a variable that is proportional to the air-side strain rate and inversely proportional to the rate of change in the flame temperature can be used to characterize the unsteady quenching process uniquely. (C) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Katta, VR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM vrkatta@erinet.com RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD APR PY 2004 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 198 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.02.004 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 813LK UT WOS:000220908400012 ER PT J AU Fuller, DF Terzuoli, AJ Collins, PJ Williams, R AF Fuller, DF Terzuoli, AJ Collins, PJ Williams, R TI Approach to object classification using dispersive scattering centres SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRICAL THEORY; DIFFRACTION; PARAMETER AB The dispersive scattering centre (DSC) model characterises high-frequency backscatter from radar objects as a finite sum of localised scattering geometries distributed in range. These geometries, along with their locations, can be conveniently used as features in a one-dimensional automatic object recognition algorithm. The DSC model's type and range parameters correspond to geometry and distance features according to the geometric theory of diffraction (GTD). To demonstrate the viability of feature extraction based on the DSC model's range and type parameters, a typical object classification experiment was performed. The experimental data contained direct range radar measurements of four model fighter aircraft of similar size and shape at 0degrees elevation and 0degrees-30degrees azimuth. After implementing DSC model feature extraction on these data, a fully-connected two-layer neural net obtained over 98% classification accuracy. In addition, DSC model feature extraction gave an approximately 85% reduction in the number of required features when compared to the numerous range bin magnitudes used in template matching techniques. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, RF Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fuller, DF (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2F6, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD APR PY 2004 VL 151 IS 2 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20040187 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 819RG UT WOS:000221331700004 ER PT J AU Farquharson, G Junek, WN Ramanathan, A Frasier, SJ Tessier, R McLaughlin, DJ Sletten, MA Toporkov, JV AF Farquharson, Gordon Junek, William N. Ramanathan, Arun Frasier, Stephen J. Tessier, Russell McLaughlin, David J. Sletten, Mark A. Toporkov, Jakov V. TI A Pod-Based Dual-Beam SAR SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Interferometry; sea surface scattering; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) AB A dual-beam along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar that is entirely self-contained within an aircraft pod has been developed by the University of Massachusetts to study sea surface processes in coastal regions. The radar operates at 5.3 GHz with a bandwidth of up to 25 MHz. System hardware is described. Initial test flights aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's WP-3D research aircraft were performed to evaluate system performance over land and water surfaces. Imagery were collected for fore and aft squinted beams, though no interferometric data were collected. Notable look-angle dependences are observed in the sea surface normalized radar cross section under very low wind conditions. C1 [Farquharson, Gordon; Frasier, Stephen J.] Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Junek, William N.] Command Technol Inc, Kemerait Engn Div, Patrick Afb, FL 32925 USA. [Ramanathan, Arun] Qualcomm Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [McLaughlin, David J.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Collaborating Adapt Sensing Atmosphere, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Sletten, Mark A.; Toporkov, Jakov V.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Tessier, Russell] Univ Massachusetts, Reconfigurable Comp Grp, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Farquharson, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM gordon@mirsl.ecs.umass.edu; tessier@ecs.umass.edu; mclaughlin@ecs.umass.edu; sletten@nrl.navy.mil RI Frasier, Stephen/H-1536-2015; OI Frasier, Stephen/0000-0003-4287-2889; Farquharson, Gordon/0000-0002-3052-1646 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-98-1-0612]; Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP); Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Naval Research Laboratory [WU 72-8027] FX Manuscript received August 20, 2003; revised January 17, 2004. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant Remote Sensing N00014-98-1-0612, in part by the Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP), in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and in part by the Naval Research Laboratory under Grant "Physics of INSAR-Based Ocean Surface Current Measurent" WU 72-8027. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2004 VL 1 IS 2 BP 62 EP 65 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2004.826553 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V23ED UT WOS:000208325200007 ER PT J AU Koper, EM Wood, WD Schneider, SW AF Koper, EM Wood, WD Schneider, SW TI Aircraft antenna coupling minimization using genetic algorithms and approximations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Letter ID GEOMETRICAL THEORY; DIFFRACTION; SURFACE AB Genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to minimize antenna coupling by optimally positioning multiple radiators. Initial GA parameters are selected using a simple cylindrical model, and the results are used to optimize antenna placement on a realistic aircraft surface model. A novel aggregate objective function incorporating surface wave coupling, variance of the coupling values, and radiation pattern analysis is used. Multiple computational and experimental data are shown to validate the methodology. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koper, EM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 742 EP 751 DI 10.1109/TAES.2004.1310019 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 839NO UT WOS:000222792000027 ER PT J AU Best, SR AF Best, SR TI The radiation properties of electrically small folded spherical helix antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electrically small antennas; helical antennas; monopole antennas; Q factor AB The radiation properties of several electrically small, folded spherical helix antennas are presented. The primary variables considered in the design of these antennas are the number of helical turns and the number of helical arms. The principle design objectives are to achieve self resonance, a low quality factor (Q), and a practical radiation resistance for small values of ka. Designs are presented for ka less than 0.5, where the antennas are self resonant, exhibiting an efficiency in excess of 95%, a Q within 1.5 times the fundamental limit, and a radiation resistance near 50 Omega. The relationship between the number of helical turns, the number of helical arms, and achieving self resonance at low frequencies is discussed. C1 USAF, RL, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Best, SR (reprint author), USAF, RL, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM steven.best@verizon.net NR 18 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2004 VL 52 IS 4 BP 953 EP 960 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.825799 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 816NI UT WOS:000221116200006 ER PT J AU Hu, XW Choi, BK Barnaby, HJ Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Lee, SC Shojah-Ardalan, S Wilkins, R Mishra, UK Dettmer, RW AF Hu, XW Choi, BK Barnaby, HJ Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Lee, SC Shojah-Ardalan, S Wilkins, R Mishra, UK Dettmer, RW TI The energy dependence of proton-induced degradation in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE displacement damage; GaN; high electron mobility transistors; nonioizing energy loss (NIEL); proton radiation effects ID PERFORMANCE; DC AB The effects of proton irradiation at various energies are reported for AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The devices exhibit little degradation when irradiated with 15-, 40-, and 105-MeV protons at fluences up to 10(13) cm(-2), and the damage completely recovers after annealing at room temperature. For 1.8-MeV proton irradiation, the drain saturation current decreases 10.6% and the maximum transconductance decreases 6.1% at a fluence of 10(12) cm(-2). The greater degradation measured at the lowest proton energy considered here is caused by the much larger nonionizing energy loss of the 1.8-MeV protons. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Prairie View A&M Univ, NASA, Ctr Appl Radiat Res, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, XW (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM xhu@spang.com RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013; OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701; Choi, Bo K./0000-0002-4984-5958 NR 11 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 51 IS 2 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.825077 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 813BV UT WOS:000220883500001 ER PT J AU Kuo, SP Kossey, P Huynh, JT Kuo, SS AF Kuo, SP Kossey, P Huynh, JT Kuo, SS TI Amplification of whistler waves for the precipitation of trapped relativistic electrons in the magnetosphere SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chaos; electron precipitation; loss-cone negative; mass instability; whistler wave ID RADIATION BELT; CHAOTIC MOTION; VLF SIGNALS; MODE WAVES; COHERENT; GROWTH; EVENTS AB Energetic electrons trapped in the radiation belts undergo bounce motion about the geomagnetic equator. The behaviors of the trajectories of these electrons interacting with a large amplitude whistler wave are explored, with the electron energy and wave amplitude as variable parameters. A surface of section technique is used to examine the chaoticity of the system graphically. The wave amplitude required causing an electron trajectory to become chaotic decreases with increasing electron energy. Once the trajectory of an electron becomes chaotic, it can wander into the loss cone and subsequently precipitates into the ionosphere and/or the upper atmosphere. This chaotic scattering process requires a threshold field for the commencement of chaotic behavior in the electron trajectories. Therefore, a loss-cone negative mass instability process to amplify whistler waves by electrons in the bulk of the energy distribution is also studied. The numerical results show that the injected whistler waves can be amplified by more than 20 dB, agreeing with the experimental results. This amplification process reduces considerably the required field intensity of injected whistler wave for the purpose of precipitating those tail electrons in the megaelectronvolt range. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Raytheon Space & Airborne Syst, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Kuo, SP (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 362 EP 369 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.828459 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 832PA UT WOS:000222278200003 ER PT J AU Wilsen, CB Luginsland, JW Lau, YY Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP Tchou, PM Keyser, MW Gilgenbach, RM Ludeking, LD AF Wilsen, CB Luginsland, JW Lau, YY Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP Tchou, PM Keyser, MW Gilgenbach, RM Ludeking, LD TI A simulation study of beam loading on a cavity (vol 30, pg 1160, 2002) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 L3 Commun Electron Devices, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Mission Res Corp, Newington, VA 22122 USA. RP Wilsen, CB (reprint author), L3 Commun Electron Devices, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. EM craig.wilsen@L-3com.com; John.Luginsland@numerex.com; yylau@umich.edu; antonsen@glue.umd.edu; david.p.chernin@saic.com RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 829 EP 829 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.826055 PN 3 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 832PF UT WOS:000222278700012 ER PT J AU Lee, H Jin, O Mall, S AF Lee, H Jin, O Mall, S TI Fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V with dissimilar mating materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; Ti-6Al-4V; dissimilar mating materials; critical plane fatigue parameter ID CRACK INITIATION; CYCLE FATIGUE; CONTACT; MECHANICS; STRESSES; DAMAGE; STRIP AB The effects of dissimilar mating materials on fretting fatigue behavior of titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. Fretting fatigue configuration involved cylindrical pads on the flat specimen. Specimens were made of Ti-6Al-4V and cylindrical pads were made of Ti-6Al-4V, aluminum alloy 2024 and Inconel 718 alloy. All fretting fatigue tests were conducted at 200 Hz with the maximum axial stress ranging from 400 to 700 MPa, and stress ratio, R ranging from nominal value of 0.0-0.7. Applied normal loads for each material of pads were set to provide a constant Hertzian peak pressure of 292 MPa. Finite element analysis of fretting fatigue specimens was also conducted. Results showed that there was no significant effect of different pad materials on fretting fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V at the same applied effective stress. W- or V-shaped surface profiles of the fretting scar were observed with three pad materials, but the specimen tested with aluminum 2024 pad material showed the narrowest scar due to the lowest hardness of aluminum 2024 pad material and the smallest slip region, which was verified from finite element analysis. Microscopic analysis showed that cracks originated at the contact surface and crack orientations were approximately +/-45degrees from a perpendicular to the loading direction. Four critical plane based parameters: Findley, Smith-Watson-Topper, shear stress range (SSR), and modified shear stress range (MSSR) parameters, were evaluated in terms of ability to correlate/predict number of cycles for crack initiation (nucleation and growth to a certain size), crack location and crack angle. All parameters were effective to correlate with number of cycles to crack initiation regardless of pad materials, but only SSR and MSSR parameters could predict both location and orientation of the crack correctly. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD APR PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2003.07.004 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 776RC UT WOS:000189129500007 ER PT J AU Berry, GK Holck, DEE Blaydon, S Demartelaere, S AF Berry, GK Holck, DEE Blaydon, S Demartelaere, S TI The influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on fibrovascular ingrowth in the irradiated anophthalmic socket SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 24-29, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 SU 2 MA 4708 BP U506 EP U506 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 846TC UT WOS:000223338201881 ER PT J AU Hamilton, MT Holck, DEE Marshall, S Foster, J Morgenstern, KE Blaydan, SM Demartelaere, S AF Hamilton, MT Holck, DEE Marshall, S Foster, J Morgenstern, KE Blaydan, SM Demartelaere, S TI Comparison of high-dose botulinum toxin Type B to botulinum toxin Type A in the amelioration of lateral canthal wrinkles SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 24-29, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Ophthalm Consultants Ohio, Ophthalmol, Columbus, OH USA. W Virginia Univ Hosp, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 SU 1 MA 29 BP U111 EP U111 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 846TA UT WOS:000223338000005 ER PT J AU Suhr, A Holck, DE Foster, JA Perry, JD Morgenstern, K Wulc, AE Cahill, KV Burns, JA AF Suhr, A Holck, DE Foster, JA Perry, JD Morgenstern, K Wulc, AE Cahill, KV Burns, JA TI Success of Muller's muscle-conjunctival resection surgery using fibrin sealant SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY APR 24-29, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Ophthalm Consultants Ohio, Dept Ophthalmol, Columbus, OH USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cole Eye Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Ophthalmol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 45 SU 1 MA 33 BP U111 EP U111 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 846TA UT WOS:000223338000007 ER PT J AU Patel, RS Palazotto, AN AF Patel, RS Palazotto, AN TI Finite-element method-based model to study high-cycle fatigue in turbine blades SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite element method; fatigue; turbines; aircraft; engines ID FLUTTER; PANELS AB In order to satisfy the defense challenges of the 21st century, more advanced technologies are needed to build aircraft engines that are lighter, compact, and more powerful than existing designs. Turbine blades are highly critical components of an aircraft engine, and high-cycle fatigue is one of the prime reasons for turbine blade failures; thus understanding and prediction of fatigue, failure are of the utmost importance. A primary function of the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Propulsion Directorate at Wright-Patterson, Air Force Base is evaluation of the development of crack initiation and growth in turbine blade components. One major avenue for the inception of a crack under high-cycle fatigue is the use of a shaker table or an applied forcing, function imposed by a piezoelectric transducer. In order for a crack to develop in, a plate device, one must have appropriate specimen geometry that produces,crack initiation. There are many situations where particular plate dimensions are chosen for testing but a crack never initiates even at the designated endurance. limit. This paper presents a method, based on finite-element evaluation, that determines if plate geometry does lead to high-cycle fatigue (HCF) cracking. Furthermore, it justifies the use of a concentrated load as a representation for an aerodynamic forcing function. If the method is followed, a researcher can study the crack-growth scenario within the HCF environment. C1 AdTech Syst Res Inc, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patel, RS (reprint author), AdTech Syst Res Inc, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM rpatel@adtechsystems.com; anthony.palazotto@afit.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD APR PY 2004 VL 17 IS 2 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1893-1321(2004)17:2(45) PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 808MB UT WOS:000220572100001 ER PT J AU Maji, AK Wegner, P Rochin, R AF Maji, AK Wegner, P Rochin, R TI Surface actuation of lightweight mirrors with shape memory alloy SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE shape memory effect; telescopes; composite materials AB The ability to create lightweight mirrors that can maintain surface accuracy is a major technical challenge for future space telescopes. Processing-induced errors and surface errors due to temperature. excursions and gravity sag (zero gravity in space) make it impossible to correct the surface of thin mirror face-sheets by conventional point actuators. The challenges are compounded by the requirements for mirrors to have adequate stiffness for pointing accuracy. An experimental and analytical study was conducted to explore the feasibility of correcting the shape of lightweight (approximate to1 kg/m(2)) mirrors using a 'Nitinol" (nickel-titanium) shape memory alloy (SMA). Shape memory alloys are increasingly used as smart devices in aerospace applications. Their primary advantage over other smart materials (i.e., piezo-ceramics and piezo-polymers) is in their ability to undergo large strains and displacements and thus enable the development of smart mechanisms. Active shape correction is the only means of mitigating heat and zero-gravity-induced distortions in space-based optical imaging systems. The repeatability and reliability of. a possible actuation system based on properties of the SMA wires were studied by testing the stress strain and stress recovery behavior under controlled conditions. Embedded SMA wires were then used to actuate a composite beam, and the movement induced by actuation was monitored with the Moire interferometry method. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Integrated Struct Syst Grp, Res Lab, AFRL,VSSV, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Maji, AK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM amaji@unm.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD APR PY 2004 VL 17 IS 2 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2004)17:2(83) PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 808MB UT WOS:000220572100004 ER PT J AU Kummerow, C Poyner, P Berg, W Thomas-Stahle, J AF Kummerow, C Poyner, P Berg, W Thomas-Stahle, J TI The effects of rainfall inhomogeneity on climate variability of rainfall estimated from passive microwave sensors SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEAM-FILLING ERROR; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PRECIPITATING CLOUDS; OCEANIC RAINFALL; RETRIEVALS; INDEXES; MODEL; TRMM AB Passive microwave rainfall estimates that exploit the emission signal of raindrops in the atmosphere are sensitive to the inhomogeneity of rainfall within the satellite field of view (FOV). In particular, the concave nature of the brightness temperature (T-b) versus rainfall relations at frequencies capable of detecting the blackbody emission of raindrops cause retrieval algorithms to systematically underestimate precipitation unless the rainfall is homogeneous within a radiometer FOV, or the inhomogeneity is accounted for explicitly. This problem has a long history in the passive microwave community and has been termed the beam-filling error. While not a true error, correcting for it requires a priori knowledge about the actual distribution of the rainfall within the satellite FOV, or at least a statistical representation of this inhomogeneity. This study first examines the magnitude of this beam-filling correction when slant-path radiative transfer calculations are used to account for the oblique incidence of current radiometers. Because of the horizontal averaging that occurs away from the nadir direction, the beam-filling error is found to be only a fraction of what has been reported previously in the literature based upon plane-parallel calculations. For a FOV representative of the 19-GHz radiometer channel ( 18 km 3 28 km) aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the mean beam-filling correction computed in this study for tropical atmospheres is 1.26 instead of 1.52 computed from plane-parallel techniques. The slant-path solution is also less sensitive to finescale rainfall inhomogeneity and is, thus, able to make use of 4-km radar data from the TRMM Precipitation Radar ( PR) in order to map regional and seasonal distributions of observed rainfall inhomogeneity in the Tropics. The data are examined to assess the expected errors introduced into climate rainfall records by unresolved changes in rainfall inhomogeneity. Results show that global mean monthly errors introduced by not explicitly accounting for rainfall inhomogeneity do not exceed 0.5% if the beam-filling error is allowed to be a function of rainfall rate and freezing level and does not exceed 2% if a universal beam-filling correction is applied that depends only upon the freezing level. Monthly regional errors can be significantly larger. Over the Indian Ocean, errors as large as 8% were found if the beam-filling correction is allowed to vary with rainfall rate and freezing level while errors of 15% were found if a universal correction is used. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Vandenberg AFB, CA USA. RP Kummerow, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kummerow@atmos.colostate.edu NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 624 EP 638 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0624:TEORIO>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 809PL UT WOS:000220648500008 ER PT J AU Sanders, B Crowe, R Garcia, E AF Sanders, B Crowe, R Garcia, E TI Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency - Smart Materials and Structures Demonstration Program overview SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sanders, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASD, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD APR PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1177/1045389X04042793 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 815AJ UT WOS:000221014900001 ER PT J AU Sanders, B Cowan, D Scherer, L AF Sanders, B Cowan, D Scherer, L TI Aerodynamic performance of the Smart Wing control effectors SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE conformal; surfaces; smart; aeroelasticity AB This paper presents and discusses the wind tunnel results obtained during Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the Smart Wing program. A series of four tests was conducted, two in each phase. The purpose of the tests was to evaluate the performance of smart material based control effectors in representative aerodynamic environments. In Phase 1, wing twist using a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) torque tube and smoothly contoured trailing edge surfaces enabled by SMA wires were evaluated on a semi-span, 16% scale model of a typical fighter wing. The focus of Phase 2 was to address the design and-demonstration of a high-frequency, large-deflection, and smoothly contoured trailing edge control surface capable of a spanwise variation in deflection. The actuation system for this control surface was based on piezoelectric (PZT) ultrasonic motors. A smoothly contoured leading edge control surface was also built and tested using SMA wires. These designs were evaluated on a 30%, full-span model of a representative Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV). In each wind tunnel entry comparisons were made to the performance of conventional control surfaces. Successful results included: improved aileron effectiveness at high dynamic pressures; demonstrated improvements in lateral and longitudinal control effectiveness with smoothly contoured control surfaces over conventional hinged control surfaces; continuous spanwise shape control; and, large deflections at rates over 80degrees/s, which is well within the desired deflection aileron rates for control of fighter aircraft. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NextGen Aeronaut Inc, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Sanders, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASD, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD APR PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1177/1045389X04042799 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 815AJ UT WOS:000221014900007 ER PT J AU Wells, MK AF Wells, MK TI Plotting a true course: Reflections on USAF strategic attack theory and doctrine, the post-World War II experience. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wells, MK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 659 EP 660 DI 10.1353/jmh.2004.0081 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 809NJ UT WOS:000220643100079 ER PT J AU Jeffers, AT Safferman, AG Safferman, TI AF Jeffers, AT Safferman, AG Safferman, TI TI Understanding K-12 engineering outreach programs SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE engineering education; schools; public information programs AB The United States relies on technology. To continue the development of new and the expansion of existing technologies requires a strong background in science, math, and engineering. Because students are falling behind in these areas, many universities are attempting to reverse this trend and attract more students to their engineering programs through outreach programs. These outreach efforts can take a variety of forms, with the simplest being the development of classroom and web-based materials. Outreach programs can also include professional development programs, engineering contests, on-campus activities, activities at schools, and the sponsorship of teaching fellows and service learning programs. Programs can be directed at preservice teachers, teachers, and/or students as well as specific groups such as females or minorities. The programs may occur throughout the school year or during summer vacations. Personnel presenting the outreach programs can include older K-12 students, teachers, college students, and/or university professors. Regardless of the mechanism, each outreach program has one common goal, to increase the interest that K-12 students have for math and science and, thus, engineering. C1 Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Engn Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Jeffers, AT (reprint author), Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Engn Directorate, 1801 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Andrew.Jeffers@wpafb.af.mil; angelasafferman@hotmail.com; Steven.Safferman@notes.udayton.edu NR 68 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 20 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD APR PY 2004 VL 130 IS 2 BP 95 EP 108 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2004)130:2(95) PG 14 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 808LY UT WOS:000220571800006 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Keller, KA Mah, TI Kerans, RJ Butner, S AF Parthasarathy, TA Keller, KA Mah, TI Kerans, RJ Butner, S TI Reduction of thermal-gradient-induced stresses in composites using mixed fibers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE CERAMIC COMPOSITE AB The possibility of using fibers of varying thermal expansivities to reduce stresses generated from thermal gradients in service was explored. Laminates of aluminosilicate- and aluminamatrix composites were fabricated using a combination of Nextel 610(TM) and Nextel 720(TM) fibers. The composites were tested for mechanical behavior and thermomechanical behavior in comparison to control composite specimens which contained a single type of fiber. Mixed-fiber composites show strength and fracture behavior similar to those of single-fiber-type composites. Their thermomechanical behavior is consistent with 2D laminate models, making it possible to design composites using such models. Interlaminar shear stress is a key, but sole limitation and the use of gradation in fiber mixture is suggested. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Composite Opt Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 617 EP 625 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00617.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 814NP UT WOS:000220981700015 ER PT J AU Cinibulk, MK AF Cinibulk, MK TI Effect of yttria and yttrium-aluminum garnet on densification and grain growth of alumina at 1200 degrees-1300 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE CERAMIC COMPOSITE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; ALPHA-ALUMINA; POROUS-MATRIX; MICROSTRUCTURE; SIZE AB Densification and grain growth of alumina were studied with yttria or yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) additives at the relatively low temperatures of 1200degrees-1300degreesC. Yttria doping was found to inhibit densification and grain growth of alumina at 1200degreesC and, depending on dopant level, had a lesser effect at 1300degreesC. At 1200degreesC, yttria inhibits densification more than it hinders grain growth. The rate of grain growth increases faster with temperature than the rate of densification. Alumina-YAG particulate composites were difficult to sinter, yielding relative densities of only 65% and 72% after 100 h at 1200degrees and 1300degreesC, respectively. Pure YAG compacts exhibited essentially no densification for times up to 100 h at 1300degreesC. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cinibulk, MK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD APR PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 692 EP 695 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00692.x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 814NP UT WOS:000220981700026 ER PT J AU Marathay, AS McCalmont, JF AF Marathay, AS McCalmont, JF TI On the usual approximation used in the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID AXIAL POINTS AB The complete Rayleigh-Sommerfeld scalar diffraction formula contains (1 - ikR) in the integrand. Usually the wavelength is small compared with the distance of the observation point from the aperture and (1 - ikR) is approximated by -ikR alone. Other approximations usually made in the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld formula are addressed as well. Closed-form solutions, without approximations, are possible wherein interesting consequences of these approximations become apparent. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marathay, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD APR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 510 EP 516 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.21.000510 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 805TV UT WOS:000220389500005 PM 15078021 ER PT J AU Chen, JK Beraun, JE Roybal, R Tzou, DY AF Chen, JK Beraun, JE Roybal, R Tzou, DY TI Nano- to microscale modeling by cluster potentials SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SILICON; SIMULATION; METALS AB Cluster potentials have been derived in this work by integrating the Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential over specific physical domains defining the geometrical shapes of the molecular clusters. For microsystems involving loosely compacted cluster arrays, the asymptotic expressions of the cluster potential are derived and compared to the LJ potential. Capabilities in multiscale modeling are demonstrated by introducing physical boundaries as large clusters of a planar geometry. Numerical examples include pressure and heat-flux distributions in nanoarrays subjected to in-depth heating. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Chen, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM TzouR@missouri.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR-JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.2514/1.4419 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 814FW UT WOS:000220961600012 ER PT J AU Chiou, AC Colonel, L AF Chiou, AC Colonel, L TI Regarding "Floppy aortic graft reconstruction for germ cell tumor invasion of the infrarenal aorta" - Reply SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Chiou, AC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD APR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 922 EP 922 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2003.11.044 PG 1 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 902WL UT WOS:000227387300047 ER PT J AU Rivlin, LA Carroll, JJ Agee, FJ AF Rivlin, LA Carroll, JJ Agee, FJ TI Driven energy release of nuclear isomers SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual International Laser Physics Workshop CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Russian Federat, Minist Ind, Sci & Technol, Unites States European Off Aerosp Res & Dev ID GAMMA-RAY LASER; EMISSION; IGNITION; HF-178 AB Recent progress in the development of high-reflectivity X-ray mirrors renews interest in two-quantum radiative driving of isomer decay, because a Fabry-Perot resonator makes it possible to intensify the process due to the combined stimulating action of external gamma beams and intraresonator photon fields. We present a detailed theoretical analysis of such a combined driving process including investigation of emission dynamics, CW and pulsed mode operation, and stability criteria. C1 MIREA Tech Univ, Moscow, Russia. Youngstown State Univ, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Langly AFB, VA USA. RP MIREA Tech Univ, Moscow, Russia. EM rivlin140322@mccinet.ru; jjcarroll@cc.ysu.edu; jack.agee@afosr.af.mil NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1054-660X EI 1555-6611 J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD APR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 435 EP 437 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 817ZZ UT WOS:000221216700001 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Ivanchenko, VG Akhonin, SV Ivasishin, OM AF Semiatin, SL Ivanchenko, VG Akhonin, SV Ivasishin, OM TI Diffusion models for evaporation losses during electron-beam melting of alpha/beta-titanium alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM EVAPORATION AB An analysis of the evaporation of aluminum during electron-beam melting (EBM) of alpha/beta-titanium alloys was performed. The analysis was based on the solution of the one-dimensional diffusion equation for the solute-concentration gradient in the melt pool subject to the flux boundary condition for the evaporation rate at the melt surface quantified using the Langmuir equation. The effect of process parameters and material coefficients (e.g., the diffusivity and solute activity in the melt) on predicted concentration gradients and melt losses under steady-state melting conditions was established for both the finite-domain and the semi-infinite-domain diffusion problems. The accuracy of the modeling approach was validated by comparison to previous measurements for the EBM of alloys with a nominal Ti-6A1-4V composition. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Dept Phase Equilibria, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, GV Kurdymov Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5615 J9 METALL MATER TRANS B JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci. PD APR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s11663-004-0025-5 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 810FO UT WOS:000220690400005 ER PT J AU Maldoni, MM Egan, MP Robinson, G Smith, RG Wrightl, CA AF Maldoni, MM Egan, MP Robinson, G Smith, RG Wrightl, CA TI The phase of H(2)O ice and the librational band in OH231.8+4.2: new interpretations SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; stars : AGB and post-AGB; circumstellar matter; stars : individual : OH2318+4.2; dust, extinction; infrared : stars ID INTERSTELLAR SILICATE MINERALOGY; ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; LOSING RED GIANTS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST; PROTOPLANETARY NEBULAE; OH 231.8+4.2; OH/IR STARS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INFRARED-SPECTRA AB The phase of H(2)O ice and the librational ice band detected toward the post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) star OH231.8+4.2 have been examined using radiative transfer modelling. The results indicate that the ice is largely crystalline and not amorphous as previously reported in the literature. The earlier result is shown to be due to the assumption of unrealistically thick ice mantles. It has also been shown that, in comparison with radiative transfer modelling, Mie theory modelling of the 3-mum ice band detected towards moderately optically thick shells leads to an underestimate of the ice mantle thickness. The modelling results also suggest that the mid-infrared (MIR) feature previously identified with the librational band of H(2)O ice could be the result of amorphous Al(2)O(3). This dust component can also account for the observed enhanced opacity between the 10- and 18-mum silicate bands. C1 Australian Def Force Acad, Sch Phys, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. USAF, Res Lab, MDA AS, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Maldoni, MM (reprint author), Australian Def Force Acad, Sch Phys, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia. EM m.maldoni@adfa.edu.au NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2004 VL 349 IS 2 BP 665 EP 677 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07532.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 810HE UT WOS:000220694600024 ER PT J AU Golden, SM Faux, BM Smith, JW Johnson, OL dela Cruz, WP Shoemaker, C Stamilio, DM Clark, VM Blackmon, CL AF Golden, SM Faux, BM Smith, JW Johnson, OL dela Cruz, WP Shoemaker, C Stamilio, DM Clark, VM Blackmon, CL TI Evaluation of real-time fluorescent PCR assay for rapid detection of Group B streptococci SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediatr Acad Soc C1 Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Neonatol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA USA. USAF, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Travis AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 2248 BP 395A EP 395A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591102314 ER PT J AU Stevens, T Kereeman, J McCurnin, D Yoder, B Shaul, P Grubb, P AF Stevens, T Kereeman, J McCurnin, D Yoder, B Shaul, P Grubb, P TI Early elevation in exhaled nitric oxide is predictive of later improvement in pulmonary function in the premature baboon model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediatr Acad Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 2484 BP 437A EP 437A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591102547 ER PT J AU Olsen, SL Dirnberger, DR Grubb, PH Hawk, BJ Tan, RC AF Olsen, SL Dirnberger, DR Grubb, PH Hawk, BJ Tan, RC TI Neonatal critical care transport over long distances, is it safe? SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediatr Acad Soc C1 USN Hosp, Okinawa, Japan. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2004 VL 55 IS 4 SU S MA 3124 BP 551A EP 551A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 808TJ UT WOS:000220591103203 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Haugan, H Brown, GJ AF Szmulowicz, F Haugan, H Brown, GJ TI Effect of interfaces and the spin-orbit band on the band gaps of InAs/GaSb superlattices beyond the standard envelope-function approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WAVELENGTH INFRARED DETECTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL ANISOTROPY; II SUPERLATTICES; SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES; SECULAR EQUATION; QUANTUM-WELLS; INAS/INXGA1-XSB SUPERLATTICES; PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; LONG WAVELENGTHS AB We develop a modified 8x8 envelope-function approximation (EFA) formalism for the noncommon-atom (NCA) superlattices (SL's), incorporating the effect of anisotropic and other interface (IF) interactions that go beyond the standard EFA. The boundary conditions in the presence of IF interactions are used to set up a secular equation (including a transfer matrix derivation) whose physical transparency makes possible a number of valuable insights (possibility of IF bound states, analytic solutions, indirect gaps, etc.). We show that the heavy-hole-spin-orbit IF coupling is very important due to the IF localization of the SO wave function components and the ability of the IF potential to potentially bind a hole at the IF's, all of which pose convergence problems for perturbative solutions. With two adjustable parameter for the two possible IF's, we find a very good agreement between experiment and theory for the band gaps of several sets of very long-infrared and midinfrared InAs/GaSb SL's grown at several laboratories and by us. The band gaps as a function of GaSb and InAs widths are explained in terms of variations of the HH and conduction (C) band bandwidths. We show that the cut-off wavelengths can be reduced by increasing the GaSb layer width. Thus, a consistent application of the EFA method with the inclusion of well established IF effects can provide useful physical insights and possesses good predictive capacity in the design of NCA SL's. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 76 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 15 AR 155321 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.155321 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 820YT UT WOS:000221426800090 ER PT J AU Wysmolek, A Korona, KP Stepniewski, R Baranowski, JM Bloniarz, J Potemski, M Jones, RL Look, DC Kuhl, J Park, SS Lee, SK AF Wysmolek, A Korona, KP Stepniewski, R Baranowski, JM Bloniarz, J Potemski, M Jones, RL Look, DC Kuhl, J Park, SS Lee, SK TI Reply to "Comment on 'Recombination of excitons bound to oxygen and silicon donors in freestanding GaN' " SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material ID HOMOEPITAXIAL GAN AB In their Comment on our publication [Phys. Rev. B 66, 245317 (2002)], Freitas criticize our identification of donor-bound exciton transitions and the analysis of two-electron satellite emission lines. We show that some arguments given in the Comment are in conflict with our time-resolved and magneto-optical data. We present a discussion of the intradonor transition energies and donor chemical shifts to avoid misunderstanding. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. CNRS, MPIFKF, Grenoble High Magnet Field Lab, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. USAF, Res Lab, AFRLMLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon, South Korea. RP Wysmolek, A (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 15 AR 157302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.157302 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 820YT UT WOS:000221426800138 ER PT J AU Shiffier, D Heggemeier, J LaCour, M Golby, K Ruebush, M AF Shiffier, D Heggemeier, J LaCour, M Golby, K Ruebush, M TI Low level plasma formation in a carbon velvet cesium iodide coated cathode SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EMISSION CATHODE AB Field emission cathodes have been a subject of research for many years. These cathodes hold the promise of effective electron emission in the absence of a heater. Such devices find application in the high power microwave (HPM) arena, as well as the conventional microwave industry and other areas such as flat panel displays. Over the past several years the Air Force Research Laboratory began to focus on cesium iodide cathodes as a field emission cathode of some interest. Previously reported results demonstrated a cesium iodide coated carbon velvet cathode capable of over one million pulses of operation with no degradation of emission. However, the exact emission mechanism remains somewhat unclear. This paper presents results showing that plasma formation on the cathode surface remains, minimal at 1 mus pulse lengths. While ionized cesium and iodine lines exist in the light spectrum from the diode, these lines remain quite small, with the fluorescent emission from solid cesium iodide dominating the optical spectra in the diode. Hence, we propose that the cesium iodide coated carbon velvet operates in a space charge limited regime with pure field emission alone. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEHP, Kirtland AFB, NM 87107 USA. RP Shiffier, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEHP, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87107 USA. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1680 EP 1684 DI 10.1063/1.1666571 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816BC UT WOS:000221084400054 ER PT J AU Rothwell, PL AF Rothwell, PL TI Response to "Comment on 'The superposition of rotating and stationary magnetic sources: Implications for the auroral region'" [Phys. Plasmas 11, 1738 (2004)] SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB Vasyliunas [Phys. Plasmas 11, 1738 (2004)] claims that the co-rotation electric field must be derived from the generalized Ohm's law to be physically correct. However, laboratory results show that the rotation of a magnetic source produces electric fields without a plasma being present. With a plasma present these electric fields, which can be explained by Faraday's law and the transformation of the electromagnetic field between reference frames [Phys. Plasmas 10, 2971 (2003)], form the co-rotation electric field. Therefore, a magnetohydrodynamic approach, as argued by Vasyliunas, is not required to derive the co-rotation electric field. In this Response the relevant laboratory experiments will be described in more detail, as well as their application to the Earth's co-rotation electric field. Also, it is suggested that plasma neutrality and the inertia of the co-rotating plasma maintain E-parallel to not equal 0. In response to a second round of communications, the applicability of a paper by Schiff [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 25, 391 (1939)] is discussed. C1 AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Rothwell, PL (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD APR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1740 EP 1743 DI 10.1063/1.1667493 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816BC UT WOS:000221084400067 ER PT J AU Polites, M Quarles, C Kadebek, D Clements, J Mentch, D AF Polites, M Quarles, C Kadebek, D Clements, J Mentch, D TI A spacecraft attitude stabilization system with low-power magnetic torquers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE spacecraft; attitude stabilization; magnetic torquers AB This paper describes a spacecraft attitude stabilization system that uses a set of 12 low-power magnetic torquers. The low-power magnetic torquer consists of a hard magnetic-material rod inside a solenoid. Discharging a capacitor through the solenoid winding generates a current pulse that changes the magnetic dipole moment of the rod when required. The interaction of this magnetic dipole moment with the Earth's magnetic field creates a torque on the rod that can stabilize the attitude of a spacecraft in a low Earth orbit. Computer simulation results show that a system of 12 low-power magnetic torquers with a combined mass of 3.5 kg or about 8 lb can stabilize a 1400 kg or 3000 lb spacecraft in a 600 km circular orbit to a local vertical orientation in five to ten orbits. With initial rates of 1 deg/s or less in each axis, the peak power dissipated in the low-power magnetic torquers is 440 mW or less, the average power prior to settling is 125 mW or less and the average power after settling is about 2 mW or less. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. USAF, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Osan Air Force Base, Osan, South Korea. RP Polites, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD APR PY 2004 VL 218 IS G2 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1243/0954410041321989 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 836UQ UT WOS:000222581700002 ER PT J AU Anderson, JH AF Anderson, JH TI John Marshall's opinion in Marbury v. Madison does not rely on a misquoting of the constitution: A response to Rose SO PS-POLITICAL SCIENCE & POLITICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Anderson, JH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1049-0965 J9 PS-POLIT SCI POLIT JI PS-Polit. Sci. Polit. PD APR PY 2004 VL 37 IS 2 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 814IT UT WOS:000220969100001 ER PT J AU Shaw, L Luo, H Villegas, J Miracle, D AF Shaw, L Luo, H Villegas, J Miracle, D TI Compressive behavior of an extruded nanocrystalline Al-Fe-Cr-Ti alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE mechanical alloying; nanostructure; aluminum alloys; extrusion; mechanical properties ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; METALLIC GLASSES; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; NI AB The investigation of the compressive behavior of an extruded nanocrystalline Al-Fe-Cr-Ti alloy reveals that the ductility of the alloy is determined by the status of the oxide film at the prior powder particle boundaries. When property extruded, the alloy exhibits more than -0.45 compressive strain at 25degreesC coupled with superior specific strengths up to 400degreesC. The enhanced strength is attributed to grain refinement, intermetallic precipitation, and solid solution. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shaw, L (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Met & Mat Engn, U-3136, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM lshaw@mail.ims.uconn.edu NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 7 BP 921 EP 925 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.01.021 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 775JY UT WOS:000189038000001 ER PT J AU Kim, SM Kim, J Shin, DH Ko, YG Lee, CS Semiatin, SL AF Kim, SM Kim, J Shin, DH Ko, YG Lee, CS Semiatin, SL TI Microstructure development and segment formation during ECA pressing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ti-6Al-4V alloy; equal channel angular pressing; TEM; flow softening ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; ULTRAFINE-GRAINED ALUMINUM; LOW-CARBON STEEL; HOT-WORKING; INITIAL MICROSTRUCTURE; TITANIUM ALLOYS; PLASTIC-FLOW; DEFORMATION AB The deformed microstructures of Ti-6Al-4V alloys with either equiaxed or Widmanstatten structure processed by equal channel angular pressing at 600degreesC were examined by transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that the slip system and the flow localization were dependent on the initial microstructures, which was discussed in relation with alpha/beta interfaces. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Ansan 425791, Kyunggido, South Korea. POSTECH, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Sa 1 Dong, Ansan 425791, Kyunggido, South Korea. EM jina@hanyang.ac.kr RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 7 BP 927 EP 930 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.01.020 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 775JY UT WOS:000189038000002 ER PT J AU Zhu, AW Shiflet, GJ Miracle, DB AF Zhu, AW Shiflet, GJ Miracle, DB TI Glass forming ranges of Al-rare earth metal alloys: thermodynamic and kinetic analysis SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE metallic glasses; short-range ordering; CALPHAD; kinetics ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; FORMABILITY; SYSTEMS; LIQUID; CRITERION; ALUMINUM; BINARY; MODEL AB Using CALPHAD databases, chemical short-range ordering is analyzed and related to metastability of undercooled melts of Al-rare earth metals (including Ce, Gd, Nd and Y). A quasi-kinetic analysis of the primary crystallizations predicts the best glass forming ranges for the quenched alloys, in agreement with those experimentally determined. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Zhu, AW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM awzhu@virginia.edu NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 7 BP 987 EP 991 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.01.019 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 775JY UT WOS:000189038000014 ER PT J AU Shen, C Chen, Q Wen, YH Simmons, JP Wang, Y AF Shen, C Chen, Q Wen, YH Simmons, JP Wang, Y TI Increasing length scale of quantitative phase field modeling of growth-dominant or coarsening-dominant process SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE quantitative modeling; phase field; length scale; precipitate growth; coarsening ID UNEQUAL CONDUCTIVITIES; MICROELASTICITY THEORY; ALLOYS; PRECIPITATE; SOLIDIFICATION; ASYMPTOTICS; EVOLUTION; MOTION; SYSTEM; DRAG AB The length scale in quantitative phase field modeling with material-specific parameters as inputs is determined by the actual interface thickness. Using three examples, we demonstrate that for individual processes such as growth or coarsening, one can always diffuse the interface and hence increase the simulation length scale by adjusting certain parameters in the model without altering the kinetics. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM wang.363@osu.edu RI Wang, Yunzhi/B-2557-2010 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1023 EP 1028 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2003.12.029 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 775JY UT WOS:000189038000021 ER PT J AU Shen, C Chen, Q Wen, YH Simmons, JP Wang, Y AF Shen, C Chen, Q Wen, YH Simmons, JP Wang, Y TI Increasing length scale of quantitative phase field modeling of concurrent growth and coarsening processes SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE growth and coarsening; quantitative modeling; phase field; length scale; Ni-Al ID UNEQUAL CONDUCTIVITIES; ORDERED INTERMETALLICS; PRECIPITATION; ASYMPTOTICS; EVOLUTION; ALLOYS AB We present an approach for increasing the length scale of quantitative phase field modeling of concurrent growth and coarsening processes with neither growth nor coarsening kinetics altered. We modify locally the free energy hump between the two equilibrium phases, which determines interface thickness, while keeping the driving forces for growth and coarsening unchanged. The approach is applied to precipitate growth and coarsening in a binary Ni-Al alloy. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM wang.363@osu.edu RI Wang, Yunzhi/B-2557-2010 NR 16 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1029 EP 1034 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2003.12.027 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 775JY UT WOS:000189038000022 ER PT J AU Adachi, S Hazu, K Sota, T Chichibu, SF Cantwell, G Eason, DB Reynolds, DC Litton, CW AF Adachi, S Hazu, K Sota, T Chichibu, SF Cantwell, G Eason, DB Reynolds, DC Litton, CW TI Biexciton formation and exciton-exciton correlation effects in bulk ZnO SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors (HCIS-13) CY JUL 21-AUG 01, 2003 CL Modena, ITALY ID QUANTUM-WELLS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SYSTEM AB We demonstrate that exciton-exciton correlations strongly affect FWM signals. In particular, A exciton-B exciton correlation (bound and unbound A B-biexcitons), which can be generated even in co-circular polarizations, has a significant qualitative impact on the optical response of bulk ZnO. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Waseda Univ, Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Eagle Picher Technol LLC, Miami, OK 74354 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adachi, S (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Kita Ku, N13 W8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. EM adachi-s@eng.hokudai.ac.jp NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 SI SI BP S276 EP S278 AR PII S0268-1242(04)72134-3 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/19/4/092 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 812TB UT WOS:000220860700093 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Resolving conflicts between athletes and assistant coaches SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB At times, conflicts occur between your assistant strength and conditioning coaches and the athletes with whom they are working. As the person in charge, it is your responsibility to resolve this situation. We asked our panel of coaches what steps they take to resolve this situation. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ARHedrick@Adelphia.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD APR PY 2004 VL 26 IS 2 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 814JH UT WOS:000220970500007 ER PT J AU Iroh, JO Levine, K Shah, K Zhu, Y Donley, M Mantz, R Johnson, J Voevodin, NN Balbyshev, VN Khramov, AN AF Iroh, JO Levine, K Shah, K Zhu, Y Donley, M Mantz, R Johnson, J Voevodin, NN Balbyshev, VN Khramov, AN TI Electrochemical behaviour of conducting polymer/polyimide composite SO SURFACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE polymer composites; polypyrrole; polyimide; reflection absorption; IR spectroscopy ID CORROSION PROTECTION; POLYPYRROLE; STEEL; POLYANILINE; COATINGS; POLYMERS; ELECTRODES AB Two types of conducting polymer composites comprising polypyrrole (PPy) (filter) dispersed in a polyimide (PI) (matrix) and bilayered conducting polymer/PI composites, were successfully formulated. Electrochemical deposition of the PPy/PI composite was accomplished by initially depositing PPy onto the working electrode, and then casting a layer of PI onto the modfied electrode. The PPy/PI composite was also formulated by first casting a PI film onto the bare electrode followed by electrochemical deposition of PPy. Poly (N-ethylaniline) /PI composites were prepared by initially depositing a thin layer of poly (N-ethylaniline) onto the substrate (AA 2024-T3) and then casting a layer of PI resin onto the modified substrate. The composite coatings were characterised by advanced analytical techniques, such as reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIR), SEM, dc polarisation studies and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mfg & Mat Directorate, Nonmetall Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iroh, JO (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Jude.iroh@uc.edu OI Levine, Kirill/0000-0002-1050-6609 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0844 J9 SURF ENG JI Surf. Eng. PD APR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1179/026708404225010667 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 826EP UT WOS:000221812400003 ER PT J AU Frazier, JM AF Frazier, JM TI A theoretical model for simulating the outcome of mechanism based in vitro toxicity testing strategies SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE toxicity testing; biologically based modeling; test validation; mechanistic toxicology AB In order to investigate the fundamental principles that influence the optimal selection of toxicity test methods for the evaluation of chemical hazards, it is useful to have a design model to explore possible alternative testing strategies. In general, our lack of detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of toxicity (including not only the early events in the interaction of chemicals with biological systems, but the sequence of events that lead to experimentally measurable toxicity) limits the development of realistic dynamic models of the toxicological process for individual chemicals. We report here the development of a theoretical model that includes two independent hypothetical mechanisms of toxicity. The mechanisms are designed to be qualitatively similar to known mechanisms of action. The model is exercised to simulate the experimental data that would be obtained for a collection of "test" and "validation" chemicals using a single or a combination of two toxicity tests. The data generated are used to evaluate the "relevance" of the testing strategy based on the two proposed in vitro toxicity tests. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Frazier, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.frazier@wpafb.af.mil NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD APR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0887-2333(03)00144-9 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 778HT UT WOS:000189234100004 PM 14757107 ER PT J AU Trivedi, HK Forster, NH Saba, CS AF Trivedi, HK Forster, NH Saba, CS TI Rolling contact fatigue testing of a 3 cSt polyolester lubricant with and without TCP and DODPA/PANA at 177 degrees C SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE rolling contact fatigue; oil-additives; wear ID STEEL; WEAR AB A rolling contact fatigue (RCF) tester was used to quantify the effects of additives on the tribological performance of 3 cSt polyol ester type gas turbine engine lubricants. The RCF tests were conducted on partially and fully formulated polyolester lubricants at 177 degreesC with M50 bearing elements. Polyolester base-stock, base-stock +1% tricresyl phosphate (TCP), base-stock +1% dioctyl-diphenyl amine (DODPA) +1% phenyl-alpha-napthyl amine (PANA), base stock +1% TCP +1% DODPA +1% PANA and a commercially formulated MIL-L-7808J containing the additives TCP and DODPA/PANA were tested. The post test rod samples were characterized for wear and oil samples were evaluated for changes in viscosity and acid number. The formulations without anti-oxidant resulted in heavy coking and significant increase in viscosity and total acid number ( TAN). The formulations without TCP resulted in significantly higher wear and lower RCF life. Overall, TCP was found to have substantial positive impact on fatigue and wear resistance. Somewhat surprisingly, DODPA/PANA had a slight negative affect on fatigue and wear. The oil with TCP and DODPA/PANA added to the base-stock performed the same as the fully formulated MIL-L-7808J. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Turbine Engine Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Trivedi, HK (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD APR PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1023/B:TRIL.0000009734.35530.d8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 756ZV UT WOS:000187516400008 ER PT J AU Fiddy, MA Lang, R McGahan, RV AF Fiddy, MA Lang, R McGahan, RV TI Special section on foliage penetration SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNC, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Fiddy, MA (reprint author), UNC, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0959-7174 J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA JI Waves Random Media PD APR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP S187 EP S187 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817OD UT WOS:000221185900008 ER PT J AU Semichaevsky, A Testorf, ME McGahan, RV Fiddy, MA AF Semichaevsky, A Testorf, ME McGahan, RV Fiddy, MA TI Unsupervised constrained radar imaging of low resolution targets SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; ANNUAL SPECIAL SESSION; REAL DATA; SAR DATA; RECONSTRUCTION; ALGORITHMS; OBJECTS; IMAGES; SUPERRESOLUTION; INFORMATION AB A linear spectral estimation technique, the PDFT algorithm, is used as part of a nonlinear iterative reconstruction scheme to obtain improved radar images. The iterative PDFT algorithm is used to address the limited resolution problem inherent to imaging objects buried in soil and hidden under foliage. This is achieved by subsequent application of two properties of the PDFT algorithm: the energy parameter of the PDFT algorithm is used to determine the target shape, while the shape information in turn is used to obtain super-resolved images. We describe algorithms able to exploit both properties automatically and without manual intervention. Two methods are investigated in particular, one iteratively optimizing the constraints by monitoring the energy parameter, the other method computing energy values for all points, from which a weighted prior function is determined. In addition, we discuss variants of both algorithm which provide an optimized trade-off between computation time and performance. Additional attention is given to situations, where a known target is embedded in an unknown background. Imaging results are presented for both synthetic and measured data. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNH, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Semichaevsky, A (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Markus.Testorf@osa.org NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0959-7174 J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA JI Waves Random Media PD APR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP S415 EP S434 AR PII S0959-7174(04)71383-X DI 10.1088/0959-7174/14/2/016 PG 20 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817OD UT WOS:000221185900017 ER PT J AU Jin, O Mall, S AF Jin, O Mall, S TI Effects of slip on fretting behavior: experiments and analyses SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE finite element; analysis; relative slip; fretting behavior ID FATIGUE-CRACK INITIATION; INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; CONTACT PRESSURE; TI-6AL-4V; DAMAGE; NUCLEATION; STRESS; LIFE; WEAR AB The role of relative slip on fretting behavior was investigated by conducting experiments and analyses. The first series of tests was conducted at different substrate applied stress amplitudes, and the second series at different applied fretting pad displacements with a constant substrate stress amplitude. A fretting map was developed using fretting fatigue life, relative slip range and normal force. This map provides useful information about the inter-relationships between these parameters and contact conditions (partial and gross slip) as well as about damages induced by these conditions. Partial and gross slip conditions were modeled using finite element analysis (FEA). FEA showed that gross slip simply shifted the stress distribution and the location of the trailing edge without any appreciable change in magnitude. Modified shear stress range (MSSR) parameter, a critical plane-based multi-axial fatigue model, was used to characterize fretting fatigue crack initiation behavior. With increasing applied relative slip, the MSSR parameter initially increased and the fatigue life decreased; thereafter the MSSR remained constant but the fatigue life increased. This increase in the fatigue life appears to be due to an increased wear rate. There was thus a competition between crack initiation and material removal during fretting as the contact condition changed from partial slip to gross slip. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Bldg 640,2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 35 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD APR PY 2004 VL 256 IS 7-8 BP 671 EP 684 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00510-6 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 815ID UT WOS:000221035100004 ER PT J AU Hart, KA Steenburgh, WJ Onton, DJ Siffert, AJ AF Hart, KA Steenburgh, WJ Onton, DJ Siffert, AJ TI An evaluation of mesoscale-model-based model output statistics (MOS) during the 2002 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; TEMPERATURE; FORECASTS; PRECIPITATION; SERVICE; SYSTEM AB The skill of a mesoscale-model-based model output statistics (MOS) system that provided hourly forecasts for 18 sites over northern Utah during the 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games is evaluated. The MOS system was developed using three winters (November-April 1998/99, 1999/2000, and 2000/01) of forecasts by the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) and observations from Olympic venues and transportation corridors. MOS temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction forecasts were considerably more accurate than those produced by the 12- and 4-km MM5 grids. A primary contributor to MM5 temperature and relative humidity errors was a systematic overprediction of surface temperature (i.e., a warm/dry bias) during persistent and nocturnal cold-pool events when corresponding errors in MM5 dewpoint temperature forecasts were not observed. MOS largely corrected for this temperature bias. MOS wind speed forecasts outperformed the 12- and 4-km MM5 forecasts by the largest margin at locations with the lowest wind speed variability. Raw model and MOS performance exhibited minimal sensitivity to variations in model initial and lateral boundary conditions (derived from the forecasts of either the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Eta Model or the Aviation run of the Global Spectral Model). MOS temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed forecasts were equal to or more skillful than human-generated forecasts produced by the Olympic Forecast Team. The results illustrate that statistical techniques continue to improve upon purely numerical predictions even at high resolution. This is particularly true in a region of complex terrain where detailed characteristics of local topography and microclimates remain unresolved. It is recommended that traditional MOS or other statistical techniques based on high-density surface observations available from the MesoWest cooperative networks be used to improve gridded forecast products created by the National Weather Service Interactive Forecast Preparation System (IFPS) and other applications. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Hart, KA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, 135 South 1460 East,Room 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM khart@met.utah.edu NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 200 EP 218 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0200:AEOMMO>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 807CV UT WOS:000220480500002 ER PT J AU Christopherson, K Morrison, ML AF Christopherson, K Morrison, ML TI Influence of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) on small mammals in central California SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE small mammals; rodents; yellow starthistle; Centaurea solstitialis; Beale Air Force Base; Yuba County; California ID HABITAT QUALITY; VALLEY AB Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) is native to Europe and Asia and has quickly invaded disturbed grasslands and rangelands in the western United States. The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of starthistle on rodents at Beale Air Force Base, Yuba County, California, by examining rodent species diversity, species abundance, age structure, and reproductive condition among locations with low, medium, and high percent cover and height of starthistle. Listed in decreasing order of abundance, the rodents were house mouse (Mus musculus), California vole (Microtus californicus), deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis), and roof rat (Rattus rattus). Indices of diversity did not differ among starthistle cover categories. Regression analyses showed that Reithrodontomys megalotis was more abundant in high-cover starthistle plots, with 90.5% of captures occurring in at least 40% starthistle cover. Significant differences were found in capture rates, reproduction, and age between season only To manage for all rodent species, an area with medium percent cover and height of starthistle will likely provide adequate protective cover. C1 Beale AFB Environm Flight, Beale AFB, CA 95904 USA. Univ Nevada, Great Basin Inst, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Christopherson, K (reprint author), Beale AFB Environm Flight, 9 CES-CEV,6601 B St, Beale AFB, CA 95904 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2004 VL 64 IS 2 BP 202 EP 207 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 820ND UT WOS:000221395500007 ER PT J AU Webb, DF Allen, JH AF Webb, DF Allen, JH TI Spacecraft and ground anomalies related to the October-November 2003 solar activity SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB During two weeks in late October and early November 2003, a series of large solar events led to high levels of energetic particles in geospace and produced overlapping large geomagnetic storms on 28-30 October. These storms caused effects ranging from power grid failures to satellite shutdowns. A Japanese satellite was lost completely, the U. S. Federal Aviation Administration issued its first-ever high radiation dosage alert for high-altitude aircraft, and astronauts in the International Space Station had to retreat into their heavily shielded service module. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Sci Comm Solar Terr Phys, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Webb, DF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. NR 1 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAR 31 PY 2004 VL 2 IS 3 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 908AO UT WOS:000227759700001 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Mi, K Tsao, S Zhang, W Lim, H O'Sullivan, T Sills, T Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Tidrow, MZ AF Jiang, J Mi, K Tsao, S Zhang, W Lim, H O'Sullivan, T Sills, T Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Tidrow, MZ TI Demonstration of a 256 x 256 middle-wavelength infrared focal plane array based on InGaAs/InGaP quantum dot infrared photodetectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report a demonstration of an infrared focal plane array based on InGaAs/InGaP quantum dot infrared photodetectors. The middle-wavelength infrared.-quantum-dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) structure was. grown via low-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition. A detectivity of 3.6x10(10) cmHz(1/2)/W was achieved at T=95 and a bias of -1.4 V. The background limited temperature of our QDIP was 140 K with a 45degrees field of view. A 256x256 detector array was fabricated with dry etching; and hybridized to a Litton readout chip by indium bumps. Thermal imaging was achieved at temperatures up to 120 K. At T=77 K, the noise equivalent temperature difference was measured as 0.509 K with a 300 K background and f/2.3 optics. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Missile Def Agcy, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@ece.northwestern.edu RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 14 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 29 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 13 BP 2232 EP 2234 DI 10.1063/1.1688000 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 808TN UT WOS:000220591500004 ER PT J AU Heo, YW Ivill, MP Ip, K Norton, DP Pearton, SJ Kelly, JG Rairigh, R Hebard, AF Steiner, T AF Heo, YW Ivill, MP Ip, K Norton, DP Pearton, SJ Kelly, JG Rairigh, R Hebard, AF Steiner, T TI Effects of high-dose Mn implantation into ZnO grown on sapphire SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPED ZNO; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FERROMAGNETISM; BULK AB ZnO films, grown by pulsed-laser deposition on c-plane Al2O3 substrates were annealed at temperatures up to-600degreesC to produce n-type carrier concentrations in the range 7.5x10(15)-1.5x10(20) cm(-3). After high-dose (3x10(16) cm(-2)) Mn implantation and subsequent annealing at 600degreesC, all the films show n-type carrier concentrations in the range 2-5x10(20) cm(-3) and room temperature hysteresis in magnetization loops. The saturation magnetization and coercivity of the implanted single-phase films were both strong functions of the initial anneal temperature, suggesting that carrier concentration alone cannot account for the magnetic, properties of ZnO:Mn, and that factors such as crystalline quality and residual defects play a role. (C)2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Heo, YW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear.@mse.ufl.edu NR 29 TC 144 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 29 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 13 BP 2292 EP 2294 DI 10.1063/1.1690111 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 808TN UT WOS:000220591500024 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Lyons, CB Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Lyons, CB Tan, LS TI Efficient synthesis of hyperbranched polyetherketones (PEKs) from A3+B2 polymerization by using different monomer solubility in reaction medium. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 261822, Chungbuk, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA POLY-202 BP U377 EP U377 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701990 ER PT J AU Bai, ZW Williams, LD Durstock, MF Dang, TD AF Bai, ZW Williams, LD Durstock, MF Dang, TD TI Properties and proton conductivities of highly sulfonated polyarylenethioether sulfones for fuel cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Polymer Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AFRL MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zongwu.bai@wpafb.af.mil; thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 416-POLY BP U427 EP U427 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702204 ER PT J AU Boatz, JA Hinde, RJ Sheehy, JA Langhoff, PW AF Boatz, JA Hinde, RJ Sheehy, JA Langhoff, PW TI Theory of open-shell metal atoms in cryogenic clusters. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Chem, Huntsville, AL USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Prop Res Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercom Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM Jerry.Boatz@edwards.af.mil; langhoff@drifter.sdsc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 305-PHYS BP U304 EP U305 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701547 ER PT J AU Brott, LL Naik, RR Davidson, SR Perrin, RE Stone, MO AF Brott, LL Naik, RR Davidson, SR Perrin, RE Stone, MO TI Creation of a biomimetic infrared sensor. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, MAt & Mfg Directorate, AFRL Wright PAtterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lawrence.brott@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 233-PMSE BP U525 EP U525 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702685 ER PT J AU Castle, KJ Kleissas, KM Gherghisan, CM Dodd, JA AF Castle, KJ Kleissas, KM Gherghisan, CM Dodd, JA TI Laboratory studies of CO2(nu(2))-O vibrational energy transfer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Bucknell Univ, Dept Chem, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. USAF, VSBYM, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM kcastle@bucknell.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 477-PHYS BP U331 EP U331 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701719 ER PT J AU Chambreau, SD Hwang, ES Dodd, JA AF Chambreau, SD Hwang, ES Dodd, JA TI High-flux, tunable-velocity supersonic atomic oxygen beam source SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, VSBY, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. USAF, Stewart Radiance Lab, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. USAF, VSBYM, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM Steven.Chambreau@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 462-PHYS BP U329 EP U329 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701704 ER PT J AU Chen, CG Benson, TT AF Chen, CG Benson, TT TI Influence on morphology from the pendent group of the organoclay in epoxy nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmet Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Chenggang.Chen@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 114-POLY BP U365 EP U365 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701902 ER PT J AU Clarkson, AW Rohrbough, JG Hicks, BW AF Clarkson, AW Rohrbough, JG Hicks, BW TI Development of food-based vaccines for salmonids for inoculation against infectious hematopoetic necrosis virus and, potentially, whirling disease. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM c03arthur.clarkson@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 168-CHED BP U427 EP U428 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655601452 ER PT J AU Clarson, SJ Hagen, JA Johnson, EM Schulte, MD Zeik, DB Grote, JG Bunning, TJ AF Clarson, SJ Hagen, JA Johnson, EM Schulte, MD Zeik, DB Grote, JG Bunning, TJ TI Plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. AFRL, MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, WPAFB, Washington, DC USA. EM stephen.clarson@uc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 642-POLY BP U461 EP U461 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702430 ER PT J AU Cooper, TM McLean, DG Hall, BC Rogers, JE Blaudeau, JP Burke, AR AF Cooper, TM McLean, DG Hall, BC Rogers, JE Blaudeau, JP Burke, AR TI Synthesis and characterization of novel platinum acetylide oligomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Cooper@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 242-INOR BP U1403 EP U1403 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655604600 ER PT J AU Deng, JJ Farmer-Creely, CE Viers, BD Anseth, J Fuller, GG Esker, AR AF Deng, JJ Farmer-Creely, CE Viers, BD Anseth, J Fuller, GG Esker, AR TI Unique interfacial morphologies and rheological properties of trisilanolcyclohexyl-POSS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Chem 0212, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USAF, PRSM, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jideng1@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 617-POLY BP U457 EP U457 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702405 ER PT J AU Dodd, JA Castle, KJ Hwang, ES DeBoer, GD AF Dodd, JA Castle, KJ Hwang, ES DeBoer, GD TI Analysis of IR chemiluminescent products from gas-phase ethene-O-atom interactions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. LeTourneau Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Longview, TX USA. LeTourneau Univ, Stewart Radiance Lab, Longview, TX USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Chem, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM James.Dodd@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 416-PHYS BP U322 EP U322 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701658 ER PT J AU Dudis, DS AF Dudis, DS TI Modeling of electronically conjugated materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Polymer Grp, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM doug.dudis@afrl.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 486-PHYS BP U332 EP U332 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701728 ER PT J AU Esker, AR Vastine, BA Deng, JJ Ferguson, MK Morris, JR Satija, SK Viers, BD AF Esker, AR Vastine, BA Deng, JJ Ferguson, MK Morris, JR Satija, SK Viers, BD TI Langmuir-Blodgett films of POSS derivatives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Chem 0212, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USAF, PRSM, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM aesker@vt.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 612-POLY BP U456 EP U456 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702400 ER PT J AU Fernandez, A Midey, AJ Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Fernandez, A Midey, AJ Miller, TM Viggiano, AA TI Rate constants and products of the reactions of POxCly- ions with O-2, and O-3 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 07131 USA. EM abel.fernandez@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 344-PHYS BP U311 EP U311 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701586 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Bellayer, S Awad, W Gilman, JW Davis, RD Maupin, PH De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Fox, DM Bellayer, S Awad, W Gilman, JW Davis, RD Maupin, PH De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI Application of trialkylimidazolium liquids and salts to the preparation of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites and polymer-carbon nanotube nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USN, Div Chem, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Off Sci, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC USA. EM dmfox@ccs.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 640-POLY BP U461 EP U461 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702428 ER PT J AU Haddad, TS Largo, SR Gonzalez, RI Schlaefer, C AF Haddad, TS Largo, SR Gonzalez, RI Schlaefer, C TI Specific refractive index increments for isobutyl POSS-polystyrene copolymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, AFRL PRSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM timothy.haddad@edwards.af.mil; sherly.largo@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 525-POLY BP U444 EP U444 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702313 ER PT J AU Haddad, TS Moore, BM Gonzalez, RI Schlaefer, C AF Haddad, TS Moore, BM Gonzalez, RI Schlaefer, C TI Reactivity ratios of isobutyl POSS-styrene and styrene monomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, ERC Corp, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93536 USA. USAF, AFRL PRSM, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM timothy.haddad@edwards.af.mil; brian.moore@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 519-POLY BP U443 EP U443 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702307 ER PT J AU Haiges, R Schneider, S Schroer, T Christe, K AF Haiges, R Schneider, S Schroer, T Christe, K TI N5+HF2-(NHF). Synthesis, properties and reaction chemistry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, USAF, Res Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM haiges@usc.edu; christe@methyl.usc.edu RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 001-FLUO BP U1064 EP U1064 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655603639 ER PT J AU Harvey, GJ O' Lear, JR AF Harvey, GJ O' Lear, JR TI Perchlorate in marine based fertilizers and food supplements SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gregory.Harvey@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 042-AGRO BP U63 EP U64 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655600211 ER PT J AU Hottle, JR Vastine, BA Gonzalez, RI Esker, AR AF Hottle, JR Vastine, BA Gonzalez, RI Esker, AR TI Ultrathin polystyrene/POSS blends SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem 0212, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USAF, AFRL PRSM, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM jhottle@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 532-POLY BP U445 EP U445 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702320 ER PT J AU Juhl, S Ha, YH Chan, E Ward, V Smith, A Doakland, T Thomas, EL Vaia, R AF Juhl, S Ha, YH Chan, E Ward, V Smith, A Doakland, T Thomas, EL Vaia, R TI Bioharvesting: Optical characteristics of Wisenia iridovirus assemblies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Otago, Dept Microbiol, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI Chan, Edwin/G-1904-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 195-PMSE BP U519 EP U519 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702647 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Deng, JJ Hottle, JR Hoyt, JK Riffle, JS Viers, BD Esker, AR AF Kim, HJ Deng, JJ Hottle, JR Hoyt, JK Riffle, JS Viers, BD Esker, AR TI Aggregation mechanism of trisilanolisobutyl-POSS Langmuir films at the air/water interface: Poly(dimethylsiloxane) polarity effects SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USAF, PRSM, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM hykim8@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 350-POLY BP U416 EP U417 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702138 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM Vij, A Viers, BD Blanski, RL Gonzalez, RI Schlaefer, C AF Mabry, JM Vij, A Viers, BD Blanski, RL Gonzalez, RI Schlaefer, C TI Fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, PRSM, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 615-POLY BP U457 EP U457 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702403 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM Weber, WP AF Mabry, JM Weber, WP TI Novel thermal crosslinking of siloxanes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, AFRL PRSM, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 514-POLY BP U442 EP U442 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702302 ER PT J AU Midey, A Popovic, S Fernandez, A Williams, S Viggiano, AA Zhang, P Irle, S Morokuma, K AF Midey, A Popovic, S Fernandez, A Williams, S Viggiano, AA Zhang, P Irle, S Morokuma, K TI Reactions of atmospherically important nitrogen ion species at high temperatures: Experiment and theory. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM Anthony.Midey@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 299-PHYS BP U304 EP U304 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701541 ER PT J AU Orris, GJ Harvey, GJ AF Orris, GJ Harvey, GJ TI Detection of perchlorate in arid regions of the southwestern US SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM greta@swfo.arizona.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 103-AGRO BP U74 EP U74 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655600272 ER PT J AU Pastewait, MF Morgan, ME AF Pastewait, MF Morgan, ME TI Virtual orbital studies of ionic liquids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM C04Matthew.Pastewait@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 320-CHED BP U451 EP U451 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655601603 ER PT J AU Phelps, DK Scocozzo, NJ AF Phelps, DK Scocozzo, NJ TI Application of Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo simulation to phase diagram of 2-butoxyethanol-H2O SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRTG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM donald.phelps@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 418-PHYS BP U322 EP U322 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701660 ER PT J AU Pitotti, CJ Pyati, R Balaich, GJ Johnson, JE Heimer, NE AF Pitotti, CJ Pyati, R Balaich, GJ Johnson, JE Heimer, NE TI Synthesis of the C-2-symmetric [2]-ferrocenophane, rac-[Fe(eta(5)-C5H2Bu2T)(2)(CHBUT)(2)]: Spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. EM C04Christopher.pitotti@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 783-INOR BP U1526 EP U1526 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655605141 ER PT J AU Putthanarat, S Magoshi, J Tanaka, T Ott, D Juhl, S Stone, MO Eby, R AF Putthanarat, S Magoshi, J Tanaka, T Ott, D Juhl, S Stone, MO Eby, R TI Silk/green fluorescent protein (GFP) membranes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. CREST, Natl Inst Agrobiol Resources, Tokyo, Japan. RIKEN, Polymer Chem Lab, Wako, Saitama, Japan. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM sirina@uakron.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 417-POLY BP U427 EP U427 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702205 ER PT J AU Spain, JC AF Spain, JC TI Biodegradation pathways as sources of novel biocatalysts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, AFRL MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM jim.spain@tyndall.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 142-PMSE BP U510 EP U510 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655702594 ER PT J AU Tan, LS Kannan, R Dombroskie, AG Simko, SR Houtz, MD He, GS Lin, TC Prasad, PN AF Tan, LS Kannan, R Dombroskie, AG Simko, SR Houtz, MD He, GS Lin, TC Prasad, PN TI Synthesis and characterization of thermally cross-linkable, two-photon responsive chromophores SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 AFRL, Polymer Branch, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Polymer Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA POLY-132 BP U367 EP U368 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701920 ER PT J AU Venkatasubramanian, N Dang, TD Dalton, MJ Williams, LD Bentley, HJ Monter, RP Fries-Carr, S AF Venkatasubramanian, N Dang, TD Dalton, MJ Williams, LD Bentley, HJ Monter, RP Fries-Carr, S TI Advanced polymer dielectrics for capacitive energy storage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wright Technol Network, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. AFRL, Elect Technol Branch, PRPE, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM narayanan.venkat@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA POLY-149 BP U370 EP U370 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701937 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA AF Viggiano, AA TI Ion-molecule reactions at high temperature and pressure: Ionospheric and combustion related applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th ACS National Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 527-PHYS BP U338 EP U338 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AK UT WOS:000223655701767 ER PT J AU Vij, A Wilson, WW AF Vij, A Wilson, WW TI Effect of ligand coordination on complex formation: Synthesis and structural studies of metal(I) salts of bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and pentafluorooxotellurium(VI) and their arene complexes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM ashwani.vij@edwards.af.mil RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 006-FLUO BP U1064 EP U1065 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655603644 ER PT J AU Vij, A Vij, V Haiges, R Christe, K AF Vij, A Vij, V Haiges, R Christe, K TI Polynitrogen chemistry: Recent developments in pentazole and polyazide chemistry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEDM Synthesis Grp, PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, ERC, AFRL, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM ashwani.vij@edwards.af.mil RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 965-INOR BP U1556 EP U1556 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655605323 ER PT J AU Watson, JC Morgan, ME AF Watson, JC Morgan, ME TI Density function calculations applied to virtual orbitals. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Watson@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 294-CHED BP U447 EP U447 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655601577 ER PT J AU Zabinski, JS Eapen, KC Phillips, BS Mantz, RA Nainaparampil, JJ AF Zabinski, JS Eapen, KC Phillips, BS Mantz, RA Nainaparampil, JJ TI Lubrication of MEMS by ionic liquids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 2004 VL 227 MA 161-COLL BP U829 EP U829 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851AJ UT WOS:000223655602782 ER PT J AU Zeng, W Horwitz, JL Craven, PD Rich, FJ Moore, TE AF Zeng, W Horwitz, JL Craven, PD Rich, FJ Moore, TE TI The O+ density trough at 5000 km altitude in the polar cap SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE density trough; TIDE; polar cap; DMSP ID MASS-SPECTROMETER OBSERVATIONS; CLEFT ION FOUNTAIN; F-REGION; WIND; IONOSPHERE; MAGNETOPAUSE; OUTFLOW; MODEL; FLOWS AB At altitudes near 5000 km over the southern polar cap region of the terrestrial magnetosphere/ionosphere, the Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment ( TIDE) on board the Polar satellite has observed O+ ion density trough regions, in which the O+ densities were at least one order of magnitude lower than the surrounding O+ densities. In the O+ density trough regions, the estimated O+ densities were generally lower than 0.01 per cc. The boundaries between normal density level regions and the trough density regions were usually abrupt transitions. From 1 December 1997 to 30 November 1998, polar cap O+ troughs in Polar/TIDE observations occurred at a frequency of about 48%. Statistical examination of the Polar perigee observations from 1 December 1997 to 30 November 1998 shows that the Polar perigee passes evenly covered the southern polar cap region, while the O+ density trough was always located on the nightside portion of the polar cap magnetosphere/ionosphere, and that invariant latitude spans of such troughs could be as large as 23degrees in extent. The trough occurrence displayed a strong seasonal dependence; in the winter season (e.g., for July in the Southern Hemisphere) the O+ ion density trough occurrence frequency ranged up to 92%, while in the summer season (e.g., for January in the Southern Hemisphere) it decreased to as low as 15%. Our statistical results show that the trough occurrence was generally anticorrelated with solar wind dynamic pressure in the solar wind dynamic pressure range 0.8-2.6 nanopascal. The O+ ion density trough occurrence appeared relatively independent of the geomagnetic Kp index, IMF Bz, and By conditions. However, as suggested by the seasonal dependence, the O+ ion density trough occurrence was strongly related to the solar zenith angle (SZA). In the SZA range 50degrees to 125degrees, the trough occurrence increased monotonically with SZA. In addition, we sought to determine consistent density and velocity signatures at lower altitudes associated the O+ ion density trough at 5000 km by examining the near-simultaneous O+ densities and vertical velocities observed by the DMSP satellite group orbiting at 840 km altitude. However, consistent correlations between the dual altitudes were not reliably established from the present examinations. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zeng, W (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM zengw@cspar.uah.edu; horwitzj@cspar.uah.edu; paul.craven@msfc.nasa.gov; frederick.rich@hanscom.af.mil; thomas.e.moore@nasa.gov RI Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012 OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 27 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A3 AR A03220 DI 10.1029/2003JA010210 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 809GT UT WOS:000220625900002 ER PT J AU Bell, TF Inan, US Platino, M Pickett, JS Kossey, PA Kennedy, EJ AF Bell, TF Inan, US Platino, M Pickett, JS Kossey, PA Kennedy, EJ TI CLUSTER observations of lower hybrid waves excited at high altitudes by electromagnetic whistler mode signals from the HAARP facility SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VLF TRANSMITTER SIGNALS; IONOSPHERE; DE-1 AB We report new observations from the CLUSTER spacecraft of strong excitation of lower hybrid (LH) waves by electromagnetic (EM) whistler mode waves at altitudes greater than or equal to20,000 km outside the plasmasphere. Previous observations of this phenomenon occurred at altitudes less than or equal to7000 km. The excitation mechanism appears to be linear mode coupling in the presence of small scale plasma density irregularities. These observations provide strong evidence that EM whistler mode waves are continuously transformed into LH waves as the whistler mode waves propagate at high altitudes beyond Lsimilar to4. This may explain the lack of lightning generated whistlers observed in this same region of space. C1 Stanford Univ, STAR Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bell, TF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, STAR Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bell@nova.stanford.edu NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 AR L06811 DI 10.1029/2003GL018855 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 809EZ UT WOS:000220621300001 ER PT J AU Crooker, NU Huang, CL Lamassa, SM Larson, DE Kahler, SW Spence, HE AF Crooker, NU Huang, CL Lamassa, SM Larson, DE Kahler, SW Spence, HE TI Heliospheric plasma sheets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sector boundary; heliospheric current sheet; magnetic holes ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; CORONAL STREAMERS; SMALL-SCALE; ELECTRONS; ORIGIN; SPACECRAFT; FLUX; 1-AU AB As a high-beta feature on scales of hours or less, the heliospheric plasma sheet (HPS) encasing the heliospheric current sheet shows a high degree of variability. A study of 52 sector boundaries identified in electron pitch angle spectrograms in Wind data from 1995 reveals that only half concur with both high-beta plasma and current sheets, as required for an HPS. The remaining half lack either a plasma sheet or current sheet or both. A complementary study of 37 high-beta events reveals that only 5 contain sector boundaries while nearly all (34) contain local magnetic field reversals, however brief. We conclude that high-beta plasma sheets surround current sheets but that most of these current sheets are associated with fields turned back on themselves. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that high-beta plasma sheets, both at and away from sector boundaries, are the heliospheric counterparts of the small coronal transients observed at the tips of helmet streamers, in which case the proposed mechanism for their release, interchange reconnection, could be responsible for the field inversions. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Crooker, NU (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM crooker@bu.edu; hcl@bu-ast.bu.edu; slamassa@yahoo.com; davin@ssl.berkeley.edu; stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil; spence@bu.edu RI Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 NR 31 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 26 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A3 AR A03107 DI 10.1029/2003JA010170 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 809GR UT WOS:000220625700001 ER PT J AU Crooker, NU Kahler, SW Larson, DE Lin, RP AF Crooker, NU Kahler, SW Larson, DE Lin, RP TI Large-scale magnetic field inversions at sector boundaries SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE heliospheric current sheet; coronal mass ejection ID HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; ELECTRONS; PLASMA; FLUX; POLARITIES; SPACECRAFT; TOPOLOGY; REGIONS AB During the declining phase of the last solar cycle the Wind spacecraft observed a quasi-recurrent pattern of mismatches between sector boundaries identified in suprathermal electron pitch angle spectrograms and in magnetic field data alone. Intervals of mismatch imply the presence of magnetic fields that are locally inverted or turned back on themselves in a way that is intrinsic to the sector boundary. We analyze eight cases of inversion during nine successive solar rotations in 1994-1995. These range in duration from 15 to 53 hours. In most the inversions are incomplete in a systematic way: Rather than pointing opposite to its true polarity along the Parker spiral, the magnetic field hovers at an orientation more nearly orthogonal to it, always in the sense of decreasing azimuth angle. The inversion pattern is consistent with passage through coronal streamer belt loops, in which the polarity of the two legs of each loop matches the sector structure and where one leg has been released from the Sun through interchange reconnection. There are four possible variations of this pattern, depending on the sense of polarity change across the sector boundary and on whether the leading or trailing leg has been released. The latter determines whether the sector boundary or the local field reversal passes first. Three of the four variations are represented in the eight cases. Plasma parameters in the inversions are typical of the slow wind. While some cases display signatures of interplanetary coronal mass ejections, many do not. Thus the inversions may represent the quiet, quasi-steady end of a spectrum of large-scale transient outflows. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Crooker, NU (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM crooker@bu.edu; stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil; davin@ssl.berkeley.edu; rlin@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 28 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 26 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A3 AR A03108 DI 10.1029/2003JA010278 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 809GR UT WOS:000220625700002 ER PT J AU Catano, OG Kulkarni, H Bock, A Ahuja, S Dolan, M Ahuja, SK AF Catano, OG Kulkarni, H Bock, A Ahuja, S Dolan, M Ahuja, SK TI Differential effects of the Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) gene polymorphisms on progression to death in HIV-infected individuals SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting CY APR 17-21, 2004 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 24 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP A1144 EP A1144 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 806ZB UT WOS:000220470701838 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Tsao, S O'Sullivan, T Zhang, W Lim, H Sills, T Mi, K Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Tidrow, MZ AF Jiang, J Tsao, S O'Sullivan, T Zhang, W Lim, H Sills, T Mi, K Razeghi, M Brown, GJ Tidrow, MZ TI High detectivity InGaAs/InGaP quantum-dot infrared photodetectors grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DARK CURRENT; WAVELENGTH; DETECTORS AB We report a high detectivity middle-wavelength infrared quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP). The InGaAs quantum dots were grown by self-assembly on an InGaP matrix via low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Photoresponse was observed at temperatures above 200 K with a peak wavelength of 4.7 mum and cutoff wavelength of 5.2 mum. The background limited performance temperature was 140 K, and this was attributed to the super low dark current observed in this QDIP. A detectivity of 3.6x10(10) cm Hz(1/2)/W, which is comparable to the state-of-the-art quantum well infrared photodetectors in a similar wavelength range, was obtained for this InGaAs/InGaP QDIP at both T=77 K and T=95 K at biases of -1.6 and -1.4 V, respectively. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Missile Def Agcy, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Jiang, J (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@ece.northwestern.edu RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 20 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 12 BP 2166 EP 2168 DI 10.1063/1.1688982 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 803ZH UT WOS:000220268500052 ER PT J AU Brooks, GP Powers, JM AF Brooks, GP Powers, JM TI A Karhunen-Loeve least-squares technique for optimization of geometry of a blunt body in supersonic flow SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Karhunen-Loeve; least-squares; shock-fitting; optimal design; Euler equations; pseudospectral method ID AERODYNAMIC SHAPE OPTIMIZATION; TURBULENT THERMAL-CONVECTION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; HEAT-TRANSFER PROBLEM; EMPIRICAL REDUCTION; ADJOINT FORMULATION; COHERENT STRUCTURES; PARALLEL COMPUTERS; MODE REDUCTION; FINITE DOMAIN AB A novel Karhunen-Loeve (KL) least-squares model for the supersonic How of an inviscid, calorically perfect ideal gas about an axisymmetric blunt body employing shock-fitting is developed; the KL least-squares model is used to accurately select an optimal configuration which minimizes drag. Accuracy and efficiency of the KL method is compared to a pseudospectral method employing global Lagrange interpolating polynomials. KL modes are derived from pseudospectral solutions at Mach 3.5 from a uniform sampling of the design space and subsequently employed as the trial functions for a least-squares method of weighted residuals. Results are presented showing the high accuracy of the method with less than 10 KL modes. Close agreement is found between the optimal geometry found using the KL model to that found from the pseudospectral solver. Not including the cost of sampling the design space and building the KL model, the KL least-squares method requires less than half the central processing unit time as the pseudospectral method to achieve the same level of accuracy. A decrease in computational cost of several orders of magnitude as reported in the literature when comparing the KL method against discrete solvers is shown not to hold for the current problem. The efficiency is lost because the nature of the nonlinearity renders a priori evaluation of certain necessary integrals impossible, requiring as a consequence many costly reevaluations of the integrals. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Powers, JM (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM Gregory.Brooks@wpafb.af.mil; powers@nd.edu RI Powers, Joseph/A-7086-2013 OI Powers, Joseph/0000-0001-8694-8369 NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 20 PY 2004 VL 195 IS 1 BP 387 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.08.030 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 804OX UT WOS:000220309100016 ER PT J AU Moore, RA Berner, ES AF Moore, RA Berner, ES TI Assessing graduate programs for healthcare information management/technology (HIM/T) executives SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the IMIA-Working-Group-on-Education CY APR 23-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IMIA Working Grp Educ DE curriculum; health informatics; evaluation; chief information officers (CIO); professional certification; graduate education AB This paper describes a methodology to assess health/medicat informatics graduate-level. education curricula. The authors used the Certified Professional in Healthcare Information Management Systems (CPHIMS) exam objectives published by the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) as the basis for their assessment. The authors compared the 69 CPHIMS exam objectives against four health/medical informatics program course objectives as stated in the selected program's online graduate catalog. Results showed that the two programs with management as a focus addressed the majority (67 and 59%) of the CPHIMS objectives within core and elective courses combined. Overall, the other two programs addressed closer to a third of the CPHIMS objectives (36 and 32%). This methodology could prove to be useful in assisting students interested in graduate-Level training programs with a tool. by which to measure the congruence of the curricula of different programs with the mission of the programs and with their own professional interests. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. USAF, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Moore, RA (reprint author), OASD, HA, TMA, Skyline 6,5109 Leesburg Pike,Ste 817, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. OI Berner, Eta/0000-0003-4319-2949 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 1386-5056 J9 INT J MED INFORM JI Int. J. Med. Inform. PD MAR 18 PY 2004 VL 73 IS 2 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2003.12.002 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 814ZX UT WOS:000221013700015 PM 15063380 ER PT J AU Williams, S Knighton, WB Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA Irle, S Wang, QF Morokuma, K AF Williams, S Knighton, WB Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA Irle, S Wang, QF Morokuma, K TI Oxidation of alkyl ions, CnH2n+1+ (n=1-5), in reactions with O-2 and O-3 in the gas phase SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC POPULATION ANALYSIS; INTRINSIC REACTION COORDINATE; MOLECULAR WAVE FUNCTIONS; PROTON AFFINITY; REACTION PATHS; ATOMIC OXYGEN; POSITIVE-IONS; ENERGY; OZONE; CYCLOPROPANE AB Rate constants and product ion branching fractions are reported for the reactions of CH3+, C2H5+, s-C3H7+, s-C4H9+, t-C4H9+, and t-C5H11+ with 02 and 03 at 300 K in a variable-temperature selected-ion flow tube (VT-SIFT). The reaction rate constant for CH3+ with 03 is large and approximately equal to-the thermal energy capture rate constant given by the Su-Chesnavich equation. The C2H5+, s-H-3(7)+, and sC(4)H(9)(+) ions are somewhat less reactive, reacting at approximately 7-46% of the thermal capture rate. The HCO+ and C2H3O+ ions are the major products in these reactions. The t-C4H9+ and t-C5H11+ ions are found to be unreactive, with rate constants <5 x 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1), which is the present detection limit of our apparatus using this ozone source. Ozone is a singlet in its ground state, and ab initio calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory indicate that reactant complexes can be formed, decreasing in stability with the size of alkyl chains attached to the cationic carbon atom. The decreasing reactivity of the alkyl ions with increasing order of the carbocation is attributed to a greatly reduced O-3 binding energy. The ions listed above do not undergo two-body reactions with O-2, k < 5 x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1), despite the availability of reaction channels with exothermicities of several hundred kilojoules per mole. Ab initio calculations at the Bl3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory indicate that the O-2 reaction systems form weak complexes with large C-O bond distances (repulsive at smaller distances) on the lowest energy triplet potential energy surface. Access to the singlet surface is required for bond formation; however, this surface is not accessible at thermal energies. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Williams, S (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Irle, Stephan/E-8984-2011 OI Irle, Stephan/0000-0003-4995-4991 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 18 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 11 BP 1980 EP 1989 DI 10.1021/jp031099+ PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 803ZC UT WOS:000220268000014 ER PT J AU Anwar, AFM Islam, SS Webster, RT AF Anwar, AFM Islam, SS Webster, RT TI Carrier trapping and current collapse mechanism in GaN metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS AB A mechanism for current collapse in GaN metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors is proposed, which assumes the existence of acceptor traps with multiple states in the band gap. Current collapse has been experimentally observed in the current-voltage characteristic after the drain voltage sweep had exceeded the threshold for impact ionization in a previous measurement. In the proposed model, electrons generated by impact ionization are captured by neutral acceptor trap states in the substrate located above the valence band. The charged trap states move to an energy level located near midgap, creating a positively charged depletion region in the channel, and causing current collapse. With increasing drain bias, the quasi-Fermi level approaches the charged trap states at the drain end of the gate, initiating detrapping of the electrons and restoring the current. The calculated results show good agreement with published experimental data. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Anwar, AFM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM anwara@engr.uconn.edu NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 11 BP 1970 EP 1972 DI 10.1063/1.1682700 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 802SG UT WOS:000220182600052 ER PT J AU He, GS Lin, TC Dai, JM Prasad, PN Kannan, R Dombroskie, AG Vaia, RA Tan, LS AF He, GS Lin, TC Dai, JM Prasad, PN Kannan, R Dombroskie, AG Vaia, RA Tan, LS TI Degenerate two-photon-absorption spectral studies of highly two-photon active organic chromophores SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WHITE-LIGHT CONTINUUM; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PHOTORADIATION THERAPY; PICOSECOND CONTINUUM; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; CROSS-SECTION; LASER-PULSES; GENERATION; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION AB Degenerate two-photon absorption (TPA) spectral properties of five AFX chromophore solutions have been studied using a single and spectrally dispersed sub-picosecond white-light continuum beam. In a specially designed optical configuration, optical pathways inside the sample solution for different spectral components of the focused continuum beam were spatially separated from each other. Thus, the nondegenerate TPA processes coming from different spectral components can be eliminated, and the direct nonlinear absorption spectrum attributed to degenerate TPA processes can be readily obtained. Using this new technique, the complete TPA spectra for these five highly two-photon-active compounds (AF-380, AF-350, AF-295, AF-270, and AF-50) were obtained in the spectral range from 600 to 950 nm on an absolute scale of TPA cross section. The relationship between the molecular structures and their TPA spectral behaviors are discussed. In general the measured TPA spectra are not identical with the linear absorption spectra on the scale of absorbed photon(s) energy. Moreover, for some sample (such as AF-380), the TPA spectrum is totally different from the linear spectrum, which implies the difference of molecular transition pathways and selection rules for one- and two-photon excitation processes. At high excitation intensity levels (greater than or equal to 15 GW/cm(2)) the saturation behavior of TPA transition can be observed obviously in AF-350 and AF-380 solutions that exhibit much higher nonlinear absorptivity than the other chromophores investigated. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP He, GS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM gshe@acsu.buffalo.edu RI Dai, Jianming/D-2106-2009; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 70 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 11 BP 5275 EP 5284 DI 10.1063/1.1647537 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 803IO UT WOS:000220225000035 PM 15267399 ER PT J AU Malas, JC Venugopal, S Seshacharyulu, T AF Malas, JC Venugopal, S Seshacharyulu, T TI Effect of microstructural complexity on the hot deformation behavior of aluminum alloy 2024 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE aluminum; hot deformation; microstructure ID ALUMINUM AB Powder metallurgy (P/M) aluminum alloy 2024 (Al-2024) reinforced with SiC whiskers is difficult to shape-form because of microstructural complexities introduced by rapid solidification and whisker additions. In the present investigation, four forms of Al-2024, viz. ingot, wrought, P/M, and P/M with 20 v/o silicon-carbide whiskers (SiC,) were examined to understand the influence of structural complexity on the hot deformation microstructural mechanisms. The analyses using the concepts of activation energy and dynamic stability criteria revealed that the safe hot working window of Al-2024 narrows as the microstructural complexity increases. This experimental observation was also explained on the basis of information theory. Safe processing window identified for the composite was validated using scaled-up extrusion experiments and the influence of processing conditions on microstructural control was demonstrated. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Indira Gandhi Ctr Atom Res, Mat Dev Div, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Malas, JC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.malas@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 368 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.078 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 800VM UT WOS:000220055800005 ER PT J AU Putthanarat, S Tapadia, P Zarkoob, S Miller, LD Eby, RK Adams, WW AF Putthanarat, S Tapadia, P Zarkoob, S Miller, LD Eby, RK Adams, WW TI The color of dragline silk produced in captivity by the spider Nephila clavipes SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE color; dragline silk; N. clavipes ID MORPHOLOGY; WEB; ARANEIDAE; EVOLUTION; ARANEAE; FIBERS AB Fifty-six N. clavipes spiders from the same region of Florida were kept in captivity under the same conditions and fed a similar diet of crickets. Their major ampulate gglands were forcibly silked. Dates, silking times, and the colors of the dragline silk produced were recorded. The colors ranged from all white through various combinations of white and yellow upon different silkings to all yellow. If a spider had been producing white silk for at least 4 h, the color being produced could suddenly change to yellow 38% of the time. These observations indicate that factors beyond diet and environment influence the color of silk produced in captivity by forcible silking. They also indicate that the spiders store both pigmented and unpigmented silks and that some aspect of forcible silking precludes the spiders' choosing the color. The yellow and white silks exhibit similar exterior surface morphologies as well as similar tensile properties. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polit Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Eby, RK (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polit Sci, 170 Univ Ave, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM reby@uakron.edu RI Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1933 EP 1937 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.01.020 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 777ZQ UT WOS:000189214700023 ER PT J AU Orench, IP Putthanarat, S Calleja, FJB Eby, RK Stone, M AF Orench, IP Putthanarat, S Calleja, FJB Eby, RK Stone, M TI Ultra-microindentation at the surface of silk membranes SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE ultra-microindentation; B. mori; silk ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROHARDNESS; POLYPROPYLENE AB Ultra-microindentation was used to measure the microhardness and modulus of silk (Bombyx mori) membranes, cast from 20 to 80degreesC. The microhardness and modulus were determined from the loading/unloading curves. The membranes exhibit microhardness of about 400 MPa which is larger than the values for most common synthetic polymers (50-300 MPa) implying a greater scratch resistance. The moduli are of the order of those measured by the other means for B. mori silk membranes (5 GPa), and fibers (7 -11 GPa). There is some correlation between microhardness and the dimensions of the grains/nanofibrils, but none with surface roughness. The results extend the range of an empirical correlation between microhardness and modulus. The present data together with previous data from other polymers fit the equation, H = 0.55 E-0.74. with a correlation coefficient of 0.94. Finally, it is shown that elastic recovery of the silk membranes is an increasing function of the maximum load applied. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Estruct Mat, Madrid, Spain. Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Calleja, FJB (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Estruct Mat, Madrid, Spain. EM embalta@iem.cfmac.csic.es RI Puente Orench, Ines /K-4234-2013; OI Balta-Calleja, Francisco Jose/0000-0001-6690-3008 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAR 15 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2041 EP 2044 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.069 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 777ZQ UT WOS:000189214700033 ER PT J AU Bai, SJ Wu, CC Dang, TD Arnold, FE Sakaran, B AF Bai, SJ Wu, CC Dang, TD Arnold, FE Sakaran, B TI Tunable and white light-emitting diodes of monolayer fluorinated benzoxazole graft copolymers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; POLY(N-VINYLCARBAZOLE); POLYBENZOXAZOLES; LUMINESCENCE AB Coil-like graft copolymers of poly(A(m)-co-B(1-m)) containing identical heterocyclic aromatic benzoxazole with trifluoromethyl-ethyl as the backbone and pendants of monohydroxl (A(m)) and/or bidecyloxyl (B(1-m)) on their phenylene ring were studied for luminescence properties. The copolymers were synthesized with molar fraction m ranging from 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, to 1, and then dissolved and spun onto a Spectrosil(R) quartz slide or an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrate. The fluorescence properties of copolymers were investigated by ultraviolet-visible absorption covering 185 nm to 800 nm and photoluminescence (PL) emission excited at 363 nm. The PL results exhibited an excellent chromatic tuning, ranging from green to white emission as m decreased. Aluminum electron injectors were evaporated onto the copolymer/ITO unit making it into monolayer light-emitting diodes for current-voltage and electroluminescence (EL) responses. An emission threshold voltage of 6 V was achieved for all the monolayer copolymer devices. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of the EL emission were from (0.25, 0.53) to (0.24,0.31) covering a wide visible range including white light emission. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Bai, SJ (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. EM sjbai@mail.nsysu.edu.tw NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 8 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 10 BP 1656 EP 1658 DI 10.1063/1.1667262 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 780ML UT WOS:000189384900012 ER PT J AU Hoge, B Thosen, C Herrmann, T Vij, A AF Hoge, B Thosen, C Herrmann, T Vij, A TI Preparation and characterization of the argentates: [Ag{P(CF3)(2)}(2)](-), [Ag{(mu-P(CF3)(2))M(CO)(5)}(2)](-) (M= Cr, W), and [Ag{(mu-P(C6F5)(2))W(CO)(5)}2](-): X-ray crystal structure of [K(18-crown-6)][Ag{(mu-P(CF3)(2))Cr(CO)(5)}(II) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BRIDGED MULTINUCLEAR COMPLEXES; PENTACARBONYL TUNGSTEN; PHOSPHIDE COMPLEXES; ELEMENT-LIGANDS; REACTIVITY; PHOSPHORUS; ZN; AG AB The first example of a mononuclear diphosphanidoargentate, bis{bis(trifluoromethyl)phosphanido}argentate, [Ag{P(CF3)(2)}(2)](-), is obtained via the reaction of HP(CF3)(2) with [Ag(CN)(2)](-) and isolated as its [K(18-crown-6)] salt. When the cyclic phosphane (PCF3)(4) is reacted with a slight excess of [K(18-crown-6)][Ag{P(CF3)(2)}(2)], selective insertion of one PCF3 unit into each silver phosphorus bond is observed, which on the basis of NMR spectroscopic evidence suggests the [Ag{P(CF3)P(CF3)(2)}(2)](-) ion. On treatment of the phosphane complexes [M(CO)(5)PH(CF3)(2)] (M = Cr, W) with [K(18-crown-6)][Ag(CN)(2)], the analogous trinuclear argentates, [Ag{(mu-P(CF3)(2))M(CO)(5)}(2)](-), are formed. The chromium compound [K(18-crown-6)][Ag{(mu-P(CF3)(2))Cr(CO)(5)}(2)] crystallizes in a noncentrosymmetric space group Fdd2 (No. 43), a = 2970.2(6) pm, b = 1584.5(3) pm, c = 1787.0(4), V = 8.410(3) nm(3), Z = 8. The C-2 symmetric anion, [Ag{(mu-P(CF3)(2))Cr(CO)(5)}(2)](-), shows a nearly linear arrangement of the P-Ag-P unit. Although the bis(pentafluorophenyl)phosphanido compound [Ag{P(C6F5)(2)}(2)](-) has not been obtained so far, the synthesis of its trinuclear counterpart, [K(18-crown-6)][Ag{(mu-P(C6F5)(2))W(CO)(5)}(2)], was successful. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Anorgan Chem, D-50939 Cologne, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, PRS, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hoge, B (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Anorgan Chem, D-50939 Cologne, Germany. EM b.hoge@uni-koeln.de; ashwani.vij@edwards.af.mil RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Hoge, Berthold/A-4051-2015 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 8 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1659 EP 1666 DI 10.1021/ic034936v PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 801FS UT WOS:000220082400011 PM 14989658 ER PT J AU Troe, J Viggiano, AA Williams, S AF Troe, J Viggiano, AA Williams, S TI The reaction of O-2(+)+C8H10 (ethylbenzene) as a function of pressure and temperature. 2. Analysis of collisional energy transfer of highly excited C8H10+ SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ION FLOW TUBE; STATISTICAL ADIABATIC CHANNEL; SELECTIVE IONIZATION KCSI; SEC-BUTYL RADICALS; UNIMOLECULAR PROCESSES; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; RATE CONSTANTS; VIBRATIONAL DEACTIVATION; CHARGE-TRANSFER AB The pressure and temperature dependence of the stabilization vs dissociation yield of chemically activated ethylbenzene ions from the charge-transfer reaction O-2(+) + C8H10 --> O-2 + C8H10+ is analyzed. Combining the measured data with experimental specific rate constants, k(E), for dissociation of ethylbenzene ions from the literature allows absolute values of the product Z for energy transfer in the buffer gases He and N-2 to be derived. By assigning the collision frequency Z to the Langevin rate constant, the average energies transferred per collision for highly excited C8H10+ are obtained. They are close to the corresponding values for neutral alkylbenzenes. k(E) shows a transition from values given by phase space theory at low energies to values arising from an anisotropic valence potential at higher energies. The charge transfer process is analyzed in terms of resonant charge transfer, charge transfer through ethylbenzene-O-2(+) complexes, and charge transfer producing electronically excited O-2 molecules, with the former being exploited for the described study of collisional energy transfer. C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Troe, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. NR 77 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 9 BP 1574 EP 1581 DI 10.1021/jp031122r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 800IG UT WOS:000220021400015 ER PT J AU Enloe, CL McLaughlin, TE VanDyken, RD Kachner, KD Jumper, EJ Corke, TC AF Enloe, CL McLaughlin, TE VanDyken, RD Kachner, KD Jumper, EJ Corke, TC TI Mechanisms and responses of a single dielectric barrier plasma actuator: Plasma morphology SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; GLOW-DISCHARGE; SILENT DISCHARGE; SIMULATION; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS AB We present simultaneous optical, electrical, and thrust measurements of an aerodynamic plasma actuator. These measurements indicate that the plasma actuator is a form of the dielectric barrier discharge, whose behavior is governed primarily by the buildup of charge on the dielectric-encapsulated electrode. Our measurements reveal the temporal and macroscale spatial structure of the plasma. Correlating the morphology of the plasma and the electrical characteristics of the discharge to the actuator performance as measured by the thrust produced indicates a direct coupling between the interelectrode electric field (strongly modified by the presence of the plasma) and the charges in the plasma. Our measurements discount bulk heating or asymmetries in the structure of the discharge as mechanisms for the production of bulk motion of the surrounding neutral air, although such asymmetries clearly exist and impact the effectiveness of the actuator. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Enloe, CL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Jumper, Eric/A-9856-2013 NR 28 TC 190 Z9 207 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 589 EP 594 DI 10.2514/1.2305 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 803MJ UT WOS:000220234900018 ER PT J AU Enloe, CL McLaughlin, TE VanDyken, RD Kachner, KD Jumper, EJ Corke, TC Post, M Haddad, O AF Enloe, CL McLaughlin, TE VanDyken, RD Kachner, KD Jumper, EJ Corke, TC Post, M Haddad, O TI Mechanisms and responses of a single dielectric barrier plasma actuator: Geometric effects SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; SILENT DISCHARGE; GLOW-DISCHARGE; GENERATION; SIMULATION; NITROGEN AB The single dielectric barrier discharge plasma, a plasma sustainable at atmospheric pressure, has shown considerable promise as a flow control device operating at modest (tens of watts) power levels. Measurements are presented of the development of the plasma during the course of the discharge cycle, and the relevance of these measurements to the modeling of the actuator's electrical properties is discussed. Experimental evidence is presented strongly pointing to the electric field enhancement near the leading edge of the actuator as a dominant factor determining the effectiveness of momentum coupling into the surrounding air. It is shown that the thrust produced by the actuator depends directly on the thickness of the exposed electrode even when the bulk discharge properties of the plasma remain unchanged. The case for field enhancement is bolstered by the application of an analytical model in closed form that, although an abstraction of the real actuator geometry, indicates that electric forces on charge imbalance in the plasma are concentrated predominantly near the edge of the exposed electrode. Both of these results are consistent with computational fluid dynamics calculations of the actuator in operation. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Enloe, CL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RI Jumper, Eric/A-9856-2013 NR 32 TC 186 Z9 199 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 595 EP 604 DI 10.2514/1.3884 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 803MJ UT WOS:000220234900019 ER PT J AU Orford, JL Fasseas, P Melby, S Burger, K Steinhubl, SR Holmes, DR Berger, PB AF Orford, JL Fasseas, P Melby, S Burger, K Steinhubl, SR Holmes, DR Berger, PB TI Safety and efficacy of aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin after coronary stent placement in patients with an indication for anticoagulation SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANTIPLATELET THERAPY; TICLOPIDINE; TRIAL; RISK AB Background Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel has replaced aspirin and systemic anticoagulation with warfarin as the preferred antithrombotic therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent placement. However, a number of patients have indications for all 3 drugs. We sought to determine the frequency and type of hemorrhagic complications in patients who undergo systemic anticoagulation with warfarin while receiving aspirin and clopidogrel after a PCI with stent placement. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the Mayo Clinic PCI database and identified 66 consecutive patients who were discharged from hospital after PCI between January 2000 and August 2002 (inclusive) receiving a combination of dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) and systemic anticoagulation (warfarin) to determine the incidence of bleeding and other clinical events during the treatment period. Results Six patients (9.2%; 95% Cl, 3.5-19.0) reported a bleeding event; 2 patients required a blood transfusion. No patient died or sustained a myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis. Conclusions The risk of bleeding may be increased in patients treated with aspirin, a thienopyridine, and warfarin early after PCI with stent placement. C1 Mayo Clin, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiovasc Dis, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Berger, PB (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Div Cardiovasc Dis, W16,200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM berger.peter@mayo.edu NR 11 TC 139 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 147 IS 3 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2003.06.004 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 807ZM UT WOS:000220539400018 PM 14999195 ER PT J AU Swanson, T Dunn, WJ Childers, DE Taloumis, LJ AF Swanson, T Dunn, WJ Childers, DE Taloumis, LJ TI Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with light-emitting diode curing units at various polymerization times SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID PRIVATE DENTAL OFFICES; COMPOSITE; INTENSITY; HALOGEN; CURE AB Light emitting diode (LED) light-curing units have recently been used to polymerize resin-based orthodontic adhesives, and preliminary studies indicate their use has been successful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel and the duration of photo polymerization with LEDs and conventional quartz-tungsten-halogen light-curing units. Three LED light-curing units (GC e-light, GC America, Alsip, III; Elipar FreeLight, 3M ESPE Dental Products, St Paul, Minn; and UltraLume LED 2, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, Utah) and 1 halogen-based light-curing unit (Ortholux XT, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were evaluated. Two hundred forty metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to extracted molars. Specimens were divided into 12 groups of 20 teeth each. Each group was cured with a different light-curing unit for 40, 20, or 10 seconds. The specimens were stored in water at 37degreesC for 24 hours and then subjected to a shear force with a universal testing machine until bracket failure. Two-way ANOVA detected significantly weaker mean shear bond strength with the GC e-light at 10 and 40 seconds (P<.001) and higher mean shear bond strength for the UltraLume LED 2 at 40 seconds (P<.001). All experimental groups had laboratory mean shear bond strengths greater than 8 MPa, even with a 10-second cure. C1 Tri Serv Orthodont Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), 59-DS-MRDGB,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78254 USA. EM william.dunn@lackland.af.mil NR 31 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 125 IS 3 BP 337 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.04.011 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 801OP UT WOS:000220105500011 PM 15014411 ER PT J AU Kimura, T Dunn, WJ Taloumis, LJ AF Kimura, T Dunn, WJ Taloumis, LJ TI Effect of fluoride varnish on the in vitro bond strength of orthodontic brackets using a self-etching primer system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID ENAMEL; RELEASE; RESIN; DEMINERALIZATION; ADHESIVE; MORPHOLOGY; COMPOSITE AB To reduce the number of steps involved with bonding procedures, manufacturers have simplified adhesive systems by combining the hydrophilic primer and the adhesive, or by combining the etchant, the primer, and the adhesive into 1 bottle and application. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel, with or without fluoride varnish, by using either conventional or self-etching primer systems. Forty-eight extracted teeth were divided into 4 groups of 12 teeth each: group 1, fluoride varnish, conventional adhesive; group 2, fluoride varnish, self-etching primer system; group 3, no fluoride varnish, conventional adhesive; and group 4, no fluoride varnish, self-etching primer system. The bonding procedure followed the manufacturers' recommendations for the materials. Precoated adhesive orthodontic brackets were light-cured to the facial surfaces of the teeth and stored in whole human saliva at 37degreesC for 24 hours. The specimens were subjected to a shear force in a testing machine until failure. The adhesive remnant index was used to score the teeth. Data were analyzed with a 2-way analysis of variance to test for differences in shear bond strength with respect to fluoride varnish and type of adhesive system used. The results showed no difference in bond strength among any of the experimental groups. Similarly, chi-square analysis determined that adhesive remnant index scores were not statistically different. The application of fluoride varnish does not affect the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel with conventional or self-etching primer systems. C1 Tri Serv Orthodont Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), 59-DS-MRDGB,1615 Truemper St, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM William.dunn@lackland.af.mil NR 44 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 125 IS 3 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.04.007 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 801OP UT WOS:000220105500014 PM 15014414 ER PT J AU Barrett, TJ Beall, DP Ly, JQ Davis, SW AF Barrett, TJ Beall, DP Ly, JQ Davis, SW TI Radiologic-pathologic conference of Wilford Hall Medical Center - Cortical Aneurysmal bone cyst of the tibia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 182 IS 3 BP 740 EP 740 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 776PV UT WOS:000189126100034 PM 14975978 ER PT J AU Thompson, LDR Nelson, BL Barnes, EL AF Thompson, LDR Nelson, BL Barnes, EL TI Ceruminous adenomas - A clinicopathologic study of 41 cases with a review of the literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Oral-and-Maxillofacial-Pathology CY MAY 18, 2003 CL Banff, CANADA SP Amer Acad Oral Maxillofacial Pathol DE ear; ceruminal adenoma; ceruminous; ceruminoma; immunohistochemistry; prognosis ID EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS; MIDDLE-EAR; GLAND TUMORS; PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; HIDRADENOMA; NEOPLASMS; BENIGN; LIGHT AB Background: Ceruminous gland neoplasms are rare neoplasms. To date, a large clinicopathologic study of benign ceruminous gland neoplasms has not been reported. Design: Forty-one cases of ceruminous gland adenomas diagnosed between 1970 and 2000 were retrieved from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Histologic features were reviewed, immunohistochemical analysis was performed (n = 2 1), and patient follow-up was obtained (n = 40). Results: The patients included 22 men and 19 women, 24 to 85 years of age (mean, 54.2 years). Patients presented clinically with a painless mass of the outer half of the external auditory canal (n = 33) or with hearing changes (n = 11). Symptoms were present for an average of 16.3 months. The polypoid masses affected the external auditory canal only and ranged in size from 0.4 to 2 cm in greatest dimension (mean, 1.1 cm). Histologically, the tumors demonstrated glands and small cysts lined by a tubuloglandular proliferation of inner ceruminous cells (cerumen-secreting epithelium with decapitation secretion) subtended by a spindled to cuboidal myoepithelial layer. A hyalinized stroma created an infiltrative pattern of growth; surface involvement (n = 8) was seen. Tumors were divided into ceruminous adenoma (n = 36), ceruminous pleomorphic adenoma (n = 4), and syringocystadenoma papilliferum (n = 1) types. The luminal cells were strongly and diffusely immunoreactive with CK7, while the basal cells were highlighted with CK5/6, S-100 protein, and p63. CD 117 highlighted the luminal cells preferentially. The proliferation markers revealed a low index. Adenocarcinoma and middle car adenoma are the principal differential consideration. Surgical excision was used in all patients. Four patients developed a recurrence due to incomplete excision. All patients were without evidence of disease at the last follow-up: alive (n = 28, mean 16.3 years) or dead (n = 12, mean 11.8 years). Conclusion: Ceruminous gland adenomas are the most common external auditory canal tumors. They demonstrate a dual cell population of basal myoepithelial-type cells and luminal ceruminous (ceruminal) cells. Cerumen pigment, CK7, and p63 can help to distinguish this tumor from other neoplasms that occur in the region. Complete surgical excision results in an excellent long-term clinical outcome. C1 USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Endocrine, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Otorhinolaryng Head & Neck Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Presbyterian Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Thompson, LDR (reprint author), So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Pathol, 5601 De Soto Ave, Woodland Hills, CA 91365 USA. EM Lester.D.Thompson@kp.org RI Thompson, Lester/J-8404-2016 OI Thompson, Lester/0000-0003-3714-1432 NR 43 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 28 IS 3 BP 308 EP 318 DI 10.1097/00000478-200403000-00003 PG 11 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 779TH UT WOS:000189316500003 PM 15104293 ER PT J AU Anderson, CM Kerby, JD Perry, WB Sorrells, DL AF Anderson, CM Kerby, JD Perry, WB Sorrells, DL TI Pneumoretroperitoneum in two patients with Clostridium perfringens necrotizing pancreatitis SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS; CHOLECYSTITIS; BACTERIA AB Pancreatic gas gangrene is an uncommon and often fatal complication of acute pancreatitis, due to the sporulating anaerobe Clostridium perfringens. C. perfringens is a normal constituent of colonic flora, but infects the pancreas by either transmural spread from the colon or via the biliary tree. Only three reported cases in the world literature describe acute pancreatitis with pneumoretroperitoneurn and clostridial infection. Two separate cases, at the same institution, of acute pancreatitis complicated by C. perfringens were analyzed. The records of patients were reviewed for admission history, laboratory and radiology results, intensive care support, surgical intervention, and outcome. Retroperitoneal air was visualized early in the clinical course of both patients by computed tomography. Early surgical debridement, drainage, parental antibiotics, and re-exploration resulted in an uncomplicated recovery. Early computed tomography in patients with suspected necrotizing pancreatitis contributes to early intervention and may advantageously enhance survival. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Surg Res Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Anderson, CM (reprint author), 6010 Bantry Bay, San Antonio, TX 78240 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 BP 268 EP 271 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 803HE UT WOS:000220221400026 PM 15055853 ER PT J AU Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Moser, N Jenkins, T Sewell, J Via, D Crespo, A Dabiran, AM Chow, PP Osinsky, A La Roche, JR Ren, F Pearton, SJ AF Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Moser, N Jenkins, T Sewell, J Via, D Crespo, A Dabiran, AM Chow, PP Osinsky, A La Roche, JR Ren, F Pearton, SJ TI Properties of Ir-based Ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; N-TYPE GAN; CURRENT COLLAPSE; RESISTANCE; TI/AL; MECHANISM; HETEROSTRUCTURES; RESISTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; HEMTS AB Measurement of the electrical characteristics of 250 devices on the same 2 in. diameter wafer shows that Ti/Al/Ir/Au Ohmic contacts on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have lower average specific contact resistance after annealing at 850degreesC for 30 s (4.6x10(-5) Omega cm(2)) compared to more standard Ti/Al/Ni/Au contacts (2x10(-4) Omega cm(2)). HEMTs with these Ir-based contacts also show average interdevice isolation currents approximately a factor of 2 lower, higher peak transconductance (134 mS/mm compared to 121 mS/mm), and higher device breakdown voltage (31 V compared to 23 V) than the devices with Ni-based contacts. This Ir-based contact metallurgy looks promising for applications requiring extended thermal stability of the HEMTs. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. SVT Associates, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Fitch, RC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1495 EP 1497 DI 10.1063/1.1651649 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 778WJ UT WOS:000189264100021 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, SW TI Solar fast-wind regions as sources of shock energetic particle production SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : particle emission ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; ACCELERATION; INJECTION; SPACECRAFT; POPULATION; WAVES; IONS AB If the production of solar energetic particles (SEPs) near the Sun is due to shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), then two factors might favor SEP acceleration in slow rather than fast solar wind streams. The first is that both the MHD fast-mode and solar wind flow speeds are higher in the fast-wind streams. The second is that shock seed populations in the fast-wind streams consist of weak suprathermal ion tails with soft spectra. An earlier study used observed fast west-limb or halo CMEs and solar wind O+7/O+6 ratios to compare associated SEP events and fast CMEs in fast wind with those in slow wind. Properties of the few fast CMEs in fast-wind regions suggested a bias in terms of associated SEP event size and/or CME speed against shock production of SEPs in fast-wind regions. Here the previous 1998 - 2000 study is expanded through 2002. The results of the much larger event sample now show no significant bias against SEP production in fast-wind regions. We discuss the implications of this result for shock seed populations and for shock propagation in coronal fast-wind regions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 603 IS 1 BP 330 EP 334 DI 10.1086/381358 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 779ZM UT WOS:000189343900035 ER PT J AU Smith, SD AF Smith, SD TI Cockpit seat and pilot helmet vibration during flight operations on aircraft carriers SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE whole-body vibration; helmet-mounted systems; head vibration; transmissibility AB Introduction: Human vibration exposure data relative to military tactical and strategic aircraft operations are required for assessing the potential health risks and performance consequences when using helmet-mounted equipment. The objective of this study was to characterize cockpit seat and pilot helmet vibration in a jet aircraft during aircraft carrier flight operations. Methods: The Remote Vibration Environment Recorder (REVER) was used to measure triaxial accelerations at the seat base, seat pan, seat back, and helmet in the F/A-18C (Hornet) jet aircraft. Data were collected during flight operations on 2 aircraft carriers for a total of 11 catapult launches (CATs), 9 touch-and-goes (TGs), and 4 arrested landings (TRAPs). Helmet pitch acceleration and displacement were estimated from the helmet translational acceleration data. Results: Of particular interest was the substantial low frequency seat and helmet vibration observed during the catapult launch. During the stroke period, seat and helmet vertical (Z) accelerations reached 6 and 8 g peak-topeak, respectively, and occurred in the frequency range of 3-3.5 Hz. The associated helmet pitch reached peak-to-peak displacements rangi ng between 9degrees and 18degrees. Discussion: The large helmet rotations may be associated with helmet slippage that can cause partial or complete loss of the projected image on a helmet-mounted display (HMD) (vignetting). This is highly undesirable when using the HMD as the primary flight reference. The aircraft operational vibration can be regenerated in the laboratory for investigating this specific concern. The goal is to develop helmet-mounted equipment design guidelines that consider hostile vibratory environments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEPA, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEPA, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2800 Q St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM suzanne.smith@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 75 IS 3 BP 247 EP 254 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 809OJ UT WOS:000220645700009 PM 15018293 ER PT J AU Dijk, DJ Larkin, W AF Dijk, DJ Larkin, W TI Fatigue and performance models: General background and commentary on the Circadian Alertness Simulator for fatigue risk assessment in Transportation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fatigue and Performance Modeling Workshop CY JUN 13-14, 2002 CL Seattle, WA DE sleep; circadian; alertness models; human performance ID PSYCHOMOTOR VIGILANCE; SLEEP; EEG AB Mathematical models of fatigue and performance are potentially powerful tools to predict the effects of duty-rest schedules in many situations. Most current models, including the Circadian Alertness Simulator (CAS), derive from the two-process theory of sleep regulation. in these models, performance and fatigue are determined by a homeostatic process that depends solely on sleep/wake history, and a circadian process, driven by the biological clock. These models assume: 1) performance capability recovers in an exponential manner during sleep; 2) the homeostatic and circadian processes are additive. Current evidence suggests that both assumptions require modification. An attractive feature of the CAS is that it computes alertness curves for individuals, based on individual sleep/wake histories and other data. However, statistical evaluation is usually based on group data, with few performance metrics. As in other models, there is no substantive theory to connect the alertness computation with specific cognitive or psychomotor functions. C1 Univ Surrey, Sch Biomed & Mol Sci, Surrey Sleep Res Ctr, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Dijk, DJ (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Sch Biomed & Mol Sci, Surrey Sleep Res Ctr, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. EM d.j.dijk@surrey.ac.uk RI Dijk, Derk-Jan/D-8387-2011 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 75 IS 3 SU 2 BP A119 EP A121 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 811TI UT WOS:000220793800020 PM 15018272 ER PT J AU Friedl, KE Mallis, MM Ahlers, ST Popkin, SM Larkin, W AF Friedl, KE Mallis, MM Ahlers, ST Popkin, SM Larkin, W TI Research requirements for operational decision-making using models of fatigue and performance SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fatigue and Performance Modeling Workshop CY JUN 13-14, 2002 CL Seattle, WA DE biological models; task performance and analysis; personnel staffing and scheduling; psychomotor performance; cognition; physiology; neuropsychological tests; sleep deprivation; fatigue; physiopathology; biomathematical models; alertness; performance ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; DOSE-RESPONSE; PSYCHOMOTOR VIGILANCE; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; EXPOSURE; INVOLVEMENT; RESTRICTION; ALERTNESS; PATTERNS; CAFFEINE AB Sustained human performance is critical to job and mission success in many federal agencies including national defense, aerospace exploration, and transportation. For the responsible agencies, applications of the basic biomedical and applied human factors science provide the best available solutions to help individuals perform more effectively and with increased safety. Key products of this research are biomathematical models that predict periods of impaired performance, with applications in planning tools, real time monitoring, and intervention decision aids. Since it is difficult to quantify the number of judgment errors or accidents averted, metrics of success for fatigue management systems must be largely based on the accuracy of performance predictions derived from laboratory-based research studies and the extent to which such results can be generalized to the field environment. Performance metrics must, at a minimum, be correlated with occupational task performance to demonstrate relevance to real-world applications. This paper outlines broad goals for human effectiveness research related to fatigue, alertness, and performance. To advance from the present state of knowledge to useful predictive models requires a well-coordinated commitment from federal agencies. Users should be made aware that current models and tests are not likely to encompass all of the aspects of human performance that are relevant to field environments and occupations. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Volpe Ctr, Dept Transportat, Cambridge, MA USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Friedl, KE (reprint author), POB 29, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM karl.friedl@na.amedd.army.mil NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 75 IS 3 SU 2 BP A192 EP A199 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 811TI UT WOS:000220793800032 PM 15018284 ER PT J AU Hursh, SR Redmond, DP Johnson, ML Thorne, DR Belenky, G Balkin, TJ Storm, WF Miller, JC Eddy, DR AF Hursh, SR Redmond, DP Johnson, ML Thorne, DR Belenky, G Balkin, TJ Storm, WF Miller, JC Eddy, DR TI Fatigue models for applied research in warfighting SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fatigue and Performance Modeling Workshop CY JUN 13-14, 2002 CL Seattle, WA DE sleep; fatigue; circadian rhythm; performance; model; cognitive throughput; sleep inertia; sleep deprivation ID 3-PROCESS MODEL; SLEEP; PERFORMANCE; ALERTNESS; TIME; TEMPERATURE; ACCIDENTS; PATTERNS AB The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) has long pursued applied research concerning fatigue in sustained and continuous military operations. In 1996, Hursh developed a simple homeostatic fatigue model and programmed the model into an actigraph to give a continuous indication of performance. Based on this initial work, the Army conducted a study of 1 wk of restricted sleep in 66 subjects with multiple measures of performance, termed the Sleep Dose-Response Study (SDR). This study provided numerical estimation of parameters for the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Sleep Performance Model (SPM) and elucidated the relationships among several sleep-related performance measures (6). Concurrently, Hursh extended the original actigraph modeling structure and software expressions for use in other practical applications. The model became known as the Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness (SAFTE) Model, and Hursh has applied it in the construction of a Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool. This software is designed to help optimize the operational management of aviation ground and flight crews, but is not limited to that application. This paper describes the working fatigue model as it is being developed by the DOD laboratories, using the conceptual framework, vernacular, and notation of the SAFTE Model (16). At specific points where the SPM may differ from SAFTE, this is discussed. Extensions of the SAFTE Model to incorporate dynamic phase adjustment for both transmeridian relocation and shift work are described. The unexpected persistence of performance effects following chronic sleep restriction found in the SDR study necessitated some revisions of the SAFTE Model that are also described. The paper concludes with a discussion of several important modeling issues that remain to be addressed. C1 SAIC, BioMed Modeling & Anal Program, Joppa, MD 21085 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Silver Spring, MD USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Hursh, SR (reprint author), SAIC, BioMed Modeling & Anal Program, 626 Towne Ctr Dr,Suite 201, Joppa, MD 21085 USA. EM hurshs@saic.com NR 48 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 9 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 75 IS 3 SU 2 BP A44 EP A53 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 811TI UT WOS:000220793800005 PM 15018265 ER PT J AU Karpinets, TV Foy, BD Frazier, JM AF Karpinets, TV Foy, BD Frazier, JM TI Tailored gene array databases: applications in mechanistic toxicology SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID NECROTIC CELL-DEATH; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; RAT-LIVER; ONTOLOGY; GENOME; PROTEINS; ANNOTATION; REGULATORS AB Motivation: The development of an annotated global database suitable for a wide range of investigations is a challenging and labor-intensive task. Thus, the development of databases tailored for specific applications remains necessary. For example, in the field of toxicology, no annotated gene array databases are now available that may assist in the correlation of changes in gene activity to cellular functions and processes associated with the toxic response. Results: As an example of a tailored annotated database, an attempt was made to systematize available biological information on genes present on the Affymetrix Rat Toxicology U34 GeneChip, with a focus on how the gene products relate to liver cells and their response to chemical toxins. The information collected was imbedded in a local relational database to analyze data obtained in toxicological gene array experiments with hydrazine-exposed hepatocytes. The advantages and benefits of the tailored database in the biological interpretation of the results are demonstrated. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Foy, BD (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM brent.foy@wright.edu NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 507 EP 517 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg436 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 800WQ UT WOS:000220058800009 PM 14990446 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, F Glawe, DD Naik, RR Hallinan, KP Stone, MO AF Rodriguez, F Glawe, DD Naik, RR Hallinan, KP Stone, MO TI Study of the chemical and physical influences upon in vitro peptide-mediated silica formation SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLY-L-LYSINE; BIOSILICA; MORPHOGENESIS; DIATOMS; GROWTH; FORCE AB Herein, we report on the ability to create complex 2-D and 3-D silica networks in vitro via polycationic peptide-mediated biosilicification under experimentally altered chemical and physical influences. These structures differ from the sphere-like silica network of particles obtained in vitro under static conditions. Under chemical influences, overall morphologies were observed to shift from a characteristic network of sphere-like silica particles to a sheetlike structure in the presence of -OH groups from additives and to sharp-edged, platelike structures in the presence of larger polycationic peptide matrixes. Under physical influences, using externally applied force fields, overall silica morphologies were observed to transition from sphere-like to fiberlike and dendrite-like structures. These findings could lead to the future development of bio-inspired complex 2-D and 3-D silica micro- and nano-devices. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Engn Sci, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Stone, MO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM morley.stone@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 110 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 5 IS 2 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1021/bm034232c PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 801QA UT WOS:000220109200002 PM 15002982 ER PT J AU Krasuski, R Bashore, TM Sketch, MH AF Krasuski, R Bashore, TM Sketch, MH TI "It's hard to make predictions, especially about the future" SO CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Krasuski, R (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. OI Krasuski, Richard/0000-0003-3150-5215 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1522-1946 J9 CATHETER CARDIO INTE JI Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 61 IS 3 BP 429 EP 429 DI 10.1002/ccd.10787 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 800IR UT WOS:000220022500028 PM 14988910 ER PT J AU Wegner, SA Wallace, MR Aronson, NE Tasker, SA Blazes, DL Tamminga, C Fraser, S Dolan, MJ Stephan, KT Michael, NL Jagodzinski, LL Vahey, MT Gilcrest, JL Tracy, L Milazzo, MJ Murphy, DJ McKenna, P Hertogs, K Rinehart, A Larder, B Birx, DL AF Wegner, SA Wallace, MR Aronson, NE Tasker, SA Blazes, DL Tamminga, C Fraser, S Dolan, MJ Stephan, KT Michael, NL Jagodzinski, LL Vahey, MT Gilcrest, JL Tracy, L Milazzo, MJ Murphy, DJ McKenna, P Hertogs, K Rinehart, A Larder, B Birx, DL CA RV 125 Ctrs Educ Res Therapeutics TI Long-term efficacy of routine access to antiretroviral-resistance testing in HIV type 1-infected patients: Results of the clinical efficacy of resistance testing trial SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE; ZIDOVUDINE RESISTANCE; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; THERAPY; INFECTION; PROTEASE; INDIVIDUALS; PREVALENCE; MUTATIONS AB The long-term efficacy of making resistance testing routinely available to clinicians has not been established. We conducted a clinical trial at 6 US military hospitals in which volunteers infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 were randomized to have routine access to phenotype resistance testing (PT arm), access to genotype resistance testing (GT arm), or no access to either test (VB arm). The primary outcome measure was time to persistent treatment failure despite change(s) in antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. Overall, routine access to resistance testing did not significantly increase the time to end point. Time to end point was significantly prolonged in the PT arm for subjects with a history of treatment with greater than or equal to4 different ART regimens or a history of treatment with nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors before the study, compared with that in the VB arm. These results suggest that routine access to resistance testing can improve long-term virologic outcomes in HIV-infected patients who are treatment experienced but may not impact outcome in patients who are naive to or have had limited experience with ART. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil HIV Res Program, Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Portsmouth, VA USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Portsmouth, VA USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Virco Lab, Durham, NC USA. Virco BVBA, Mechelen, Belgium. Resistance Database Initiat, Cambridge, England. RP Wegner, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 5 BP 723 EP 730 DI 10.1086/381266 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 777EY UT WOS:000189163900017 PM 14986258 ER PT J AU Sun, H Venkatasubramanian, N Houtz, MD Mark, JE Tan, SC Arnold, FE Lee, CYC AF Sun, H Venkatasubramanian, N Houtz, MD Mark, JE Tan, SC Arnold, FE Lee, CYC TI Molecular composites by incorporation of a rod-like polymer into a functionalized high-performance polymer, and their conversion into microcellular foams SO COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sulfonated polysulfone; sulfonated polyphenylsulfone; polybenzimidazole; molecular composites; microcellular foams ID BLEND ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES; PVC/WOOD-FIBER COMPOSITES; ION-DIPOLE INTERACTIONS; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; SULFONATED POLYSULFONE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CELLULOSE-ACETATE; POLYBENZIMIDAZOLE; SEPARATION; POLYPHENYLSULFONE AB Molecular composites were prepared from sulfonated modifications of polysulfone and polyphenylsulfone by incorporating relatively stiff polybenzimidazole (PBI) chains into them. The composites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FT-IR results demonstrated strong specific interactions between the sulfonated polymers and the PBI, which was presumed to be the reason for the enhanced miscibility observed. Miscibility was also indicated in the DSC and TMA results, by the presence of a single glass transition temperature (which was composition dependent), although there did appear to be a small degree of phase separation. TGA results showed improvements in the thermal stability of the polymer matrix because of the incorporation of PBI. Results from SEM were also consistent with considerable miscibility. Microcellular foams processed from these molecular composites had partial open-cell cell structures, with average cell sizes ranging from 0.2 to 5 mum, in unusual bimodal cell-size distributions. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Polymer Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Wright Mat Res Co, Richfield Ctr 1187, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. AFRL, Polymer Branch, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. AFOSR, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, NL, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Mark, JE (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM markje@email.uc.edu NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0303-402X J9 COLLOID POLYM SCI JI Colloid Polym. Sci. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 282 IS 5 BP 502 EP 510 DI 10.1007/s00396-003-0974-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 801HL UT WOS:000220086900012 ER PT J AU Greer, JL Wood, KL AF Greer, JL Wood, KL TI Effort flow analysis: a methodology for directed product evolution SO DESIGN STUDIES LA English DT Article DE design methods; product design; component combination; product modelling ID COMPLIANT MECHANISMS AB Part count reduction through part combination is a recognized goal of design for assembly (DFA). Some of the many benefits of part count reduction are: a reduced number of assembly operations, reduced procurement costs, cycle time reduction, supply chain reduction, and higher potential profits. In previous work, force flow analysis, a new technique to map forces as they flow across interfaces in a product, was shown to be successful at systematically providing creative insights for part combination. These insights arise by highlighting components having no relative motion between them. This paper presents a novel concept that extends the theoretical basis of force flow analysis to a much broader scope, referred to as effort flow analysis, addressing component combinations having varying degrees of relative motion. A systematic method for classifying these sets of components is given, and compliant mechanisms are presented as an example of successful combinations across interfaces with relative motion. Examples are provided for the redesign of a 'Quick Grip(TM) Clamp' and a staple remover, both of which highlight a specific class of relative motion components. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Greer, JL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-694X J9 DESIGN STUD JI Design Stud. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2 BP 193 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.destud.2003.09.002 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 837IB UT WOS:000222621200004 ER PT J AU Fisher, J Lumpkin, M Boyd, J Mahle, D Bruckner, J El-Masri, HA AF Fisher, J Lumpkin, M Boyd, J Mahle, D Bruckner, J El-Masri, HA TI PBPK modeling of the metabolic interactions of carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene in B6C3F1 mice SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE PBPK model; mice; carbon tetrachloride; tetrachloroethylene; metabolism; metabolic inhibition ID GAS UPTAKE; RAT-LIVER; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; IN-VITRO; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; HEPATOTOXICITY; INJURY; BROMOTRICHLOROMETHANE; PERCHLOROETHYLENE; INSUFFICIENCY AB Potential exists for widespread human exposure to low levels of carbon tetrachloride (CT) and tetrachloroethylene (TET). These halocarbons are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system. CT is known to inhibit its own metabolism (suicide inhibition) and to cause liver injury by generation of metabolically derived free radicals. The objective of this research was to use develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to forcast the metabolic interactions between orally administered CT and TET in male B6C3F1 mice. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a stable metabolite of TET, was used as a biomarker to assess inhibition of the cytochrome P450 system by CT. Metabolic constants utilized for CT were 1.0 mg/kg/h for Vmaxc_CT and 0.3 for Km_CT (mg/l). Values for TET (based in TCA production), were 6.0 mg/kg/h for Vmaxc_TET was 3.0 mg/l for Km_TET. The rate of loss of metabolic capacity for CT (suicide inhibition) was describe as: Vmaxloss (mg/h) = -Kd (RAM x RAM), where Kd (h/kg) is a second-order rate constant, and RAM (mg/h) is the Michaelis-Menten description of the rate of metabolism of CT. For model simplicity, CT was assumed to damage the primary enzymes responsible for metabolism of CT (CYP2E1) and TET (CYP2B2) in an equal fashion. Thus, the calculated fractional loss of TET metabolic capacity was assumed to be equivalent to the calculated loss in metabolic capacity of CT. Use of a Kd value of 400 h/kg successfully described serum TCA levels in mice dosed orally with 5-100 mg/kg of CT. We report, for the first time, suicide inhibition at a very low dose of CT (1 mg/kg). The PBPK model under-predicted the degree of metabolic inhibition in mice administered 1 mg/kg of CT. This PBPK model is one of only a few physiological models available to predict the metabolic interactions of chemical mixtures involving suicide inhibition. The success of this PBPK model demonstrates that PBPK models are useful tools for examining the nature of metabolic interactions of chemical mixtures, including suicide inhibition. Further research is required to compare the inhibitory effects of inhaled CT vapors with CT administered by oral bolus dosing and determine the interaction threshold for CT-induced metabolic inhibition. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. AFRL, HEST, Operat Toxicol Branch, WPAFB, Dayton, OH USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Computat Toxicol Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fisher, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM jwfisher@uga.edu NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2003.10.006 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 806TE UT WOS:000220455400008 PM 21782696 ER PT J AU Gute, BD Balasubramanian, K Geiss, KT Basak, SC AF Gute, BD Balasubramanian, K Geiss, KT Basak, SC TI Prediction of halocarbon toxicity from structure: a hierarchical QSAR approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE QSAR; halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons; oxidative stress ID TOPOLOGICAL INDEXES; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Mathematical structural invariants and quantum theoretical descriptors have been used extensively in quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for the estimation of pharmaceutical activities, biological properties, physicochemical properties, and the toxicities of chemicals. Recently our research team has explored the relative importance of various levels of chemodescriptors, i.e. topostructural (TS), topochemical (TC), geometrical (3D), and quantum theoretical descriptors, in property estimation. This study examines the contribution of chemodescriptors ranging from topostructural to quantum theoretic calculations, up to the Gaussian STO-3G level, in predicting the results of six indicators of oxidative stress for a set of 20 halocarbons. Using quantum theoretical calculations in this study is of particular interest as molecular energetics is related to the likelihood of electron attachment and free radical formation, the mechanism of toxicity for these chemicals and should aid in modeling their potential for oxidative stress. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Basak, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Hwy, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM sbasak@nrri.umn.edu NR 35 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2003.10.005 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 806TE UT WOS:000220455400010 PM 21782698 ER PT J AU Stanford, GE Welsh, JS AF Stanford, GE Welsh, JS TI EELV secondary payload adapter (ESPA) static qualification tests, part 2 SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 CSA Engn Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Stanford, GE (reprint author), CSA Engn Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 28 IS 2 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 809TW UT WOS:000220660000007 ER PT J AU Barrier, BF Bates, GW Leland, MM Leach, DA Robinson, RD Propst, AM AF Barrier, BF Bates, GW Leland, MM Leach, DA Robinson, RD Propst, AM TI Efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in the treatment of spontaneous endometriosis in baboons SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Gynecologic-Investigation CY MAR 26-30, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Soc Gynecol Investigat DE endometriosis; baboon; infertility; etanercept; anti-TNF therapy; peritoneal lesions ID MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE EXPRESSION; PERITONEAL-FLUID; PAPIO-CYNOCEPHALUS; WOMEN; ANUBIS; MODEL; ALPHA; CELLS AB Objective: To determine the efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy (etanercept) for treating endometriosis in baboons. Design: A randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded study using the baboon endometriosis model. Setting: Southwest National Primate Research Center. Animal(s): Twelve female baboons with spontaneous peritoneal endometriosis. Intervention(s): Etanercept (n = 8) or sterile water (n = 4) was administered subcutaneously three times per week. Main Outcome Measure(s): After 8 weeks, the number, color, and surface area of peritoneal lesions was evaluated. Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine staging was used. Result(s): A statistically significant decrease in red lesion surface area in the treatment group was observed. A trend toward a decrease in the absolute number of red lesions was noted in the treatment group. White and black lesion number and total surface area slightly increased in both groups but failed to achieve statistical significance. Endometriosis was diagnosed in 60% of captive-born baboons with primary infertility. Conclusion(s): These results indicate that etanercept effectively reduces the amount of spontaneously occurring active endometriosis in the baboon. ((C) 2004 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.) C1 SW Fdn Biomed Res, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Barrier, BF (reprint author), Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM breton.barrier@lackland.af.mil NR 22 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 81 SU 1 BP 775 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.09.034 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 803UI UT WOS:000220255600006 PM 15019808 ER PT J AU Biros, DP Daly, M Gunsch, G AF Biros, DP Daly, M Gunsch, G TI The influence of task load and automation trust on deception detection SO GROUP DECISION AND NEGOTIATION LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; CREDIBILITY; INFORMATION; TECHNOLOGY AB The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects that user task load level has on the relationship between an individual's trust in and subsequent use of a system's automation. Military decision-makers trust and use information system automation to make many tactical judgments and decisions. In situations of information uncertainty (information warfare environments), decision-makers must remain aware of information reliability issues and temperate their use of system automation if necessary. An individual's task load may have an effect on his use of a system's automation in environments of information uncertainty. It was hypothesized that user task load will have a moderating effect on the positive relationship between system automation trust and use of system automation. Specifically, in situations of information uncertainty (low trust), high task load will have a negative effect on the relationship. To test this hypothesis, an experiment in a simulated command and control micro-world was conducted in which system automation trust and individual task load were manipulated. The findings from the experiment support the positive relationship between automation trust and automation use found in previous research and suggest that task load does have a negative effect on the positive relationship between automation trust and automation use. Experiment participant who incurred a higher task load exhibited an over-reliance on their automated information systems to assist them in their decision-making activities. Such an over-reliance can lead to vulnerabilities of deception and suggests the need for automated deception detection capabilities. C1 USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. 33rd Informat Operat Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78243 USA. Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Biros, DP (reprint author), USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Blvd, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM David.Biros@pentagon.af.mil; Mark.Daly@lackland.af.mil; Gregg.Gunsch@afit.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-2644 J9 GROUP DECIS NEGOT JI Group Decis. Negot. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 173 EP 189 DI 10.1023/B:GRUP.0000021840.85686.57 PG 17 WC Management; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 806QO UT WOS:000220448600005 ER PT J AU An, K De Jong, MJ Riegel, BJ McKinley, S Garvin, BJ Doering, LV Moser, DK AF An, K De Jong, MJ Riegel, BJ McKinley, S Garvin, BJ Doering, LV Moser, DK TI A cress-sectional examination of changes in anxiety early after acute myocardial infarction SO HEART & LUNG LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-CARE UNIT; SEX-DIFFERENCES; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; SHORT-TERM; MORTALITY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE; MANAGEMENT; ADJUSTMENT AB BACKGROUND: Anxiety is common after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The assessment and treatment of anxiety early after AMI is important, because anxiety is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Few data exist about anxiety early, after AMI, the time when anxiety likely peaks. Furthermore, no researchers have evaluated potential gender differences in the evolution of anxiety after AMI. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the evolution of anxiety during the first 72 hours of hospitalization for AMI and to examine whether there is a gender difference in the pattern of anxiety early after AMI, from cross-sectional data. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 486 patients with AMI were recruited from 4 urban university medical centers and 2 private hospitals in the United States and I large university teaching hospital in Australia. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure anxiety once in each patient within 72 hours of the patient's admission to the hospital. Patients were divided into 6 groups based on the time interval in which they were interviewed. RESULTS: The mean score of state anxiety was 39 +/- 13. Peak anxiety occurred within the first 12 hours after AMI (P <.05) and anxiety level differed among the time intervals (F [5, 474] = 4.55, P <.001). There was a main effect of gender on anxiety (F [1, 474] = 11.86, P <.001). Women reported higher anxiety than men at all time points except the time interval of 24.1 to 36 hours after AMI. CONCLUSION: Prospective, longitudinal, repeated measures research is needed to confirm the trajectory of anxiety in AMI patients, but data from this study suggest that anxiety should be assessed and treated in the early stages of AMI to prevent potential complications that may be exacerbated by anxiety and to provide comfort to AMI patients. C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Coll Nursing, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Univ Kentucky, Coll Nursing, Lexington, KY USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Technol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Ohio State Univ, Coll Nursing, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP An, K (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Coll Nursing, 11-1 Daehyun Dong, Seoul 120750, South Korea. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0147-9563 J9 HEART LUNG JI Heart Lung PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2003.12.007 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Nursing; Respiratory System SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Nursing; Respiratory System GA 802RQ UT WOS:000220181000003 PM 15024372 ER PT J AU Thompson, TW AF Thompson, TW TI A slaving voyage to Africa and Jamaica: The log of the Sandown, 1793-1794. SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Thompson, TW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD SPR PY 2004 VL 66 IS 1 BP 131 EP 132 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 802QS UT WOS:000220178600007 ER PT J AU Pollack, MS Ririe, D AF Pollack, MS Ririe, D TI Clinical significance of recipient antibodies to stem cell donor mismatched class IHLA antigens SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stem cell transplantation; HLA antibodies; crossmatch; HLA mismatch; HLA-A68 ID TRANSPLANTATION AB A stem cell transplant candidate whose best-matched related donor had a mismatch for A68 by virtue of the patient's maternal human leukocyte antigen A/B (HLA-A/B) recombinant haplotype, was referred to Wilford Hall Medical Center for transplantation. She was determined prior to transplant to have a high-titered antibody to that HLA type and to several crossreactive antigens (A2 and A24). When she initially failed to engraft, plasmapheresis was tried three times with no effect on the antibody titer. Subsequently, plasmapheresis followed by intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and retransplant completely eliminated the donor-specific antibody. Engraftment occurred, and several weeks after the second transplant antibodies to A68 could no longer be detected although the antibodies to other HLA types were still present. This case report should serve to remind stem cell transplant programs of the importance of checking for the presence of recipient antibodies to donor-mismatched antigens and suggests that patients with such antibodies be treated prior to transplant. (C) American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, 2004. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Pollack, MS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM pollack@uthscsa.edu NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 65 IS 3 BP 245 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.humimm.2003.12.010 PG 3 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 810DT UT WOS:000220685700007 PM 15041163 ER PT J AU Cong, S Hong, L Wicker, D AF Cong, S Hong, L Wicker, D TI Markov-chain Monte-Carlo approach for association probability evaluation SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE FILTERS; TRACKING AB Data association is one of the essential parts of a multiple-target-tracking system. The paper introduces a report-track association-evaluation technique based on the well known Markov-chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) method, which estimates the statistics of a random variable by way of efficiently sampling the data space. An important feature of this new association-evaluation algorithm is that it can approximate the marginal association probability with scalable accuracy as a function of computational resource available. The algorithm is tested within the framework of a joint probabilistic data association (JPDA). The result is compared with JPDA tracking with Fitzgerald's simple JPDA data-association algorithm. As expected, the performance of the new MCMC-based algorithm is superior to that of the old algorithm. In general, the new approach can also be applied to other tracking algorithms as well as other fields where association of evidence is involved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Target Recognit Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cong, S (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2379 J9 IEE P-CONTR THEOR AP JI IEE Proc.-Control Theory Appl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 151 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1049/ip-cta:20040037 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 818BX UT WOS:000221221700008 ER PT J AU Clendenin, CK Reaser, JR AF Clendenin, CK Reaser, JR TI Shared Technologies: A new roadmap SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The long-term goal of the USAF Shared Technologies Program is to facilitate the development of a roadmap for technology insertion on the wide variety of legacy Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) accumulated by the USAF over the past 30 years. A successful roadmap will provide for Operation & Support (O&S) cost reduction, preserve Test Program Set (TPS) development investments, and evolve in concert with the DoD Executive Agent for Automatic Test Systems (ATS) initiatives and commercial industry, and (e.g., NxTest) changes. The near-term objective of this phase of the USAF Shared Technologies Program is to demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating available commercial technology into the Radio Frequency (RF) Mobile Electronic Test Set (RFMETS). The RFMETS was originally delivered to the USAF during the early 1990s and is used to support a variety of C-130 avionics including the APQ-170 and APQ-180 Radar Systems. C1 Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. USAF, Warner Robins Air Logist Ctr, RAFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Clendenin, CK (reprint author), Boeing Co, POB 516,MC S034-1245, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1109/MAES.2004.1275310 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 801FV UT WOS:000220082700004 ER PT J AU Macon, CA Kempel, LC Schneider, SW Trott, KD AF Macon, CA Kempel, LC Schneider, SW Trott, KD TI Modeling conformal antennas on metallic prolate spheroid surfaces using a hybrid finite element method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE boundary integral equations; conformal antennas; finite element method; microstrip antennas ID RADIATION AB In this paper, the hybrid finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) method appropriate for modeling conformal antennas on doubly curved surfaces is developed. The FE-BI method is extended to model doubly curved, convex surfaces by means of a specially formulated asymptotic dyadic Green's function. The FE-BI method will then be used to examine the effect of curvature variation on the resonant input impedance of a cavity-backed, conformal slot antenna and a conformal patch antenna recessed in a perfectly conducting, electrically large prolate spheroid surface. The prolate spheroid shape provides a canonical representation of a doubly curved mounting surface. The numerical results for conformal slot and patch antennas on the prolate spheroid are compared as a function of curvature and orientation. C1 High Performance Technol Inc, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL SNRP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Raytheon Radar Design & Elect Lab, Antenna & Microwave Dept, Sudbury, ON 01776, Canada. RP Macon, CA (reprint author), High Performance Technol Inc, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. EM cmacon@hpti.com RI Kempel, Leo/A-6837-2010; OI Kempel, Leo/0000-0002-8888-6197 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 750 EP 758 DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.822441 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 813ZJ UT WOS:000220944700013 ER PT J AU White, MD Visbal, MR AF White, MD Visbal, MR TI Using filters to design absorbing boundary conditions for high-order CEM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Conference on the Computation of Electromagnetic Fields (COMPUMAG 2003) CY JUL 13-17, 2003 CL Saratoga Springs, NY DE absorbing boundary conditions; filters; high-order finite-difference methods; novel methodologies ID DIFFERENCE SCHEMES AB Sharp low-pass filters used to stabilize high-order numerical algorithms have been adapted to provide a simple yet robust absorbing boundary with negligible impact on the interior solution. By taking advantage of energy transfer to high frequencies caused by rapidly stretched meshes, the artificially reflected waves are annihilated while preserving the content in the region of interest. C1 Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP White, MD (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA. EM michael.white@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 961 EP 964 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.824715 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 813CA UT WOS:000220884000109 ER PT J AU Matyjas, JD Psaromiligkos, IN Batalama, SN Medley, MJ AF Matyjas, JD Psaromiligkos, IN Batalama, SN Medley, MJ TI Fast converging minimum probability of error neural network receivers for DS-CDMA communications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPIE 17th Annual International Symposium CY APR, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE accelerated convergence; approximation theory; direct-sequence code-division-multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems; importance sampling (IS); minimum bit-error rate (BER); minimum probability of error; multilayer perceptron; neural networks (NNs); stochastic approximation; supervised learning algorithms ID MULTIUSER DETECTION; CHANNELS; ALGORITHMS AB We consider a multilayer perceptron neural network (NN) receiver architecture for the recovery of the information bits of a direct-sequence code-division-multipie-access (DS-CDMA) user. We develop a fast converging adaptive training algorithm that minimizes the bit-error rate (BER) at the output of the receiver. The adaptive algorithm has three key features: i) it incorporates the BER, i.e., the ultimate performance evaluation measure, directly into the learning process, ii) it utilizes constraints that are derived from the properties of the optimum single-user decision boundary for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) multiple-access channels, and iii) it embeds importance sampling (IS) principles directly into the receiver optimization process. Simulation studies illustrate the BER performance of the proposed scheme. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3H 2N4, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, IFGC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Matyjas, JD (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM matyjas@eng.buffalo.edu; yannis@ece.mcgill.ca; batalama@eng.buffalo.edu; Michael.Medley@rl.af.mil NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1045-9227 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1109/TNN.2004.824409 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 813LJ UT WOS:000220908300020 PM 15384536 ER PT J AU Jiang, JT Tsao, S O'Sullivan, T Razeghi, M Brown, GJ AF Jiang, JT Tsao, S O'Sullivan, T Razeghi, M Brown, GJ TI Fabrication of indium bumps for hybrid infrared focal plane array applications SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE indium; bump; infrared; focal plane array; electroplating; evaporation; lift-off ID QWIP; TECHNOLOGY; CAMERA AB Hybrid infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) have found many applications. In hybrid IR FPAs, FPA and Si read out integrated circuits (ROICs) are bonded together with indium bumps by flip-chip bonding. Taller and higher uniformity indium bumps are always being pursued in FPA fabrication. In this paper, two indium bump fabrication processes based on evaporation and electroplating techniques are developed. Issues related to each fabrication technique are addressed in detail. The evaporation technique is based on a unique positive lithography process. The electroplating method achieves taller indium bumps with a high aspect ratio by a unique "multi-stack" technique. This technique could potentially benefit the fabrication of multi-color FPAs. Finally, a proposed low-cost indium bump fabrication technique, the "bump transfer", is given as a future technology for hybrid IR FPA fabrication. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Ctr Quantum Devices, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2220 N Campus Dr,Cook Hall,Room 4051, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@ece.nwu.edu RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009 NR 23 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2003.08.002 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 769CL UT WOS:000188608800007 ER PT J AU Okulicz, JF Stibich, AS Elston, DM Schwartz, RA AF Okulicz, JF Stibich, AS Elston, DM Schwartz, RA TI Cutaneous onchocercoma SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; VOLVULUS AB Onchocerciasis is a common, chronic multisystem disease with dermatologic, ocular, and systemic manifestations. Although the disease is endemic in Africa, Latin America, and Yemen, imported cases have been described in the United States. The causative organism, Onchocerca volvulus, is transmitted by the bite of a black fly of the genus Simulium. There are a number of cutaneous manifestations of the disease, including onchocercomas, which are subcutaneous bundles of worms. The antiparasitic agent ivermectin is the drug of choice for both prophylaxis and treatment of active disease. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Schwartz, RA (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM roschwar@umdnj.edu NR 19 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-9059 J9 INT J DERMATOL JI Int. J. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 43 IS 3 BP 170 EP 172 DI 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02279.x PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 802AE UT WOS:000220135600003 PM 15009384 ER PT J AU Golden, PJ Bartha, BB Grandt, AF Nicholas, T AF Golden, PJ Bartha, BB Grandt, AF Nicholas, T TI Measurement of the fatigue crack propagation threshold of fretting induced cracks in Ti-6Al-4V SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE fatigue; threshold; fretting; Ti-6Al-4V ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE AB A unique fatigue specimen was designed from the used fretting pads of Ti-6Al-4V fretting fatigue experiments. Many of these pads contained cracks that initiated and then arrested during the original fretting experiments. Heat tinting was used to mark the crack surface, and stress relief was applied to some specimens to remove load-history effects. The specimens were subjected to high cycle fatigue step testing and the threshold stresses were measured. The measured fretting crack sizes were used to calculate the crack propagation threshold, DeltaK(th). The results were analyzed for short crack and load history effects. Crack size effects were readily explained with a simple short crack model. No load history effects were noted for these fretting induced cracks. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Golden, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.golden@wpatb.af.mil NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAR PY 2004 VL 26 IS 3 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00166-X PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 766KQ UT WOS:000188375900008 ER PT J AU Sihn, S Iarve, EV Roy, AK AF Sihn, S Iarve, EV Roy, AK TI Three-dimensional stress analysis of textile composites: Part I. Numerical analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE woven composites; B-spline approximation method; inter-yarn stresses ID WOVEN FABRIC COMPOSITES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; FAILURE BEHAVIOR; OPEN HOLES; PREDICTION; MODEL AB Three-dimensional stress analysis in a unit-cell of a plain-woven composite was performed by using B-spline displacement approximation. The spline approximation provides continuity of displacement and stress components within each yarn and matrix subregion. Two types of unit-cell problems with and without inter-yarn delamination were considered. A penalty function approach along with a contact surface characteristic function was used to obtain a full-field numerical solution for the frictionless contact problem between delaminated yarn surfaces. Yarn interfaces at yarn-crossover locations represent three-material wedge-type regions resulting in singular stress behavior. In the case of unit-cells with perfect bonding between the yarn interfaces, the numerical values of the inter-yarn normal stress did not exhibit trends typical for unbounded stress behavior, whereas the inter-yarn shear stress components displayed discontinuous behavior typical for numerical results in the vicinity of the stress singularity. In the presence of the delamination, both the inter-yarn normal and shear stress components exhibited unbounded behavior near the singularity. Notably, the inter-yarn normal stress showed signs of singular behavior in both cases of open and closed delaminations. Due to the stress singularity that exists at yarn-crossover locations containing three materials (yarn-yarn-matrix) interface intersections, the full-field numerical solution, even with high-order approximation functions, was not able to capture the directional nonuniqueness of the stress values in the vicinity of the singularity, and therefore calls for incorporation of the asymptotic singular stress analysis, which will be given in a follow-on paper [Sihn and Roy, International Journal of Solids and Structures (accepted for publication)]. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmetall Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sihn, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmetall Div, 300 College Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sangwook@stanfordalumni.org NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 41 IS 5-6 BP 1377 EP 1393 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2003.10.017 PG 17 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 771YX UT WOS:000188814600011 ER PT J AU Sihn, S Iarve, EV Roy, AK AF Sihn, S Iarve, EV Roy, AK TI Three-dimensional stress analysis of textile composites. Part II: Asymptotic analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE woven composites; asymptotic singular analysis; inter-yarn stresses ID OPEN HOLES AB An asymptotic singular stress analysis was performed in the unit-cell of the plain-woven composite in the vicinity of the yarn-yarn-matrix interface intersection with and without the inter-yarn delamination. The problem was reduced to a three-material wedge singularity type by introducing several curvilinear coordinate systems and systematic expansions in power series of the distance from the contour of the stress singularity. The power of stress singularity at the inter-yarn and yarn-matrix interface junction was investigated as a function of crimp angle and matrix-to-yarn stiffness ratio. In the case of perfect bonding between the yarns and the matrix with small crimp angles near 9degrees, the power of singularity is weak (similar to0.02) and insensitive to the stiffness ratio of the axial yarn to the matrix material. For increased crimp angles, however, small variations in the stiffness of the matrix material can significantly affect the power of singularity. In the case of the inter-yarn delamination, two singular roots-one crack type (similar to0.5) and one weak (similar to0.01)-were obtained for all crimp angles and delamination opening modes. Coefficients of the asymptotic expansion were obtained by comparing the full-field three-dimensional numerical solution based on B-spline displacement approximation method with multi-term asymptotic expansions in the vicinity of the singular point. Good agreement between the two solutions was observed in all examples considered. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmetall Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sihn, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmetall Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sangwook@stanfordalumni.org NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 41 IS 5-6 BP 1395 EP 1410 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2003.11.024 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 771YX UT WOS:000188814600012 ER PT J AU Larsen, JM Christodoulou, L AF Larsen, JM Christodoulou, L TI Integrating damage state awareness and mechanism-based prediction SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Larsen, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 14 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0026-5 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 806AX UT WOS:000220407900002 ER PT J AU Christodoulou, L Larsen, JM AF Christodoulou, L Larsen, JM TI Using materials prognosis to maximize the utilization potential of complex mechanical systems SO JOM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Prognosis held at the 132nd TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div C1 Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Def Sci Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Christodoulou, L (reprint author), Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Def Sci Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 5 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0027-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 806AX UT WOS:000220407900003 ER PT J AU Derriso, M Braisted, W Rosenstengel, J DeSimio, M AF Derriso, M Braisted, W Rosenstengel, J DeSimio, M TI The structural health monitoring of a mechanically attached thermal protection system SO JOM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Prognosis held at the 132nd TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div C1 VASA, USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. iCAD Inc, Nashua, NH USA. RP Derriso, M (reprint author), VASA, USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Mark.derriso@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 36 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0030-9 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 806AX UT WOS:000220407900006 ER PT J AU Forsythe, JR Squires, KD Wurtzler, KE Spalart, PR AF Forsythe, JR Squires, KD Wurtzler, KE Spalart, PR TI Detached-eddy simulation of the F-15E at high alpha SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID FLOWS AB Detached-eddy simulation (DES) is used to predict the massively separated flow around an F-15E at 65-deg angle of attack. The calculations are performed at flight conditions corresponding to a chord-based Reynolds number of 13.6 x 10(6) and Mach number of 0.3. Flowfield solutions are obtained using unstructured grids with the commercial solver Cobalt: the average mesh spacing from solid surfaces to the first cell center from the wall under one viscous unit. The influence of the mesh size is assessed using a series of three grids ranging from 2.85 x 10(6) cells to 10 x 10(6) cells. In addition, the influence of the time step is investigated using three simulations with varied time steps. DES predictions are assessed via comparison to Boeing's stability and control database as well as to solutions of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. These are steady, with the Spalart-Allmaras model. Both RANS and DES predictions of integrated forces exhibit a relatively weak dependence on the grid density for the range examined. In the DES the wake region is characterized by complex and chaotic three-dimensional structures with direct resolution of a reasonable range of length and timescales. In general, both RANS and DES predictions of averaged quantities exhibit favorable agreement with the database. DES predictions of the lift, drag, and pitching moment, which were averaged over as many as 150 inertial timescales, agree with the data more favorably than the RANS results, but both methods are within 10% of the database. The cost of DES was approximately seven times higher than the steady RANS calculations on the same grid. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Cobalt Solut LLC, Cincinnati, OH 45209 USA. Boeing Commercial Airplane, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Forsythe, JR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 41 IS 2 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.2514/1.2111 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 811LZ UT WOS:000220774700001 ER PT J AU Blake, WB Gingras, DR AF Blake, WB Gingras, DR TI Comparison of predicted and measured formation flight interference effects SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Results from a wind-tunnel test of two delta-wing aircraft in close proximity are presented and compared with predictions from a vortex lattice method. Large changes in lift, pitching moment, and rolling moment are found on the trail aircraft as it moves laterally relative to the lead aircraft. The magnitude of these changes is reduced as the trail aircraft moves vertically with respect to the lead aircraft. Lift-to-drag ratio of the trail aircraft is increased when the wing tips are slightly overlapped. Wake-induced lift is overpredicted slightly when the aircraft overlap in the spanwise direction. Wake-induced pitching and rolling moments are well predicted. A maximum induced drag reduction of 25% is measured on the trail aircraft, compared with a 40% predicted reduction. Three positional stability derivatives, change in lift and pitching moment with vertical position and change in rolling moment with lateral position, are studied. Predicted boundaries between stable and unstable regions were generally in good agreement with experimentally derived boundaries. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Bihrle Appl Res, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Blake, WB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 41 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.2514/1.9278 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 811LZ UT WOS:000220774700002 ER PT J AU Emelett, SJ Goodhue, WD Karakashian, AS Vaccaro, K AF Emelett, SJ Goodhue, WD Karakashian, AS Vaccaro, K TI Observation of negative differential resistance in GaAlAs single-barrier heterostructure at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; STATES AB Observation of experimental negative differential resistance at room temperature due to electron tunneling in a multiple-step single-barrier GaAlAs heterostructure is reported. Theoretical investigations of a three-step single-barrier heterostructure were conducted using the transfer matrix method and the Tsu-Esaki approach to obtain the transmission coefficients and current-voltage characteristic, respectively. The system was designed based on these calculations, and grown with molecular beam epitaxy. The diode exhibited negative differential resistance at 300 K and had a peak-to-valley current ratio above unity, which was in agreement with the predicted values. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01851 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Emelett, SJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01851 USA. EM steve@solidstatescientific.com NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2930 EP 2932 DI 10.1063/1.1645638 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 776VG UT WOS:000189139600116 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ Bui-Mansfield, LT Kline, MJ DeBerardino, TM Taylor, DC AF Ly, JQ Bui-Mansfield, LT Kline, MJ DeBerardino, TM Taylor, DC TI Bare area of the glenoid - Magnetic resonance appearance with arthroscopic correlation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE shoulder, bare area; glenoid; chondromalacia; magnetic resonance imaging AB Objective: To review the radiologic findings of a rarely reported focal area of acquired cartilage thinning located at the center of the glenoid fossa. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3 patients, each possessing a bare area of the glenoid detected on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A literature search was performed to obtain the most current information regarding this uncommon entity. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging of the glenoid demonstrated a smoothly marginated subcentimeter area of thinning of the central articular cartilage containing hyperintense joint fluid or contrast in the case with MR arthrography. Arthroscopic correlation was obtained in a single case. Conclusions: The bare area of the glenoid is an acquired cartilage defect located at the center of the glenoid articular surface. Characteristic findings can be seen on MR imaging. Care should be taken not to mistake this acquired condition for posttraurnatic defects of the glenoid articular cartilage. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiobiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Keller Army Community Hosp, Dept Surg, Orthoped Surg Serv, W Point, NY USA. RP Bui-Mansfield, LT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. EM liem_mansfield@hotmail.com OI DeBerardino, Thomas/0000-0002-7110-8743 NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-8715 J9 J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO JI J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 28 IS 2 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1097/00004728-200403000-00013 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 803ZK UT WOS:000220268800013 PM 15091128 ER PT J AU Lawley, GR Schindler, WG Walker, WA Kolodrubetz, D AF Lawley, GR Schindler, WG Walker, WA Kolodrubetz, D TI Evaluation of ultrasonically placed MTA and fracture resistance with intracanal composite resin in a model of apexification SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; ROOT FRACTURE; IMMATURE; INCISORS; LEAKAGE; RESTORATION; TEETH AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether intracoronal delivery of an apical barrier of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) placed ultrasonically, non-ultrasonically, or ultrasonically with the addition of an intracanal composite resin provided a better seal against bacterial leakage. A second purpose was to determine whether intracanal composite resin or gutta-percha and sealer placed against an apical barrier of MTA provided greater resistance to root fracture. In a standardized in vitro open apex model, MTA was placed as an apical barrier at a thickness of 4 mm, with and without ultrasonic vibration. The barriers were challenged with bacteria exposure within a leakage model, and fracture resistance was assessed with increasing forces applied via an Instron machine. After 45 days, the addition of ultrasonics significantly improved the MTA seal, compared with the non-ultrasonics treatment (Kruskal Wallis nonparametric ANOVA with Dunn multiple comparison test p < 0.05). Bacterial leakage occurred in 6 (33%) of 18 in the non-ultrasonic MTA group, 2 (11%) of 18 in the ultrasonic MTA group, and 1 (6%) of 18 in the ultrasonic MTA-composite group. There were no significant differences at 90 days. A 4-mm thickness of MTA followed with an intracanal composite resin demonstrated a significantly greater resistance to root fracture than MTA followed with gutta-percha and sealer (one-way ANOVA with Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test, p < 0.01). The MTA- gutta-percha group was not significantly different than the MTA unrestored positive control. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Schindler, WG (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Endodont, Mail Code 7892,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM schindier@uthscsa.edu NR 20 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1097/00004770-200403000-00010 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 780KN UT WOS:000189380000010 PM 15055436 ER PT J AU Wander, JD Rood, MJ AF Wander, JD Rood, MJ TI Capture and recovery or destruction of trace vapors from gas streams SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Wander, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM Joe.Wander@tyndall.af.mil; mrood@uiuc.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2004 VL 130 IS 3 BP 209 EP 210 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:3(209) PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 779YG UT WOS:000189329600001 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PD Rood, MJ Dombrowski, KD Hay, KJ AF Sullivan, PD Rood, MJ Dombrowski, KD Hay, KJ TI Capture of organic vapors using adsorption and electrothermal regeneration SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBON CLOTH; DESORPTION; FIBERS; MODEL AB Activated-carbon-fiber cloth (ACFC) is an alternative adsorbent to granular activated carbon (GAC) for removing and recovering organic vapors from gas streams. Electrothermal desorption (ED) of ACFC provides rapid regeneration while requiring less energy compared to traditional regeneration techniques used with GAC. This paper provides proof-of-concept results from a bench-scale ACFC adsorption system. The automated system captured 1,000 ppmv of hazardous air pollutants/volatile organic compounds (HAPs/ VOCs) from air streams and demonstrated the use of ED, using ac voltage, to recover the HAP/VOC as a pure liquid. The desorbed HAPNOC condensed onto the inner walls of the adsorber and was collected at the bottom of the vessel, without the use of ancillary cooling. Seventy percent of the HAPNOC was collected per cycle as condensate, with the balance being retained in the regenerated adsorber or recycled to the second adsorber. ED with in-vessel condensation results in minimal N-2 consumption and short regeneration cycle times allowing the process to be cost competitive with conventional GAC-based adsorption processes. This technology extends the application of carbon adsorption systems to situations that were previously economically and physically impractical. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLQF, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. URS Corp, Austin, TX 78729 USA. US Army Corp Engn, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Sullivan, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLQF, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM patrick.sullivan@tyndall.af.mil NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2004 VL 130 IS 3 BP 258 EP 267 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:3(258) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 779YG UT WOS:000189329600007 ER PT J AU Dombrowski, KD Lehmann, CMB Sullivan, PD Ramirez, D Rood, MJ Hay, KJ AF Dombrowski, KD Lehmann, CMB Sullivan, PD Ramirez, D Rood, MJ Hay, KJ TI Organic vapor recovery and energy efficiency during electric regeneration of an activated carbon fiber cloth adsorber SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTROTHERMAL DESORPTION; GAS STREAMS; ADSORPTION; TEMPERATURE AB An electrothermal-swing adsorption system was demonstrated on the bench scale for capture and recovery of organic vapors from air streams. Methyl propyl ketone (MPK), methyl ethyl ketone, n-hexane, acetone, and methylene chloride were removed and recovered at 200-1,020 ppm(v) in a 40.0 slpm air stream while using activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC) adsorbent. Removal efficiencies were greater than 09.9%. Liquid recovery fractions increased with increasing relative pressure, ranging from 0.11 for methylene chloride (P/P-sat= 2.1 X 10(-3)) to greater than 0. 80 for MPK (P/P-sat = 2.2 X 10(-2)). The electrical energy consumed during regeneration per mol of liquid organic compound recovered decreased with increasing relative pressure of the inlet gas stream, ranging from 4,698 kJ/mol for, methylene chloride to 327 kJ/mol for MPK. Equilibrium ACFC adsorption capacity, throughput ratio, and length of unused bed were also evaluated. These results are encouraging for the development of a new technology to capture and readily recover a wide range of organic vapors from air streams. C1 USR Corp, Austin, TX 78729 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLQF, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Corps Engineers, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Dombrowski, KD (reprint author), USR Corp, 9400 Amberglen Blvd, Austin, TX 78729 USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2004 VL 130 IS 3 BP 268 EP 275 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:3(268) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 779YG UT WOS:000189329600008 ER PT J AU Roark, SE Cabrera-Fonseca, J Milazzo, MC White, JH Wander, JD AF Roark, SE Cabrera-Fonseca, J Milazzo, MC White, JH Wander, JD TI Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic liquids SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID OXIDE COMPOSITE CATALYSTS; LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SUPPORTED CATALYSTS; METAL-CATALYSTS; GOLD CATALYSTS; NOBLE-METAL; DOPED CERIA; KINETICS; COMBUSTION AB Metal oxide and supported-Pt catalysts were developed for complete oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other solvent-derived organic vapors (OVs) in air at relatively low temperatures. The goal for this work is to produce a simple, cost-effective technology for reducing the concentration of organic contaminants in air to acceptable levels before the air is released into the atmosphere or recirculated. Specific applications include ventilated work spaces for spray painting and engine maintenance, indoor air decontamination, dry cleaning, food processing, fume hoods, residential use, and solvent-intensive industrial processes. Catalyst powders and monolith-supported catalysts were screened for conversion of I-butanol, toluene, and methyl ethyl ketone to carbon dioxide and water. The concentration of OVs in the feedstream was maintained at approximately 100 ppmv, and the space velocity was between 6,000 and 18,000 h(-1). Metal oxide catalysts without Pt generated complete conversion of 1-butanol to CO(2) at 150degreesC, 69% conversion at 100degreesC, and 15% conversion at 80degreesC. For toluene, complete conversion was achieved at 200degreesC, and greater than 75% conversion at 150degreesC. Addition of Pt to the metal oxide compositions typically lowered the temperature for a given OV oxidation rate by at least 20-50degreesC. Catalysts deposited onto standard commercial cordierite monoliths retained their composition and activity, and were stable in humid air, as well as nitrogen- and chlorine-containing OVs. However, the catalysts quickly deactivated in the presence of sulfur and phosphorus. C1 Eltron Res Inc, Adv Chem Proc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLQF, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Roark, SE (reprint author), Eltron Res Inc, Adv Chem Proc, 4600 Nautilus Ct S, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2004 VL 130 IS 3 BP 329 EP 337 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:3(329) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 779YG UT WOS:000189329600015 ER PT J AU Holsapple, R Venkataraman, R Doman, D AF Holsapple, R Venkataraman, R Doman, D TI New, fast numerical method for solving two-point boundary-value problems SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Holsapple, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 301 EP 304 DI 10.2514/1.1329 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 802UP UT WOS:000220188700016 ER PT J AU Sithiprasasna, R Jaichapor, B Chanaimongkol, S Khongtak, P Lealsirivattanakul, T Tiang-Trong, S Burkett, DA Perich, MJ Wirtz, RA Coleman, RE AF Sithiprasasna, R Jaichapor, B Chanaimongkol, S Khongtak, P Lealsirivattanakul, T Tiang-Trong, S Burkett, DA Perich, MJ Wirtz, RA Coleman, RE TI Evaluation of candidate traps as tools for conducting surveillance for Anopheles mosquitoes in a malaria-endemic area in western Thailand SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles; surveillance; malaria; Plasmodium; traps ID LIGHT TRAPS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; KANO-PLAIN; VECTOR; CULICIDAE; RESPONSES; TANZANIA; VILLAGE AB The effectiveness of five mosquito traps at sampling anopheline mosquitoes was compared with landing/biting (L/B) collections in western Thailand. Traps evaluated included a CDC style light trap (CDC LT) with dry ice, the American Biophysics Corporation (ABC) standard light trap (ABC LT) with dry ice and octenol, the ABC counterflow geometry (CFG) trap with dry ice and octenol, the ABC mosquito magnet (MM) trap with octenol, and the Nicosia and Reinhardt Company Mosquito Attractor Device (N&R trap). Mosquito numbers captured in landing-biting collections were 5.2,7.0,7.3,31.1, and 168.8 times greater than those collected in the ABC LT, MM, CDC LT, CFG, and N&R traps, respectively, for Anopheles minimus Theobald, the predominant malaria vector in the region. Similar results were obtained for the secondary malaria vectors Anopheles maculatus Theobald and Anopheles sawadwongporni Rattanarithikul & Green. Only Anopheles kochi Doenitz was collected in significantly, greater numbers in the CDC LT, ABC LT, and MM traps compared with L/B collections. Although none of the traps were as effective as L/B collections, the ABC LT, MM, and CDC LT were the best alternatives to human bait for the collection of anopheline malaria vectors in Thailand. C1 USA, Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Risk Analysis, Okinawa, Japan. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Burkett, DA (reprint author), USA, Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. EM coleman@amedd.army.mil NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 41 IS 2 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.2.151 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 802TJ UT WOS:000220185500002 PM 15061272 ER PT J AU Sarkisov, SS Radovanova, EI Peterson, BH Leyderman, A Curley, M Fleitz, PA AF Sarkisov, SS Radovanova, EI Peterson, BH Leyderman, A Curley, M Fleitz, PA TI Optical spectroscopy and nonlinear transmittance study of fullerene C-60 in mixtures with 2-cyclooctylamino-5-nitropyridine (COANP) SO JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL PHYSICS & MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE fullerene; optical limiting; COANP; amino-compounds; infrared spectroscopy ID CRYSTAL; GROWTH AB Characterization of the infrared absorption spectrum of the solutions of fullerene C-60 with 2-cyclooctylamino-5-nitropyridine additive has been performed with the focus on possible bonding with the amino-group of the additive. No occurrence of such bonding was found at normal conditions. Also no change of optical absorption in visible region and optical limiting of fullerene due to chemical bonding with the additive was detected. The resulting optical properties of the mixture were simply a sum of the properties of the components for a molar proportion of the additive to fullerene approaching 200:1. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RAN, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194291, Russia. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sarkisov, SS (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, 4900 Meridian St,POB 1268, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM ssarkisov@aamu.edu; radeli2002@mail.ru; mcurley@aamu.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-8635 J9 J NONLINEAR OPT PHYS JI J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 113 EP 127 DI 10.1142/S0218863504001797 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 820YN UT WOS:000221426100011 ER PT J AU Marcum, SD Parish, JW Ganguly, BN AF Marcum, SD Parish, JW Ganguly, BN TI Methane dissociation in pulsed dc discharges at high reduced electric field SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; H-2-N-2 GAS-MIXTURES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; GLOW-DISCHARGES; PLASMA; EFFICIENCY; IGNITION; ATOMS; OPTIMIZATION; ACTINOMETRY AB High-speed discharge imaging, current/voltage characteristic, and time-resolved emission spectroscopic measurements were performed on fast-rise (20 ns), short-pulsed (400 ns), high-voltage (4-8 kV) dc discharges into CH4 and pure H-2 flows at 50 torr as functions of discharge gap (0.25-1.00 cm). Additionally, the discharges were spectrally imaged using plasma emissions from the C-2 bands near 516 nm and the CH band at 431 nm. The dependence of discharge homogeneity on discharge gap at constant pressure and discharge gas preionization are documented. Current/voltage measurements with variable gap give a sheath voltage drop of 300 V and an average E/N of 80 Townsends during the steady-state portion of the discharges, and up to 300 Td during the early part of the discharge pulse (5-kV drive voltage). Under conditions that enhance discharge inhomogeneity, C-2 emissions are substantially brighter (similar tofactor of 7) than when the discharge is diffuse. This suggests that the buildup of carbon clusters on the discharge electrodes plays a role in the formation of highly inhomogeneous discharge geometries. Time-resolved measurements of H-alpha radiation in CH4 and H-2 discharges suggest significant H-atom production (similar to10(14) H atoms/cm(3)) during a single discharge pulse into CH4 with 5.6-mJ (0.70-mJ/cm(3)) pulse energy. C1 Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marcum, SD (reprint author), Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 360 EP 368 DI 10.2514/1.9261 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 805MB UT WOS:000220369300019 ER PT J AU Jones, MSC AF Jones, MSC TI Subcutaneous estrogen replacement therapy SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE estrogen replacement therapy; estradiol; menopause; biodegradable implants ID PERCUTANEOUS ESTRADIOL IMPLANTS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; 25 MG; HORMONE; TESTOSTERONE; OOPHORECTOMY; HYSTERECTOMY; SYMPTOMS AB Subcutaneons estrogen replacement involves placement of estradiol pellets in the subcutaneous area of the lower abdomen or buttocks. Physiologic levels of estradiol are obtained, and follicle stimulating, hormone levels are suppressed, similar to values found diving premenopause. Insertion is a minor office procedure, with the usual starting dose of 25 mg of estradiol placed; it provides climacteric symptom relief and osteoporosis protection as well as the many other benefits of estrogen replacement. Supplementation with testosterone pellets can be performed, if indicated, at the same time. Patients with an intact uteris require progesterone therapy to protect the endometrium, as do patients using other forms of estrogen replacement. Return of climacteric symptoms, combined with serum levels, can be used to determine the timing of redosing, which is about every 6 months for most patients. C1 USAF, Med Grp 81, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. RP Jones, MSC (reprint author), USAF, Med Grp 81, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 310 Fisher St,Suite 1A-132, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM stephen.jones@keesler.af.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 807UO UT WOS:000220526600001 PM 15098881 ER PT J AU Neiberg, M AF Neiberg, M TI Doughboy's, the Great War, and the remaking of America. SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Neiberg, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV PRESS PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV J SOCIAL HIST, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0022-4529 J9 J SOC HIST JI J. Soc. Hist. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 37 IS 3 BP 778 EP 780 DI 10.1353/jsh.2004.0017 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 804XW UT WOS:000220332400013 ER PT J AU McFarland, MJ Watkins, JW Kordich, MM Pollet, DA Palmer, GR AF McFarland, MJ Watkins, JW Kordich, MM Pollet, DA Palmer, GR TI Use of noise attenuation modeling in managing missile motor detonation activities SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Sound Intensity Prediction System (SIPS) and Blast Operation Overpressure Model (BOOM) are semiempirical sound models that are employed by the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) to predict whether noise levels from the detonation of large missile motors will exceed regulatory thresholds. Field validation of SIPS confirmed that the model was effective in limiting the number of detonations of large missile motors that could potentially result in a regulatory noise exceedance. Although the SIPS accurately predicted the impact of weather on detonation noise propagation, regulators have required that the more conservative BOOM model be employed in conjunction with SIPS in evaluating peak noise levels in populated areas. By simultaneously considering the output of both models, in 2001, UTTR detonated 104 missile motors having net explosive weights (NEW) that ranged between 14,960 and 38,938 lb without a recorded public noise complaint. Based on the encouraging results, the U.S. Department of Defense is considering expanding the application of these noise models to support the detonation of missile motors having a NEW of 81,000 lb. Recent modeling results suggest that, under appropriate weather conditions, missile motors containing up to 96,000 lb NEW can be detonated at the UTTR without exceeding the regulatory noise limit of 134 decibels (dB). C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Weapon Integrat & Technol Branch, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. USAF, Hill Air Force Base, Environm Management Compliance Div, Ogden, UT USA. RP McFarland, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 130 South 1000 East, River Hts, UT 84321 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 54 IS 3 BP 342 EP 351 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 800LR UT WOS:000220030300008 PM 15061615 ER PT J AU Wu, HY Sun, L Moul, JW Wu, HY McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Kusuda, L Donahue, T Foley, J Chung, A Sexton, W Soderdahl, D AF Wu, HY Sun, L Moul, JW Wu, HY McLeod, DG Amling, C Lance, R Kusuda, L Donahue, T Foley, J Chung, A Sexton, W Soderdahl, D TI Watchful waiting and factors predictive of secondary treatment of localized prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; prognosis; prostate-specific antigen ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; ANTIGEN; PROGRESSION; MANAGEMENT; CARCINOMA; DATABASE; SURVIVAL; GRADE; MEN; ERA AB Purpose: Watchful waiting remains an important treatment option for some patients with localized prostate cancer. We defined the demographic, clinical and outcome features of men selecting watchful waiting as an initial treatment strategy, and determined factors predictive of eventual progression to secondary treatment. Materials and Methods: Of 8,390 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1990 to 2001 in the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research Database, 1,158 patients chose watchful waiting as initial treatment. The demographic and clinical differences between patients on watchful waiting and those choosing other initial treatments were compared using the chi-square test. Secondary treatment-free survival according to various prognostic factors was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences were tested using the log rank test. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to determine which factors were independent predictors of secondary treatment. Results: Compared to other patients, those selecting watchful waiting were older, had lower prostate specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis, and were more likely to have lower stage (cT1) and lower grade (Gleason sum 7 or less) cancers. Age, PSA and clinical stage were all significant and independent predictors of secondary treatment. The relative risk of secondary treatment can be expressed as EXP (-0.034 x age at diagnosis + 0.284 x LOG (diagnostic PSA) + 0.271 x clinical stage T2 + 0.264 x clinical stage T3). Conclusions: Men who elect watchful waiting as initial management for prostate cancer are older with lower Gleason sums and serum PSA. In these men, age at diagnosis, serum PSA and clinical stage are the most significant predictors of requiring or selecting secondary treatment. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. San Diego Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Portsmouth Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Augusta, GA USA. RP Sun, L (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM lsun@cpdr.orgjmoul@cpdr.org NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 171 IS 3 BP 1111 EP 1116 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000113300.74132.8b PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 774DU UT WOS:000188965100020 PM 14767282 ER PT J AU Moul, JW Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Amling, C Donahue, T Kusuda, L Sexton, W O'Reilly, K Hernandez, J Chung, A Soderdahl, D AF Moul, JW Wu, HY Sun, L McLeod, DG Amling, C Donahue, T Kusuda, L Sexton, W O'Reilly, K Hernandez, J Chung, A Soderdahl, D TI Early versus delayed hormonal therapy for prostate specific antigen only recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; recurrence; prostate-specific antigen; hormones; prostatectomy ID OF-DEFENSE CENTER; ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION; PSA; PROGRESSION; DATABASE; ERA AB Purpose: Hormonal therapy (HT) is the current mainstay of systemic treatment for prostate specific antigen (PSA) only recurrence (PSAR), however, there is virtually no published literature comparing HT to observation in the clinical setting. The goal of this study was to examine the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research observational database to compare clinical outcomes in men who experienced PSAR after radical prostatectomy by early versus delayed use of HT and by a risk stratified approach. Materials and Methods: Of 5,382 men in the database who underwent primary radical prostatectomy (RP), 4,967 patients were treated in the PSA-era between 1988 and December 2002. Of those patients 1,352 men who had PSAR (PSA after surgery greater than 0.2 ng/ml) and had postoperative followup greater than 6 months were used as the study cohort. These patients were further divided into an early HT group in which patients (355) received HT after PSA only recurrence but before clinical metastasis and a late HT group for patients (997) who received no HT before clinical metastasis or by current followup. The primary end point was the development of clinical metastases. Of the 1,352 patients with PSAR clinical metastases developed in 103 (7.6%). Patients were also stratified by surgical Gleason sum, PSA doubling time and timing of recurrence. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effect of early and late HT on clinical outcome. Results: Early HT was associated with delayed clinical metastasis in patients with a pathological Gleason sum greater than 7 or PSA doubling time of 12 months or less (Hazards ratio = 2.12, p = 0.01). However, in the overall cohort early HT did not impact clinical metastases. Race, age at RP and PSA at diagnosis had no effect on metastasis-free survival (p >0.05). Conclusions: The retrospective observational multicenter database analysis demonstrated that early HT administered for PSAR after prior RP was an independent predictor of delayed clinical metastases only for high-risk cases at the current followup. Further study with longer followup and randomized trials are needed to address this important issue. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prosate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Urol, Bethesda, MD USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Portsmouth, VA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Augusta, GA USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prosate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM jmoul@cpdr.org NR 20 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 171 IS 3 BP 1141 EP 1147 DI 10.1097/01.JU.0000113794.34810.D0 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 774DU UT WOS:000188965100026 PM 14767288 ER PT J AU Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Moser, N Jessen, G Jenkins, T Dettmer, R Via, D Crespo, A Dabiran, AM Chow, PP Osinsky, A La Roche, JR Ren, F Pearton, SJ AF Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Moser, N Jessen, G Jenkins, T Dettmer, R Via, D Crespo, A Dabiran, AM Chow, PP Osinsky, A La Roche, JR Ren, F Pearton, SJ TI Comparison of Ir and Ni-based Ohmic contacts for AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID GAN; RESISTANCE; TI/AL; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MICROSTRUCTURE; METALLIZATION; IMPLANTATION; RESISTIVITY AB A direct comparison of Ti/Al/Ir/Au Ohmic contacts on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with the more conventional Ti/Al/Ni/Au metallization is reported. The Ir-based contacts produce lower specific contact resistance (4.6 x 10(-5) Omega cm(2) compared to 2 x 10(-4) Omega Cm 2) after annealing at 850degreesC for 30 s, lower interdevice isolation currents, higher peak transconductance (133 mS/mm compared to 121 mS/mm), and higher device breakdown voltage (31 compared to 23 V) than the Ni-based contacts fabricated on the same wafer. The results are based on mapping of a large number of high electron mobility transistors (similar to250) on a 2-in.-diam wafer and show strong evidence that a relatively simple change in Ohmic metallurgy provides benefits in device dc and rf performance. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SVT Associates, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 619 EP 623 DI 10.1116/1.1667508 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 816ED UT WOS:000221092300030 ER PT J AU Alam, J Bathe, R Vispute, RD Zavada, JM Litton, CW Iliadis, AA Mohammad, SN AF Alam, J Bathe, R Vispute, RD Zavada, JM Litton, CW Iliadis, AA Mohammad, SN TI Effect of dislocations on luminescence properties of silicon-doped GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SAPPHIRE; FILMS; STRAIN AB The effect of dislocations on the structural and electro-optic characteristics of n-GaN has been studied. X-ray diffraction, Hall measurement, photoluminescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been performed to understand the interdependence of strain, dislocation, and doping concentration. The most remarkable observation of the study is the blueshift observed at a doping level N(D)similar to10(18) cm(-3) as a result of the relaxation of strain. The TEM results reveal a higher dislocation defect density at lower doping levels (similar to10(17) cm(-3)) than at moderate doping levels. Blueshift is found to result from the redistribution of the dislocation density clue to the reduction in strain at a certain optimum doping level(s). This distribution of the dislocation is such that there are virtually no dislocations at some locations, as evident from the sample MD27 with doping greater than or equal to10(18) cm(-3). (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Elect Res Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 2300 6th St,NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com RI Bathe, Ravi/A-8258-2008 OI Bathe, Ravi/0000-0002-7962-6908 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 624 EP 629 DI 10.1161/1.1667509 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 816ED UT WOS:000221092300031 ER PT J AU Motayed, A Jah, M Sharma, A Anderson, WT Litton, CW Mohammad, SN AF Motayed, A Jah, M Sharma, A Anderson, WT Litton, CW Mohammad, SN TI Two-step surface treatment technique: Realization of nonalloyed low-resistance Ti/Al/Ti/Au ohmic contact to n-GaN SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE GAN; RESISTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; SEMICONDUCTORS; NITRIDE AB A novel two-step surface treatment method has been developed to realize low resistance nonalloyed ohmic contact to n-type GaN doped with Si to 6 x 10(17) cm(-3). The removal of native oxide (oxides and hydroxides) formed on GaN surface is crucial for successful creation of nonalloyed low resistance ohmic contact. In the case of GaN, plasma etching of the material surface prior to metal deposition holds promise for developing such nonalloyed ohmic contacts. In this article, the effects of the postetch chemical treatment of the n-type GaN surface on the Ti based nonalloyed contact performance have been investigated. Contacts on samples without reactive ion etching (RIE) showed Schottky behavior. However, contacts on samples with 15 s of RIE using Cl-2 showed ohmic behavior. The contact resistivity of this contact reached to rho(s) = 1.2 x 10(-3) Omega cm(2). Treating the RIE etched sample in boiling aqua regia for 5 min yielded a contact resistivity on the order of 3.6 x 10(-4) Omega cm(2) . Dramatic improvement in current-voltage characteristics was observed after boiling RIE etched samples in KOH for 5 min. It yielded contact resistivity oil the order of rho(s)similar to7 x 10(-5) Omega cm(2). which is comparable to the contact resistivity of alloyed contacts. It was demonstrated, for the first time, that chemical treatment of postetched GaN surfaces employing KOH is very promising, for new generation of nonalloyed ohmic contacts. This study suggested that the reduction of contact resistivity results from the effective removal of surface oxides and hydroxides, which act as an impeding barrier for electron transport. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Component Technol Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Elect Res Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 2300 6th St NW, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 663 EP 667 DI 10.1116/1.1667506 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 816ED UT WOS:000221092300037 ER PT J AU Pfau, M Haigh, M Gettle, M Donnelly, M Scott, G Warr, D Wittenberg, E AF Pfau, M Haigh, M Gettle, M Donnelly, M Scott, G Warr, D Wittenberg, E TI Embedding journalists in military combat units: Impact on newspaper story frames and tone SO JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB This investigation probed whether embedded journalist coverage of the first days of the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq produced print news coverage that was either more decontextualized in form or more favorable in tone. Embedded news coverage of the first days of Operation "Iraqi Freedom" was compared to nonembedded, so-called "unilateral" coverage; and print coverage of "Iraqi Freedom" was compared with the first days of U.S. ground operations in Operations "Enduring Freedom" and "Desert Storm. " The results indicated that embedded journalists in Operation "Iraqi Freedom" produced news stories that featured more episodic frames, compared to both nonembedded reporters in "Iraqi Freedom" and overall coverage of Operation "Enduring Freedom." The results also revealed that, compared to nonembedded reporting, embedded print coverage of "Iraqi Freedom" was more favorable in overall tone toward the military and in depiction of individual troops, Nit this bias did not produce more positive overall coverage compared to recent conflicts. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Commun, Norman, OK 73019 USA. 436th Airlift Wing, Dover AFB, DE USA. Marine Corps Air Stn, Miramar, FL USA. Seventh Dist PADET, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Pfau, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Commun, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 5 PU ASSN EDUC JOURNALISM MASS COMMUNICATION PI COLUMBIA PA UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF JOURNALISM, COLUMBIA, SC 29208 USA SN 1077-6990 J9 JOURNALISM MASS COMM JI Journal. Mass Commun. Q. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 81 IS 1 BP 74 EP 88 PG 15 WC Communication SC Communication GA 822XA UT WOS:000221572800005 ER PT J AU Egleston, PD Lenker, TD Narayan, SK AF Egleston, PD Lenker, TD Narayan, SK TI The nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem SO LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference of the International-Linear-Algebra-Society CY JUN 10-13, 2002 CL Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL SP Int Linear Algebra Soc HO Auburn Univ DE inverse eigenvalue problem; symmetric matrices; spectrum of matrix ID MATRICES AB Let sigma = (gimel(1), . . . , gimel(n)) be a list of complex numbers. The nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem (NIEP) is the problem of determining necessary and sufficient conditions in order that sigma be the spectrum of ail entrywise nonnegative n x n matrix. Our purpose is to give an overview of the NIEP, its history, modern results, and subproblems with particular emphasis on symmetric realizing matrices. A substantial bibliography is included. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Math, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Egleston, PD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Math, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM patti.egleston@usafa.af.mil; terry.lenker@cmich.edu; sivaram.narayan@cmich.edu NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0024-3795 J9 LINEAR ALGEBRA APPL JI Linear Alg. Appl. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 379 SI SI BP 475 EP 490 DI 10.1016/.jlaa.2003.10.019 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 778CF UT WOS:000189221000029 ER PT J AU Handy, JW AF Handy, JW TI Defense transportation: Algorithms, models, and applications for the 21(st) century - Preface SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Handy, JW (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP XIII EP XIII DI 10.1016/S0895-7177(04)90540-7 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200001 ER PT J AU Brigantic, R Mahan, J AF Brigantic, R Mahan, J TI Introduction and dedication SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northrop Grumman Informat Technol Govt, USTRANSCOM, TCJ5 SC, Joint Analyt Support Program, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Brigantic, R (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENS, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP XV EP XVI DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.005 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200002 ER PT J AU Crino, JR Moore, JT Barnes, JW Nanry, WP AF Crino, JR Moore, JT Barnes, JW Nanry, WP TI Solving the theater distribution vehicle routing and scheduling problem using group theoretic tabu search SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE vehicle routing; scheduling; theater distribution; tabu search; group theory; group theoretic tabu search; symmetric group AB The military "theater distribution vehicle routing and scheduling problem" (TDVRSP) is associated with determining superior allocations of required flows of personnel and materiel within a defined geographic area of operation. A theater distribution system is comprised of facilities, installations, methods, and procedures designed to receive, store, maintain, distribute, and control the flow of materiel between exogenous inflows to that system and distribution to end-user activities and units within the theater. An automated system that can integrate multimodal transportation assets to improve logistics support at all levels has been characterized as a major priority and immediate need for the U.S. military services. This paper describes both the conceptual context, based in a flexible group theoretic tabu search (GTTS) framework, and the software implementation of a robust, efficient, and effective prescriptive generalized theater distribution methodology. This methodology evaluates and prescribes the routing and scheduling of multimodal theater transportation assets at the individual asset operational level to provide economically efficient time-definite delivery of cargo to customers. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Grad Sch Engn & Management,AFIT ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Texas, Grad Program Operat Res & Ind Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Off Army G8, Army Quadrennial Def Rewiev Off, Washington, DC USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Grad Sch Engn & Management,AFIT ENS, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 EI 1872-9479 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 599 EP 616 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.002 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200004 ER PT J AU Barnes, JW Wiley, VD Moore, JT Ryer, DM AF Barnes, JW Wiley, VD Moore, JT Ryer, DM TI Solving the aerial fleet refueling problem using group theoretic tabu search SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE aerial refueling; military logistics; tabu search; group theory; group theoretic tabu search; symmetric group ID NEIGHBORHOODS AB The aerial fleet refueling problem (AFRP) is concerned with the efficient and effective use of a heterogeneous set of tanker (refueling) aircraft, located at diverse geographical locations, in the required operations associated with the deployment of a diverse fleet of military aircraft to a foreign theater of activity. Typically, the "receiving" aircraft must traverse great distances over large bodies of water and/or over other inhospitable environs where no ground based refueling resources exist. Lacking the ability to complete their flights without refueling, each receiving aircraft must be serviced one or more times during their deployment flights by means of in-flight refueling provided by one of the available tanker aircraft. The receiving aircraft, aggregated into receiver groups (RGs) that fly together, have stipulated departure and destination bases and each RG's arrival time is bounded by a stated desired earliest and latest time. The excellence of a suggested solution to this very challenging decision making problem is measured relative to a rigorously defined hierarchical multicriteria objective function. This paper describes how the AFRP for the Air Mobility Command (AMC), Scott Air Force Base, IL, is efficiently solved using group theoretic tabu search (GTTS). GTTS uses the symmetric group on n letters (S.) and applies it to this problem using the Java(TM) language. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Grad Program Operat Res & Ind Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Grad Sch Engn & Management,AFIT ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. HQ AMC, XPY, Unit 3L3, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Barnes, JW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Grad Program Operat Res & Ind Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 617 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.003 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200005 ER PT J AU Brigantic, RT Merrill, D AF Brigantic, RT Merrill, D TI The algebra of airlift SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE air mobility; airlift; capability; capacity; closure time; number of missions; throughput; ton-miles per day; tons per day AB This paper describes fundamental algebraic relationships that characterize the movement of cargo and passengers via strategic aircraft that comprise an air mobility system. In particular, we present formulae for computing the number of airlift missions required to deliver a given force a given distance; relationships for estimating the throughput or average daily tons that can be delivered to a particular airfield based on that airfield's operating characteristics; and formulae for estimating the force total closure time based on airlift fleet parameters and the intended operational scenario. We also provide a methodology to compute million ton-miles per day (MTMs/D), a common metric for conducting air mobility analyses and force structure capacity assessments. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Strtegy Plans Plicy & Programs Directorate, US Transportat Commannd, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. HQ Air Mobil Command, Studies & Anal Div, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Brigantic, RT (reprint author), Strtegy Plans Plicy & Programs Directorate, US Transportat Commannd, 508 Scott Dr,Bldg 1900, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. EM robert.brigantic@hq.transcom.mil; dave.merrill@scott.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 649 EP 656 DI 10.1016/S0895-7177(04)90546-8 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200007 ER PT J AU Powell, WB Wu, TQT Simao, HP Whisman, A AF Powell, WB Wu, TQT Simao, HP Whisman, A TI Using low-dimensional patterns in optimizing simulators: An illustration for the military airlift problem SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE military airlift; optimizing simulator; pattern matching; proximal point algorithm AB Optimiz at ion models are sometimes promoted because they provide "optimal" solutions as defined by a cost model. Simulation models, by contrast, are guided by rules that are specified by experts in operations. While these may seem heuristic in nature, they often reflect issues that are difficult to capture in a cost-based objective function. "Optimizing simulators" combine the intelligence of optimization with the flexibility of simulation in the handling of system dynamics, but still suffer from the limitation that the behavior is entirely determined by a cost model. In this paper, we show how a cost-based model can be guided through a set of low-dimensional patterns which are essentially simple rules determined by a domain expert. Patterns are incorporated through a penalty term, scaled by a coefficient that controls that tradeoff between minimizing costs and minimizing the difference between model behavior and the exogenous patterns. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Operat Res & Financial Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Air Mobil Command, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Powell, WB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Operat Res & Financial Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 657 EP 675 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.007 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200008 ER PT J AU Wright, SA Bauer, KW Oxley, ME AF Wright, SA Bauer, KW Oxley, ME TI The covalidation of dissimilarly structured strategic airlift models SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE airlift model; model comparison; simulation; optimization; validation AB A methodology is presented which allows comparison between models constructed under different modeling paradigms. Consider two models that exist to study different aspects of the same system, specifically Air Mobility Command's strategic airlift system. One model simulates a fleet of aircraft moving a given combination of cargo and passengers from an onload point to an offload point. The second model is a linear program that optimizes aircraft and route selection given cargo and passenger requirements in order to minimize late and nondeliveries. Further, the optimization model represents a more aggregated view of the airlift system than does the simulation. The two models do not have immediately comparable input or output structures, which complicates comparisons between the two models. We develop a methodology that structures this comparison and use it to compare the two large-scale models described above. Further, our technique has the fortunate byproduct of improving the fidelity of the models through a series of iterative refinements of the input to each model based on the output of the other. Models that compare favorably with regard to our methodology are deemed covalid models. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, 646 Swift Rd, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Sam.Wright@usma.edu; Kenneth.Bauer@afit.edu; Mark.Oxley@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 677 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.008 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200009 ER PT J AU Johnstone, DP Hill, RR Moore, JT AF Johnstone, DP Hill, RR Moore, JT TI Mathematically modeling munitions prepositioning and movement SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE prepositioning; mathematical modeling; optimization; logistics AB The Air Force's ability to deploy, employ, and sustain operations in forward operating locations is a key to mission success. An integral part of this new strategy involving forward operating locations is equipment prepositioning, to include: vehicles, aircraft support, consumable inventory, and munitions. Proper prepositioning strategies provide a means to deploy forces rapidly without resorting to an increased overseas presence. This research focuses on defining and developing a mathematical model to aid decision makers with a strategy for positioning and configuring prepositioned assets. This research places particular emphasis on the strategic, global prepositioning of the afloat prepositioning fleet (APF), the configuration of these ships with respect to precision guided weaponry, the development of a transportation plan in response to modeled contingencies, and a port selection and distribution strategy once the APF ship is tasked to support a contingency. In addition to the APF assets, the model considers U.S.-based supply points used to augment on-hand and APF-provided munitions assets. The primary objective is to minimize the overall response time involved with offloading these ships and transporting their cargo (the munitions) to the intended point of use. The Pre-Po model developed is a mixed integer program, implemented using the general algebraic modeling system (CAMS), solved using the XA solver package, and tested against a realistically stressing planning scenario. Analytical results and insights are presented along with avenues for further work. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Logist Management Agcy, Maxwell AFB, Gunter Annex, AL 36114 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnstone, DP (reprint author), USAF, Logist Management Agcy, Maxwell AFB, Gunter Annex, AL 36114 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 759 EP 772 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.013 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200014 ER PT J AU Swartz, SM Johnson, AW AF Swartz, SM Johnson, AW TI A multimethod approach to the combat air forces mix and deployment problem SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE multiattribute decision analysis; ranking and selection; heuristics C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Swartz, SM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Stephen.Swartz@afit.edu; Alan.Johnson@usma.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 773 EP 797 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.014 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200015 ER PT J AU Sherman, NP Kharoufeh, JP AF Sherman, NP Kharoufeh, JP TI Analytical modeling of joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE deployment; Stochastic models; queueing networks. ID QUEUING NETWORK ANALYZER AB We present a stochastic model for the performance evaluation of a key phase in the military deployment process, joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration (JRSOI). The process is modeled as an open, multiclass queueing network, wherein personnel and various classes of cargo are modeled as the flow entities and the phases of the process constitute individual queueing stations. We present low and high resolution models that provide a quick look at key aggregate performance measures such as system throughput and closure. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sherman, NP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT ENS, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeffrey.Kharoufeh@afit.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 799 EP 815 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.015 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200016 ER PT J AU Mahan, JM Key, WH Reckamp, K Brigantic, RT AF Mahan, JM Key, WH Reckamp, K Brigantic, RT TI Deploying the army interim brigade combat team. A quick-look approach for strategic force closure assessments SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE strategic airlift; closure estimates; maximum on the ground (MOG); army transformation; quick-look tool; hot cargo parking; airfield constraints; Interim Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) AB The United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) recently examined the U.S. Army's Vision for future small-scale contingency deployments with a focus on airlift transportation. The main objective was to provide feedback to the Army on initial concept feasibility. When evaluating transportation scenarios for future concepts, many of the key parameters impacting force closure are not yet well defined, such as the size, location, and time phasing of the deploying force, the level of hazardous cargo processing required, the size and composition of the dedicated airlift fleet, the location of the conflict, the available en route infrastructure, etc. To assess the essence of future transportation challenges, closure estimates and constraints were examined for a number of representative future scenarios. This paper provides details of the development and use of a strategic airlift quick-look tool to support USTRANSCOM's study effort. The tool supports rapid closure assessments and constraint identification for up to 42 different scenarios simultaneously. It is especially useful for evaluating best available future data and planning assumptions when time phased force deployment data is unavailable or of poor quality for making more detailed assessments. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northrop Grumman Informat Technol Govt Solut, USTRANSCOM, Joint Analyt Support Program, TCJ5 SC, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. US Transportat Command, TCJ5 AI, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Mahan, JM (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Informat Technol Govt Solut, USTRANSCOM, Joint Analyt Support Program, TCJ5 SC, 508 Scott Dr, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. EM jean.mahan@hq.transcom.mil; william.key@hq.transcom.mil; karyl.Reckamp@hq.transcom.mil; robert.brigantic@hq.transcom.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 897 EP 904 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.020 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200021 ER PT J AU Nielsen, CA Armacost, AP Barnhart, C Kolitz, SE AF Nielsen, CA Armacost, AP Barnhart, C Kolitz, SE TI Network design formulations for scheduling US Air Force channel route missions SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE composite variables; airlift; large-scale optimization; mixed-integer programming; network design AB Each month, the United States Air Force's Air Mobility Command is responsible for designing a large-scale air mobility network-called the channel route network-that is used to transport military personnel and cargo throughout the world. Traditionally, planning the channel route network has been a manual process, requiring numerous hours to generate a monthly channel route schedule. We formulate the monthly channel route scheduling problem using a traditional network design formulation, and we use price-directive decomposition to overcome tractability issues. The resulting linear programming bounds on the optimal integer solution are weak. To overcome these challenges, we apply a variable redefinition technique known as composite variable modelling. Using this technique, we alleviate the need to explicitly include cargo flow decisions by implicitly capturing them in the design variables. The resulting formulation is computationally superior to the traditional network design formulation because it achieves tighter bounds, allowing excellent integer solutions to be found quickly. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Studies & Anal Agcy, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. MIT, Ctr Transportat & Logist, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Nielsen, CA (reprint author), USAF, Studies & Anal Agcy, 1570 AF Pentagon, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM cnielsen@alum.mit.edu; andy.armacost@usafa.edu; cbarnhar@mit.edu; kolitz@draper.com NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 925 EP 943 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.022 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200023 ER PT J AU Schoeppner, GA Mollenhauer, DH Iarve, EV AF Schoeppner, GA Mollenhauer, DH Iarve, EV TI Prediction and measurement of residual strains for a composite bonded joint SO MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE residual stresses; residual strains; composite laminate; bonded joints; moire interferometry; three-dimensional analysis ID OPEN HOLES; STRESSES AB A quasi-isotropic composite laminate/adherend of IM6/3501-6 and a composite bonded specinien were manufactured and tested. The bonded specimen was fabricated by postbonding composite adherends together using a 177degreesC adhesive resin. Predictions for the residual curing strains in the composite adherends and the adhesively bonded composite specimen were performed using a thermomechanical linearly elastic analysis. The analysis was performed using a computer program based on a polynomial spline displacement approximation method [1]. The residual strains of the specimens were measured using the moire interferometry technique. Diffraction gratings were replicated at room temperature onto the edges of polished laminated adherends and on the edge of a fully cured adhesively bonded specimen. The specimens were cut through their entire thickness in the middle of the diffraction grating area, resulting in a redistribution of the residual curing stresses, with corresponding changes in the strain field at the edges of the cut. A full-field deformation pattern was obtained in the grating area by analyzing the recorded fringe patterns. The deformation field induced by the cut in the laminated adherends and the adhesive bondline were estimated by the linear thermomechanical analysis. A good agreement between the analysis and the experimental results was obtained. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Schoeppner, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CONSULTANTS BUREAU PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0191-5665 J9 MECH COMPOS MATER JI Mech. Compos. Mater. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 119 EP 134 DI 10.1023/B:MOCM.0000025486.82165.6c PG 16 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Mechanics; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 838RW UT WOS:000222731800004 ER PT J AU Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL AF Nicolaou, PD Semiatin, SL TI A hybrid micromechanical-macroscopic model for the analysis of the tensile behavior of cavitating materials SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; DUCTILE FRACTURE; CAVITY GROWTH; COALESCENCE; FAILURE; ALLOY AB A new approach, which combines both micromechanical and macroscopic perspectives of deformation, was developed to simulate the uniaxial tensile deformation of cavitating materials. By this means, limitations and assumptions of previous models were avoided. These include the limitation to the analysis of a symmetric cavity array and a representative unit cell (microscopic models) and the assumption of a homogeneous cavity distribution and failure at a predefined, critical cavity volume fraction (macroscopic models). The new model takes into account local variations in cavity density and the possible coalescence of discrete pairs of cavities not necessarily located on the same horizontal plane. The propensity for cavity coalescence via impingement or linkage (due to matrix rupture) was found to depend heavily on the initial cavity density. Simulations of the uniaxial tension test demonstrated that flow localization and thus failure occur earlier during the deformation and cavitation process when local cavity density variations are taken into account. However, the predicted cavity volume fraction at failure is the same for both the hybrid micro-macro and macroscopic models when the initial cavity density is high. In such cases, the predicted tensile ductility is therefore essentially identical. C1 S&B SA, Athens 10672, Greece. AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nicolaou, PD (reprint author), S&B SA, Athens 10672, Greece. EM p.nicolaou@s.andb.gr RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 35A IS 3A BP 1141 EP 1149 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-1017-4 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 803QP UT WOS:000220245900018 ER PT J AU Fiedler, ER Oltmanns, TF Turkheimer, E AF Fiedler, ER Oltmanns, TF Turkheimer, E TI Traits associated with personality disorders and adjustment to military life: Predictive validity of self and peer reports SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; DISCHARGE; BEHAVIOR AB This study demonstrated that traits and features associated with several types of personality disorders are related to work performance and the ability to conform to requirements of military life. The Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality and a peer nomination procedure were used to assess traits associated with 10 types of personality disorders in a sample of 1,080 Air Force recruits (57% mate) at the end of basic military training. Correlations between self-report and peer nomination scores for each set of traits ranged from 0.24 to 0.13, indicating only modest convergence. Follow-up data, collected 2 years later, indicated that several scores from the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality and the peer nomination procedure were significantly related to early discharge from the military. Peers provide useful information that is not redundant with that provided by the individual. When possible, assessment of personality problems should be considered from information obtained from peers or other informants. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Oltmanns, TF (reprint author), Dept Psychol, Campus Box 1125,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH51187, R01 MH051187] NR 20 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 169 IS 3 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IR UT WOS:000235829300010 PM 15080240 ER PT J AU Kharoufeh, JP Gautam, N AF Kharoufeh, JP Gautam, N TI A fluid queueing model for link travel time momentst SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE link travel time; random environment; stochastic modeling ID SHORTEST PATHS; NETWORKS AB We analyze the moments of the random time required for a vehicle to traverse a transportation network link of arbitrary length when its speed is governed by a random environment. The problem is motivated by stochastic transportation network applications in which the estimation of travel time moments is of great importance. We analyze this random time in a transient and asymptotic sense by employing results from the field of fluid queues. The results are demonstrated on two example problems. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Penn State Univ, Harold & Inge Marcus Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeffrey.Kharoufeh@afit.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0894-069X EI 1520-6750 J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 51 IS 2 BP 242 EP 257 DI 10.1002/nav.10114 PG 16 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 780BM UT WOS:000189351300005 ER PT J AU Olvey, SE Knox, T Cohn, KA AF Olvey, SE Knox, T Cohn, KA TI The development of a method to measure head acceleration and motion in high-impact crashes SO NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE ear accelerometers; head impact analysis; high-velocity traumatic brain injury; measured head accelerations ID INJURY AB OBJECTIVE: To establish a mechanism to obtain precise measurements of the accelerations of the head in the high-speed racing environment and during crash impacts. The long-term goal is to apply this system to the assessment of head injury in automobile racing drivers and then in participants in other helmeted sports. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team conceptualized, designed, and successfully tested a triaxial accelerometer system capable of measuring head acceleration and motion in high-impact crashes. The system has been implemented successfully in the professional racing environment. RESULTS: Accurate and reproducible data have been obtained from the accelerometer system in tests on manikins and cadavers and in actual racing events. The system has been implemented in two professional racing series in 2003. Information gained from the accelerometer system is currently being entered into a database. Eventually, the data should aid in the development of improved cockpit head protection in racing cars. Improved helmet design not only in motor sports but also in other helmeted sports should benefit from the data collected. These data will also aid the development of improved head injury protection in military aircraft and passenger vehicles. CONCLUSION: Although there has been a significant decrease in the overall rate of injury during the past 25 years, head injury remains a serious safety concern in motor sports and the greatest cause of death. Sports-related head injuries are also of great concern because repeated mild head injury has become an important health issue with potential long-term disability. True human tolerance to brain injury has yet to be established. Our scientific knowledge of brain injury is currently based on results derived from manikin, cadaver, and human volunteer testing, along with animal and computer models. The racing environment represents a venue to ethically measure and evaluate the forces involved in human brain injury. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Neurol Surg, Miami, FL 33136 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Biodynam & Accelerat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami Project Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Olvey, SE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Neurol Surg, 1095 NW 14th Terrace,D4-6, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM solvey@med.miami.edu NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-396X J9 NEUROSURGERY JI Neurosurgery PD MAR PY 2004 VL 54 IS 3 BP 672 EP 677 DI 10.1227/01.NEU.0000108782.68099.29 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 802FN UT WOS:000220149500043 PM 15028143 ER PT J AU Stewart, TL AF Stewart, TL TI Screening for aneuploidy: the genetic sonogram SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CHOROID-PLEXUS CYSTS; DOWN-SYNDROME; 2ND-TRIMESTER FETUSES; ULTRASOUND FINDINGS; NATURAL-HISTORY; SCORING INDEX; TRISOMY-18; RISK; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS AB The increase in the use of ultrasonography in the practice of obstetrics, even over the past 10 years, has been remarkable. The application of this technology in the area of prenatal diagnosis has added so much to this aspect of obstetrics that many obstetricians now devote their entire practice to this aspect of obstetrics alone. The use of ultrasound for prenatal diagnosis is appealing for many reasons. Its safety and noninvasive characteristics are certainly two of its most desirable traits. But for many patients, an ultrasound examination provides reassurance that cannot be explained by scientific facts. At least daily in our practice, a high-risk patient presents for her comprehensive ultrasound, and after being counseled at length regarding the limitations and benefits of ultrasound in the detection of aneuploidy, still asks at the end of the examination, "Do you think the baby has Down syndrome"'? Some patients seem to believe that despite the explanation of the situation, if the baby did have Down syndrome, we would know. Certainly patients are not the only people who believe this. Many obstetricians believe ultrasound to have a sensitivity and specificity that is superior to what is reported in the medical literature. Ultrasound is an excellent tool, but it is far from perfect. Like other diagnostic tools, if its strengths and weaknesses are not understood, its use can cause harm to patients. If patients are falsely reassured by an ultrasound examination, they may decide to forego definitive testing when that is indeed what they desire. Equally worrisome is the patient who is counseled that a particular finding has more significance than it does, and she decides to have an invasive test that is not indicated and not really desired. In the current intense medicolegal environment, often medical recommendations are made more to protect the providers from possible litigation than they are based on true medical opinion. Clearly, an invasive test is unlikely to miss the diagnosis and is significantly less likely to be associated with a legal action against the providers. The application of prenatal ultrasound in aneuploidy risk assessment is a very valuable tool, and based on the exponential increase in the number of research studies being published, the value is only going to increase further. This article covers the common aneuploidies, the common findings on ultrasound, and what most of the available literature supports regarding the significance of these findings in the risk assessment of patients. Although the use of ultrasound may be complicated, most patients can understand its limitations and accept and request its use, despite its not being perfect. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78248 USA. RP Stewart, TL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,59 MDW-MMNO, Lackland AFB, TX 78248 USA. EM Theresa.Stewart@Lackland.AF.MIL NR 47 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0889-8545 J9 OBSTET GYN CLIN N AM JI Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 31 IS 1 BP 21 EP + DI 10.1016/S0889-8545(03)00126-8 PG 14 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 809AH UT WOS:000220609100003 PM 15062445 ER PT J AU Kharoufeh, JP AF Kharoufeh, JP TI Explicit results for wear processes in a Markovian environment (vol 3, pg 237, 2003) SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT,ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kharoufeh, JP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT,ENS, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 196 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0167-6377(03)00097-X PG 1 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 751FG UT WOS:000187041700016 ER PT J AU Ruyten, W AF Ruyten, W TI Extension of subpixel augmented template matching to imperfectly rendered binary targets SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE synthetic reference; fiducial mark; normalized correlation; similarity measure; subpixel localization; search template; augmented template; binary target ID SYNTHETIC REFERENCES; MACHINE VISION; WIND-TUNNEL; REGISTRATION; ALGORITHMS; FIDUCIALS; DESIGN; IMAGES AB In a previous work, a new method was introduced for correlation matching of binary targets (e.g., a light, uniform target on a dark, uniform background). This new method was based on the use of an augmented search template that contains not only the occupied pixel fractions of the synthetic reference that is being located, but also the derivatives of these pixel fractions with respect to shifts of the template along the image axes. In the present work, the augmented template technique is extended to cases in which a binary target is used for image registration, but is not rendered as a binary image feature due to experimental artifacts such as specular reflection, mixed image contrast, or partial occlusion. It is shown that subpixel localization of the target can still be accomplished, by extending the concept of a single augmented template to a composite one, which consists of overlapping three-by-three subtemplates. Examples of noncomposite and composite augmented template matching are demonstrated experimentally. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Jacobs Sverdrup Arnold Engn, Dev Ctr Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Jacobs Sverdrup Arnold Engn, Dev Ctr Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM wim.ruyten@arnold.af.mil NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 43 IS 3 BP 639 EP 647 DI 10.1117/1.1646182 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 808EM UT WOS:000220552400013 ER PT J AU Jogai, B AF Jogai, B TI Complex dielectric function of AlGaN/GaN/InGaN heterojunction structures SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GAN; POLARIZATION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTORS; STATES; ALN AB Theoretical calculations of the complex dielectric function of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFETs) structures and InGaN/GaN single quantum wells (SQWs) are presented. The model is based on a self-consistent calculation of the band structure, taking into account the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations and the presence of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface. The calculated results show that the large built-in electric field at the heterojunction smears out any fine structures in the dielectric function that would ordinarily be expected from transitions between the valence band edge and the confined electron states. For HFET structures, two broad features are seen in the calculated spectra, one due to the GaN layer and the other to the AlGaN barrier. There are no features due to the confined states in the 2DEG. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Jogai, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brahmanand.jogai@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 241 IS 4 BP 952 EP 961 DI 10.1002/pssb.200301952 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 809DB UT WOS:000220616300018 ER PT J AU Look, DC Claftin, B AF Look, DC Claftin, B TI P-type doping and devices based on ZnO SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL NIAGARA FALLS, NY ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; NITROGEN ACCEPTORS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CODOPING METHOD; ZINC-OXIDE; N-ZNO AB Both n-type and p-type ZnO will be required for development of homojunction light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs). It is easy to obtain strong n-type ZnO, but very difficult to create consistent, reliable, high-conductivity p-type material. The most natural choice of an acceptor dopant is N, substituting for O, and indeed several groups have been able to obtain p-type material by such doping. Surprisingly, however, other groups have also been successful with P and As, elements with much larger ionic radii than that of O. Although ZnO substrates are now available, most of the epitaxial p-type layers so far have been grown on sapphire, or other poorly-matched materials. The lowest p-type resistivity obtained up to now is about 0.5 Omega-cm, which should be sufficient for LED fabrication. In spite of the present availability of p-type ZnO, very few homojunction LEDs have been reported so far, to our knowledge; however, several good heterojunction LEDs have been demonstrated, fabricated with p-type layers composed of other materials. One such structure, with fairly strong 389-nm emission at 300 K, involves n-type ZnO and p-type AlGaN, grown on an SiC substrate. Also, an N+-ion implanted ZnO layer, deposited by chemical vapor deposition on Al9O3, exhibits 388-nm emission at 300 K and could be economical to produce. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wpafb.af.mil NR 53 TC 440 Z9 456 U1 15 U2 124 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 241 IS 3 BP 624 EP 630 DI 10.1002/pssb.200304271 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 803RA UT WOS:000220247000041 ER PT J AU Edwards, AH Schultz, PA Hjalmarson, HP AF Edwards, AH Schultz, PA Hjalmarson, HP TI Spontaneous ionization of hydrogen atoms at the Si-SiO2 interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SIO2 THIN-FILMS; PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; DEPENDENCE; DEFECTS; SPECTRA; BUILDUP; STATES; H+ AB We present a series of electronic structure calculations that demonstrate a mechanism for spontaneous ionization of hydrogen at the Si-SiO2 interface. Specifically, we show that an isolated neutral hydrogen atom will spontaneously give up its charge and bond to a threefold coordinated oxygen atom. We refer to this entity as a proton. We have calculated the potential surface and found it to be entirely attractive. In contrast, hydrogen molecules will not undergo an analogous reaction. We relate these calculations both to proton generation experiments and to hydrogen plasma experiments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat & Mol Biol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 125318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.125318 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000081 ER PT J AU Drummond, J Telle, J Denman, C Hillman, P Tuffli, A AF Drummond, J Telle, J Denman, C Hillman, P Tuffli, A TI Photometry of a sodium laser guide star at the Starfire Optical Range SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY LASER; ADAPTIVE-OPTICS; VLT LASER; DESIGN; EXCITATION; BRIGHTNESS; SYSTEMS; GEMINI; BEACON; LAYER AB Measurements of a laser-pumped sodium guide star produced over the Starfire Optical Range in 2002 November show that the brightness of the spot produced by 11.5 W of linearly polarized power on the sky was equivalent to a V = 8.0 mag star. However, taking into account that the transmission through a V filter is only 55% at the wavelength of sodium, its corrected magnitude, V-1, was 7.4, or 800 photons s(-1) cm(-2) at the top of the telescope. In 2003 March, tests with linearly and then circularly polarized beams out of the telescope showed that a circularly polarized beam from 12 W of power out of the telescope produced a spot with V-1 = 7.1 (1015 photons s(-1) cm(-2) at the top of the telescope), 0.7 mag brighter than a linearly polarized beam from 11.1 W of power out of the telescope. Over the 4 nights of experiments over two seasons, the apparent 2sigma width of the spot varied between 3."6 and 4."6, or 1.6 and 2.0 m at 92 km altitude, and its length through the sodium layer was 4.6 - 8.5 km, but no variation of spot size with power on the sky was seen. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing Co, Boeing LTS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87185 USA. RP Drummond, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 116 IS 817 BP 278 EP 289 DI 10.1086/382756 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 802ZF UT WOS:000220200700003 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Fagin, PN Glavicic, MG Raabe, D AF Semiatin, SL Fagin, PN Glavicic, MG Raabe, D TI Deformation behavior of Waspaloy at hot-working temperatures SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE deformation behavior; slip traces; superalloys; hot working ID CRYSTALS; COMPRESSION; SLIP AB Isothermal, hot-compression tests were conducted on single crystals of a typical nickel-base superalloy, Waspaloy, to establish the slip systems that operate during hot working. Slip-trace analysis and flow-curve measurements revealed that deformation occurred via classical octahedral ({111}<110>) slip. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI Raabe, Dierk/A-6470-2009; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Raabe, Dierk/0000-0003-0194-6124; NR 14 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 5 BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2003.11.030 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 763FC UT WOS:000188063400013 ER PT J AU Roy, CJ Nelson, CC Smith, TM Ober, CC AF Roy, CJ Nelson, CC Smith, TM Ober, CC TI Verification of Euler/Navier-Stokes codes using the method of manufactured solutions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Euler/Navier-Stokes equations; exact solution; code verification; manufactured solution; benchmarking; order of accuracy ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; VALIDATION AB The method of manufactured solutions is used to verify the order of accuracy of two finite-volume Euler and Navier-Stokes codes. The Premo code employs a node-centred approach using unstructured meshes, while the Wind code employs a similar scheme on structured meshes. Both codes use Roe's upwind method with MUSCL extrapolation for the convective terms and central differences for the diffusion terms, thus yielding a numerical scheme that is formally second-order accurate. The method of manufactured solutions is employed to generate exact solutions to the governing Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions along with additional source terms. These exact solutions are then used to accurately evaluate the discretization error in the numerical solutions. Through global discretization error analyses, the spatial order of accuracy is observed to be second order for both codes, thus giving a high degree of confidence that the two codes are free from coding mistakes in the options exercised. Examples of coding mistakes discovered using the method are also given. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Roy, CJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Aerosp Engn Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM cjroy@eng.auburn.edu RI Roy, Christopher/C-5427-2013 NR 21 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD FEB 28 PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 599 EP 620 DI 10.1002/fld.660 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 772UQ UT WOS:000188860300002 ER PT J AU Nishitani, N Lester, M Milan, SE Ogawa, T Sato, N Yamagishi, H Yukimatu, AS Rich, FJ AF Nishitani, N Lester, M Milan, SE Ogawa, T Sato, N Yamagishi, H Yukimatu, AS Rich, FJ TI Unusual ionospheric echoes with high velocity and very low spectral width observed by the SuperDARN radars in the polar cap during high geomagnetic activity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE SuperDARN; polar cap ionosphere; low spectral width echoes; magnetospheric magnetic field configuration; electric field turbulence; geomagnetic storm ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; HF RADAR; AURORAL-ZONE; SUBSTORM; PHASE AB [1] The spectral width of the ionospheric backscatter echoes obtained with the SuperDARN radars has been regarded as a useful tool for locating specific ionospheric regions such as the cusp. In this paper we report the presence of ionospheric echoes with high (> 450 m/s) Doppler velocity and very low (< 60 m/s) spectral width, observed by the CUTLASS and Syowa East and South SuperDARN radars. These echoes have the following characteristics. ( 1) They have a close correlation with geomagnetic activity such that as the Dst index decreases, the radars tend to observe ionospheric echoes with high Doppler velocity and very low spectral width more frequently. ( 2) Their existence does not depend on magnetic local time. ( 3) They are located preferably in the polar cap region, where antisunward convection prevails. ( 4) They sometimes exist over a wide range, so they are more likely to be F-region rather than E-region echoes. The occurrence of these echoes during active periods is associated with the suppression of the electric field turbulence. The present result appears consistent with the previous paper by Golovchanskaya et al. [ 2002], who showed the negative correlation between the electric field turbulence level and geomagnetic activity. C1 Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa 4428507, Japan. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo 1738515, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Nishitani, N (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa 4428507, Japan. EM nisitani@stelab.nagoya-u; mle@ion.le.ac.uk; ets@ion.le.ac.uk; ogawa@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; nsato@nipr.ac.jp; yamagisi@nipr.ac.jp; sessai@nipr.ac.jp; frederick.rich@hanscom.af.mil NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 26 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A2 AR A02311 DI 10.1029/2003JA010048 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 803GE UT WOS:000220218800002 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Scott, JM Senkova, SV AF Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Scott, JM Senkova, SV TI Equal channel angular extrusion compaction of semi-amorphous Al85Ni10Y2.5La2.5 alloy powder SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE amorphous materials; powder metallurgy; scanning and transmission electron microscopy; thermal analysis ID NANOQUASICRYSTALLINE AB Al85Ni10Y2.5La2.5 alloy powder produced by gas atomization was compacted using equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). The powder particle size was below 40 mum (-325 mesh grade), the powder was partially (similar to60%) amorphous and it contained intermetallic phases. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that crystallization of the amorphous phase starts at about 220 degreesC by precipitation of Al-based f.c.c. particles and continues at temperatures above 300 degreesC by formation of intermetallic phases. Four-pass B-C route compaction of the powder was conducted in a copper can at 280 degreesC, to avoid additional formation of intermetallic phases and retain some level of amorphicity of the compacted material. A non-homogeneous deformation of the compacted material during ECAE process was detected. The powder was completely consolidated and no voids were observed in the regions where powder particles were severely deformed. In other regions, non-deformed round particles, cracks, and high porosity were observed. Microstructural analysis showed that the severely deformed powder particles contained amorphous and/or f.c.c. phases only, while the non-deformed and/or fractured powder particles were fully crystalline and consisted mostly of intermetallic phases. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 14 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD FEB 25 PY 2004 VL 365 IS 1-2 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00682-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 766HM UT WOS:000188370800026 ER PT J AU Garner, TW Wolf, RA Spiro, RW Burke, WJ Fejer, BG Sazykin, S Roeder, JL Hairston, MR AF Garner, TW Wolf, RA Spiro, RW Burke, WJ Fejer, BG Sazykin, S Roeder, JL Hairston, MR TI Magnetospheric electric fields and plasma sheet injection to low L-shells during the 4-5 June 1991 magnetic storm: Comparison between the Rice Convection Model and observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE inner magnetosphere; electric fields; storms and substorms; plasma convection; numerical modeling; current systems ID INDEPENDENT PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; RING CURRENT; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; QUANTITATIVE SIMULATION; IONOSPHERIC SIGNATURES; GEOMAGNETIC CONDITIONS; ION COMPOSITION; LOW LATITUDES; LARGE-SCALE AB [1] The major magnetic storm of 4 - 5 June 1991 was well observed with the Combined Release and Radiation Experiment (CRRES) satellite in the duskside inner magnetosphere and with three Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ( DMSP) spacecraft in the polar ionosphere. These observations are compared to results from the Rice Convection Model (RCM), which calculates the inner magnetospheric electric field and particle distribution self-consistently. This case study, which uses the most complete RCM runs to date, demonstrates two significant features of magnetospheric storms, the development of subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) and plasma-sheet particle injection deep into the inner magnetosphere. In particular, the RCM predicts the electric field peak near L = 4 that is observed by the CRRES satellite during the second injection. The RCM calculations and DMSP data both show SAPS events with similar general characteristics, though there is no detailed point-by-point agreement. In the simulation, SAPS are generated by the deep penetration of plasma sheet protons to L < 4 and Earthward of the plasma sheet electrons. Similarly, the vast majority of the ions that make up the storm-time ring current came from the plasma sheet; most of the particles that made up the prestorm quiet-time ring current escaped through the dayside magnetopause during ring current injection. The RCM demonstrates the capability of plasma sheet ions to reach all ring current orbits and predicts the location of the injected particles ( both ions and electrons) reasonably well. However, it overpredicts the ion flux in the inner magnetosphere. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rice Space Inst, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Aerosp Corp, Space Environm & Technol Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Univ Texas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX USA. RP Univ Texas, Appl Phys Lab, Ctr Ionopsher Res, 10000 Burnet Rd,F0252, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM garner@arlut.utexas.edu; rawolf@rice.edu; spiro@rice.edu; burke@plh.af.mil; bfejer@cc.usu.edu; sazykin@rice.edu; james.l.roeder@aero.org; hairston@utdallas.edu RI Sazykin, Stanislav/C-3775-2008; OI Sazykin, Stanislav/0000-0002-9401-4248; Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 NR 58 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 24 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A2 AR A02214 DI 10.1029/2003JA010208 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 803GC UT WOS:000220218600004 ER PT J AU Shih, HD Kinch, MA Aqariden, F Liao, PK Dreiske, PD Ohlson, MJ Orent, TW Robinson, JE Schaake, HF Teherani, TH Kalma, AH Roush, FM AF Shih, HD Kinch, MA Aqariden, F Liao, PK Dreiske, PD Ohlson, MJ Orent, TW Robinson, JE Schaake, HF Teherani, TH Kalma, AH Roush, FM TI Development of high-operating-temperature infrared detectors with gold-doped Hg0.70Cd0.30Te SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HGCDTE AB Excellent high-operating-temperature infrared photodiodes in the medium-wavelength infrared spectral band with cutoff wavelengths similar to5 mum at 77 K were fabricated on Hg1-xCdxTe samples (xsimilar to0.30) prepared by liquid-phase epitaxy in a tellurium-melt reactor. The samples were doped with indium to similar to1x10(14) cm(-3) and gold to similar to5x10(15) cm(-3). Thick planar diodes (similar to80 mum thick) and thin cylindrical diodes (similar to10 mum thick) of the n-on-p type were fabricated, and they gave comparable, excellent detector dark values within a factor of two. At 130 K, dark currents as low as 5x10(-7) A/cm(2) were obtained. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 DRS Infrared Technol LP, Dallas, TX 75374 USA. SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Shih, HD (reprint author), DRS Infrared Technol LP, 13544 N Cent Expressway,POB 740188, Dallas, TX 75374 USA. EM hdshih@drs-irtech.com NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 8 BP 1263 EP 1265 DI 10.1063/1.1650042 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 775RT UT WOS:000189075000011 ER PT J AU Fleischmann, TJ Walker, KC Spain, JC Hughes, JB Craig, AM AF Fleischmann, TJ Walker, KC Spain, JC Hughes, JB Craig, AM TI Anaerobic transformation of 2,4,6-TNT by bovine ruminal microbes SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE TNT; bioremediation; biodegradation; biotransformation; ruminal microbes ID NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; METABOLISM; BIOTRANSFORMATION; DEGRADATION; SLUDGE; TRIAMINOTOLUENE; MICROORGANISMS; REDUCTION AB Degradation of TNT by bovine rumen fluid, a novel source of anaerobic microbes, was investigated. Whole rumen fluid contents were spiked with TNT and incubated for a 24 h time period. Supernatant samples taken at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 24 h were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC with diode array detection. Within 1 h, TNT was not detectable and reduction products of TNT including 2-hydroxyl-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene were present with smaller amounts of diamino-nitrotoluenes. Within 2 h, only the diamino and dihydroxyamino-nitrotoluene products remained. After 4 h, 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene and 2,4-dihydroxyamino-6-nitrotoluene were the only known molecular species left. At 24 h known UV absorbing metabolites were no longer detected, suggesting further transformation such as complete reduction to triaminotoluene or destruction of the aromatic ring of TNT may have occurred. TNT was not transformed at 24 h in autoclaved and buffered controls. This study presents the first direct evidence of biodegradation of TNT by ruminal microbes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX USA. RP Craig, AM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM a.morrie.craig@oregonstate.edu RI Craig, A. Morrie/J-5857-2013 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD FEB 20 PY 2004 VL 314 IS 4 BP 957 EP 963 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.193 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 771QT UT WOS:000188798100006 PM 14751225 ER PT J AU Sinha, AE Fraga, CG Prazen, BJ Synovec, RE AF Sinha, AE Fraga, CG Prazen, BJ Synovec, RE TI Trilinear chemometric analysis of two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry data SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Capillary Chrmatography and Electrophoresis CY MAY 18-22, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA DE chemometrics; gas chromatography, comprehensive two-dimensional; deconvolution; parallel factor analysis ID GC X GC; DECOMPOSITION METHOD; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; SAMPLES; VOLATILE; SENSOR; TOF AB Two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography (GC x GC) is a powerful instrumental tool in its own right that can be used to analyze-complex mixtures. generating selective data that is applicable to multivariate quantitative analysis and pattern recognition. It has been recently demonstrated that by coupling GC x GC to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), a highly selective technique is produced. One separation on a GC x GC[TOFMS provides retention times on two chromatographic columns and a complete mass spectrum for each component within the mixture. In this manuscript, we demonstrate how the selectivity of GC x GC/TOFMS combined with trilinear chemometric techniques such as trilinear decomposition (TLD) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) results in a powerful analytical methodology. Using TLD and PARAFAC. partially resolved components in complex mixtures can be deconvoluted and identified using only one data set without requiring either signal shape assumptions or fully selective mass signals. Specifically, a region of overlapped peaks in a complex environmental sample was mathematically resolved with TLD and PARAFAC to demonstrate the utility of these techniques as applied to GC x GC/TOFMS data of a complex mixture. For this data, it was determined that PARAFAC initiated by TLD performed a better deconvolution than TLD alone. After deconvolution. mass spectral profiles were then matched to library spectra for identification. A standard addition analysis was performed on one of the deconvoluted analytes to demonstrate the utility of TLD-initiated PARAFAC for quantification without the need for accurate retention time alignment between sample and standard data sets. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Synovec, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM synovec@chem.washington.edu NR 30 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD FEB 20 PY 2004 VL 1027 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.081 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 767XJ UT WOS:000188498900037 PM 14971512 ER PT J AU Tzolov, M Chang, B Yin, A Straus, D Xu, JM Brown, G AF Tzolov, M Chang, B Yin, A Straus, D Xu, JM Brown, G TI Electronic transport in a controllably grown carbon nanotube-silicon heterojunction array SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A uniform array of a new type of heterojunction formed between carbon nanotubes and silicon is studied. The heterojunction array was controllably grown with parallel and uniform nanotubes vertically aligned to the silicon substrate using a self-organized nanopore array template. The pronounced rectifying characteristics of the heterojunction were measured with an on/off ratio as high as 10(5) at 4 V. The analysis shows a large and type-I band offset at the heterojunction. The charge transport in the nanotubes is found to be strongly coupled to and limited by the dielectric charging and polarization in the hosting alumina matrix surrounding the nanotubes. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tzolov, M (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, 182 Hope St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Marian_Tzolov@brown.edu NR 13 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 7 AR 075505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.075505 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 776VF UT WOS:000189139500041 PM 14995870 ER PT J AU Bishop, G Bullett, T Groves, K Quigley, S Doherty, P Sexton, E Scro, K Wilkes, R Citrone, P AF Bishop, G Bullett, T Groves, K Quigley, S Doherty, P Sexton, E Scro, K Wilkes, R Citrone, P TI Operational Space Environment Network Display (OpSEND) SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE space weather; ionospheric; effects; operational; display; space environment AB [1] The Air Force Research Laboratory and Space and Missile Systems Center, Detachment 11, have implemented a new system of graphical products that provide easy-to-visualize displays of space weather effects on various radio systems operating through the ionosphere. By means of a three-level Web page, the user can select the radio system (UHF, HF, GPS, or radar), the map area (global or regional theater where the radio system is located), the time (nowcast or forecast), and additional options. This system, the Operational Space Environment Network Display (OpSEND), was first installed at the 55th Space Weather Squadron, Schriever Air Force Base (AFB), Colorado, and is now producing its first four products with a new Web format at the Air Force Weather Agency, Offutt AFB, Nebraska. Radar auroral clutter maps specify (nowcast) the estimated position and strength of the auroral oval relative to radar coverage regions. UHF Satcom scintillation maps nowcast and 2-hour forecast ionospheric scintillation and its potential degradation to UHF Satcom communication links. HF illumination maps nowcast and 1-hour forecast HF communication performance. Estimated GPS single-frequency error maps nowcast and 1-hour forecast positioning errors resulting from GPS constellation geometry and inaccurate ionospheric correction. Details and examples are presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Excellence Branch,Space Weather Ctr, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80914 USA. RP Bishop, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Excellence Branch,Space Weather Ctr, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM gregory.bishop@hanscom.af.mil NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD FEB 19 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 AR RS1S26 DI 10.1029/2002RS002836 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 780HV UT WOS:000189375200001 ER PT J AU Koerner, H Jacobs, D Tomlin, DW Busbee, JD Vaia, RD AF Koerner, H Jacobs, D Tomlin, DW Busbee, JD Vaia, RD TI Tuning polymer nanocomposite morphology: AC electric field manipulation of epoxy-montmorillonite (clay) suspensions SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; DIELECTROPHORETIC MANIPULATION; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; DISPERSIONS; SCATTERING; COMPOSITES; FIBERS; ROD C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Vaia, RD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 40 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD FEB 17 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 4 BP 297 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200306039 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 803JF UT WOS:000220226700002 ER PT J AU Letz, AG AF Letz, AG TI The symbol of modern medicine SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Med Corps, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Letz, AG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Med Corps, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 17 PY 2004 VL 140 IS 4 BP 309 EP 310 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 774GA UT WOS:000188970400013 PM 14970158 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Kaspi, R Moeller, CE Tilton, ML Chavez, JR Dente, GC AF Ongstad, AP Kaspi, R Moeller, CE Tilton, ML Chavez, JR Dente, GC TI Gain and loss in an optically pumped mid-infrared laser SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; INTERNAL LOSS; PERFORMANCE; POWER; GAAS AB We report on measurements of the temperature dependence of the gain and internal waveguide loss of a 3.4 mum, optically pumped InAs/InGaSb, type II, W laser. A high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was used to measure the laser mode spectra below threshold. To obtain an accurate determination of the gain, a full-curve fit to the spectral output of the Fabry-Perot cavity was utilized. Our results indicate very low waveguide loss (aapproximate to3 cm(-1)) at 78 K, with no apparent increase up to at least 120 K. Additional measurements of the gain properties of the device reveal a rapidly decreasing differential gain (dG/dP) and a rapidly increasing transparency pump power with increasing temperature. Moreover, measurements of the peak gain at constant pumping show a rapid decline with increasing temperature. Theoretical superlattice-empiricalpseudopotential-model-based calculations suggest that the substantial differences between the conduction and valence subband in-plane curvatures contribute to the rapid decline in gain with increasing temperature. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing Def & Space Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. GCD Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM andrew.ongstad@kirtland.af.mil NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1619 EP 1624 DI 10.1063/1.1635975 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 769MP UT WOS:000188654100001 ER PT J AU Tringe, JW Uhlman, TA Oliver, AC Houston, JE AF Tringe, JW Uhlman, TA Oliver, AC Houston, JE TI A single asperity study of Au/Au electrical contacts (vol 93, pg 4661, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tringe, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 4 BP 2196 EP 2196 DI 10.1063/1.1641958 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 769MP UT WOS:000188654100094 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S AF Lee, H Mall, S TI Stress relaxation behavior of shot-peened Ti-6Al-4V under fretting fatigue at elevated temperature SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE residual stress relaxation; fretting fatigue; shot peening; titanium alloy ID RESIDUAL-STRESS; STEEL AB Relaxation behavior of residual stress in a shot-peened titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V subjected to fretting fatigue was investigated at room and elevated temperatures. Constant amplitude fretting fatigue tests were conducted at several maximum stress levels, sigma(max) ranging from 333 to 666 MPa with a stress ratio of 0.1. Two heaters, placed at the front and back of specimen, were used to heat and maintain the temperature in the gage section of specimen at 100 and 260degreesC. Residual stress was measured using the X-ray diffraction method. There was relaxation of residual compressive stress during fretting fatigue at room and elevated temperatures, which in turn manifested in the reduction of fretting fatigue life. Greater stress relaxation occurred when higher temperature, stress range and contact load were applied, however, contact load had a considerably smaller effect. Stress relaxations due to elevated temperature and mechanical load (i.e. fretting fatigue) were found to be independent processes within the test conditions of this study, such that they can be linearly superimposed to predict the total stress relaxation from fretting fatigue at elevated temperature. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shanker.mall@afit.edu NR 19 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2004 VL 366 IS 2 BP 412 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.064 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 771RA UT WOS:000188798800022 ER PT J AU Pellinen-Wannberg, A Murad, E Gustavsson, B Brandstrom, U Enell, CF Roth, C Williams, IP Steen, A AF Pellinen-Wannberg, A Murad, E Gustavsson, B Brandstrom, U Enell, CF Roth, C Williams, IP Steen, A TI Optical observations of water in Leonid meteor trails SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABUNDANCES; ABLATION AB Two simultaneous filtered images (589 and 423 nm) of a meteor trail were recorded during the 2002 Leonid storm. The first image shows Na atoms and the second Ca and Fe atoms and signals at altitudes much higher than can give rise to ablation of metals, in agreement with other observations of high altitude visible trails [Spurny et al., 2000a; Spurny et al., 2000b]. Ablation models [ McNeil et al., 1998] and analysis of the history of the 2002 Leonid meteoroids [McNaught and Asher, 1999] support the conclusion that the high altitude emissions are due to H2O+ and H-alpha,H-beta,H-gamma formed through the decomposition in the hyperthermal collision between H2O from meteoroid ice [Kresak, 1973] and atmospheric N-2 [Dressler et al., 1992]. C1 Swedish Inst Space Phys, S-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. Univ London, Queen Mary, Aston Univ, London E1 4NS, England. RemSpace Grp, S-57016 Kvillsfors, Sweden. Natl Inst Polar Res, Itabashi Ku, Tokyo 1738515, Japan. RP Pellinen-Wannberg, A (reprint author), Swedish Inst Space Phys, POB 812, S-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. EM asta@irf.se NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 13 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 AR L03812 DI 10.1029/2003GL018785 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 775PV UT WOS:000189051200002 ER PT J AU Mishin, EV Burke, WJ Pedersen, T AF Mishin, EV Burke, WJ Pedersen, T TI On the onset of HF-induced airglow at HAARP SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE HF modification experiments; artificial airglow onset ID IONOSPHERIC HEATING EXPERIMENTS; ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON HARMONICS; ASPECT ANGLE DEPENDENCE; PUMP ENHANCED AIRGLOW; ATMOSPHERE EXPLORER-C; CROSS-SECTIONS; DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION; LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; RADIO-WAVES; PLASMA AB [1] Observations of airglow at 630 nm ( red line) and 557.7 nm ( green line) during the February 2002 campaign at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) heating facility are analyzed. We find that during injections toward magnetic zenith (MZ) the green and red lines gain similar to 5 R within similar to 1 s and similar to 20 R within similar to 10 s, respectively. We term this period the onset of the HF-induced airglow. A model of the onset at magnetic zenith is developed. It accounts for background photoelectrons and dissociative recombination of O-2(+). It is shown that heating and acceleration of background electrons dominate the airglow onset. We propose a scenario for the generation of strong Langmuir turbulence for injections outside the Spitze region, including magnetic zenith. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 402 St Clements Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM evgenii.mishin@hanscom.af.mil; william.burke@hanscom.af.mil; todd.pedersen@hanscom.af.mil NR 57 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 13 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A2 AR A02305 DI 10.1029/2003JA010205 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 775QZ UT WOS:000189054600005 ER PT J AU Basu, B Retterer, JM de La Beaujardiere, O Valladares, CE Kudeki, E AF Basu, B Retterer, JM de La Beaujardiere, O Valladares, CE Kudeki, E TI Theoretical relationship between maximum value of the post-sunset drift velocity and peak-to-valley ratio of anomaly TEC SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD F; GENERATION; EVOLUTION AB Theoretical study of electron density distribution in the nighttime equatorial ionosphere shows that linear relationships with statistically significant correlation coefficients exist between the maximum value of the post-sunset plasma drift velocity and the peak-to-valley ratio of anomaly TEC. The study is based on the low-latitude density model of Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the obtained relationships are valid for the longitudinal sector of Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar whose drift velocity measurements are used. The significance of this finding lies in the fact that the maximum value of the post-sunset vertical plasma drift velocity is an important parameter for determining both the intensity and the latitudinal distribution of equatorial scintillation. When the parameter is not available from any direct measurement, the linear relationships may be used to estimate it from the measured peak-to-valley ratio of anomaly TEC. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Basu, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM bamandas.basu@hanscom.af.mil NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 AR L03807 DI 10.1029/2003GL018725 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 775PR UT WOS:000189050900003 ER PT J AU Brasseur, JK Teehan, RF Roos, PA Soucy, B Neumann, DK Carlsten, JL AF Brasseur, JK Teehan, RF Roos, PA Soucy, B Neumann, DK Carlsten, JL TI High-power deuterium Raman laser at 632 nm SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; H-2; RESONATOR; PHASE AB We demonstrate a continuous-wave deuterium Raman laser that generates more than 160 mW of Stokes output power despite severe thermal effects. This output power represents nearly an order-of-magnitude increase over any previously reported continuous-wave Raman laser and is the first such system to our knowledge that uses deuterium gas as the Raman medium. The high output power is achieved through careful consideration of the electronic feedback design, frequency actuators, and pump-laser intensity noise. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Directed Energy Solut, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Brasseur, JK (reprint author), Directed Energy Solut, 14230 Timberedge Lane, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 USA. EM jayb@denergysolutions.com NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 10 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1162 EP 1166 DI 10.1364/AO.43.001162 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 773BY UT WOS:000188878900020 PM 15008498 ER PT J AU Saksena, RS Woodcock, LV Maguire, JF AF Saksena, RS Woodcock, LV Maguire, JF TI New approach to molecular dynamics for a non-pairwise Hamiltonian SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FORCES AB In order to be able to simulate complex systems of non-pairwise additive interactions, a new computational approach, n th nearest neighbour network (n-NNN), has been proposed. In this new method, the continuous force acting on the central atom from its neighbours is a discretized multidimensional function based on the positions of the neighbours and stored in the computer memory. The memorized force is reused if an identical cluster neighbourhood is encountered once again. Here, the performance of the new method is evaluated for the 12-6 Lennard-Jones fluid and found to give reasonably accurate values for the thermodynamic properties. The algorithm is just as fast with many-body forces, as it is with pairwise additivity. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated by applying it to MD simulations that explicitly incorporate three-body forces, and then comparing the computer time with the same simulation performed with conventional MD methods. The new n-NNN approach, although fast and accurate, is dependent on large amounts of computer memory. Suggestions are made to further improve the method. C1 UMIST, Dept Chem, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Res Directorate, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Woodcock, LV (reprint author), UMIST, Dept Chem, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. EM Les.Woodcock@umist.ac.uk NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD FEB 10 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 3 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1080/0026897032000174245 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 813FZ UT WOS:000220894300004 ER PT J AU Glavicic, MG Salem, AA Semiatin, SL AF Glavicic, MG Salem, AA Semiatin, SL TI X-ray line-broadening analysis of deformation mechanisms during rolling of commercial-purity titanium SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE titanium; substructure; texture; EBSD; line broadening ID NON-CUBIC MATERIALS; SUBSTRUCTURE-ANALYSIS; HEXAGONAL CRYSTALS; VOIGT FUNCTION; DIFFRACTION; DISLOCATIONS AB X-ray line-broadening techniques were used to establish deformation mechanisms in textured commercial purity (CP) titanium specimens that were rolled at various temperatures. The results indicated that conventional line-broadening techniques developed specifically for polycrystalline powders could be used on textured materials to deduce the slip-system activity and dislocation density that develop during thermomechanical processing if appropriate averaging procedures are followed. The deduced slip-system activity and densities revealed a transition in deformation behavior from a heavily-twinned to an untwinned mode with an increase in deformation temperature for CP titanium. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Mat Proc Grp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. UTC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Glavicic, MG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rivglav@msn.com RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB 9 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2003.10.025 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 772RM UT WOS:000188855100013 ER PT J AU Mertens, CJ Schmidlin, FJ Goldberg, RA Remsberg, EE Pesnell, WD Russell, JM Mlynczak, MG Lopez-Puertas, M Wintersteiner, PP Picard, RH Winick, JR Gordley, LL AF Mertens, CJ Schmidlin, FJ Goldberg, RA Remsberg, EE Pesnell, WD Russell, JM Mlynczak, MG Lopez-Puertas, M Wintersteiner, PP Picard, RH Winick, JR Gordley, LL TI SABER observations of mesospheric temperatures and comparisons with falling sphere measurements taken during the 2002 summer MaCWAVE campaign SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MESOPAUSE; MODEL; EMISSION AB The SABER instrument was launched onboard the TIMED satellite in December 2001. Vertical profiles of kinetic temperature (Tk) are derived from broadband measurements of CO2 15 mum limb emission, in combination with measurements of CO2 4.3 mum limb emission used to derive CO2 volume mixing ratio (vmr). Infrared emission from the CO2 ro-vibrational bands are in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), requiring new radiation transfer and retrieval methods. In this paper we focus on Tk and show some of the first SABER observations of MLT Tk and compare SABER Tk profiles with rocket falling sphere (FS) measurements taken during the 2002 summer MaCWAVE campaign at Andoya, Norway (69 degreesN, 16 degreesE). The comparisons are very encouraging and demonstrate a significant advance in satellite remote sensing of MLT limb emission and the ability to retrieve Tk under extreme non-LTE conditions. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci Competency, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Nomad Res Inc, Arnold, MD USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada, Spain. ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA USA. USAF, Res Labs, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. G&A Tech Software, Newport News, VA USA. RP Mertens, CJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci Competency, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM c.j.mertens@larc.nasa.gov RI Pesnell, William/D-1062-2012; Goldberg, Richard /E-1881-2012; Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013 OI Pesnell, William/0000-0002-8306-2500; Lopez Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734 NR 13 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 3 AR L03105 DI 10.1029/2003GL018605 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 775MA UT WOS:000189043500003 ER PT J AU Givens, ML Ayotte, K Manifold, C AF Givens, ML Ayotte, K Manifold, C TI Needle thoracostomy: Implications of computed tomography chest wall thickness SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE needle thoracostomy; catheter; computed tomography; chest wall thickness ID TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX AB Objectives: To determine the length of catheter required to perform a needle thoracostomy, as determined by chest wall thickness, to treat the majority of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a potential tension pneumothorax. Methods: A convenience sample of 111 computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest in trauma and medical resuscitation patients at a military Level 1 trauma center in San Antonio, Texas, was pooled, and the chest wall thickness was measured at the second intercostal space, midclavicular line, to the nearest 0.1 cm. Results: The mean chest wall thickness in the patients studied averaged 4.24 cm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.97 to 4.52). Nearly one fourth (25) of the study patients had a chest wall thicker than 5 cm. Women, on average, have thicker chest walls than men (4.90 for women; 4.16 for men; p = 0.022). Conclusions: In this study, a catheter length of 5 cm would reliably penetrate the pleural space of only 75% of patients. A longer catheter should be considered, especially in women. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Emergency Med Residency, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Givens, ML (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Div Emergency Med, Sect Toxicol, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM melissagivens@sbcglobal.net NR 12 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2 BP 211 EP 213 DI 10.1197/j.aem.2003.09.015 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 771GQ UT WOS:000188777600018 PM 14759970 ER PT J AU Neiberg, M AF Neiberg, M TI Military education: Past, present, and future. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Neiberg, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 109 IS 1 BP 150 EP 151 DI 10.1086/530168 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 778QD UT WOS:000189251500020 ER PT J AU Cook, RJ AF Cook, RJ TI Physical time and physical space in general relativity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB This paper comments on the physical meaning of the line element in general relativity. We emphasize that, generally speaking, physical spatial and temporal coordinates (those with direct metrical significance) exist only in the immediate neighborhood of a given observer, and that the physical coordinates, in different reference frames are related by Lorentz transformations (as in special relativity) even though those frames are accelerating or exist in strong gravitational fields. C1 US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cook, RJ (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 72 IS 2 BP 214 EP 219 DI 10.1119/1.1607338 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 764GM UT WOS:000188199100012 ER PT J AU Hanly, EJ Marohn, MR Bachman, SL Talamini, MA Hacker, SO Howard, RS Schenkman, NS AF Hanly, EJ Marohn, MR Bachman, SL Talamini, MA Hacker, SO Howard, RS Schenkman, NS TI Multiservice laparoscopic surgical training using the daVinci surgical system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article DE surgery; education; robotics; laparoscopy; learning curve; daVinci surgical system ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LEARNING-CURVE; OPEN CHOLECYSTECTOMY; SKILLS; COMPLICATIONS; EXPERIENCE; SURGERY; STRESS; TRIAL AB Background: The daVinci surgical system affords surgeons a magnified three-dimensional videoscopic view of the operative field and precise articulating laparoscopic instruments. The learning curve for this advanced surgical robotics system is poorly characterized. Methods: Twenty-three surgeons representing seven surgical subspecialties participated in a surgical robotics training program consisting of standardized daVinci system training (phase 1) followed by self-guided learning in a porcine model (phase 2)., Results: The average number of recorded procedures performed per surgeon during phase 2 was 5.5. The mean daVinci system set-up time was 45 minutes and decreased by an average of 56.1% by the third successive set-up (r = -0.702, P <0.005). Operative times decreased 39.0% by the third successive practice operation (r = -0.860, P <0.0005). Conclusions: New use of the daVinci robot is associated with a rapid learning curve and preclinical animal model training is effective in developing surgical robotics skills. (C) 2004 Excerpta Medica, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vet Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Div Biostat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Schenkman, NS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 6900 Georgia Ave,NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM noah.schenkman@na.smedd.army.mil NR 20 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 187 IS 2 BP 309 EP + DI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.11.021 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 772DL UT WOS:000188825300032 PM 14769327 ER PT J AU Nguyen, SA More, DR Whisman, BA Hagan, LL AF Nguyen, SA More, DR Whisman, BA Hagan, LL TI Cross-reactivity between coconut and hazelnut proteins in a patient with coconut anaphylaxis SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMON ALLERGENIC STRUCTURES; FOOD ALLERGENS; IDENTIFICATION; NUCIFERA; POLLEN; NUT AB Background: The medical literature reports few cases of severe allergic reactions to coconut. We encountered a patient with -anaphylaxis to coconut and oral symptoms to tree nuts. Objective: To identify cross-reactive antibodies between coconut and other tree nuts. Methods: We performed commercial radioallergosorbent tests to coconut and various tree nuts using the patient's serum. Skin prick testing was performed to fresh coconut and commercial extracts of coconut, almond, Brazil nut, cashew, pecan, walnut, and hazelnut. Proteins from fresh coconut, commercial coconut extract, and tree nuts were extracted. Immunoblot and inhibition assays were performed to evaluate for cross-reacting IgE antibodies between similar-sized allergens in coconut and hazelnut. Results: Positive skin test results occurred to the coconut and multiple tree nut extracts. In vitro serum specific IgE was present for coconut, hazelnut, Brazil nut, and cashew. Immunoblots demonstrated IgE binding to 35- and 50-kDa protein bands in the coconut and hazelnut extracts. Inhibition assays using coconut demonstrated complete inhibition of hazelnut specific IgE, but inhibition assays using hazelnut showed only partial inhibition of coconut specific IgE. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the presence of cross-reactive allergens between hazelnut (a tree nut) and coconut (a distantly related palm family member). Because there are many potentially cross-reactive allergens among the tree nuts, we recommend patients with coconut hypersensitivity be investigated for further tree nut allergies. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Nguyen, SA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM steven.nguyen@lackland.af.mil NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 92 IS 2 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 776YZ UT WOS:000189148100017 PM 14989401 ER PT J AU Cable, BB Brenner, P Bauman, NM Mair, EA AF Cable, BB Brenner, P Bauman, NM Mair, EA TI Image-guided surgical drainage of medial parapharyngeal abscesses in children: A novel adjuvant to a difficult approach SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE child; image-guided surgery; neck abscess; parapharyngeal space ID NECK SPACE INFECTIONS; MANAGEMENT AB Surgical drainage of localized infections in deep neck spaces in children is often completed without a high degree of technical difficulty. However, abscess drainage within the superior parapharyngeal space medial to the great vessels is particularly challenging for otolaryngologists. Drawbacks to both the intraoral and external approaches to this area have led us to develop a new adjunctive technique that utilizes intraoperative image-guided technology to augment the intraoral approach. Here we present a case series of 12 children in whom this technique was successfully used. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Pediat Otolaryngol Serv, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Otolaryngol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Otolaryngol Serv, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Pediat Otolaryngol Serv, Dept Otolaryngol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM eric.mair@lackland.af.mil OI bauman, nancy/0000-0002-9010-8511 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 113 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 774FP UT WOS:000188969400006 PM 14994765 ER PT J AU Fournier, D Halasz, A Spain, J Spanggord, RJ Bottaro, JC Hawari, J AF Fournier, D Halasz, A Spain, J Spanggord, RJ Bottaro, JC Hawari, J TI Biodegradation of the hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine ring cleavage product 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal by Phanerochaete chrysospotium SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP STRAIN DN22; ANAEROBIC SLUDGE; RHODOCOCCUS SP; ENZYMATIC COMBUSTION; ENERGETIC COMPOUNDS; RDX BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; SOIL; OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE AB Initial denitration of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by Rhodococcus sp. strain DN22 produces CO, and the dead-end product 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal (NDAB), OHCNHCH(2)NHNO(2), in high yield. Here we describe experiments to determine the biodegradability of NDAB in liquid culture and soils containing Phanerochaete chrysosporium. A soil sample taken from an ammunition plant contained RDX (342 mumol kg(-1)), HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine; 3,057 mumol kg(-1)), MNX (hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5dinitro-1,3,5-triazine; 155 mumol kg(-1)), and traces of NDAB (3.8 mumol kg(-1)). The detection of the last in real soil provided the first experimental evidence for the occurrence of natural attenuation that involved ring cleavage of RDX. When we incubated the soil with strain DN22, both RDX and MNX (but not HMX) degraded and produced NDAB (388 +/- 22 mumol kg(-1)) in 5 days. Subsequent incubation of the soil with the fungus led to the removal of NDAB, with the liberation of nitrous oxide (N(2)O). In cultures with the fungus alone NDAB degraded to give a stoichiometric amount of N(2)O. To determine C stoichiometry, we first generated [(14)C]NDAB in situ by incubating [(14)C]RDX with strain DN22, followed by incubation with the fungus. The production of (14)CO(2) increased from 30 (DN22 only) to 76% (fungus). Experiments with pure enzymes revealed that manganese-dependent peroxidase rather than lignin peroxidase was responsible for NDAB degradation. The detection of NDAB in contaminated soil and its effective mineralization by the fungus P. chrysosporium may constitute the basis for the development of bioremediation technologies. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hawari, J (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. EM jalal.hawari@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca NR 38 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 70 IS 2 BP 1123 EP 1128 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.2.1123-1128.2004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 772RK UT WOS:000188854900060 PM 14766596 ER PT J AU Johnson, EG McCrary, BF Kruyer, WB AF Johnson, EG McCrary, BF Kruyer, WB TI Transcatheter PFO closure in an aircrew member with cryptogenic stroke: Aeromedical disposition SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE patent foramen ovale; cryptogenic stroke; transcatheter device ID PATENT FORAMEN OVALE; ATRIAL SEPTAL ANEURYSM; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; PERCUTANEOUS CLOSURE; TERM RISK; EVENTS; AGE AB Stroke is an uncommon event among military aircrew, partly because that population tends to be younger and healthier than typical stroke victims. Aircrew members suffering stroke rarely have identifiable risk factors or etiology that can be treated or modified such that return to flying duties is a consideration. In this case, an aircrew member was found to have a patent foramen ovale (PFO) during his stroke evaluation. Several studies support the association between PFO and cryptogenic stroke, but literature clearly defining the need for PFO repair in the context of cryptogenic stroke is still incomplete. On clinical recommendation from his providers, this aircrew member underwent elective closure of his PFO with a transcatheter device. After complete recovery from his stroke and an apparently successful PFO closure, he requested return to flying duties. History of stroke and PFO closure with transcatheter device were both disqualifying conditions according to United States Air Force Instructions. This case is presented as an example of an aeromedical decision-making process when confronted with an unusual case such as this. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Johnson, EG (reprint author), USAF, MC,FS,75 AMDS SGP,7321 11th St,Bldg 570, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. EM edward.johnson@hill.af.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 75 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 766PD UT WOS:000188384000015 PM 14960057 ER PT J AU Billock, VA Tsou, BH AF Billock, VA Tsou, BH TI Color, qualia, and psychophysical constraints on equivalence of color experience SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; UNIQUE GREEN; VISION; MODEL AB It has been suggested that difficult-to-quantify differences in visual processing may prevent researchers from equating the color experience of different observers. However, spectral locations of unique hues are remarkably invariant with respect to everything other than gross differences in preretinal and photoreceptor absorptions. This suggests a stereotyping of neural color processing and leads us to posit that minor differences in observer neurophysiology may be irrelevant to color experience. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Gen Dynam Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Billock, VA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Gen Dynam Inc, Suite 200,5200 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Vince.Billock@wpafb.af.mil; Brian.Tsou@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 164 EP + PG 3 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 858JM UT WOS:000224188100079 ER PT J AU Cohen, ME Leonard, DL Charlton, DG Roberts, HW Ragain, JC AF Cohen, ME Leonard, DL Charlton, DG Roberts, HW Ragain, JC TI Statistical estimation of resin composite polymerization sufficiency using microhardness SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE resin composite polymerization; Knoop hardness; hardness ratios; statistical methods AB With respect to determining sub-surface resin polymerization sufficiency, this study compared a traditional method of applying linear regression to bottom- to top-surface Knoop hardness ratios to an alternative method based on nonlinear regression. Inverse linear regression on ratios was used to estimate the exposure duration required for 80% bottom-surface hardness with respect to the top, in six light-by-material groups. Alternatively, a one-phase, two-parameter, exponential association of the form Y = Y-max (1 - e(-kt)) (where Y-max is maximum hardness, k is a rate constant, and t is exposure duration), was used to model hardness. Inverse nonlinear regression estimated, for each condition, the exposure duration required for the bottom surface to achieve 80% of corresponding condition (light and material) top-surface Y-max. Mathematically, analysis of ratios was demonstrated to yield potentially less precise and biased estimates. Nonlinear regression yielded better statistical fit and provided easily accessible tests for differences in k across tight-system groups. Another recently proposed nonlinear model, for polymerization, Y = Y(max)kt(n)/(l + kt(n)), was also considered. While this new model. has substantially greater phenomenological and mechanistic justification, we found that the model-fitting process was more sensitive to initial parameter values and sometimes yielded untenable results when applied to our data. However, we believe that these problems would not occur if sample points are well distributed across a wide range of exposure durations, and that the model, Y = Y-max kt(n)/(1 + kt(n)), should be considered for such data sets. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Cohen, ME (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, 310A B St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM mark.cohen@ndri.med.navy.mil NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 158 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(03)00087-3 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 779CN UT WOS:000189278200007 PM 14706799 ER PT J AU Meyer, TR Fiechtner, GJ Gogineni, SP Rolon, JC Carter, CD Gord, JR AF Meyer, TR Fiechtner, GJ Gogineni, SP Rolon, JC Carter, CD Gord, JR TI Simultaneous PLIF/PIV investigation of vortex-induced annular extinction in H-2-air counterflow diffusion flames SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; PROPAGATION AB High-temporal-resolution measurements of scalars and velocity are used to study vortex-induced annular (off-centerline) flame extinction during the interaction of a propagating vortex with an initially stationary counterflow hydrogen-air diffusion flame. Such an extinction process differs from classical one-dimensional descriptions of strained flamelets in that it captures the effects of flame curvature as well as dynamic strain. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements of the hydroxyl radical (OH) are used to track flame development, and simultaneous particle-image velocimetry (PIV) is used to characterize the two-dimensional flowfield. Measurements reveal differences in local normal strain rate profiles along and across the reaction zone and indicate that vortex-induced curvature in the annular region may initiate the extinction process. In addition, the effect of local flame extinction on vortex evolution and dissipation is determined from measured vorticity data. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ecole Cent Paris, CNRS, Lab EM2C, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meyer, TR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM Terrence.Meyer@wpafb.af.mil RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD FEB PY 2004 VL 36 IS 2 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s00348-003-0698-6 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 777VW UT WOS:000189202000004 ER PT J AU Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Nelson, DA Blick, DW Mason, PA AF Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Nelson, DA Blick, DW Mason, PA TI Effects of blood flow on skin heating induced by millimeter wave irradiation in humans SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic fields; radiation; nonionizing; radiofrequency; blood ID CUTANEOUS VASODILATION; STRESS; MODEL; STATE AB We have previously reported species differences in the rate of skin heating in response to millimeter wavelength microwave exposure. We hypothesized that these differences were predominantly a function of species differences in the ability to increase skin blood flow during local heating. Mathematical modeling also suggested that, in humans, the rate of skin heating during prolonged millimeter wavelength exposure would be dependent on skin blood flow. In order to empirically test this hypothesis, we determined the role of baseline skin blood flow on the rate of cutaneous heating induced by 94-GHz microwave energy in humans (3 female, 3 male) using infrared thermography and laser Doppler imaging to measure skin temperature and relative skin blood flow, respectively. Millimeter wavelength exposure intensities used were high power (HP), 1 W(.)cm(-1) for 4 s and low power, 175 mW cm(-1) for 180 s. Skin blood flow was (a) normal, (b) eliminated using a blood pressure cuff to occlude forearm blood flow, or (c) elevated by heating the skin prior to irradiation. Results showed that for the HP exposures, these manipulations did not influence the rate of skin heating. For the low power exposures, occlusion of baseline skin blood flow had a small impact on the subsequent rate of heating. In contrast, a two-fold elevation in baseline skin blood flow had a profound impact on the subsequent rate of heating, resulting in a substantially lower rate of heating. Occlusion of an elevated skin blood flow reversed this lower rate of heating. The results of these studies demonstrate that relatively small changes in skin blood flow may produce substantial alterations in the rate of skin heating during prolonged 94-GHz exposure. C1 USAF, AFRL, HEDR, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Veridian Engn, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Mason, PA (reprint author), USAF, AFRL, HEDR, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, 8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM patrick.mason@brooks.af.mil NR 17 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 86 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1097/00004032-200402000-00001 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 766BV UT WOS:000188326300001 PM 14744044 ER PT J AU Temple, MA Sitler, KL Raines, RA Hughes, JA AF Temple, MA Sitler, KL Raines, RA Hughes, JA TI High range resolution (HRR) improvement using synthetic HRR processing and stepped-frequency polyphase coding SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article AB The authors exploit radar waveform coding techniques to improve high range resolution (HRR) performance. Phase-coded, stepped-frequency (PCSF) waveforms are presented and performance characterised relative to a common 13-element biphase-coded PCSF waveform. Analysis includes PCSF waveforms using biphase coding derived from Gold and minimum peak sidelobe level codes. Synthetic HRR results for PCSF waveforms using Frank and P4 polyphase codes are also presented and achieve HRR performance rivalling their biphase counterparts. Individual code performance is analysed and characterised using a single-point target and realistic target scene comprised of 320 closely spaced complex scattering centres, representing a fighter-sized aircraft. The P4 polyphase coded waveforms achieved best overall HRR performance and were least sensitive to Doppler variation for relative velocities up to 250 m/s. The P4 polyphase coded synthetic HRR profiles exhibit similar to 7.0 dB and 10.0 dB improvement (peak sidelobe level reduction) relative to Frank and biphase coding, respectively. C1 AFIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Temple, MA (reprint author), AFIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 151 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20040118 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 777TR UT WOS:000189194100005 ER PT J AU Alford, LD AF Alford, LD TI Fly-by-wire T & E challenge SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Systems developers and testers have always assumed that human compensation is measurable, or, at least, that a cognizant and trained tester is able to identify and detect compensation. More than one study conducted at the Wright-Patterson Large Amplitude Multi-Mode Aerospace Research Simulator (LAMARS) facility indicates that this is not necessarily true. Test pilots were able to compensate sufficiently to fly and meet defined performance standards on intentionally crippled aircraft Right control designs. These flight control systems were designed to trigger pilot-induced oscillations, but, in most cases, test pilots could compensate sufficiently to prevent pilot-induced oscillations and to control the simulated aircraft. Anecdotally, this points to a colossal deficiency in the test of highly augmented aircraft systems that has been borne out by multiple aircraft accidents in actual aircraft designs: natural pilot compensation is sufficient to allow faulty designs to reach production and operational service while hiding critical handling qualities cliffs that can lead to loss of an aircraft. This observation, if applied across the gamut of human factors experimentation, has vast ramifications for test and evaluation and development of all human interface systems. C1 USAF, HW AFMC DOX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alford, LD (reprint author), USAF, HW AFMC DOX, 4375 Chidlaw Rd,Room S143, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1109/MAES.2004.1269683 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 775BP UT WOS:000189021100001 ER PT J AU Dorey, SP Havrilla, MJ Frasch, LL Choi, C Rothwell, EJ AF Dorey, SP Havrilla, MJ Frasch, LL Choi, C Rothwell, EJ TI Stepped-waveguide material-characterization technique SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE waveguide excitation; multimode waveguides; nonhomogeneously loaded waveguides; rectangular waveguides; waveguide junctions; waveguide mounts; dielectric measurements; permeability measurement; permittivity measurement; mode matching methods ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY AB Electromagnetic material characterization is the process of determining the complex permittivity and permeability of a material. Rectangular-waveguide measurements involving frequencies greater than several gigahertz require only a relatively small test sample. In an X-band (8-12 GHz) waveguide, for example, sample dimensions in the cross-sectional plane are only 0.9 in by 0.4 in. However, waveguide dimensions become progressively larger for lower-frequency applications. Consequently, larger quantities of materials are required, leading to possible sample-fabrication difficulties. Under these circumstances, a waveguide sample holder having a reduced aperture may be utilized to reduce the time and cost spent producing large, precision samples. However, this type of holder will cause a disruption in the waveguide-wall surface currents, resulting in the excitation of higher-order modes. This paper will demonstrate how these higher-order modes can be accommodated using a modal-analysis technique. This results in the ability to measure smaller samples mounted in large waveguides and still determine the constitutive parameters of the materials at the desired frequencies. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT-ENG Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1109/MAP.2004.1296183 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 813ED UT WOS:000220889500015 ER PT J AU Mitra, AK Lewis, TL Shaw, AK AF Mitra, AK Lewis, TL Shaw, AK TI Rank-order filters for FOPEN target detection SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE automatic target detection; foliage penetration; image processing algorithms; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); ultrawideband (UWB) radar AB Issues associated with the radar detection of military targets that are concealed or camouflaged by forest clutter are described. The specific sensor platform can be categorized as an ultrawideband (UWB) foliage penetration (FOPEN) synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The discussion illustrates the fact that many contemporary approaches to FOPEN target detection Are computationally intensive and/or require the implementation of elaborate training procedure's. Alternative approaches, based the application of a set of simple rank-order filters (alternately known as order statistical or L filters), are presented. Initial results indicate impressive performance levels (in terms of probability of detection as a function of false-alarm rate) with respect to baseline constant false-alarm rate computations. A number of avenues for future investigations are cited. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, Dayton, OH USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Mitra, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM atindra.mitra@wpafb.af.mil; thomas.lewis3@wpafb.af.mil; ashaw@wright.edu NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1109/LSP.2003.819856 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 766HB UT WOS:000188369600009 ER PT J AU Intrator, IP Park, JY Degnan, JH Furno, I Grabowski, C Hsu, SC Ruden, EL Sanchez, PG Taccetti, JMT Tuszewski, A Waganaar, WJ Wurden, GA Zhang, SY Wang, ZH AF Intrator, IP Park, JY Degnan, JH Furno, I Grabowski, C Hsu, SC Ruden, EL Sanchez, PG Taccetti, JMT Tuszewski, A Waganaar, WJ Wurden, GA Zhang, SY Wang, ZH TI A high-density field reversed configuration plasma for magnetized target fusion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Plasma Science CY JUN, 2003 CL Jeju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE PSAC DE field-reversed configuration; fusion energy; magnetized target fusion (MTF) ID CONVERGING FLUX CONSERVER; THETA-PINCH; COMPRESSION; FRX AB We describe a program to demonstrate the scientific basis of magnetized target fusion (MTF). MTF is a potentially low-cost path to fusion which is intermediate in plasma regime between magnetic (MFE) and inertial fusion energy (IFE). MTF involves the compression of a magnetized target plasma and pressure times volume (PdV) heating to fusion relevant conditions inside a converging flux conserving boundary. We have chosen to demonstrate MTF by using a field-reversed configuration (FRC) as our magnetized target plasma and an imploding metal liner for compression. These choices take advantage of significant past scientific and technical accomplishments in MFE and defense programs research and should yield substantial plasma performance (ntau > 10(3) s-cm(-3) T > 5 keV) using an available pulsed-power implosion facility at modest cost. We have recently shown the density, temperature, and lifetime of this FRC to be within a factor of 2-3 of that required for use as a suitable target plasma for MTF compression for a fusion demonstration. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, P24 Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Intrator, IP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P24 Plasma Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM intrator@lanl.gov RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 38 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 152 EP 160 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.823974 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 814VU UT WOS:000221003000021 ER PT J AU Kuo, S Bivolaru, D Carter, CD Jacobsen, L Williams, S AF Kuo, S Bivolaru, D Carter, CD Jacobsen, L Williams, S TI Operational characteristics of a periodic plasma torch SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ignition aide; plasma jet; plasma torch module; supersonic combustor ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PLASMA; STERILIZATION AB Development of a plasma torch, which is intended as an ignition aide within a supersonic combustor, is studied. The high-voltage discharge and plasma plume generated by the torch module are described in a quiescent environment and in a supersonic crossflow. Voltage-current characteristics of the discharge and optical images of the plasma plume are used to characterize the operation of the torch module. The principal advantages of this torch module are its compact design, durability, and operational flexibility. The torch module can be operated in periodic or pulsed modes, depending on the power supply used. In the periodic mode presented in this paper, the capacitors are charged at the line frequency of 60 Hz resulting in a cyclical discharge at a frequency of 120 Hz. In this mode, peak and average powers reaching 8 and 2.8 kW, respectively, are demonstrated. The energy can be as high as 46 J per cycle, which is mainly limited by the power handling capability of the power supply. The penetration height and the volume of torch plume into a Mach 2.5 supersonic flow, typical for a supersonic combustor startup condition (vis-a-vis the crossflow velocity), are investigated. In addition, ignition of ethylene fuel in a Mach 2 supersonic flow with a total temperature of 590 K and pressure of 5.4 atm is demonstrated. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kuo, S (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM skuo@duke.poly.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.826041 PN 3 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 814WE UT WOS:000221004000003 ER PT J AU Pekarek, SD Wasynczuk, O Walters, EA Jatskevich, JV Lucas, CE Wu, N Lamm, PT AF Pekarek, SD Wasynczuk, O Walters, EA Jatskevich, JV Lucas, CE Wu, N Lamm, PT TI An efficient multirate simulation technique for power-electronic-based systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; multirate algorithms; numerical integration; power system modeling ID DYNAMICS; MODEL AB A novel multirate method of simulating power-electronic-based systems containing a wide range of time scales is presented. In this method, any suitable integration algorithm, with fixed or variable time-step, can be applied to the fast and/or slow subsystems. The subsystems exchange coupling variables at a communication interval that can be fixed or varied dynamically depending upon the state of the system variables. The proposed multirate method is applied to two example power systems that include power-electronic subsystems. Increases in simulation speed of 183-281 % over established single-rate integration algorithms are demonstrated. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. PC Krause & Associates, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W4, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pekarek, SD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM pekarek@ece.umr.edu; wasynczu@ecn.purdue.edu; walters@pcka.com; jurij@ece.ubc.ca; peter.lamm@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 399 EP 409 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2003.821452 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 773XN UT WOS:000188951000052 ER PT J AU Laird, DJ Palazotto, AN AF Laird, DJ Palazotto, AN TI Gouge development during hypervelocity sliding impact SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE gouging; hypervelocity impact; slipper wear; high speed test track; rocket sled; CTH ID CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; CONTACTS AB The sliding interface of a hypersonic flyer/target system is subject to immense forces due to dynamic loads and the highly oblique impact of the flyer with the target. Under these severe loading conditions, the material in both the flyer and target will experience large non-linear deformation known as gouging. Using the hydrocode CTH, a numerical model of the gouging process has been created and studied to examine the underlying physics of the phenomenon. Results of simulated gouges are presented along with a discussion of the mechanics involved. Under the combination of a normal load sufficient to cause penetration of the flyer into the target, and hypervelocity tangential motion, stresses may exceed the plastic flow stress of the materials. In this case, material jets may develop at the material interface and impinge into the adjacent material. This jet formation, and the material deformation it causes, are the underlying causes of gouging. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 P St,Bldg 640,Room 102, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anthony.palazotto@afit.edu NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 205 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(03)00059-9 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 765RD UT WOS:000188296500005 ER PT J AU Dunn, JS Bent, AE Ellerkman, RM Nihira, MA Melick, CF AF Dunn, JS Bent, AE Ellerkman, RM Nihira, MA Melick, CF TI Voiding dysfunction after surgery for stress incontinence: literature review and survey results SO INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stress urinary incontinence; surgical complications; urethrolysis ID FREE VAGINAL TAPE; BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION; MARSHALL-MARCHETTI-KRANTZ; URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION; TRANSVAGINAL URETHROLYSIS; BURCH COLPOSUSPENSION; FOLLOW-UP; URINARY-INCONTINENCE; SUSPENSION; MANAGEMENT AB Postoperative voiding dysfunction is a potential complication of anti-incontinence procedures. Reported rates of urethral obstruction range from 5% to 20%. There is a lack of consensus in the literature regarding the appropriate evaluation and management of this distressing problem. A literature search was carried out using Medline (1966-2001) for postoperative voiding dysfunction. The key word urethrolysis was cross-referenced with surgical complications and stress urinary incontinence to identify all published English-language articles. The bibliographies of reviewed articles were searched manually. We also mailed a survey to the members of American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS) regarding their management of this problem. Overall, 262 members (31.4%) responded to the survey. Success rates reported in the literature between retropubic and vaginal techniques of urethrolysis are comparable, but morbidity is lower with the vaginal approach. The success rates are equivalent with (68%) or without (74%) resuspension following transvaginal urethrolysis. The incidence of postoperative SUI is acceptably low even without resuspension of the urethra (6% for both). Results of the AUGS survey reveal that most providers favor a transvaginal approach (74%) when performing urethrolysis, and they do not routinely resupport the bladder neck (82%). C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Greater Baltimore Med Ctr, Div Urogynecol Pelv Surg, Baltimore, MD 21204 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Urogynecol Pelv Surg, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Dunn, JS (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM James.dunn@60mdg.travis.af.mil NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1433-3023 J9 INT UROGYNECOL J JI Int. Urogynecol. J. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 15 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1007/s00192-003-1114-8 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology GA 814TA UT WOS:000220995800006 PM 14752595 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Hostutler, DA Hager, GD Heaven, MC McBane, GC AF Smith, TC Hostutler, DA Hager, GD Heaven, MC McBane, GC TI State-to-state rotational rate constants for CO+He: Infrared double resonance measurements and simulation of the data using the SAPT theoretical potential energy surface SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM MODEL; CARBON-MONOXIDE LASER; HE-CO MIXTURES; RELAXATION; COLLISIONS; SCATTERING; SPECTRUM; AR; COMPLEX; N-2 AB An extensive data set of 54 time-resolved pump-probe measurements was used to examine CO+He rotational energy transfer within the CO v=2 rotational manifold. Rotational levels in the range J(i)=2-9 were excited and collisional energy transfer of population to the levels J(f)=1-10 was monitored. The resulting data set was analyzed by fitting to numerical solutions of the master equation. State-to-state rate constant matrices were generated using fitting law functions and ab initio theoretical calculations that employed the SAPT potential energy surface of Heijmen [J. Chem. Phys. 107, 9921 (1997)]. Fitting laws based on the modified exponential gap (MEG), statistical power exponential gap (SPEG), and energy corrected sudden with exponential power (ECS-EP) models all yielded acceptable simulations of the kinetic data, as did the theoretical rate constants. However, the latter were unique in their ability to reproduce both our kinetic data and the pressure broadening coefficients for CO+He. These results provide an impressive demonstration of the quality of the symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) potential energy surface. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Chem, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. RP Hager, GD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM gordon.hager@kirtland.af.mil RI McBane, George/E-8870-2015 OI McBane, George/0000-0002-2790-3467 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2285 EP 2295 DI 10.1063/1.1637341 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 767XD UT WOS:000188498400024 PM 15268367 ER PT J AU Amling, CL Riffenburgh, RH Sun, L Moul, JW Lance, RS Kusuda, L Sexton, WJ Soderdahl, DW Donahue, TF Foley, JP Chung, AK McLeod, DG AF Amling, CL Riffenburgh, RH Sun, L Moul, JW Lance, RS Kusuda, L Sexton, WJ Soderdahl, DW Donahue, TF Foley, JP Chung, AK McLeod, DG TI Pathologic variables and recurrence rates as related to obesity and race in men with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; BREAST-CANCER; LIFE-STYLE; RISK; DIET; CARCINOMA; COHORT AB Purpose To determine if obesity is associated with higher prostate specific antigen recurrence rates after radical prostatectomy (RP), and to explore racial differences in body mass index (BMI) as a potential explanation for the disparity in outcome between black and white men. Patients and Methods A retrospective, multi-institutional pooled analysis of 3,162 men undergoing RP was conducted at nine US military medical centers between 1987 and 2002. Patients were initially categorized as obese (BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI 25 to 30 kg/m(2)), or normal (BMI less than or equal to 25 kg/m(2)). For analysis, normal and overweight groups were combined (BMI < 30 kg/m(2)) and compared with the obese group (BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2)) with regard to biochemical recurrence (prostate-specific antigen greater than or equal to 0.2 ng/mL) after RP. Results Of 3,162 patients, 600 (19.0%) were obese and 2,562 (81%) were not obese. BMI was an independent predictor of higher Gleason grade cancer (P < .001) and was associated with a higher risk of biochemical recurrence (P = .027). Blacks had higher BMI (P < .001) and higher recurrence rates (P = .003) than whites. Both BMI (P = .028) and black race (P = .002) predicted higher prostate specific antigen recurrence rates. In multivariate analysis of race, BMI, and pathologic factors, black race (P = .021) remained a significant independent predictor of recurrence. Conclusion Obesity is associated with higher grade cancer and higher recurrence rates after RP. Black men have higher recurrence rates and greater BMI than white men. These findings support the hypothesis that obesity is associated with progression of latent to clinically significant prostate cancer (PC) and suggest that BMI may account, in part, for the racial variability in PC risk. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Naval Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Amling, CL (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. EM clamling@nmcsd.med.navy.mil NR 42 TC 266 Z9 270 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 439 EP 445 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 770PJ UT WOS:000188738900010 PM 14691120 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Grazulis, L Brown, GJ Mahalingam, K Tomich, DH AF Haugan, HJ Grazulis, L Brown, GJ Mahalingam, K Tomich, DH TI Exploring optimum growth for high quality InAS/GaSb type-II superlattices SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE molecular beam epitaxy; superlattices; antimonides; infrared detector ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS AB Fundamental material issues in the growth of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice (SL) structures using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been addressed. The effect of starting substrate surface morphology on buffer and SL layers was studied using a 51 Angstrom InAs/40 Angstrom GaSb SL structure. Epi-ready wafers from various manufacturers had significantly different influence on the quality of buffer and SL layers. Intrinsic defects in the substrate from different manufacturing processes formed unique defects in the buffer layer that propagated into and through the SL structure. The growth temperature of a buffer layer was an important factor especially in reducing the defect level in the SL structure as studied by transmission electron microscopy. Correlations of SL layer quality with photoresponse signal strength were made. During a strain balancing process, a dramatic structural degradation was observed with InSb interfaces (IFs) thickness beyond 1.0 monolayer. SL layers with poor structural quality caused by excessive InSb IFs showed zero photoresponse. High quality micron thick, InAs/GaSb SLs with a reduced lattice mismatch were routinely obtained by optimizing growth conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 261 IS 4 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.09.045 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 768MP UT WOS:000188547000006 ER PT J AU Gilsinn, DE Ling, AV AF Gilsinn, DE Ling, AV TI Comparative statistical analysis of test parts manufactured in production environments SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; WHIRLING VIBRATION; MACHINE-TOOLS; ERRORS AB Estimating error uncertainties arising in production parts is not a well-understood process. An approach to estimate these uncertainties was developed in this study. Machine tool error components were measured on a three-axis vertical machining center Multiple parts were produced on the measured machining center then measured on a coordinate measuring machine. Uncertainty models for hole-center to hole-center lengths and orthogonalities were developed using measured machine tool errors. These estimated uncertainties were compared against measured uncertainties. The main conclusion from the study is that the Law of Propagation of Uncertainties can be used to estimate machining uncertainties. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gilsinn, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dgilsinn@nist.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1115/1.1645876 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 807WM UT WOS:000220531600022 ER PT J AU Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, NE Hubbard, GB Frost, PA Cummins, LB Dick, EJ Nathanielsz, PW McDonald, TJ AF Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, NE Hubbard, GB Frost, PA Cummins, LB Dick, EJ Nathanielsz, PW McDonald, TJ TI Abdominal pregnancy in a baboon: a first case report SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE baboons; pregnancy; non-human primates ID MUMMIFIED FETUS; MONKEY AB The abdominal pregnancy is a rare, but life threatening complication of ectopic embryo implantation. Only three cases of abdominal pregnancy have been previously described in primates: in a squirrel monkey, owl monkey and in a rhesus macaque. A 14-year-old wild-caught olive baboon (Papio cynocephalus anubis) was diagnosed at the ultrasound examination with advanced gestational age extrauterine pregnancy. At the initial laparotomy and necropsy the diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy was made on Studdiford's criteria. This case indicates the possibility of developing a model for further study of different types of ectopic pregnancy and indicates a cesarean section as a risk factor for abdominal pregnancy. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, SW Natl Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, NE (reprint author), SW Fdn Biomed Res, 7620 Loop 410, San Antonio, TX 78227 USA. EM nschlabr@sfbr.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR 13986]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 21350] NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 33 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1046/j.1600-0684.2003.00044.x PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 800OI UT WOS:000220037200009 PM 15061734 ER PT J AU Pope, RS Wolf, PJ Perram, GP AF Pope, RS Wolf, PJ Perram, GP TI A study of collision broadening in the O-2 A-band with the noble gases using fourier transform spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE pressure broadening; oxygen A-band; Fourier transform spectroscopy; line broadening; rotational energy transfer; oxygen-rare gas collisions ID DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS; RATE CONSTANTS; OXYGEN; COEFFICIENTS; TRANSITIONS; LINESHAPES; MOLECULES; ROTATION; DATABASE AB Fourier transform spectroscopy has been used to record the absorption line shapes for rotational transitions in the Deltanu = 0, b(1)Sigma(g)(+) <-- X(3)Sigma(g)(-) band of O-2 in the presence of the noble gases. We determined angular momentum dependent collision broadening coefficients for each noble gas using the Lorentzian widths that were extracted from Voigt fits to the line shapes. The values were largest at low J" and, on average, decreased by 39% for the highest J" states. Ten "scaling/fitting laws" designed for the analysis of rotational energy transfer data were fit to the broadening cross-section data. Both the angular momentum based ECS-P and the energy based EPGL-0 descriptions accurately represented the data across the entire range of rotational levels probed in this study. Pressure-induced line shifting was also studied in the O-2-Xe collision system. The pressure shifts were all negative. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wolf, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.wolf@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 223 IS 2 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2003.12.004 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 771HG UT WOS:000188779100012 ER EF