FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU D'Souza, BC Ketsdever, AD AF D'Souza, BC Ketsdever, AD TI Investigation of time-dependent forces on a nano-Newton-second impulse balance SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID THRUST STAND; CALIBRATION AB A torsional impulse balance has been developed as a new diagnostic tool to study fundamental physical processes in micropropulsion systems and laser-surface interactions. The impulse balance has been designed and tested with a robust calibration system to measure impulsive forces with resolution as low as several nano-Newton-seconds. The behavior of the impulse balance was thoroughly studied and characterized. A simple analytical model of the balance's motion was developed from the general equation of motion of an underdamped, harmonically oscillating system. Also, two distinct methods of analyzing the experimental data from the nano-impulse balance have been investigated. The first method resolves the total impulse as a function of the balance's maximum deflection. The second method enables the determination of the impulse and/or force applied as a function of time from the balance's time-resolved motion. A calibration scheme employing electrostatic actuation techniques is used to experimentally validate the model and impulse measurement techniques. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP D'Souza, BC (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 AR 015105 DI 10.1063/1.1834707 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 893SA UT WOS:000226738300048 ER PT S AU Disimile, PJ Toy, N AF Disimile, PJ Toy, N BE Brebbia, CA Bucciarelli, T Garzia, F Guarascio, M TI Fuel pool ignition caused by a pyrotechnic device SO Safety and Security Engineering SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Safety and Security Engineering CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Rome, ITALY SP Vatican City State, Senate Republic, Chamber Deputies, Presidency Council Minist Italy, CNR, Italy, Presidency Council Minist, Dept Civil Protect, Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Natl Inst Geophys & Volcanol, Minist Innovat & Technologies, Minist Commun, Univ & Res, Minist Educ, Minist Environm, Minist Hlth, Minist Infrastruct & Transport, Minist Product Activities, Natl Council Engineers, FASTIGI Consortium, WIT Transact Built Environm, Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Rome La Sapienza, Fac Engn, Natl Fire Dept DE pyrotechnic; fire; juelpool ignition; temperature measurements AB Safety protocols on both military and commercial aircraft rely on our knowledge of fire dynamics, temperature distributions and thermal mass transfer of specific chemical components. Indeed, the temperature field associated within an incendiary flash has numerous implications, particularly in the aircraft survivability arena. Our present knowledge is limited when it comes to determining the local temperature field around a burning incendiary and although there are full-scale experimental facilities these are often too expensive to perform all the parameters that are necessary to understand this type of event. Furthermore, if a fire has been initiated due to the instigation of a short duration pyrotechnic event then the scenario is further complicated, and is even more so if the event is in close proximity to a pool of fuel. Indeed, the ignition of a fuel pool by an incendiary device, such as an armour-piercing incendiary (API), has not been exhaustively covered, and it is widely accepted that the energy is released uniformly and produces a homogeneous high temperature field. This work has shown that not only is the spectral energy released some 5 times greater than that of the actual fireball, but that the pyrotechnic charge has to be within a set distance from the surface of a pool of fuel, for a particular fuel temperature, before a fire may be initiated and sustained. C1 USAF, Survivabil & Safety Flight, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Disimile, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Survivabil & Safety Flight, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4498 BN 1-84564-019-5 J9 WIT TRANS BUILT ENV PY 2005 VL 82 BP 471 EP 481 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCZ14 UT WOS:000232028700046 ER PT S AU Disimile, PJ Pyles, JM Toy, N AF Disimile, PJ Pyles, JM Toy, N BE Brebbia, CA Bucciarelli, T Garzia, F Guarascio, M TI Measurement of oxygen concentration using laser diode spectroscopy SO Safety and Security Engineering SE WIT TRANSACTIONS ON THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Safety and Security Engineering CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Rome, ITALY SP Vatican City State, Senate Republic, Chamber Deputies, Presidency Council Minist Italy, CNR, Italy, Presidency Council Minist, Dept Civil Protect, Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Natl Inst Geophys & Volcanol, Minist Innovat & Technologies, Minist Commun, Univ & Res, Minist Educ, Minist Environm, Minist Hlth, Minist Infrastruct & Transport, Minist Product Activities, Natl Council Engineers, FASTIGI Consortium, WIT Transact Built Environm, Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Rome La Sapienza, Fac Engn, Natl Fire Dept DE spectroscopy; oxygen concentration; laser diode; absorption AB Laser Spectroscopy provides a non-intrusive method for measuring the concentration of a species in a sample. This paper is a part of the development of employing laser spectroscopy techniques outside of a lab setting. Monitoring the presence of gaseous oxygen within a fuel tank is of great importance due to the volatility of the fuel/oxygen mixture and the threat it creates to the area surrounding the fuel tank. A technique using absorption spectroscopy to monitor the concentration of oxygen within the tank has been developed. Light from a laser diode is sent through a test cell containing an unknown concentration of oxygen. Oxygen molecules absorb some of the light and a photodiode measures the amount of light that passes through the cell. A correlation between the amount of light through the test cell and the oxygen concentration is obtained and compared with measured concentrations from an O-2 analyzer. It was found that there was a measurable difference in output from the photodiode when the concentration of oxygen was changed within the test cell. The laser diode system effectively monitors the oxygen concentration in real-time in the test cell and provides a simple and low-cost alternative to standard oxygen analysers. C1 USAF, Survivabil & Safety Flight, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Disimile, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Survivabil & Safety Flight, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1746-4498 BN 1-84564-019-5 J9 WIT TRANS BUILT ENV PY 2005 VL 82 BP 483 EP 493 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCZ14 UT WOS:000232028700047 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Woodward, C Zhou, SH Liu, ZK Chen, LQ AF Wang, Y Woodward, C Zhou, SH Liu, ZK Chen, LQ TI Structural stability of Ni-Mo compounds from first-principles calculations SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Structural stabilities; Ni-Mo binary compounds; delta-NiMo ID PHASE; ALLOYS; NICKEL; MOLYBDENUM; METALS; BINARY; SYSTEM; COBALT; IRON AB The Ni-Mo alloy system is studied. In contrast to the existing Ni-Mo binary phase diagram that shows three stable compounds, beta-Ni(4)Mo, gamma-Ni(3)Mo, and delta-NiMo, it is determined that delta-NiMo is meta-stable at very low temperatures. It is also discovered that two additional compounds, Ni(2)Mo and Ni(8)Mo are stable at 0K. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Wright Lab, ML, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 305 Steidle Bldg, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. EM yuw3@psu.edu RI Wang, Yi/D-1032-2013; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Liu, Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.09.007 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 867VO UT WOS:000224870800004 ER PT S AU Heitzenrater, C AF Heitzenrater, C BE Delp, EJ Wong, PW TI Characterization of steganographic algorithms using software metrics SO Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Security, Steganography and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII CY JAN 17-20, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE steganography; data embedding; benchmarking; software metrics; evaluation AB The inclusion of data hiding techniques in everything from consumer electronics to military systems is becoming more commonplace. This has resulted is a growing interest in benchmarks for embedding algorithms, which until now has focused primarily on the theoretical and product oriented aspects of algorithms (such as PSNR) rather than the factors that are often imposed by the system (e.g., size, execution speed, complexity). This paper takes an initial took at these latter issues through the application of some simple and well known software engineering metrics: McCabe Complexity and Halstead Software Measures. This paper illustrates an approach that applies these metrics to create a hypothetical, language-independent representation of an algorithm, identifying the encapsulated, measurable components that compose that algorithm. This is the first step in developing a representation that will not only allow for comparison between disparate algorithms, but describe and define algorithms in such a way as to remove language and platform dependency. Bringing these concepts to their logical conclusion highlights how such an approach would provide existing benchmarking systems a more in-depth and fair analysis of algorithms in the context of systems as a whole, and decrease variability which affects the accuracy of the theoretical and product measures used today. C1 USAF, Res Lab Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Heitzenrater, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5654-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5681 BP 264 EP 274 DI 10.1117/12.586423 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCD72 UT WOS:000228757500025 ER PT S AU Borek, SE Clarke, BJ Costianes, PJ AF Borek, SE Clarke, BJ Costianes, PJ BE Carapezza, EM TI Through-the-wall surveillance for homeland security and law enforcement SO Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C31) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense IV CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE Through The Wall Surveillance (TWS); Sense Through The Wall (STTW); Through The Wall Imaging; handheld TWS/STTW; standoff TWS/STTW AB The Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate (AFRL/IF), under sponsorship of the Department of Justice's (DOJ), National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Office of Science and Technology (OS&T), is currently developing and evaluating advanced Through the Wall Surveillance (TWS) technologies. These technologies are partitioned into two categories: inexpensive, handheld systems for locating an individual(s) behind a wall or door; and portable, personal computer (PC) based standoff systems to enable the determination of events during critical incident situations. The technologies utilized are primarily focused on active radars operating in the UHF, L, S (ultra wideband (UWB)), X, and Ku Bands. The data displayed by these systems is indicative of range (I Dimension), or range and azimuth (2 Dimensions) to the moving individual(s). This paper will highlight the technologies employed in five (5) prototype TWS systems delivered to NIJ and AFRL/IF for test and evaluation. It will discuss the systems backgrounds, applications, current states of evolution, and future plans for enhanced assessment. C1 USAF, IFEC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Borek, SE (reprint author), USAF, IFEC, 525 Brooks Rd,Suite C1, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5763-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5778 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1117/12.602897 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BCR48 UT WOS:000230925700020 ER PT J AU Abramson, MA AF Abramson, MA TI Second-order behavior of pattern search SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE nonlinear programming; pattern search algorithm; derivative-free optimization; convergence analysis; second-order optimality conditions ID CONSTRAINED MINIMIZATION; GENERAL CONSTRAINTS; SIMPLE BOUNDS; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS; CONVERGENCE; FRAMEWORK AB Previous analyses of pattern search algorithms for unconstrained and linearly constrained minimization have focused on proving convergence of a subsequence of iterates to a limit point satisfying either directional or first-order necessary conditions for optimality, depending on the smoothness of the objective function in a neighborhood of the limit point. Even though pattern search methods require no derivative information, we are able to prove some limited directional second-order results. Although not as strong as classical second-order necessary conditions, these results are stronger than the first-order conditions that many gradient-based methods satisfy. Under fairly mild conditions, we can eliminate from consideration all strict local maximizers and an entire class of saddle points. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, AFIT ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Abramson, MA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, AFIT ENC, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Mark.Abramson@afit.edu NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 515 EP 530 DI 10.1137/04060367X PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 000OH UT WOS:000234471200012 ER PT S AU Schubert, CM Oxley, ME Bauer, KW AF Schubert, CM Oxley, ME Bauer, KW BE Kadar, I TI Quantifying the performance of fused correlated multiple classifiers SO Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XIV CY MAR 28-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE classifier fusion; evaluation; ROC curve; correlation; covariance AB The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is typically used to quantify the performance of Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) systems. When multiple classifiers are to be fused, assumptions must be made in order to mathematically combine the individual ROC curves for each of these classifiers in order to form one fused ROC curve. Often, one of these assumptions is independence between the classifiers. However, correlation may exist between the classifiers, processors, sensors and the outcomes used to generate each ROC curve. This paper will demonstrate a method for creating a ROC curve of the fused classifiers which incorporates the correlation that exists between the individual ROC curves. Specifically, we will use the derived covariance matrix between multiple classifiers to compute the existing correlation and level of dependence between pairs of classifiers. The ROC curve for the fused system is then produced, adjusting for this level of dependency, using a given fusion rule. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schubert, CM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Grad Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5794-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5809 BP 390 EP 401 DI 10.1117/12.602956 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU81 UT WOS:000231336900038 ER PT S AU Ryu, SH Krishnaswami, S Das, M Richmond, J Agarwal, A Palmour, J Scofield, J AF Ryu, SH Krishnaswami, S Das, M Richmond, J Agarwal, A Palmour, J Scofield, J BE Nipoti, R Poggi, A Scorzoni, A TI 4H-SiC DMOSFETs for high speed switching applications SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2004 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2004 CL Bologna, ITALY SP Comune Bologna, Giunta Reg Emilia Romagna, Prov Biologna, Univ Bologna, President Italian Consiglio Nazl Ric DE power MOSFET; DMOSFET; switching speed; switching losses AB Due to the high critical field in 4H-SiC, the drain charge and switching loss densities in a SiC power device are approximately 10X higher than that of a silicon device. However, for the same voltage and resistance ratings, the device area is much smaller for the 4H-SiC device. Therefore, the total drain charge and switching losses are much lower for the 4H-SiC power device. A 2.3 kV, 13.5 M&UOmega;-cm(2) 4H-SiC power DMOSFET with a device area of 2.1 mm x 2.1 mm has been demonstrated. The device showed a stable avalanche at a drain bias of 2.3 W, and an on-current of 5 A with a V-GS of 20 V and a V-DS of 2.6 V. Approximately an order of magnitude lower parasitic capacitance values, as compared to those of commercially available silicon power MOSFETs, were measured for the 4H-SiC power DMOSFET. This suggests that the 4H-SiC DMOSFET can provide an order of magnitude improvement in switching performance in high speed switching applications. C1 Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. Wright Patterson Airforce Base, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryu, SH (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM sei-hyung_ryu@cree.com NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-963-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 483 BP 797 EP 800 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BCB85 UT WOS:000228549600188 ER PT B AU Kwiat, KA Ravindran, K Hurley, P AF Kwiat, KA Ravindran, K Hurley, P GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Energy-efficient replica voting mechanisms for secure real-time embedded systems SO SIXTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON A WORLD OF WIRELESS MOBILE AND MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM 2005) CY JUN 13-16, 2005 CL Taormina - Giardini Naxos, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Texas Arlington, IEEE Tech Comm Comp Commun, Ctr Res Wireless Mobil & Networking, Ist Informat Telemat, Univ Pisa AB The paper employs majority voting among replica processes to move a correct data from the environment to the end-user entity in a secure real-time application setting. The replicas may be wireless computation nodes deployed in a power-constrained environment, and the data may be quite large in size with non-numeric and non-exact contents (e.g., imaging devices in a geographic terrain). The voting protocol is made energy-efficient by reducing the amount of data processing and network-level message exchanges required in delivering a data to the user. Our optimization takes into account: 0 processing cycles expended in comparing data, ii) amount of replica data movement required, and iii) number of control messages generated. We consider two types of voting protocol: a 'centralized' scheme where replica data are collected at a secure power-abundant site to carry out the data comparisons for voting; and a 'decentralized' scheme where each replica compares its locally computed data with a candidate data to send its consent/dissent message to a central vote collating site. The paper develops a performance model that considers the tradeoffs (i)-(iii) to determine the energy consumption levels in the centralized and decentralized voting schemes. Our model allows the voting apparatus to select an energyoptipmal scheme, given the timeliness parameters and the network and processing bandwidths. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Kwiat, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13440 USA. EM kwiatk@rl.af.mil; ravi@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; hurleyp@rl.af.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2342-0 J9 I S WORLD WIREL MOBI PY 2005 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1109/WOWMOM.2005.39 PG 10 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BCO67 UT WOS:000230428500017 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Smith, JK Caldwell, J AF Caldwell, JA Smith, JK Caldwell, J TI Efficacy of modafinil for sustaining the performance and alertness of sleep-deprived aviators SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Fatigue Countermeasures Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 362 BP A123 EP A123 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906100363 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DR Eatman, R Dyche, J AF Lindsay, DR Eatman, R Dyche, J TI Sleep habits at the United States Air Force Academy SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 1049 BP A356 EP A356 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906101556 ER PT J AU Rotenberg, J DiFazio, M AF Rotenberg, J DiFazio, M TI Successful use of Botulinum Toxin A for the treatment of restless legs syndrome: A case series SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 18-23, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2005 VL 28 SU S MA 806 BP A271 EP A271 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 923JL UT WOS:000228906101314 ER PT S AU Keihl, MM Bortolin, RS Sanders, B Joshi, S Tidwell, Z AF Keihl, MM Bortolin, RS Sanders, B Joshi, S Tidwell, Z BE White, EV TI Mechanical properties of shape memory polymers for morphing aircraft applications SO Smart Structures and Materials 2005: Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2005 Conference CY MAR 07-10, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Boeing Co, Journal Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Sage Publicat, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn Inc, ISIS Canada, KAIST, Smart Infra Struct Technol Ctr DE shape memory polymer; SMP; morphing aircraft skin material; adaptive structures AB This investigation addresses basic characterization of a shape memory polymer (SMP) as a suitable structural material for morphing aircraft applications. Tests were performed for monotonic loading in high shear at constant temperature, well below, or just above the glass transition temperature. The SMP proper-ties were time-and temperature-dependent. Recovery by the SMP to its original shape needed to be unfettered. Based on the testing SMPs appear to be an attractive and promising component in the solution for a skin material of a morphing aircraft. Their multiple state abilities allow them to easily change shape and, once cooled, resist large loads. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Keihl, MM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5743-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5762 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1117/12.600569 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCN14 UT WOS:000230112600016 ER PT S AU Smart, DF Shea, MA AF Smart, DF Shea, MA BE Mukai, T Lopez, R Maezawa, K Grande, M Fennell, JF Heynderickx, D TI A review of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities for earth-orbiting spacecraft SO SOLAR WIND-MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE DYNAMICS AND RADIATION MODELS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE geomagnetic cutoff rigidition; earth-orbiting spacecraft; magnetic field; trajectory tracing ID PARTICLES; MODELS; FIELD AB Geomagnetic cutoff rigidities are a quantitative measure of the shielding provided by the earth's magnetic field. More precisely, geomagnetic cutoff rigidities predict the energetic charged particle transmission through the magnetosphere to a specific location as a function of direction. The generally accepted manner for determining cutoff rigidities is by the method of tracing particle trajectories in model magnetospheres. However, the trajectory-tracing process is so computer intensive that in the interest of economy, many approximations are still utilized. The use of modifications of the Stormer equation (with an appropriate magnetic coordinate system) is sufficient for many applications. However, for precise experimental measurements, cutoff rigidities determined by the trajectory-tracing method must be utilized. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Smart, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM sssrc@msn.com NR 25 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 10 SI 2005 BP 2012 EP 2020 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.09.015 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDY96 UT WOS:000236277300045 ER PT J AU Fellows, JA Yeo, YK Ryu, MY Hengehold, RL AF Fellows, JA Yeo, YK Ryu, MY Hengehold, RL TI Optical study of implantation damage recovery from Si-implanted GaN SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors; optical properties; luminescence ID YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; ACTIVATION AB Comprehensive and systematic optical activation studies of Si-implanted GaN grown on sapphire substrates have been made as a function of ion dose and anneal temperature. Silicon ions were implanted at 200 keV with doses ranging from 1 X 10(13) to 5 X 10(15) cm(-2) at room temperature. The samples were proximity cap annealed from 1250 to 1350degreesC with a 500-Angstrom-thick AIN cap in a nitrogen environment. The results of photoluminescence measurements made at 3 K show a very sharp neutral-donor-bound exciton peak along with a sharp donor-acceptor pair peak after annealing at 1350degreesC for 20 s, indicating excellent implantation damage recovery. The results also indicate the AIN cap protected the implanted GaN layer very well during high temperature annealing without creating any significant anneal-induced damage. This observation is consistent with the electrical activation results for these samples. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Yeo, YK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM yung.yeo@afit.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2004.11.009 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 890JH UT WOS:000226507000002 ER PT S AU Denman, CA Hillman, PD Moore, GT Telle, JM Preston, JE Drummond, JD Fugate, RQ AF Denman, CA Hillman, PD Moore, GT Telle, JM Preston, JE Drummond, JD Fugate, RQ BE Hoffman, HJ Shori, RK TI Realization of a 50-watt facility-class sodium guidestar pump laser SO Solid State Lasers XIV: Technology and Devices SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XIV CY JAN 24-26, 2005 CL San Jose, CA DE single-frequency lasers; injection-locked lasers; sum-frequency generation; sodium guidestar ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION AB A CW Na guidestar excitation source has been constructed and installed on the 3.5-m telescope at the Starfire Optical Range. This device is comprised of injection-locked Nd:YAG ring lasers operating at 1064 nm and 1319 nm and a doubly resonant cavity where sum-frequency generation of these wavelengths in LBO produces a diffraction-limited linearly-polarized 589-nm beam. Up to 50 W of 589-nm light for mesospheric guide-star generation has been produced. The injection-locked Nd:YAG lasers are capable of operating at up to 100 watts at 1064 nm and 60 watts at 1319 nm. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Denman, CA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5681-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5707 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1117/12.613370 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCH85 UT WOS:000229339100006 ER PT S AU Kervin, PW Africano, JL Sydney, PF Hall, D AF Kervin, PW Africano, JL Sydney, PF Hall, D BE Anselmo, L TI Small satellite characterization technologies applied to orbital debris SO SPACE DEBRIS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Meeting on Space Debris held at the 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 22-24, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP European Space Agcy, Int Acad Astronaut, Int Astronaut Federat, Int Astron Union, UN Off Outer Space Affairs DE orbital debris; small satellite; characterization; metrics; spacecraft AB There are challenges associated with optical observations of Earth-orbiting objects that are at, or near, the limit of detection using terrestrial space surveillance sensors. These challenges include observing small objects not just for statistical purposes, but also with enough frequency and accuracy to move them into satellite catalogs, to provide the capability to routinely observe and characterize smaller objects, and to develop the capability to observe the satellite positions with increased accuracy. Until recently, ground-based observers could easily have mistaken such small objects as debris. Given the current pace of small satellite development, it may not be much longer before operational spacecraft of even smaller size are launched. AMOS is currently developing techniques to observe and characterize these small spacecraft, and applying those techniques to orbital debris. (c) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 AF Res Lab, DEBI, AMOS Detachment, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. Boeing Co, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Kervin, PW (reprint author), AF Res Lab, DEBI, AMOS Detachment, 535 Lipoa Pkway,Suite 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. EM paul.kervin@maui.afmc.af.mil NR 15 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1214 EP 1225 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.11.038 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDA59 UT WOS:000232300700003 ER PT S AU Getley, IL Duldig, ML Smart, DF Shea, MA AF Getley, IL Duldig, ML Smart, DF Shea, MA BE Smart, DF Worgul, BV TI The applicability of model based aircraft radiation dose estimates SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: AIRCRAFT AND SPACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE aircraft radiation; dose estimates; aircraft radiation models; cosmic rays; Forbush decrease ID GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; SOLAR MODULATION; HELIOSPHERE; DEPENDENCE; SPECTRA; SPACE; EARTH AB The monthly cosmic radiation modulation parameters provided to compute radiation dose on aircraft flights do not account for short-term temporal variations such as Forbush decreases or high-speed solar wind flows. The currently available radiation dose models also do not account for changes in geomagnetic conditions when the geomagnetic cutoff may be significantly lower than the average predicted by use of the international geomagnetic reference field models. We utilize on-board aircraft radiation dosimeter data acquired during the major solar-terrestrial disturbances of October/November 2003 to demonstrate these effects along with the increased dose due to the ground-level event of 29 October 2003 on a mid-latitude flight path. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. Univ New S Wales, Dept Aviat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. RP Smart, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. EM sssrc@msn.com NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 9 SI 2005 BP 1638 EP 1644 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.09.011 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDT67 UT WOS:000235249300004 ER PT S AU Watts, RJ Kistner, M Druma, AM Alam, K AF Watts, RJ Kistner, M Druma, AM Alam, K BE ElGenk, MS TI Materials opportunity for spacecraft and aerospace thermal management SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Carbon-carbon and polymer matrix composite materials for thermal panels are used in spacecrafts and planned for thermal management in high volume, aircraft electronics and power systems. The requirements are lightweight, highly performance conductive materials that can withstand the stresses in the specific applications. This evaluation investigates a number of emerging carbon-carbon composites and baseline polymer matrix composite panels to evaluate their potential for thermal transfer applications. Properties were measured from -250 degrees F to +250 degrees F for generic space orbital applications. C1 USAF, RL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Watts, RJ (reprint author), USAF, RL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 22 EP 31 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400003 ER PT S AU Puterbaugh, RL Mychkovsky, AG Ponnappan, R Kislov, N AF Puterbaugh, RL Mychkovsky, AG Ponnappan, R Kislov, N BE ElGenk, MS TI Evaluation of an electrochromic device for variable emittance in simulated space conditions SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2005 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Stirling Technol Co, US DOE, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl & Local Sect, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, Profess Aerosp Contractors Assoc, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Unprotected skin and external surfaces of a spacecraft in earth orbit may experience temperature variations from -50 degrees C to +100 degrees C during exposure to cold space or sun. As a result, thermal management of spacecraft becomes extremely important. One latest trend is to provide flexibility and control in the thermal design that involves variable emittance surfaces consisting of electrochromic (EC) coatings. For investigational purposes, a sample electrochromic device is evaluated for variable emittance in simulated space conditions. A vacuum chamber with a liquid nitrogen circulated blackbody shroud is employed to simulate space conditions. The 63.5 x 63.5 mm test sample supplied by a small business research firm is mounted on an aluminum plate heated by an electrical resistance heater. The sample is thermally insulated by a heat shield from all surroundings excluding the active front surface facing the shroud. The heat shield is uniformly maintained at the sample temperature using an independent circuit of resistance heaters and temperature controllers. A steady state energy balance is applied to the test sample to determine the emittance as a function of temperature and DC bias voltage applied across the anode and cathode. Tests were performed to verify the switchability from high to low emittance states and vice versa. The difference between the high and low emittance values (Delta epsilon) obtained in the present calorimetric measurement is compared with the data obtained from FTIR measurements performed by the supplier of the EC sample. Results obtained in the present experiments compare closely with supplier data and prove the effectiveness of the variable emittance sample in space conditions. The validity of the calorimetric experiment is confirmed by testing materials with known emittances, such as black paint and polished metals. Error analysis of the system predicts an emittance accuracy of 5% at sample temperatures in the range of -50 degrees C to 100 degrees C. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Puterbaugh, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0230-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 746 BP 90 EP 98 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BBS02 UT WOS:000227496400011 ER PT J AU Krause, LH Enloe, CL Haaland, RK Golando, P AF Krause, LH Enloe, CL Haaland, RK Golando, P TI Microsatellite missions to conduct midlatitude studies of equatorial ionospheric plasma bubbles SO SPACE WEATHER SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE space weather; equatorial ionospheric plasma bubbles; ionosphere F region plasma; Equatorial Spread F ID SPREAD-F AB Two missions presently under development by the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), FalconSAT-2 and FalconSAT-3, include mission scientific objectives targeting the study of ionospheric F region plasma density depletions and topside bubbles associated with the so-called Equatorial Spread F (ESF) phenomena. The Miniature Electrostatic Analyzer (MESA), a USAFA-designed patch sensor that measures differential energy fluxes of electrons from 0.05 to 13 eV in six channels, is the primary experiment aboard FalconSAT-2, a 25-kg microsatellite intended for launch into an International Space Station (ISS) orbit via the Space Shuttle. Because the orbit will be approximately 360 kin in altitude and of 52 degrees inclination, FalconSAT-2 observations will complement those of low latitude missions (e.g., C/NOFS) and polar latitude, higher altitude missions (e.g., DMSP). Realistic internal magnetic field models demonstrate that field lines with apex heights of 1500 kin (representing the upper altitude limit of equatorial plasma bubbles) may intersect the orbit plane at dip latitudes greater than 35 degrees. Thus, FalconSAT-2 will be able to observe plasma depletions that have propagated poleward along the field lines and lower in altitude, depletions that may not be observed with the high altitude DMSP and the low latitude C/NOFS. Additionally, there may be opportunities for FalconSAT-2 to make simultaneous multipoint in situ measurements of large-scale plasma bubbles with other low altitude satellites, such as C/NOFS and DMSP. We will present a statistical analysis of the probability of making such measurements using nominal orbital parameters of the relevant spacecraft. Finally, a description of the FalconSAT-3 follow-on mission, including scientific objectives associated with seeking kinetic effects, is presented. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Krause, LH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Linda.Krause@usafa.af.mil NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 12 SI 2005 BP 2474 EP 2479 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.03.020 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDS48 UT WOS:000235183100042 ER PT J AU Storz, MF Bowman, BR Branson, MJI Casali, SJ Tobiska, WK AF Storz, MF Bowman, BR Branson, MJI Casali, SJ Tobiska, WK TI High accuracy satellite drag model (HASDM) SO SPACE WEATHER SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE space weather; satellite drag; HASDM; atmospheric drag ID THERMOSPHERE AB The dominant error source in force models used to predict low-perigee satellite trajectories is atmospheric drag. Errors in operational thermospheric density models cause significant errors in predicted satellite positions, since these models do not account for dynamic changes in atmospheric drag for orbit predictions. The Air Force Space Battlelab's High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) estimates and predicts (out three days) a dynamically varying global density field. HASDM includes the Dynamic Calibration Atmosphere (DCA) algorithm that solves for the phases and amplitudes of the diurnal and semidiurnal variations of thermospheric density near real-time from the observed drag effects on a set of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) calibration satellites. The density correction is expressed as a function of latitude, local solar time and altitude. In HASDM, a time series prediction filter relates the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) energy index E-10.7 and the geomagnetic storm index a(p), to the DCA density correction parameters. The E-10.7 index is generated by the SOLAR2000 model, the first full spectrum model of solar irradiance. The estimated and predicted density fields will be used operationally to significantly improve the accuracy of predicted trajectories for all low-perigee satellites. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Space Command, Space Anal Div, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. USAF, Space Battlelab, Schriever AFB, CO 80912 USA. Omitron Inc, Colorado Springs, CO 80906 USA. Space Environm Technol Inc, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. RP Storz, MF (reprint author), USAF, Space Command, Space Anal Div, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. EM mark.storz@peterson.af.mil NR 15 TC 76 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 12 SI 2005 BP 2497 EP 2505 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.02.020 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDS48 UT WOS:000235183100046 ER PT J AU Knipp, DJ Welliver, T McHarg, MG Chun, FK Tobiska, WK Evans, D AF Knipp, DJ Welliver, T McHarg, MG Chun, FK Tobiska, WK Evans, D TI Climatology of extreme upper atmospheric heating events SO SPACE WEATHER SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE space weather; atmospheric heating; solar extreme ultraviolet heating; Joule heating; solar irradiance ID POLAR-CAP; INDEX AB We use a trio of empirical models to estimate the relative contributions of solar extreme ultraviolet heating, Joule heating and particle heating to the global energy budget of the earth's upper atmosphere. Daily power values are derived from the models for the three heat sources. The SOLAR2000 solar irradiance specification model provides estimates of the daily extreme EUV solar power input. Geomagnetic power comes from a combination of satellite-derived electron precipitation power and an empirical model of Joule power derived from hemispherically integrated estimates of high-latitude heating, which we discuss in this paper. From 1975 to mid-2002, the average daily contributions were electrons: 51 GW, Joule: 95 GW and solar: 784 GW. Joule and particle heating combine to provide more than 17% of the total global upper atmospheric heating. For the top 10% and 1% of heating events, contributions rise to similar to 20% and 25%, respectively. In the top 15 heating events, geomagnetic power contributed more than 50% of the total power budget. During three events, the Joule power alone exceeded solar power. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Fairfield Hall, CO 80840 USA. Space Environm Technol, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Suite 2A25, Fairfield Hall, CO 80840 USA. EM delores.knipp@usafa.af.mil; matthew.mcharg@usafa.af.mil; francis.chun@usafa.af.mil; ktobiska@spacenvironment.net; devans@sec.noaa.gov NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 12 SI 2005 BP 2506 EP 2510 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.02.019 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDS48 UT WOS:000235183100047 ER PT J AU Mandell, MJ Cooke, DL Davis, VA Jongeward, GA Gardner, BM Hilmer, RA Ray, KP Lai, ST Krause, LH AF Mandell, MJ Cooke, DL Davis, VA Jongeward, GA Gardner, BM Hilmer, RA Ray, KP Lai, ST Krause, LH TI Modeling the charging of geosynchronous and interplanetary spacecraft using Nascap-2k SO SPACE WEATHER SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE spacecraft charging; geosynchronous orbit; Nascap-2k; solar wind environment; mercury orbit environment AB Nascap-2k is the updated version of the NASCAP/GEO spacecraft charging analysis code. In addition to packaging the physical content of NASCAP/GEO in a modern way, Nascap-2k incorporates other plasma analysis codes (in particular, the DynaPAC code) in order to extend its applicability to a wide variety of plasma environments. Nascap-2k also includes an interactive Object Toolkit for defining spacecraft surface models for analysis. In this paper we focus on the tenuous plasma charging capabilities of the code, with application to DSCS-III (geosynchronous environment), STEREO (solar wind environment) and MESSENGER (solar wind environment near 0.4 AU). (c) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USAF, Res Lab VSBX, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mandell, MJ (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 10260 Campus Point Dr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM myron.j.mandell@saic.com NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 12 SI 2005 BP 2511 EP 2515 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2004.04.014 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDS48 UT WOS:000235183100048 ER PT S AU Anderson, J Tragesser, SG AF Anderson, J Tragesser, SG BE Coffey, SL Coffey, SL Mazzoleni, AP Luu, KK Glover, RA TI Optimal constellation design for orbital munitions delivery system SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2004, Vol 119, Pt 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID COVERAGE AB Rather than delivering conventional munitions through the airspace of uncooperative nations, a constellation of space-stored weapons could potentially target any point on the Earth and arrive within the time it takes to de-orbit and re-enter through the atmosphere. The research involves applying the dynamics of atmospheric re-entry to a Common Aerospace Vehicle (CAV) and defining a "footprint" of attainable touchdown points. The footprint is moved forward to create a swath representing all the possible touchdown points in a 90 minute window. A nominal constellation of CAVs is established using a "streets of coverage" technique, and both analytic studies and numeric genetic algorithm techniques are used to modify the nominal constellation. A minimum number of CAVs is identified which ensures payload delivery to an area of interest within 90 minutes. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-515-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 119 BP 175 EP 194 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBZ98 UT WOS:000228444908012 ER PT S AU Nelson, J Goda, M Sydney, P Sabol, C Talent, D O'Connell, D Murai, M AF Nelson, J Goda, M Sydney, P Sabol, C Talent, D O'Connell, D Murai, M BE Coffey, SL Coffey, SL Mazzoleni, AP Luu, KK Glover, RA TI Daylight astrometry and design studies for the LEO Raven SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2004, Vol 119, Pt 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut DE AMOS; Raven; LEO Raven; daylight sensing; optical sensor; SSA; satellite metric AB Raven is an award-winning optical system design paradigm that couples commercially available hardware and software along with custom data analysis and control software to produce low-cost, autonomous, and very capable space surveillance systems. The key to these systems is the use of astrometric techniques for position and brightness data. Efforts are now underway to produce a system capable of tracking low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites: the LEO Raven. This paper presents the results of risk-reduction daylight astrometry experiments using Maui Space Surveillance Site assets and engineering studies to assist in the design and capability projection of the LEO Raven. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nelson, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-515-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 119 BP 1487 EP 1506 PN 1-3 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBZ98 UT WOS:000228444901021 ER PT S AU Sabol, C Luu, KK Alfriend, KT AF Sabol, C Luu, KK Alfriend, KT BE Coffey, SL Coffey, SL Mazzoleni, AP Luu, KK Glover, RA TI High accuracy orbit updates using angles-only data SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2004, Vol 119, Pt 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Accuracy assessment results have shown that Maui Space Surveillance Site metric data are of very high quality with some telescopes approaching the one arcsecond accuracy level. One arcsecond maps into 5m of 1-D position knowledge at a range of 1000 km; therefore, high accuracy angular observation data are highly effective in removing cross-track and along-track errors from low Earth orbit predictions. This paper presents real data results showing that orbit prediction errors can be reduced from the kilometer level to tens of meters using one pass of high accuracy optical data and sequential or batch estimation techniques. Efforts are underway to refine and automate this process at the Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing site. C1 USAF, Maui Opt & Supercomp Site, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Sabol, C (reprint author), USAF, Maui Opt & Supercomp Site, AFRL Det 15,535 Lipoa Pkwy Ste 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-515-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 119 BP 1547 EP 1557 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBZ98 UT WOS:000228444901025 ER PT S AU Wiesel, WE AF Wiesel, WE BE Coffey, SL Coffey, SL Mazzoleni, AP Luu, KK Glover, RA TI Relative motion dynamics about a periodic orbit SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2004, Vol 119, Pt 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The local linear coordinate frame introduced by Floquet theory near a periodic orbit is extended into the nonlinear regime. A transformation of variables is forced to be periodic, canonical, and we further insist that it decouple the equations of motion. Solution methods for the decoupling transform are discussed in the non-degenerate and degenerate cases, and results are given to the fourth order. This method identifies zero relative drift manifolds about a periodic orbit, enabling stable formation flight. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wiesel, WE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-515-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 119 BP 1725 EP 1731 PN 1-3 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBZ98 UT WOS:000228444901036 ER PT S AU Sabol, C Kelecy, T Murai, M AF Sabol, C Kelecy, T Murai, M BE Coffey, SL Coffey, SL Mazzoleni, AP Luu, KK Glover, RA TI Geosynchronous orbit determination using the High Accuracy Network Determination System (HANDS) SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2004, Vol 119, Pt 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The High Accuracy Network Determination System (HANDS) is a network of Raven-class telescopes that autonomously track deep-space satellites and provide high accuracy orbit information. Previous works have shown significant geosynchronous orbit determination (OD) improvements are possible using high accuracy angular observations in conjunction with quality ranging data or as the only tracking data source. This paper presents accuracy assessment results of the HANDS optical data and real data orbit determination results for two test cases. Accuracy assessment is accomplished by comparing the tracking data to external reference orbits of TDRSS satellites. A super-synchronous satellite, a decommissioned Defense Satellite Communications System spacecraft (DSCS-3/A1), tracked by the Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) was used to evaluate performance of the initial HANDS deployment for range and angles orbit determination. Additional angles-only cases using the TDRS-5 satellite are also presented. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Maui Opt & Supercomp Site, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Sabol, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Maui Opt & Supercomp Site, 535 Lipoa Pkwy,Ste 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-515-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 119 BP 1783 EP 1800 PN 1-3 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBZ98 UT WOS:000228444901040 ER PT S AU Lovell, TA Tragesser, SG Tollefson, MV AF Lovell, TA Tragesser, SG Tollefson, MV BE Coffey, SL Coffey, SL Mazzoleni, AP Luu, KK Glover, RA TI A practical guidance methodology for relative motion of leo spacecraft based on the Clohessy-Wiltshire equations SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2004, Vol 119, Pt 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB In this paper a multiple-impulse maneuver algorithm for relative motion trajectory reconfiguration based on the Clohessy-Wiltshire-Hill's equations is reviewed from previous work. This algorithm is further developed to allow complete generality in terms of the number and direction of the bums and their location on the trajectory. Several special cases of the algorithm are then investigated, including those that are most practical and operationally expedient. The general algorithm is shown to provide several advantages over the nominal, including more operational flexibility and more amenability to time and/or fuel optimization. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lovell, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-515-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 119 BP 2355 EP 2369 PN 1-3 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBZ98 UT WOS:000228444902010 ER PT S AU Seo, JS Wiesel, WE AF Seo, JS Wiesel, WE BE Coffey, SL Coffey, SL Mazzoleni, AP Luu, KK Glover, RA TI Low thrust control optimization for satellite formations: Analytical solution of the initial CoStates for time and fuel optimal harmonic motion SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2004, Vol 119, Pt 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID SPACECRAFT AB An analytical study of body-fixed low-thrust optimal control for a satellite formation is presented. The familiar Clohessy-Wiltshire relative motion model is employed in the minimum-time and minimum-fuel formulations. This constant coefficient model decouples the in-plane and out-of-plane motion. The resulting two-point boundary value problem is approached analytically. This paper will present the results of this analytical study of feasible initial and final state pairs for optimality for the out-of-plane motion only. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seo, JS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, 2950 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-515-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 119 BP 2427 EP 2445 PN 1-3 PG 19 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBZ98 UT WOS:000228444902014 ER PT S AU Straigbt, SD Tragesser, SG Howard, R Lovell, TA AF Straigbt, SD Tragesser, SG Howard, R Lovell, TA BE Coffey, SL Coffey, SL Mazzoleni, AP Luu, KK Glover, RA TI Maneuver design for fast satellite circumnavigation SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2004, Vol 119, Pt 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The feasibility of satellite operations in close proximity to a reference satellite is of interest for both civilian and military applications. One such operation is circular circumnavigation in a time period less than the orbital period of the reference satellite. This paper investigates a guidance scheme for such maneuvers involving impulsive bums at specific points within a specified toroidal region centered on the circular-orbiting reference satellite. Two analytical methods for determining the magnitude and direction of the impulses are demonstrated. These methods are used as initial estimates in an optimization scheme to produce the minimum fuel consumption. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Straigbt, SD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-515-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 119 BP 2537 EP 2554 PN 1-3 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBZ98 UT WOS:000228444902020 ER PT S AU Thorne, JD AF Thorne, JD BE Coffey, SL Coffey, SL Mazzoleni, AP Luu, KK Glover, RA TI Lambert's theorem - A complete series solution SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2004, Vol 119, Pt 1-3 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 14th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Maui, HI SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Lambert's theorem states that the orbital transfer time between two known positions in the 2-body problem is dependent only on the semi-major axis, given two fixed position vectors and a known gravitational constant. The associated Lagrange equations for the orbital transfer time may be expressed as series expansions for all cases. Because of the case dependence, several different solution approaches axe necessary among the three distinct forms of the series equations. Two new solutions axe given for each boundary of the long-way orbital case, which axe also combined with an earlier result for hyperbolic and short-way transfers. Convergence properties of the new series solutions are investigated numerically for several examples. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Thorne, JD (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-515-6 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 119 BP 3061 EP 3073 PN 1-3 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mechanics GA BBZ98 UT WOS:000228444902049 ER PT S AU Visser, B Sabol, C Dahlke, S AF Visser, B Sabol, C Dahlke, S BE Vallado, DA Gabor, MJ Desai, PN TI Geosynchronous orbit determination using high accuracy angular observations SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2005, Vol 120, Pts 1 and 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 15th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 23-27, 2005 CL Copper Mt, CO SP AAS, AIAA AB As part of the High Accuracy Network Determination System (HANDS), Raven-class telescopes were built to provide observations with less than an arcsecond of error. While achieving low noise levels, previous work has shown that HANDS optical data contain systematic errors which limit orbit determination accuracy; therefore, the challenge is being able to fully utilize that data to produce deep-space orbits with great certainty. This paper presents findings that better define the limitations of the angles-only observation sets. The results presented supplement, refine, and provide more detailed analysis of the previous work in the areas of systematic error modeling, error assessment, and unmodeled perturbations. This research was accomplished by analyzing orbit determination solutions for a geosynchronous satellite (TDRS-5) and a decommissioned supersynchronous defense satellite (DSCS-3/A1). C1 USAF Acad, Dept Astron, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Visser, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Astron, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-520-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 120 BP 527 EP 541 PN 1-2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BCU60 UT WOS:000231281700029 ER PT S AU Wiese, D Sabol, C AF Wiese, D Sabol, C BE Vallado, DA Gabor, MJ Desai, PN TI Low earth orbit prediction accuracy assessment using optical data SO Spaceflight Mechanics 2005, Vol 120, Pts 1 and 2 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 15th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 23-27, 2005 CL Copper Mt, CO SP AAS, AIAA AB This paper explores two separate methods of performing an accuracy assessment of low Earth orbit prediction products using high accuracy angular observations from ground-based telescopes. The first method explored was an analytical model, which compares the predicted orbit to the observed locations throughout the pass, and the second method employs an estimation process to generate a reference orbit based on the angular observations and a priori information. In addition to detailed error analysis, the validity of the two methodologies was gauged by comparing the updated satellite position to a "truth" satellite position derived from satellite laser ranging (SLR) data. It was found that the estimation method can provide an accurate accuracy assessment for low Earth orbit predictions over the course of the observation period. Results showed this method can typically determine the along-track and cross-track positions of the satellite to within approximately 15 meters using Maui Space Surveillance System assets. The analytical model performs equally well in determining the along-track orbit error, but can not ascertain cross-track errors to acceptable levels for moderate to low elevation passes. Neither method currently provides meaningful estimates of radial orbit error. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AMOS, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Wiese, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AMOS, 535 Lipoa Pkwy Ste 200, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-520-2 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2005 VL 120 BP 589 EP 607 PN 1-2 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BCU60 UT WOS:000231281700033 ER PT J AU Yust, NA Nekkanti, R Brunke, LB Srinivasan, R Barnes, PN AF Yust, NA Nekkanti, R Brunke, LB Srinivasan, R Barnes, PN TI Copper metallic substrates for high temperature superconducting coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUFFER; TAPES; GROWTH; FILMS AB Biaxially cube textured polycrystalline Cu(200) substrate tapes were produced for high temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductor applications. A comparison is made between Cu substrates fabricated by reverse cold rolling followed by recrystallization, from stock materials that were obtained in the form of extruded rod and rolled plate. Detailed x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) were performed to measure the in-plane alignment, out-of-plane alignment, and microtexture at various deformation levels and annealing temperatures. The rod starting geometry proved to have superior biaxial alignment with a predominant (220) deformation texture after rolling. Phi (Phi) scan and psi (psi) scan XRD reveals that the best in-plane and out-of-plane alignment, measured in terms of full width half maximum (FWHM) values of 5.4degrees and 5.8degrees, were obtained at 99.5% reduction in thickness and 750degreesC annealing temperature. OIM microtexture results indicate that more than 97.5% of grains had less than 10degrees misorientation with no observable twinning. C1 USAF, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Yust, NA (reprint author), USAF, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/18/1/002 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 896AT UT WOS:000226907700005 ER PT J AU Sumption, MD Collings, EW Barnes, PN AF Sumption, MD Collings, EW Barnes, PN TI AC loss in striped (filamentary) YBCO coated conductors leading to designs for high frequencies and field-sweep amplitudes SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BA-CU-O; SUPERCONDUCTING COMPOSITES; MULTIFILAMENTARY STRANDS; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; ION-IMPLANTATION; YBA2CU3O7 FILMS; CIRCULAR DISKS; THIN-FILMS; REDUCTION AB AC losses of YBCO coated conductors are investigated by calculation and experiment for the higher frequency regime. Previous research using YBCO film deposited onto single-crystal substrates demonstrated the effectiveness of 'striping' or filamentary subdivision as a technique for AC loss reduction. As a result of these studies the idea of subdividing YBCO 'coated conductors' (YBCO, overlayer, and even underlayer) into such stripes suggested itself. The suggestion was implemented by burning grooves into samples of coated conductor using laser micromachining. Various machining parameters were investigated, and the striping and slicing characteristics are presented. Loss measurements were performed on unstriped as well as striped samples by the pick-up coil technique at frequencies from 50 to 200 Hz at field sweep amplitudes of up to 150 mT. The effect of soft ferromagnetic Fe shielding was also investigated. The results of the experiments form a starting point for a more general study of reduced-loss coated conductor design (including hysteretic, coupling, normal eddy current, and transport losses) projected into higher ranges of frequency and field-sweep amplitude with transformer and all-cryogenic-motor/generator applications in mind. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Labs Appl Superconduct & Magnetism, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Labs Appl Superconduct & Magnetism, 116 W 19Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 40 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 IS 1 BP 122 EP 134 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/18/1/020 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 896AT UT WOS:000226907700023 ER PT J AU Bachman, SL Hanly, EJ Nwanko, JI Lamb, J Herring, AE Marohn, MR DeMaio, A Talamini, MA AF Bachman, SL Hanly, EJ Nwanko, JI Lamb, J Herring, AE Marohn, MR DeMaio, A Talamini, MA TI The effect of timing of pneumoperitoneum on the inflammatory response (vol 18, pg 1640, 2004) SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Correction C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Ctr Minimally Invas Surg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Pediat Surg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Bachman, SL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Ctr Minimally Invas Surg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 154 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s00464-004-0092-3 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 891RR UT WOS:000226598900032 ER PT J AU Weisner, AJ Cooper, TM Turnbull, K AF Weisner, AJ Cooper, TM Turnbull, K TI Routes to sydnone-containing oligomeric areneynes SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alkynes; sydnones; Sonogashira coupling ID COMPLEXES; ARYL AB Iterative Sonogashira-coupling routes have been used to prepare sydnonecontaining areneynes 1-3 (and related compounds) from o-iodophenylsydnone (4). The best results were obtained by using two- and three-reaction-in-one-pot protocols. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Turnbull, K (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM kenneth.turnbull@wright.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2005 VL 35 IS 5 BP 639 EP 651 DI 10.1081/SCC-200050343 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 910GR UT WOS:000227919400002 ER PT S AU Shell, JR Schott, JR AF Shell, JR Schott, JR BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI A polarized clutter measurement technique based on the governing equation for polarimetric remote sensing in the visible to near infrared SO TARGETS AND BACKGROUNDS XI: CHARACTERIZATION AND REPRESENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Background XI - Characterization and Representation CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE polarization; BRDF; clutter; target detection; multispectral ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; SURFACES; ACQUISITION; VARIANCE; TEXTURE AB Polarization adds another dimension to the spatial intensity and spectral information typically acquired in remote sensing. Polarization imparted by surface reflections contains unique and discriminatory signatures which may augment spectral target-detection techniques. While efforts have been made toward quantifying the polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pBRDF) responsible for target material polarimetric signatures, little has been done toward developing a description of the polarized background or scene clutter. An approach is presented for measuring the pBRDF of background materials such as vegetation. The governing equation for polarized radiance reaching a sensor aperture is first developed and serves as a basis for understanding outdoor pBRDF measurements, as well as polarimetric remote sensing. The pBRDF measurements are acquired through an imaging technique which enables derivation of the BRDF variability as a function of the ground separation distance (GSD). An image subtraction technique is used to minimize measurement errors resulting from the partially polarized downwelled sky radiance. Quantifying the GSD-dependent BRDF variability is critical for background materials which are typically spatially inhomogeneous. Preliminary results from employing the measurement technique are presented. C1 USAF, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Shell, JR (reprint author), USAF, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM jrshell2000@yahoo.com NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5796-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5811 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.600751 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU83 UT WOS:000231340600004 ER PT S AU Gross, KC Perram, GP Tuttle, RF AF Gross, KC Perram, GP Tuttle, RF BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Modeling infrared spectral intensity data from bomb detonations SO Targets and Backgrounds XI: Characterization and Representation SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Background XI - Characterization and Representation CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE transient infrared events; detonation fireball spectra; fast scanning Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; atmospheric correction; spectral signatures; event classification AB Infrared emissions from the detonation of three bomb types and four weights in a series of 56 events were recorded by a Fourier transform spectrometer in the midwave IR (1800-6000 cm(-1)) at temporal and spectral resolutions: of 0.047 s and 16 cm(-1), respectively. Fifteen time-resolved spectral datasets corresponding to two distinct chemical explosives were selected for this study. The detonation fireball intensities are well described as cooling greybodies, and a single Planckian distribution, modified by atmospheric absorption, has been fit to the spectra. Agreement between the model and data is within a few percent on average. However, the model underestimates the observed intensity by as much as 40% in the 2000-2200cm(-1) window and hot CO2 at the surface of the fireball is a likely source of this spectral emission (spectral assignments have not yet been performed). For the statically detonated munitions, temperature curves are characterized by initial temperatures of 1685-1885 K and lifetimes of 0.91-1.24 s. Temperatures for some air delivered ordnance exhibited secondary maxima. Fireball areas are estimated without imagery. The model provides features which are reproducible within and characteristic of the munition type, providing promise for proposed event classification schemes. The time-dependent Planckian fit residual near 2150 cm(-1) versus time provided the best discrimination between the two munition types, indicating that better understanding the non-Planckian behavior is key to the classification problem. A novel method to estimate the atmospheric transmittance function from the time-resolved fireball spectra is also developed. C1 Riverside Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5796-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5811 BP 100 EP 111 DI 10.1117/12.603206 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU83 UT WOS:000231340600010 ER PT S AU Hawks, MR Perram, GP AF Hawks, MR Perram, GP BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Passive ranging of emissive targets using atmospheric oxygen absorption lines SO Targets and Backgrounds XI: Characterization and Representation SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Background XI - Characterization and Representation CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE passive ranging; monocular passive ranging; atmospheric remote sensing; oxygen spectroscopy; atmospheric absorption AB Highly-energetic targets such as rocket plumes and detonation fireballs are difficult to locate and track effectively with active sensors that rely on reflection, but traditional passive sensors cannot determine range. Development of a passive ranging sensor will enable accurate target location and tracking while simultaneously improving covertness. Recent work is presented on development of a passive sensor to estimate range using spectroscopic measurements of atmospheric absorption. In particular, advantages of measuring absorption on the O-2(b <- X) transition near 762nm are discussed. Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results to verify model performance at short ranges (up to 200m). Range accuracy better than 1% has been demonstrated using a Fourier transform spectrometer at short range. Extension of the theory to long range (in excess of 100km) is also discussed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hawks, MR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5796-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5811 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.604538 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU83 UT WOS:000231340600011 ER PT S AU Dills, AN Gustafson, SC Perram, GP AF Dills, AN Gustafson, SC Perram, GP BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Detonation discrimination and feature saliency using a near-infrared focal plane array and a visible CCD camera SO Targets and Backgrounds XI: Characterization and Representation SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Background XI - Characterization and Representation CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE bomb detonation; explosions; near-infrared and color imagery; fireball size; Fisher linear discriminant AB This research investigates the classification of battlespace detonations, specifically the determination of munitions type and size using temporal and spectral features from near-infrared (NIR) and visible wavelength imagers. Key features from the time dependence of fireball size are identified for discriminating various types and sizes of detonation flashes. The five classes include three weights of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and two weights of an enhanced mixture, all of which are uncased and detonated with 10% C-4. Using Fisher linear discriminant techniques, these features are projected onto a line such that the projected points are maximally clustered for the different classes of detonations. Bayesian decision boundaries for classification are then established on class-conditional probability densities and are tested using independent test data. Feature saliency and stability are determined by selecting those features that best discriminate while requiring low variations in class-conditional probability densities and high performance in independent testing. Given similar conditions, the most important and stable feature is the time to the maximum fireball area in the near-infrared wavelength band (0.6 to 1.7 mu m). This feature correctly discriminates between TNT and ENE about 90% of the time, whether weight is known or not. The associated class-conditional probability densities separate the two classes with a Fisher ratio of 2.9 +/- 0.3 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic, A(ROC), of 0.992. Also, t(mp) achieves approximately 54% success rate at discerning both weight and type. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5796-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5811 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.602919 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU83 UT WOS:000231340600012 ER PT S AU Savage, J Coker, C Thai, B Aboutalib, O Yamaoka, N Kim, C AF Savage, J Coker, C Thai, B Aboutalib, O Yamaoka, N Kim, C BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Irma 5.1 multi-sensor signature prediction model SO Targets and Backgrounds XI: Characterization and Representation SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Background XI - Characterization and Representation CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL AB The Irma synthetic signature prediction code is being developed to facilitate the research and development of multi-sensor systems. Irma was one of the first high resolution Infrared (IR) target and background signature models to be developed for tactical weapon application. Originally developed in 1980 by the Munitions Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/MN), the Irma model was used exclusively to generate IR scenes. In 1988, a number of significant upgrades to Irma were initiated including the addition of a laser (or active) channel. This two-channel version was released to the user community in 1990. In 1992, an improved scene generator was incorporated into the Irma model, which supported correlated frame-to-frame imagery. A passive IR/millimeter wave (MMW) code was completed in 1994. This served as the cornerstone for the development of the co-registered active/passive IR/MMW model, Irma 4.0. In 2000, Irma version 5.0 was released which encompassed several upgrades to both the physical models and software. Circular polarization was added to the passive channel and the doppler capability was added to the active MMW channel. In 2002, the multibounce technique was added to the Irma passive channel. In the ladar channel, a user-friendly Ladar Sensor Assistant (LSA) was incorporated which provides capability and flexibility for sensor modeling. Irma 5.0 runs on several platforms including Windows, Linux, Solaris, and SGI Irix. Since 2000, additional capabilities and enhancements have been added to the ladar channel including polarization and speckle effect. Work is still ongoing to add time-jittering model to the ladar channel. A new user interface has been introduced to aid users in the mechanism of scene generation and running the Irma code. The user interface provides a canvas where a user can add and remove objects using mouse clicks to construct a scene. The scene can then be visualized to find the desired sensor position. The synthetic ladar signatures have been validated twice and underwent a third validation test near the end of 04. These capabilities will be integrated into the next release, Irma 5.1, scheduled for completion in the summer of FY05. Irma is currently being used to support a number of civilian and military applications. The Irma user base includes over 130 agencies within the Air Force, Army, Navy, DARPA,. NASA, Department of Transportation, academia, and industry. The purpose of this paper is to report the progress of the Irma 5.1 development effort. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Savage, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5796-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5811 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1117/12.603859 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU83 UT WOS:000231340600020 ER PT S AU Wilson, K Patrick, D Blair, J AF Wilson, K Patrick, D Blair, J BE Watkins, WR Clement, D Reynolds, WR TI Radar scattering statistics for digital terrain models SO Targets and Backgrounds XI: Characterization and Representation SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Targets and Background XI - Characterization and Representation CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL AB The statistical results for a digital terrain model are presented that closely match measurements for 77% of the 189 possible combinations of 7 radar bands, 3 polarizations, and 9 terrain types. The model produces realistic backscatter coefficient values for the scenarios over all incidence angles from normal. to grazing. The generator was created using measured data sets reported in the Handbook of Radar Scattering Statistics for Terrain [5] covering L, C, S, X, Ka, Ku, and W frequency bands; HH, HV, and VV polarizations; and soil and rock, shrub, tree, short vegetation, grass, dry snow, wet snow, road surface, and urban area terrain types. The first two statistical moments match published values precisely, and a Chi-Square histogram test failed to reject the generator at a 95% confidence level for the 146 terrain models implemented. A Sea State model provides the grazing angle extension for predictions beyond the available measurements. This work contains a comprehensive set of plots of mean and standard deviation versus incidence angle. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilson, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5796-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5811 BP 248 EP 258 DI 10.1117/12.607734 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCU83 UT WOS:000231340600024 ER PT S AU Lowry, HS Crider, DH Goethert, WH Bertrand, WT Steely, SL AF Lowry, HS Crider, DH Goethert, WH Bertrand, WT Steely, SL BE Murrer, RL TI Scene projection developments in the AEDC space simulation chambers SO Technologies for Synthetic Environments: Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing X CY MAR 29-30, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE space simulation; radiometric calibration and characterization; space sensor testing; vacuum chamber ID TECHNOLOGIES AB Testing system performance early and often under flight conditions is fundamental to managing uncertainty in system performance predictions and reducing system life-cycle cost. As a Department of Defense (DoD) Major Range Test Facility Base (MRTFB), Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) strives to ensure that DoD system performance tests are not limited by test and evaluation capabilities. For over 30 years, the space chambers at AEDC have performed space sensor characterization, calibration, and mission simulation testing on space-based, interceptor, and air-borne sensors. In partnership with the Missile Defense Agency (MDA), AEDC continuously pursues capability upgrades in order to keep pace with evolving sensor technologies. Upgrades to sensor test facilities require rigorous facility characterization and calibration efforts, all of which are routinely included in AEDC's annual activities to ensure quality test data. This paper discusses the status of such upgrades especially with regard to scene projection. C1 Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Lowry, HS (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5770-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5785 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1117/12.602137 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BCR78 UT WOS:000230961000014 ER PT S AU Cooney, A Hix, KE Yaney, P Zhan, QW Dosser, LR Blackshire, JL AF Cooney, A Hix, KE Yaney, P Zhan, QW Dosser, LR Blackshire, JL BE Geer, RE Meyendorf, N Michel, B TI Nondestructive characterization of micromachined ceramics SO Testing, Reliability, and Application of Micro- and Nano-Material Systems III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Testing, Reliability, and Application of Micro and Nano-Material Systems CY MAR 08-10, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE laser ultrasonics; white light interferometry; laser micromachining ID FLOATING RESONANCE; BEARING BALLS; CRACKS AB The aerospace, automotive, and electronic industries are finding increasing need for components made from silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si3N4). The development and use of miniaturized ceramic parts, in particular, is of significant interest in a variety of critical applications. As these application areas grow, manufacturers are being asked to find new and better solutions for machining and forming ceramic materials with microscopic precision. Recent advances in laser machining technologies are making precision rriicromachining of ceramics a reality. Questions regarding micromachining accuracy, residual melt region effects, and laser-induced microcracking are of critical concern during the machining process. In this activity, a variety of nondestructive inspection methods have been used to investigate the microscopic features of laser-machined ceramic components. The primary goal was to assess the micromachined areas for machining accuracy and microcracking using laser ultrasound, scanning electron microscopy, and white-light interference microscopic imaging of the machined regions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cooney, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5747-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5766 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.599914 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Acoustics; Materials Science GA BCO16 UT WOS:000230385500017 ER PT B AU Hamilton, E Cole, R Ward, W DiGiano, C LaBine, D AF Hamilton, E Cole, R Ward, W DiGiano, C LaBine, D GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Interactive pathway design for learning through agent and library augmented shared knowledge areas (ALASKA) SO THIRD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS, WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications CY MAR 08-12, 2005 CL Kauai, HI SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci DE multi-tier system; heterogeneous network; pedagogical agents; collaborative workspace; applets AB This paper outlines a recently funded NSF-funded effort to integrate three learning technologies (perceptual agents; collaborative workspaces; and digital libraries). Each has emerged and matured over the past decade and each has presented compelling and oftentimes moving opportunities to alter educational practice and to render learning more effective. The project seeks a novel way to blend these technologies and to create and test a new model for human-machine partnership in learning settings. The innovation we are prototyping in this project creates an applet-rich shared space whereby a pedagogical agent at each learner's station functions as an instructional assistant to the teacher or professor and tutor to the student. The platform is intended to open a series of new -- and instructionally potent -- interactive pathways. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM eric.hamilton@usafa.af.mil; cole@cslr.colorado.edu; whw@cslr.colorado.edu; chris.digiano@sri.com; davidlabine@smarttech.com NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2300-5 PY 2005 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1109/PERCOMW.2005.41 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBW63 UT WOS:000228159600055 ER PT J AU Merrill, EA Clewell, RA Robinson, PJ Jarabek, AM Gearhart, JM Sterner, TR Fisher, JW AF Merrill, EA Clewell, RA Robinson, PJ Jarabek, AM Gearhart, JM Sterner, TR Fisher, JW TI PBPK model for radioactive iodide and perchlorate kinetics and perchlorate-induced inhibition of iodide uptake in humans SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pharmacokinetics; human; perchlorate; radioactive iodide; inhibition; thyroid ID PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS; DRINKING-WATER; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; THYROXINE LEVEL; NA+/I-SYMPORTER; MALE-RAT; TRANSPORT; EXPRESSION; NEWBORNS; TISSUES AB Detection of perchlorate (ClO4-) in several drinking water sources across the U.S. has lead to public concern over health effects from chronic low-level exposures. Perchlorate inhibits thyroid iodide (I-) uptake at the sodium (Na+)-iodide (I-) symporter (NIS), thereby disrupting the initial stage of thyroid hormone synthesis. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to describe the kinetics and distribution of both radioactive I- and cold ClO4- in healthy adult humans and simulates the subsequent inhibition of thyroid uptake of radioactive I- by ClO4-. The model successfully predicts the measured levels of serum and urinary ClO4- from drinking water exposures, ranging from 0.007 to 12 mg ClO4-/kg/day, as well as the subsequent inhibition of thyroid I-131(-) uptake. Thyroid iodine, as well as total, free, and protein-bound radioactive I- in serum from various tracer studies, are also successfully simulated. This model's parameters, in conjunction with corresponding model parameters established for the male, gestational, and lactating rat, can be used to estimate parameters in a pregnant or lactating human, that have not been or cannot be easily measured to extrapolate dose metrics and correlate observed effects in perchlorate toxicity studies to other human life stages. For example, by applying the adult male rat:adult human ratios of model parameters to those parameters established for the gestational and lactating rat, we can derive a reasonable estimate of corresponding parameters for a gestating or lactating human female. Although thyroid hormones and their regulatory feedback are not incorporated in the model structure, the model's successful prediction of free and bound radioactive I- and perchlorate's interaction with free radioactive I- provide a basis for extending the structure to address the complex hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid feedback system. In this paper, bound radioactive I- refers to I- incorporated into thyroid hormones or iodinated proteins, which may or may not be bound to plasma proteins. C1 Geocenters Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. US EPA, NCEA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Operat Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AFRL, HEST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Merrill, EA (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, 2729 St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Elaine.Merrill@wpafb.af.mil NR 91 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 25 EP 43 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi017 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 878WJ UT WOS:000225677700004 PM 15509666 ER PT B AU Kwiat, KA Beasock, JV AF Kwiat, Kevin A. Beasock, Joseph V., III BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Hansen, E TI Assessing the security of a distributed voting system through a combined simulation and prototyping approach SO WMSCI 2005: 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, Vol 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 10-13, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE distributed system; voting; simulation; prototyping; security; fault tolerance AB A distributed voting algorithm (called the Timed-Buffer Distributed Voting Algorithm - TBDVA) is the basis for an experimental platform that demonstrates the effectiveness of securing the system from an attack that aims to corrupt the integrity of the majority result. Multiple voters each executing TBDVA are simulated on a single hardware platform. This platform serves as a prototype of the envisioned system: it permits realistic attacks upon the simulated voting complex. In a simulation/prototype co-design approach such as this, particular attention is paid to the cost versus achieved realism. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFGA, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Kwiat, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFGA, 525 Brooks Rd, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-980-6560-53-6 PY 2005 BP 236 EP 241 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BFP77 UT WOS:000243639300044 ER PT B AU McQuay, WK AF McQuay, William K. BE Zinn, D Savoie, MJ Lin, KC ElBadawy, ES Banga, G TI Collaborative enterprises for 21(st) century organizations SO WMSCI 2005: 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, Vol 10 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUL 10-13, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE collaboration; collaborative enterprise; simulation; decision support; process AB Organizations are comprised of one or more internal enterprises that need to work together to accomplish the organization's mission. In addition, the organization often also needs to work with external organizations or companies to share information or knowledge. As we move into the 21(st) century, collaboration among these enterprises will be critical for mission success. Collaboration is typically defined as two or more geographically dispersed entities working together to share and exchange data, information, knowledge, and actions. A collaborative enterprise environment is application of advanced information and distributed simulation technology in an integrated framework to support development of the organization's output or products which could include, for example, writing a report, creating software, designing hardware, or developing an alternative course of action for a military commander. This paper will address the Air Force Research Laboratory's initiative to implement collaborative enterprises and to provide the framework to enable partnerships among the laboratory directorates, industry, and the warfighter to accelerate the development and transition of leading edge technology to the operational weapon systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Direct, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McQuay, WK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Direct, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-980-6560-62-8 PY 2005 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BFQ03 UT WOS:000243687800004 ER PT S AU Madden, TJ Manke, GC Hager, GD AF Madden, TJ Manke, GC Hager, GD BE Kodymova, J TI Modeling of the all gas-phase iodine laser (AGIL) SO XV International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers Pt 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Inst Phys Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys Acad Sci, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, SPIE, European Phys Soc, TEVAK Ltd LEYBOLD GmbH, LAO Ind Syst Ltd, MITLtd, EOARD, AF Off Sci Res, EOARD, USAF Res Lab C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Madden, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5760-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5777 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1117/12.610966 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000228801200043 ER PT S AU Thornton, SJ AF Thornton, SJ BE Kodymova, J TI Airborne Laser, the integration challenge SO XV International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers Pt 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Inst Phys Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys Acad Sci, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, SPIE, European Phys Soc, TEVAK Ltd LEYBOLD GmbH, LAO Ind Syst Ltd, MITLtd, EOARD, AF Off Sci Res, EOARD, USAF Res Lab AB The Airborne Laser, an element of the U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense System, is designed to destroy ballistic missiles using an airborne, megawatt-class laser. This paper provides an overview of the ABL weapon system focusing on the integration challenges. C1 USAF, Airborne Laser Syst Program Off, MDA AL, Kirtland AFB, NM 87111 USA. RP Thornton, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Airborne Laser Syst Program Off, MDA AL, 1350 Wyoming Blvd SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87111 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5760-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5777 BP 1008 EP 1010 DI 10.1117/12.611520 PN 1&2 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics GA BCE00 UT WOS:000228801200191 ER PT J AU Troe, J Ushakov, VG Viggiano, AA AF Troe, J Ushakov, VG Viggiano, AA TI SACM/CT study of product energy distributions in the dissociation of n-propylbenzene cations SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE reaction kinetics; unimolecular reactions; ion fragmentations ID PHASE-SPACE THEORY; STATISTICAL ADIABATIC CHANNEL; UNIMOLECULAR BOND FISSION; RATE CONSTANTS K(E,J); FLEXIBLE TRANSITION-STATES; POLYATOMIC SYSTEMS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ION; CAPTURE AB The distribution of translational, rotational, and vibrational energies in the fragments (benzylium ions and ethyl radicals) of the dissociation of n-propylbenzene cations has been determined by statistical adiabatic channel model/classical trajectory (SACM/CT) calculations. The reaction was treated by CT calculations of capture processes for transitional modes, starting with specified fragment energies. A short-range valence/long-range ion-induced dipole potential model for the transitional modes was employed. The derived distributions approach the results from phase space theory (PST) at small energies and angular momenta. At larger energies and angular mornenta, the shapes of the distribution functions remain similar to those from PST; however, the average translational, rotational, and vibrational energies of the fragments increasingly differ from PST predictions. The present results are consistent with separate SACM/CT calculations on the same potential of specific rate constants k(E, J) and thermally averaged rate constants k(&INFIN;)(T) of the dissociation/recombination reaction. C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Chem Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Troe, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Chem Phys, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM shoff@gwdg.de NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 219 IS 5 BP 699 EP 714 DI 10.1524/zpch.219.5.699.64320 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 925TY UT WOS:000229077400011 ER PT J AU Troe, J Ushakov, VG Viggiano, AA AF Troe, J Ushakov, VG Viggiano, AA TI Classical trajectory and statistical adiabatic channel study of the dynamics of capture and unimolecular bond fission. VII. Thermal capture and specific rate constants k(E, J) for the dissociation of molecular ions SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE reaction kinetics; unimolecular reactions; ion fragmentations ID PEROXIDE POTENTIAL SURFACE; ELECTRONIC GROUND-STATE; HIGH-PRESSURE LIMIT; PHASE-SPACE THEORY; DIPOLE CAPTURE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SUDDEN CAPTURE; ASSOCIATION REACTIONS; VALENCE INTERACTIONS; REGION APPROPRIATE AB Specific rate constants, k(E, J), and thermal capture rate constants, k(cap)(T), are determined by statistical adiabatic channel model/classical trajectory (SACM/CT) calculations for unimolecular dissociation and the reverse association reactions of representative polyatomic molecular ions. Simple short-range valence/long-range ion-induced dipole model potentials without reverse barriers have been employed, using the reactions C8H10+ &DLRARR; C7H7+ + CH3 and C9H12+ &DLRARR; C7H7+ + C2H5 as illustrative examples. Simplified representations of k(E) and k(cap)(T) from rigid activated complex Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory are compared with the SACM/CT treatment and with experimental results. The Massey parameters of the transitional mode dynamics, for the systems considered, are smaller than unity such that their dynamics is nonadiabatic while the dynamics of the conserved modes is adiabatic. Because of the long-range/short-range switching character of the potential, simple rigid activated complex RRKM theory cannot be used without modifications. The effects of a shifting of the effective bottle-neck of the dynamics with increasing energy towards smaller interfragment distances in the present cases are amplified by a shift into a range of increasing anisotropy of the potential. As a consequence, the thermal capture rate constants markedly decrease with increasing temperature. C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Chem Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Troe, J (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Chem Phys, Tammannstr 6, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM shoff@gwdg.de NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 219 IS 5 BP 715 EP 741 DI 10.1524/zpch.219.5.715.64322 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 925TY UT WOS:000229077400012 ER PT J AU Roberts, TM AF Roberts, TM TI Comment on "Observation of optical precursors in water" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PULSES C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Roberts, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 26 AR 269401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.269401 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883ZO UT WOS:000226054600088 PM 15698042 ER PT J AU Inan, US Golkowski, M Carpenter, DL Reddell, N Moore, RC Bell, TF Paschal, E Kossey, P Kennedy, E Meth, SZ AF Inan, US Golkowski, M Carpenter, DL Reddell, N Moore, RC Bell, TF Paschal, E Kossey, P Kennedy, E Meth, SZ TI Multi-hop whistler-mode ELF/VLF signals and triggered emissions excited by the HAARP HF heater SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HOT PLASMA DISTRIBUTION; LOWER IONOSPHERE; WAVE INJECTION; ELF RADIATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; PROPAGATION; DIAGNOSTICS; GENERATION; POLAR AB [ 1] Modulated heating of the lower ionosphere with the HAARP HF heater is used to excite 1-2 kHz signals observed on a ship-borne receiver in the geomagnetic conjugate hemisphere after propagating as ducted whistler-mode signals. These 1-hop signals are believed to be amplified, and are accompanied by triggered emissions. Simultaneous observations near (-30 km) HAARP show 2-hop signals which travel to the northern hemisphere upon reflection from the ionosphere in the south. Multiple reflected signals, up to 10-hop, are detected, with the signal dispersing and evolving in shape, indicative of re-amplification and retriggering of emissions during successive traversals of the equatorial interaction regions. C1 Stanford Univ, Star Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Whistler Radio Serv, Anderson Isl, WA 98303 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL USBI, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. DARPA Tact Technol Off, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Inan, US (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Star Lab, Packard Bldg,Rm 355,350 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM inan@nova.stanford.edu NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 24 AR L24805 DI 10.1029/2004GL021647 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 885BY UT WOS:000226132900007 ER PT J AU Childs, JD Fritz, JM Flynn, TW Irrgang, JJ Johnson, KK Majkowski, GR Delitto, A AF Childs, JD Fritz, JM Flynn, TW Irrgang, JJ Johnson, KK Majkowski, GR Delitto, A TI A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with low back pain most likely to benefit from spinal manipulation: A validation study SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FEAR-AVOIDANCE BELIEFS; PRIMARY-CARE; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; MEDICAL LITERATURE; USERS GUIDES; DISABILITY; THERAPY; EXERCISES; MOTION; COST AB Background: Conflicting evidence exists about the effectiveness of spinal manipulation. Objective: To validate a manipulation clinical prediction rule. Design: Multicenter randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Physical therapy clinics. Patients: 131 consecutive patients with low back pain, 18 to 60 years of age, who were referred to physical therapy. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive manipulation plus exercise or exercise alone by a physical therapist for 4 weeks. Measurements: Patients were examined according to the clinical prediction rule criteria (symptom duration, symptom location, fear-avoidance beliefs, lumbar mobility, and hip rotation range of motion). Disability and pain at 1 and 4 weeks and 6 months were assessed. Results: Outcome from spinal manipulation depends on a patient's status on the prediction rule. Treatment effects are greatest for the subgroup of patients who were positive on the rule (at least 4 of 5 criteria met); health care utilization among this subgroup was decreased at 6 months. Compared with patients who were negative on the rule and received exercise, the odds of a successful outcome among patients who were positive on the rule and received manipulation were 60.8 (95% CI, 5.2 to 704.7). The odds were 2.4 (CI, 0.83 to 6.9) among patients who were negative on the rule and received manipulation and 1.0 (CI, 0.28 to 3.6) among patients who were positive on the rule and received exercise. A patient who was positive on the rule and received manipulation has a 92% chance of a successful outcome, with an associated number needed to treat for benefit at 4 weeks of 1.9 (CI, 1.4 to 3.5). Limitations: The response rate for the 6-month follow-up resulted in inadequate power to detect statistically significant differences for some comparisons. Conclusions: The spinal manipulation clinical prediction rule can be used to improve decision making for patients with low back pain. C1 Lackland Air Force Base, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Grad Program Phys Therapy, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Hill AFB, Med Clin, Ogden, UT USA. Luke AFB, Med Clin, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), Lackland Air Force Base, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. EM childsjd@sbcglobal.net NR 65 TC 376 Z9 378 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 12 BP 920 EP 928 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 882EY UT WOS:000225923000003 PM 15611489 ER PT J AU Eismann, MT Hardie, RC AF Eismann, MT Hardie, RC TI Stochastic spectral unmixing with enhanced endmember class separation SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; ALGORITHM; AIRBORNE; SENSOR; MODEL AB Improvements to an algorithm for performing spectral unmixing of hyperspectral imagery based on the stochastic mixing model (SMM) are presented. The SMM provides a method for characterizing both subpixel mixing of the pure image constituents, or endmembers, and statistical variation in the endmember spectra that is due, for example, to sensor noise and natural variability of the pure constituents. Modifications of the iterative, expectation maximization approach to deriving the SMM parameter estimates are proposed, and their effects on unmixing performance are characterized. These modifications specifically concern algorithm initialization, random class assignment, and mixture constraints. The results show that the enhanced stochastic mixing model provides a better statistical representation of hyperspectral imagery from the perspective of achieving greater endmember class separation. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNJT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNJT, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.eismann@wpafb.af.mil NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 36 BP 6596 EP 6608 DI 10.1364/AO.43.006596 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 882CP UT WOS:000225916500007 PM 15646779 ER PT J AU Jakubiak, R Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, V He, GS Prasad, PN Bunning, TJ Vaia, RA AF Jakubiak, R Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, V He, GS Prasad, PN Bunning, TJ Vaia, RA TI Electrically switchable lasing from pyrromethene 597 embedded holographic-polymer dispersed liquid crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; EMISSION; LASER AB One-dimensional photonic band gap (PBG) materials created from holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) provide enhanced light localization in an organic electro-optic device. Distributed feedback within the reflection notch of a H-PDLC grating narrowed the bandwidth of pyrromethene 597 fluorescence from 56 to 8.4 nm at a lasing threshold of 0.12 mJ cm(-2), compared to 2.6 mJ cm(-2) required to observe amplified spontaneous emission in a nonstructured, but comparable floodlit (PDLC) sample. Application of an electric field (10-40 V/mum) continuously decreased the diffraction efficiency of the grating and the commensurate dynamic lasing intensity thus demonstrating electrically modulated gain from an optically pumped, all-organic PBG. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 25 BP 6095 EP 6097 DI 10.1063/1.1839282 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 880DK UT WOS:000225769000005 ER PT J AU Hasselbeck, MP Schlie, LA Stalnaker, D AF Hasselbeck, MP Schlie, LA Stalnaker, D TI Coherent plasmons in InSb SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N-TYPE INSB; TERAHERTZ RADIATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES; DOPED GAAS; EMISSION; CONDUCTION; WAVES; MODES AB Far-infrared electromagnetic radiation is emitted by coherent plasmon oscillations in bulk (111) InSb. The oscillations are excited by near-infrared ultrashort laser pulses and characterized as a function of temperature. The coherent plasmon frequency is determined by the intrinsic electron concentration and donor doping density. The amplitude of the oscillations decreases with increasing temperature due to a weakening of the photo-Dember starting mechanism. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hasselbeck, MP (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mph@unm.edu NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 25 BP 6116 EP 6118 DI 10.1063/1.1840118 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 880DK UT WOS:000225769000012 ER PT J AU Dodd, JA Hwang, ES Castle, KJ DeBoer, GD AF Dodd, JA Hwang, ES Castle, KJ DeBoer, GD TI O+CnH2n, products detected via IR emission. 1. O+C2H4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED FTIR EMISSION; UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION; 193 NM; STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; ROTATIONAL-STATE; VINOXY RADICALS; KINETIC DATA; HCO; PHOTODISSOCIATION; CO AB Collisions between oxygen atoms and ethene have been investigated by using infrared emission detection of the chemiluminescent product species. A prototypical alkene, ethene, nonetheless exhibits numerous reaction pathways in reactions with 0 atoms. Oxygen atoms were formed via photolysis of SO2 in the presence of C2H4, and the resultant IR emissions in the 900-3000-cm(-1) spectral region were detected by using a time-resolved, step-scan Fourier transform spectrometer. A Welsh cell mirror arrangement was used to maximize the collection efficiency of the product IR emissions. Vibrationally excited products such as CO, CO2, HCO, and H2CO have been identified, with CO and CO2 being the dominant IR emitters. The time-evolving CO and CO, spectra have been characterized with respect to the SO2 and C2H4 partial pressures and laser fluence. The rate constants for vibrational relaxation of CO2 high-v population by CnH2n (n = 2-4) are in the mid 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1) range; SO2 is a very inefficient relaxer. A chemical kinetics code has been used to model the chemistry and identify the operative reaction mechanisms, including the effects of secondary chemistry. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Dodd, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM james.dodd@hanscom.af.mil NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 16 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 50 BP 10965 EP 10972 DI 10.1021/jp047304i PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 879CV UT WOS:000225694900007 ER PT J AU Patnaik, SS Trohalaki, S Pachter, R AF Patnaik, SS Trohalaki, S Pachter, R TI Molecular modeling of green fluorescent protein: Structural effects of chromophore deprotonation SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE green fluorescent protein; molecular dynamics; quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics; CHARMm; ONIOM ID DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FORCE-FIELD; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; NONLINEAR SATURATION; PROTONATION STATES; MECHANICS; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; PHOTOISOMERIZATION; ISOMERIZATION; SPECTRA AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to study the conformational rearrangement induced by deprotonation of the fluorescent chromophore in GFP, as well as the associated changes in the hydrogen-bonding network. For both the structures with either a neutral or an anionic chromophore, it was found that the beta-barrel was stable and rigid, and the conformation of the chromophore was consistent with the available x-ray structure. The conformational change in Thr203 due to deprotonation was also found to be consistent with the three-state isomerization model. Although GFP is highly fluorescent, denatured-GFP is nonfluorescent, indicating that the environment of the protein plays an important role in its fluorescence behavior. Our MD simulations, which explore the effect of the protein shell on the conformation of the chromophore,find the flexibility of the central chromophore to be significantly restricted due to the rigid nature of the protein shell. The hydrogen-bonding between the chromophore and neighboring residues was also shown to contribute to the chromophore rigidity. In addition to the MD studies, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) ONIOM calculations were carried out to investigate the effect of the beta-barrel on the internal rotation in the chromophore. Along with providing quantitative values for torsional rotation barriers about the bridging bond in the chromophore, the ONIOM calculations also validate our MD force field parameters. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Patnaik, SS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way,Bldg 651, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Soumya.Patnaik@wpafb.af.mil NR 40 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 75 IS 6 BP 441 EP 452 DI 10.1002/bip.20156 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 877GT UT WOS:000225556600001 PM 15497152 ER PT J AU Halliburton, LE Wang, LJ Bai, LH Garces, NY Giles, NC Callahan, MJ Wang, BG AF Halliburton, LE Wang, LJ Bai, LH Garces, NY Giles, NC Callahan, MJ Wang, BG TI Infrared absorption from OH- ions adjacent to lithium acceptors in hydrothermally grown ZnO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CU-H-CENTERS; ZINC-OXIDE; PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BULK ZNO; HYDROGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINESCENCE; COPPER AB An intense infrared absorption band has been observed in a hydrothermally grown ZnO crystal. At 12 K, the band peaks near 3577.3 cm(-1) and has a half width of 0.40 cm(-1), and at 300 K, the band peaks at 3547 cm(-1) and has a half width of 41.3 cm(-1). This absorption band is highly polarized, with its maximum intensity occurring when the electric field of the measuring light is parallel to the c axis of the crystal. Photoinduced electron-paramagnetic-resonance experiments show that the crystal contains lithium acceptors (i.e., lithium ions occupying zinc sites). Lithium and OH- ions are present in the crystal because lithium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide are used as solvents during the hydrothermal growth. In the as-grown crystal, some of the lithium acceptors will have an OH- ion located at an adjacent axial oxygen site (to serve as a passivator), and we assign the 3577.3-cm(-1) band observed at 12 K to these neutral complexes. Our results illustrate the role of hydrogen as a charge compensator for singly ionized acceptors in ZnO. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Solid State Sci, Nashua, NH 03049 USA. RP Halliburton, LE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM larry.halliburton@mail.wvu.edu NR 48 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7168 EP 7172 DI 10.1063/1.1806531 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400031 ER PT J AU Repine, TB DeArmond, G Lopez, JD AF Repine, TB DeArmond, G Lopez, JD TI Case 2. Burkitt's lymphoma involving the gallbladder SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Parkland Mem Hosp & Affiliated Inst, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Repine, TB (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 22 IS 24 BP 5014 EP 5015 DI 10.1200/JCO.2004.11.026 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 886OT UT WOS:000226238900023 PM 15611517 ER PT J AU Bulanova, M Firstov, S Gornaya, I Miracle, D AF Bulanova, M Firstov, S Gornaya, I Miracle, D TI The melting diagram of the Ti-corner of the Ti-Zr-Si system and mechanical properties of as-cast compositions SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE melting diagram; Ti-corner; Ti-Zr-Si system ID PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; SILICIDE PRECIPITATION; RICH CORNER; ALLOYS AB Phase equilibria in the Ti-corner of the Ti-Zr-Si system were studied by the methods of metallography, differential thermal analysis, X-ray and microprobe analyses of as-cast samples. The results are given in the way of the melting diagram and of polythermal sections at 10 and 20 at.% Si. At 1300 degreesC invariant four-phase equilibrium of eutectic type L <----> (beta) + (Ti5Si3)(Z) + <(Ti, Zr)(2)Si> (S-2) was shown to occur in the concentration interval studied. The location of the eutectic point E was determined to take place at similar to78Ti-11Zr-11Si. The ternary compound S2 formed from the melt by peritectic reaction L + Z --> S2. Microhardness of the primary silicide grains and of eutectics microconstituents has shown that zirconium additions decrease the strength of the Z-phase and of the beta + Z eutectic, while they do not change the strength of the S2-silicide and of the beta + S2 eutectic. Based on the results of hot hardness measurements, below 550 degreesC the potential for attractive high-temperature structural properties is controlled by refinement of the microstructure, while above this temperature the alpha --> beta transformation temperature of Ti limits the application. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IN Frantsevich Inst Prob Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bulanova, M (reprint author), IN Frantsevich Inst Prob Mat Sci, Krzhyzhanovsky Str 3, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. EM bulanova@ipms.kiev.ua NR 22 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 384 IS 1-2 BP 106 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.02.060 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 873VI UT WOS:000225308800021 ER PT J AU Gupta, M Owano, T Baer, DS O'Keefe, A Williams, S AF Gupta, M Owano, T Baer, DS O'Keefe, A Williams, S TI Quantitative determination of singlet oxygen density and temperature for Oxygen-Iodine Laser Applications SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRIC-QUADRUPOLE; 0,0 TRANSITION; CAVITY RING; O-2; PRESSURE; SPECTROSCOPY; WIDTHS; A(1)DELTA(G); INTENSITY AB The absolute density of singlet oxygen has been quantitatively determined using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy to measure the Q(2)-Q(18) lines of the (0,0) band of the b(1)Sigma(g)(+) <--a(1)Delta(g) Noxon system near 1910 nm. Using derived values for the absorption cross-sections and a fitted rotational temperature of 295 K, a singlet oxygen density of 3 x 10(15) molecules CM-3 (5% conversion efficiency) was obtained in the afterglow of a 13.56 MHz RF discharge. The observed line spectrum for the Q(1 2) transition has a signal-to-noise ratio of 120:1 signifying that singlet oxygen densities as low as 2.5 x 10(13) molecules CM-3 are detectable. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Gatos Res Inc, Opt Div, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Gupta, M (reprint author), Los Gatos Res Inc, Opt Div, 67 E Evelyn Ave,Suite 3, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA. EM m.gupta@lgrinc.com; skip.williams@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 400 IS 1-3 BP 42 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.10.076 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 878WX UT WOS:000225679200009 ER PT J AU Cooper, TM Blaudeau, JP Hall, BC Rogers, JE McLean, DG Liu, YL Toscano, JP AF Cooper, TM Blaudeau, JP Hall, BC Rogers, JE McLean, DG Liu, YL Toscano, JP TI The triplet state of a platinum acetylide chromophore examined by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PT-ETHYNYL COMPOUND; EXCITED-STATES; ENERGY-GAP; SERIES; IR; ABSORPTION; REACTIVITY; COMPLEXES; OLIGOMERS; POLYMERS AB To understand platinum acetylide molecular structure changes upon conversion to the triplet state, we measured time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectra of the platinum acetylide complex trans-bis(tributylphosphine) bis(4-ethynyl-1-(2-phenylethynyl) benzene)platinum (abbreviated as PE2). We used density functional theory (DFT) methods to calculate the geometry, molecular orbitals and vibrational spectra of the ground and lowest energy triplet state of PE2. Solutions of PE2 were excited upon us pulsed laser excitation at 355 nm and TRIR spectra were collected. The TRIR data show cumulenic vibrations in the triplet state as well as evidence for photoproduct formation. The DFT results support the experimental data, suggesting PE2's triplet state has quinone character. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. High Performance Technol Inc, ASC HP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Cooper@wpafb.af.mil NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 400 IS 1-3 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.10.132 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 878WX UT WOS:000225679200045 ER PT J AU Greenwood, AD Cartwright, KL Luginsland, JW Baca, EA AF Greenwood, AD Cartwright, KL Luginsland, JW Baca, EA TI On the elimination of numerical Cerenkov radiation in PIC simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are a useful tool in modeling plasma in physical devices. The Yee finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is commonly used in PIC simulations to model the electromagnetic fields. However, in the Yee FDTD method, poorly resolved waves at frequencies near the cut off frequency of the grid travel slower than the physical speed of light. These slowly traveling, poorly resolved waves are not a problem in many simulations because the physics of interest are at much lower frequencies. However, when high energy particles are present, the particles may travel faster than the numerical speed of their own radiation, leading to non-physical, numerical Cerenkov radiation. Due to non-linear interaction between the particles and the fields, the numerical Cerenkov radiation couples into the frequency band of physical interest and corrupts the PIC simulation. There are two methods of mitigating the effects of the numerical Cerenkov radiation. The computational stencil used to approximate the curl operator can be altered to improve the high frequency physics, or a filtering scheme can be introduced to attenuate the waves that cause the numerical Cerenkov radiation. Altering the computational stencil is more physically accurate but is difficult to implement while maintaining charge conservation in the code. Thus, filtering is more commonly used. Two previously published filters by Godfrey and Friedman are analyzed and compared to ideally desired filter properties. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Greenwood, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM agreenwood@ieee.org NR 8 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 201 IS 2 BP 665 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.06.021 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 875HB UT WOS:000225409800014 ER PT J AU Eckart, RE Scoville, SL Campbell, CL Shry, EA Stajduhar, KC Potter, RN Pearse, LA Virmani, R AF Eckart, RE Scoville, SL Campbell, CL Shry, EA Stajduhar, KC Potter, RN Pearse, LA Virmani, R TI Sudden death in young adults: A 25-year review of autopsies in military recruits SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY ANOMALIES; SICKLE-CELL TRAIT; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; CARDIAC DEATH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; WATER-INTOXICATION; POPULATION; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ATHLETE; CLASSIFICATION AB Background: Sudden death among military recruits is a rare but devastating occurrence. Because extensive medical data are available on this cross-sectional and diverse population, identification of the underlying causes of sudden death may promote health care policy to reduce the incidence of sudden death. Objective: To determine the causes of nontraumatic sudden death among a cohort of military recruits. Design: Retrospective cohort study using demographic and autopsy data from the Department of Defense Recruit Mortality Registry. Setting: Basic military training. Patients: All nontraumatic sudden deaths from a monitored 6.3 million men and women age 18 to 35 years. Measurements: Descriptive analysis, crude mortality rates of causes of sudden death, and frequency of events as a function of cause of death. Results: Of 126 nontraumatic sudden deaths (rate, 13.0/100 000 recruit-years), 108 (86%) were related to exercise. The most common cause of sudden death was an identifiable cardiac abnormality (64 of 126 recruits [51%]); however, a substantial number of deaths remained unexplained (44 of 126 recruits [35%]). The predominant structural cardiac abnormalities were coronary artery abnormalities (39 of 64 recruits [61%]), myocarditis (13 of 64 recruits [20%]), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (8 of 64 recruits [13%]). An anomalous coronary artery accounted for one third (21 of 64 recruits) of the cases in this cohort, and, in each, the left coronary artery arose from the right (anterior) sinus of Valsalva, coursing between the pulmonary artery and aorta. Limitations: This cohort underwent a preenlistment screening program that included history and physical examination; this may have altered outcomes. Conclusions: cardiac abnormalities are the leading identifiable cause of sudden death among military recruits; however, more than one third of sudden deaths remain unexplained after detailed medical investigation. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Eckart, RE (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, USA, Cardiac Arrhythmia Serv, Div Cardiovasc, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM Robert.Eckart@us.army.mil NR 45 TC 346 Z9 371 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 11 BP 829 EP 834 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 876WZ UT WOS:000225530700001 PM 15583223 ER PT J AU Galbreath, AD Krasuski, RA Smith, B Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Freeman, GL AF Galbreath, AD Krasuski, RA Smith, B Stajduhar, KC Kwan, MD Ellis, R Freeman, GL TI Long-term healthcare and cost outcomes of disease management in a large, randomized, community-based population with heart failure SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc DE heart failure; cost-benefit analysis; disease management ID HOME-BASED INTERVENTION; ELDERLY PATIENTS; UNPLANNED READMISSIONS; RESOURCE UTILIZATION; PROGRAM; MORTALITY; MULTIDISCIPLINARY; HOSPITALIZATION; TRIAL; EDUCATION AB Background - Because of the prevalence and expense of congestive heart failure (CHF), significant efforts have been made to develop disease management (DM) programs that will improve clinical and financial outcomes. The effectiveness of such programs in a large, heterogeneous population of CHF patients remains unknown. Methods and Results - We randomized 1069 patients (aged 70.9 +/- 10.3 years) with systolic (ejection fraction 35 +/- 9%) or echocardiographically confirmed diastolic heart failure (HF) to assess telephonic DM over an 18-month period. Data were collected at baseline and at 6-month intervals. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods. Healthcare utilization was defined after extensive record review, with an attempt to account for all inpatient and outpatient visits, medications, and diagnostic tests. We obtained data on 92% of the patients, from nearly 53 000 health-related encounters. Total cost per patient was defined by adding estimated costs for the observed encounters, excluding the cost of the DM. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that DM patients had a reduced mortality rate (P = 0.037), with DM patients surviving an average of 76 days longer than controls. Subgroup analysis showed that DM had beneficial outcomes in patients with systolic HF (hazard ratio 0.62; P = 0.040), which was more pronounced in NYHA classes III and IV. Although improvements in NYHA class were more likely with DM (P < 0.001), 6-minute walk data from 217 patients in whom data were available at each visit showed no significant benefit from DM (P = 0.08). Total and CHF-related healthcare utilization, including medications, office or emergency department visits, procedures, or hospitalizations, was not decreased by DM. Repeated-measures ANOVA for cost by group showed no significant differences, even in the higher NYHA class groups. Conclusions - Participation in DM resulted in a significant survival benefit, most notably in symptomatic systolic HF patients. Although DM was associated with improved NYHA class, 6-minute walk test results did not improve. Healthcare utilization was not reduced by DM, and it conferred no cost savings. DM in HF results in improved life expectancy but does not improve objective measures of functional capacity and does not reduce cost. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Dis Management Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Altarum Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Tricare SW, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Freeman, GL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Cardiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM freeman@uthscsa.edu OI Krasuski, Richard/0000-0003-3150-5215 NR 28 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 3 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 23 BP 3518 EP 3526 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000148957.62328.89 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 877GP UT WOS:000225556200005 PM 15531765 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Gentile, LC Huang, CY Valladares, CE Su, SY AF Burke, WJ Gentile, LC Huang, CY Valladares, CE Su, SY TI Longitudinal variability of equatorial plasma bubbles observed by DMSP and ROCSAT-1 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE equatorial plasma bubbles; ionospheric scintillations; seasonal-longitudinal climatology; global ionosphere; South Atlantic Anomaly ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; SPREAD-F; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SOLAR MAXIMUM; REGION; IRREGULARITIES; IONOSPHERE; SCINTILLATIONS; PRECIPITATION; DRIFTS AB [1] We compare observations of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) by polar-orbiting satellites of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ( DMSP) with plasma density measurements from the Republic of China Satellite (ROCSAT-1) in a low-inclination orbit. DMSP data were acquired in the evening sector at low magnetic latitudes between 1989 and 2002. ROCSAT-1 plasma densities were measured in March and April of 2000 and 2002. Observations of individual EPBs detected by both ROCSAT-1 and DMSP were well correlated when satellite orbital paths crossed the same longitude within approximately +/- 15 min. We compiled a statistical database of ROCSAT-1 EPB occurrence rates sorted by magnetic local time (MLT), magnetic latitude, and geographic longitude. The rate of ROCSAT-1 EPB encounters at topside altitudes rose rapidly after 1930 MLT and peaked between 2000 and 2200 MLT, close to the orbital planes of DMSP F12, F14, and F15. EPB encounter rates have Gaussian distributions centered on the magnetic equator with half widths of similar to8degrees. Longitudinal distributions observed by ROCSAT-1 and DMSP are qualitatively similar, with both showing significantly fewer occurrences than expected near the west coast of South America. A chain of GPS receivers extending from Colombia to Chile measured a west-to-east gradient in S4 indices that independently confirms the existence of a steep longitudinal gradient in EPB occurrence rates. We suggest that precipitation of energetic particles from the inner radiation belt causes the dearth of EPBs. Enhancements in the postsunset ionospheric conductance near the South Atlantic Anomaly cause a decrease in growth rate for the generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Results indicate substantial agreement between ROCSAT-1 and DMSP observations and provide new insights on EPB phenomenology. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM william.burke2@hanscom.af.mil; louise.gentile@hanscom.af.mil; cheryl.huang@hanscom.af.mil; valladar@bc.edu; sysu@jupiter.ss.ncu.edu.tw NR 38 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 4 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A12 AR A12301 DI 10.1029/2004JA010583 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 877RG UT WOS:000225587100002 ER PT J AU Ziegler, A Idrobo, JC Cinibulk, MK Kisielowski, C Browning, ND Ritchie, RO AF Ziegler, A Idrobo, JC Cinibulk, MK Kisielowski, C Browning, ND Ritchie, RO TI Interface structure and atomic bonding characteristics in silicon nitride ceramics SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERGRANULAR FILM THICKNESS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; BETA-SIALONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; BETA-SI3N4; FRACTURE; STRENGTH; SI3N4 AB Direct atomic resolution images have been obtained that illustrate how a range of rare-earth atoms bond to the interface between the intergranular phase and the matrix grains in an advanced silicon nitride ceramic. It has been found that each rare-earth atom bonds to the interface at a different location, depending on atom size, electronic configuration, and the presence of oxygen at the interface. This is the key factor to understanding the origin of the mechanical properties in these ceramics and will enable precise tailoring in the future to critically improve the materials' performance in wide-ranging applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ziegler, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aziegler@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 26 TC 145 Z9 150 U1 7 U2 64 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5702 BP 1768 EP 1770 DI 10.1126/science.1104173 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 878FA UT WOS:000225630800050 PM 15576617 ER PT J AU Nalesnik, JG Sabanegh, ES Eng, TY Buchholz, TA AF Nalesnik, JG Sabanegh, ES Eng, TY Buchholz, TA TI Fertility in men after treatment for stage 1 and 2A seminoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE seminoma; radiotherapy; fertility; spermatogenesis ID TESTICULAR CANCER; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; RADIOTHERAPY; THERAPY AB The purpose of this article is to assess the long-term fertility and attitudes towards fecundity in men after radical inguinal orchiectomy and radiation therapy (RT) for seminoma, and also to assess how often sperm cryopreservation is being offered to patients with seminoma prior to treatment. A retrospective review was conducted at 3 institutions (Wilford Hall Air Force Medical Center, Brooke Army Medical Center, and Fitzsimmons Army Medical Center) to identify patients who had undergone treatment of stage 1 or 2A seminoma during the period from 1975 to 1997. Seventy-three of 212 (34%) patients meeting the selection criteria of stage 1 or 2A seminoma provided information for this analysis. This was thought to be a good response rate, given that many of the patients had changed duty stations or had separated from the military by the time this study started. We performed a review of RT and tumor board records of 73 patients who were treated for testicular seminoma at selected treatment facilities from 1975 to 1997. Patients completed questionnaires and phone interviews that focused on prior fertility, the desire to father (more) children, other fertility-affecting factors (varicocele, cryptorchidism, infection, and erectile dysfunction), and incidence of physician counseling with regard to cryopreservation. All patients were asked to obtain a current semen analysis (SA). Eleven (15%) patients reported that they had tried to father children since completion of their RT. Seven of 11 (64%) successfully achieved pregnancy within a mean time of 3.5 years since RT (range: 1 month to 5 years). Of the 4 couples that were not successful, 1 had severe female factor infertility problems and a second had organic erectile dysfunction. A third had a past surgical history remarkable for vasectomy with subsequent vasectomy reversal. Nine patients provided SA. Mean sperm count and motility were 24.2 Mil/mL (range: 5-81 Mil/mL) and 63.1% (range: 30-90%), respectively (normal SA values: count = 20-250 Mil/mL, motility >50%, and volume = 1.5-5.0 mL). No patients were azoospermic. Overall mean time interval from radiation therapy was 7.9 years. Radiation dose and time since RT did not correlate with either SA results or conception. Only 16 of 73 (22%) men had been offered pretreatment sperm cryopreservation by their counseling physician. It is concluded that (1) patients who are treated for early stage seminoma by orchiectomy and RT have greater than a 50% chance of regaining normal semen parameters, and all regain at least some spermatogenesis; 2) recovery of spermatogenesis is not related to therapeutic radiation dose with the use of modern shielding and RT portals; (3) the majority of treated patients who desire children can conceive; and (4) sperm cryopreservation remains an underutilized option for seminoma patients. C1 UTHSCSA, Dept Radiat Oncol, Canc Therapy Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Eng, TY (reprint author), UTHSCSA, Dept Radiat Oncol, Canc Therapy Res Ctr, 7979 Wurzbach Rd, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. EM tyeng@pol.net NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3732 J9 AM J CLIN ONCOL-CANC JI Am. J. Clin. Oncol.-Cancer Clin. Trials PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 6 BP 584 EP 588 DI 10.1097/01.coc.0000135736.18493.dd PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 878SD UT WOS:000225666200008 PM 15577436 ER PT J AU Banks, S Miller, Q Harre, J Lilly, M Rose, M AF Banks, S Miller, Q Harre, J Lilly, M Rose, M TI A comprehensive teratological assessment of isosulfan blue (lymphazurin 1%) in the pregnant sprague dawley rat SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 09-12, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 USAF, Keesler Med Ctr, Clin Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 191 IS 6 SU S MA 564 BP S160 EP S160 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.466 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 882FW UT WOS:000225925500558 ER PT J AU McDevitt, ER Taylor, DC Miller, MD Gerber, JP Ziemke, G Hinkin, D Uhorchak, JM Arciero, RA Pierre, PS AF McDevitt, ER Taylor, DC Miller, MD Gerber, JP Ziemke, G Hinkin, D Uhorchak, JM Arciero, RA Pierre, PS TI Functional bracing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - A prospective, randomized, multicenter study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE functional bracing; anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); knee braces; postoperative bracing; knee reconstruction ID KNEE-BRACES; REHABILITATION; FIXATION; GRAFT AB Background: Bracing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is expensive and is not proven to prevent injuries or influence outcomes. Purpose: To determine whether postoperative functional knee bracing influences outcomes. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Methods: One hundred volunteers from the 3 US service academies with acute anterior cruciate ligament tears were randomized into braced or nonbraced groups. Only those subjects with anterior cruciate ligament tears treated surgically within the first 8 weeks of injury were included. Patients with chondral injuries, significant meniscal tears, or multiple knee ligament injuries were excluded. Surgical procedures and the postoperative physical therapy protocols were identical for both groups. The braced group was instructed to wear an off-the-shelf functional knee brace for all cutting, pivoting, or jumping activities for the first year after surgery. Results: Ninety-five subjects were available with a minimum 2-year follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in knee stability, functional testing with the single-legged hop test, International Knee Documentation Committee scores, Lysholm scores, knee range of motion, or isokinetic strength testing. Two braced subjects had reinjuries, and 3 nonbraced subjects had reinjuries. Conclusions: In this young, active population, postoperative bracing does not appear to change the clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. C1 USN Acad, Dept Orthopaed, Annapolis, MD USA. USN Acad, Dept Sports Med, Annapolis, MD USA. USN Acad, Phys Therapy Dept, Annapolis, MD USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Taylor, DC (reprint author), Keller Army Community Hosp, Orthopaed Serv, 900 Washington Rd, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM dean.taylor@na.amedd.army.mil NR 16 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1887 EP 1892 DI 10.1177/0363546504265998 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 874WJ UT WOS:000225380900013 PM 15572317 ER PT J AU Jalbert, PA Markham, JR AF Jalbert, PA Markham, JR TI Fourier transform infrared for turbine engine health monitoring SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; FT-IR sensor; gas turbine engines; oil leak diagnostic C1 Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerospace Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. Adv Fuel Res Inc, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Jalbert, PA (reprint author), Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Aerospace Testing Alliance, 678 2nd St, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1506 EP 1508 DI 10.1366/0003702042641263 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 879GJ UT WOS:000225704100019 PM 15606966 ER PT J AU Muza, SR Rock, PB Zupan, MF Miller, JC Thomas, WR Cymerman, A AF Muza, SR Rock, PB Zupan, MF Miller, JC Thomas, WR Cymerman, A TI Residence at moderate altitude improves ventilatory response to high altitude SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypoxia; arterial oxygen saturation; acute mountain sickness ID ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; CHRONIC HYPOXIA; GAS-EXCHANGE; ACCLIMATIZATION; EXERCISE; FT AB Background: This study compared the distribution of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and susceptibility to Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) in moderate altitude residents (MAR) and low altitude residents (LAR) following rapid ascent to 4056 m. Methods: Resting PETCO2 and SaO(2) were measured in 38 subjects residing for > 3 mo near Colorado Springs, CO (MAR group), at 1940 m (USAF Academy), and after similar to1 h at 4056 m on the summit of Pikes Peak, CO, following ascent by car. SaO(2) was also measured at 610-m elevation intervals during the ascent. Of the LAR (50 m) group, 39 subjects were exposed to a similar ascent profile in a hypobaric chamber. Results: At 1940 m the MAR SaO(2) and PETCO2 were 94 +/- 1% ((x) over bar +/- SD) and 33.6 +/- 2.8 mmHg, respectively. At 3048 In and higher, MAR SaO(2) decreased, reaching 86 +/- 2% (p < 0.001) at 4056 m, and PETCO2 (32.1 +/- 4.5 mmHg) decreased (p < 0.05). At 50 In the LAR SaO(2) and PETCO2 were 98 1% and 38.7 +/- 2.7 mmHg, respectively. At 1940 m and higher, LAR SaO(2) decreased (p < 0.001), reaching 82 +/- 5% at 4056 m, and PETCO2 (36.4 +/- 3.5 mmHg) decreased (p < 0.05). Above 2438 m, the MAR SaO(2) was higher (p < 0.001) than the LAR. Only one MAR subject, but nine LAR subjects reported AMS symptoms. Conclusions: Ventilatory acclimatization developed during moderate altitude residence substantially enhances arterial oxygenation during rapid ascents to higher altitudes. Compared with prior studies, the level of ventilatory acclimatization achieved at moderate altitude is similar to residing at 4056 m for approximately 5-9 d. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab Human Environm Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Muza, SR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Stephen.muza@us.army.mil NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1042 EP 1048 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 876NE UT WOS:000225503000004 PM 15619858 ER PT J AU Storms, PR Michaelson, R Brehm, W AF Storms, PR Michaelson, R Brehm, W TI Medical waiver experience at US Air Force special operations command, 1992-2003 SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aircrew standards; injury; illness ID NAVAL AVIATION PERSONNEL; PILOTS AB Introduction: Strict physical standards are applied to military applicants and service members, but these standards can be waived on a case-by-case basis when a member is felt to be capable of continued service in spite of their infirmity. Knowledge of the waiver experience at the unit or major command (MAJCOM) level could yield important operational risk management insight. The present study examined the waiver experience at Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) from 1992 through 2003. Methods: A dataset reflecting the accumulated waiver experience at AFSOC from 1992 to 2003 was reviewed. Diagnostic groups and occupations were tallied, and waiver rates determined for each. Results: There were 1042 individuals considered for waivers of 1270 medical conditions. Combat controllers made up the largest occupational group, and were statistically more likely to seek waiver consideration than would be expected in the general AFSOC population. The five most commonly encountered diagnostic groups were otorhinolaryngologic, 26.9%; musculoskeletal, 17.6%; ophthalmologic, 10.9%; cardiovascular, 7.2%; and gastrointestinal, 7.9%. Waivers were granted to 83.91% of the group. Pilots and navigators were more likely to receive a waiver, and aerial gunners were less likely to receive a waiver. Discussion: The five most commonly encountered diagnostic groups accounted for 69% of waiver requests, and the overall waiver rate of 83.9% exceeded that reported in other studies. This MAJCOM-specific data could serve as a valuable resource for comparison to waiver data obtained from other MAJCOMs, and could aid in the development of targeted operational risk management activities. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Storms, PR (reprint author), 2601 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM patrick.storms@brooks.af.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1070 EP 1074 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 876NE UT WOS:000225503000008 PM 15619862 ER PT J AU Galvagno, SM Massa, TV Price, SC AF Galvagno, SM Massa, TV Price, SC TI Acceleration risk in student fighter pilots: Preliminary analysis of a management program SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE G-induced loss of consciousness; F-16 aircraft; operational risk management; high-G exposure; anti-G straining maneuver; fighter pilot training ID G TOLERANCE; CONSCIOUSNESS AB Despite advances in G-protection, F-16 student pilots continue to demonstrate G-performance inadequacies. The G-Risk Indicator Management (GRIM) Program was introduced at Luke Air Force Base in 2000 to facilitate early detection of G-related problems and to aid in the establishment of tailored ground training programs designed to enhance a student's performance under G. Assessment of anthropomorphic data, previous G-performance, anaerobic fitness, and centrifuge qualification scores comprise the initial assessment in the GRIM Program. Observations from these assessments are used to qualitatively determine the level of risk for the student. in the absence of any historical controls, no conclusions could be drawn with regards to the overall efficiency of the GRIM program. Significant differences were found between groups for anaerobic test scores, centrifuge scores, and gradebook comments. The results from this non-experimental study suggest the need for future studies to better determine the validity of G-risk indicators. RP Galvagno, SM (reprint author), 56th Aeromed Support Squadron,56th Fighter Wing,1, Luke AFB, AZ 85309 USA. EM Samuel.Galvagno@luke.af.mil NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 75 IS 12 BP 1077 EP 1080 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 876NE UT WOS:000225503000010 PM 15619864 ER PT J AU Wheelock, A Cooke, DL Gatsonis, NA AF Wheelock, A Cooke, DL Gatsonis, NA TI Investigation of ion beam neutralization processes with 2D and 3D PIC simulations SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE Particle-in-Cell (PIC); electric propulsion; ion beam neutralization ID 3-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CIRCUIT SOLUTION; PROPULSION; CODES AB While it is common knowledge that ion beams are easily neutralized for both current and charge density using a variety of means, the precise process of neutralization remains unknown. With the increasing importance of electric propulsion, and in particular micropropulsion systems, this question is of significant importance. Additionally, it has bearing on thruster design, space instrument calibration, electrodynamic tethers, and ionospheric research. A review of the present state of knowledge on this topic is presented as well as results from ion beam simulations using 2D and 3D Particle-in-Cell (PIC) codes. We investigate both the early "filling" problem of the beam starting to move away from the spacecraft and the steady state problem where the beam encounters a wall at an infinite distance from the spacecraft. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Wheelock, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM adrian.wheelock@hanscom.af.mil; david.cooke@hanscom.af.mil; gatsonis@wpi.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.045 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600059 ER PT J AU Varela, JG Boccaccini, MT Scogin, F Stump, J Caputo, A AF Varela, JG Boccaccini, MT Scogin, F Stump, J Caputo, A TI Personality testing in law enforcement employment settings - A meta-analytic review SO CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Review DE meta-analysis; police; law enforcement; personality assessment ID CALIFORNIA PSYCHOLOGICAL INVENTORY; POLICE OFFICER PERFORMANCE; JOB-PERFORMANCE; ACADEMY PERFORMANCE; MMPI; APPLICANTS; IPI; RELIABILITY; PREDICTORS; VALIDATION AB Meta-analysis was used to (a) assess the overall validity of personality measures as predictors of law enforcement officer job performance, (b) investigate the moderating effects of study design characteristics on this relation, and (c) compare effects for commonly used instruments in this setting. Results revealed a modest but statistically significant relation between personality test scores and officer performance. Prediction was strongest for the California Psychological Inventory and weaker for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Inwald Personality Inventory. Effect sizes were larger for studies examining current job performance, as opposed to future job performance. Implications for using personality tests in the law enforcement officer hiring process are discussed. and recommendations for future research are provided. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Psychol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Varela, JG (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Psychol, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 97 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0093-8548 J9 CRIM JUSTICE BEHAV JI Crim. Justice Behav. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 649 EP 675 DI 10.1177/0093854804268746 PG 27 WC Psychology, Clinical; Criminology & Penology SC Psychology; Criminology & Penology GA 870QU UT WOS:000225073700001 ER PT J AU Repperger, DW AF Repperger, DW TI Adaptive displays and controllers using alternative feedback SO CYBERPSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB Investigations on the design of haptic (force reflecting joystick or force display) controllers were conducted by viewing the display of force information within the context of several different paradigms. First, using analogies from electrical and mechanical systems, certain schemes of the haptic interface were hypothesized which may improve the human-machine interaction with respect to various criteria. A discussion is given on how this interaction benefits the electrical and mechanical system. To generalize this concept to the design of human-machine interfaces, three studies with haptic mechanisms were then synthesized and analyzed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECP, Bldg 33, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Daniel.Repperger@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1094-9313 J9 CYBERPSYCHOL BEHAV JI CyberPsychol. Behav. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 7 IS 6 BP 645 EP 652 DI 10.1089/cpb.2004.7.645 PG 8 WC Communication; Psychology, Applied SC Communication; Psychology GA 890ZQ UT WOS:000226551100005 PM 15687798 ER PT J AU Klenk, K Snow, J Morgan, K Bowen, R Stephens, M Foster, F Gordy, P Beckett, S Komar, N Gubler, D Bunning, M AF Klenk, K Snow, J Morgan, K Bowen, R Stephens, M Foster, F Gordy, P Beckett, S Komar, N Gubler, D Bunning, M TI Alligators as West Nile virus amplifiers SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; GARTER SNAKES THAMNOPHIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS; REPTILES; TEMPERATURE; VERTEBRATES AB Recent evidence suggests that American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) may be capable of transmitting West Nile virus (WNV) to other alligators. We experimentally exposed 24 juvenile alligators to WNV parenterally or orally. All became infected, and all but three sustained viremia titers >5.0 log(10) PFU/mL (a threshold considered infectious for Culex quinquetasciatus mosquitoes) for 1 to 8 days. Noninoculated tankmates also became infected. The viremia profiles and multiple routes of infection suggest alligators may play an important role in WNV transmission in areas with high population densities of juvenile alligators. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Klenk, K (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kaci.klenk@aphis.usda.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI25489] NR 36 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2150 EP 2155 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 876WA UT WOS:000225528000014 PM 15663852 ER PT J AU Robinson, P MacDonell, M AF Robinson, P MacDonell, M TI Priorities for mixtures health effects research SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE modeling; risk assessment; PBPK; mixtures interactions; chronic disease; susceptibility; toxicokinetics ID ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; PRION PROTEIN; MANGANESE; AGGREGATION; INITIATE; DISEASE; COPPER; TSE AB In order to better inform scientific decision making in the occupational environment, we need a better understanding of the toxicology of mixed exposures. In particular, we need an understanding of the dose-response relationship from the level of individual or population exposure down to the molecular level (and then back up again from the molecular level to the specific health-related response of the organism as a whole). Mixtures toxicology is proving to be different from single-chemical toxicology in several fundamental but barely recognized ways: complex chemical mixtures may consist of thousands of (often unidentified) components, each often at very low doses, but together constituting significant exposure levels; exposure is nearly always via multiple routes, pathways; other stressors such as noise, heat, infection, etc., may play a significant role in the overall environmental health response; interactions are potentially many and varied: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions may occur at the same site, or at different sites via complex physiological processes (including defense mechanisms); cumulative effects of different exposures/stresses over time need to be considered (altering the "baseline" susceptibility of the individual). Knowledge gained in mixtures research should be able to improve current risk assessment and mitigation or intervention methods. In NIOSH's National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) three priority areas have been identified: Epidemiology: Improvement of statistical tools to identify mixed effects from available epidemiological data ("confounding factors are mixtures effects"). Awareness of disease states with significant environmental components (Gulf War Syndrome (GWS), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS), etc.). Recognition and investigation of the complexity of disease related responses to multiple (simultaneous and serial) stressors (immune system, endocrine system, nervous system, etc.). Wider emphasis on relatively new concepts such as susceptibility, which links the genetic and environmental components of a disease. Disease itself is of course also a stressor. Laboratory approaches: Methods need to be developed to understand and integrate experimental data from the molecular to the whole organism level for understanding multiple data (proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics/metabonomics) from mixed exposures. Understanding and prediction of precursors to adverse health effects will inevitably lead to identification of useful biomarkers of effect, and to earlier and more effective intervention strategies. We also need to improve our ability to forecast interaction effects from mixed exposures using less costly cellular-based screening tools and computer modeling (e.g. QSAR), and develop improved models for large-scale studies of the nature of chemical interactions that lump responses by chemical classes. Modeling as integrator of data: Development and validation of mechanism-based models and predictive tools are essential for improving current risk assessment processes for mixtures. For example, current linked physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) models for multiple simultaneous exposures to chemicals (such as BTEX) need to be extended to more complex mixtures, and new statistical methods of dealing with possibly thousands of components need to be developed. Ultimately, such models may become an integral part of a model of the "virtual human" via computer simulation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Robinson, P (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, POB 31009, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. EM peter.robinson@wpafb.af.mil NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 SI SI BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.01.014 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 876YB UT WOS:000225533600003 PM 21782750 ER PT J AU Rector, TS Wickstrom, SL Shah, M Thomas Greeenlee, N Rheault, P Rogowski, J Freedman, V Adams, J Escarce, JJ AF Rector, TS Wickstrom, SL Shah, M Thomas Greeenlee, N Rheault, P Rogowski, J Freedman, V Adams, J Escarce, JJ TI Specificity and sensitivity of claims-based algorithms for identifying members of Medicare plus Choice health plans that have chronic medical conditions SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE medical informatics; claim review; algorithms; specificity and sensitivity ID ADMINISTRATIVE DATA; POPULATION; VALIDATION; CARE AB Objective. To examine the effects of varying diagnostic and pharmaceutical criteria on the performance of claims-based algorithms for identifying beneficiaries with hypertension, heart failure, chronic lung disease, arthritis, glaucoma, and diabetes. Study Setting. Secondary 1999-2000 data from two Medicare+Choice health plans. Study Design. Retrospective analysis of algorithm specificity and sensitivity. Data Collection. Physician, facility, and pharmacy claims data were extracted from electronic records for a sample of 3,633 continuously enrolled beneficiaries who responded to an independent survey that included questions about chronic diseases. Principal Findings. Compared to an algorithm that required a single medical claim in a one-year period that listed the diagnosis, either requiring that the diagnosis be listed on two separate claims or that the diagnosis to be listed on one claim for a face-to-face encounter with a health care provider significantly increased specificity for the conditions studied by 0.03 to 0.11. Specificity of algorithms was significantly improved by 0.03 to 0.17 when both a medical claim with a diagnosis and a pharmacy claim for a medication commonly used to treat the condition were required. Sensitivity improved significantly by 0.01 to 0.20 when the algorithm relied on a medical claim with a diagnosis or a pharmacy claim, and by 0.05 to 0.17 when two years rather than one year of claims data were analyzed. Algorithms that had specificity more than 0.95 were found for all six conditions. Sensitivity above 0.90 was not achieved all conditions. Conclusions. Varying claims criteria improved the performance of case-finding algorithms for six chronic conditions. Highly specific, and sometimes sensitive, algorithms for identifying members of health plans with several chronic conditions can be developed using claims data. C1 Vet Adm Med Ctr, Ctr Chron Dis Outcomes Res, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. Ctr Hlth Care Policy & Evaluat, Eden Prairie, MN USA. Blue Cross & Blue Shield Minnesota, Eagan, MN USA. USAF, MSC, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RAND Corp, Arlington, VA USA. Abramson Ctr Jewish Life, Polisher Res Inst, N Wales, PA USA. RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. RP Rector, TS (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, Ctr Chron Dis Outcomes Res, 152-2E 1 Vet Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [R01-HS/AG09630] NR 14 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1839 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00321.x PN 1 PG 22 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 893TW UT WOS:000226743200013 PM 15533190 ER PT J AU Westerfeld, D Suchalkin, S Kaspi, R Ongstad, AP Belenky, GL AF Westerfeld, D Suchalkin, S Kaspi, R Ongstad, AP Belenky, GL TI Absorption and single-pass gain measurements in optically pumped type-II midinfrared laser structures SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE gain measurement; laser measurements; optical saturation; optical variables measurement; semiconductor lasers ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; DEVICE AB A single-pass method was employed to measure the gain and absorption in optically pumped midinfrared type-II semiconductor lasers. The technique requires minimal sample processing and allows a single sample to be used for both absorption and gain measurements. The gain measurements confirm previous observations that the differential gain of these structures drops off rapidly with increasing temperature. A comparison of absorption in samples with differing waveguide designs was used to estimate the effective index step between the core and cladding. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Adv Tact Syst Branch,DELS, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Westerfeld, D (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM davidwesterfeld@ieee.org NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1657 EP 1662 DI 10.1109/TQE.2004.837345 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 872QP UT WOS:000225223700005 ER PT J AU Chang, TY Wang, X Evans, DA Roberson, SL Zheng, JP AF Chang, TY Wang, X Evans, DA Roberson, SL Zheng, JP TI Characterization of tantalum oxide-ruthenium oxide hybrid capacitors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE AC impedance; hybrid capacitors; ruthenium oxide; tantalum oxide AB The ac and dc performance and leakage current of Evans tantalum oxide-ruthenium oxide hybrid capacitors were characterized at room temperature. The RC time constants were in the range from 2 to 0.45 ms and dependent on the maximum operational voltage of the capacitor. The gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of hybrid capacitors were in the range of 0.074-0.233 J/g and 0.388-1.384 J/cm(3), respectively. The gravimetric and volumetric power densities of hybrid capacitors were in the range of 19-259 W/g and 100-1540 W/cm(3), respectively. A comparison of the performance between hybrid capacitors to conventional aluminum and tantalum electrolytic capacitors is made in this paper. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Evans Capacitor Co, Providence, RI 02914 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Chang, TY (reprint author), AU Optron Corp, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. EM zheng@eng.fsu.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0278-0046 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1313 EP 1317 DI 10.1109/TIE.2004.837900 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 872RR UT WOS:000225226600020 ER PT J AU Brautigam, DH Ray, KP Ginet, GP Madden, D AF Brautigam, DH Ray, KP Ginet, GP Madden, D TI Specification of the radiation belt slot region: Comparison of the NASA AE8 model with TSX5/CEASE data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE radiation belts; space radiation; Van Allen belts ID ANOMALY SENSOR CEASE; ORBIT; CRRES AB The NASA AE8 models are compared with 4 years of CEASE data from the TSX-5 satellite, with a focus on the radiation belt slot region. The current 4 years of the TSX5 mission is divided into solar cycle phase, with CEASE models developed for the solar maximum and declining phases. It is found that the AE8 models predict slot fluxes that are orders of magnitude less than that observed by TSX5/CEASE. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02467 USA. RP Brautigam, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Donald.Brautigam@hanscom.af.mil; Kevin.Ray2@hanscom.af.mil; Gregory.Ginet@hansconn.af.mil; Dan.Madden@hanscom.af.mil NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3375 EP 3380 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.840024 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300044 ER PT J AU Krause, LH Cooke, DL Enloe, CL Font, GI McHarg, MG Putz, V Ray, KP Toth, MJ AF Krause, LH Cooke, DL Enloe, CL Font, GI McHarg, MG Putz, V Ray, KP Toth, MJ TI Survey of DSCS-III B-7 differential surface charging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE geosynchronous orbit; satellite charging; space environmental effects; space weather AB An analysis of differential charging between dielectric surface materials and the frame of a DSCS-III geosynchronous spacecraft is presented. Charging levels measured by surface potential monitors (SPMs) covered with samples of Kapton and Astroquartz have been recorded for one half of a solar cycle. Both seasonal and solar cycle effects are seen in the daily peak levels of the SPM voltages, with local maxima occurring near the equinoxes and a general trend increasing as solar max is approached. Charge neutralization by an onboard Xe plasma contactor was demonstrated to be effective throughout the mission, with a mean voltage reduction of 86% for Astroquartz and 74% for Kapton. Though a statistical analysis shows a general correlation between the fluence of charging electrons with SPM voltages, the event-specitic correlation contains enough variance to cast doubt on the usefulness of an electron sensor as a differential charging alarm. We have found that a Kapton-covered SPM may be better suited than an electron sensor as a differential charging alarm. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Krause, LH (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Linda.Krause@usafa.af.mil NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3399 EP 3407 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.840838 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300048 ER PT J AU Sternberg, N Poggie, J AF Sternberg, N Poggie, J TI Plasma-sheath transition in the magnetized plasma-wall problem for collisionless ions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE magnetized plasma-wall problem; magnetized quasi-neutral plasma; magnetized sheath; patching; quasi-neutral plasma boundary; sheath edge ID FIELD; PRESHEATH; LAYER; SIMULATION; DISCHARGE; CRITERION AB A model for the collisionless plasma-wall problem under the action of an applied magnetic field is developed. The behavior of its solution is examined and found to be qualitatively consistent with experiment. The plasma and the sheath are then modeled separately to obtain the position of the quasi-neutral plasma boundary and the position of the edge of the electron-free sheath. It is shown that the plasma boundary can be specified as the point where the component of the ion velocity normal to the wall reaches the ion sound speed (Bohm criterion), and the sheath edge is specified as the point corresponding to Godyak's condition for the electric field. Studying the behavior near the plasma boundary and the sheath edge, the plasma solution and the solution of the space charge region are patched together to approximate the solution of the plasma-wall problem. C1 Clark Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clark Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2217 EP 2226 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.838687 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 878RE UT WOS:000225663500008 ER PT J AU Lemmer, JF Gossink, DE AF Lemmer, JF Gossink, DE TI Recursive noisy OR - A rule for estimating complex probabilistic interactions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE Bayes; causality; estimation; uncertainty ID CAUSAL CALCULUS AB This paper focuses on approaches that address the intractability of knowledge acquisition of conditional probability tables in causal or Bayesian belief networks. We state a rule that we term the "recursive noisy OR" (RNOR) which allows combinations of dependent causes to be entered and later used for estimating the probability of an effect. In the development of this paper, we investigate the axiomatic correctness and semantic meaning of this rule and show that the recursive noisy OR is a generalization of the well-known noisy OR. We introduce the concept of positive causality and demonstrate its utility in axiomatic correctness of the RNOR. We also introduce concepts describing the ways in which dependent causes can work together as being either "synergistic" or `interfering:' We provide a formalization to quantify these concepts and show that they are preserved by the RNOR. Finally, we present a method for the determination of Conditional Probability Tables from this causal theory. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Def Sci & Technol Org, Command & Control Div, Edinburgh 5111, Australia. RP Lemmer, JF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM John.Lemmer@rl.af.mil; Don.Gossink@dsto.defence.gov.au NR 18 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1083-4419 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2252 EP 2261 DI 10.1109/TSMCB.2004.834424 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 871YM UT WOS:000225172500002 PM 15619926 ER PT J AU Conger, NG O'Connell, RJ Laurel, VL Olivier, KN Graviss, EA Williams-Bouyer, N Zhang, YS Brown-Elliott, BA Wallace, RJ AF Conger, NG O'Connell, RJ Laurel, VL Olivier, KN Graviss, EA Williams-Bouyer, N Zhang, YS Brown-Elliott, BA Wallace, RJ TI Mycobacterium simiae outbreak associated with a hospital water supply SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; AVIUM COMPLEX; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; CLINICAL-FEATURES; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; AIDS; COLONIZATION; DISEASES AB OBJECTIVE: Mycobacterium simiae is found primarily in the southwestern United States, Israel, and Cuba, with tap water as its suspected reservoir. Our institution saw an increase in M. simiae isolates in 2001. An investigation into possible contaminated water sources was undertaken. DESIGN: Environmental cultures were performed from water taps in the microbiology laboratory, patient rooms, points in the flow of water to the hospital, and patients' homes. Patient and environmental M. simiae were compared by PFGE. SETTING: Military treatment facility in San Antonio, Texas. PATIENTS: All patients with cultures positive for M. simiae between January 2001 and April 2002. Medical records were reviewed. RESULTS: M. simiae was recovered from water samples from the hospital, patients' home showers, and a well supplying the hospital. A single PFGE clone was predominant among water isolates (9 of 10) and available patient isolates (14 of 19). There was an association between exposure to hospital water and pulmonary samples positive for the clonal M. simiae strain (P = .0018). Only 3 of 22 culture-positive patients met criteria for M. simiae pulmonary disease. Of them, two had indistinguishable M. simiae strains from tap water to which they were routinely exposed. CONCLUSIONS: This represents an outbreak of M. simiae colonization with one nosocomial infection. It is only the second time that M. simiae has been recovered from hospital tap water and its first presentation in municipal water. This study raises issues about the need and feasibility of eliminating or avoiding exposure to M. simiae from tap water. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Hlth, Tyler, TX USA. RP Conger, NG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, 59 MDW,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 42 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1050 EP 1055 DI 10.1086/502342 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 879NS UT WOS:000225725100008 PM 15636291 ER PT J AU Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Marciniak, MA Hengehold, RL Steiner, TD AF Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Marciniak, MA Hengehold, RL Steiner, TD TI High electrical activation efficiency obtained from Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTATION; GAN AB Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N has been studied by Hall-effect measurements to produce good n-type layers for use in both electronic and optoelectronic devices. Silicon ions were implanted at 200 keV with a dose ranging from 5x10(14) to 5x10(15) cm(-2) at room temperature, and the samples were annealed from 1100 to 1250 degreesC for 5-25 min with a 500-Angstrom-thick AlN cap. Nearly 100% electrical activation efficiency for the sample having a dose of 5x10(14) cm(-2) and 94% for a dose of 1x10(15) cm(-2) were achieved after annealing at 1250 and 1200 degreesC for 25 min, respectively. Furthermore, this excellent electrical activation was obtained with much lower anneal temperature than the generally perceived 1350 degreesC or higher anneal temperatures. This proves that a longer anneal time at lower anneal temperature (1200 degreesC) is a better alternative than a shorter anneal time at higher anneal temperature (greater than or equal to1350 degreesC). We believe that this accomplishment is very important in that the ion implantation technology can now be utilized for device fabrication of group III-nitrides much more readily. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Ryu, MY (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM yung.yeo@afit.edu NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6277 EP 6280 DI 10.1063/1.1813618 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800050 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN Sumption, MD AF Barnes, PN Sumption, MD TI Low loss striated YBa2Cu3O7-d coated conductor with filamentary current sharing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RECENT PROGRESS; BEAN MODEL; YBCO; SUPERCONDUCTORS; STABILITY; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; TAPES; SUBSTRATE; FILMS AB A simple investigation into the properties of weakly linked filaments in striated YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO) coated conductors has been performed. Such weak-link connections may arise in two different contexts within the coated conductors, the one case being the occurrence of unintentional connections. However, it may be desirable to intentionally induce the weak-link connections in order to allow a current sharing between the filaments. This allows the localized degradation of a given filament to be circumvented at a small cost in terms of the added losses and magnetization. This problem has been treated mathematically with a comparison of the superconductor weak linking in contrast to the normal-metal-induced current sharing. The estimates for target values of filament coupling are deduced, and the results in terms of magnetization are then determined. The YBCO samples created, using the pulsed laser deposition, are described that have these properties. The samples consist of one control and one striated sample. The magnetization response of these samples is then considered in terms of the expressions developed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6550 EP 6556 DI 10.1063/1.1806554 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800092 ER PT J AU Busani, T Devine, RAB AF Busani, T Devine, RAB TI Molecular volume and electronic and vibrational polarizibilities for amorphous LaAlO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FILMS; OXIDE; SCATTERING; RESONANCE; CONSTANT; EPITAXY AB Grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity measurements are used to determine the density of sputter-deposited LaAlO3 and anodized LaAl films. Together with refractive index and dielectric constant measurements, it is demonstrated that a coherent picture emerges explaining the low dielectric constant of the amorphous films (similar to13) as compared to the single-crystal value (similar to26). The importance of molecular volume dependence of the electronic and vibrational molecular polarizabilities is underlined. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. CNRS, Lab Electrostat & Mat Dielect, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Busani, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM devine@chtm.unm.edu NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6642 EP 6647 DI 10.1063/1.1808905 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800108 ER PT J AU Zhaunerchyk, V Ehlerding, A Geppert, WD Hellberg, F Thomas, RD Larsson, M Viggiano, AA Arnold, ST Osterdahl, F Hlavenka, P AF Zhaunerchyk, V Ehlerding, A Geppert, WD Hellberg, F Thomas, RD Larsson, M Viggiano, AA Arnold, ST Osterdahl, F Hlavenka, P TI Dissociative recombination study of Na+(D2O) in a storage ring SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENT; SPORADIC SODIUM LAYERS; AB-INITIO; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; BRANCHING RATIOS; WATER CLUSTERS; ELECTRON-BEAM; POSITIVE IONS; GAS-PHASE AB The dissociative recombination of Na+(D2O) ion has been studied at the heavy-ion storage ring CRYRING (Manne Siegbahn Laboratory, Stockholm University). The cross section has been measured as a function of center-of-mass energy ranging from 1 meV to 0.1 eV and found to have an E-1.37 dependence. The rate coefficient has been deduced to be (2.3+/-0.32)x10(-7)(T-e/300)(-0.95+/-0.01) cm(3) s(-1) for T-e=50-1000 K. The branching ratios have been measured at 0 eV. Of the four energetically accessible dissociation channels, three channels are found to occur although the channel that breaks the weak Na+-D2O bond is by far dominant. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Dept Elect & Vacuum Phys, Prague 8, Czech Republic. RP Zhaunerchyk, V (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Zhaunerchyk, Vitali/E-9751-2016 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 21 BP 10483 EP 10488 DI 10.1063/1.1812532 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 871LX UT WOS:000225136300022 PM 15549929 ER PT J AU Bhat, RB Tamirisakandala, S Miracle, DB AF Bhat, RB Tamirisakandala, S Miracle, DB TI Beta phase superplasticity in titanium alloys by boron modification SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AeroMat 2004 Conference CY JUN 07-09, 2004 CL Seattle, WA DE beta phase; grain pinning; superplasticity; TiB; titanium ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSFORMATION SUPERPLASTICITY; TI-6AL-4V/TIB COMPOSITES; POWDER-METALLURGY; MATRIX COMPOSITES AB Addition of boron to titanium alloys produces fine TiB whiskers in situ with excellent thermal stability and good chemical compatibility with the matrix. These whiskers stabilize a fine-grain microstructure by restricting grain growth at high temperatures in the beta phase field. The hot deformation behavior in the beta phase field (temperature range 1050-1200 degreesC) of Ti-6Al-4V alloys modified with two different levels of B additions (1.6 and 2.9 wt.%) produced by powder metallurgy was investigated using hot compression tests in the strain rate range of 10(-3) to 10(-1) s(-1) and hot tensile tests at a nominal strain rate of 6 X 10(-4) s(-1). The beta phase exhibits superplasticity, which occurs due to stabilization of a fine-grain microstructure by the TiB. Matrix grain boundary sliding and beta/TiB interface sliding appear to contribute to the beta superplasticity. The ability to achieve superplasticity at higher temperatures enable lower flow stresses, improved chemical homogeneity, and high strain rate capability due to enhanced accommodation processes. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bhat, RB (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM radha.bhat@fnnet.wpafbml.org NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 653 EP 659 DI 10.1361/10599490421547 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 882DZ UT WOS:000225920200002 ER PT J AU Lee, H Sathish, S Mall, S AF Lee, H Sathish, S Mall, S TI Evolution of residual stress under fretting fatigue SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHOT-PEENED TI-6AL-4V; RELAXATION; TEMPERATURES; BEHAVIOR C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 23 BP 7089 EP 7092 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000047556.93322.4b PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 894SL UT WOS:000226811800029 ER PT J AU Neslen, CL Mall, S Sathish, S AF Neslen, CL Mall, S Sathish, S TI Nondestructive characterization of fretting fatigue damage SO JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; white light interference microscopy; surface topography; Sonic infrared ID CRACK INITIATION; TI-6AL-4V; BEHAVIOR AB Fretting fatigue has been the cause of many premature failures in aerospace components. There is a growing need of nondestructive evaluation techniques to characterize damage and detect cracks due to fretting fatigue. This paper presents a methodology to characterize the fretting fatigue damage by analyzing the surface topography and to detect cracks under fretting fatigued surface by imaging heat generation due to high amplitude acoustic excitation. The White Light Interference Microscopy (WLIM) was used to obtain three-dimensional surface profilometry data of fretted and non-fretted regions of titanium alloy (Ti-6A1-4V) specimens subjected to different number of fretting fatigue cycles. Surface topography measurements were analyzed in terms of the Power Spectral Density (PSD) and Fretting Fatigue Damage Parameter (FFDP). The FFDP showed an increasing trend in magnitude with increasing numbers of fretting fatigue cycles, when the fretting fatigue damage occurred through stick-slip condition. When the fretting fatigue damage occurred due to gross sliding, the FFDP did not show enough change. Thus, it appears that FFDP may be used as an indicator of the degradation of fretted surface under stick-slip condition. Cracks in presence of fretting fatigue damage were imaged using Sonic infrared technique. This technique appears to have a capability to detect cracks with a resolution of at least 200 mum. The benefits and limitations of thes two NDE techniques for fretting fatigue damage evaluation and crack detection are discussed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9298 J9 J NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI J. Nondestruct. Eval. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1007/s10921-004-0821-5 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 892CA UT WOS:000226626100003 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Smith, B Corbeil, TE Ryan, MAK Riddle, JR AF Smith, TC Smith, B Corbeil, TE Ryan, MAK Riddle, JR TI Impact of terrorism on caffeine and tobacco use - Response SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID MILITARY PERSONNEL C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1194 EP + DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000147206.19647.a8 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 881LR UT WOS:000225869500004 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, MT Pitney, AC Harford, DJ Barker, JA AF Shoemaker, MT Pitney, AC Harford, DJ Barker, JA TI Acute splenic rupture in an adult with homozygous sickle cell anemia treated with chronic transfusions SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE splenic sequestration; sickle cell disease; chronic transfusions ID DISEASE; SEQUESTRATION; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT; CHILDREN; STROKE AB Splenic rupture is a very rare event in adult homozygous sickle cell patients. The authors describe a 19-year-old patient with homozygous sickle cell disease who experienced all acute splenic rupture crisis requiring emergent splenectomy. He had been receiving chronic blood transfusions regularly for 7 years secondary to a previous stroke. It is possible that these transfusions contributed to regeneration of splenic red Pulp, which allowed a crisis to Occur at ail advanced age. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Hematol Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Pitney, AC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Hematol Oncol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM aaron.pitney@lackland.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-4114 J9 J PEDIAT HEMATOL ONC JI J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 26 IS 12 BP 849 EP 851 PG 3 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 882FU UT WOS:000225925300018 PM 15591912 ER PT J AU Borstad, GC Bryant, LR Abel, MP Scroggie, DA Harris, MD Alloway, JA AF Borstad, GC Bryant, LR Abel, MP Scroggie, DA Harris, MD Alloway, JA TI Colchicine for prophylaxis of acute flares when initiating allopurinol for chronic gouty arthritis SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colchicine; allopurinol; gout ID URATE-LOWERING DRUGS; CURRENT PRESCRIBING PRACTICES; INTERVAL GOUT; THERAPY; HYPERURICEMIA; MANAGEMENT AB Objective. The use of colchicine to prevent acute gout flares during initiation of allopurinol therapy is widely practiced despite lack of proven benefit. We investigated if colchicine administration during initiation of allopurinol for chronic gouty arthritis reduces the frequency and/or severity of acute gout flares. Methods. Patients starting allopurinol for crystal-proven chronic gouty arthritis were randomized to receive colchicine 0.6 mg po bid or placebo in a randomized, prospective, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Subjects were followed for evidence of acute gout flares and remained on study drug for 3 months beyond attaining a serum urate concentration < 6.5 mg/dl. Treatment arms were analyzed regarding frequency of flares, likelihood of any flare or multiple flares, severity of flares on the visual analog scale (VAS), and length of flares in. days. Results. Forty-three subjects were studied. Subjects treated with colchicine experienced fewer total flares (0.52 vs 2.91, p = 0.008), fewer flares from 0 to 3 months (0.57 vs 1.91, p = 0.022), fewer flares 3-6 months (0 vs 1.05, p = 0.033), less severe flares as reported on VAS (3.64 vs 5.08, p 0.018), and fewer recurrent gout flares (p = 0.001). Colchicine was well tolerated. Conclusion. Colchicine prophylaxis during initiation of allopurinol for chronic gouty arthritis reduces the frequency and severity of acute flares, and reduces the likelihood of recurrent flares. Treating patients with colchicine during initiation of allopurinol therapy for 6 months is supported by our data. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Borstad, GC (reprint author), USAF, 60MDOS-SGOMJ,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 26 TC 147 Z9 158 U1 37 U2 63 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2429 EP 2432 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 877NR UT WOS:000225577800021 PM 15570646 ER PT J AU Neiberg, M AF Neiberg, M TI The cross and the trenches: Religious faith and doubt among British and American great war soldiers. SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Neiberg, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV PRESS PI PITTSBURGH PA CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV J SOCIAL HIST, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA SN 0022-4529 J9 J SOC HIST JI J. Soc. Hist. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 2 BP 520 EP 522 DI 10.1353/jsh.2004.0133 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 884IR UT WOS:000226078700013 ER PT J AU Crawford, KM Kobayashi, MT AF Crawford, KM Kobayashi, MT TI Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome or multiple hereditary infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma syndrome? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRICHOEPITHELIOMA AB We present a case of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, also known as Gorlin syndrome, or basal cell nevus syndrome, which clinically follows a course more consistent with multiple hereditary infundibulocystic basal cell carcinomas or multiple hereditary trichoepitheliomas. The following article describes the case in detail and gives an overview of other genodermatosis, which were initially considered in the differential and which may be linked pathogenetically. C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Eglin Hosp, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Crawford, KM (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 989 EP 995 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.07.017 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 879UV UT WOS:000225745300024 PM 15583598 ER PT J AU Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Moore, EA Hengehold, RL AF Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Moore, EA Hengehold, RL TI Electrical activation studies of Si-implanted Al(x)G(1-x)N as a function of ion dose, anneal temperature and anneal time SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Seoul International Symposium on the Physics of Semiconductors and Applications CY MAR 14-16, 2004 CL Gyungju, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Sci & Eng Fdn, Korean Federat Sci & Technol Soc, USAF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp R&D, USA Asian Res Off DE AlN cap; optimum anneal temperature; annealing ID GAN AB Electrical activation studies of Si-implanted Al(x)G(1-x)N grown on sapphire substrate have been made as a function of ion dose, anneal temperature, and anneal time. The samples were annealed from 1200 to 1350 degreesC with a 500 Angstrom thick AIN cap in a nitrogen environment. The optimum anneal temperature for Al0.25Ga0.75N samples implanted with a dose of 1 x 10(15) cm(-2) is around 1350 degreesC, exhibiting nearly 87 % electrical activation efficiency. Both the electrical activation efficiency and Hall mobility of Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N annealed at 1200 degreesC from 5 to 25 min increase continuously with anneal time, but at a much slower rate as anneal time increases. The activation efficiencies of 94 and 89 % were obtained for doses of 1 x 10(15) and 5 x 10(14) cm(-2), respectively, after annealing at 1200 degreesC for 25 min, which are the highest activation efficiency reported for a given dose, to the best of our knowledge. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Ryu, MY (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Mee.Ryu@afit.edu NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 45 SU S BP S522 EP S525 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 884XG UT WOS:000226119400009 ER PT J AU Cohen, K Siegel, S Wetlesen, D Cameron, J Sick, A AF Cohen, K Siegel, S Wetlesen, D Cameron, J Sick, A TI Effective sensor placements for the estimation of proper orthogonal decomposition mode coefficients in von Karman vortex street SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL LA English DT Article DE flow control; sensor placement and number; proper orthogonal decomposition; linear stochastic estimation ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; CYLINDER WAKE; DYNAMICS; FLOWS AB For feedback control using low-dimensional proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) models, the mode amplitudes of the POD mode coefficients need to be estimated based on sensor readings. This paper is aimed at suppressing the von Klrman vortex street in the wake of a circular cylinder using a low-dimensional approach based on POD. We compare sensor placement methods based on the spatial distribution of the POD modes to arbitrary ad hoc methods. Flow field data were obtained from Navier-Stokes simulation as well as particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. A low-dimensional POD was applied to the snapshot ensembles from the experiment and simulation. Linear stochastic estimation was used to map the sensor readings of the velocity field on the POD mode coefficients. We studied 53 sensor placement configurations, 32 of which were based on POD eigenfunctions and the others using ad hoc methods. The effectiveness of the sensor configurations was investigated at Re = 100 for the computational fluid dynamic data, and for a Reynolds number range of 82-99 for the water tunnel PIV data. Results show that a five-sensor configuration can keep the root mean square estimation error, for the amplitudes of the first two modes to within 4% for simulation data and within 10% for the PIV data. This level of error is acceptable for a moderately robust controller. The POD-based design was found to be simpler, more effective, and robust compared to the ad hoc methods examined. C1 USAF Acad, HQ, DFAN, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cohen, K (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ, DFAN, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H27, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM YonaKellyl@aol.com OI Cohen, Kelly/0000-0002-8655-1465 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1077-5463 J9 J VIB CONTROL JI J. Vib. Control PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1857 EP 1880 DI 10.1177/1077546304046035 PG 24 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 881LA UT WOS:000225867800007 ER PT J AU Buynak, CF Golis, M AF Buynak, CF Golis, M TI Reducing the burden of NDT SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Adv Qual Concepts, Columbus, OH 43214 USA. RP Buynak, CF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, 2230 10th St,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM charles.buynak@wpafb.af.mil; mattgolis@columbus.rr.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 62 IS 12 BP 1190 EP 1194 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 879FV UT WOS:000225702700002 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Kobryn, PA Ivasishin, OM Zhuk, H Wu, WT Lee, CS AF Semiatin, SL Kobryn, PA Ivasishin, OM Zhuk, H Wu, WT Lee, CS TI The role of modeling in the development of advanced processes for metallic aerospace alloys SO METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE models; aerospace alloys; advanced processes; melting; heat treatment; machining ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; BETA-GRAIN-GROWTH; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; ALUMINUM EVAPORATION; CHIP FORMATION; TI-6AL-4V; WORKABILITY AB The application of various modeling techniques in the design and control of a number of emerging processes for aerospace alloys is summarized. These techniques include those that are based on melting and solidification (electron-beam cold-hearth melting, laser deposition), deformation (severe-plastic deformation), rapid heat treatment (dual-microstructure processing), and metal removal (distortion-free machining, high-speed machining). The models that have been developed and applied to these processes include those that are largely phenomenological (e.g., continuum FEM codes) or mechanism based. The key elements of models for various processes, important analytical/numerical results, and how these results are or can be used for manufacturing design are summarized. Challenges for the further development and application of the models for industrial processes are also described. These include refinement of the physics-based understanding of the processes and measurement of various material properties that are needed to apply the models in a real-world manufacturing environment. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. GV Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. EO Paton Welding Inst, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. Sci Forming Technol Corp, Columbus, OH 43220 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS PI SEOUL PA KIM BLDG 6TH FLOOR, SEOCHO-DAERO 56 GIL 38, SEOCHO-GU, SEOUL 137-881, SOUTH KOREA SN 1598-9623 EI 2005-4149 J9 MET MATER INT JI Met. Mater.-Int. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 589 EP 603 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 880NX UT WOS:000225797600014 ER PT J AU Reilly, CD Waller, SG Flynn, WJ Montalvo, MA Ward, JB AF Reilly, CD Waller, SG Flynn, WJ Montalvo, MA Ward, JB TI US Air Force Mobile Ophthalmic Surgery Team SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EYE INJURIES AB Objective: The objective of this study was to report the evolution of the U.S. Air Force Mobile Ophthalmic Surgical Team (MOST). Methods: U.S. Air Force ophthalmologists at Wilford Hall Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas, designed a small, portable, rapid-response eye surgical team. Field testing with humanitarian deployments refined the deployment package and provided operational training. Results: MOST successfully deployed to Central and South America, the Caribbean, and Africa 42 times since 1991, with 50,287 patients examined/treated and 4,812 surgeries performed. Realistic readiness training was provided for 80% of U.S. Air Force ophthalmologists and Army, Navy, and Reserve colleagues. Subsequent modifications to the MOST improved its capability while reducing the size and weight of the team, equipment, and supplies by 50%. Conclusions: Using MOST humanitarian missions as a refining model, U.S. Air Force deployable ophthalmic assets are modular, lightweight, and multifunctional, which allows commanders to custom-build an appropriate response to each unique contingency, disaster, or humanitarian need with mission-ready ophthalmologists. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Off Air Force Surg Gen, Bolling AFB, MD USA. US So Command, Miami, FL USA. RP Reilly, CD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 169 IS 12 BP 952 EP 957 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JE UT WOS:000235830600004 PM 15646184 ER PT J AU LeVan, PD Jepson, DM AF LeVan, PD Jepson, DM TI 3.5- to 12-mu m dual-band spectrometer SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE spectral imaging; imaging spectrometer; infrared; focal plane array; dual band; electro-optics AB A new approach is described for obtaining spectral imagery over a broad range of infrared wavelengths, with high efficiency, and with a single grating element and focal plane array. The approach represents a simplification and mass reduction over the traditional approach involving multiple focal plane arrays, dispersing elements, and optical beam-splitters. The new approach has significant advantages for space-based hyperspectral imagers operating in the infrared over a broad range of, wavelengths (e.g., MWIR and LWIR), where the reduction in cryocooled mass relative to the multichannel approach translates into noteworthy savings in cryocooling requirements and launch costs. Overlapping grating orders are focused onto a multiwaveband focal plane array to create spectral images of a scene simultaneously in multiple wavelength regions. The blaze of the grating is chosen so that all spectral orders are dispersed with high grating efficiency. Such an approach extends the spectral range of dispersive spectrometers to several octaves of wavelength, while preserving the compact packaging and cryogenic requirements of conventional (one octave) instruments. We conclude with a description of a ground-based demonstration of an MWIR and LWIR embodiment of the concept. (C) 2004 society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP LeVan, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM paul.levan@kirtland.af.mil NR 6 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 43 IS 12 BP 3045 EP 3054 DI 10.1117/1.1810144 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 884GA UT WOS:000226071600032 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D Heggemeier, J LaCour, M Golby, K Ruebush, M AF Shiffler, D Heggemeier, J LaCour, M Golby, K Ruebush, M TI Response to "Comment on 'Low level plasma formation in a carbon velvet cesium iodide coated cathode' " [Phys. Plasmas 11, 5730 (2004)] SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Editorial Material ID FIELD-EMISSION CATHODES; FIBER CATHODES; PERFORMANCE; UNIFORMITY C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL DEHP, SE Kirkland AFB, NM 87107 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL DEHP, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, SE Kirkland AFB, NM 87107 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2004 VL 11 IS 12 BP 5732 EP 5733 DI 10.1063/1.1811618 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 875VM UT WOS:000225450200048 ER PT J AU Tong, W Hurley, S Hayashi, PH AF Tong, W Hurley, S Hayashi, PH TI Reconsidering hepatorenal syndrome - Throw in the towel? Not so fast! SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TERLIPRESSIN; OCTREOTIDE; CIRRHOSIS; ALBUMIN; THERAPY; ASCITES; SHUNT AB For many years, hepatorenal syndrome was considered a uniformly and rapidly fatal complication of end-stage liver disease. Although the syndrome still carries a poor long-term prognosis, increased understanding of its hemodynamic derangements has led to new pharmacologic treatments that significantly improve short-term outcomes. In this article, Drs Tong, Hurley, and Hayashi discuss a case of remarkable reversal of hepatorenal syndrome with use of oral midodrine hydrochloride, subcutaneous octreotide acetate, and intravenous albumin. The authors highlight the great progress that has been made in this field and review new therapeutic options that are on the market or under study. It is important for physicians who are caring for patients with hepatorenal syndrome to know about and consider the available treatments before an approach of "supportive care only" is taken. C1 St Louis Univ Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Hepatol Sect, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. USAF, Med Corps, Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan. USAF, Med Corps, Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Hayashi, PH (reprint author), St Louis Univ Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Hepatol Sect, 3635 Vista Ave & Grand Blvd,FDT 9th Floor, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM hayaship@slu.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 116 IS 6 BP 15 EP + PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 879NB UT WOS:000225723400002 PM 15620124 ER PT J AU Bae, HR Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA AF Bae, HR Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA TI An approximation approach for uncertainty quantification using evidence theory SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article DE epistentic uncertainty; engineering structural system; Dempster-Shafer theory; belief; plausibility; multi point approximation ID OPTIMIZATION; VARIABILITY; ASSESSMENTS AB Over the last two decades, uncertainty quantification (UQ) in engineering systems has been performed by the popular framework of probability theory. However, many scientific and engineering communities realize that there are limitations in using only one framework for quantifying the uncertainty experienced in engineering applications. Recently evidence theory, also called Dempster-Shafer theory, was proposed to handle limited and imprecise data situations as an alternative to the classical probability theory. Adaptation of this theory for large-scale engineering structures is a challenge due to implicit nature of simulations and excessive computational costs. In this work, an approximation approach is developed to improve the practical utility of evidence theory in UQ analysis. The techniques are demonstrated on composite material structures and airframe wing aeroelastic design problem. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grandhi, RV (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM rgrandhi@cs.wright.edu NR 21 TC 81 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 86 IS 3 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2004.01.011 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 864QP UT WOS:000224648300004 ER PT J AU Sheehan, W Kollerstrom, N Waff, CB AF Sheehan, W Kollerstrom, N Waff, CB TI The case of the pilfered planet - Did the British steal Neptune? SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 291 IS 6 BP 92 EP 99 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 873PF UT WOS:000225292200028 PM 15597985 ER PT J AU Zherebtsov, SV Salishchev, GA Galeyev, RM Valiakhmetov, OR Mironov, SY Semiatin, SL AF Zherebtsov, SV Salishchev, GA Galeyev, RM Valiakhmetov, OR Mironov, SY Semiatin, SL TI Production of submicrocrystalline structure in large-scale Ti-6Al-4V billet by warm severe deformation processing SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE submicrocrystalline structure; titanium alloy; severe plastic deformation ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB The "abc" deformation method for production of large-scale billets with submicrocrystalline structure was developed. A large billet of Ti-6Al-4V alloy (150-mm diameter x 200-mm length) with a homogeneous submicrocrystalline structure was produced. The refined structure with a grain/subgrain size of about 0.4 mum leads to a substantial mechanical properties improvement. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Met Superplast Problems, Mat Sci Lab, Ufa 450001, Russia. MLLM, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zherebtsov, SV (reprint author), Inst Met Superplast Problems, Mat Sci Lab, Khalturin Str 39, Ufa 450001, Russia. EM sergeyzh@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp RI Zherebtsov, Sergey/G-7435-2011; Salishchev, Gennady/G-4767-2016; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Zherebtsov, Sergey/0000-0002-1663-429X; Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525; NR 12 TC 96 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 12 BP 1147 EP 1151 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.08.018 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 860IC UT WOS:000224334700005 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Training the trunk SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Experience has taught us that training the trunk is as important, if not more important, than training the other major muscle groups when the goal is improved athletic performance. With this in mind we asked our panel of coaches how they approach trunk training with their athletes. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ARHedrick@Adelphia.net NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 26 IS 6 BP 70 EP 71 DI 10.1519/00126548-200412000-00016 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 879CP UT WOS:000225694300015 ER PT J AU Amemiya, N Kasai, S Yoda, K Jiang, ZN Levin, GA Barnes, PN Oberly, CE AF Amemiya, N Kasai, S Yoda, K Jiang, ZN Levin, GA Barnes, PN Oberly, CE TI AC loss reduction of YBCO coated conductors by multifilamentary structure SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE MAGNETIC-FIELD; CRITICAL-STATE; STRIP; TAPES; ORIENTATIONS; LAYER; WIDTH AB The large cross-sectional aspect ratio of YBCO coated conductors leads to a large magnetization loss in an AC transverse magnetic field. In this work, the magnetization loss of a multifilamentary YBCO coated conductor was studied experimentally. A 100 Trim length of striated multifilamentary YBCO coated conductor was prepared where the conductor and filaments were 10 mm wide and 0.4 mm wide, respectively. Striations in the sample were accomplished by laser ablation. The magnetization loss of this striated conductor as well as a reference non-striated conductor was measured in AC transverse magnetic fields normal to the conductor at various frequencies. The measured magnetization loss of the 100 mm striated conductor was less than 9% of the measured loss of the non-striated conductor at f = 11.3 Hz and H/H-cc = 8.8 (H-cc = I-c/piw(c); I-c: critical current, w(c): conductor width). Even though the coupling loss component increases the magnetization loss in the striated conductor, the AC loss reduction by striation is still apparent even at 171.0 Hz. The transverse resistance between filaments estimated by a four-probe measurement was 38 muOmega for 1 m at 80 K. The coupling length estimated using this transverse resistance is much longer than the sample length even at 171.0 Hz, suggesting that the filaments in the striated conductor are far from 'completely coupled' or 'saturated'. C1 Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Amemiya, N (reprint author), Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. EM ame@rain.dnj.ynu.ac.jp RI Jiang, Zhenan/A-5158-2016; Amemiya, Naoyuki/G-2549-2012 OI Jiang, Zhenan/0000-0002-3482-3510; Amemiya, Naoyuki/0000-0002-3000-864X NR 22 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1464 EP 1471 AR PII S0953-2048(04)83937-X DI 10.1088/0953-2048/17/12/018 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 884HC UT WOS:000226074400019 ER PT J AU Carpenter, S Rowatt, T Brooks, L Magid, V Stage, R Wydro, P Cramer, S Adolphus, C Walker, M Wolfe, C Singleton, R Sigall, H Grahe, J Brown, RP Swim, J Pearson, NB Wetzel, C Pezzo, M Gosling, S MacLin, K Reifman, A Awbrey, B Wright, C Jerzak, P Samuels, SM Lemmond, G Leary, M Sera, C AF Carpenter, S Rowatt, T Brooks, L Magid, V Stage, R Wydro, P Cramer, S Adolphus, C Walker, M Wolfe, C Singleton, R Sigall, H Grahe, J Brown, RP Swim, J Pearson, NB Wetzel, C Pezzo, M Gosling, S MacLin, K Reifman, A Awbrey, B Wright, C Jerzak, P Samuels, SM Lemmond, G Leary, M Sera, C CA Sch Spirit Study Grp TI Measuring school spirit: A national teaching exercise SO TEACHING OF PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELF AB We developed a novel variation on classroom data collection by having students conduct a national research project. Students at 20 different colleges and universities measured "school spirit" at their institutions according to several operational criteria (school apparel wearing, car stickers, alumni donation rate, ratings by a major sports publication, and questionnaire measures). Instructors then combined this information into one large dataset, allowing students to analyze and compare trends measured at their school with those measured at other schools. We discuss the process of organizing a national study (recruitment of faculty participants, dissemination of instruments, compilation of data), aspects of the project that instructors thought were most educationally valuable, and substantive results of the study (how well the different measures of school spirit correlated). C1 Texas Tech Univ, Coll Human Sci, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Reifman, A (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Coll Human Sci, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM alan.reifman@ttu.edu OI Gosling, Samuel/0000-0001-8970-591X NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0098-6283 J9 TEACH PSYCHOL JI Teach. Psychol. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 1 BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology GA 770CF UT WOS:000188705100004 ER PT J AU Carr, PH AF Carr, PH TI Does God play dice? Insights from the fractal geometry of nature SO ZYGON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neuroscience, Religious Experience and the Self CY MAY 30-JUN 05, 2001 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP CTNS DE chaos and complexity; contemporary theologians; evolution; fractal geometry; fractals; genetic algorithms; loaded dice; polarity; randomness and law; science and religion AB Albert Einstein and Huston Smith reflect the old metaphor that chaos and randomness are bad. Scientists recently have discovered that many phenomena, from the fluctuations of the stock market to variations in our weather, have the same underlying order. Natural beauty from plants to snowflakes is described by fractal geometry; tree branching from trunks to twigs has the same fractal scaling as our lungs, from trachea to bronchi. Algorithms for drawing fractals have both randomness and global determinism. Fractal statistics is like picking a card from a stacked deck rather than from one that is shuffled to be truly random. The polarity of randomness (or freedom) and law characterizes the self-creating natural world. Polarity is in consonance with Taoism and contemporary theologians such as Paul Tillich, Alfred North Whitehead, Gordon Kaufman, Philip Hefner, and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. Joseph Ford's new metaphor is replacing the old: "God plays dice with the universe, but they're loaded dice." C1 USAF, Component Technol Branch, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Carr, PH (reprint author), USAF, Component Technol Branch, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM paul.carr2@comcast.net NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0591-2385 J9 ZYGON JI Zygon PD DEC PY 2004 VL 39 IS 4 BP 933 EP 940 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9744.2004.00629.x PG 8 WC Social Issues; Religion SC Social Issues; Religion GA 874TC UT WOS:000225371700015 ER PT J AU Macula, AJ Popyack, LJ AF Macula, AJ Popyack, LJ TI A group testing method for finding patterns in data SO DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE data mining; group testing; complexes; monotone properties; maximal frequent sets ID ALGORITHMS; FAMILIES; CODES AB The screening of data sets is essential to modem technology. The use of classical group testing to isolate objects that are individually positive has become the standard experimental procedure in many applied settings. Work is just beginning in applying group testing techniques to the identification of subsets of objects that are collectively positive. This paper addresses the development of probabilistic group testing methods that lead to the identification of positive combinations of objects with specific applications to data mining. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Math, Coll Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Macula, AJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Geneseo, Dept Math, Coll Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. EM macula@geneseo.edu; leonard.popyack@rl.af.mil NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-218X J9 DISCRETE APPL MATH JI Discret Appl. Math. PD NOV 30 PY 2004 VL 144 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.dam.2003.07.009 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 863XD UT WOS:000224595900013 ER PT J AU Look, DC Renlund, GM Burgener, RH Sizelove, JR AF Look, DC Renlund, GM Burgener, RH Sizelove, JR TI As-doped p-type ZnO produced by an evaporation/sputtering process SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; ZINC-OXIDE; CONDUCTION; GROWTH; SPECTROSCOPY; DEVICES; AMMONIA; EXCITON AB Strongly p-type ZnO is produced by the following sequence of steps: (1) evaporation of Zn3As2 on a fused-quartz substrate at 350degreesC; and (2) sputtering of ZnO with substrate held at 450degreesC. The electrical characteristics include: resistivity of 0.4 Omega cm, a mobility of 4 cm(2)/V s, and a hole concentration of about 4x10(18) cm(-3). This resistivity is among the best (lowest) ever reported for p-type ZnO. Secondary-ion mass spectroscopic analysis gives an average As concentration about 5x10(19) cm(-3), and a simple one-band fit of the temperature-dependent mobility curve yields an acceptor concentration of about 9x10(19) cm(-3). This is strong evidence that the p-type dopant involves As, although it is not clear whether the acceptor is simply As-O or the recently suggested As-Zn-2V(Zn). (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ON Int Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84107 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.look@wpafb.af.mil NR 33 TC 247 Z9 255 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 29 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 22 BP 5269 EP 5271 DI 10.1063/1.1825615 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876GC UT WOS:000225483700047 ER PT J AU She, CY Li, T Williams, BP Yuan, T Picard, RH AF She, CY Li, T Williams, BP Yuan, T Picard, RH TI Concurrent OH imager and sodium temperature/wind lidar observation of a mesopause region undular bore event over Fort Collins/Platteville, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE airglow; mesospheric bore; sodium lidar ID MESOSPHERIC BORES; ALOHA-93 CAMPAIGN AB We reported the observation of a mesospheric front with the properties of an undular bore by an OH imager, over the Fort Collins/Platteville area on 6/7 October 2002. Unlike the earlier bore observations, a Na lidar capable of measuring mesopause region temperature, zonal, and meridional winds was in operation concurrently. The lidar data confirm, for the first time, the existence of a collocated temperature inversion layer to serve as the ducting region for bore propagation, as required by the simple theory proposed by Dewan and Picard 6 years ago. In addition, the lidar data in principle provide sufficient information for the determination of all parameters of the bore as suggested by the simple theory. The parameters so determined are compared to two bores previously studied. Like the earlier cases, the horizontal wavelength estimated from the theory is in good agreement with the observation. The lifetime of this undular bore, similar to120 min, was considerably shorter than the other two. Continued lidar observation after the bore event reveals that the ducting region may be controlled by a long-period wave, most likely related to a semidiurnal tide, and that atmospheric dynamic instability occurs simultaneously with the destruction of the wave train associated with the bore. It is possible that this constitutes, for the first time, the observation of the transition from an undular to a turbulent, or foaming, internal bore predicted by the theory. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP She, CY (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM joeshe@lamar.colostate.edu RI Li, Tao/J-8950-2014 OI Li, Tao/0000-0002-5100-4429 NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 27 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D22 AR D22107 DI 10.1029/2004JD004742 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 875OO UT WOS:000225430300003 ER PT J AU Tang, F Meeks, H Spowart, JE Gnaeupel-Herold, T Prask, H Anderson, IE AF Tang, F Meeks, H Spowart, JE Gnaeupel-Herold, T Prask, H Anderson, IE TI Consolidation effects on tensile properties of an elemental Al matrix composite SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE metal matrix composites; powder metallurgy; residual stress; strengthening mechanism ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; REINFORCEMENT; DUCTILITY; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE; DEFORMATION; INTERFACES; STRESS AB In a simplified composite design, an unalloyed Al matrix was reinforced by spherical Al-Cu-Fe alloy particles (30 vol.%), using either commercial purity (99.7%) or high purity (99.99%) fine powders (diameter < 10 mum). This composite material was consolidated by either vacuumhot pressing (VHP) or quasi-isostatic forging. The spatial distribution of reinforcement particles in both VHP and forged samples was shown to be almost the same by quantitative characterization with a multi-scale area fraction analysis technique. The tensile properties of all composite samples were tested and the forged materials showed significantly higher strength, while the elastic modulus values of all composite materials were close to the upper bound of theoretical predictions. Neutron diffraction measurements showed that there were high compressive residual stresses in the Al matrix of the forged samples and relatively low Al matrix residual stresses (predominantly compressive) in the VHP samples. By tensile tests and neutron diffraction measurements of the forged samples after annealing, it was shown that the high compressive residual stresses in the Al matrix were relieved and that tensile strength was also reduced to almost the same level as that of the VHP samples. Therefore, it was deduced that increased compressive residual stresses and enhanced dislocation densities in the forged composites raised the tensile strength to higher values than those of the VHP composites. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ceracon Inc, Carmichael, CA 95628 USA. UES Inc, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tang, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Bldg 4515,MS 6064, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tangf@ornl.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 386 IS 1-2 BP 194 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.07.040 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 871JP UT WOS:000225127800024 ER PT J AU Putthanarat, S Eby, RK Naik, RR Juhl, SB Walker, MA Peterman, E Ristich, S Magoshi, J Tanaka, T Stone, MO Farmer, BL Brewer, C Ott, D AF Putthanarat, S Eby, RK Naik, RR Juhl, SB Walker, MA Peterman, E Ristich, S Magoshi, J Tanaka, T Stone, MO Farmer, BL Brewer, C Ott, D TI Nonlinear optical transmission of silk/green fluorescent protein (GFP) films SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE silk films; GFP; nonlinear transmission ID TUSSAH SILK FIBROIN; TEMPERATURE; MICROSCOPY; EXCITATION; SATURATION AB In this initial work, we demonstrate a technique for preparing thin (10-20 mum) films of silk doped with green fluorescent protein (GFP) by casting/annealing at 20 degreesC and describe the resulting film characteristics. Notably, the GFP molecules maintain their nonlinear optical properties as evidenced by two-photon fluorescence microscopy and two-photon absorption measurements using near-infrared femtosecond pulses. The fractional transmission of focused near-infrared pulses of 775 nm wavelength, 140 fs pulsewidth was observed to decrease as the incident pulse energy is increased and/or the incident spot size is decreased, indicating that nonlinear absorption is taking place. Visible damage from the pulses is observed in a similar to10 mum film at the highest peak incident fluences, which were in the range of 0.1-0.2 J/cm(2). Variations in thickness, morphology and GFP concentration of the films make precise specification of the two-photon absorption coefficient difficult. Since these films have potential applications in photonics, we suggest techniques for improving these properties in future generations of films. The suggestions present opportunities for future work. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. AT&T Govt Solut, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. RIKEN, Polymer Chem Lab, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Eby, RK (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, 170 Univ Ave, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM reby@uakron.edu NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 25 BP 8451 EP 8457 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.014 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 876OX UT WOS:000225507800018 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Grant, JT Tullis, S Eyink, K Fleitz, P Bunning, TJ AF Jiang, H Grant, JT Tullis, S Eyink, K Fleitz, P Bunning, TJ TI The growth and chemical structure of thin photonic films formed from plasma copolymerization: I. Effect of monomer feed ratio SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE plasma copolymerization; FTIR; XPS ID AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED CARBON; FLOWING AFTERGLOW SYNTHESIS; COUPLED RF PLASMAS; GLOW-DISCHARGE; POLYMERIZED HYDROCARBONS; FLUORINATED MONOMERS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ACRYLIC-ACID; DEPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Fabrication methodologies of thin, optical quality polymer films are important given the current interest in photonics. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) has been previously investigated as a useful technique to polymerize various organic precursors. In the work presented here, we have studied the simultaneous plasma copolymerization of two monomers, benzene and octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB), and explored the structure of the final films using FTIR and XPS in order to tailor the resulting optical properties. There is a complex relationship between the film structures and the input parameters including monomer feed ratio and feed location. In plasma copolymerization, the gas phase initiation of the monomers is strongly dependent upon the bond dissociation energy of their structural moieties. The change of the monomer feed ratio leads to different trends with respect to various CFn(n = 1-3) structural units, resulting in differences in the final film structure. Defluorination of the copolymer films was significantly enhanced by the addition of a small amount of benzene. The main fluorine-containing structural unit was the CF moiety for the copolymerized film, which is different from both homopolymerized OFCB and conventional PTFE polymers where the main fluorine-containing structural unit is CF2. Retention of conjugation and aromaticity in the resultant films was also observed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil NR 74 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 25 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 25 BP 8475 EP 8483 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.071 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 876OX UT WOS:000225507800021 ER PT J AU Bigelow, MS Lepeshkin, NN Boyd, RW AF Bigelow, MS Lepeshkin, NN Boyd, RW TI Ultra-slow and superluminal light propagation in solids at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; PULSE-PROPAGATION; ANOMALOUS-DISPERSION; ABSORBING MEDIUM; ABSORPTION-LINE; OPTICAL PULSES; GROUP-VELOCITY; ATOMIC MEDIUM; ALEXANDRITE; DRIVEN AB Slow and superluminal group velocities can be observed in any material that has large normal or anomalous dispersion. While this fact has been known for more than a century, recent experiments have shown that the dispersion can be very large without dramatically deforming a pulse. As a result, the significance and nature of pulse velocity is being reevaluated. In this review, we discuss some of the current techniques used for generating ultra-slow, superluminal, and even stopped light. While ultra-slow and superluminal group velocities have been observed in complicated systems, from an applications point of view it is highly desirable to do have this done in a solid that can operate at room temperature. We describe how coherent population oscillations can produce ultra-slow and superluminal light under these conditions. C1 Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Bigelow, MS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boyd@optics.rochester.edu NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 24 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 46 BP R1321 EP R1340 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/46/R01 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 879HC UT WOS:000225706000001 ER PT J AU Feuerstein, WM Larson, DE Luhmann, JG Lin, RP Kahler, SW Crooker, NU AF Feuerstein, WM Larson, DE Luhmann, JG Lin, RP Kahler, SW Crooker, NU TI Parameters of solar wind electron heat-flux pitch-angle distributions and IMF topologies SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SECTOR BOUNDARIES; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; EVENTS; DISTURBANCES; RECONNECTION; POLARITIES; DROPOUTS; ISEE-3; 1-AU AB Pitch-angle distributions (PADs) of solar wind heat-flux (HF) electrons are used as a proxy for interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) topology. Unidirectional PADs yield IMF solar polarities, and bidirectional electron (BDE) PADs are interpreted as signatures of closed fields. A general perception exists that the directionalities are easily distinguished, clearly defining open and closed IMFs. We quantify PADs with the ratios of the HF parallel and anti-parallel to the IMF to that perpendicular to the IMF plotting these parameters against each other in a directionality distribution for six years of electron data from the 3DP experiment on the Wind satellite. This bimodal plot clearly shows the unidirectional populations, but shows no evidence for a separate bidirectional HF population. A similar plot of magnetic clouds is double-banded with no evidence of a bifurcation between bidirectional and unidirectional regimes. In conclusion, this basic parameterization shows no distinction between open and closed field topologies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Feuerstein, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM michf@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 22 AR L22805 DI 10.1029/2004GL020529 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 875NY UT WOS:000225428600004 ER PT J AU Lucht, RP Roy, S Gord, JR AF Lucht, RP Roy, S Gord, JR TI Nonperturbative modeling of two-photon absorption in a three-state system SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; L-ALPHA LINE; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; STIMULATED-EMISSION; FLAMES; EXCITATION; OXYGEN; MOLECULES; PLASMA AB The physics of the two-photon absorption process is investigated for a three-state system. The density-matrix equations for the two-photon interaction are solved in the steady-state limit assuming that the pump laser radiation is monochromatic. Collisional broadening, saturation, and Stark shifting of the two-photon resonance are investigated in detail by numerical solution of the steady-state density-matrix equations. Analytical expressions for the saturation intensity and the Stark shift are derived for the case where the single-photon transitions between the intermediate state and the initial and final states are far from resonance with the pump laser. For this case, it is found that the direction of the Stark shift is dependent on the relative magnitudes of the dipole-moment matrix elements for the single-photon transitions that couple the intermediate state with the initial and final states. Saturation and Stark shifting are also investigated for the case where the single-photon transitions between the intermediate state and the initial and final states are close to resonance with the pump laser. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Propuls Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucht, RP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Lucht@purdue.edu NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 20 BP 9820 EP 9829 DI 10.1063/1.1809572 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 870FJ UT WOS:000225042700007 PM 15549855 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Friedman, JF Van Doren, JM AF Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Friedman, JF Van Doren, JM TI Electron attachment and detachment: Electron affinities of isomers of trifluoromethylbenzonitrile SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CYCLO-C4F8; EXCHANGE AB Rate constants for electron attachment to the three isomers of trifluoromethylbenzonitrile [(CF3)(CN)C6H4, or TFMBN] were measured over the temperature range of 303-463 K in a 133-Pa He buffer gas, using a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus. At 303 K, the measured attachment rate constants are 9.0x10(-8) (o-TFMBN), 5.5x10(-8) (m-TFMBN), and 8.9x10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) (p-TFMBN), estimated accurate to +/-25%. The attachment process formed only the parent anion in all three cases. Thermal electron detachment was observed for all three anion isomers, and rate constants for this reverse process were also measured. From the attachment and detachment results, the electron affinities of the three isomers of TFMBN were determined to be 0.70(o-TFMBN), 0.67(m-TFMBN), and 0.83 eV (p-TFMBN), all +/-0.05 eV. G3(MP2) [Gaussian-3 calculations with reduced Moller-Plesset orders (MP2)] calculations were carried out for the neutrals and anions. Electron affinities derived from these calculations are in good agreement with the experimental values. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM thomas.miller@hanscom.af.mil NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 20 BP 9993 EP 9998 DI 10.1063/1.1806418 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 870FJ UT WOS:000225042700026 PM 15549874 ER PT J AU Chanbancherd, P Paris, RM Torugsa, K Myint, KS Sangkharomya, S Brown, AE AF Chanbancherd, P Paris, RM Torugsa, K Myint, KS Sangkharomya, S Brown, AE TI Changes in HIV prevalence among young Thai men as defined by hepatitis C co-infection as a marker for mode of transmission SO AIDS LA English DT Article ID DRUG-USERS; INFECTION AB To obtain a better understanding of the evolving HIV-1 epidemic in Thailand, we utilized antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) to indicate the mode of HIV-1 transmission. Although the proportion of men with HCV co-infection increased between 1995 and 2000, the prevalence was similar, whereas the prevalence of men not co-infected decreased (1.93-0.46%). This suggests that HIV-1 infection associated with parenteral transmission has been stable despite a dramatic reduction in the sexual transmission of HIV-1. C1 USA, Inst Pathol, Bangkok, Thailand. USAF, Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Chanbancherd, P (reprint author), USA, Inst Pathol, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 19 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 17 BP 2339 EP 2341 DI 10.1097/00002030-200411190-00020 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 878OU UT WOS:000225656900019 PM 15577552 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL Shaklee, PN AF McGlasson, DL Shaklee, PN TI A multi-instrument evaluation of a commercial chromogenic Factor X Assay to monitor oral anticoagulation therapy. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 04-07, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Biocascade Inc, Res Lab, Arlington, WI USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 MA 4059 BP 101B EP 101B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871JO UT WOS:000225127700388 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL Kaczor, DA Krasuski, RA Campbell, CL Kostur, MR Adinaro, JT AF McGlasson, DL Kaczor, DA Krasuski, RA Campbell, CL Kostur, MR Adinaro, JT TI Effects of pre-analytical variables on the anti-FXa chromogenic assay when monitoring unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin anticoagulation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 04-07, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Diagnost Stago Inc, Tech Serv, Parsippany, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 MA 4064 BP 102B EP 102B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871JO UT WOS:000225127700393 ER PT J AU Bennett, C Nebeker, J Virmani, R McKoy, J Hoffman, J Raisch, D West, D Samore, M Yarnold, P Davidson, C Belknap, S Feldman, M AF Bennett, C Nebeker, J Virmani, R McKoy, J Hoffman, J Raisch, D West, D Samore, M Yarnold, P Davidson, C Belknap, S Feldman, M TI Subacute thrombotic events associated with drug eluting cardiac stents may be localized hypersensitivity reactions to polymers. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 04-07, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City VAMC, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Univ New Mexico, Vet Affairs Cooperat Studies Program, Clin Res Pharm Coordinating Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX USA. RI Bennett, Charles/C-2050-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 11 MA 2198 BP 604A EP 604A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 871JM UT WOS:000225127502199 ER PT J AU Smith, AP Smith, RR Taylor, BE Durstock, MF AF Smith, AP Smith, RR Taylor, BE Durstock, MF TI An investigation of poly(thienylene vinylene) in organic photovoltaic device SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC SOLAR-CELLS; DONOR-ACCEPTOR-HETEROJUNCTIONS; OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; BULK; PERFORMANCE; DERIVATIVES; EFFICIENCY; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE AB The soluble, conjugated regioregular polymer poly(3-dodecyl-2,5-thienylene vinylene), PDDTV, was synthesized and blended with 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl-[6,6]-C-61, PCBM, into bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices, working toward the goal of being able to tune the spectral response. External quantum efficiency measurements detected a maximum response at 580 nm (coincident with the PDDTV absorption lambda(max)), which corresponds to approximately a 100 nm red-shift as compared to devices made from common MDMO-PPV:PCBM blends. A near linear relationship between the current and light intensity was observed for PDDTV:PCBM devices, with slight deviation at relatively high intensities. Surface topography was investigated by AFM to explore the relationship between the roughness of the film and the device efficiency. The best device performance was observed in a 1:10 PDDTV:PCBM weight ratio and had a power conversion efficiency of 0.24% under AM 1.5G solar illumination conditions. This performance is strongly dependent on the active layer thickness, the thin film morphology, and the PCBM concentration in the film. Further optimization of these conditions is expected to yield PDDTV:PCBM blend devices with significantly improved device performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Durstock, MF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.durstock@wpafb.af.mil NR 33 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 16 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 23 BP 4687 EP 4692 DI 10.1021/cm049447n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 870SQ UT WOS:000225078600032 ER PT J AU Zvanut, ME Konovalov, VV Wang, HY Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Landis, G AF Zvanut, ME Konovalov, VV Wang, HY Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Landis, G TI Defect levels and types of point defects in high-purity and vanadium-doped semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE; 4H; POSITION AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and photo-induced EPR are used to examine the point defects in vanadium-doped 4H-SiC and high-purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-SiC grown by physical vapor transport. Both types of samples often exhibit a 1.1-eV activation energy, E-a, as extracted from the temperature-dependent Hall/resistivity measurements; however, different defects are related to the same E-a in each case. In the vanadium-doped wafers, the EPR data reveal both V4+ and V3+ in the same sample; thus, the 1.1-eV Hall activation energy is tentatively interpreted as the V3+/4+ acceptor level. However, this conclusion cannot be confirmed because additional defects complicate the photoresponse of vanadium. The carbon vacancy, which is detected in all the HPSI wafers, exhibits a range of photothresholds similar to the various values measured for E-a. The photo-EPR and temperature-dependent Hall/resistivity measurements made before and after a 1600degreesC anneal suggest that several different types of nonuniformly distributed defects participate in compensation of the HPSI material and that annealing selectively removes those with different defect levels. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zvanut, ME (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM mezvanut@uab.edu NR 20 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 10 BP 5484 EP 5489 DI 10.1063/1.1797547 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 868PR UT WOS:000224926000013 ER PT J AU Langhoff, PW Boatz, JA Hinde, RJ Sheehy, JA AF Langhoff, PW Boatz, JA Hinde, RJ Sheehy, JA TI Atomic spectral methods for molecular electronic structure calculations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ADAPTED PERTURBATION-THEORY; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DER-WAALS COMPLEXES; DEFORMED ATOMS; QUANTUM-THEORY; CONICAL INTERSECTIONS; 3-BODY NONADDITIVITY; GENERAL THEORY; DIATOMICS AB Theoretical methods are reported for ab initio calculations of the adiabatic (Born-Oppenheimer) electronic wave functions and potential energy surfaces of molecules and other atomic aggregates. An outer product of complete sets of atomic eigenstates familiar from perturbation-theoretical treatments of long-range interactions is employed as a representational basis without prior enforcement of aggregate wave function antisymmetry. The nature and attributes of this atomic spectral-product basis are indicated, completeness proofs for representation of antisymmetric states provided, convergence of Schrodinger eigenstates in the basis established, and strategies for computational implemention of the theory described. A diabaticlike Hamiltonian matrix representative is obtained, which is additive in atomic-energy and pairwise-atomic interaction-energy matrices, providing a basis for molecular calculations in terms of the (Coulombic) interactions of the atomic constituents. The spectral-product basis is shown to contain the totally antisymmetric irreducible representation of the symmetric group of aggregate electron coordinate permutations once and only once, but to also span other (non-Pauli) symmetric group representations known to contain unphysical discrete states and associated continua in which the physically significant Schrodinger eigenstates are generally embedded. These unphysical representations are avoided by isolating the physical block of the Hamiltonian matrix with a unitary transformation obtained from the metric matrix of the explicitly antisymmetrized spectral-product basis. A formal proof of convergence is given in the limit of spectral closure to wave functions and energy surfaces obtained employing conventional prior antisymmetrization, but determined without repeated calculations of Hamiltonian matrix elements as integrals over explicitly antisymmetric aggregate basis states. Computational implementations of the theory employ efficient recursive methods which avoid explicit construction the metric matrix and do not require storage of the full Hamiltonian matrix to isolate the antisymmetric subspace of the spectral-product representation. Calculations of the lowest-lying singlet and triplet electronic states of the covalent electron pair bond (H-2) illustrate the various theorems devised and demonstrate the degree of convergence achieved to values obtained employing conventional prior antisymmetrization. Concluding remarks place the atomic spectral-product development in the context of currently employed approaches for ab initio construction of adiabatic electronic eigenfunctions and potential energy surfaces, provide comparisons with earlier related approaches, and indicate prospects for more general applications of the method. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USAF, Res Lab, PRS, Propuls Sci Div, Edwards AFB, CA USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Propuls Res Ctr TD 40, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Langhoff, PW (reprint author), Univ Calif, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM langhoff@drifter.sdsc.edu OI Hinde, Robert/0000-0003-3499-9222 NR 117 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 19 BP 9323 EP 9342 DI 10.1063/1.1794634 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 868DT UT WOS:000224895000013 PM 15538852 ER PT J AU Popovic, S Midey, AJ Williams, S Fernandez, AI Viggiano, AA Zhang, P Morokuma, K AF Popovic, S Midey, AJ Williams, S Fernandez, AI Viggiano, AA Zhang, P Morokuma, K TI Ion-molecule rate constants and branching ratios for the reaction of N-3(+)+O-2 from 120 to 1400 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; GAS-PHASE; O-2; N3; NITROGEN; ENERGY; N-3; NO2 AB The kinetics of the reaction of N-3(+) with O-2 has been studied from 120 to 1400 K using both a selected ion flow tube and high-temperature flowing afterglow. The rate constant decreases from 120 K to similar to1200 K and then increases slightly up to the maximum temperature studied, 1400 K. The rate constant compares well to most of the previous measurements in the overlapping temperature range. Comparing the results to drift tube data shows that there is not a large difference between increasing the translational energy available for reaction and increasing the internal energy of the reactants over much of the range, i.e., all types of energies drive the reactivity equally. The reaction produces both NO+ and NO2+, the latter of which is shown to be the higher energy NOO+ linear isomer. The ratio of NOO+ to NO+ decreases from a value of over 2 at 120 K to less than 0.01 at 1400 K because of dissociation of NOO+ at the higher temperatures. This ratio decreases exponentially with increasing temperature. High-level theoretical calculations have also been performed to compliment the data. Calculations using multi-reference configuration interaction theory at the MRCISD(Q)/cc-pVTZ level of theory show that singlet NOO+ is linear and is 4.5 eV higher in energy than ONO+. A barrier of 0.9 eV prevents dissociation into NO+ and O(D-1); however, a crossing to a triplet surface connects to NO+ and O(P-3) products. A singlet and a triplet potential energy surface leading to products have been determined using coupled cluster theory at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ level on structures optimized at the Becke3-Lee, Yang, and Parr (B3LYP)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The experimental results and reaction mechanism are evaluated using these surfaces. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 19 BP 9481 EP 9488 DI 10.1063/1.1807376 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 868DT UT WOS:000224895000030 PM 15538869 ER PT J AU Glavicic, MG Kobryn, PA Semiatin, SL AF Glavicic, MG Kobryn, PA Semiatin, SL TI Validation of an automated EBSD method to deduce the beta-phase texture in Ti-6Al-4V with a colony-alpha microstructure SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE titanium; electron-backscatter-diffraction; phase transformation; burgers relation; texture ID TI-64 SHEET; TRANSFORMATION; ORIENTATION; TEMPERATURE; PLATES; GRAIN AB An automated method to determine the texture of the beta-phase in Ti-6Al-4V using measured alpha-phase electron-backscatter-diffraction data (EBSD) was validated by comparing the deduced texture with the texture measured directly using X-ray diffraction. The deduced alpha-phase-variant frequency distribution revealed that all variants were not equally probable. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Glavicic, MG (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2004 VL 385 IS 1-2 BP 372 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.07.036 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 867DI UT WOS:000224822000047 ER PT J AU Sinha, AE Hope, JL Prazen, BJ Fraga, CG Nilsson, EJ Synovec, RE AF Sinha, AE Hope, JL Prazen, BJ Fraga, CG Nilsson, EJ Synovec, RE TI Multivariate selectivity as a metric for evaluating comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry subjected to chemometric peak deconvolution SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Hyphenated Techniques in Chromatography and Hyphenated Chromatographic Analyzers (HTC-8) CY FEB 04-06, 2002 CL Bruges, BELGIUM DE parallel factor analysis; chemometrics; deconvolution; gas chromatography; comprehensive two-dimensional; net analyte signal; multivariate selectivity ID GC X GC; TRILINEAR DECOMPOSITION METHOD; TENSORIAL CALIBRATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; ORGANIC-ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION; VOLATILE; SAMPLES AB Two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) [GC x GC-TOFMS)] is a highly selective technique well suited to analyzing complex mixtures. The data generated is information-rich, making it applicable to multivariate quantitative analysis and pattern recognition. One separation on a GC x GC-TOFMS provides retention times on two chromatographic columns and a complete mass spectrum for each component within the mixture. In this report, we demonstrate how GC x GC-TOFMS combined with trilinear chemometric techniques, specifically parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) initiated by trilinear decomposition (TLD), results in a powerful analytical methodology for multivariate deconvolution. Using PARAFAC, partially resolved components in complex mixtures can be deconvoluted and identified without. requiring a standard data set, signal shape assumptions or any fully selective mass signals. A set of four isomers (iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and n-butyl benzenes) is used to investigate the practical limitations of FARAFAC for the deconvolution of isomers at varying degrees of chromatographic resolution and mass spectral selectivity. In this report, multivariate selectivity was tested as a metric for evaluating GC x GC-TOFMS data that is subjected to PARAFAC peak deconvolution. It was found that deconvolution results were best with multivariate selectivities over 0.18. Furthermore, the application of GC x GC-TOFMS followed by TLD/PARAFAC is demonstrated for a plant metabolite sample. A region of GC x GC-TOFMS data from a complex natural sample of a derivatized metabolic plant extract from Huilmo (Sisyrinchium striatum) was analyzed using TLD/PARAFAC, demonstrating the utility of this analytical technique on a natural sample containing overlapped analytes without selective ions or peak shape assumptions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Insilicos, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Synovec, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, Dept Chem, POB 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM synovec@chem.washington.edu NR 35 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 12 PY 2004 VL 1056 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.110 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 871OT UT WOS:000225143800020 PM 15595544 ER PT J AU Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Florando, JN Nix, WD AF Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Florando, JN Nix, WD TI Oxide surface films on metal crystals - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 12 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5699 BP 1134 EP 1135 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 872FM UT WOS:000225193100024 ER PT J AU Fernandez, AI Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Williams, S Dotan, I Seeley, JV Troe, J AF Fernandez, AI Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Williams, S Dotan, I Seeley, JV Troe, J TI Collisional stabilization and thermal dissociation of highly vibrationally excited C9H12+ ions from the reaction O-2(+)+C9H12 -> O-2+C9H12+ SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; FLOW TUBE; UNIMOLECULAR PROCESSES; MOLECULAR-IONS; RELAXATION; ETHYLBENZENE; CYCLOHEPTATRIENES; PROBABILITIES; EXCITATION AB Highly vibrationally excited n-propylbenzene cations, C9H12+*, were prepared by the charge transfer reaction O-2(+) + C9H12 --> O-2 + C9H12+* in a turbulent ion flow tube. The subsequent competition between fragmentation of C9H12+* into C7H7+ + C2H5 and stabilization in collisions with N-2 was studied at temperatures in the range 423-603 K and at pressures between 15 and 200 Torr. Most of the C7H7+ is the aromatic benzylium isomer, while the fraction of the minor species, seven-membered-ring tropylium, increases with T, from 5 to 20%. Minor fragments are C6H6+, C7H8+, and C8H9+. Energy-transfer step sizes for collisional deactivation are obtained by combining the stabilization versus fragmentation ratios measured as a function of pressure in this study with fragmentation rates from the literature. The values are compared with related information for other excited molecular ions and are similar to those of their neutral analogues. At the highest temperatures, C9H12+ was also observed to pyrolyze after collisional stabilization. Employing unimolecular rate theory, the derived rate constants for thermal dissociation of C9H12+ are related to values derived from the specific rate constants k(E,J) for fragmentation. Good agreement is found between measured and predicted pyrolysis rate constants. This allows us to confirm the dissociation energy of C9H12+ into C7H7+ (benzylium) and C2H5 as 166.9 (+/-2.2) kJ mol(-1) (at 0 K). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Keck Ctr Natl Acad, NRC, Res Associateship Program, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Open Univ Israel, Dept Nat Sci, Tel Aviv, Israel. Oakland Univ, Dept Chem, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 11 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 45 BP 9652 EP 9659 DI 10.1021/jp048132s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 869ON UT WOS:000224994000005 ER PT J AU Levandier, DJ Chiu, YH Dressler, RA Sun, LP Schatz, GC AF Levandier, DJ Chiu, YH Dressler, RA Sun, LP Schatz, GC TI Hyperthermal reactions of O+(S-4(3/2)) with CD4 and CH4: Theory and experiment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GUIDED-ION-BEAM; TRANSLATIONAL ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; UNIMOLECULAR DECAY PATHS; RECOIL VELOCITY ANALYSIS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; GAS-PHASE; ELECTRON CORRELATION; COLLISION ENERGIES; METHANE ACTIVATION; THERMAL-ENERGY AB Theoretical and experimental methods are applied to the study of the reaction dynamics in hyperthermal collisions of O+ (S-4(3/2)) with methane. Measurements of the absolute reaction cross sections for the interaction of O+ with CD4 and CH4 were obtained at collision energies in the range from near-thermal to approximately 15 eV, using the guided-ion beam (GIB) technique. Product recoil velocity distributions, using the GIB time-of-flight (TOF) methods, were determined for several product ions at selected collision energies. The main reaction channel, charge transfer, proceeds via large impact parameter collisions. A number of minor channels, involving more intimate collisions, were also detected. Ab initio electronic structure calculations have been performed with different levels of theory and basis sets, including high-level coupled-cluster calculations to determine the energies of reaction intermediates and transition states for reaction. Several reaction paths on both quartet and doublet electronic states of (O.CH4)(+) are found, and these provide a reasonable qualitative interpretation of the experiments. Although most of the products can be produced via spin-allowed pathways, the appearance of CH3+ at low energies suggests that intersystem crossing plays some role. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM dale.levandier@hanscom.af.mil NR 63 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 11 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 45 BP 9794 EP 9804 DI 10.1021/jp047993y PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 869ON UT WOS:000224994000022 ER PT J AU Selesnick, RS Looper, MD Albert, JM AF Selesnick, RS Looper, MD Albert, JM TI Low-altitude distribution of radiation belt electrons SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation belt; electrons; diffusion; atmospheric scattering ID EARTHS INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; PITCH-ANGLE; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; SCATTERING LOSS; MODEL AB [1] A numerical simulation of the low-altitude electron radiation belt is described. It includes dependences on the electrons' bounce and drift phases, equatorial pitch angle, and kinetic energy in the range of similar to 1 to several MeV at L = 3.5. Physical processes in addition to the adiabatic electron motion are pitch angle diffusion and backscattering from a realistic model atmosphere. Quasi-linear diffusion coefficients are calculated from a model of the whistler mode plasmaspheric hiss wave intensity. Comparisons of the simulation results with electron data from a low-altitude satellite show that the model accounts for the main features of the electron spatial distribution during selected periods of differing geomagnetic activity. C1 Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Aerosp Corp, POB 92957,M2-259, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. EM richard.s.selesnick@aero.org NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 10 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A11 AR A11209 DI 10.1029/2004JA010611 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 872EV UT WOS:000225191400008 ER PT J AU Phillips, DM Drummy, LF Conrady, DG Fox, DM Naik, RR Stone, MO Trulove, PC De Long, HC Mantz, RA AF Phillips, DM Drummy, LF Conrady, DG Fox, DM Naik, RR Stone, MO Trulove, PC De Long, HC Mantz, RA TI Dissolution and regeneration of Bombyx mori Silk fibroin using ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Chem & Life Sci Directorate, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Mantz, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.mantz@wpafb.af-mil NR 13 TC 237 Z9 256 U1 10 U2 99 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 10 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 44 BP 14350 EP 14351 DI 10.1021/ja046079f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 869DV UT WOS:000224964500024 PM 15521743 ER PT J AU McEwan, KJ Fleitz, PA Rogers, JE Slagle, JE McLean, DG Akdas, H Katterle, M Blake, IM Anderson, HL AF McEwan, KJ Fleitz, PA Rogers, JE Slagle, JE McLean, DG Akdas, H Katterle, M Blake, IM Anderson, HL TI Reverse saturable absorption in the near-infrared by fused porphyrin dimers SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; PHTHALOCYANINES; DIPORPHYRINS; STATE AB Bromine and iodine substituents increase the yield of triplet excited states in a triply linked fused porphyrin dimer (see Figure), resulting in efficient reverse saturable absorption in the near-infrared range at 600-970 nm on the nanosecond timescale. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Chem Res Lab, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. Def Sci & Technol Lab, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. USAF, Res Lab, MLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Anderson, HL (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Chem Res Lab, Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, England. EM harry.anderson@chem.ox.ac.uk RI Anderson, Harry/E-7843-2011 OI Anderson, Harry/0000-0002-1801-8132 NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 4 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 21 BP 1933 EP + DI 10.1002/adma200400492 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 881FE UT WOS:000225848000015 ER PT J AU Freeman, TM AF Freeman, TM TI Hypersensitivity to hymenoptera stings SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY SPASM; DISCONTINUING VENOM IMMUNOTHERAPY; WHOLE-BODY EXTRACTS; INSECT STINGS; RUSH IMMUNOTHERAPY; NATURAL-HISTORY; ALLERGY; ANAPHYLAXIS; SENSITIVITY; CHILDREN C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78023 USA. RP Freeman, TM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78023 USA. EM tfree95900@aol.com NR 53 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 4 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 19 BP 1978 EP 1984 DI 10.1056/NEJMcp042013 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 867OG UT WOS:000224851300010 PM 15525723 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Lyons, CB Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Lyons, CB Tan, LS TI Grafting of vapor-grown carbon nanofibers via in-situ polycondensation of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in poly(phosphoric acid) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES; NANOTUBES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; POLYMERIZATION; POLYSTYRENE; DISPERSION; ELECTRODE; FIBERS; FILMS AB In-situ polymerization of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in the presence of various amounts (1-30 wt%) of vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNF) was carried out in poly(phosphoric acid)/phosphorus pentoxide (PPA/P2O5; 1:4 w/w) medium. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid polymerizes via Friedel-Crafts acylation in PPA to form poly(oxy-1,3-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene) or mPEK. The resulting mPEK-g-VGCNF products that contained less than 10 wt% of VGCNF were soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and had intrinsic viscosity values ranging from 1 to 1.73 dL/g in methanesulfonic acid (MSA) at 30 +/- 0.1 degreesC. The overall evidence based on the data from elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) as well as scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies of the resulting materials implicates that VGCNF remained more or less structurally intact under the mildly acidic, relatively high-shearing and hot polymerization conditions. It is also evident that under these reaction conditions rnPEK was grafted onto the surface of VGCNF, resulting in the formation of "hairy tubes". The wide-angle X-ray diffraction result showed the growth of the 3.35 Angstrom peak characteristic of VGCNF that increased in intensity proportionately to the presence of VGCNF in the sample and correlated well with the EA and TGA results. The conductivity of the cast film (10 wt% VGCNF) is 0.25 S/cm (bottom of film) and 0.30 S/cm (top of film). C1 Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chungbuk 361763, South Korea. SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL,MLBP, Polymer Branch,Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chungbuk 361763, South Korea. EM jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 45 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 2 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 22 BP 8278 EP 8285 DI 10.1021/ma048964o PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 866RC UT WOS:000224789600018 ER PT J AU Stith, SM Smith, DB Penn, CE Ward, DB Tritt, D AF Stith, SM Smith, DB Penn, CE Ward, DB Tritt, D TI Intimate partner physical abuse perpetration and victimization risk factors: A meta-analytic review SO AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Review DE partner violence; spouse abuse; risk factors; meta-analysis ID ALCOHOLISM SCREENING-TEST; MARITALLY VIOLENT MEN; MALE SPOUSE ABUSERS; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; BATTERED WOMEN; WIFE ASSAULT; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PERSONALITY-CHARACTERISTICS; NONVIOLENT HUSBANDS; WOMAN ABUSE AB Evidence from 85 studies was examined to identify risk factors most strongly related to intimate partner physical abuse perpetration and victimization. The studies produced 308 distinct effect sizes. These effect sizes were then used to calculate composite effect sizes for 16 perpetration and 9 victimization risk factors. Large effect sizes were found between perpetration of physical abuse and five risk factors (emotional abuse, forced sex, illicit drug use, attitudes condoning marital violence, and marital satisfaction). Moderate effect sizes were calculated between perpetration of physical abuse and six risk factors (traditional sex-role ideology, anger/hostility, history of partner abuse, alcohol use, depression, and career/life stress). A large effect size was calculated between physical violence victimization and the victim using violence toward her partner. Moderate effect sizes were calculated between female physical violence victimization and depression and fear of future abuse. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Human Dev, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. USAF, Family Advocacy Program, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Stith, SM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Human Dev, 7054 Haycock Rd, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. EM sstith@vt.edu NR 143 TC 327 Z9 331 U1 10 U2 76 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-1789 J9 AGGRESS VIOLENT BEH JI Aggress. Violent Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 BP 65 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.avb.2003.09.001 PG 34 WC Criminology & Penology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Criminology & Penology; Psychology GA 860FJ UT WOS:000224327600003 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F AF Szmulowicz, F TI Analytic, graphical, and geometric solutions for photonic band gaps SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Photonic band gap (PBG) structures consisting of alternating layers of two dielectric materials exhibit PBGs-regions of the electromagnetic spectrum where light propagation is forbidden. The edges of these gaps are found from the Kronig-Penney relation. It is shown that the conditions for the band edges can be visualized using the sides and angles of a triangle. It also is shown that the wavelength at the band edges scales with the layer widths. Photon wavelengths at the band edges are found analytically as a function of PBG parameters for the technologically important cases of quarter-wave/half-wave and eighth-wave/half-wave PBG stacks; in a general case, a pedagogically transparent graphical solution is provided. (C) 2004 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM frank.szmulowicz@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1392 EP 1396 DI 10.1119/1.1783901 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 864RZ UT WOS:000224651900006 ER PT J AU More, D Nugent, J Hagan, L Demain, J Schwertner, H Whisman, B Freeman, T AF More, D Nugent, J Hagan, L Demain, J Schwertner, H Whisman, B Freeman, T TI Identification of allergens in the venom of the common striped scorpion SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKIN-TEST; STINGS AB Background: The common striped scorpion, Centruroides vittatus, is endemic to the southwestern United States and causes thousands of human stings annually. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to C vittatus venom have been reported. Objectives: To identify specific IgE in 11 patients with immediate hypersensitivity to C vittatus and to characterize the allergens present in the venom. Methods: Skin testing to dialyzed, filtered venom was performed in 5 patients. Immunoglobulin E immunoblots to whole milked venom was accomplished with serum samples from 8 patients. Enzymatic properties of whole venom were also determined. Results: C vittatus venom was found to contain 150 mug/muL of protein. Four of 5 patients tested had positive skin test reactions to the purified venom extract, with no late reactions. In all 8 patients, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated multiple proteins, 9 of which were identified as allergens on IgE immunoblots, ranging in size from 30 to 170 kD. Enzymatic activity was found to include phospholipase A, alkaline phosphatase, esterase, esterase lipase, and acid phosphatase. Conclusions: C vittatus envenomation may result in immediate hypersensitivity reactions in susceptible individuals. Venom specific I-E can be identified by using skin tests and IgE immunoblots. The allergens identified in these patients had molecular weights distinct from those of known scorpion neurotoxins. A safe and effective skin testing extract can be prepared from dialyzed pure venom and may lead to the widespread ability to diagnose C vittatus venom allergy. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Alaska PC, Allergy Asthma & Immunol Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, Dept Clin Invest, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP More, D (reprint author), SGOMA 56 MDG, MDOS, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 7219 N Litchfield Rd, Luke AFB, AZ 85309 USA. EM drmusaf@earthlink.net NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 93 IS 5 BP 493 EP 498 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 872IH UT WOS:000225200400016 PM 15562890 ER PT J AU Luckarift, HR Dalton, H Sharma, ND Boyd, DR Holt, RA AF Luckarift, HR Dalton, H Sharma, ND Boyd, DR Holt, RA TI Isolation and characterisation of bacterial strains containing enantioselective DMSO reductase activity: application to the kinetic resolution of racemic sulfoxides SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPHAEROIDES FS DENITRIFICANS; TRIMETHYLAMINE-N-OXIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; TERMINAL REDUCTASE; ORGANIC SULFIDES; PURIFICATION; MOLYBDENUM AB The kinetic resolution of racemic sulfoxides by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reductases was investigated with a range of microorganisms. Three bacterial isolates (provisionally identified as Citrobacter braakii, Klebsiella sp. and Serratia sp.) expressing DMSO reductase activity were isolated from environmental samples by anaerobic enrichment with DMSO as terminal electron acceptor. The organisms reduced a diverse range of racemic sulfoxides to yield either residual enantiomer depending upon the strain used. C. braakii DMSO-11 exhibited wide substrate specificity that included dialkyl, diaryl and alkylaryl sulfoxides, and was unique in its ability to reduce the thiosulfinate 1,4-dihydrobenzo-2, 3-dithian-2-oxide. DMSO reductase was purified from the periplasmic fraction of C. braakii DMSO-11 and was used to demonstrate unequivocally that the DMSO reductase was responsible for enantiospecific reductive resolution of racemic sulfoxides. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Chem, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. Avecia Pharmaceut, Billingham TS23 1YN, Cleveland, England. RP Luckarift, HR (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM hluckarift@gulf.net NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 65 IS 6 BP 678 EP 685 DI 10.1007/s00253-004-1667-6 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 865DZ UT WOS:000224684000006 PM 15322772 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN Haugan, TJ Varanasi, CV Campbell, TA AF Barnes, PN Haugan, TJ Varanasi, CV Campbell, TA TI Flux pinning behavior of incomplete multilayered lattice structures in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-d) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Magnetization results of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-d) films processed with interlayers of CeO(2) inclusions are presented. Unexpected flux pinning results that are different from previous observations with nanoparticulate layered inclusions were observed. Flux pinning was found to be in some cases either slightly improved at either low fields <0.5 T or in other cases at high fields >8 T although degraded, sometimes severely, at interim magnetic fields. Most unexpectedly, the pinning performance of the various samples rapidly converges as the temperature is reduced from 77 to 65 K, causing all films to have similar J(c)(H) behavior at 65 K even though dramatically different at 77 K. C1 USAF, Propuls Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Propuls Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 18 BP 4088 EP 4090 DI 10.1063/1.1809274 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 868DS UT WOS:000224894900044 ER PT J AU Balldin, UI Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT AF Balldin, UI Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT TI Central nervous system decompression sickness and venous gas emboli in hypobaric conditions SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression sickness; altitude; CNS symptoms; venous gas emboli; HBO ID ALTITUDE; SYMPTOMS; ASCENT; RISK AB Introduction: Altitude decompression sickness (DCS) that involves the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare but potentially serious condition. Identification of early symptoms and signs of this condition might improve treatment. Methods: We studied data from 26 protocols carried out in our laboratory over the period 1983-2003; all were designed to provoke DCS in a substantial proportion of subjects. The data set included 2843 cases. We classified subject-exposures that resulted in DCS as: 1) neurological DCS of peripheral and/or central origin (NEURO); 2) a subset of those that involved only the CNS (CNS); and 3) all other cases, i.e., DCS cases that did not have a neurological component (OTHER). For each case, echo imaging data were used to document whether venous gas emboli (VGE) were present, and their level was classified as: 1) any level, i.e., Grade 1 or higher (VGE-1); and 2) high level, Grade 4 (VGE-4). Results: There were 1108 cases of altitude DCS in the database; 218 were classified as NEURO and 49 of those as CNS. VGE-1 were recorded in 83.8% of OTHER compared with 58.7% of NEURO and 55.1% of CNS (both p < 0.001 compared with OTHER). The corresponding values for VGE-4 were 48.8%, 37.0%, and 34.7% (p < 0.001, compared to OTHER). Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) was used to treat about half of the CNS cases, while all other cases were treated with 2 h breathing 100% oxygen at ground level. Discussion: Since only about half of the rare cases of hypobaric CNS DCS cases were accompanied by any level of VGE, echo imaging for bubbles may have limited application for use as a predictor of such cases. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wyle Labs, HEP, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Balldin, UI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wyle Labs, HEP, 2485 Gillingham Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM ulf.balldin@brooks.af.mil NR 17 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 969 EP 972 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 866ZL UT WOS:000224811800007 PM 15558997 ER PT J AU Critchley, EP AF Critchley, EP TI Multiple sclerosis initially presenting as facial palsy SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE facial paralysis; MRI AB A case of multiple sclerosis initially presenting as a facial palsy is presented. A 35-yr-old U.S. Air Force aviator developed a purely right-sided facial palsy with no sensory abnormalities. She had no other neurologic findings except for a barely perceptible loss of coordination in her right upper extremity. Subsequent brain MRI revealed multiple white matter lesions. Further history and laboratory analysis confirmed multiple sclerosis. This case underscores the potential for multiple sclerosis to mimic other more benign conditions and the need for clinicians to carefully examine patients presenting with new neurologic abnormalities. The diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis as well as military aviation policy regarding multiple sclerosis patients is discussed. C1 USAF, Med Grp 377, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Critchley, EP (reprint author), USAF, Med Grp 377, 2050A 2nd St SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Eric.Critchley@kirtland.af.mil NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1001 EP 1004 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 866ZL UT WOS:000224811800014 PM 15559004 ER PT J AU Gorham, ED Garland, CF Garland, FC Kaiser, K Travis, WD Centeno, JA AF Gorham, ED Garland, CF Garland, FC Kaiser, K Travis, WD Centeno, JA TI Trends and occupational associations in incidence of hospitalized pulmonary sarcoidosis and other lung diseases in navy personnel - A 27-year Historical Prospective Study, 1975-2001 SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; military populations; occupation; occurrence; sarcoidosis ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; RISK-FACTORS; US-NAVY; ENLISTED PERSONNEL; MARINE CORPS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPOSURE; ACCESS; EXPERIENCE; DEFINITION AB Study objectives: This study examines long-term trends in incidence rates of hospitalized pulmonary sarcoidosis in a large cohort of Navy personnel, and evaluates the possible relationship of sarcoidosis with occupation. Design: Incidence rates of first hospitalizations were determined. for black and white male Navy enlisted personnel on active duty from 1975 to 2001. Setting: Navy service includes a potential for exposure to a variety of substances, including nonskid coatings used on ship decks that may be aerosolized during removal. Particulate matter containing aluminum, titanium, and silicates has been identified in nonskid samples. Specific occupational groups may have had greater exposure potential than others. Patients or participants: Hospitalized cases included sarcoidosis (n = 674), asthma (n = 3,536), emphysema and chronic bronchitis (n = 1,103), respiratory conditions due to fumes and vapors (n = 6 1), and pneumoconiosis (n = 5 1) observed in 9,953,607 person-years of active-duty service. Interventions: None. However, improvements were made in personal protective gear and other countermeasures to prevent or limit respiratory exposures during service. Measurements and results: Annual overall hospitalized sarcoidosis incidence rates per 100,000 were 24.9 for black men and 3.5 for white men (black/white ratio of 7.1, p < 0.0001). Annual incidence rates in blacks declined markedly, particularly since 1989, but the black/white ratio remained high through 1999. Occupational associations were present in blacks and whites. Black ship's servicemen (23 cases) and aviation structural mechanics specializing in structures (12 cases) bad more than twice the expected incidence rate compared to all blacks, and white mess management specialists (15 cases) had twice the overall white incidence bate. Conclusions: There was a steep decline in incidence of hospitalized sarcoidosis in blacks in the Navy. Occupational associations suggest the possibility that a dust or moisture-related lung disease may have been erroneously classified as sarcoidosis, or, alternatively, that sarcoidosis had a previously unrecognized occupational component. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Geocenters Inc, Clinton, MD USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Gorham, ED (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM gorham@nhrc.navy.mil NR 62 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD NOV PY 2004 VL 126 IS 5 BP 1431 EP 1438 DI 10.1378/chest.126.5.1431 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 872NU UT WOS:000225214700013 PM 15539709 ER PT J AU Parco, JE Rapoport, A AF Parco, JE Rapoport, A TI Enhancing honesty in bargaining under incomplete information: An experimental study of the bonus procedure SO GROUP DECISION AND NEGOTIATION LA English DT Article DE bargaining; sealed-bid; k-double auction; bonus procedure; truthful revelation; experiment ID SEALED-BID MECHANISM; GAMES; EQUILIBRIA; EFFICIENCY; PLAY AB The sealed-bid k-double auction mechanism for two-person bargaining under incomplete information can be extended by providing a bonus for both traders if, and only if, an agreement is reached. Brams and Kilgour ( 1996, Group Decision and Negotiation, 5, 239 - 262) proved that there is a unique level of bonus, namely, half the difference between the buyer's bid and seller's ask, that induces the traders to bargain truthfully. Stein and Parco ( 2001, unpublished manuscript) extend the theoretical work to the case of partial bonus levels that reduce, but do not completely eliminate, misrepresentation of the reservation values. In the present study, we experimentally investigate the effects of providing different bonus values on the misrepresentation of the bargainers' reservation values. Our results show that implementation of a bonus has a significant impact on bargaining behavior but not nearly to the extent predicted by the equilibrium analysis. A reinforcement-based learning model originally proposed for the no bonus case accounts quite well for the results of all three experimental conditions. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept management & Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Econ, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Parco, JE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM james.parco@usafa.af.mil; amnon@u.arizona.edu RI Parco, James/I-4836-2012 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-2644 J9 GROUP DECIS NEGOT JI Group Decis. Negot. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 539 EP 562 DI 10.1007/s10726-005-3824-4 PG 24 WC Management; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 899QI UT WOS:000227159200003 ER PT J AU White, MD AF White, MD TI Modelling material properties in high-order compact schemes SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-SCIENCE MEASUREMENT AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Electromagnetics CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Stratfor Upon Avon, ENGLAND ID DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; EQUATIONS AB High-order compact-difference methods have been applied to a variety of physical phenomenon, including modelling Maxwell's equations. Proper treatment at material interfaces is difficult for high-order schemes, as the derivatives of the primitive variables are discontinuous across the interface. Similar situations occur in attempting to use compact-differences in fluid dynamic problems containing shock waves. In the fluids community the problem has been dealt with by dropping to a second-order scheme at the discontinuity. With Maxwell's equations, the stationary location of the material interface and the behaviour of the derivatives at that interface allow for higher-order formulations of the problem. Details of the treatment of material interfaces that preserve the formal order of accuracy for computing the derivatives and filtering the solutions are presented and discussed. C1 Wright Patterson AFB, Comp Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP White, MD (reprint author), Wright Patterson AFB, Comp Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2344 J9 IEE P-SCI MEAS TECH JI IEE Proc.-Sci. Meas. Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 151 IS 6 BP 460 EP 463 DI 10.1049/ip-smt:20040947 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 895CF UT WOS:000226837800018 ER PT J AU Jang, S Choi, WS Sarkar, TK Salazar-Palma, M Kim, K Baum, CE AF Jang, S Choi, WS Sarkar, TK Salazar-Palma, M Kim, K Baum, CE TI Exploiting early time response using the fractional Fourier transform for analyzing transient radar returns SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE early time response; entire functions; fractional Fourier transforms (FrFT); poles; singularity expansion method (SEM) ID SINGULARITY EXPANSION METHOD; IMPULSE-RESPONSE; REPRESENTATIONS; SCATTERING; TARGETS; FIELDS AB This paper presents a new technique for estimating parameters of damped sinusoids and impulse-like responses utilizing both early and late time transient scattering responses. Transient scattering responses are composed of damped sinusoids at late times and impulse-like components at early times. Due to the impulse-like components, it is difficult to extract meaningful damped sinusoids when analyzing the complete data set. In this paper, the entire time-domain-response is used to extract the signal parameters of interest utilizing both the early and late times. The fractional Fourier transform (FrFT), especially the half Fourier transform (HFT), is used to analyze the data for parameter identification. Impulse or Gaussian-like pulses can be easily separated from the late time damped exponentials in the HFT domain, as they have similar functional representations. In addition, the damped exponentials have a turn on time which needs to be solved for. Results from two examples show that the new technique is applicable for signals that are composed of damped exponentials with a turn-on time and short pulse-like components. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicac, Dipartimento SSR, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USAF, Directed Energy Direcorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Jang, S (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM sejang@mailbox.syr.edu; wchoi01@syr.edu; tksarkar@syr.edu; m.salazar-palma@ieee.org; kkim08@syr.edu RI Salazar Palma, Magdalena/C-4447-2015 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 52 IS 11 BP 3109 EP 3121 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.835165 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 870JU UT WOS:000225054200036 ER PT J AU Altshuler, EE Linden, DS AF Altshuler, EE Linden, DS TI An ultrawide-band impedance-loaded genetic antenna SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithm; impedance-loaded antenna; ultrawide-band antenna ID ALGORITHMS AB There are many new radar and communications systems that will utilize ultrawide-band antennas. In this investigation, a compact genetic antenna consisting of a set of wires connected in series and with impedance loads is designed and measured. The shape of the antenna and the location of the loads and their impedances are optimized using a genetic algorithm. The resultant antenna is mounted over a ground plane and has elliptical polarization and near hemispherical coverage. It has a VSWR that is under about 4.5 over the 50 to I band from 300 to 15000 MHz. The VSWR, radiation patterns and antenna efficiency have been simulated and the VSWR has been measured. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Linden Innovat Res, Ashburn, VA 20146 USA. RP Altshuler, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM edward.altshuler@hanscom.af.mil; dlinden@lindenir.com NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 52 IS 11 BP 3147 EP 3150 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.834468 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 870JU UT WOS:000225054200042 ER PT J AU McKinney, EH Barker, JR Smith, DR Davis, KJ AF McKinney, EH Barker, JR Smith, DR Davis, KJ TI The role of communication values in swift starting action teams: IT insights from flight crew experience SO INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE communication; values; teams ID INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS DETERMINATION; PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TEAMS; KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT; WORK TEAMS; PERFORMANCE; ORGANIZATIONS; TECHNOLOGY; SYSTEMS; CULTURE; IMPACT AB We define a new subset of action teams termed swift starting action teams. These high technology groups of professional, well trained strangers perform from the moment they start working and face high stakes from the beginning. For these teams, we present evidence that the expression of communication values precedes effective task communication and team performance. IT professionals increasingly team with other professionals in high technology environments, such as swift starting action teams. Communication and communication values are important to the success of action team interactions common to IT professionals, such as requirements analysis, knowledge discovery interviews, and end user service engagements. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Coll Business, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP McKinney, EH (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Coll Business, 324 BA, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. EM emckinn@cba.bgsu.edu RI Barker, James/A-1448-2008 NR 101 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7206 J9 INFORM MANAGE-AMSTER JI Inf. Manage. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1043 EP 1056 DI 10.1016/j.im.2003.10.006 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA 854CV UT WOS:000223879000008 ER PT J AU Jovanovic, VD Ikonic, Z Indjin, D Harrison, P Soref, RA AF Jovanovic, VD Ikonic, Z Indjin, D Harrison, P Soref, RA TI Designs for lambda=1.55 mu m GaN-based intersubband laser active region SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE GaN; intersubband laser; near-infrared ID QUANTUM-CASCADE LASERS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; WELLS; ABSORPTION; SIMULATION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES; WAVELENGTH; RELAXATION; MODULATION AB A systematic design of a GaN/AlGaN active region for a three-level intersubband laser emitting in the near-infrared is presented. The proposed system is based on a double coupled quantum well structure with the laser level energy separation corresponding to 1.55 mum (DeltaE(32) similar to 800 meV), a wavelength important for optical communications. The lower laser level depopulates mostly via longitudinal optical phonon resonance, requiring DeltaE(21) similar to 90 meV. The model for scattering rate calculations, including many-body carrier screening effects, was first tested by comparison with recent experimental measurements in GaN/AlGaN quantum wells, and a very good agreement was obtained. It was then employed to calculate the gain coefficient, a commonly used figure of merit for three level laser systems, and this in turn allowed the optimal structural parameters of GaN/AlGaN quantum well to be found. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Inst Microwaves & Photon, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. USAF, Res Lab, SNHCAFRL, Sensor Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Jovanovic, VD (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Inst Microwaves & Photon, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM eenvj@leeds.ac.uk NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA TOYOKAIJI BLDG NO. 12, 6-9-6 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 43 IS 11A BP 7444 EP 7447 DI 10.1143/JJAP.43.7444 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 877PH UT WOS:000225582000015 ER PT J AU Beran, PS Khot, NS Eastep, FE Snyder, RD Zweber, JV AF Beran, PS Khot, NS Eastep, FE Snyder, RD Zweber, JV TI Numerical analysis of store-induced limit-cycle oscillation SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID AEROELASTIC ANALYSIS; EXTERNAL STORES; ALGORITHM; FIGHTER; FLUTTER; FLOW AB Store-induced limit-cycle oscillation of a rectangular wing with tip store in transonic flow is simulated using a variety of mathematical models for the flowfield: transonic small-disturbance theory (with and without inclusion of store aerodynamics) and transonic small-disturbance theory with interactive boundary layer (without inclusion of store aerodynamics). For the conditions investigated, assuming inviscid flow, limit-cycle oscillations are observed to occur as a result of a weakly subcritical Hopf bifurcation and are obtained at speeds lower than those predicted 1) nonlinearly for clean-wing flutter and 2) linearly for wing/store flutter. The ability of transonic small-disturbance theory, to predict the occurrence and strength of this type of limit-cycle oscillation is compared for the different models. Differences in unmatched and matched aeroelastic analysis are described. Solutions computed for the clean rectangular wing are compared to those computed with the Euler equations for a case of static aeroelastic behavior and for a case of forced, rigid-wing oscillation at Mach 0.92. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beran, PS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil; franklin.eastep@wpafb.af.mil; richard.snyder@wpafb.af.mil; jeffrey.zweber@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1315 EP 1326 DI 10.2514/1.404 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 888FY UT WOS:000226360800007 ER PT J AU Siegel, S McLaughlin, TE Albertson, JA AF Siegel, S McLaughlin, TE Albertson, JA TI Particle image velocimetry measurements on a delta wing with periodic forcing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 18th Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY AUG 14-17, 2000 CL DENVER, CO SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID DISCRETE VORTICES; EXCITATION AB The mechanism by which periodic blowing and suction improves lift and increases stall angle of a 70-deg sweep delta wing is investigated in water tunnel experiments using particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Periodic sinusoidal blowing and suction with zero net mass flux is applied at the leading edge of the wing, normal to the edge and in the plane of the wing. The experiments were conducted at a root chord Reynolds number of 4 x 10(4). Other parameters were an angle of attack of 35 deg, a forcing frequency of F+ = 1.75 and a momentum coefficient c(mu) of 0.004. The two main vortices that dominate the unforced flowfield are stationary without forcing. With forcing, however, the vortex centers travel both in spanwise and wing normal directions along an elliptic path. The streamwise location of the vortex breakdown is not changed as determined by measurements of the streamwise vorticity component. Instead, the forcing increases the axial velocity downstream of the vortex breakdown location, thus decreasing surface pressure and increasing normal force. This effect is attributed to the formation of a shear layer vortex during the blowing cycle, which carries high momentum fluid into the wake left downstream of the main vortex breakdown. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Siegel, S (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1393 EP 1403 DI 10.2514/1.4236 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 888FY UT WOS:000226360800016 ER PT J AU Pino, R Ko, Y Dutta, PS Guha, S Gonzalez, LP AF Pino, R Ko, Y Dutta, PS Guha, S Gonzalez, LP TI Burstein-Moss shift in impurity-compensated bulk Ga1-xInxSb substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GASB; ALLOYS; MELT AB The optical and electrical properties of tellurium- (Te) compensated Ga1-xInxSb bulk crystals with alloy compositions ranging from x=0.37 to x=0.98 have been investigated. It has been observed that the Burstein-Moss shift plays an important role in the optical properties of Ga1-xInxSb crystals for the alloy compositions greater than x=0.5 and net donor concentrations in the 2.9x10(17) to 2.6x10(18) cm(-3) range at 300 K. A good agreement has been obtained between the theory and experimental observations. Furthermore, electrical characterizations at 300 and 77 K show that Te compensates the native defects in Ga1-xInxSb, irrespective of the alloy composition. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Dutta, PS (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Integrated Elect, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM duttap@rpi.edu NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 9 BP 5349 EP 5352 DI 10.1063/1.1796538 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UQ UT WOS:000224799300097 ER PT J AU McDaniel, GY Fenstermaker, ST Lampert, WV Holloway, PH AF McDaniel, GY Fenstermaker, ST Lampert, WV Holloway, PH TI Rhenium ohmic contacts on 6H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICIDE THIN-FILMS; SCHOTTKY CONTACTS; CARBIDE; RE; SILICON(111); RESISTIVITY; ELECTRONICS; INTERFACES; STABILITY; NITRIDE AB Rhenium (Re) thin-film contacts (100-nm thick) were deposited on carbon-rich, nominally stoichiometric, and silicon-rich 6H-SiC surfaces, which were moderately doped with nitrogen (1.28x10(18) cm(-3)). Morphology (Dektak), phase formation (x-ray diffraction), chemistry (Auger electron spectroscopy), and electrical properties (I-V) were characterized for the as-deposited and annealed (120 min, 1000 degreesC, vacuum <1x10(-6) Torr) contacts. As-deposited films were nonohmic. Films grown on carbon-rich surfaces were nonspecular, granular, and often delaminated during characterization. At room temperature in air, the Re films on stoichiometric SiC remained optically specular reflecting for 3 h, but then became hazy from oxidation. The Re films on silicon-rich surfaces, stored in air at room temperature, resisted ex situ oxidation for approximately 24 h. The annealed samples remained specular without visible signs of oxidation. The annealing resulted in a reduction in surface roughness for all the films regardless of substrate chemistry. The phase separation between carbon and rhenium was observed based on the formation of interfacial Re clusters and a similar to10-nm graphite surface layer after annealing. Auger data showed that Si layers (5-10 nm) deposited to create Si-rich surfaces were partially consumed to form rhenium silicide during annealing, and the sharp Re/Si/SiC interface became more diffused with Re detected similar to50 nm deeper into the structure. The annealing of Re films on moderately doped (1.28x10(18) cm(-3)) SiC resulted in ohmic contacts with an average specific contact resistance of 7.0x10(-5) Omega cm(2) for stoichiometric and 1.6x10(-5) Omega cm(2) for silicon-rich samples. The annealed contacts on carbon-rich surfaces remained rectifying. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDaniel, GY (reprint author), ENSCO Inc, GeoSyst Solut Div, Melbourne, FL 32940 USA. EM mcdaniel.gavin@ensco.com NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 9 BP 5357 EP 5364 DI 10.1063/1.1797550 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UQ UT WOS:000224799300099 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F AF Szmulowicz, F TI Analytic, graphical, and geometric solutions for the band edges of one-dimensional photonic band gap materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE-FUNCTION APPROXIMATION; SECULAR EQUATION; SUPERLATTICES AB The conditions for the band gap edges of one-dimensional photonic band gap (PBG) materials are presented in forms that lead to alternate analytic, graphical, and geometric solutions and interpretations. Heretofore unavailable analytical conditions for the band edges of quarter wave/half wave and eighth wave/half wave PBG structures are derived. The graphical solution has the form of an intersection of an invariant (material dependent) figure with a straight (structure dependent) line, a convenient separation not possible with the Kronig-Penney (KP) equation. The geometric solution is represented by the sides and angles of simple triangles. The present formalism should help in visualizing the PBG band gap formation beyond the view offered by the KP equation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 9 BP 5376 EP 5378 DI 10.1063/1.1803626 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UQ UT WOS:000224799300103 ER PT J AU de La Beaujardiere, O AF de La Beaujardiere, O CA CNOFS Science Definition Team TI C/NOFS: a mission to forecast scintillations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Jicamarca 40th Anniversary Workshop CY MAY, 2002 CL Jicamarca, PERU DE equatorial ionosphere; scintillation; space weather; plasma instabilities ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; BOTTOMSIDE SINUSOIDAL IRREGULARITIES; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; PLASMA BUBBLES; PREREVERSAL ENHANCEMENT; PEDERSEN CONDUCTIVITY; GRAVITY-WAVES; IONOSPHERE; REGION AB This article describes the science to be pursued during the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) Mission of the Air Force Research Laboratory. The primary purpose of C/NOFS is to forecast the presence of ionospheric irregularities that adversely impact communication and navigation systems. A satellite, scheduled for launch in May 2005 into a low inclination (13degrees), elliptical (similar to 375 x 710 km) orbit, is the most significant component of the C/NOFS program. Complementary ground-based measurements are also critical to the success of the mission. C/NOFS science objectives may be organized into three categories: (1) to understand physical processes active in the background ionosphere and thermosphere in which plasma instabilities grow; (2) to identify mechanisms that trigger or quench the plasma irregularities responsible for signal degradation; and (3) to determine how the plasma irregularities affect the propagation of electro-magnetic waves. C/NOFS is the first satellite solely dedicated to forecasting ionospheric irregularities and radio wave scintillations. It will be equipped with sensors that measure the following parameters: ambient and fluctuating electron densities; ion and electron temperatures; AC and DC electric fields; magnetic fields; neutral winds; ionospheric scintillations; and electron content along the lines of sight between C/NOFS and the Global Positioning System (GPS). Thus, the sensor suite on C/NOFS is richer than on any previously flown equatorial satellite. A broad range of ground-based measurements will complement the space data. In addition, data from several other satellites and rocket experiments will augment the C/ NOFS observations. Several campaigns are planned to validate operational forecasts, acquire data to achieve the science goals, and test the theoretical models. We anticipate that by the end of the C/NOFS mission, our understanding of the physics controlling the equatorial ionosphere will have advanced to the point that we will be able to nowcast and forecast the formation of ionospheric irregularities to a high degree of accuracy. However, this is not an easy task because a 2-6 h forecast is required, as well as an extended prediction-a three-day "outlook". Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP de La Beaujardiere, O (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 63 TC 136 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 66 IS 17 BP 1573 EP 1591 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.07.030 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870IO UT WOS:000225051000007 ER PT J AU Roach, WP Cain, CP Narayan, DG Noojin, GD Boppart, SA Birngruber, R Fujimoto, JG Toth, CA AF Roach, WP Cain, CP Narayan, DG Noojin, GD Boppart, SA Birngruber, R Fujimoto, JG Toth, CA TI Retinal response of Macaca mulatta to picosecond laser pulses of varying energy and spot size SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE histopathology; laser; laser-tissue interaction; ophthalmology; optical coherence tomography; retina; ultrashort laser pulses; wound healing ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN THRESHOLDS; OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; 1ST-ORDER MODEL; LESIONS; DAMAGE; COMPUTATION; INJURY AB We investigate the relationship between the laser beam at the retina (spot size) and the extent of retinal injury from single ultrashort laser pulses. From previous studies it is believed that the retinal effect of single 3-ps laser pulses should vary in extent and location, depending on the occurrence of laser-induced breakdown (LIB) at the site of laser delivery. Single 3-ps pulses of 580-nm laser energy are delivered over a range of spot sizes to the retina of Macaca mulatta. The retinal response is captured sequentially with optical coherence tomography (OCT). The in vivo OCT images and the extent of pathology on final microscopic sections of the laser site are compared. With delivery of a laser pulse with peak irradiance greater than that required for LIB, OCT and light micrographs demonstrate inner retinal injury with many intraretinal and/or vitreous hemorrhages. In contrast, broad outer retinal injury with minimal to no choriocapillaris effect is seen after delivery of laser pulses to a larger retinal area (60 to 300 mum diam) when peak irradiance is less than that required for LIB. The broader lesions extend into the inner retina when higher energy delivery produces intraretinal injury. Microscopic examination of stained fixed tissues provide better resolution of retinal morphology than OCT. OCT provides less resolution but could be guided over an in vivo, visible retinal lesion for repeated sampling over time during the evolution of the lesion formation. For 3-ps visible wavelength laser pulses, varying the spot size and laser energy directly affects the extent of retinal injury. This again is believed to be partly due to the onset of LIB, as seen in previous studies. Spot-size dependence should be considered when comparing studies of retinal effects or when pursuing a specific retinal effect from ultrashort laser pulses. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectivness Directorate, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78253 USA. Northrup Grumman Corp, Div Informat Technol, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Med Laserzentrum Lubeck, D-23562 Lubeck, Germany. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Roach, WP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bldg 803,HEDO,2650 Louis Bauer Dr, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM william.roach@brooks.af.mil RI Boppart, Stephen/C-7338-2009; toth, cynthia/F-5614-2011; Birngruber, Reginald/Q-2342-2016 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1288 EP 1296 DI 10.1117/1.1805554 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 879DU UT WOS:000225697400023 PM 15568950 ER PT J AU Schierman, JD Ward, DG Hull, JR Gandhi, N Oppenheimer, MW Doman, DB AF Schierman, JD Ward, DG Hull, JR Gandhi, N Oppenheimer, MW Doman, DB TI Integrated adaptive guidance and control for re-entry vehicles with flight-test results SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID TRAJECTORIES AB To enable autonomous operation of future reusable launch vehicles, reconfiguration technologies will be needed to facilitate mission recovery following a major anomalous event. The Air Force's Integrated Adaptive Guidance and Control program developed such a system for Boeing's X-40A, and the total in-flight simulator research aircraft was employed to flight test the algorithms during approach and landing. The inner loop employs a modelfollowing/dynamic-inversion approach with optimal control allocation to account for control-surface failures. Further, the reference-model bandwidth is reduced if the control authority in any one axis is depleted as a result of control effector saturation. A backstepping approach is utilized for the guidance law, with proportional feedback gains that adapt to changes in the reference model bandwidth. The trajectory-reshaping algorithm is known as the optimum-path-to-go methodology. Here, a trajectory database is precomputed off line to cover all variations under consideration. An efficient representation of this database is then interrogated in flight to rapidly find the "best" reshaped trajectory, based on the current state of the vehicle's control capabilities. The main goal of the flight-test program was to demonstrate the benefits of integrating trajectory reshaping with the essential elements of control reconfiguration and guidance adaptation. The results indicate that for more severe, multiple control failures, control reconfiguration, guidance adaptation, and trajectory reshaping are all needed to recover the mission. C1 Barron Assoc Inc, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schierman, JD (reprint author), Barron Assoc Inc, 1410 Sachem Pl,Suite 202, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. EM schierman@bainet.com; ward@bainet.com; hull@bainet.com; gandhi@bainct.com; Michael.Oppenheimer@wpafb.af.mil; David.Doman@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 6 BP 975 EP 988 DI 10.2514/1.10344 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 871QP UT WOS:000225148700007 ER PT J AU Bolender, MA Doman, DB AF Bolender, MA Doman, DB TI Nonlinear control allocation using piecewise linear functions SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance Navigation and Control Conference CY AUG 11-14, 2003 CL Austin, TX SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID CONSTRAINED CONTROL ALLOCATION AB A novel method is presented for the solution of the control allocation problem where the control variable rates or moments are nonlinear functions of control position. Historically, control allocation has been performed under the assumption that a linear relationship exists between the control induced moments and the control effector displacements. However, aerodynamic databases are discrete valued and almost always stored in multidimensional lookup tables, where it is assumed that the data are connected by piecewise linear functions. The approach that is presented utilizes this piecewise linear assumption for the control effector moment data. This assumption allows the control allocation problem to be cast as a piecewise linear program that can account for nonlinearities in the moment/effector relationships, as well as to enforce position constraints on the effectors. The piecewise linear program is then recast as a mixed-integer linear program. It is shown that this formulation accurately solves the control allocation problem when compared to the aerodynamic model. It is shown that the control effector commands for a reentry vehicle by the use of the piecewise linear control allocation method are markedly improved when compared to the performance of more traditional control allocation approaches that use a linear relationship between the control moments and the effectors. The technique is also applied to determine those flight conditions (angle of attack and Mach number) at which the reentry vehicle can be trimmed for the purpose of providing constraint estimates to trajectory reshaping algorithms. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Control Theory & Optimizat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bolender, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Theory & Optimizat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1017 EP 1027 DI 10.2514/1.9546 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 871QP UT WOS:000225148700011 ER PT J AU Padmawar, PA Canteenwala, T Verma, S Tan, LS Chiang, LY AF Padmawar, PA Canteenwala, T Verma, S Tan, LS Chiang, LY TI Synthesis and photophysical properties of C-60-diphenylaminofluorene dyad and multiads SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Technical Symposium in Honor of Sukanti K Tripathy CY DEC 05, 2003 CL Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA HO Univ Massachusetts DE C-60; diphenylaminofluorene; dyad; multiads; electron transfer ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CHARGE SEPARATION; PORPHYRIN; FULLERENES; C-60; DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE; CHROMOPHORES; HYBRID; TRIAD; STATE AB One mono-adduct and three novel multi-adduct analogs of C-60-diphenylaminofluorene C-60(>DPAF)(n) derivatives were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic methods. Optical absorption of these samples indicated a systematic increase in relative intensity of the fluorene band centered at 415 nm as the number of DPAF addend increases. Fluorescence of DPAF chromophore in all C-60(>DPAF)(n) derivatives 4 (n = 1), 5 (n = 2), 6 (n = 3), and 7 (n = 4) in o-dichlorobenzene and chloroform was found to be efficiently quenched as the direct covalent bond attachment of DPAF moieties to the fullerene cage facilitates efficient intramolecular electron or energy transfer processes. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, Polymer Branch,MLBP, Dayton, OH USA. RP Chiang, LY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA USA. EM long_chiang@uml.edu RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PD NOV PY 2004 VL A41 IS 12 BP 1387 EP 1400 DI 10.1081/MA-200035292 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 878AU UT WOS:000225619700007 ER PT J AU Hughes, DH AF Hughes, DH TI Instantaneous frequency and its instantaneous deviation SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 04-08, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT ID MEDIA AB Using statistical language, the instantaneous frequency of a deterministic signal, such as an electromagnetic pulse collected at a point in space, is a location function and its deviation is a shape function. The former is better defined than the latter, which can be computed an infinity of different ways, some of which can exhibit pathologies. Some deviations can become pure imaginary in some regions of the time-frequency phase space. The instantaneous frequency of the analytic signal, too, suffers its own pathologies. It can go negative when two or more distinct signals are analysed as a single signal. This paper briefly discusses a limited treatment of the instantaneous frequency and its deviation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Ctr Integrated Transmiss & Exploitat, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM hughesd@rl.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 EI 1362-3044 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 16-18 SI SI BP 2693 EP 2701 DI 10.1080/09500340408231828 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 885MI UT WOS:000226160700036 ER PT J AU Whitman, JA Fritz, JA Childs, MJD AF Whitman, JA Fritz, JA Childs, MJD TI The influence of experience and specialty certifications on clinical outcomes for patients with low back pain treated within a standardized physical management program therapy SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE experience; expertise; low back pain manipulation; stabilization ID FEAR-AVOIDANCE BELIEFS; SPINAL MANIPULATION; GENERAL-PRACTICE; MANUAL THERAPY; STABILIZING EXERCISE; TREATMENT CHOICES; EXPERT PRACTICE; PRIMARY-CARE; MOBILIZATION; DISABILITY AB Study Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Objectives: To examine the influence of experience and specialty certification on outcomes for patients with low back pain receiving a standardized manipulation or stabilization exercise intervention program. Background: Little research has examined the impact of therapist-related factors on the outcomes of clinical care for patients with low back pain. It is assumed that therapists with more clinical experience or specialty certification will achieve better clinical outcomes; however, few studies have examined this hypothesis. Methods and Measures: One hundred thirty-one participants it) a randomized trial were included (70 randomized to receive manipulation, 61 stabilization). All subjects completed an Oswestry Disability Questionnaire at baseline, and after 1 and 4 weeks of treatment. Therapists were categorized based on total years of experience, years of experience with manual therapy, and specialty certification status, Two-way repeated-measures analyses of covariance were performed within each intervention group to examine the effects of the therapist characteristics on outcomes. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to examine the relative effects of therapist characteristics and intervention on clinical outcomes. Results: Thirteen therapists participated (average 6.0 years of experience [standard deviation, 4.0], 4 (30.8%) with specialty certification). A significant interaction between time and specialty certification status (P = .04) was detected for subjects receiving the manipulation intervention. No significant interactions were detected in the stabilization group. The regression models found that the intervention group significantly contributed to explaining clinical outcomes, but that therapist characteristics did not. Conclusions: With the standardized protocol utilized in this study, it appears that the therapist-related factors of increased experience and specialty certification status do not result in an improvement in patients' disability associated with low back pain. C1 Regis Univ, Rueckert Hartman Sch Hlth Profess, Denver, CO 80221 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys Therapy, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Intermt Hlth Care, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Postprofessional Doctoral Program Orthopaed & Man, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Whitman, JA (reprint author), Regis Univ, Rueckert Hartman Sch Hlth Profess, Mail Code G-9,3333 Regis Blvd, Denver, CO 80221 USA. NR 53 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 662 EP 672 PG 11 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 872FQ UT WOS:000225193500002 PM 15609487 ER PT J AU Fritz, JM Whitman, JM Childs, JD AF Fritz, JM Whitman, JM Childs, JD TI The influence of experience and specialty certifications on clinical outcomes for patients with low back pain treated within a standardized physical management program therapy - Invited commentary - Authors' response SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Regis Univ, Denver, CO USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Fritz, JM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 674 EP 675 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 872FQ UT WOS:000225193500004 ER PT J AU Childs, MJD Fritz, JM Piva, SR Whitman, JA AF Childs, MJD Fritz, JM Piva, SR Whitman, JA TI Proposal of a classification system for patients with neck pain SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Review DE conservative treatment; decision making; diagnosis; neck pain; staging ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; WHIPLASH-ASSOCIATED DISORDERS; C-SPINE RULE; INTERMITTENT CERVICAL TRACTION; FEAR-AVOIDANCE BELIEFS; TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE; OF-THE-LITERATURE; PHYSICAL-THERAPY; CENTRALIZATION PHENOMENON AB It is likely that patients with neck pain are not a homogeneous group, but, instead, consist of a variety of subgroups, each of which may benefit from a specific intervention matched to the patient's signs and symptoms. Studies to date have largely failed to account for this possibility, which may compromise the statistical power of research and ultimately fail to provide guidance for clinical decision making. Classification provides a means of breaking down a larger entity into more homogeneous subgroups of patients, based on examination data. Classification can guide the determination of a patient's prognosis, and the selection of the most appropriate intervention strategy. Classification has received considerable attention in the management of patients with low back pain, and evidence is emerging regarding its benefits. There has been considerably less effort made towards examining classification as it pertains to patients with neck pain. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to examine the current literature and to propose a classification system for patients with neck pain, based on the overall goal of treatment. The approach is based on published evidence when possible and is also informed by clinical experience and expert opinion. Classification decisions are based on the integration of data from a variety of information from the history and physical examination. The end result of the classification process is to determine the treatment approach believed to be most likely to maximize the clinical outcome for an individual patient with neck pain. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys Therapy, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Intermt Hlth Care, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Childs, MJD (reprint author), 508 Thurber Dr, Schertz, TX 78154 USA. EM childsjd@sbcglobal.net NR 104 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 686 EP 696 PG 11 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 872FQ UT WOS:000225193500006 ER PT J AU Childs, MJD AF Childs, MJD TI Proposal of a classification system for patients with neck pain - Invited commentary - Authors' response SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WHIPLASH-ASSOCIATED DISORDERS; LOW-BACK-PAIN; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; INTERVENTION; MANAGEMENT; FEAR C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Childs, MJD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 699 EP 700 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 872FQ UT WOS:000225193500008 ER PT J AU Browder, DA Erhard, RE Piva, SR AF Browder, DA Erhard, RE Piva, SR TI Intermittent cervical traction and thoracic manipulation for management of mild cervical compressive myelopathy attributed to cervical herniated disc: A case series SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE conservative; Hoffmann's reflex; mechanical traction; spinal cord impingement; upper motor neuron ID NECK-SHOULDER PAIN; CERVICOTHORACIC MOTION SEGMENT; SPONDYLOTIC MYELOPATHY; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; NATURAL-HISTORY; SPINAL TRACTION; RADICULOPATHY; MOBILITY; BACK AB Study Design: Case series. Objective: To describe the management of 7 patients with grade 1 cervical compressive myelopathy attributed to herniated disc using intermittent cervical traction and manipulation of the thoracic spine. Background: Intermittent cervical traction has been indicated for the treatment of patients with herniated disc and has been Suggested to be helpful for patients with cervical compressive myelopathy. Manipulation of the thoracic spine has been utilized to safely improve active range of motion and decrease pain in patients with neck pain. Methods and Measures: Seven women with neck pain, 35 to 45 years of age, were identified as having signs and symptoms consistent with grade 1 cervical compressive myelopathy. Symptom duration ranged from less than 1 week to 52 weeks. All patients were treated with intermittent cervical traction and thoracic manipulation for a median of 9 sessions (range, 2-12 sessions) over a median of 56 days (range, 14-146 clays). Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Functional Rating index scores served as the primary outcome measures. Results: The median decrease in pain scores was 5 (range, 2-8) from a baseline of 6 (range, 4-8) and median improvement in Functional Rating Index scores was 26% (range, 10%-50%) from a baseline of 44% (range, 35%-71%). Dizziness was eliminated in 3 out of 4 patients and chronic headache symptoms were improved in 3 out of 3 patients. There were no adverse events or outcomes. Conclusions: Intermittent cervical traction and manipulation of the thoracic spine seem useful for the reduction of pain scores and level of disability in patients with mild cervical compressive myelopathy attributed to herniated disc. A thorough neurological screening exam is recommended prior to mechanical treatment of the cervical spine. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr Hlth Syst, Spine Specialty Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Browder, DA (reprint author), 3604 Augusta Glade, Schertz, TX 78154 USA. EM atexanpt@earthlink.net NR 51 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 701 EP 712 PG 12 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 872FQ UT WOS:000225193500009 PM 15609490 ER PT J AU Young, B Walker, MJ Strunce, J Boyles, R AF Young, B Walker, MJ Strunce, J Boyles, R TI A combined treatment approach emphasizing impairment-based manual physical therapy for plantar heel pain: A case series SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE ankle; manipulation; mobilization; plantar fasciitis ID ANKLE INVERSION SPRAINS; LOW-BACK-PAIN; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; VISUAL ANALOG; FASCIITIS; DIAGNOSIS; EXERCISE; MOTION; RANGE AB Study Design: Case series. Objective: To describe an impairment-based physical therapy treatment approach for 4 patients with plantar heel pain. Background: There is limited evidence from clinical trials on which to base treatment decision making for plantar heel pain. Methods and Measures: Four patients completed a course of physical therapy based on an impairment-based model. All patients received manual physical therapy and stretching. Two patients were also treated with custom orthoses, and I patient received an additional strengthening program. Outcome measures included a numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and self-reported functional status. Results: Symptom duration ranged from 6 to 52 weeks (mean duration +/- SD, 33 +/- 19 weeks). Treatment duration ranged from 8 to 49 days (mean duration +/- SD, 23 +/- 18 days), with number of treatment sessions ranging from 2 to 7 (mode, 3). All 4 patients reported a decrease in NPRS scores from an average (+/-SD) of 5.8 +/- 2.2 to 0 (out of 10) during previously painful activities. Additionally, all patients returned to prior activity levels. Conclusion: In this case series, patients with plantar heel pain treated with an impairment-based physical therapy approach emphasizing manual therapy demonstrated complete pain relief and full return to activities, Further research is necessary to determine the effectiveness of impairment-based physical therapy interventions for patients with plantar heel pain/plantar fasciitis. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Phys Therapy Dept, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Gen Leonard Wood Army Community Hosp, Ft Leonard Wood, MO USA. Chinle Comprehens Hlth Care, Chinle, AZ USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Young, B (reprint author), 6709 Pk Haven Dr, San Antonio, TX 78244 USA. EM brian.young@lackland.af.mil NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 34 IS 11 BP 725 EP 733 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 872FQ UT WOS:000225193500012 PM 15609492 ER PT J AU Lach-Hab, M Akdim, B Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ Bernstein, N AF Lach-Hab, M Akdim, B Papaconstantopoulos, DA Mehl, MJ Bernstein, N TI Application of the NRL tight-binding method to the heavy elements Pb and Po SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE elastic properties; electronic structure; equations-of-state; mechanical properties; phonons; thermal expansion ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METALS; NOBLE-METALS; CONSTANTS; LEAD AB We have applied the NRL tight-binding (TB) method to study the mechanical and electronic properties of the heavy elements Pb and Po. The predicted properties include ground-state structure, electronic band structure and elastic moduli. Phonon-dispersion curves at T = 0 K were also determined. As demonstrated in this paper, the results are in good agreement with the full potential linearized augmented plane wave calculations and the available experimental data. In addition, we performed molecular-dynamics simulations to obtain various temperature-dependent quantities of Pb such as the atomic mean-square displacement, Debye-Waller factor and thermal expansion coefficient. With our TB we have also calculated the vacancy formation energy of Pb. Finally, we report on the effects of spin-orbit coupling, through our TB scheme, on electronic structure and energetic properties. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lachhab@dave.nrl.navy.mil RI Mehl, Michael/H-8814-2016 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2004 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1837 EP 1842 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2004.06.020 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 864JR UT WOS:000224630300012 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM Weber, WP AF Mabry, JM Weber, WP TI Synthesis and thermal crosslinking of benzophenone-modified poly(dimethylsiloxane)s SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE crosslinking; polysiloxanes; chemically modified ID CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS; CONDENSATION; TRANSITION; STABILITY; COMPLEXES; MONOMERS; SALT AB Dihydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium catalyzes the regio-specific anti-Markovnikov addition of an ortho C-H bond of benzophenone across the C-C double bonds of alpha,omega-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)copoly(dimethylsiloxane/vinylmethylsiloxane) (99:1), alpha,omega-bis(vinyldimethylsilyloxy)poly(dimethylsiloxane), and 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane to yield alpha,omega-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)copoly(dimethylsiloxane/2-(2'-benzophenonyl)ethylmethylsiloxane]), alpha,omega-bis[2-(2'-benzophenonyl)ethyldimethylsilyloxylpoly(dimethylsiloxane), and 1,3-bis[2-(2'-benzophenonyl)ethyl]tetramethyldisiloxane, respectively. These materials have been characterized with H-1, C-13, and Si-29 NMR and IR spectroscopy. Their molecular weight distributions have been determined by gel permeation chromatography. The thermal stability of the polymers has been measured by thermogravimetric analysis, and their glass-transition temperatures (T-g's) have been determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The molecular weight distribution, thermal stability, and T-g's of the modified polysiloxanes are similar to those of the precursor polymers. The molecular weights of these materials can be significantly increased via heating to 300 degreesC for 1 h. This may be due to crosslinking, by pyrocondensation, of pendant anthracene groups, which are produced by the pyrolysis of the attached ortho-alkyl benzophenones. UV spectroscopy of the pyrolysate of 1,3-bis[2-(2'-benzophenonyl)ethyl]tetramethyldisiloxane has confirmed the presence of pendant anthracene groups. Thermal crosslinking by the pyrocondensation of pendant anthracene groups has been verified by the pyrolysis of alpha,omega-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)copoly[dimethylsiloxane/2-(9'-anthracenyl)ethylmethylsiloxane] (97:3). (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, KB & DP Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. ERC Inc, USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Weber, WP (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, KB & DP Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM wpweber@use.edu NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 21 BP 5514 EP 5522 DI 10.1002/pola.20410 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 863OC UT WOS:000224570300017 ER PT J AU Chen, CG Tolle, TB AF Chen, CG Tolle, TB TI Fully exfoliated layered silicate epoxy nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE exfoliated; epoxy; layered silicate; nanocomposites; clay; TEM; SAXS ID CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; MONTMORILLONITE; MORPHOLOGY; RESINS AB Fully exfoliated layered silicate epoxy nanocomposites are reported in this article. The processing route that resulted in these fully exfoliated layered silicate epoxies is based on a combination of high-shear mixing in the presence of acetone and ultrasonication. Homomogeneous and random dispersion of the individual silicate nanolayers in the epoxy is confirmed through transmission electron microscopy images spanning low to high magnification as well as by X-ray diffraction. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, CG (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Chenggang.Chen@wpafb.af.mil NR 34 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 21 BP 3981 EP 3986 DI 10.1002/polb.20259 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 863OF UT WOS:000224570600014 ER PT J AU Keidar, M Boyd, ID Antonsen, E Spanjers, GG AF Keidar, M Boyd, ID Antonsen, E Spanjers, GG TI Electromagnetic effects in the near-field plume exhaust of a micro-pulsed-plasma thruster SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID HALL THRUSTER; DISCHARGE; MODEL; IONS AB A model is presented of the near-field plasma-plume of a pulsed plasma thruster (PPT). As a working example, a micro-PPT developed at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory is considered. This is a miniaturized design of the axisymmetric PPT with a thrust in the 10-mu N range that utilizes Teflon(TM) as a propellant. The plasma plume is simulated using a hybrid fluid-particle-in-cell direct simulation Monte Carlo approach. The plasma plume model is combined with Teflon ablation and plasma generation models that provide boundary conditions for the plume. This approach provides a consistent description of the plasma flow from the surface into the near plume. The magnetic field diffusion into the plume region is also considered, and plasma acceleration by the electromagnetic mechanism is studied. Teflon ablation and plasma generation analyses show that the Teflon surface temperature and plasma parameters are strongly nonuniform in the radial direction. The plasma density near the propellant surface peaks at about 10(24) m(-3), whereas the electron temperature peaks at about 4 eV near the electrodes. The plume simulation shows that a region with high density is developed at, a few millimeters from the thruster exit plane at the axis. This high-density region exists during the entire pulse, but the plasma density decreases from about 2 x 10(22) m(-3) at the beginning of the pulse down to 0.3 x 10(22) m(-3) at 5 mus. The velocity phase is centered at about 20 km/s in the axial direction. At later stages of the pulse, there are two ion populations with positive and negative radial velocity. Electron and neutral densities predicted by the plume model are compared with near-field measurements using a two-color interferometer, and good agreement is obtained. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp & Aeronaut, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Elect Prop Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 961 EP 969 DI 10.2514/1.8985 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 873WM UT WOS:000225312200001 ER PT J AU Keidar, M Boyd, ID Antonsen, EL Gulczinski, FS Spanjers, GG AF Keidar, M Boyd, ID Antonsen, EL Gulczinski, FS Spanjers, GG TI Propellant charring in pulsed plasma thrusters SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE; MODEL AB The Teflon(TM) ablation in a micro-pulsed plasma thruster is studied with the aim of understanding the charring phenomenon. Microscopic analysis of the charred areas shows that it contains mainly carbon. It is concluded that the carbon char is formed as a result of carbon flux returned from the plasma. A simplified model of the current layer near the Teflon surface is developed. The current density and the Teflon surface temperature have peaks near the electrodes that explain preferential ablation of these areas, such as was observed experimentally. Comparison of the temperature field and the ablation rate distribution with photographs of the Teflon surface shows that the area with minimum surface temperature and ablation rate corresponds to the charring area. This finding suggests that the charring may be related to a temperature effect. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp & Aeronaut, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Elect Prop Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM keidar@engin.unich.edu NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 978 EP 984 DI 10.2514/1.2471 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 873WM UT WOS:000225312200003 ER PT J AU Beal, BE Gallimore, AD Haas, JM Hargus, WA AF Beal, BE Gallimore, AD Haas, JM Hargus, WA TI Plasma properties in the plume of a hall thruster cluster SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRIPLE PROBE AB The Hall thruster cluster is an attractive propulsion approach for spacecraft requiring very high-power electric propulsion systems. Plasma density, electron temperature, and plasma potential data collected with a combination of triple langmuir probes and floating emissive probes in the plume of a low-power, four-engine Hall thruster cluster are presented. Simple analytical formulas are introduced that allow these quantities to be predicted downstream of a cluster based solely on the known plume properties of a single thruster. C1 Univ Michigan, Plasmadynam & Elect Prop Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Beal, BE (reprint author), Aerojet Inc, POB 97009, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM brian.beal@rocket.com NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 985 EP 991 DI 10.2514/1.3765 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 873WM UT WOS:000225312200004 ER PT J AU Lethander, AT Thole, KA Zess, G Wagner, J AF Lethander, AT Thole, KA Zess, G Wagner, J TI Vane-endwall junction optimization to reduce turbine vane passage adiabatic wall temperatures SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID STATOR VANE; FLOWFIELD MEASUREMENTS; HEAT-TRANSFER; PART I; DESIGN; FLOW; FILLET AB Secondary flows in airfoil passages have become increasingly important in the design of modern gas turbines as a result of several fundamental trends in gas turbine engine development. Driven to achieve higher engine efficiencies and specific thrust output, the gas turbine industry is continually pushing the envelope of maximum allowable turbine inlet temperature. Whereas many researchers have worked to gain an understanding of secondary flows and their effects on turbine heat transfer, very few have pursued ways to mitigate passively their detrimental effects. Although considerable attention has been given to techniques of secondary flow reduction to minimize the associated aerodynamic losses, improvement of the thermal environment for a turbine vane is sought. In particular, this objective is achieved through optimizing a fillet in the vane-endwall junction to minimize adiabatic wall temperatures. The approach taken is to employ a commercial optimization software package in conjunction with a computational fluid dynamics package in the design of the fillet. Results indicate that significant reductions in adiabatic wall temperature can be achieved through application of an optimized fillet. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. United Technol Corp, Pratt & Whitney, Turbine Aerodynam Discipline Grp, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Lethander, AT (reprint author), USAF, Turbine Engine Div, Res Lab, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Andrew.Lethander@wpafb.af.mil; thole@vt.edu OI thole, karen/0000-0003-0795-8724 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1105 EP 1116 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 873WM UT WOS:000225312200018 ER PT J AU Budianto, IA Olds, JR AF Budianto, IA Olds, JR TI Design and deployment of a satellite constellation using collaborative optimization SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB A study of collaborative optimization as a systematic, multivariable, multidisciplinary method for the conceptual design of satellite constellations is presented. Collaborative optimization was selected because it is well suited to a team-oriented environment, such as often found in the constellation design process. The method provides extensive and formal exploration of the multidisciplinary design space and a scalable formulation of the problem without compromising its subsystems' flexibility or eliminating opportunities for collaboration. The feasibility and benefits of the collaborative optimization architecture are highlighted by the successful convergence of an application notional problem to design and deploy elements of a space-based infrared system that provides early missile warning. Furthermore, this study contributes to the existing knowledge of the collaborative optimization method by verifying the feasibility of nongradient optimization algorithms as both system and subsystem optimizers within the architecture. Finally, the demonstrated convergence of this problem, which involves integer variables, also demonstrates the flexibility of the architecture for handling mixed-discrete nonlinear multidisciplinary problems. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Space Syst Design Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Budianto, IA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 956 EP 963 DI 10.2514/1.14254 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 881ER UT WOS:000225846700008 ER PT J AU Hargus, WA Schilling, JH Walker, QE Cappelli, MA AF Hargus, WA Schilling, JH Walker, QE Cappelli, MA TI Arcjet plasma neutralization of Hall thrusters, Part 1: Hybrid thruster mission analysis SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB Clustering multiple thrusters has emerged as a favored option for extending Hall effect thruster propulsion to very high powers (100-150 kW). However, there are inherent difficulties in the simultaneous neutralization of several Hall effect thrusters. Chief among these is the issue of unequal current sharing among multiple cathodes. For this reason, it might prove advantageous to use a single, high current neutralizer. Conventional Hall effect thruster neutralizers, hollow cathodes, typically consume 10% of the propellant flow and produce little or no thrust. An arcjet is an electrothermal electric thruster with moderate efficiency and specific impulse ranges. It is. also a high plasma density device that is capable of supporting and amplifying electron current through volume ionization and is capable of neutralizing single or clusters of Hall effect thrusters. By using an arcjet as a neutralizer, Hall effect thrusters will also produce useful thrust from their neutralizers. Because of the arcjet's lower specific impulse, the hybrid arcjet-Hall system will have a lower specific impulse than that of a pure Hall effect system. However by choosing suitable propellants, the hybrid Hall cluster will retain the high thrust efficiencies typical of pure Hall effect systems with the added benefit of lower total wet mass for select missions caused by a higher system thrust density. This work examines the application of an arcjet-neutralized cluster of Hall effect thrusters for a low Earth orbit to geosynchronous orbit transfer. The analysis shows that hybrid Hall effect clusters neutralized by a single medium power arcjet are advantageous for some orbit raising missions. Helium arcjet neutralizers coupled with conventional xenon Hall effect anodes appear to be the superior configuration because of their relatively high efficiencies and low tankage fractions when compared to alternative propellant mixes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. LLC, WE Res, Rosamond, CA 93560 USA. Stanford Univ, Thermosci Div, Dept Engn Mech, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hargus, WA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM william.hargus@edwards.af.mil; schillin@spock.usc.edu; qwalker@stanford.edu; cap@stanford.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1016 EP 1022 DI 10.2514/1.3277 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 881ER UT WOS:000225846700014 ER PT J AU Walker, QE Gascon, N Cappelli, MA Hargus, WA Schilling, JA AF Walker, QE Gascon, N Cappelli, MA Hargus, WA Schilling, JA TI Arcjet neutralization of Hall thrusters, Part 2: Experimental demonstration SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA AB The use of an arcjet to provide electron current for a Hall thrusters is examined, as such a hybrid concept can fill a performance niche amongst available space propulsion options. We report on experiments that determine how much electron current can be drawn to a surrogate anode from the plume of low-power arcjets operating on hydrogen and helium and demonstrate the first successful operation of a low-power Hall thruster-arcjet neutralizer package. In the surrogate anode studies, we find that the drawing of current from the arcjet plume has only a weak effect on overall arcjet performance (thrust), with a slight decrease in arc voltage with increased extracted current. A single arcjet Hall thruster hybrid package was assembled for concept demonstration. When operating on helium with a nominal mass flow rate of 4.5 mg/s and at very low power levels (similar to70-120 W), the arcjet was able to effectively neutralize the similar to200-900-W xenon Hall thruster causing little measurable departure from the hollow-cathode neutralized Hall thruster I-V characteristics up to 250 V At higher helium mass flow rates, the Hall discharge current was slightly perturbed from its expected values, most likely because of the ingestion of helium in the chamber background. C1 Stanford Univ, Thermosci Div, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Spacecraft Prop Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. LLC, WE Res, Rosamond, CA 93560 USA. RP Walker, QE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Thermosci Div, Dept Mech Engn, Bldg 520, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM qwalker@stanford.edu; nicolas@navier.stanford.edu; cap@stanford.edu; william.hargus@edwards.af.mil; schillin@spock.usc.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1023 EP 1030 DI 10.2514/1.3280 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 881ER UT WOS:000225846700015 ER PT J AU Davis, MR Fitzpatrick, CM Dixon, PM Kashyap, VS AF Davis, MR Fitzpatrick, CM Dixon, PM Kashyap, VS TI Thrombus-induced endothelial dysfunction: Hemoglobin and fibrin decrease nitric oxide bioactivity without altering eNOS SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACUTE ARTERIAL THROMBOSIS; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; CELLS; THROMBOLYSIS; PROSTACYCLIN; INHIBITION; UROKINASE; SYNTHASE; GROWTH AB Background. Arterial thrombosis is associated with endothelial dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine which components of thrombus induce endothelial dysfunction and to determine their effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and expression. Materials and methods. Human aortic endothelial cells were grown to confluence. Group 1 consisted of control cells exposed to media. Group 2 was exposed to cellular components of thrombus, including erythrocytes (RBCs) (1.5, 3, and 6 X 10(4) cells/ml) and platelets (0.5, 1, and 2 x 10(5) platelets/ml). Group 3 was exposed to extracellular thrombus components, including hemoglobin (1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 g/dl), thrombin (0.4, 4.0, and 10.0 units/ml), and fibrin. The exposure time was 20 h. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured following exposure. Global cellular integrity was evaluated by MTS (3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) conversion. eNOS mRNA expression was measured using semiquantitative PCR and eNOS protein activity evaluated via a L-citrulline conversion assay. Studies were done in replicates of six and expressed as percentages of controls. Results. NO levels decreased following exposure to hemoglobin (1.25 g/dl = 59 +/- 5%, 2.5 g/dl = 38 +/- 3%, 5 gldl = 37 +/- 6%, P < 0.001). MTS metabolism was likewise suppressed (1.25 g/dl = 57 +/- 2%,2.5 g/dl = 55 +/- 3%, 5 g/dl = 44 +/- 6%, P < 0.001). Fibrin diminished NO levels (37 +/- 5%, P < 0.01) and MTS metabolism (49 +/- 5%, P < 0.01). RBCs and platelets had no effect on NO production or MTS metabolism (P > 0.05). Thrombin's effect was concentration dependent, inhibiting nitric oxide production at low doses while stimulating it at high doses (P < 0.01). All thrombin doses enhanced MTS metabolism (P < 0.05). eNOS activity was not altered by fibrin, thrombin, or hemoglobin exposure (P < 0.05). Moreover, eNOS mRNA expression was unaffected (P > 0.05). Conclusions. Intact cellular components of thrombus do not cause endothelial dysfunction in vitro. However, free hemoglobin and fibrin diminish NO bioactivity, likely via scavenging. Thrombin affects NO levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Neither eNOS expression nor eNOS activity is diminished, indicating that thrombus does not cause permanent changes in NO generation capability. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Kashyap, VS (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Vasc Surg, 9500 Euclid Ave,S-40, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM kashyav@ccf.org NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 122 IS 1 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2004.07.009 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 870GQ UT WOS:000225046000018 PM 15522324 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, CM Savage, SA Kerby, JD Clouse, WD Kashyap, VS AF Fitzpatrick, CM Savage, SA Kerby, JD Clouse, WD Kashyap, VS TI Resuscitation with a blood substitute causes vasoconstriction without nitric oxide scavenging in a model of arterial hemorrhage SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Academic-Surgery CY NOV 13-15, 2003 CL Sacramento, CA SP Assoc Acad Surg ID HUMAN POLYMERIZED HEMOGLOBIN; CROSS-LINKED HEMOGLOBIN; CELL-FREE HEMOGLOBIN; SYSTEMIC HEMODYNAMICS; OXYGEN CARRIERS; ACUTE TRAUMA; SURGERY; ENDOTHELIN; TRIAL; TRANSFUSION AB BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, HBOC-201 (Hemopure, Biopure Corp), alters endothelial function and nitric oxide physiology when used for hemorrhagic shock. STUDY DESIGN: Female swine (Sus scrofa) underwent catheterization of the femoral, circumflex iliac, and pulmonary arteries. Control animals (n = 3) underwent instrumentation only. Study animals underwent hemorrhage to mean arterial pressure of 30 +/- 5 mmHg, were maintained for 45 minutes, and resuscitated to the baseline mean arterial pressure for 4 hours. Resuscitation fluids included: shed blood (SB) (n = 8), lactated Ringers plus shed blood (LRSB) (n = 8), and HBOC (n = 8). At baseline, 1, and 4 hours after resuscitation, acetylcholine was infused into the proximal iliac artery and endothelial-dependent relaxation was measured with M-mode ultrasonography. Nitric oxide levels were determined using a chemiluminescent assay. RESULTS: HBOC, SB, and LRSB provided equivalent survival and resuscitation as measured by mean arterial pressures (65.3 +/- 2.48 mmHg); pulmonary artery mean pressures (15.8 +/- 0.84 mmHg); and lactate levels (1.22 +/- 0.19 mmol/L). HBOC group animals required the lowest resuscitation volume (SB, 41.5 +/- 3.5 mL/kg; LRSB, 76.4 +/- 1.1 mL/kg, HBOC, 14.6 +/- 2.1 mL/kg, p < 0.001). Response to acetylcholine was normal in the SB and LRSB groups, but the HBOC group had diminished acetylcholine response (29.5% endothelial-dependent relaxation end resuscitation, p < 0.001). Arterial nitric oxide levels did not differ between study groups (p = 0.69). CONCULSIONS: HBOC might be an alternative resuscitation agent in patients with hemorrhagic shock. Resuscitation with HBOC requires less volume than blood or crystalloid. These data suggest HBOC-201 has a vasoconstrictive effect that cannot be attributed soley to nitric oxide scavenging. ((C) 2004 by the American College of Surgeons). C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Vasc Surg, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Surg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Kashyap, VS (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Vasc Surg, S 40,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 199 IS 5 BP 693 EP 701 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.07.025 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 868TW UT WOS:000224936900004 PM 15501108 ER PT J AU Pawlak, DT Clothiaux, EE Modest, MF Cole, JNS AF Pawlak, DT Clothiaux, EE Modest, MF Cole, JNS TI Full-spectrum correlated-k distribution for shortwave atmospheric radiative transfer SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COOLING RATES; APPROXIMATION; SCATTERING; FLUXES AB The full-spectrum correlated k-distribution (FSCK) method, originally developed for applications in combustion systems, is adapted for use in shortwave atmospheric radiative transfer. By weighting k distributions by the solar source function, the FSCK method eliminates the requirement that the Planck function be constant over a spectral interval. As a consequence, integration may be carried out across the full spectrum as long as the assumption of correlation from one atmospheric level to the next remains valid. Problems with the lack of correlation across the full spectrum are removed by partitioning the spectrum at a wavelength of 0.68 m m into two bands. The resulting two-band approach in the FSCK formalism produces broadband rms clear-sky flux and heating rate errors less than 1% and 6%, respectively, relative to monochromatic calculations and requires only 15 quadrature points per layer, which represents a 60%-90% reduction in computation time relative to other models currently in use. An evaluation of fluxes calculated by the FSCK method in cases with idealized clouds demonstrates that gray cloud scattering in two spectral bands is sufficient to reproduce line-by-line generated fluxes. Two different approaches for modeling absorption by cloud drops were also examined. Explicitly including nongray cloud absorption in solar source function-weighted k distributions results in realistic in-cloud heating rates, although in-cloud heating rates were underpredicted by approximately 8%-12% as compared to line-by-line results. A gray cloud absorption parameter chosen to fit line-by-line results optimally for one cloud or atmospheric profile but applied to different cloud combinations or profiles, also closely approximated line-by-line heating rates. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Civilian Inst Grad Programs Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Clothiaux, EE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cloth@essc.psu.edu RI Modest, Michael/F-7679-2010 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 61 IS 21 BP 2588 EP 2601 DI 10.1175/JAS3285.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870ZR UT WOS:000225098700007 ER PT J AU Kang, BS Kim, S La Roche, JR Ren, F Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Moser, N Jenkins, T Sewell, J Via, D Crespo, A Dabiran, AM Chow, PP Osinsky, A Pearton, SJ AF Kang, BS Kim, S La Roche, JR Ren, F Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Moser, N Jenkins, T Sewell, J Via, D Crespo, A Dabiran, AM Chow, PP Osinsky, A Pearton, SJ TI Annealing temperature stability of Ir and Ni-based Ohmic contacts on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-STABILITY; GAN; RESISTANCE; TI/AL; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MICROSTRUCTURE; METALLIZATION; RESISTIVITY; HEMTS AB Ti/Al/Ir/Au Ohmic contacts on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) show promising electrical performance, with lower specific contact resistance than obtained with the more conventional Ti/Al/Ni/Au metallization. HEMTs with both types of metallization have been measured up to 550 degreesC. We find that the dc performance of devices with Ir-based contacts is significantly better at each temperature up to this maximum value. with higher transconductance (g(m)) saturated drain-source current (I-DSS), and more stable threshold voltage (Vth). These contacts look very promising for HEMT power amplifier applications involving high temperature operation. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SVT Associates, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 2635 EP 2639 DI 10.1116/1.1814111 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 889JR UT WOS:000226439800016 ER PT J AU Mair, EA AF Mair, EA TI Caution in using subglottic stents for Wegener's granulomatosis SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM eric.mair@lackland.af.mil NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD NOV PY 2004 VL 114 IS 11 BP 2060 EP 2061 DI 10.1097/00005537-200411000-00038 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 871DU UT WOS:000225110300038 PM 15510045 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Wagner, HD AF Vaia, Richard A. Wagner, H. Daniel TI Framework for nanocomposites SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article AB Materials and material development are fundamental to our very culture. We even ascribe major historical periods of our society to materials such as the stone age, bronze age, iron age, steel age (the industrial revolution), polymer age, silicon age, and silica age (the telecoms revolution). This reflects how important materials are to us. We have, and always will, strive to understand and modify the world around us and the stuff of which it is made. As the 21st century unfolds, it is becoming more apparent that the next technological frontiers will be opened not through a better understanding and application of a particular material, but rather by understanding and optimizing material combinations and their synergistic function, hence blurring the distinction between a material and a functional device comprised of distinct materials. C1 [Vaia, Richard A.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wagner, H. Daniel] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mat & Interfaces, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX We are very grateful for E. Manias for insightful discussions, L. Drummy for micrographs, and partial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. NR 0 TC 186 Z9 188 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 EI 1873-4103 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD NOV PY 2004 VL 7 IS 11 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00506-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V32DO UT WOS:000208932100030 ER PT J AU Wagner, HD Vaia, RA AF Wagner, H. Daniel Vaia, Richard A. TI Nanocomposites: issues at the interface SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), whether single-or multiwalled (SWNT or MWNT, respectively), have, in an unparalleled fashion, grabbed the attention of both researchers and business leaders within the polymer community. The vast potential afforded by the unprecedented combination of mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties within one nanoscale additive opens new vistas for commodity plastics, elastomers, adhesives, and coatings, as well as new specialty systems with never-before-realized combinations of material properties within a processible plastic or fiber(1-3). C1 [Wagner, H. Daniel] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mat & Interfaces, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wagner, HD (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mat & Interfaces, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM daniel.wagner@weizmann.ac.il FU (CNT) Thematic European network on 'Carbon Nanotubes for Future Industrial Composites' (EU); Minerva Foundation; G. M. J. Schmidt Minerva Centre of Supramolecular Architectures; Israeli Academy of Science FX Research is supported by the (CNT) Thematic European network on 'Carbon Nanotubes for Future Industrial Composites' (EU), the Minerva Foundation, the G. M. J. Schmidt Minerva Centre of Supramolecular Architectures, and by the Israeli Academy of Science. H. D. Wagner is the recipient of the Livio Norzi Professorial Chair in Materials Science at the Weizmann Institute. NR 13 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 EI 1873-4103 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD NOV PY 2004 VL 7 IS 11 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00507-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V32DO UT WOS:000208932100031 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, A Ray, AK Sharma, A AF Bandyopadhyay, A Ray, AK Sharma, A TI Micropatterning through reverse self-assembly using photolithographically produced templates SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; LITHOGRAPHY; MONOLAYERS; NANOWIRES; ZNO; DNA AB Selective self-assembly properties of the thio and methoxy functional groups are utilized to micropattern (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane molecules on a gold coated glass target starting with a nano-structured silicon grating template. Further modifications of the target surface are introduced by self-assembled monolayers of mercaptoacetic acid sodium salt molecules. The anisotropy in reflection properties is observed from the spectroscopic ellipsometric measurements in relation to the orientation of the plane of incidence. Conformations of spun adenine base and zinc oxide nanocomposite films on the gold substrate are found to depend upon its surface modifications due to the self-assembled monolayer. C1 Sheffield Hallam Univ, Sch Engn, Nanotechnol Res Labs, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England. Indian Assoc Cultivat Sci, Dept Solid State Phys, Kolkata 70032, India. Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sheffield Hallam Univ, Sch Engn, Nanotechnol Res Labs, Pond St,City Campus, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV PY 2004 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1603 EP 1608 AR PII S0957-4484(04)83219-7 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/15/11/039 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 876PK UT WOS:000225509200039 ER PT J AU Aungst, M Wilson, M Vournas, K McCarthy, S AF Aungst, M Wilson, M Vournas, K McCarthy, S TI Necrotic leiomyoma and gram-negative sepsis eight weeks after uterine artery embolization SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FIBROID EMBOLIZATION; SYMPTOMATIC FIBROIDS; COMPLICATIONS AB BACKGROUND: Uterine artery embolization for symptomatic leiomyomata is generally safe, but rare life-threatening complications, including sepsis, can result. CASE: A 39-year-old woman with primary antiphospholipid syndrome, who was on chronic warfarin therapy, underwent uterine artery embolization for severe menorrhagia and a 12-cm intracavitary leiomyoma. Eight weeks postembolization, the patient, who had been essentially asymptomatic, presented in septic shock from gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. She underwent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for a large infarcted necrotic leiomyoma and partial uterine necrosis. The patient's 8-day hospitalization required extended care in the intensive care unit and blood transfusion and resulted in surgical menopause in a patient who is not a candidate for hormone therapy. CONCLUSION: Uterine artery embolization is a procedure not without significant risks. From published case reports, it appears that patients most at risk for severe infection of an infarcted leiomyoma after this procedure are those with a large dominant leiomyoma. (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Travis AFB, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Intervent Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Vallejo, CA USA. RP Aungst, M (reprint author), 60 MSGS SGCG,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM Mathew.aungst@60mdg.travis.af.mil NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 104 IS 5 SU S BP 1161 EP 1164 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000128107.58898.e1 PN 2 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 874UD UT WOS:000225374400015 PM 15516437 ER PT J AU Fillmore, GL Ward, TP Bower, KS Dudenhoefer, EJ Grabenstein, JD Berry, GK Madigan, WP AF Fillmore, GL Ward, TP Bower, KS Dudenhoefer, EJ Grabenstein, JD Berry, GK Madigan, WP TI Ocular complications in the Department of Defense Smallpox Vaccination Program SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY NOV 15-18, 2003 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID VACCINIAL KERATITIS; UNITED STATES; THERAPY; POLICY AB Objective: The purpose of this case series was to present an overview of the nature and frequency of ocular complications in the Department of Defense (DoD) Smallpox Vaccination Program. Design: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. Participants: The authors retrospectively evaluated data collected on individuals with an ophthalmologic complaint after receiving smallpox vaccination or after contact with a recently immunized individual. The vaccinee and contact cases occurred secondary to inoculations given between December 13, 2002 and May 28, 2003 as part of the DoD Smallpox Vaccination Program. Methods: Data were collected primarily from reports to military headquarters or to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System and individual medical records. Main Outcome Measures: The incidence, types, and timing of ocular complications were evaluated. Diagnostic and treatment considerations also were reviewed. Results: Between December 13, 2002 and May 28, 2003, 450,293 smallpox vaccinations were given. We identified 16 confirmed or probable cases of ocular vaccinia, with an incidence of 3.6 per 100,000 inoculations. Of these cases, 12 (75%) were seen in the vaccinees, and 4 (25%) in close contacts. Of the 12 self-inoculation cases, 7 (58.3%) were seen in individuals receiving the vaccine for the first time (primary vaccination), and 3 (25.0%) were seen in individuals previously vaccinated (revaccination); the vaccination status in 2 cases was unknown. Clinical manifestations included lid pustules, blepharitis, periorbital cellulitis, conjunctivitis, conjunctival ulcers, conjunctival membranes, limbal pustules, corneal infiltrates, and iritis, with onset of symptoms 3 to 24 days after inoculation or contact. Five of 9 tested cases were culture or polymerase chain reaction positive for vaccinia. Treatment for most cases was topical trifluridine 1% (Viroptic; King Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bristol, TN). Vaccinia immune globulin was used in 1 case. In all patients, recovery occurred without significant visual sequelae. Conclusions: When compared with historical data on the ocular complications of smallpox vaccination, the incidence of ocular complications during the DoD Smallpox Vaccination program has been low. In addition, the severity of disease seems to be less than during other vaccination periods. These findings perhaps are the result of improved screening of vaccinees, prevaccination counseling, postvaccination wound care, and the suggested efficacy of trifluridine in the treatment of ocular vaccinia. (C) 2004 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USA, Off Surgeon Gen, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Fillmore, GL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ophthalmol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD NOV PY 2004 VL 111 IS 11 BP 2086 EP 2093 DI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.04.027 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 866JZ UT WOS:000224771100017 PM 15522376 ER PT J AU Gavrielides, A Malomed, BA AF Gavrielides, A Malomed, BA TI Stable regimes of pulse generation in fiber rings with modulated dispersion and nonlinear outcoupling SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL AMPLIFIER; MODE-LOCKING; LASER; SOLITONS; AMPLIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; RESONATOR; SYSTEM AB We investigate a model of a fiber-ring laser, which includes nonlinear saturation and dispersion of gain, nonlinearity (saturation) of the splitter which releases outgoing solitons, and smooth modulation of the group-velocity dispersion (GVD) coefficient along the ring. A conclusion is that the gain dispersion (effective spectral filtering), splitting saturation, and GVD modulation are all necessary for stability of a pulse-circulation regime. Finite intervals are identified from which values of the outcoupling saturation parameter Gamma and GVD-modulation rate gamma must be chosen to secure stable periodic operation of the scheme and hence stable periodic generation of outgoing solitons. In an adjacent interval, period doublings and subsequent transition to a chaotic pulse-circulation regime occurs. If Gamma or gamma are too small or too large, only a continuous-wave state is generated. In the case when the gain is too strong, the ring resonator switches into a turbulent regime via a cascade of soliton splittings. Robust pulses are found too in the absence of the gain saturation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Interdisciplinary Studies, Sch Elect Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Gavrielides, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM tom@photon.plk.af.mil NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 241 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2004.06.046 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 865TS UT WOS:000224726500007 ER PT J AU Lowry, TR Heichel, DJ AF Lowry, TR Heichel, DJ TI Pleomorphic adenorna of the hard palate SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lowry, TR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1,59 MDW,MCSR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Lowry@lackland.af.mil NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 131 IS 5 BP 793 EP 793 DI 10.1016/j.othons.2004.03.020 PG 1 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 870HC UT WOS:000225047200045 PM 15523471 ER PT J AU Benedict, M Maguire, JF AF Benedict, M Maguire, JF TI Molecular dynamics simulation of nanomaterials using an artificial neural net SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN HARD-RODS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES AB We report a method of conducting molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that uses an artificial neural net (ANN) to significantly increase computational speed. The technique enables dynamical simulation of hard objects with essentially arbitrarily complex geometry and is well suited to the simulation of granular matter over a wide range of densities. In hard systems, binary collisions are well defined and the ANN approach enables an efficient algorithm to determine the time to next collision with high accuracy. The method has been used to enable an MD study of an ensemble of 1800 hard, smooth, impenetrable equilateral triangles in a two-dimensional periodic space. At high packing fraction (0.6 5degrees), the Catalog contains essentially all of the unconfused sources with flux densities greater than 90, 60, 60, 50, 90, and 165 Jy at 1.25, 2.2, 3.5, 4.9, 12, and 25 mum, respectively, corresponding to magnitude limits of approximately 3.1, 2.6, 1.7, 1.3, -1.3, and -3.5. At longer wavelengths and in the Galactic plane, the completeness is less certain because of the large DIRBE beam and possible contributions from extended emission. The Catalog also contains the names of the sources in other catalogs, their spectral types, variability types, and whether or not the sources are known OH/IR stars. We discuss a few remarkable objects in the Catalog, including the extremely red object OH 231.8+4.2 (QX Pup), an asymptotic giant branch star in transition to a proto planetary nebula, which has a DIRBE 25 mum amplitude of 0.29 +/- 0.07 mag. C1 E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geol, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. RP Smith, BJ (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geol, Box 70652, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. EM smithbj@etsu.edu; steve.price@hanscom.af.mil; zrih1@yahoo.edu NR 46 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 154 IS 2 BP 673 EP 704 DI 10.1086/423248 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 856SL UT WOS:000224065000013 ER PT J AU Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA Balldin, UI AF Webb, JT Pilmanis, AA Balldin, UI TI Altitude decompression sickness at 7620 m following periods prebreathe enhanced with exercise periods SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DCS; hypoharic; preoxygenation; venous gas emboli ID 100-PERCENT OXYGEN; RISK; PREOXYGENATION; PROTECTION AB Introduction. Over 80% altitude decompression sickness (DCS) was reported during a 4-h exposure with mild exercise to 7620 m (25,000 ft) without prebreathe. Prebreathe for more than 1 h would be necessary to reduce the DCS risk below 40%. Use of a single period of exercise to enhance prebreathe effectiveness has been successfully tested and used during some U-2 operations. The current tests used multiple exercise sessions to enhance prebreathe (MEEP) as a means of improving denitrogenation efficiency. Methods: Two MEEP profiles, 30 or 60 min, preceded 4-h exposures to 7620 m with mild, upper-body exercise while breathing 100% oxygen. Resting prebreathe controls were from published studies at the same laboratory. Both MEEP profiles involved 10 min of strenuous dual-cycle ergometry (75% of maximal oxygen uptake) at the beginning of prebreathe. After a 15-min rest period during the 60-min prebreathe, an additional 5 min of strenuous ergometry was performed. Mild exercise was performed during 15 of the last 20 min of both prebreathe profiles. Results: The 60-min MEEP resulted in 25% DCS and the 30-min MEEP 40% DCS (N.S.). The 25% incidence of DCS following the 60-min MEEP profile was significantly less than the 63% DCS following an equal-time, resting prebreathe control. Following the 30-min MEEP, DCS incidence was not greater than the incidence following a 60-min, resting prebreathe control. There was a lower incidence of venous gas emboli during the MEEP exposures than during resting control exposures. Conclusion: Denitrogenation with multiple periods of exercise provides a shorter alternative to resting prebreathe for reducing DCS risk during exposure to 7620 m. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Brooks City Base, TX USA. Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst & Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Webb, JT (reprint author), 13818 Chittim Oak, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. EM james.webb@brooks.af.mil NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 75 IS 10 BP 859 EP 864 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 858HE UT WOS:000224182100004 PM 15497365 ER PT J AU Bravo, LO Ngamy, V AF Bravo, LO Ngamy, V TI Ochroconis gallopavum and mycobacterium avium intracellulare in an immunocompetent patient SO CHEST LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT CHEST 2004 Conference CY OCT 23-28, 2004 CL Seattle, WA C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD OCT PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 SU S BP 975S EP 975S PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 865VF UT WOS:000224731400760 ER PT J AU Grisch, F Attal-Tretout, B Bresson, A Bouchardy, P Katta, VR Roquemore, WM AF Grisch, F Attal-Tretout, B Bresson, A Bouchardy, P Katta, VR Roquemore, WM TI Investigation of a dynamic diffusion flame of H-2 in air with laser diagnostics and numerical modeling SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE diffusion flame; flame-vortex interaction; CARS; LIF; DFWM ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; CARS AB Detailed studies of flame-vortex interactions play a vital role in improving our understanding of turbulent combustion. A combined experimental and numerical study was conducted on a low-speed, buoyant, jet diffusion flame of hydrogen in air to investigate the vortex-flame interaction and the effects of preferential diffusion on the flame's structure. A time-dependent, axisymmetric mathematical model with detailed transport processes and a chemical-kinetics mechanism was used to Simulate the dynamics of the flame. Single-shot measurements of temperature and the concentrations of molecular hydrogen (H-2), the pollutant nitric oxide (NO), atomic oxygen (0), atomic hydrogen (H), and the hydroxyl radical (OH) were made using optical techniques such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, degenerate four-wave mixing, and planar laser-induced fluorescence. Temperature and mole fractions of different species are presented in two-dimensional contour maps and compared with the numerical predictions. The model predicted the behavior of the experimentally observed dynamic flame quite well, including variations in temperature and molar concentrations of fuel and tracer species such as H, OH, and NO. Discrepancies in the concentration of 0 atoms were also noted. (C) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Dept Mesures Phys, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grisch, F (reprint author), Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Dept Mesures Phys, Ft Palaiseau, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. EM frederic.grisch@onera.fr NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2004 VL 139 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.08.002 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 865QU UT WOS:000224718400003 ER PT J AU Guerrero, J Hamilton, B Burton, R Crockett, D Taylor, Z AF Guerrero, J Hamilton, B Burton, R Crockett, D Taylor, Z TI Upper stage flight experiment (USFE) integral structure development effort SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Composite Structures (ICCS 12) CY NOV 17-19, 2003 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP USAF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USN Off Naval Res Int Field Off, CRC Adv Composite Struct, Australian Composite Sturct Soc AB The Air Force Research Laboratory's Space Vehicle Directorate (AFRL/VS) has established a customer focused composite tankage development program that is targeted to existing and future aerospace applications. AFRL/VS is developing a wide range of tank concepts that include linerless cryogenic tankage, self-healing cryogenic tankage, hydrogen peroxide compatible tankage, volumetrically efficient toroidal (donut shaped) geometries, and more. This paper will summarize the Upper Stage Flight Experiment (USFE) composite integral structure development effort. The integral structure refers to the stage skirt and the propellant tankage. These two parts are bonded together to form an integral structure. The USFE tank is the world's first composite, common-bulkhead, medium-pressure vessel designed to be Class I Compatible with high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Lightweight hydrogen peroxide compatible tankage development is becoming increasingly important to the international aerospace community because it provides considerable benefits. Peroxide can be stored unpressurized and is relatively non-toxic, which makes it safer to handle and store compared to oxidizers such as hydrazine. In addition to being a viable bi-propellant oxidizer, hydrogen peroxide can also serve as a monopropellant for an attitude control system (ACS). Peroxide is not cryogenic, therefore, it does not require an on-board cryocooler, which makes it easier to meet mass budgets and to mitigate technical risk. Storability and ease of handling make high concentration hydrogen peroxide an ideal propellant for reusable launch vehicle (RLV) responsive upper stage applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Orbital Sci Corp, Chandler, AZ 85248 USA. Aspect Engn, Yorba Linda, CA 92687 USA. RP Guerrero, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jim.higgins@kirtland.af.mil NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 66 IS 1-4 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.04.069 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 853UQ UT WOS:000223854800037 ER PT J AU Higgins, PEJ Wegner, P Viisoreanu, A Sanford, G AF Higgins, PEJ Wegner, P Viisoreanu, A Sanford, G TI Design and testing of the Minotaur advanced grid-stiffened fairing SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Composite Structures (ICCS 12) CY NOV 17-19, 2003 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP USAF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USN Off Naval Res Int Field Off, CRC Adv Composite Struct, Australian Composite Sturct Soc DE grid-stiffened; buckling; failure criteria; testing; composite; fairing AB A composite grid-stiffened structure concept was selected for the payload fairing of the Minotaur launch vehicle. Compared to sandwich structures, this concept has an advantage of smaller manufacturing costs and lighter weight. To reduce weight the skin pockets are allowed to buckle visibly up to about 0.5 cm peak displacement. Various failure modes were examined for the composite grid-stiffened structure. The controlling criterion for this design was a joint failure in tension between the ribs and skin of the structure. The identification of this failure mechanism and the assessment of bounding strains required to control it required extensive test and analysis effort. Increasing skin thickness to control skin buckling resulted in reduced strains between the skin and ribs. Following the identification of the relevant failure criteria, a final design for the fairing was generated. The resulting 6 in tall fairing was constructed of a tow-placed carbon fiber composite grid structure that was over-wrapped to create a laminated skin. Upon completion of curing and machining, the fairing was cut in half to create the classic "clam-shell" fairing. Static qualification testing demonstrated the structural integrity of the fairing, thereby proving the design and manufacturing process. Loads were applied incrementally in a static loading scenario. The applied load envelope exceeded worst-case dynamic flight conditions with an added safety factor of 25%. At peak load the fairing maintained structural integrity while remaining within the required displacement envelope for payload safety. Data were collected during the test from a variety of sensors including traditional displacement transducers and strain gages. In addition, full field displacement was monitored at critically loaded fairing sections by means of digital photogrammetry. This paper summarizes the test results, presents the overall performance of the fairing under the test loads, correlates test response and analysis, and identifies lessons learned. Work continues at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and Boeing to identify means of further controlling tensile failure of the un-reinforced polymer bonded joint between the ribs and skin. Stiffening of skin adjacent to the joints and introduction of lightweight foam jackets at the interior of the fairing both show promise of delaying joint failure to higher loads. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing Co, Phatom Works, Seattle, WA USA. CSA Engn, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Higgins, PEJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM john.higgins@kirtland.af.mil NR 6 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 66 IS 1-4 BP 339 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.04.055 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 853UQ UT WOS:000223854800038 ER PT J AU Ritter, SE Meffert, J AF Ritter, SE Meffert, J TI A refractory fixed drug-reaction to a dye used in an oral contraceptive SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB A young woman presented with a classic fixed drug eruption (FDE) after taking the inactive green pills of her oral contraceptives (OCs). The patient's history was unique in that the FDE did not occur every time she took the inactive pills but was refractory, occurring every third month within hours after she took the green pills. After discontinuing the green pills but continuing the active oral contraceptive pills, the patient has not experienced a recurrence of the rash in more than 2 years. This case report reviews the unusual phenomenon of refractory periods in FDEs and highlights the importance of understanding this phenomenon in the diagnosis of drug eruptions. C1 Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ritter, SE (reprint author), USAF, MC, FS, MDOS SGOMD 74, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr,B830, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.ritter@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 74 IS 4 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 862WL UT WOS:000224521900004 PM 15551717 ER PT J AU Golden, PJ Grandt, AF AF Golden, PJ Grandt, AF TI Fracture mechanics based fretting fatigue life predictions in Ti-6Al-4V SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fatigue; fretting; Ti-6Al-4V; life prediction; crack growth ID CRACK INITIATION AB A fracture mechanics based crack propagation analysis is developed to work directly with the output of a contact mechanics stress analysis for fretting fatigue. A series of remote load fatigue tests were conducted on specimens that had previously been subjected to fretting fatigue loading conditions. The growth of these prior fretting induced cracks were monitored and compared to results from the crack propagation analysis. A combined fatigue crack formation and propagation analysis was then applied to other fretting fatigue experiments with good success. The creation of fretting fatigue stress-life curves is also demonstrated. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Golden, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.golden@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 71 IS 15 BP 2229 EP 2243 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2003.10.005 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 828RU UT WOS:000221991300008 ER PT J AU Latessa, R Harman, JH Hardee, S Scmidt-Dalton, T AF Latessa, R Harman, JH Hardee, S Scmidt-Dalton, T TI Teaching medicine using interactive games: Development of the "Stumpers" quiz show game SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Mt Area Hlth Educ Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. USAF, MC, Trvis Family Practice, Residency Program, Travis AFB, CA USA. E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Carilion Hlth Syst, Roanoke, VA USA. RP Latessa, R (reprint author), Mt Area Hlth Educ Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 36 IS 9 BP 616 EP 616 PG 1 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 861BK UT WOS:000224390900004 PM 15467933 ER PT J AU Barrier, BF Malinowski, MJ Dick, EJ Hubbard, GB Bates, GW AF Barrier, BF Malinowski, MJ Dick, EJ Hubbard, GB Bates, GW TI Adenomyosis in the baboon is associated with primary infertility SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE adenomyosis; baboon; infertility; endometriosis ID UTERINE ADENOMYOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; MODEL; ENDOMETRIOSIS; UTERUS AB Objective: To determine whether an association exists between the histopathologic diagnosis of adenomyosis and infertility in a population of captive baboons. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Southwest National Primate Research Center. Animal(s): Necropsy records of 37 baboons diagnosed with adenomyosis uteri and 38 baboons with normal uterine histology. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): chi(2) analysis of the association between adenomyosis, primary infertility, and the presence of coexisting endometriosis. Result(s): Endometriosis was associated with the presence of adenomyosis (OR = 31.5, 95% CI 4.2-1,348). There was a trend toward an association of endometriosis with the presence of lifelong infertility, but this correlation did not quite achieve statistical significance (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 0.9-15.8). Adenomyosis was associated with the presence of lifelong infertility (OR = 20.6, 95% CI 2.7-897). This association was maintained when cases of coexisting endometriosis (n = 17) were excluded (OR = 20.1, 95% CI 2.1-921). Conclusion(s): Adenomyosis is strongly associated with lifelong primary infertility in the baboon, even in the absence of coexisting endometriosis. (C) 2004 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. C1 SW Fdn Biomed Res, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Barrier, BF (reprint author), Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM breton.barrier@lackland.af.mil NR 15 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 82 SU 3 BP 1091 EP 1094 DI 10.1016/j.fernstart.2003.11.065 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 863RV UT WOS:000224580500016 PM 15474079 ER PT J AU Sharma, AK Zaidi, SH Lucero, S Brueck, SRJ Islam, NE AF Sharma, AK Zaidi, SH Lucero, S Brueck, SRJ Islam, NE TI Mobility and transverse electric field effects in channel conduction of wrap-around-gate nanowire MOSFETs SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-CIRCUITS DEVICES AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID METAL-OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR; SCALING THEORY; LITHOGRAPHY; SILICON; SCATTERING AB The current conduction process through a nanowire wrap-around-gate, similar to 50 nm channel diameter, silicon MOSFET has been investigated and compared with a similar to 2 mum wide slab, similar to 200 nm thick silicon (SOI) top-only-gate planar MOSFET with otherwise similar doping profiles, gate length and gate oxide thickness. The experimental characteristics of the nanowire and planar MOSFETs were compared with theoretical simulation results based on semi-empirical carrier mobility models. The SOI nanowire MOS devices were fabricated through interferometric lithography in combination with conventional I-line lithography. A significant increase (similar to 3 x) in current density was observed in the nanowire devices compared to the planar devices. A number of parameters such as carrier confinement, effects of parallel and transverse field-dependent mobilities, and carrier scattering due to Coulomb effects, acoustic phonons, impurity doping profile and surface roughness influences the transport process in the channel regions. The electron mobility in the nanochannel increases to similar to 1200 cm(2)/V s compared to similar to 400 cm(2)/V s for a wide slab planar device of similar channel length. Experiments also show that the application of the channel potential from three sides in the nanowire structure dramatically improves the subthreshold slope characteristics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87111 USA. Gratings Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87111 USA. RI Brueck, Steven/A-6383-2013; OI Brueck, Steven/0000-0001-8754-5633 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2409 J9 IEE P-CIRC DEV SYST JI IEE Proc.-Circuit Device Syst. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 151 IS 5 BP 422 EP 430 DI 10.1049/ip-cds:20040993 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 880JT UT WOS:000225786800007 ER PT J AU Hong, L Wu, S Layne, JR AF Hong, L Wu, S Layne, JR TI Invariant-based probabilities target tracking and identification with GMTI/HRR measurements SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM AB An invariant-based algorithm is presented for ground moving-target tracking and identification using ground moving-target indicator and high-resolution range measurements. The algorithm effectively exploits coupled information between target kinematics and identification spaces by introducing the concept of local and global motion. A geometrical invariant constraint based on the target rigidity principle is built into target kinematics and measurement models, which facilitate joint information exploitation. An interacting multiple template algorithm is developed to tightly work with a traditional tracker for joint tracking and identification. Besides providing target kinematics behaviour and identity information, the algorithm is capable of reconstructing the prominent physical structure of a moving target. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hong, L (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 151 IS 5 BP 280 EP 290 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20040858 PG 11 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 877CO UT WOS:000225545600004 ER PT J AU Kent, B AF Kent, B TI AMTA corner SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, RL, SNS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kent, B (reprint author), USAF, RL, SNS, Bldg 254,2591 K St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Brian.kent@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 46 IS 5 BP 180 EP 180 DI 10.1109/MAP.2004.1388877 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 886VP UT WOS:000226261200018 ER PT J AU Poles, LD Kenney, JP Martin, E AF Poles, LD Kenney, JP Martin, E TI UHF phased-array measurements in snow SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE UHF measurements; antenna measurements; antenna proximity factors; phased arrays; snow; environmental testing; environmental factors AB The installation and operation of large, horizontal, UHF phased-array antennas in arctic regions is challenged by severe environmental conditions. It can be shown that large and moderate snowfall can impact the operation of exposed dipole array elements, and can reduce aperture efficiency. Reflection coefficients, measured at the antenna terminal of an embedded array element, can vary drastically as a function of snow depth and density. In this paper, we will describe several measurements that show embedded-array-element impedance variations as a function of snow height. Measured results will be presented for an array operating from 400 MHz to 470 MHz. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Poles, LD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Livio.Poles@hanscom.af.mil; James.Kenney@hanscom.af.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 46 IS 5 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.1109/MAP.2004.1388878 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 886VP UT WOS:000226261200019 ER PT J AU Sun, G Khurgin, JB Soref, RA AF Sun, G Khurgin, JB Soref, RA TI Design of quantum-dot lasers with an indirect bandgap short-period superlattice for reducing the linewidth enhancement factor SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE indirect superlattice (SL) barrier; linewidth enhancement factor; quantum-dot (QD) laser ID THRESHOLD CURRENT; TEMPERATURE; WELL; FIELD AB A novel gain medium consisting of direct bandgap semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) embedded in a short-period superlattice of indirect bandgap as barrier material is proposed to produce QD lasers with extremely small linewidth enhancement factor alpha. Our analysis has shown that at least one order-of-magnitude reduction in alpha can be achieved at room temperature compared to that of similar QDs embedded in direct-bandgap barriers, making low chirp, narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers feasible. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM greg.sun@umb.edu; jakek@jhu.edu; richard.soref@hanscom.af.mil RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2203 EP 2205 DI 10.1109/LPT.2004.834499 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 857HA UT WOS:000224105800001 ER PT J AU Leckbee, JJ Curry, RD McDonald, KF Cravey, WR Anderson, G Heidger, S AF Leckbee, JJ Curry, RD McDonald, KF Cravey, WR Anderson, G Heidger, S TI Design, modeling, and verification of a high-pressure liquid dielectric switch for directed energy applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE directed energy; high pressure; high-voltage switch; liquid dielectric; megawatt switch; oil switch; rep-rate switch; spark gap ID CURRENT PULSES; BREAKDOWN AB A high-power liquid dielectric switch is being developed to satisfy the requirements for future directed energy applications. A flowing, high-pressure liquid dielectric was chosen for the design of a megavolt class switch operating at 100 pps. This paper reports on the design philosophy, modeling, and experimental results of a full size, single-shot prototype 250-300 kV concept validation test (CVT) switch which can transfer kilojoules per pulse. Analysis of design criteria and scaling for a compact, 100-pps, kilojoule, high-voltage switch are presented. Optimization studies indicate that a pressure range of 6.9-13.8 MPa (1000-2000 psi) appears to be ideally suited to a flowing dielectric rep-rate switch. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Alpha Omega Power Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, PRPE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leckbee, JJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1790 EP 1798 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.835955 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863MY UT WOS:000224567200004 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D Zhou, O Bower, C LaCour, A Golby, K AF Shiffler, D Zhou, O Bower, C LaCour, A Golby, K TI A high-current, large-area, carbon nanotube cathode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EMISSION CATHODE; FABRICATION AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great attention as electron emitters. These field emission cathodes operate at room temperature without a heater, in contrast to thermionic emitters that often require considerable heater power for proper operation. Furthermore, CNTs have the advantage of large aspect ratios, allowing large local electric field enhancements at the nanotube tips, further increasing their attractiveness as field emitters. However, due primarily to materials issues such as limited emission site density, screening effects, and weak interfacial bonding, no large area cathodes have been operated at high current to date. In this paper, we report on the design, fabrication, and testing of a large-area CNT cathode operating at high-voltage (>200 kV) and high-current density (30 A/cm(2)) The cathode lifetime exceeded four thousand pulses. The current density and voltage achieved represent a significant achievement and indicate that such a cathode design can prove valuable as a high-current, large-area emitter. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Curriculum Appl & Mat Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 2152 EP 2154 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.835519 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863NB UT WOS:000224567500012 ER PT J AU Lai, YC Liu, ZH Nachman, A Zhu, LQ AF Lai, YC Liu, ZH Nachman, A Zhu, LQ TI Suppression of jamming in excitable systems by aperiodic stochastic resonance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article DE aperiodic signal; stochastic resonance; noise reduction; excitable system ID NOISY SIGNALS; INFORMATION; ENHANCEMENT; TRANSMISSION; MODELS; COMMUNICATION; ENSEMBLES; CRAYFISH; ELEMENTS; DRIVEN AB To suppress undesirable noise (jamming) associated with signals is important for many applications. Here we explor the idea of jamming suppression with realistic, aperiodic signals by stochastic resonance. In particular, we consider weak amplitude-modulated (AM), frequency-modulated (FM), and chaotic signals with strong, broad-band or narrow-band jamming, and show that aperiodic stochastic resonance occuring in an array of excitable dynamical systems can be effective to counter jamming. We provide formulas for quantitative measures characterizing the resonance. As excitability is ubiquitous in biological systems, our work suggests that aperiodic stochastic resonance may be a universal and effective mechanism for reducing noise associated with input signals for transmitting and processing information. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 EI 1793-6551 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 10 BP 3519 EP 3539 DI 10.1142/S0218127404011454 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 880TV UT WOS:000225813300008 ER PT J AU Chang, PY Damodaran, P Melouk, S AF Chang, PY Damodaran, P Melouk, S TI Minimizing makespan on parallel batch processing machines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM; NONIDENTICAL JOB SIZES; BURN-IN OVEN; COMPLETION-TIME; ALGORITHM; FAMILIES; FLOWSHOP; ARRIVALS; OPTIMIZATION AB A simulated annealing approach to minimize makespan for identical parallel batch-processing machines is presented. Each job has a corresponding processing time and size. The machine can process the jobs in batches as long as the total size of all the jobs in a batch does not exceed the machine capacity. The processing time of a batch is equal to the longest processing time among all the jobs in the batch. Random instances were generated to test the approach with respect to solution quality and run time. The results of the simulated annealing approach were compared with CPLEX. The approach outperforms CPLEX on most of the instances. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Elect Mfg Res & Serv, Dept Syst Sci & Ind Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Mingchi Inst Technol, Dept Ind Engn & Management, Taipei 243, Taiwan. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Damodaran, P (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Elect Mfg Res & Serv, Dept Syst Sci & Ind Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM pdamodar@binghamton.edu NR 27 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 19 BP 4211 EP 4220 DI 10.1080/00207540410001711863 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 858SU UT WOS:000224212900012 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Salem, AA Saran, MJ AF Semiatin, SL Salem, AA Saran, MJ TI Models for severe plastic deformation by equal-channel angular extrusion SO JOM LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; BONDING ARB PROCESS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; BILLET DEFORMATION; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; HIGH-PRESSURES; ALUMINUM; FLOW; TEMPERATURES; WORKABILITY AB Severe-plastic deformation processes are receiving increasing attention as methods to develop ultrafine-grain microstructures tit the nanoscale. One such process, equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE), offers the ability to manufacture bulk products from a wide range of metals and alloys. Despite the apparent simplicity of ECAE, however, metal flow, and texture evolution are complex. The application of process, crystal-plasticity, and workability models to describe deformation and the evolution of microstructure , texture, and defects during ECAE is summarized in this article. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. Optimal Engn Solut Inc, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL-MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502 NR 59 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD OCT PY 2004 VL 56 IS 10 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0296-y PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 861VG UT WOS:000224446100016 ER PT J AU Cody, JT Valtier, S Nelson, SL AF Cody, JT Valtier, S Nelson, SL TI Amphetamine excretion profile following multidose administration of mixed salt amphetamine preparation SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINARY EXCRETION; DEPENDENT SUBJECTS; METABOLISM; PH; METHAMPHETAMINE; KINETICS; RATIOS; BLOOD C1 Acad Hlth Sci, MCCS HMP PA Branch, AMEDD C&S, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cody, JT (reprint author), Acad Hlth Sci, MCCS HMP PA Branch, AMEDD C&S, 3151 Scott Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 28 IS 7 BP 563 EP 574 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 858US UT WOS:000224218100004 PM 15516315 ER PT J AU Baker, DN Weigel, RS Rigler, F McPherron, RL Vassilladis, D Arge, CN Siscoe, GL Spence, HE AF Baker, DN Weigel, RS Rigler, F McPherron, RL Vassilladis, D Arge, CN Siscoe, GL Spence, HE TI Sun-to-magnetosphere modeling: CISM forecast model development using linked empirical methods SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE space weather; radiation belts; forecast models; energetic electrons ID PREDICTION AB The Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) method is used to predict the solar wind speed (and certain other parameters) near the Earth's orbit based upon solar surface measurements. This approach gives a predicted solar wind time series with a lead time of three to four days. Such forecasted solar wind conditions can then be convolved with linear and nonlinear filters in order to provide a predicted set of geomagnetic indices or various particle flux estimates. In order to illustrate the method in a concrete way, we present here a demonstration of an end-to-end empirical forecast of relativistic electrons in the outer Van Allen radiation belt. Past work has shown that radiation belt electron fluxes are highly dependent on the speed of the solar wind striking the magnetosphere. We develop filters that predict electron fluxes using the WSA estimates of solar wind speed at Ll, which allows for 3-4 days lead times. We compare the prediction efficiency (PE) provided by these filters with filters developed to use 3-4 day old values of the solar wind velocity measured at Ll and 3-4 day old values of the measured electron fluxes themselves. It is found that the WSA method provides PEs of the electron flux that are slightly lower than that provided by using old Ll or the autocorrelated electron flux data. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP, Los Angeles, CA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Baker, DN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM daniel.baker@lasp.colorado.edu RI Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 66 IS 15-16 BP 1491 EP 1497 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.04.011 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 865AN UT WOS:000224674900021 ER PT J AU Jackson, JT Gunsch, GH Claypoole, RL Lamont, GB AF Jackson, JT Gunsch, GH Claypoole, RL Lamont, GB TI Detecting novel steganography with an anomaly-based strategy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing CY JUL, 2003 CL Lugano, SWITZERLAND SP SPIE ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS; STEGANALYSIS AB Popular press and congressional record report a belief by the intelligence community that Al Qaeda members communicate through messages embedded invisibly in images shared via the Internet This is certainly plausible as steganography has a rich history of military and civilian use. Current signature-based approaches for detecting the presence of hidden messages rely on discerning "footprints" of steganographic tools. Of greater recent concern is detecting the use of novel tools for which no signature has been established. This research addresses this concern by using a method for detecting anomalies in seemingly innocuous images, applying a genetic algorithm within a computational immune system to leverage powerful image processing through wavelet analysis. The sensors developed with this system demonstrated a surprising level of capability to detect the use of steganographic tools for which the system had no previous exposure, including one tool designed to be statistically stealthy. (C) 2004 SPIE and IST. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM jacob.jackson@eglin.af.mil NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IS&T & SPIE PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1017-9909 EI 1560-229X J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD OCT PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 860 EP 870 DI 10.1117/1.1789981 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 865BV UT WOS:000224678400018 ER PT J AU Elgafy, A Mesalhy, O Lafdi, K AF Elgafy, A Mesalhy, O Lafdi, K TI Numerical and experimental investigations of melting and solidification processes of high melting point PCM in a cylindrical enclosure SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CHANGE PROBLEMS AB In the present work, a computational model is developed to investigate and predict the thermal performance of high melting point phase change material during its melting and solidification processes within a cylindrical enclosure. In this model the phases are assumed to be homogeneous and a source term, S, arises from melting or solidification process is considered as a function of the latent heat of fusion and the liquid phase fraction. The numerical model is verified with a test problem and an experiment is performed to assess the validity of the assumptions of it and an agreement between experimental and computational results is achieved The findings show that utilizing of PCMs of high melting points is a promising technique especially in space applications. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Elgafy, A (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Ahmed.Elgafy@udri.udayton.edu NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2004 VL 126 IS 5 BP 869 EP 875 DI 10.1115/1.1800492 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 876BZ UT WOS:000225472000027 ER PT J AU Fuller, J AF Fuller, J TI Guest editorial: Ultra-high temperature ceramics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Fuller, J (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 19 BP 5885 EP 5885 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000041685.85043.34 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 868DW UT WOS:000224895300001 ER PT J AU Jackson, TA Eklund, DR Fink, AJ AF Jackson, TA Eklund, DR Fink, AJ TI High speed propulsion: Performance advantage of advanced materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Materials CY NOV 05-07, 2003 CL Wintergreen, VA SP AFOSR AB High-speed air breathing propulsion systems have many attractive military and civil applications. The high propulsive efficiency of these systems allows the exploitation of speed, distance, and bigger payloads, or any combination of the three. The severe operating conditions of these systems require particular attention to overall thermal management of the engine/air-frame. Fuel-cooling the engine structure is a viable way of maintaining thermal balance over a range of flight conditions. Air Force applications have focused on using endothermic hydrocarbon fuels to address this issue because of their compatibility with the military operations. Recent ground tests of scramjet engines have demonstrated adequate performance utilizing state-of-the-art technology in materials. This progress has paved the way for an expendable flight test vehicle in the near future. In order to take full advantage of the capabilities of this propulsion system, advances in fuel-cooled structures, high temperature un-cooled materials, and increased heat capacity of hydrocarbon fuels will be needed to enable expendable systems to reach higher Mach numbers. An additional benefit would be realized in future reusable systems. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jackson, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.jackson@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 55 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 19 BP 5905 EP 5913 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000041687.37448.06 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 868DW UT WOS:000224895300003 ER PT J AU Dickerson, MB Wurm, PJ Schorr, JR Hoffman, WP Wapner, PG Sandhage, KH AF Dickerson, MB Wurm, PJ Schorr, JR Hoffman, WP Wapner, PG Sandhage, KH TI Near net-shape, ultra-high melting, recession-resistant ZrC/W-based rocket nozzle liners via the displacive compensation of porosity (DCP) method SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Materials CY NOV 05-07, 2003 CL Wintergreen, VA SP AFOSR ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; INCONGRUENT REDUCTION; MODEST TEMPERATURES; COPPER-ZIRCONIUM; PHASE-DIAGRAM; COMPOSITES; DENSE; ALLOY; HAFNIUM AB Dense, near net-shaped ZrC/W-based composites have been fabricated at modest temperatures and at ambient pressure by a reactive infiltration process known as the Displacive Compensation of Porosity (DCP) method. Porous WC preforms with hourglass shapes (for rocket nozzle liners) were produced by gel casting, whereas simple bar-shaped preforms were produced by uniaxial pressing. The porous preforms were exposed to molten Zr2Cu at 1200-1300degreesC and ambient pressure. The Zr2CU liquid rapidly infiltrated into the preforms and underwent a displacement reaction with the WC to yield a more voluminous mixture of solid products, ZrC and W. This displacement reaction-induced increase in internal solid volume filled the prior pore spaces of the preforms ("displacive compensation of porosity") to yield dense, ZrC/W-based composites. Because the preforms remained rigid during reactive infiltration, the final composites retained the external shapes and dimensions of the starting preforms. A DCP-derived, ZrC/W-based nozzle insert was found to be resistant to the severe thermal shock and erosive conditions of a Pi-K rocket motor test. The DCP process enables dense, ceramic/refractory metal composites to be fabricated in complex and near net shapes without the need for high-temperature or high-pressure densification or for extensive machining (i.e., relatively expensive processing steps are avoided). (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. MetaMat Partners LLC, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. ERC Inc, USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Dickerson, MB (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ken.sandhage@mse.gatech.edu NR 47 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 19 BP 6005 EP 6015 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000041697.67626.46 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 868DW UT WOS:000224895300013 ER PT J AU Speyer, RF Lee, H AF Speyer, RF Lee, H TI Advances in pressureless densification of boron carbide SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Materials CY NOV 05-07, 2003 CL Wintergreen, VA SP AFOSR ID PHASE AB The coarsening processes which occur concurrently with the sintering of B4C were deduced using differential dilatometry, weight loss and grain size measurements. B2O3 coatings on B4C particles stalled the onset of densification until these coatings decomposed away at 1840degreesC. Oxide gaseous species formed in this process were postulated to be one conduit of particle coarsening. At higher temperatures, the volatilization of B4C itself were interpreted to be the second vapor phase coarsening mechanism, starting at temperatures above 2000degreesC. Carbon additions or soaking the compact in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere at 1350degreesC removed the oxide coatings at temperatures below those in which sintering or coarsening occurred. Accelerating densification above 2130degreesC was attributed to nonstoichiometric volatilization, leaving carbon behind to facilitate activated sintering. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Speyer, RF (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM robert.speyer@mse.gatech.edu NR 11 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 19 BP 6017 EP 6021 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000041698.23052.b9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 868DW UT WOS:000224895300014 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Kordik, AJ Simpson, BD AF Brungart, DS Kordik, AJ Simpson, BD TI The effects of single and double hearing protection on the localization and segregation of spatially-separated speech signals (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND LOCALIZATION; AUDITORY LOCALIZATION; ATTENUATION; IMPAIRMENT; EARPLUGS AB Recent results have shown that auditory localization in the horizontal plane is dramatically worse for listeners wearing double hearing protection (earplugs and earmuffs) than it is for listeners wearing single hearing protection (earplugs or earmuffs alone). This suggests that double hearing protection might also impair the spatial unmasking that normally occurs when two simultaneous talkers are spatially separated in azimuth (the so-called "cocktail party" effect). In this experiment, normal hearing listeners wearing no hearing protection, single hearing protection (earmuffs), or double hearing protection were asked to perform a speech intelligibility task that required them to segregate two simultaneous talkers who were either presented from the same loudspeaker or spatially separated by 90degrees in azimuth. The listeners were also asked to determine the location of the target talker in each trial. The results show that the listeners were unable to reliably determine the location of the target talker when they wore double hearing protection, but that they were still able to benefit from the spatial separation of the competing talkers. This suggests that the use of double hearing protection causes spatially separated sound sources to be heard at locations that are inaccurate but still distinct enough to enhance the segregation of speech. C1 WPAFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Sytron, Dayton, OH USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), WPAFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 116 IS 4 BP 1897 EP 1900 DI 10.1121/1.1786812 PN 1 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 864TK UT WOS:000224655600003 PM 15532620 ER PT J AU Boakye, EE Hay, RS Petry, MD Parthasarathy, TA AF Boakye, EE Hay, RS Petry, MD Parthasarathy, TA TI Zirconia-silica-carbon coatings on ceramic fibers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MONAZITE COATINGS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; SPECIMEN PREPARATION; CRACK DEFLECTION; TENSILE-STRENGTH; CARBIDE WHISKERS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; POROUS-MATRIX AB Precursors for zircon-carbon mixtures were made to coat fibers for ceramic-matrix composites. Precursors were characterized using XRD, TGA, and DTA. Zircon formed from vanadium- or lithium-doped precursors after heat treatments at greater than or equal to900degreesC in air, but it did not form at 1200degrees-1400degreesC in argon when large amounts of carbon were added. Some precursors were used to coat Nextel(TM)720 and Hi-Nicalon(TM) fibers. The coatings were characterized using SEM and TEM, and coated-fiber tensile strengths were measured. Although zircon formed in powders, only tetragonal-zirconia-silica mixed phases formed in fiber coatings at 1200degreesC in air. Loss of vanadium oxide flux to the fibers may have caused the lack of conversion to zircon. The strengths of the coated fibers were severely degraded after heat treatment at greater than or equal to1000degreesC in air, but not in argon. The coated fibers were compared with zirconia-carbon-coated fibers made using similar methods. Mechanisms for fiber strength degradation are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boakye, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 77 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1967 EP 1976 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 869TW UT WOS:000225008200024 ER PT J AU Thorne, JD AF Thorne, JD TI Lambert's theorem - A complete series solution SO JOURNAL OF THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 13th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL Ponce, PR SP AAS, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Lambert's theorem states that for the two-body orbit determination problem, there is a particular value of the semimajor axis associated with a single conic transfer arc that will uniquely satisfy the initial conditions, which include the transfer time, the two ordered position vectors and the gravitational constant. The associated Lagrange equations for the orbital transfer time are expressed as series expansions for all cases. Many techniques exist to solve the Lagrange equations, but series solutions avoid the need for root finding and therefore they may allow for direct analytical optimization for mission design. Because of the case dependence, several different solution approaches are necessary among the three distinct forms of the series equations. Two new series solutions are given for each boundary of the long-way orbital case, which are also combined with an earlier result for hyperbolic and short-way transfers. Convergence properties of the new series solutions are investigated numerically for several examples. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Thorne, JD (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM james.thorne7@verizon.net NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SPRINGFIELD PA 6352 ROLLING MILL PLACE SUITE 102, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22152 USA SN 0021-9142 J9 J ASTRONAUT SCI JI J. Astronaut. Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 4 BP 441 EP 454 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 974PY UT WOS:000232605100002 ER PT J AU Josyula, E Bailey, WF AF Josyula, E Bailey, WF TI Vibrational population enhancement in nonequilibrium dissociating hypersonic nozzle flows SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 36th Thermophysics Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AIAA ID BLUNT-BODY C1 USAF, Res Lab, VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VAAC, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 550 EP 553 DI 10.2514/1.7901 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 866JP UT WOS:000224770100016 ER PT J AU Selvaraj, CL Van de Graaff, EJ Campbell, CL Abels, BS Marshall, JP Steinhubl, SR AF Selvaraj, CL Van de Graaff, EJ Campbell, CL Abels, BS Marshall, JP Steinhubl, SR TI Point-of-care determination of baseline platelet function as a predictor of clinical outcomes in patients who present to the emergency department with chest pain SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE platelet function; acute coronary syndrome; point-of-care device ID ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; UNSTABLE ANGINA; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; CD40 LIGAND; P-SELECTIN; DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INTERVENTION; INFLAMMATION AB Background: Increased platelet reactivity can identify patients at high risk for thrombotic events, but its clinical use has been impractical due to technical limitations. The purpose of the present study is to determine if a point-of-care measurement of platelet function in patients presenting to an emergency room with chest pain can identify those at high risk of adverse cardiac events. Methods: Platelet function was measured using the Ultegra-RPFA in 201 patients presenting to the emergency department with the primary complaint of chest pain and either known coronary disease or at least one cardiac risk factor. The primary endpoint was any major adverse cardiac events (MACE) [cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), re-admission for coronary revascularization] 6 months post-enrollment. Results: Platelet function at baseline ranged from 44 to 315 platelet activation units (PAU) (mean 175 +/- 6). Seventy-six patients experienced MACE (37.8%) by 6 months post-enrollment. Mean PAU was significantly lower in the group experiencing MACE (166 9 vs. 181 +/- 9; p = 0.026). By univariate analysis, admission PAU was a significant predictor of MACE at 6 months (p = 0.028). However, when adjusted for age, gender, cardiac risk factors, and a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) using multivariate logistic regression analysis, PAU was no longer significantly predictive of MACE (p = 0.268). Conclusions: Point-of-care testing of platelet function deserves further study for risk assessment and individualized therapy in the future. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Dept Cardiol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Cardiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Selvaraj, CL (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, 9500 Euclid Ave,Box 307, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM selvarc@ccf.org NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5305 J9 J THROMB THROMBOLYS JI J. Thromb. Thrombolysis PD OCT PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1007/s11239-004-0207-7 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 893NS UT WOS:000226727100005 PM 15789177 ER PT J AU Ekkad, SV Ou, SC Rivir, RB AF Ekkad, SV Ou, SC Rivir, RB TI A transient infrared thermography method for simultaneous film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient measurements from a single test SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA ID CRYSTAL IMAGE METHOD; CO2 INJECTION; FLAT SURFACE; HOLES; CHANNEL; AIR AB In film cooling situations, there is a need to determine both local adiabatic wall temperature and heat transfer coefficient to fully assess the local heat flux into the surface. Typical film cooling situations are termed three temperature problems where the complex interaction between the jets and mainstream dictates the surface temperature. The coolant temperature is much cooler than the mainstream resulting in a mixed temperature in the film region downstream of injection. An infrared thermography technique using a transient surface temperature acquisition is described which determines both the heat tran, fer coefficient and film effectiveness (nondimensional adiabatic wall temperature) from a single test. Hot mainstream and cooler air injected through discrete holes are imposed suddenly on an ambient temperature surface and the wall temperature response is captured using infrared thermography. The wall temperature and the known mainstream and coolant temperatures are used to determine the two unknowns (the heat transfer coefficient and film effectiveness) at every point on the test surface. The advantage of this technique over existing techniques is the ability to obtain the information using a single transient test. Transient liquid crystal techniques have been one of the standard techniques, for determining h and eta for turbine film cooling for several years. Liquid crystal techniques do not account for nonuniform initial model temperatures while the transient IR technique measures the entire initial model distribution. The transient liquid crystal technique is very sensitive to the angle of illumination and view while the IR technique is not. The IR technique is more robust in being able to take measurements over a wider temperature range which improves the accuracy of h and eta. The IR requires less intensive calibration than liquid crystal techniques. Results are presented for film cooling downstream of a single hole on a turbine blade leading edge model. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ekkad, SV (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ekkad@me.isu.edu RI Ekkad, Srinath/E-9112-2014 NR 23 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 BP 597 EP 603 DI 10.1115/1.1791283 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 896ZJ UT WOS:000226973000018 ER PT J AU Baughman, SM Sexton, WJ Glanton, CW Dalrymple, NC Bishoff, JT AF Baughman, SM Sexton, WJ Glanton, CW Dalrymple, NC Bishoff, JT TI Computerized tomography guided radio frequency ablation of a renal cell carcinoma within a renal allograft SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPLANTED KIDNEY C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Serv Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Bishoff, JT (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Endourol Element, Urol Flight, MSCU, 1 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jay.bishoff@lackland.af.mil NR 3 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 172 IS 4 BP 1262 EP 1263 DI 10.1097/01.ju.0000140138.97968.ca PN 1 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 854JN UT WOS:000223899000008 PM 15371819 ER PT J AU Dunn, WJ Langsten, RE AF Dunn, WJ Langsten, RE TI Dental satisfaction survey at an expeditionary dental clinic in support of operations enduring freedom and Iraqi freedom SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCIES; BOSNIA; CARE AB This study used a survey to gather information about soldiers' perceptions of the quality of dental treatment delivered at a deployed clinic. An ordinal scale of 1 through 5 scored access, dental facility and equipment, pain control, technical skill, and interpersonal skills of the provider. Four additional items identified whether the respondent was new to military or deployment dentistry, was in pain before arriving at the clinic, or had any concerns about being treated at a deployed dental clinic. Percentages for each type of response were recorded. Data were further analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test to investigate the relationship between respondent variables and how they rated the attributes of quality. Deployed service members reported a high degree of satisfaction with the quality of care they received. Ninety-seven percent of respondents believed that the care they received was as good as the care they would have received at their regular stateside military dental facility. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Comprehens Dent, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Dent Fligh Commander, Prince Sultan Air Base, Saudi Arabia. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Comprehens Dent, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 169 IS 10 BP 773 EP 776 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JC UT WOS:000235830400004 PM 15532339 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB AF Miracle, DB TI A structural model for metallic glasses SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; EQUAL SPHERES; X-RAY; PACKING; FORMABILITY; SCATTERING AB Despite the intense interest in metallic glasses for a variety of engineering applications, many details of their structure remain a mystery. Here, we present the first compelling atomic structural model for metallic glasses. This structural model is based on a new sphere-packing scheme-the dense packing of atomic clusters. Random positioning of solvent atoms and medium-range atomic order of solute atoms are combined to reproduce diffraction data successfully over radial distances up to similar to1 nm. Although metallic glasses can have any number of chemically distinct solute species, this model shows that they contain no more than three topologically distinct solutes and that these solutes have specific and predictable sizes relative to the solvent atoms. Finally, this model includes defects that provide richness to the structural description of metallic glasses. The model accurately predicts the number of solute atoms in the first coordination shell of a typical solvent atom, and provides a remarkable ability to predict metallic-glass compositions accurately for a wide range of simple and complex alloys. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Daniel.miracle@wpafb.af.mil NR 40 TC 679 Z9 700 U1 27 U2 243 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 3 IS 10 BP 697 EP 702 DI 10.1038/nmat1219 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 859EQ UT WOS:000224246200019 PM 15378050 ER PT J AU Gibson, JL Duncan, BD Watson, EA Loomis, JS AF Gibson, JL Duncan, BD Watson, EA Loomis, JS TI Wide-angle decentered lens beam steering for infrared countermeasures applications SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MICROLENS ARRAYS AB A beam-steering system consisting of three cemented achromatic doublets is presented. Intended for use in IR countermeasure applications, our system is designed to operate over the 2- to 5-mum spectrum with minimum angular dispersion. We show that dispersion can be minimized by using doublet lenses fashioned from AMTIR-1 and germanium. Our system is designed to be compact and lightweight, with no internal foci, while allowing steering to +/-22.5 deg. We also maintain a minimum 2-in. clear aperture for all steering angles, and a nominal divergence of 1 mrad. Plane wave and Gaussian beam analyses of our system are presented. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Univ Dayton, Elect Opt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Wright Lab, EO Technol Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, ECE Dept, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Gibson, JL (reprint author), Anteon Corp, 5100 Springfield Pike,Suite 509, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM brad@udayton.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 43 IS 10 BP 2312 EP 2321 DI 10.1117/1.1789137 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 867AP UT WOS:000224814800022 ER PT J AU McAdams, RM Milhoan, KA Hall, BH Richardson, RG AF McAdams, RM Milhoan, KA Hall, BH Richardson, RG TI Prenatal and postnatal imaging of thoracopagus conjoined twins with a shared six-chamber heart SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conjoined twins; thoracopagus; MR AB Management of thoracopagus conjoined twins is predominantly determined by the associated complex cardiovascular abnormalities seen in the majority of these cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) provides a useful complement to conventional cardiac echocardiography or catheterization for detailed evaluation of the extra-cardiac anatomy. We report a pair of female thoracopagus conjoined twins with a shared six-chambered heart. The MRA findings are highlighted. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP McAdams, RM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 Berquist Dr Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM ryan.mcadams@lackland.af.mil NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 10 BP 816 EP 819 DI 10.1007/s00247-004-1202-z PG 4 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 863IV UT WOS:000224555800008 PM 15138738 ER PT J AU Schulte, MJ Ree, MJ Carretta, TR AF Schulte, MJ Ree, MJ Carretta, TR TI Emotional intelligence: not much more than g and personality SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE emotional intelligence; intelligence; personality; construct validity; Big Five; cognitive ability ID JOB-PERFORMANCE; EUROPEAN-COMMUNITY; VALIDITY; METAANALYSIS; PSYCHOLOGY AB Cognitive ability and personality have long played central roles in the investigation of determinants of human performance. Recently, the construct of emotional intelligence (EI) has emerged in the popular literature as an additional explanatory concept for human behavior and performance. The ability conceptualization of EI proposed by Mayer, Salovey, and their colleagues involves the perception, assimilation, comprehension, and management of emotions. Its proponents consider it to be distinct from either general cognitive ability (g) or personality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct validity of EI by examining its relations to g and the Big Five personality dimensions of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. The observed correlation between scores on the Wonderlic Personnel Test (a measure of g) and EI was r = 0.454. A regression model that included three predictors representing g, the Big Five dimension of Agreeableness, and sex showed an R of 0.617. After correction for unreliability the multiple correlation became 0.806, showing a strong relationship. Based on these results, we question the uniqueness of EI as a construct and conclude that its potential for advancing our understanding of human performance may be limited. Implications and suggestions for future studies are discussed. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Our Lady Lake Univ, San Antonio, TX 78207 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ree, MJ (reprint author), Our Lady Lake Univ, 411 SW 24th St, San Antonio, TX 78207 USA. EM reemal@lake.ollusa.edu NR 35 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 4 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8869 J9 PERS INDIV DIFFER JI Pers. Individ. Differ. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1059 EP 1068 DI 10.1016/j.paid.2003.11.014 PG 10 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 853AW UT WOS:000223799500014 ER PT J AU Allred, CL Yuan, XL Bazant, MZ Hobbs, LW AF Allred, CL Yuan, XL Bazant, MZ Hobbs, LW TI Elastic constants of defected and amorphous silicon with the environment-dependent interatomic potential SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTED SILICON; BOND-ORDER POTENTIALS; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POINT-DEFECTS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; LATTICE-DISTORTIONS; COLLISION CASCADES; SI; ENERGY AB The elastic constants of a wide range of models of defected crystalline and amorphous silicon are calculated, using the environment-dependent interatomic potential (EDIP). The defected crystalline simulation cells contain randomly generated defect distributions. An extensive characterization of point defects is performed, including structure, energy and influence on elastic constants. Three important conclusions are drawn. (1) Defects have independent effects on the elastic constants of silicon up to (at least) a defect concentration of 0.3%. (2) The linear effect of Frenkel pairs on the <110> Young's modulus of silicon is -1653 GPa per defect fraction. (3) 17 different point defect types cause a very similar decrease in the <110> Young's modulus: -(0.28+/-0.05)% when calculated in isolation using a 1728-atom cell. These principles will be very useful for predicting the effect of radiation damage on the elastic modulus of silicon in the typical case in which point-defect concentrations can be estimated, but the exact distribution and species of defects is unknown. We also study amorphous samples generated in quenching the liquid with EDIP, including an ideal structure of perfect fourfold coordination, samples with threefold and fivefold coordinated defects, one with a nanovoid, and one with an amorphous inclusion in a crystalline matrix. In the last case, a useful finding is that the change in the Young's modulus is simply related to the volume fraction of amorphous material, as has also been observed by experiment. C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Allred, CL (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM hobbs@mit.edu NR 66 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 13 AR 134113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.134113 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 867PR UT WOS:000224855000041 ER PT J AU Popovic, ZS Satpathy, S Mitchel, WC AF Popovic, ZS Satpathy, S Mitchel, WC TI Electronic structure of the substitutional versus interstitial manganese in GaN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; (GA,MN)N AB Density-functional studies of the electron states in the dilute magnetic semiconductor GaN:Mn reveal major differences for the case of the Mn impurity at the substitutional site (Mn-Ga) versus the interstitial site (Mn-I). The splitting of the twofold and the threefold degenerate Mn(d) states in the gap are reversed between the two cases, which is explained in terms of the symmetry-controlled hybridization with the neighboring atoms. In contrast to Mn-Ga, which acts as a deep acceptor, Mn-I acts as a donor, suggesting the formation of Coulomb-stabilized complexes such as MnGaMnIMnGa, where the acceptor level of Mn-Ga is passivated by the Mn-I donor. Formation of such passivated clusters might be the reason for the observed low carrier-doping efficiency of Mn in GaN. Even though the Mn states are located well inside the gap, the wave functions are spread far away from the impurity center. This is caused by the hybridization with the nitrogen atoms, which acquire small magnetic moments aligned with the Mn moment. Implications of the differences in the electronic structure for the optical properties are discussed. C1 Inst Nucl Sci Vinca, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Popovic, ZS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 16 AR 161308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.161308 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 867QB UT WOS:000224856000014 ER PT J AU Fontanari, JF Perlovsky, LI AF Fontanari, JF Perlovsky, LI TI Solvable null model for the distribution of word frequencies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVELY NEUTRAL ALLELES; SAMPLING THEORY; LANGUAGE; EVOLUTION; DNA; LAW AB Zipf's law asserts that in all natural languages the frequency of a word is inversely proportional to its rank. The significance, if any, of this result for language remains a mystery. Here we examine a null hypothesis for the distribution of word frequencies, a so-called discourse-triggered word choice model, which is based on the assumption that the more a word is used, the more likely it is to be used again. We argue that this model is equivalent to the neutral infinite-alleles model of population genetics and so the degeneracy of the different words composing a sample of text is given by the celebrated Ewens sampling formula [Theor. Pop. Biol. 3, 87 (1972)], which we show to produce an exponential distribution of word frequencies. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Fontanari, JF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Caixa Postal 369, BR-13560970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Fontanari, Jose/A-4511-2008; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 OI Fontanari, Jose/0000-0001-9413-1922; NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 4 AR 042901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.042901 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 879AT UT WOS:000225689500059 PM 15600443 ER PT J AU Albert, JM AF Albert, JM TI Analytical bounds on the whistler mode refractive index SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; LINEAR DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; TURBULENCE; PLASMA; WAVES AB The refractive index mu for whistler mode plane waves in a magnetized electron-proton plasma is considered as a function of normalized wave frequency omega/Omega(e) at fixed density and angle of propagation. A factorization into an increasing function of frequency times a decreasing function of frequency is found, valid for any value of omega(pe)/Omega(e), for omega between (Omega(e)Omega(i))(1/2) and the smaller of Omega(e) and omega(pe). This leads to lower and upper bounds on mu(2) over any given frequency subinterval. The bounds can be directly applied to a quasilinear formulation of velocity-space diffusion of electrons in the Earth's radiation belts, in a generalization of previously developed techniques to low density conditions found outside the plasma pause. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2004 VL 11 IS 10 BP 4875 EP 4877 DI 10.1063/1.1792634 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 861ZI UT WOS:000224456900048 ER PT J AU Drummond, J Telle, J Denman, C Hillman, P Spinhirne, J Christou, J AF Drummond, J Telle, J Denman, C Hillman, P Spinhirne, J Christou, J TI Photometry of a sodium laser guide star from the starfire optical range. II. Compensating the pump beam SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; IMAGES AB Measurements of the brightness and size of a mesospheric sodium guide star pumped by a laser launched through an adaptive optics (AO) system are reported from experiments conducted on 2003 July 22 at the Starfire Optical Range. The guide star was produced by a laser launched through a 0.5 m telescope with (closed loop) and without (open loop) higher order atmospheric compensation using an similar to60 actuator AO system and with various laser polarization states. A 3.5 m telescope (without AO) 50 m away from the launch site recorded the closed- and open-loop images. Calibrated using standard stars, the maximum brightness observed for the 8.5 W of compensated pump laser power out of the top of the telescope for a 96% circularly polarized beam was V-1=7.35(840 photons s(-1) cm(-2) at the bottom of the atmosphere) for the open-loop beam (where V-1 is the V magnitude corrected for the transmission of the V filter at the 589 nm wavelength of the sodium D2 absorption line) and V-1=7.4(800 photons s(-1) cm(-2)) for the closed- loop beam. It appears that circular polarization enhances the brightness of the return by 75%. Open-loop tests produced an integrated guide star that was 11% brighter than closed- loop, but the guide star produced from a closed- loop circularly polarized pump beam was about 50% of the width of either the open-loop beam or the linearly polarized closed- loop beam. At 0."85 FWHM, or 38 cm at 92 km altitude, the guide star is suitable for many astronomical AO applications. The guide star spot sizes were measured from images reconstructed with multiframe blind deconvolution. Because of optical losses, only 8.5 W of laser power was transmitted out of the top of the telescope. Reducing this by atmospheric extinction, the "power through the mesospheric footprint," or peak Gaussian intensity, was 3.9 mW cm(-2) for the closed- loop circularly polarized laser beam. This is about 60% of the saturation intensity I-sat for the optically pumped atom, and 20% of the I-sat for the thermally equilibrated atom. C1 USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing Co, Boeing LTS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Drummond, J (reprint author), USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 116 IS 824 BP 952 EP 964 DI 10.1086/425595 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 862BM UT WOS:000224464600008 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Heo, WH Ivill, M Norton, DP Steiner, T AF Pearton, SJ Heo, WH Ivill, M Norton, DP Steiner, T TI Dilute magnetic semiconducting oxides SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; MN-DOPED ZNO; TIO2 THIN-FILMS; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRIC PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; IMPLANTED ZNO; SPINTRONICS AB A review of recent results on transition metal doping of electronic oxides such as ZnO, TiO2, SnO2, BaTiO3, Cu2O, SrTiO3 and KTaO3 is presented. There is interest in achieving ferromagnetism with Curie temperatures above room temperature in such materials for applications in the field of spintronic devices, in which the spin of, the carriers is exploited. The incorporation of several atomic per cent of the transition metals without creation of second phases appears possible under optimized synthesis conditions, leading to ferromagnetism. Pulsed laser deposition, reactive sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy and ion implantation have all been used to produce the oxide-based dilute magnetic materials. The mechanism is still under debate, with carrier-induced, double-exchange and bound magnetic polaron formation all potentially playing a role depending on the conductivity type and level in the material. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 88 TC 364 Z9 368 U1 19 U2 173 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 IS 10 BP R59 EP R74 AR PII S0268-1242(04)83423-0 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/19/10/R01 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 867VQ UT WOS:000224871100004 ER PT J AU Andrus, RD Piratheepan, P Ellis, BS Zhang, JF Juang, CH AF Andrus, RD Piratheepan, P Ellis, BS Zhang, JF Juang, CH TI Comparing liquefaction evaluation methods using penetration-V-S relationships SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States-Taiwan Workshop on Soil Liquefaction CY NOV 03-04, 2003 CL Hsinchu, TAIWAN DE cone penetration test; earthquake; liquefaction; in situ tests; probability; shear-wave velocity; standard penetration test ID RESISTANCE; PROBABILITY; SOILS; SITES AB Three methods that follow the general format of the Seed-Idriss simplified procedure for evaluating liquefaction resistance of soils are compared in this paper. They are compared by constructing relationships between penetration resistance and small-strain shear-wave velocity (V-S) implied from cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) curves for the three methods, and by plotting penetration-V-S data pairs. The penetration-V-S data pairs are from 43 Holocene-age sand layers in California, South Carolina, Canada, and Japan. It is shown that the V-S-based CRR curve is more conservative than CRR curves based on the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT), for the compiled Holocene data. This result agrees with the findings of a recent probability study where the SPT-, CPT-, and V-S-based CRR curves were characterized as curves with average probability of liquefaction of 31, 50, and 26%, respectively. New SPT- and CPT-based CRR equations are proposed that provide more consistent assessments of liquefaction potential for the Holocene sand layers considered. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. URS Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. US Air Force, CEO, Minot AFB, ND 58705 USA. RP Andrus, RD (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Lowry Hall Box 340911, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM randrus@clemson.edu NR 35 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-7261 J9 SOIL DYN EARTHQ ENG JI Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 9-10 BP 713 EP 721 DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.06.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 850ZS UT WOS:000223653500009 ER PT J AU Altrock, RC AF Altrock, RC TI The temperature of the low corona during solar cycles 21-23 SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Space Climate CY JUN 20-23, 2004 CL Oulu, FINLAND ID FE-XIV; DENSITY AB Observations of the forbidden coronal lines Fe XIV 530.3 nm and Fe X 637.4 nm obtained at the National Solar Observatory at Sacramento Peak are used to determine the variation of coronal temperature at latitudes above 30' stop during solar activity cycles 21-23. Features of the long-term variation of emission in the two lines are also discussed. Temperatures at latitudes below 30&DEG; are not studied because the technique used to determine the coronal temperature is not applicable in active regions. The polar temperature varies cyclically from approximately 1.3 to 1.7 MK. The temperatures are similar in both hemispheres. The temperature near solar minimum decreases strongly from mid-latitudes to the poles. The temperature of the corona above 80&DEG; latitude generally follows the sunspot cycle, with minima in 1985 and 1995-1996 (cf. 1986 and 1996 for the smoothed sunspot number, Rz) and maxima in 1989 and 2000 (cf. 1989 and 2000 for Rz). The temperature of the corona above 30&DEG; latitude at solar maximum is nearly uniform, i.e., there is little latitude dependence. If the maximum temperatures of cycles 22 and 23 are aligned in time (superposed epochs), the average annual N + S temperature (average of the northern and southern hemisphere) in cycle 23 is hotter than that in cycle 22 at all times both above 80&DEG; latitude and above 30&DEG; latitude. The difference in the average annual N + S maximum temperature between cycles 23 and 22 was 56 kK near the poles and 64 kK for all latitudes above 30&DEG;. Cycle 23 was also hotter at mid-latitudes than cycle 22 by 60 kK. The last 3 years of cycle 21 were hotter than the last 3 years of cycle 22. The difference in average annual N + S temperatures at the end of cycles 21 and 22 was 32 kK near the poles and 23 kK for all latitudes above 30&DEG;. Cycle 21 was also hotter at mid-latitudes than cycle 22 by at least 90 kK. Thus, there does not seem to be a solar-cycle trend in the low-coronal temperature outside of active regions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Natl Solar Observ Sacramento Pk, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Altrock, RC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Natl Solar Observ Sacramento Pk, POB 62, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. EM altrock@nso.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 224 IS 1 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s11207-005-6502-4 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 922PF UT WOS:000228849200027 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Svalgaard, L AF Cliver, EW Svalgaard, L TI The 1859 solar-terrestrial disturbance and the current limits of extreme space weather activity SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Space Climate CY JUN 20-23, 2004 CL Oulu, FINLAND ID LOW-LATITUDE AURORAS; COSMIC-RAY EVENTS; MAGNETIC STORM; AUGUST 1972; FLARE; WIND AB It is generally appreciated that the September 1859 solar-terrestrial disturbance, the first recognized space weather event, was exceptionally large. How large and how exceptional? To answer these questions, we compiled rank order lists of the various measures of solar-induced disturbance for events from 1859 to the present. The parameters considered included: magnetic crochet amplitude, solar energetic proton fluence (McCracken et al., 2001a), Sun-Earth disturbance transit time, geomagnetic storm intensity, and low-latitude auroral extent. While the 1859 event has close rivals or superiors in each of the above categories of space weather activity, it is the only documented event of the last &SIM; 150 years that appears at or near the top of all of the lists. Taken together, the top-ranking events in each of the disturbance categories comprise a set of benchmarks for extreme space weather activity. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Aichi 442, Japan. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM edward.cliver@hanscom.af.mil NR 67 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 224 IS 1 BP 407 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s11207-005-4980-z PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 922PF UT WOS:000228849200041 ER PT J AU Knipp, DJ Tobiska, WK Emery, BA AF Knipp, DJ Tobiska, WK Emery, BA TI Direct and indirect thermospheric heating sources for solar cycles 21-23 SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Space Climate CY JUN 20-23, 2004 CL Oulu, FINLAND ID POLAR-CAP; PRECIPITATION; INDEX; MODEL AB Solar variability is often cast in terms of radiative emission and the associated long-term climate response; however, growing societal reliance on technology is creating more interest in day-to-day solar variability. This variability is associated with both solar radiative and solar wind emissions. In this paper we explore the combined effects of radiative and solar wind fluctuations at Earth. The fluctuations in radiative and geomagnetic power create an extended interval of solar maximum for the upper atmosphere. We use a trio of empirical models to estimate, over the last three solar cycles, the relative contributions of solar extreme ultraviolet (UV) power, Joule power, and particle kinetic power to the Earth's upper atmosphere energy budget. Daily power values are derived from three source models. The SOLAR2000 solar irradiance specification model provides estimates of the daily extreme and far UV solar power input. Geomagnetic power is derived from a combination of satellite-estimated particle precipitation power and an empirical model of Joule power from hemispherically integrated estimates of high-latitude energy deposition. During the interval 1975 to 2003, the average daily contributions were: particles - 36 GW, Joule - 95 GW and solar - 464 GW for a total of 595 GW. Solar wind-driven geomagnetic power provided 22% of the total global upper atmospheric energy. In the top 15 power events, geomagnetic power contributed two-thirds of the total power budget. In each of these events, Joule power alone exceeded solar power. With rising activity, Joule power becomes the most variable element of solar upper atmosphere interactions. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Space Environm Technol, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM delores.knipp@usafa.af.mil; ktobiska@spacenvironment.net; emery@ucar.edu NR 18 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 224 IS 1 BP 495 EP 505 DI 10.1007/s11207-005-6393-4 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 922PF UT WOS:000228849200049 ER PT J AU Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Zvanut, ME Landis, G AF Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Zvanut, ME Landis, G TI High temperature Hall effect measurements of semi-insulating 4H-SiC substrates SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS 03) CY DEC 10-12, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Elect Device Soc, Univ Maryland, Natl Sci Fdn, Army Res Off, Army Res Lab DE semi-insulating SiC; Hall effect; deep levels ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POSITION; LEVEL AB High temperature Hall effect and resistivity measurements have been made on semi-insulating 4H-SiC samples. Both vanadium doped and undoped materials have been studied. Resistivity measurements before and after annealing up to 1800 degreesC are also reported. The thermal activation energy of the resistivity in vanadium doped samples has one of two values, 1.5 and 1.1 eV, due, respectively, to the vanadium donor level and an as yet unidentified defect. The activation energies for high purity semi-insulating material (HPSI) varied from 0.9 to 1.5 eV. Hall effect measurements were made on several HPSI and 1.1 eV V-doped samples. In all cases the material was found to be n-type. Mixed conduction analysis of the data suggests that the hole concentration is negligible in all samples studied. This suggests that the defects responsible for the semi-insulating properties have deep levels located in the upper half of the bandgap. The resistivity of V-doped samples were unaffected by anneals up to 1800 degreesC. The annealing results for HPSI samples were mixed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLPS, 3005 Hobson Way,Rm 243, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.mitchel@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 48 IS 10-11 BP 1693 EP 1697 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2004.02.025 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 853EO UT WOS:000223809700002 ER PT J AU Webster, RT Anwar, AFM AF Webster, RT Anwar, AFM TI Noise in metamorphic AlGaAsSb/InGaAs/AlGaAsSb HEMTs SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Semiconductor Device Reseaech Symposium (ISDRS 03) CY DEC 10-12, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Elect Device Soc, Univ Maryland, Natl Sci Fdn, Army Res Off, Army Res Lab AB We report the first measurement of minimum noise figure in lattice matched 0.15 mum x 64 mum AlGaAsSb/ In0.8Ga0.2As/AlGaAsSb metamorphic HEMTs (MHEMTs). A minimum noise figure of 0.82 dB is obtained at 15 GHz for applied gate and drain bias of -0.2 and 0.5 V, respectively increasing to 1.4 dB at 26 GHz. The devices show an unusual increase in minimum noise figure for frequencies below 10 GHz which may be attributed to an increase in the gate parasitic capacitance. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Connecticut, ECE Dept, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Webster, RT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHA, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 48 IS 10-11 BP 2007 EP 2011 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2004.05.080 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 853EO UT WOS:000223809700056 ER PT J AU Phillips, BS Zabinski, JS AF Phillips, BS Zabinski, JS TI Steam and water lubrication of quasicrystalline films SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE friction; steam; water; icosahedral; quasicrystal; tribology; wear ID TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; SILICON-NITRIDE; COATINGS; WEAR; EVOLUTION; CERAMICS; FRICTION; PHASE AB The present work reports on the comparison of tribological properties between quasicrystalline and approximant films under steam and water lubrication. These films have nearly the same stoichiometry, which allows evaluation of the quasicrystalline structure as compared with the crystalline structure of the approximant. The goal of this study is to determine the effects crystal structure has on tribological properties and to study the general tribological behavior of quasicrystals in a steam and water environment. AlCuFe quasicrystals coatings were deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The test films were 10 mum thick deposited on a 1 inch diameter Al2O3 disk and a 1/4 inch diameter Al2O3 ball. Data were collected under water and steam lubricated conditions. Friction coefficients and wear rates of quasicrystals and approximants were nearly indistinguishable. During water lubrication, quasicrystals act similar to ceramics where surface smoothing and hydrodynamic lift control the friction and wear properties. With steam-lubricated conditions, the friction and wear process is controlled by brittle fracture and third body abrasion. Generally, less than 5% difference in the friction and wear properties were observed between the icosahedral quasicrystal phase and the approximant phase. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmet Mat Div,Nonstruct Mat Breanch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Zabinski, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmet Mat Div,Nonstruct Mat Breanch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zabinski@afrl.af.mil NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1023/B:TRIL.0000044519.31110.db PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 861OX UT WOS:000224427800010 ER PT J AU Fehrenbacher, L Zabinski, JS Phillips, BS Daniels, MJ King, D Ketola, KS Bilello, JC AF Fehrenbacher, L Zabinski, JS Phillips, BS Daniels, MJ King, D Ketola, KS Bilello, JC TI Microstructure development and tribological behavior in AlCuFe quasicrystalline thin films SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE quasicrystal; physical vapor deposition; coating; annealing; X-ray difraction ID AL-CU-FE; ALLOYS; SYSTEMS; SOLIDIFICATION; COATINGS; ALUMINA; METALS; PHASES; ORDER; STATE AB A series of AlCuFe films were deposited by magnetron sputtering and subjected to X-ray diffraction and tribological testing to elucidate the correlation between quasicrystalline phase content and coefficient of friction. The sputter target was a pressed powder target comprised of a mixture of elemental powders combined in the ratio Al65Cu23Fe12 and pressed at 400 degreesC. This target was designed to produce film compositions within the single-phase icosohedral quasicrystalline regime. X-ray diffraction performed on the as-deposited coatings showed that they were comprised of a nanoscale/amorphous precursor phase with broad X-ray diffraction maxima. Anneals of the as-deposited films were performed at 450 or 500 degreesC in argon for various times to cause partial or full development of the quasicrystalline microstructure, and films were tribo-tested in two separate systems. The first of these was an oscillating pin-on-flat system, in which a coated 2 mm diameter pin was used to test as-deposited films at temperatures of up to 220 degreesC under vacuum and a 15 g load. The second system used a 0.25" diameter alumina ball and a load of 100 g to test films in air at temperatures of 25, 150, and 300 degreesC. Various anneal conditions were also tested. For an as-deposited coating, a coating annealed for 2 h at 450 degreesC, and a coating annealed for 1 h at 500 degreesC, the observed coefficients of friction were 0.45, 0.23, and 0.17, respectively. Correlation between quasicrystalline phase content, room temperature friction coefficient, and appearance of the wear track clearly showed that annealing to the fully developed quasicrystalline structure resulted in a harder film with a lower coefficient of friction. C1 Technol Assessment & Transfer, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmet Mat Div,Nonstruct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Raytheon Co, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Nanomat Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Fehrenbacher, L (reprint author), Technol Assessment & Transfer, 133 Def Highway,Suite 212, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM larry@techassess.com NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 435 EP 443 DI 10.1023/B:TRIL.0000044491.85055.1f PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 861OX UT WOS:000224427800011 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S AF Lee, H Mall, S TI Some observations on frictional force during fretting fatigue SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE frictional force; fretting fatigue; coefficient of friction ID INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; DISSIMILAR MATING MATERIALS; CRACK INITIATION; TI-6AL-4V; BEHAVIOR; STEEL; WEAR AB Frictional force behavior during fretting fatigue and its interdependence on other fretting variables are investigated. Both coefficient of static friction and the normalized frictional force (i.e., the ratio of frictional force and normal contact load) increase during the earlier part of a fretting fatigue test and then both reach to a stabilized value. The variation of temperature in the contact region and normalized frictional force with increasing cycle numbers and bulk stress show similar trend implying that normalized frictional force represents the average friction in the contact region during a fretting fatigue. An increase in bulk stress, relative slip, and hardness of pad material results in an increase of the normalized frictional force, while an increase in contact load, frequency and temperature decreases the normalized frictional force. The normalized frictional force is also affected by the contact geometry. On the other hand, coefficient of static friction increases with an increase in the hardness of mating material, temperature and roughness from shot-peening treatment, but is not affected by contact geometry and displacement rate. Further, the normalized frictional force is not affected by the contact geometry, roughness and applied bulk stress level when fretting fatigue test is conducted under slip controlled mode, however it increases with increasing applied relative slip and decreasing contact load in this case. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 491 EP 499 DI 10.1023/B:TRIL.0000044496.85398.76 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 861OX UT WOS:000224427800016 ER PT J AU Soyama, H Macodiyo, DO Mall, S AF Soyama, H Macodiyo, DO Mall, S TI Compressive residual stress into titanium alloy using cavitation shotless peening method SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE residual stress; surface modification; cavitation; shot peening; titanium; roughness ID FATIGUE-STRENGTH; IMPROVEMENT AB Cavitation shotless peening (CSP) method, where impacts are generated by a submerged cavitating jet ( without shots), was used to introduce compressive residual stress in titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V for the purpose of enhancing the conventional fatigue and fretting fatigue life and strength. This method provided higher compressive stress at surface as well as up to a depth of 40 mum from the surface than that with the shot peening method. Further, the surface treated by CSP was considerably less rough compared to that by the shot peening method, which is a highly desirable feature to improve the fretting fatigue performance. C1 Tohoku Univ, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Soyama, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Aoba Ku, Aoba 01, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM soyama@mm.mech.tohoku.ac.jp NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 501 EP 504 DI 10.1023/B:TRIL.0000044497.45014.f2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 861OX UT WOS:000224427800017 ER PT J AU Phillips, BS Zabinski, JS AF Phillips, BS Zabinski, JS TI Ionic liquid lubrication effects on ceramics in a water environment SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE friction; ionic liquids; tribology; ceramics; wear; water lubrication; electric double layer ID SILICON-NITRIDE; TRIBOCHEMICAL WEAR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LOW-FRICTION; TEMPERATURE; SI3N4; LAYER; FILM AB Ionic liquids were studied to determine their effectiveness as boundary lubricant additives for water. The chemical and tribo-chemical reactions that govern their behavior were probed to understand lubrication mechanisms. Under water lubricated conditions, silicon nitride ceramics are characterized by a running-in period of high friction, during which time the surface is modified causing a dramatic decrease in friction and wear. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain the friction and wear behavior. Si3N4 sliding against itself may result in tribochemical reactions that form a hydrated silicon oxide layer on the surface of the sliding contact. This film has been suggested to mediate friction and wear. Others have suggested that tribo-dissolution of SiO2 results in an ultra smooth surface and after a running-in period of high wear, the lubrication mode becomes hydrodynamic. The goal of this study was to examine the effects that ionic liquids have on the friction and wear properties of Si3N4, in particular their effects on the running-in period. Tribological properties were evaluated using pin-on-disk and reciprocating tribometers. The tribological conditions of the tests were selected to produce mixed/hydrodynamic lubrication. The relative lubrication mode between mixed and hydrodynamic was controlled by the initial surface roughness. Solutions containing 2 wt% ionic liquids were produced for testing purposes. Chemical analysis of the sliding surfaces was accomplished with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The test specimens were 1 in diameter Si3N4 disks sliding against 1/4 in Si3N4 balls. The addition of ionic liquids to water resulted in dramatically reduced running-in periods for silicon nitride from thousands to the hundreds of cycles. Proposed mechanisms include the formation of BFx and PFx films on the surface and creation of an electric double layer of ionic liquid. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmet Mat Div,Nonstruct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Zabinski, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmet Mat Div,Nonstruct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffrey.zabinski@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 49 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1023/B:TRIL.0000044501.64351.68 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 861OX UT WOS:000224427800021 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Bultman, JE Zabinski, JS AF Hu, JJ Bultman, JE Zabinski, JS TI Inorganic fullerene-like nanoparticles produced by arc discharge in water with potential lubricating ability SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE inorganic fullerene-like; nano; MoS2; solid lubricant; arc discharge in water ID ULTRA-LOW FRICTION; MOS2 NANOPARTICLES; WS2 C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zabinski, JS (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeffrey.Zabinski@afrl.af.mil NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 543 EP 546 DI 10.1023/B:TRIL.0000044502.93266.59 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 861OX UT WOS:000224427800022 ER PT J AU Denton, RE Menietti, JD Goldstein, J Young, SL Anderson, RR AF Denton, RE Menietti, JD Goldstein, J Young, SL Anderson, RR TI Electron density in the magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric electron density; empirical density model; plasmasphere ID PLASMA-WAVE OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD LINES; MODEL; DEPENDENCE; IMAGER AB Observations of the electron density ne based on measurement of the upper hybrid resonance frequency by the Polar spacecraft Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) are available for March 1996 to September 1997, during which time the Polar orbit sampled all MLT values three times. In a previous study, we modeled the electron density dependence along field lines as n(e)=n(e0)(R-max/R)(alpha), where n(e0) is the equatorial electron density, R(max)approximate toLR(E) is the maximum geocentric radius R to any point on the field line, and alpha=alpha(model)=8.0-3.0 log(10)n(e0)+0.28(log(10)n(e0))(2)-0.43(R-max/R-E), for all categories of plasma (plasmasphere and plasmatrough). (In the formula for alpha(model), n(e0) is expressed in cm(-3).) Here, we illustrate the field line dependence using several example events. We show that the plasmapause is much more evident on the large radius portion of the orbit and that at Rsimilar to2 R-E the electron density tends to level out at large R-max to a constant value similar to100 cm(-3). We also present an example of plasmaspheric plasma extending out to at least Lsimilar to9 on the dawnside during particularly calm geomagnetic conditions (as indicated by low Kp). Then we present the average equatorial profiles of n(e0) versus R-max for plasmasphere and plasmatrough. Our average plasmasphere profile is found to have values intermediate between those based on the models of Carpenter and Anderson and Sheeley et al. The plasmatrough equatorial density n(e0) scales with respect to R-max like R-max(-3.4), but in the region for which our plasmatrough data is most reliable (Lless than or equal to6), it is well fit by the R-max(-4.0) scaling of Sheeley et al. or the R-max(-4.5) scaling of Carpenter and Anderson. We present a simple interpretation for the field line dependence of the density. For large n(e0), such as occurs in the plasmasphere, a is close to zero on average (implying that n(e) is roughly constant along field lines). When n(e0) decreases, so does ne at R=2 R-E, but the value there does not decrease much below 100 cm(-3). (It is unclear if this value is an absolute lower density limit because most often the upper hybrid resonance emission disappears at Rsimilar to2 R-E because f(p)/f(ce)<1, where f(p)&PROP;&RADIC;n(e) is the plasma frequency and f(ce) is the electron cyclotron frequency.) Finally, we examined the dependence of α and the density at the equator and at R&SIM;2 R-E on the average &LANGBRAC;Kp&RANGBRAC; (Kp averaged with a 3-day timescale). There is no clear dependence of the average α-α model on &LANGBRAC;Kp&RANGBRAC; or on MLT. In the plasmasphere, n(e0) decreases with respect to increasing &LANGBRAC;Kp&RANGBRAC;. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. SW Res Inst, Dept Space Sci, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBXR, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Denton, RE (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM richard.e.denton@dartmouth.edu; jdm@space.physics.uiowa.edu; jerry.goldstein.adv00@alum.dartmouth.org; shawn.young@hanscom.af.mil; rra@space.physics.uiowa.edu RI Young, Shawn/M-3601-2016 OI Young, Shawn/0000-0001-9592-8095 NR 25 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 30 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A9 AR A09215 DI 10.1029/2003JA010245 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 861IT UT WOS:000224410500002 ER PT J AU Klosterman, J Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL White, TJ Guymon, CA Bunning, TJ AF Klosterman, J Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL White, TJ Guymon, CA Bunning, TJ TI The influence of surfactant in reflective HPDLC gratings SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE holographic photopolymerization; polymer-dispersed liquid crystal; grating ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; INDUCED PHASE-SEPARATION; ELECTROOPTICAL SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS; MONOMER FUNCTIONALITY; TRANSMISSION GRATINGS; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; VOLUME HOLOGRAMS; POLYMER; MORPHOLOGY; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION AB The use of highly functional acrylate monomers (large number of reactive bonds) as the precursor to the polymer-rich phase of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLC) is well established as providing the best balance between fast polymerization, gelation, and vitrification. Monomers with > 3 double bonds (typically between 4 and 5) yield films with the largest diffraction efficiency, all other things being equal. A consequence of this chemistry is that the HPDLC films formed require very high switching fields to dynamically varying their optical properties. These high switching fields are unappealing for many commercial applications. A potential solution has been to add a non-reactive surfactant-like molecule to the reactive syrup. A substantial lowering of the switching field has been attributed to a modification of the anchoring properties of the LC molecules and the polymer host. The dynamics of switching seem to support this supposition as much longer relaxation times are observed. We investigate differences in the polymerization kinetics using differential photocalorimetry (DPC) and relate these results to differences in HPDLC evolution using real-time scattering experiments. Herein, we present large differences in the final morphology of reflection gratings which are supported by optical measurements. We also indirectly show that the surfactant molecules reside near or at the polymer interface by examining contamination of PDLC droplets using polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 32 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 29 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 21 BP 7213 EP 7218 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.08.043 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 858TD UT WOS:000224213800023 ER PT J AU Albert, JM AF Albert, JM TI Using quasi-linear diffusion to model acceleration and loss from wave-particle interactions SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Space Environment Conference (ISEC 2003) CY OCT, 2003 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP Off Natl Etudes & Rech Aerosp, City Toulouse DE wave-particle interactions; pitch angle diffusion; diffusion equation; cyclotron resonance ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; EARTHS INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; DUCTED PLASMASPHERIC HISS; SELF-CONSISTENT MODEL; OUTER-ZONE ELECTRONS; RING CURRENT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS AB Current research has reemphasized the importance of cyclotron resonant wave particle interactions for radiation belt electrons. Whistler mode hiss, chorus, and EMIC waves can act in combination to cause acceleration and loss of radiation belt electrons at greater rates than previously appreciated. These processes can be described by quasi-linear theory, but calculating quasi-linear diffusion coefficients is computationally demanding. Recent advances have been made in computing bounce averaged quasi-linear pitch angle, energy, and mixed diffusion coefficients for hiss and EMIC in the high density plasmasphere; this paper outlines generalization of these techniques for chorus waves, prevalent in the low density region outside the plasmasphere. These coefficients are associated with a two-dimensional diffusion equation whose numerical solution by finite differencing methods requires care, for reasons having to do with the relation between the mixed and other diffusion coefficients, as discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Albert, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBX, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 48 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD SEP 28 PY 2004 VL 2 IS 9 AR S09S03 DI 10.1029/2004SW000069 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909HO UT WOS:000227851200001 ER PT J AU Thomas, RM Cervera, MA Ramli, AG Effendy Totarong, P Groves, KM Wilkinson, PJ AF Thomas, RM Cervera, MA Ramli, AG Effendy Totarong, P Groves, KM Wilkinson, PJ TI Seasonal modulation of GPS performance due to equatorial scintillation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASIAN REGION AB Evening scintillation is an aspect of space weather occurring primarily in the equatorial region due to scattering of satellite signals by ionospheric F-region irregularities. In order to quantify scintillation-related performance degradation in GPS ( Global Positioning System), we operated single frequency (L1) Ionospheric Scintillation Monitors (ISM), sampling at 50 Hz, at 6 sites in the South East Asia/Oceania region during the most recent solar maximum period 1998 - 2002. Scintillation indices, horizontal position, receiver lock time and dilution of precision were recorded every minute. Data reveal that individual one-minute positional errors can increase from a few meters to 30 m during scintillation, whilst statistics at the hourly upper decile level reveal an underlying seasonal modulation from about 5 m to 15 m. Error maxima occur during the equinoxes and are more pronounced at the equatorial anomaly crests than at the magnetic equator, as expected. Such errors may concern users of systems that are dependent on GPS. C1 Def Sci & Technol Org, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Minist Def, Sci & Technol Res Inst Def, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Natl Inst Aeronaut & Space, Bandung, Indonesia. Mil Res & Dev Ctr, Bangkok, Thailand. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. IPS Radio & Space Serv, Haymarket, NSW, Australia. RP Thomas, RM (reprint author), Def Sci & Technol Org, POB 1500, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM dick.thomas@dsto.defence.gov.au NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 18 AR L18806 DI 10.1029/2004GL020581 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 857OC UT WOS:000224126100002 ER PT J AU Gardner, JL Miller, SM AF Gardner, JL Miller, SM TI (B)over-tilde(2)A '-(X)over-tilde(2)A ' detection of vibrationally excited HCO produced by the O(P-3)+C2H4 reaction SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; HYDROCARBON FLAME BANDS; (B)OVER-TILDE(2)A' STATE; UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION; PREDISSOCIATION MECHANISM; RESONANCE ENERGIES; ROTATIONAL STATES; SUPERSONIC JET; OXYGEN ATOMS; 308 NM AB The distribution of rotational and vibrational energy in HCO produced by the O(P-3)+C2H4 reaction has been measured using laser-induced fluorescence detection via the (B) over tilde (2)A'-(B) over tilde (2)A' transition. Over a detection wavelength range of 248-290 nm, our experiments have shown that HCO is formed in both the ground state and in at least six vibrationally excited states with up to two quanta of energy in the C-O stretch and the bending mode. Dispersed fluorescence experiments were conducted to positively assign all of the HCO vibrational bands. The experiments confirmed that many bands, including the (B) over tilde (000)-(X) over tilde (000) band, are affected by overlap with other HCO bands. Spectral modeling was used to separate the contributions of overlapping HCO (B) over tilde-(X) over tilde bands and to determine a nascent HCO rotational temperature of similar to600 K, corresponding to similar to6% of the total energy from the O(P-3)+C2H4 reaction. HCO vibrational distributions were determined for two different average collision energies and were fit with vibrational temperatures of 1850+/-80 K and 2000+/-100 K, corresponding to similar to15% of the total energy. The observed Boltzmann distribution of vibrational energy in HCO indicates that HCO and CH3 are formed by the dissociation of an energized intermediate complex. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stewart Radiance Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Gardner, JL (reprint author), Stewart Radiance Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 12 BP 5920 EP 5928 DI 10.1063/1.1774984 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 854AJ UT WOS:000223872000043 PM 15367020 ER PT J AU Landrum, ML O'Connell, RJ Deye, GA AF Landrum, ML O'Connell, RJ Deye, GA TI Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID RAPID HIV TEST C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, D-66849 Landstuhl, Kirchberg, Germany. RP Landrum, ML (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 21 PY 2004 VL 141 IS 6 BP 487 EP 487 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 856TM UT WOS:000224067900025 PM 15381534 ER PT J AU Stamm, J AF Stamm, J TI Simvastatin and survival in sepsis SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Letter ID IMPROVES SURVIVAL C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Stamm, J (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD SEP 21 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 12 BP E315 EP E315 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000142202.91948.D4 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 855MP UT WOS:000223977700036 PM 15381665 ER PT J AU Coutu, RA Kladitis, PE Starman, LA Reid, JR AF Coutu, RA Kladitis, PE Starman, LA Reid, JR TI A comparison of micro-switch analytic, finite element, and experimental results SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers (Eurosensors XVII) CY SEP 21-24, 2003 CL Univ Minho, Guimaraes, PORTUGAL HO Univ Minho DE MEMS; micro-switch; contact force; contact resistance AB Electrostatically actuated, metal contact, micro-switches depend on having adequate contact force to achieve desired, low contact resistance. In this study, higher contact forces resulted from overdriving cantilever beam style switches, after pull-in or initial contact, until the beam collapsed onto the drive or actuation electrode. The difference between initial contact and beam collapse was defined as the useful contact force range. Micro-switch pull-in voltage, collapse voltage, and contact force predictions, modeled analytically and with the CoventorWare finite element software package, were compared to experimental results. Contact resistance was modeled analytically using Maxwellian spreading resistance theory. Contact resistance and contact force were further investigated by varying the width of the drive electrode. A minimum contact resistance of 0.26 Omega was measured on micro-switches with 150 mum-wide drive electrodes. The useful contact force range for these devices was between 22.7 and 58.3 V. Contributions of this work include: a contact force equation useful for initial micro-switch designs, a detailed pull-in voltage, collapse voltage, and contact force investigation using CoventorWare, a direct comparison of measured results with analytic and finite element predictions, and a means of choosing a micro-switch operating point for optimized contact resistance performance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Coutu, RA (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ronald.coutu@afit.edu RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2004 VL 115 IS 2-3 BP 252 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2004.03.019 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 857TP UT WOS:000224141500013 ER PT J AU Sarua, A Kuball, M Van Nostrand, JE AF Sarua, A Kuball, M Van Nostrand, JE TI Phonon deformation potentials of the E2(high) phonon mode of AlxGa1-xN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; WURTZITE ALN; THIN-FILMS; GAN; STRAIN; NITRIDE; STRESS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Micro-Raman spectroscopy was applied to study the E-2(high) phonon deformation potentials in AlxGa1-xN material, which are required to convert phonon frequency shifts into stress values. AlxGa1-xN layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy directly on (111)-oriented Si substrates. Mechanical bending was applied to introduce biaxial stress in the AlxGa1-xN layers and Raman shifts were measured as a function of the applied deformation. The Si phonon mode provided a reference for the applied stress and allowed determination of phonon deformation potential values for AlxGa1-xN. Deformation potentials of the GaN- and AlN-like E-2(high) phonon mode of AlGaN alloys were found to be similar to the corresponding values of binary compounds. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sarua, A (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. EM a.sarua@bris.ac.uk NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 20 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 12 BP 2217 EP 2219 DI 10.1063/1.1793338 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 857UW UT WOS:000224145300021 ER PT J AU Harrison, SA Fincke, C Helinski, D Torgerson, S Hayashi, P AF Harrison, SA Fincke, C Helinski, D Torgerson, S Hayashi, P TI A pilot study of orlistat treatment in obese, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients SO ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; FATTY LIVER; WEIGHT-REDUCTION; NATURAL-HISTORY; MORPHOLOGY; PREVALENCE; DISEASE AB Background: Treatment options for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are limited. Weight loss remains the most recommended therapy. Orlistat is an effective adjunct to dietary weight loss therapy. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of orlistat, given for 6 months to patients with obesity and biopsy confirmed NASH. Methods: Ten obese patients with biopsy proven NASH were enrolled. Orlistat was given with meals for 6 months. Body Mass Index (BMI), liver enzymes, haemoglobin A(1c), fasting lipids and glucose were assessed at baseline and at completion of the study. Paired liver histology was obtained. Results: Six women and four men were enrolled. The mean weight loss was 22.7 lb and ranged from 0 to 24.3%. The following clinical values significantly improved: mean BMI: 43.4-39.8 (P = 0.007); mean haemoglobin A(1c) (%): 7.14-5.95 (P = 0.021); mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (U/L): 93 -54 (P = 0.009); and mean aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (U/L): 79-48 (P = 0.008). Steatosis improved in six patients, and fibrosis improved in three patients. Conclusions: Orlistat therapy and dietary counselling were associated with significant decreases in body weight, haemoglobin A(1c), ALT and AST. A 10% or greater reduction in weight improved steatosis and fibrosis as well as haemoglobin A(1c) levels in the majority of patients treated for 6 months. Controlled trials of longer duration are warranted to assess for histopathologic improvement as well as cost-efficacy in comparison to diet and exercise alone. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Nutr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Harrison, SA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM stephen.harrison@cen.amedd.army.mil NR 21 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-2813 J9 ALIMENT PHARM THERAP JI Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 623 EP 628 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02153.x PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 851VE UT WOS:000223713300005 PM 15352910 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PD Rood, MJ Grevillot, G Wander, JD Hay, KJ AF Sullivan, PD Rood, MJ Grevillot, G Wander, JD Hay, KJ TI Activated carbon fiber cloth electrothermal swing adsorption system SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC VAPORS; DESORPTION; REGENERATION; RECOVERY AB Capture and recovery of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gas streams using physical adsorption onto activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC) is demonstrated on the bench-scale. This system is regenerated electrothermally, by passing an electric current directly through the ACFC. The adsorbate desorbs from the ACFC, rapidly condenses on the inside walls of the adsorber, and then drains from the adsorber as a pure liquid. Rapid electrothermal desorption exhibits such unique characteristics as extremely low purge gas flow rate, rapid rate of ACFC heating, rapid mass transfer kinetics inherent to ACFC, and in-vessel condensation. An existing system was scaled up 500%, and the new system was modeled using material and energy balances. Adsorption isotherms using methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and ACFC were obtained while electricity passed through the ACFC and at temperatures above MEK's boiling point. These isotherms agreed within 7% to Dubinin-Radushkevich modeled isotherms that were extrapolated from independently determined gravimetric measurements obtained at lower temperatures. Energy and material balances for the electrothermal desorption of organic vapors and ACFC agree to within 7% of experimentally measured values. These results allow the modeling of electrothermal desorption of organic vapors from gas streams with in-vessel condensation to optimize operating conditions of the system during regeneration of the adsorbent. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ecole Natl Super Ind Chim, CNRS, Chem Engn Sci Lab, F-54001 Nancy, France. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Sullivan, PD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM patrick.sullivan@tyndall.af.mil; mrood@uiuc.edu NR 24 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 18 BP 4865 EP 4877 DI 10.1021/es0306415 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 854XZ UT WOS:000223938500028 PM 15487798 ER PT J AU Repperger, DW Buckholtz, K Daniels, M AF Repperger, DW Buckholtz, K Daniels, M TI A study on the stabilization of the van der Pol limit cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SINGULARLY PERTURBED SYSTEMS; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; ROBUST-CONTROL; SLIDING MODE; FEEDBACK; NETWORKS AB The classical Van der Pol equation is investigated with the goal of stabilizing the well-known limit cycle with only a linear feedback controller. This result is demonstrated in this paper through a five-step process. The stabilization is global in the sense that, with the appropriate controller, the origin now becomes a stable equilibrium point for initial starting points both inside and outside the region, which would normally produce the oscillatory behavior. The technique is outlined in detail sufficient to generalize to other applications that arise in certain classes of nonlinear systems. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.repperger@he.wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7721 J9 INT J SYST SCI JI Int. J. Syst. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 35 IS 11 BP 661 EP 669 DI 10.1080/0020772041233131350 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 876ZJ UT WOS:000225537300005 ER PT J AU Slipenyuk, A Kuprin, V Milman, Y Spowart, JE Miracle, DB AF Slipenyuk, A Kuprin, V Milman, Y Spowart, JE Miracle, DB TI The effect of matrix to reinforcement particle size ratio (PSR) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a P/M processed AlCuMn/SiCp MMC SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE metal matrix composites; powder metallurgy; particle size ratio; reinforcement distribution; structure; mechanical behavior ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HEAT-TREATMENT; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE; FATIGUE AB Matrix to reinforcement particle size ratio (PSR) is the main factor governing the homogeneity of the reinforcement particle distribution in composites manufactured by the powder metallurgy route. To improve the homogeneity of the distribution, reinforcements with larger average particle size should be used. At the same time, increasing the reinforcement particle size leads to worsening of the mechanical properties due to lower work hardening and higher damage accumulation rates. It is therefore important to optimize the microstructure somewhere in between a smaller reinforcement particle size and a more homogeneous spatial distribution. The effect of PSR on the reinforcement spatial distribution. fabricability, and resulting mechanical properties of a P/M processed AlCuMn/SiC/15p composite was investigated. It was shown that increasing the PSR results in a less-uniform reinforcement distribution, which in turn leads to a decrease in the material fabricability and a general worsening of the mechanical properties. A close to linear dependence of the mechanical properties (yield stress, UTS, elongation before fracture. Young's modulus) on PSR was found. Tensile elongation shows the highest sensitivity to the worsening of the homogeneity of the reinforcement spatial distribution caused by increasing the PSR. The effect of microstructural homogeneity on the relative change of mechanical properties does not seem to depend on matrix alloy plasticity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Slipenyuk, A (reprint author), Inst Problems Mat Sci, 3 Krzhizhanovsky Str, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. EM san@ipms.kiev.ua OI Milman, Yuly/0000-0003-1889-7373 NR 16 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 381 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.04.040 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 852ER UT WOS:000223738500021 ER PT J AU Deshmukh, SP Mishra, RS Kendig, KL AF Deshmukh, SP Mishra, RS Kendig, KL TI Creep behavior and threshold stress of an extruded Al-6Mg-2Sc-1Zr alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloy; creep test; threshold stress ID MG-SC ALLOYS; AL(SC) ALLOYS; DISLOCATIONS; ALUMINUM AB Creep experiments were performed on extruded Al-6Mg-2Sc-1Zr (wt.%) alloy in a temperature range of 423-533 K. A threshold type creep behavior was measured and explained by observed dislocation-particle interactions. The experimental threshold stress values at various temperatures were compared with existing theoretical models. None of the available models could account for the decrease in threshold creep strength with increasing temperature. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Met Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mishra, RS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Met Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM rsmishra@umr.edu RI Mishra, Rajiv/A-7985-2009 OI Mishra, Rajiv/0000-0002-1699-0614 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 381 IS 1-2 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.05.025 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 852ER UT WOS:000223738500045 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, SA Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ AF Holmstrom, SA Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ TI Mechanical tuning of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal reflection gratings SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal reflective structures have been formed using a highly elastic photopolymer. The elasticity allows for mechanical tuning of the reflection notch by over 120 nm in the visible spectral range using compressive stress. The shift in the central position of the reflection notch is related to the strain in the system and an effective elastic modulus for the structure is obtained. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tulsa, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Holmstrom, SA (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM scott-holmstrom@utulsa.edu NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 11 BP 1949 EP 1951 DI 10.1063/1.1790601 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 854SJ UT WOS:000223923300027 ER PT J AU Bunker, CE Karnes, JJ AF Bunker, CE Karnes, JJ TI Low-temperature stability and high-temperature reactivity of iron-based core-shell nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SONOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; SUPERLATTICES; ANTHRACENES; DEPENDENCE C1 Propuls Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), Propuls Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil OI Karnes, John/0000-0002-2917-8406 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 35 BP 10852 EP 10853 DI 10.1021/ja0473891 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851NH UT WOS:000223691300028 PM 15339164 ER PT J AU Lu, YL Knize, RJ AF Lu, YL Knize, RJ TI Enhanced dielectric and electro-optic effects in relaxor oxide heterostructured superlattices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-PBTIO3; LAALO3 AB Artificial heterostructures alternated by tetragonal and rhombohedral phases have been introduced into two-dimensional (2D) relaxor (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3) thin films as one-dimensional (1D) superlattices. Spontaneous polarization coupling between the two phases was observed and attributed to both the natural existence of nano-features in ferroelectric relaxors and the slightly distorted crystalline structure in superlattices with much reduced internal strains. The dielectric constant increased by more than 50% and the out-of-plane electro-optic coefficient improved by more than one order of magnitude because of this coupling. These results demonstrate that these nano-scale heterostructures can be introduced into ID and 2D complex oxide materials for various photonic applications. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.af.mil NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD SEP 7 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 17 BP 2432 EP 2436 AR PII S0022-3727(04)81244-0 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/37/17/014 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 858HB UT WOS:000224181800015 ER PT J AU Vodo, P Parimi, PV Lu, WT Sridhar, S Wing, R AF Vodo, P Parimi, PV Lu, WT Sridhar, S Wing, R TI Microwave photonic crystal with tailor-made negative refractive index SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LENS AB Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in a metallic photonic crystal (PC) wedge are demonstrated in free space for both transverse magnetic and electric mode propagation. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with numerical calculations based on the band structure with no fit parameters used in modeling. The results demonstrate precision control on the design and fabrication of the PC to achieve tailor-made refractive indices between -0.6 and +1. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northeastern Univ, Elect Mat Res Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sridhar, S (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Elect Mat Res Inst, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM s.sridhar@neu.edu RI Sridhar, Srinivas/A-3688-2012 NR 11 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 6 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1858 EP 1860 DI 10.1063/1.1787959 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 853WL UT WOS:000223859800068 ER PT J AU Jobe, CE AF Jobe, CE TI Vortex breakdown location over 65 degrees delta wings empiricism and experiment SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION AB Thirty-eight data sets from static tests of various 65degrees delta wings in many water and wind tunnels are compared with four empirical vortex breakdown location prediction methods and the results of two Navier-Stokes Computations to assess their range of validity in pitch. Vortex breakdown is the sudden expansion and subsequent chaotic evolution of the otherwise orderly, spiraling, leading-edge vortex flow over the upper surface. Large fluctuations occur in vortex breakdown location at static test conditions making accurate experimental determination difficult. The prediction methods do not account for the seemingly minor geometric details that vary between the models such as thickness, leading-edge bevel angle and radius, trailing-edge bevel angle, sting mounting, instrument housings, etc. These geometric variations significantly affect the position of vortex breakdown and degrade the accuracy of the predictions. The large changes in the flow produced by small geometric changes indicate that an efficient flow control strategy may be possible. Many of the data sets are not corrected for tunnel wall effects, which may account for some of the differences. Data presented herein are as published by the original authors, without additional corrections. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 108 IS 1087 BP 475 EP 482 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 862IH UT WOS:000224483700004 ER PT J AU Wallace, J AF Wallace, J TI Supremacy clause immunity: Deriving a willfulness standard from sovereign immunity SO AMERICAN CRIMINAL LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law, Washington, DC 20057 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wallace, J (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CRIMINAL LAW REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA GEORGETOWN UNIV LAW CTR 600 NEW JERSEY AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0164-0364 J9 AM CRIM LAW REV JI Am. Crim. Law Rev. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1499 EP 1531 PG 33 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 893TO UT WOS:000226742400004 ER PT J AU Crownover, BK Jones, HM AF Crownover, BK Jones, HM TI Swollen, discolored toes - Blue toe syndrome SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 96th Med Grp, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. 3rd Med Grp, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. RP Crownover, BK (reprint author), 96th Med Grp, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 70 IS 5 BP 919 EP 920 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 853DA UT WOS:000223805400016 PM 15368731 ER PT J AU Gillen, GD Guha, S AF Gillen, GD Guha, S TI Modeling and propagation of near-field diffraction patterns: A more complete approach SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSES AB We discuss the origins and regions of validity of various near-field diffraction models. The complete Rayleigh-Sommerfeld model is found to accurately represent intensity distributions for axial distances up to and including the location of the aperture, a region where commonly used models fail. We show that near-field diffraction theory can be applied to the refraction of light at an interface between two different media yielding results that demonstrate the validity of Snell's law in the presence of diffraction. Calculations using near-field diffraction and Fourier optics are compared to experimentally measured intensity distributions. (C) 2004 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Gillen, GD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ggillen@anteon.com NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 72 IS 9 BP 1195 EP 1201 DI 10.1119/1.1767102 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 848PD UT WOS:000223478700011 ER PT J AU Tokish, JM Kocher, MS Hawkins, RJ AF Tokish, JM Kocher, MS Hawkins, RJ TI Ergogenic aids: A review of basic science, performance, side effects, and status in sports SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE performance-enhancing drugs; anabolic agents; steroids; stimulants ID HYDROXY-BETA-METHYLBUTYRATE; ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS; ORAL CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; BODY-COMPOSITION; SPRINT PERFORMANCE; ANDROSTENEDIONE-SUPPLEMENTATION; MUSCLE METABOLISM; YOUNG MEN C1 Attn Clin Res, Steadman Hawkins Sports Med Fdn, Vail, CO 81657 USA. US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Hawkins, RJ (reprint author), Attn Clin Res, Steadman Hawkins Sports Med Fdn, 181 W Meadows Dr,Suite 1000, Vail, CO 81657 USA. NR 102 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 29 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1543 EP 1553 DI 10.1177/0363546504268041 PG 11 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 847SO UT WOS:000223415400025 PM 15310585 ER PT J AU Pilmanis, AA Petropoulos, LJ Kannan, N Webb, JT AF Pilmanis, AA Petropoulos, LJ Kannan, N Webb, JT TI Decompression sickness risk model: Development and validation by 150 prospective hypobaric exposures SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bubble growth; model; altitude; DCS; emboli; decompression sickness; hypobaric; decompression; prebreathe; preoxygenation; venous gas emboli ID PROBABILISTIC MODEL; BUBBLE DYNAMICS; GAS BUBBLES; SYMPTOMS; TISSUE; BLOOD; ABSORPTION; THRESHOLD; GROWTH; OXYGEN AB Introduction: High altitude exposure has an inherent risk of altitude decompression sickness (DCS). A predictive DCS model was needed to reduce operational risk. To be operationally acceptable, such a theoretical model would need to be validated in the laboratory using human subjects. Methods: The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has conducted numerous studies on human subjects exposed to simulated altitudes in hypobaric chambers. The database from those studies was used to develop a statistical altitude DCS model. In addition, a bubble growth model was developed using a finite difference method to solve for bubble radius as a function of time. The bubble growth model, integrated with the statistical model, constitutes the AFRL DCS Risk Assessment Model. Validation of the model was accomplished by comparing computer predictions of DCS risk with results from subsequent prospective human subject exposures. There were five exposure profiles, not previously found in the database, covering a wide parameter of ranges of altitude (18,000-35,000 ft), exposure time (180-360 min), prebreathe time (0-90 min), and activity level (rest-strenuous) that were used. The subjects were monitored for DCS symptoms and venous gas emboli. Results: There were 30 subjects who were exposed to each of the 5 altitude profiles. The DCS incidence onset curves predicted by the model were not significantly different from the experimental values for all scenarios tested and were generally within +/- 5% of the actual values. Conclusion: A predictive altitude DCS model was successfully developed and validated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEPR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wyle Labs, Life Sci Syst & Serv, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Univ Texas, Dept Management Sci & Stat, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Pilmanis, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEPR, 2485 Gillingham Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM andrew.pilmanis@brooks.af.mil NR 46 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 75 IS 9 BP 749 EP 759 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 850FX UT WOS:000223597700002 PM 15460625 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL Smith, JK Brown, DL AF Caldwell, JA Caldwell, JL Smith, JK Brown, DL TI Modafinil's effects on simulator performance and mood in pilots during 37 h without sleep SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fatigue; sustained operations; Provigil((R)); fighter pilots; countermeasures ID COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; DEPRIVATION; ALERTNESS; CAFFEINE; PLACEBO AB Introduction: Modafinil is a relatively new alertness-enhancing compound of interest to the military aviation community. Although modafinil has been well-tested in clinical settings, additional studies are required to establish its safety and efficacy for use in pilots. Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine whether modafinil (100 mg after 17, 22, and 27 h without sleep) would attenuate the effects of fatigue on fighter-pilot mood and performance during 37 h of continuous wakefulness. Methods: A quasi-experimental, single-blind, counterbalanced design tested the effects of modafinil in 10 Air Force F-117 pilots. Results: Modafinil attenuated flight performance decrements on six of eight simulator maneuvers. Overall, modafinil maintained flight accuracy within approximately 15-30% of baseline levels, whereas performance under the no-treatment/placebo condition declined by as much as 60-100%. Modafinil decreased self-ratings of depression and anger, while improving ratings of vigor, alertness, and confidence. Benefits were most noticeable after 24 to 32 h of continuous wakefulness. One potential drawback of modafinil was that, at least at the 100-mg dose level, the drug's effects were not subjectively salient. Since this may lead personnel to escalate the dose without flight surgeon approval, personnel should be cautioned regarding this particular drug characteristic. Conclusion: Although modafinil did not sustain performance at predeprivation levels, the present study suggests that modafinil should be considered for the military's armament of short-term fatigue countermeasures. Future research will evaluate whether 200-mg doses are more beneficial than the 100-mg doses used here. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2485 Gillingham Dr,Suite 25, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM john.caldwell@brooks.af.mil NR 14 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 6 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 75 IS 9 BP 777 EP 784 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 850FX UT WOS:000223597700006 PM 15460629 ER PT J AU Guilbault, RL Bryant, FB Brockway, JH Posavac, EJ AF Guilbault, RL Bryant, FB Brockway, JH Posavac, EJ TI A meta-analysis of research on hindsight bias SO BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID KNEW-IT-ALL; DECISION-MAKING; CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION; OUTCOME KNOWLEDGE; FIELD-DEPENDENCE; CRIMINAL TRIAL; INFORMATION; LIKELIHOOD; FORESIGHT; EVENTS AB We conducted a meta-analysis of research on hindsight bias to gain an up-to-date summary of the overall strength of hindsight effects and to test hypotheses about potential moderators of hindsight distortion. A total of 95 studies (83 published and 12 unpublished) were included, and 252 independent effect sizes were coded for moderator variables in 3 broad categories involving characteristics of the study, of measurement, and of the experimental manipulation. When excluding missing effect sizes, the overall mean effect size was M-d = .39 with a 95% confidence interval of .36 to .42. Five main findings emerged: (a) effect sizes calculated from objective probability estimates were larger than effect sizes calculated from subjective probability estimates; (b) effect sizes of studies that used almanac questions were larger than effect sizes of studies that used real-world events or case histories; (c) studies that included neutral outcomes resulted in larger effect sizes than studies that used positive or negative outcomes; (d) studies that included manipulations to increase hindsight bias resulted in significantly larger effect sizes than studies in which there were no manipulations to reduce or increase hindsight bias; and (e) studies that included manipulations to reduce hindsight bias did not produce lower effect sizes. These findings contribute to our understanding of hindsight bias by updating the state of knowledge, widening the range of known moderator variables, identifying factors that may activate different mediating processes, and highlighting critical gaps in the research literature. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bryant, FB (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Psychol, 6525 N Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. EM fbryant@luc.edu NR 120 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 6 U2 21 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0197-3533 J9 BASIC APPL SOC PSYCH JI Basic Appl Soc. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 26 IS 2-3 BP 103 EP 117 DI 10.1207/s15324834basp2602&3_1 PG 15 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 855ZB UT WOS:000224012300001 ER PT J AU Bechel, VT Kim, RY AF Bechel, VT Kim, RY TI Damage trends in cryogenically cycled carbon/polymer composites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composites; environmental degradation; transverse cracking; residual stress, cryogenic cycling ID MATRIX CRACKING; MICROCRACKING AB Six carbon/polymer composites (three materials, two lay-ups each) were cryogenically cycled by repeated submersion of 5 cm x 5 ern flat plates in liquid nitrogen (LN2,). The materials and lay-ups were chosen to study the density of ply-level micro-cracks that formed as a function of number of cycles, prepreg thickness, residual stresses, and the orientation of adjacent plies. IM7/977-2 carbon/epoxy.. IM7/5250-4 carbon/bismaleimide, and IM7/3K carbon/epoxy cross-ply ([0/90](2S)) and quasi-isotropic ([0/45/45/90](S)) laminates were tested for up to 1000 cycles. Several trends in damage development were observed that should be considered when formulating a model for predicting the formation of micro-cracks due to cryogenic cycling. For example, reducing the ply thickness by 30% in the IM7/5250-4 delayed surface ply micro-cracking by up to 200 cycles. However, by 1000 cycles the surface ply microcrack densities were nearly equal regardless of the ply thickness. Also, micro-crack densities 2.5 cm away from the sample edges were greater than at the edges in plies with large amounts of damage (>0.2 micro-crack s/cm) and interior micro-cracks were often not extensions of micro-cracks observed on the edges of the samples. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bechel, VT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLBC, 2941 P St,Room 136, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vernon.bechel@wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1773 EP 1784 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2003.12.0073 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 840UU UT WOS:000222886200003 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Leonard, DL Vandewalle, KS Cohen, ME Charlton, DG AF Roberts, HW Leonard, DL Vandewalle, KS Cohen, ME Charlton, DG TI The effect of a translucent post on resin composite depth of cure SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE light transmittal; depth of cure; resin composite; translucent posts ID LIGHT-ACTIVATED COMPOSITES; TRANSMITTING POSTS; POLYMERIZATION; CONVERSION; TEETH AB Objective. To evaluate the effect of a light-transmitting post on the depth of cure of a resin composite. Methods. Acetate resin molds were filled with resin composite in which a Light-transmitting post was inserted into the center and photopolymerized to the manufacturer's recommendations. Identical molds without: a light-transmitting post were photopolymerized in a similar matter and served as a control. Molds were sectioned on a water-cooled, diamond saw at prescribed distances and the depth of cure was determined using a Knoop Hardness bottom-to-top ratio criterion. Data within each group were analyzed using 2-way (depth-by-distance) repeated measure ANOVA. Between-group contrasts (post versus no post) were accessed by a 3-way (2 within-subjects and 1 between-subjects) ANOVA with critical p = 0.05. Results. The presence of the post did increase (p < 0.001) Knoop Hardness values in simulated apical regions as compared to a control. However, there was no difference in the depth of cure between the groups (3-way analysis p = 0.2) and also when evaluated using an 80% bottom-to-top Knoop Hardness ratio. Significance. The results suggest that these posts may hive a limited utility when judged against a Knoop Hardness ratio criterion. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. C1 USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. Mission St Josephs Hosp, Asheville, NC USA. USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Roberts, HW (reprint author), USAF, Dent Invest Serv, Det 1 USAFSAM,310C B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM howard.roberts@ndri.med.navy.mil NR 36 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 7 BP 617 EP 622 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2003.10.004 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 848EU UT WOS:000223451100001 PM 15236935 ER PT J AU Poggie, J Erbland, PJ Smits, AJ Miles, RB AF Poggie, J Erbland, PJ Smits, AJ Miles, RB TI Quantitative visualization of compressible turbulent shear flows using condensate-enhanced Rayleigh scattering SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Review ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SUPERSONIC-FLOW; FLUCTUATIONS; REATTACHMENT; VELOCITY AB This paper describes several flow visualization experiments carried out in Mach 3 and Mach 8 turbulent shear flows. The experimental technique was based on laser scattering from particles of H2O or CO2 condensate that form in the wind tunnel nozzle expansion process. The condensate particles vaporize extremely rapidly on entering the relatively hot fluid within a turbulent structure, so that a sharp vaporization interface marks the outer edge of the rotational shear layer fluid. Calculations indicate that the observed thin interface corresponds to a particle size of 10 nm or less, which is consistent with optical measurements, and that particles of this size track the fluid motions well. Further, calculations and experiments show that the freestream concentration of condensate required for flow visualization has only a small effect on the wind tunnel pressure distribution. Statistics based on the image data were compared to corresponding results from probe measurements and agreement was obtained in statistical measures of speed, scale, and orientation of the large-scale structures in the shear layer turbulence. The condensate-enhanced Rayleigh scattering technique is judged to be a useful tool for quantitative studies of shear layer structure, particularly for identifying the instantaneous boundary layer edge and for extracting comparative information on the large-scale structures represented there. C1 USAF, Aeronaut Sci Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), USAF, Aeronaut Sci Div, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jonathan.poggie@wpafb.af.mil RI Smits, Alexander/B-4083-2016 OI Smits, Alexander/0000-0002-3883-8648 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD SEP PY 2004 VL 37 IS 3 BP 438 EP 454 DI 10.1007/s00348-004-0828-9 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 857DO UT WOS:000224096600012 ER PT J AU Zhao, JS Spain, J Thiboutot, S Ampleman, G Greer, C Hawari, J AF Zhao, JS Spain, J Thiboutot, S Ampleman, G Greer, C Hawari, J TI Phylogeny of cyclic nitramine-degrading psychrophilic bacteria in marine sediment and their potential role in the natural attenuation of explosives SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyclic nitramine explosive; RDX biodegradation; psychrophilic bacteria; marine bacteria; phylogeny; Shewanella; sulfate-reducing bacteria; methylenedinitramine; 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal; marine sediment ID MUNICIPAL ANAEROBIC SLUDGE; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; CLOSTRIDIUM-BIFERMENTANS; SHEWANELLA STRAINS; RHODOCOCCUS SP; SP. NOV.; BIODEGRADATION; SOIL; DEGRADATION; SEA AB Previously we reported on in situ mineralization of cyclic nitramine explosives including hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) in marine sediment from Halifax Harbour. In the present study, we isolated several novel psychrophilic bacteria from the sediment with optimal growth temperature at 10 or 15 degreesC. Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA genes identified the isolates as members of the gamma and delta subdivisions of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Clostridiales. The isolates mineralized 3.7-45.2% of RDX (92 muM) in 82 days of incubation at 10 degreesC under oxygen-limited or anaerobic conditions with the gamma subdivision isolates demonstrating the highest mineralization (45.2% of total C). Removal of RDX by all isolates was accompanied by the formation of all three nitroso derivatives, with the mono nitroso derivative (MNX) being the major one. Isolates of the delta proteobacteria and Fusobacteria removed HMX with concurrent formation of the mononitroso derivative (NO-HMX). Using resting cells of isolates of the gamma subdivision, methylenedinitramine (MEDINA) and 4-vitro-2,4-diazabutanal (NDAB) were detected, suggesting ring-cleavage following denitration of either RDX and/or its initially reduced product, MNX. These results clearly demonstrate that psychrophilic bacteria capable of degrading cyclic nitramines are present in the marine sediment, and might contribute to the in situ biodegradation and natural attenuation of the chemicals. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Def Res & Dev Estab, Dept Natl Def, Valcartier, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. RP Hawari, J (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. EM jalal.hawari@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca NR 43 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3 BP 349 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.04.008 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 851OS UT WOS:000223695000002 PM 19712285 ER PT J AU Bates, GW Propst, AM Robinson, RD Neal, GS Martin, JA Poole, TR AF Bates, GW Propst, AM Robinson, RD Neal, GS Martin, JA Poole, TR TI Strategies to reduce higher order multiples in ART. SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 16-20, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Reprod Med C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Fertil Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 82 SU 2 MA P223 BP S213 EP S214 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.565 PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 855YM UT WOS:000224010800554 ER PT J AU Wang, ZM Zhu, XA Tsai, CT Tham, CL Beraun, JE AF Wang, ZM Zhu, XA Tsai, CT Tham, CL Beraun, JE TI Hybrid-conventional finite element for gradient-dependent plasticity SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE hybrid stress stress element; gradient-dependent plasticity; softening plasticity; plastic boundary conditions ID POSTLOCALIZATION BEHAVIOR; SHEAR BANDS; DEFORMATION; LOCALIZATION; FORMULATION; MODELS AB The hybrid-conventional finite element method is applied to the analysis of quasi-static, gradient-dependent elastoplastic problems in solid mechanics. The stresses within the element domain and the displacements on the boundary are simultaneously and independently approximated using Trefftz constraints, which lead to boundary integrals. The plastic multipliers are conventionally approximated with regard to C-0 continuity of the multiplier field of the gradient-dependent plasticity. The finite element formulation is derived using a Galerkin-weighted residual approach. The plastic boundary conditions are examined and plastic radiations are set to zero on the plastic boundaries. The effectiveness of the present method is demonstrated with three numerical applications. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Laser Effects Res Branch, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tsai, CT (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM tsaict@fau.edu RI Tsai, C.T./A-4605-2008 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 40 IS 15 BP 2085 EP 2100 DI 10.1016/j.finel.2004.02.006 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 852KA UT WOS:000223753000004 ER PT J AU McPeak, MA AF McPeak, MA TI Hit or miss - What precision air weapons do, precisely SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP McPeak, MA (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COUNC FOREIGN RELAT INC PI NEW YORK PA 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0015-7120 J9 FOREIGN AFF JI Foreign Aff. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 83 IS 5 BP 160 EP 162 DI 10.2307/20034077 PG 3 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 846FC UT WOS:000223299800019 ER PT J AU McCarley, JS Vais, MJ Pringle, H Kramer, AF Irwin, DE Strayer, DL AF McCarley, JS Vais, MJ Pringle, H Kramer, AF Irwin, DE Strayer, DL TI Conversation disrupts change detection in complex traffic scenes SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID VISUAL-SEARCH; FIXATION DURATION; MENTAL WORKLOAD; DUAL-TASK; SEE; DISTRACTION; SITUATION; ATTENTION; MOVEMENT AB A set of studies examined the effects of cognitive distraction on visual scanning and change detection in natural traffic scenes. Experiment 1 found that a naturalistic hands-free phone conversation could disrupt change detection, thereby degrading the encoding of visual information and increasing the frequency of undetected changes. Data also revealed a tendency for conversation to impair knowledge-driven orienting of attention in older adults. Experiment 2 found that an attentive listening task produced no such effects. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of displays and interventions to minimize the effects of cognitive distraction on human performance. C1 Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Psychol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Illinois, Inst Aviat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kramer, AF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, 405 N Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM akramer@s.psych.uiuc.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG14966] NR 32 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 17 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FAL PY 2004 VL 46 IS 3 BP 424 EP 436 DI 10.1518/hfes.46.3.424.50394 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 869JJ UT WOS:000224978900005 PM 15573543 ER PT J AU Gavrielides, AT Lenstra, D Simpson, TB Ohtsuo, J AF Gavrielides, AT Lenstra, D Simpson, TB Ohtsuo, J TI Introduction to the special issue on nonlinear optics SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Free Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Interuniv Res Inst, COBRA, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Titan Corp, Appl Technol Sector, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Shizuoka Univ, Fac Engn, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4328561, Japan. RP Gavrielides, AT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 859 EP 861 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2004.837202 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 878RU UT WOS:000225665200001 ER PT J AU Welsh, BM Kent, BM Buterbaugh, AL AF Welsh, BM Kent, BM Buterbaugh, AL TI Full polarimetric calibration for radar cross-section measurements: Performance analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE calibration; polarimetric calibration; polarization ID ALGORITHM AB Full polarimetric scattering measurements are increasingly required for radar cross-section (RCS) tests. Conventional calibration fails to take into account the small amount of antenna cross-polarization coupling that will be present for any practical antenna. In contrast, full polarimetric calibration takes into account and compensates for the nonideal couplings in the transmit and receive channels and paths. We use an existing full polarimetric calibration procedure and a simulation-based performance to study how well the procedure improves measurement accuracy over conventional calibration under practical measurement conditions. C1 ATK Mission Res, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Welsh, BM (reprint author), ATK Mission Res, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. EM byroii.welsh@atk.com; brian.kent@wpafb.af.mil; alan.buter-baugh@atk.com NR 13 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 52 IS 9 BP 2357 EP 2365 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.834042 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 854AB UT WOS:000223871200017 ER PT J AU Eismann, MT Hardie, RC AF Eismann, MT Hardie, RC TI Application of the stochastic mixing model to hyperspectral resolution, enhancement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; maximum a postetiori (MAP) estimation; resolution enhancement; stochastic mixing model ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGE DATA; FUSION AB A maximum a postetiori (MAP) estimation method is described for enhancing the spatial resolution of a hyperspectral image using a higher resolution coincident panchromatic image. The approach makes use of a stochastic mixing model (SMM) of the underlying spectral scene content to develop a cost function that simultaneously optimizes the estimated hyperspectral scene relative to the observed, hyperspectral and panchromatic imagery,. as well as the local statistics of the spectral mixing model. The incorporation of the stochastic mixing model is found to be the key ingredient for reconstructing subpixel spectral information in that it provides the necessary constraints that lead to a well-conditioned linear system of equations for the.,high-resolution hyperspectral image estimate. Here, the mathematical formulation of the proposed MAP method is described. Also, enhancement results using various hyperspectral image datasets are provided. In general, it is found that the MAP/SMM method is able to reconstruct subpixel information in several principal components of the high-resolution hyperspectral image estimate, while the enhancement for conventional methods, like those based on least squares estimation, is limited primarily to the first principal component (i.e., the intensity component). C1 USAF, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.eis-mann@wpafb.af.mil; rhardie@udayton.edu NR 26 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2004 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1924 EP 1933 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.830644 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 854VM UT WOS:000223931600013 ER PT J AU Hardie, RC Eismann, MT Wilson, GL AF Hardie, RC Eismann, MT Wilson, GL TI MAP estimation for hyperspectral image resolution enhancement using an auxiliary sensor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation; multisensor; multispectral; panchromatic sharpening; resolution enhancement ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; FUSION; MULTIRESOLUTION; RECONSTRUCTION; SEQUENCE; MODELS AB This paper presents a novel maximum a posteriori estimator for enhancing the spatial resolution of an image using co-registered high spatial-resolution imagery from an auxiliary sensor. Here, we focus on the use of high-resolution panchomatic data to enhance hyperspectral imagery. However, the estimation framework developed allows for any number of spectral bands in the primary and auxiliary image. The proposed technique is suitable for applications where some correlation, either localized or global, exists between the auxiliary image and the image being enhanced. To exploit localized correlations, a spatially varying statistical model, based on vector quantization, is used. Another important aspect of the proposed algorithm is that it allows for the use of an accurate observation model relating the "true" scene with the low-resolutions observations. Experimental results with hyperspectral data derived from the airborne visible-infrared imaging spectrometer are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed estimator. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mission Res Corp, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. RP Hardie, RC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. EM rhardie@udayton.edu; Michael.Eismann@wpafb.af.mil; gwilson@mrcday.com NR 22 TC 74 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1174 EP 1184 DI 10.1109/TIP.2004.829779 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 846YW UT WOS:000223356600002 PM 15449580 ER PT J AU Schneider, NL Narayanan, S Patel, C Carrico, T Hill, RR AF Schneider, NL Narayanan, S Patel, C Carrico, T Hill, RR TI Integration of genetic algoritems with airbase smulations for repair time analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING-THEORY APPLICATIONS AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithms; logistics modeling; interactive simulations ID OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEM AB Simulations have been used to investigate many important Air Force logistics issues such as personnel and resource procurement and allocation, logistics planning and policy analysis. Traditional simulations are descriptive in nature, but can be used prescriptively through what-if analysis. The quality of the resulting solution is clearly dependent on the alternative configurations considered in the analysis. Manual tweaking of system parameters in what-if analysis to generate good alternatives for performance analysis is inefficient. In this paper, we present an approach that integrates genetic algorithms with discrete-event airbase simulations for exploring the solution space in the context of aircraft repair time analysis. The article describes the overall approach and the associated computer implementation and presents an evaluation. C1 Ball Aerosp, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. PyBiz Com, Santa Clara, CA USA. DARPA, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schneider, NL (reprint author), Ball Aerosp, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CINCINNATI INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PI CINCINNATI PA UNIV CINCINNATI, CINCINNATI, OH 45221-0116 USA SN 1072-4761 J9 INT J IND ENG-THEORY JI Int. J. Ind. Eng.-Theory Appl. Pract. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 11 IS 3 BP 231 EP 240 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 877GU UT WOS:000225556700003 ER PT J AU Paul, D Pratt, D AF Paul, D Pratt, D TI History of flight vehicle structures 1903-1990 SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB In spite of the often made claims of revolutionary design in military airframes, construction has historically been very evolutionary in nature. It is often a blend of traditional design and new emerging technology. The new technology is incorporated because it is identified as having some potential improvement in airframe weight, performance, survivability, supportability, or cost. This evolution and technology insertion process will be discussed in terms of the key subareas of structural concepts and materials, design criteria. and analysis and design techniques. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Paul, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 41 IS 5 BP 969 EP 977 DI 10.2514/1.4036 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 862EI UT WOS:000224472600001 ER PT J AU Clay, CL AF Clay, CL TI High speed flight vehicles structures: An overview SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB High-speed vehicle structures have been of interest since the earliest days of aviation. Every since that fateful day at Kittyhawk, North Carolina, the quest for speed has been inseparable from the world of aviation. Some of the advances in structures technology are explored specifically for hypersonic flight vehicle structures during the first century of aviation. In particular, those advances pointing toward the next century hypersonic vehicles are examined. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clay, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 41 IS 5 BP 978 EP 985 DI 10.2514/1.3880 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 862EI UT WOS:000224472600002 ER PT J AU Kholodar, DB Dowell, EH Thomas, JP Hall, KC AF Kholodar, DB Dowell, EH Thomas, JP Hall, KC TI Limit-cycle oscillations of a typical airfoil in transonic flow SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID FLUTTER AB Using an inviscid flow computational-fluid-dynamic model and a harmonic balance flow solver, a parametric investigation of how structural-inertial parameters and freestream Mach number of a transonic flow affect the limit-cycle oscillation characteristics of a typical two-degree-of-freedom transonic airfoil configuration is presented. The computational efficiency of the harmonic balance aerodynamic model allows a much more thorough exploration of the parameter range than has been possible previously. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Kholodar, DB (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1067 EP 1072 DI 10.2514/1.618 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 862EI UT WOS:000224472600010 ER PT J AU Pettit, CL AF Pettit, CL TI Uncertainty quantification in aeroelasticity: Recent results and research challenges SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; SUPERSONIC FLUTTER; POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; RELIABILITY; EQUATIONS AB Static and dynamic aeroelasticity considerations are a particularly important component of airframe design because they often control safety and performance. Consequently, the impact of uncertainty on aeroelastic response prediction has begun to receive substantial attention in the research literature. In this paper, general sources of uncertainty that complicate airframe design and testing are briefly described. Recent applications of uncertainty quantification to various aeroelastic problems, for example, flutter flight testing, prediction of limit-cycle oscillations, and design optimization with aeroelastic constraints, are reviewed with an emphasis on new physical insights and promising paths toward improved design methods that have resulted from these studies. Several challenges and needs are explored to suggest future steps that will enable practical application of uncertainty quantification in aeroelasticity design and certification. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pettit, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASD, 2130 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chris.pettit@wpafb.af.mil RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 69 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1217 EP 1229 DI 10.2514/1.3961 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 862EI UT WOS:000224472600028 ER PT J AU Rathkopf, MM Whisman, BA Hagan, LL AF Rathkopf, MM Whisman, BA Hagan, LL TI Sugar glider allergy: Identification of serum specific IgE SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Rathkopf, MM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, 759 MDOS MMIA,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 114 IS 3 BP 693 EP 695 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.05.040 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 853AX UT WOS:000223799600036 PM 15446294 ER PT J AU Roy, S Gaitonde, D AF Roy, S Gaitonde, D TI Radio frequency induced ionized collisional flow model for application at atmospheric pressures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGE; PLASMA; SHEATH AB We present the development and application of a versatile finite-element method to discretize direct current and radio frequency (rf) induced plasma-sheath dynamics, using multifluid equations. For the former, argon gas is assumed, and the solution is verified by comparison with a theoretical model obtained from the literature. For rf discharges, partially ionized helium gas is considered between two electrodes coated in a dielectric material. The computed solutions for charge densities, the ion velocity and the neutral gas density and crossflow distributions show expected trends. Specifically, ion and electron number densities at the peak discharge current are compared with published numerical results. The derived electric field is utilized with a simple phenomenological model applicable to the transverse velocity in a one-dimensional situation to predict the anticipated hump in the near wall profile. The next step of extending the model, through future work, to two dimensions and for polyphase supply as implemented in realistic configurations is greatly facilitated by the generality of the chosen finite-element method. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ketttering Univ, Computat Plasma Dynam Lab, Flint, MI 48504 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Ketttering Univ, Computat Plasma Dynam Lab, Flint, MI 48504 USA. EM sroy@kettering.edu RI Roy, Subrata/A-7493-2009 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 2476 EP 2481 DI 10.1063/1.1778474 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 851XH UT WOS:000223719300009 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Mahalingam, K AF Haugan, HJ Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Mahalingam, K TI Band gap tuning of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices for mid-infrared detection SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC DETECTORS; TEMPERATURE AB The superlattice (SL) of a 40 period InAs/GaSb SL structure were varied around the 20.5 Angstrom InAs/24 Angstrom GaSb design in order to produce a device with an optimum mid-infrared photoresponse and a sharpest photoresponse cutoff. The samples for this study were grown by molecular beam epitaxy with precisely calibrated growth rates. Varying individual layer width around the nominal design, we were able to systematically change the photoresponse cutoff wavelength between 4.36 to 3.45 um by decreasing the InAs width from 23.5 to 17.5 Angstrom, and between 4.55 to 4.03 mum by increasing the GaSb width from 18 to 27 Angstrom. Therefore, the cutoff changes faster with decreasing InAs rather than increasing GaSb width. However, increasing GaSb width more effectively enhances the sharpness of photoresponse near band edge. The effect of design parameters on the photoresponse cutoff and other effects are explained by a nonperturbative, modified envelope function approximation (EFA) calculation that includes the interface coupling of heavy, light, and spin-orbit holes resulting from the in-plane asymmetry at InAs/GaSb interfaces. Using the modified EFA model, the SL design at fixed period of 44.5 Angstrom was adjusted for the optimum performance. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan@wpafb.afrl.mil NR 9 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 5 BP 2580 EP 2585 DI 10.1063/1.1776321 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 851XH UT WOS:000223719300024 ER PT J AU Kern, PA Said, S Jackson, WG Michalek, JE AF Kern, PA Said, S Jackson, WG Michalek, JE TI Insulin sensitivity following Agent Orange exposure in Vietnam veterans with high blood levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; GROWTH-FACTOR EXPRESSION; SERUM DIOXIN; FACTOR-ALPHA; INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; PATERNAL DIOXIN; ADIPOSE-TISSUE AB Our objective was to determine whether insulin sensitivity was related to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ( TCDD) in Vietnam veterans exposed to Agent Orange. Air Force veterans of Operation Ranch Hand, the unit responsible for spraying Agent Orange and other herbicides in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971, and comparison veterans who did not spray herbicides were included. We measured insulin sensitivity ( SI) using a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test in a matched study of 29 matched pairs of veterans and a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) based on fasting glucose and insulin in 71 matched pairs. No group differences were found with regard to the mean values of SI, QUICKI, TNFalpha, adiponectin, and two measures of insulin secretion. However, S(I) and QUICKI decreased significantly with regard to TCDD ( P = 0.01 and 0.02). A corresponding pattern ( although not significant) was found for blood levels of TNFalpha and adiponectin. These data suggest that high blood TCDD levels may promote an insulin-resistant state, but the magnitude of this effect appeared to be small, such that an 18-fold increase in blood TCDD due to increased exposure resulted in only a 10% change in SI in the 29 matched pairs. C1 AFRL, HEDA, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Div Endocrinol, Dept Med, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), AFRL, HEDA, 2655 Flight Nurse, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM joel.michalek@brooks.af.mil FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR14288] NR 48 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 9 BP 4665 EP 4672 DI 10.1210/jc.2004-0250 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 852GM UT WOS:000223743600078 PM 15356078 ER PT J AU Rapoport, A Stein, WE Parco, JE Seale, DA AF Rapoport, A Stein, WE Parco, JE Seale, DA TI Equilibrium play in single-server queues with endogenously determined arrival times SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR & ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE queueing; endogenous arrival times; mixed-strategy equilibrium; experimentation ID ENTRY GAMES; COORDINATION AB We study a class of queueing problems with endogenous arrival times formulated as non-cooperative n-person games in normal form. With multiple equilibria in pure strategies, these queueing games give rise to problems of tacit coordination. We first describe a Markov chain algorithm used to compute the symmetric mixed-strategy equilibrium solution, and then report the results of an experimental study of a large-scale (n = 20) queueing game with fixed service time, FIFO queue discipline, and no early arrivals. Our results show consistent and replicable patterns of arrival that provide strong Support for mixed-strategy equilibrium play on the aggregate but not individual level. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Management & Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Rapoport, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Management & Policy, McClelland Hall 405, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM amnon@u.arizona.edu RI Parco, James/I-4836-2012 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2681 J9 J ECON BEHAV ORGAN JI J. Econ. Behav. Organ. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 55 IS 1 BP 67 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jebo.2003.07.003 PG 25 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 853OB UT WOS:000223835800005 ER PT J AU Lauer, KP Llorente, I Blair, E Seto, J Krasnov, V Purkayastha, A Ditty, SE Hadfield, TL Buck, C Tibbetts, C Seto, D AF Lauer, KP Llorente, I Blair, E Seto, J Krasnov, V Purkayastha, A Ditty, SE Hadfield, TL Buck, C Tibbetts, C Seto, D TI Natural variation among human adenoviruses: genome sequence and annotation of human adenovirus serotype 1 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR LATE PROMOTER; DNA-REPLICATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; BINDING PROTEIN; IN-VIVO; GENE; TRANSCRIPTION; ORGANIZATION; REDUNDANT AB The 36 001 base pair DNA sequence of human adenovirus serotype 1 (HAdV-1) has been determined, using a 'leveraged primer sequencing strategy' to generate high quality sequences economically. This annotated genome (GenBank AF534906) confirms anticipated similarity to closely related species C (formerly subgroup), human adenoviruses HAdV-2 and -5, and near identity with earlier reports of sequences representing parts of the HAdV-1 genome. A first round of HAdV-1 sequence data acquisition used PCR amplification and sequencing primers from sequences common to the genomes of HAdV-2 and -5. The subsequent rounds of sequencing used primers derived from the newly generated data. Corroborative re-sequencing with primers selected from this HAdV-1 dataset generated sparsely tiled arrays of high quality sequencing ladders spanning both complementary strands of the HAdV-1 genome, These strategies allow for rapid and accurate low-pass sequencing of genomes. Such rapid genome determinations facilitate the development of specific probes for differentiation of family, serotype, subtype and strain (e.g. pathogen genome signatures). These will be used to monitor epidemic outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in a defined test bed by the Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance (EOS) project. C1 George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Manassas, VA USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis Pathol, Div Microbiol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. ATCC, Dept Virol, Manassas, VA 20108 USA. USAF, HQ, Surg Gen Off, Directorate Modernizat,SGR, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. Epidem Outbreak Surveillance EOS Consortium, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Seto, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, 10900 Univ Blvd,MSN 5B3, Manassas, VA USA. EM dseto@gmu.edu RI Krasnov, Vladimir/L-5582-2014 OI Krasnov, Vladimir/0000-0002-5200-3057 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG00562] NR 62 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 EI 1465-2099 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 85 BP 2615 EP 2625 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80118-0 PN 9 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 849XR UT WOS:000223575500013 PM 15302955 ER PT J AU Bolender, MA Doman, DB AF Bolender, MA Doman, DB TI Method for determination of nonlinear attainable moment sets SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Aerospace Conference CY 2003 CL Big Sky, MT ID CONSTRAINED CONTROL ALLOCATION AB A method for generating attainable moment sets for left-right pairs of nonlinear control effectors on aircraft is presented. It is shown that the determination of the attainable moment set boundary c an be posed as a constrained, nonlinear optimization problem. The first-order necessary conditions for a point to be on the boundary are simply the Kuhn-Tucker first-order necessary conditions. An algorithm is given where the Kuhn-Tucker points for a given point in the pitch-roll plane are constructed for each control effector configuration that forms a candidate boundary. The Kuhn-Tucker points are then checked for feasibility, and the points on the boundary are those that produce extremal values of the objective function. The nonlinear attainable moment set boundary is used to determine feasibility of moment commands generated by the flight control system. Infeasible commands are clipped to the boundary of the attainable moment set. If a commanded moment is feasible, a constrained optimization problem is solved for the control surface deflections. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Control Theory & Optimizat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bolender, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Theory & Optimizat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 907 EP 914 DI 10.2514/1.9548 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 854BT UT WOS:000223875900018 ER PT J AU Oppenheimer, MW Doman, DB AF Oppenheimer, MW Doman, DB TI Methods for compensating for control allocator and actuator interactions SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINED CONTROL ALLOCATION C1 USAF, Res Lab, Control Theory & Optimizat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oppenheimer, MW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Theory & Optimizat Branch, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146,Room 305, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Oppenheimer@wpafb.af.mil; David.Doman@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 922 EP 927 DI 10.2514/1.7004 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 854BT UT WOS:000223875900021 ER PT J AU Neelon, MF Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Neelon, MF Brungart, DS Simpson, BD TI The isoazimuthal perception of sounds across distance: A preliminary investigation into the location of the audio egocenter SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE auditory; egocenter; localization; multisensory; cortex; visual ID EYE POSITION; LOCALIZATION; LATERALIZATION; INTEGRATION; TARGETS AB Evidence indicates that both visual and auditory input may be represented in multiple frames of reference at different processing stages in the nervous system. Most models, however, have assumed that unimodal auditory input is first encoded in a head-centered reference frame. The present work tested this conjecture by measuring the subjective auditory egocenter in six blindfolded listeners who were asked to match the perceived azimuths of sounds that were alternately played between a surrounding arc of far-field speakers and a hand-held point source located three different distances from the head. If unimodal auditory representation is head centered, then "isoazimuth" lines fitted to the matching estimates across distance should intersect near the midpoint of the interaural axis. For frontomedially arranged speakers, isoazimuth lines instead converged in front of the interaural axis for all listeners, often at a point between the two eyes. As far-field sources moved outside the visual field, however, the auditory egocenter location implied by the intersection of the isoazimuth lines retreated toward or even behind the interaural axis. Physiological and behavioral evidence is used to explain this change from an eye-centered to a head-centered auditory egocenter as a function of source laterality. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Waisman Ctr 619, Madison, WI 53705 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Neelon, MF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Waisman Ctr 619, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM mfneelon@wisc.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 24 IS 35 BP 7640 EP 7647 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0737-04.2004 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 851ZL UT WOS:000223724900006 PM 15342730 ER PT J AU Cruse, TA AF Cruse, TA TI Future directions in NDE and structural health monitoring SO JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cruse, TA (reprint author), AFRL, Bldg 15,Room 225,1864 4th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.cruse@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9298 J9 J NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI J. Nondestruct. Eval. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 77 EP 79 DI 10.1023/B:JONE.0000048863.83986.c9 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 873RJ UT WOS:000225298300001 ER PT J AU Blodgett, MP Nagy, PB AF Blodgett, MP Nagy, PB TI Eddy current assessment of near-surface residual stress in shot-peened nickel-base superalloys SO JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE eddy current; shot peening; residual stress ID CONDUCTIVITY PROFILES; METALS; INVERSION AB It is shown in this paper that, in contrast with most other materials, shot-peened nickel-base superalloys exhibit an apparent increase in eddy current conductivity at increasing inspection frequencies, which can be exploited for nondestructive residual stress assessment of subsurface residual stresses. It has been found that the primary reason why nickel-base superalloys, which are often used in the most critical gas-turbine engine components, lend themselves easily for eddy current residual stress assessment lies in their favorable electro-elastic behavior, namely that the parallel stress coefficient of the eddy current conductivity has a large negative value while the normal coefficient is smaller but also negative. As a result, the average stress coefficient is also large and negative, therefore the essentially isotropic compressive plane state of stress produced by most surface treatments causes a significant increase in conductivity parallel to the surface. The exact reason for this unusual behavior is presently unknown, but the role of paramagnetic contributions cannot be excluded, therefore the measured quantity will be referred to as "apparent" eddy current conductivity. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate that the magnitude of the increase in apparent eddy current conductivity correlates well with the initial peening intensity as well as with the remnant residual stress after thermal relaxation. C1 AFRL, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Nagy, PB (reprint author), AFRL, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.nagy@uc.edu RI Nagy, Peter/O-5404-2016 OI Nagy, Peter/0000-0001-5715-2409 NR 25 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9298 J9 J NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI J. Nondestruct. Eval. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 107 EP 123 DI 10.1023/B:JONE.0000048866.40648.fe PG 17 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 873RJ UT WOS:000225298300004 ER PT J AU Oz, G Dolanmaz, D Uckan, S Gunhan, M Armstrong, AW AF Oz, G Dolanmaz, D Uckan, S Gunhan, M Armstrong, AW TI Persistent painful swelling in the posterior mandible SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ANEURYSMAL BONE-CYST; JAWS; MAXILLA; PATHOGENESIS; CONDYLE; LESION C1 Selcuk Univ, Dishekimligi Fak, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Fac Dent, TR-42079 Konya, Turkey. Baskent Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, TR-06490 Ankara, Turkey. Gulhane Mil Med Acad, Dept Pathol, Ankara, Turkey. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Oz, G (reprint author), Selcuk Univ, Dishekimligi Fak, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Fac Dent, Agiz Dis Cene Hastaliklari & Cerrahisi Bolumu,Kam, TR-42079 Konya, Turkey. EM ozgulsun@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 62 IS 9 BP 1139 EP 1143 DI 10.1016/j.joms.2003.11.015 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 851TT UT WOS:000223709300016 PM 15346367 ER PT J AU Deas, DE Moritz, AJ McDonnell, HT Powell, CA Mealey, BL AF Deas, DE Moritz, AJ McDonnell, HT Powell, CA Mealey, BL TI Osseous surgery for crown lengthening: A 6-month clinical study SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alveolar bone; follow-up studies; surgical flaps; tooth/anatomy and histology; tooth crown/surgery ID WIDTH AB Background: Despite the fact that surgical crown lengthening is a commonly performed treatment, little is known about the specific surgical endpoints of the procedure or the stability of the newly attained crown height over time. Recent clinical reports have ranged across a spectrum from significant tissue rebound to remarkable stability using similar surgical techniques. The purpose of this study was to assess the stability of surgical crown lengthening procedures performed by various surgeons using specific guidelines to determine surgical endpoints. Specifically, we sought to determine the following: 1) What is the immediate increase in clinical crown height following surgery? 2) How stable is the established crown length over a 6-month period? 3) How much supporting bone is removed to establish the new crown length? 4) How does the position of the flap margin relative to the alveolar bone at surgical closure relate to the stability of crown height?. Methods: Twenty-flue patients requiring crown lengthening of 43 teeth were included in this study. Clinical indices recorded at eight sites on each molar and six sites on each premolar included plaque, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and relative attachment level from a customized probing stent. Surgical measurements at the same sites included the distance from stent to alveolar bone both before and after osseous surgery and the distance from flap margin to alveolar bone after suturing. Clinical measurements were repeated at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Sites were divided into three groups. All sites on teeth targeted for crown lengthening were labeled treated sites (TT). Interproximal sites on neighboring teeth were labeled adjacent (AA) if they shared a proximal surface with a treated tooth and non-adjacent (AN) if they were on the opposite side, away from the treated tooth. Results: Throughout the entire 6-month healing period, descriptive statistics revealed no significant time or group differences in plaque and bleeding scores. At treated sites, the mean gain of crown height at surgery was 2.27 +/- 1.1 mm. This was reduced to 1.91 +/- 1.08 mm at I month, 1.69 +/- 1.02 mm at 3 months, and 1.57 +/- 1.01 mm at 6 months. At adjacent sites, the gain of crown length was 2.18 +/- 0.98 mm, 1.61 +/- 0.98 mm, 1.43 +/- 0.96 mm, and 1.30 +/- 0.96 mm at surgery, 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. At non-adjacent sites the crown height increased 1.06 +/- 1.07 mm, 1.00 +/- 0.93 mm, 0.84 +/- 1.00 mm, and 0.76 +/- 0.85 mm, respectively. These mean measurements were significantly different for each treatment group at each time interval and appeared not to have stabilized between 3 and 6 months. The mean osseous reduction at treated, adjacent, and non-adjacent sites was 1.13 +/- 0.90 mm, 0.78 +/- 0.75 mm, and 0.065 +/- 0.69 mm, respectively. Frequency distribution of osseous reduction demonstrated that 23.6% of treated sites had 0 mm, 44.3% had 1 mm, 25.4% had 2 mm, 6.2% had 3 mm, and less than 1% had greater than or equal to 4 mm of bone removed to establish crown height. More bone removal was noted at premolar than at molar sites; however, this was not statistically significant. When tissue rebound following surgery was plotted against post-surgical flap position, it was noted that the closer the flap margin was sutured to the alveolar crest, the greater the tissue rebound during the post-surgical period. This rebound ranged from 1.33 +/- 1.02 mm when the flap was sutured less than or equal to 1 mm from the alveolar crest, to -0.16 +/- 1.15 mm when the flap was sutured greater than or equal to4 mm from the alveolar crest. Conclusions: These data suggest that there is a significant tissue rebound following crown-lengthening surgery that has not fully stabilized by 6 months. The amount of tissue rebound seems related to the position of the flap relative to the alveolar crest at suturing. These findings support the premise that clinicians should establish proper crown height during surgery without overreliance on flap placement at the osseous crest. C1 USAF, Periodont Residency, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Deas, DE (reprint author), MRDT, 59th Med Wing,2450 Pepperrell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 75 IS 9 BP 1288 EP 1294 DI 10.1902/jop.2004.75.9.1288 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 858UV UT WOS:000224218500018 PM 15515347 ER PT J AU Pettis, R Knowles, MR Olivier, KN Kazantseva, M Hickey, AJ AF Pettis, R Knowles, MR Olivier, KN Kazantseva, M Hickey, AJ TI Ionic interaction of amiloride and uridine 5 '-triphosphate in nebulizer solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE amiloride; uridine 5 '-triphosphate; equilibrium solubility; co-precipitation; pulmonary drug delivery; aerosol administration; cystic fibrosis ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE; AIRWAY; AEROSOLS; THERAPY; SAFETY; WATER AB Combination therapy using nebulized amiloride hydrochloride and uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP) trisodium salt aerosols has been investigated for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). Amiloride in aqueous solution precipitates in the presence of UTP, reducing drug concentrations. Interactions between these drugs and NaCl in solution were studied using phase-solubility techniques monitored by UV spectrophotometry. Elemental analyses were employed for precipitate characterization. Amiloride solubility was reduced by more than 85% in saline. Amiloride solubility decreased with increasing UTP concentration, resulting in formation of a precipitated complex. The theoretical molar ratio of complexes range from 1-3 amiloride: 1 UTP. At most concentrations only 3 amiloride: 1 UTP complex was observed in precipitate. This is a reflection of low Ksp for the 3:1 complex of 2.92 x 10(-11) M-4 compared with 2.09 x 10(-4) M-2 for amiloride alone. Equilibration over excess bulk solid resulted in higher solubility estimates and different phase solubility diagrams than solubility studies utilizing precipitation technique. This may be explained by the absence of amiloride in the solid state and its impact on complex equilibria with UTP. The solubility suppressing effects of UTP and saline were largely additive. A number of ionic interactions increase complex solubility profile of amiloride hydrochloride in the presence of UTP and NaCl. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Becton Dickinson Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Cyst Fibrosis Pulm Res & Treatment Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Hickey, AJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, 1310 Kerr Hall,CB 7360, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ahickey@unc.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 93 IS 9 BP 2399 EP 2406 DI 10.1002/jps.20142 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 849SV UT WOS:000223561900021 PM 15295799 ER PT J AU Gruber, MR Donbar, JM Carter, CD Hsu, KY AF Gruber, MR Donbar, JM Carter, CD Hsu, KY TI Mixing and combustion studies using cavity-based flameholders in a supersonic flow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID FLAME STABILIZATION AB An experimental investigation of the mixing and combustion processes that occur in and around a cavity-based flameholder in a supersonic flow is reported. Cavity-based flameholders are commonly found in hydrocarbon-fueled scramjet combustors; however, detailed information concerning the behavior of these devices, their optimal shape and fueling strategies, combustion stability, and interactions with disturbances in the main airflow (i.e., shock trains or shock-boundary layer interactions) is largely unavailable in the existing literature. This work is part of an ongoing research program aimed at providing information to help fill these voids and improve the overall understanding of cavities for use as scramjet flameholders. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Gruber, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRl PRAS Bldg 18,1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 88 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 769 EP 778 DI 10.2514/1.5360 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 854VV UT WOS:000223932600001 ER PT J AU Kenyon, JA Griffin, JH Kim, NE AF Kenyon, JA Griffin, JH Kim, NE TI Frequency veering effects on mistuned bladed disk forced response SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 39th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 20, 2003 CL Huntsville, AL SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID ORDER MODELING TECHNIQUES; LOCALIZATION; VIBRATION AB Bladed disk mistuning is a significant contributor to gas-turbine high cycle fatigue. Frequency veering is known to increase bladed disk sensitivity to mistuning, but the reasons for the increased sensitivity are not well understood. The frequency veering effects on mistuned bladed disk forced response are investigated. Expressions for the forced response of a mistuned bladed disk with frequency veering are developed. These expressions are cast in a form that identifies the mechanisms through which frequency veering affects mistuned forced response. The accuracy of these expressions is then demonstrated by the use of two numerical examples. The first example allows for the direct observation of frequency veering effects on mistuned response. The second example demonstrates the applicability of the theoretical development to realistic bladed disk models. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Kenyon, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 863 EP 870 DI 10.2514/1.3111 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 854VV UT WOS:000223932600012 ER PT J AU Cooper, M Shepherd, JE Schauer, F AF Cooper, M Shepherd, JE Schauer, F TI Impulse correlation for partially filled detonation ibbes SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article C1 CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cooper, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, MC 205-45, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Shepherd, Joseph/B-5997-2014 OI Shepherd, Joseph/0000-0003-3181-9310 NR 9 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 947 EP 950 DI 10.2514/1.4997 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 854VV UT WOS:000223932600022 ER PT J AU Boakye, EE Mah, T Cooke, CM Keller, K AF Boakye, EE Mah, T Cooke, CM Keller, K TI Initial assessment of the weavability of monazite-coated oxide fibers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILITY; TENSILE-STRENGTH; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; COATINGS; ALUMINA; NEXTEL(TM)-610; DEPOSITION AB A preliminary assessment was made of the viability of weaving cloth from LaPO4 (monazite) coated Nextel(TM) 720 and Nextel 610 fiber tows. As part of the assessment, the effect of coating speed on coating uniformity was evaluated. The results enabled the selection of a higher coating speed (6 cm(.)s(-1)) for the coating and sizing of Nextel 610 tow. Sizing the coated tow with polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol dissolved in water was found to be effective. The coatings remained on the fibers, and the fiber strength was retained following the weaving process. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boakye, EE (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1775 EP 1778 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 858LI UT WOS:000224192900026 ER PT J AU Hick, EJ Morey, A Morris, M Harris, R AF Hick, EJ Morey, A Morris, M Harris, R TI Floseal gelatin matrix treatment of complex renal injuries in a porcine model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Clinical Congress of the American-College-of-Surgeons CY OCT 10-14, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Surg C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 199 IS 3 SU S BP S98 EP S98 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 852NA UT WOS:000223760800216 ER PT J AU Burkett, DA Kelly, R Porter, CH Wirtz, RA AF Burkett, DA Kelly, R Porter, CH Wirtz, RA TI Commercial mosquito trap and gravid trap oviposition media evaluation, Atlanta, Georgia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE surveillance; mosquito traps; gravid traps ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; SAMPLING METHODS; CALIFORNIA; CDC; SURVEILLANCE; INFUSIONS; ABUNDANCE; AEGYPTI; VECTORS; LIGHT AB Field trials evaluating the effectiveness of selected gravid trap oviposition media and commercially available mosquito traps were conducted in southern Fulton County (Atlanta), GA, from June 9 to June 18 and June 24 to July 4, 2002, respectively. Total number of mosquitoes and number of each species captured during the tests were compared using a Latin square design. For the gravid trap infusion media, significant differences were found for total number of mosquitoes collected where sod : hay ! hay side-by-side diluted hay > dilute hay side-by-side hay greater than or equal to oak > diluted hay. Only Aedes albopictus (oak), Culex quinquefasciatus (sod and both concentrated hay infusions), and Culex restuans (sod) were captured in significantly greater numbers using a particular infusion. Significant differences for the total number of mosquitoes collected were also observed in the commercial mosquito traps such that the gravid trap > ultra violet up-draft Mosquito Magnet(TM) Pro greater than or equal to omnidirectional Fay-Prince trap with CO2 > up-draft CDC-style with CO2 greater than or equal to CDC-style with CO2. Significant differences in numbers collected among traps were noted for several species, including Aedes vexans, Aedes albopictus, Cx. quinquefusciatus, Cx. restuans, and Culex salinarius. Results from these field trap and infusion evaluations can enhance current surveillance efforts, especially for the primary vectors of West Nile virus and other arboviruses. C1 USAF, Inst Technol Educ Ind, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Epidemiol Branch, Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Burkett, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol Educ Ind, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 233 EP 238 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 859RE UT WOS:000224284800004 PM 15532919 ER PT J AU Nainaparampil, JJ Eapen, KC Zabinski, JS AF Nainaparampil, JJ Eapen, KC Zabinski, JS TI Atomic force microscope based analysis of bound and bound plus mobile phase monolayer behavior under mechanical and electrical stress SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; FRICTIONAL-PROPERTIES; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; CONDUCTING PROBE; SILICON; OXIDATION; STICTION; FILMS; GOLD; ALKANETHIOLS AB One of the major problems with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is the stiction caused by capillary, van der Waals, electrostatic, and chemical forces. Self-assembled monolayers are extensively used to resolve this problem and they have been effective to a certain extent. It has been noted that the molecular weight, entanglement of molecules with as asperities, time dependent interactions between asperities and monolayers, and surface migration play major roles in the failure of these coatings. In addition, tribological stressing and diffusion at increased temperature can also cause monolayers to fail. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and related techniques are used to analyze the behavior of bound monolayer films of I-decanol and bound I-decanol combined with a mobile phase (a pentaerythritol ester). Molecular reorientation and surface detachment under electrostatic force increase with increasing electric field between the AFM tip and the film. The AFM tip is used as a single asperity contact to study the atomic scale film failure dynamics of MEMS materials. The micronanotribology of both bound and bound/mobile systems show significant differences in tribochemistry and replenishing characteristics. Bound and mobile phase films exhibit desirable tribological characteristics that extend the reliable life of MEMS devices, which is demonstrated in real device tests. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Nainaparampil, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM jose.nain@wpafb.af.mil NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 22 IS 5 BP 2337 EP 2344 DI 10.1116/1.1787517 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 870HN UT WOS:000225048300017 ER PT J AU Iarve, EV Mollenhauer, D Kim, R AF Iarve, EV Mollenhauer, D Kim, R TI Mesh-independent modeling and moire interferometry studies of damage accumulation in open-hole composite laminates SO MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composite laminates; strength; numerical B-spline analysis; moire interferometry ID MECHANICALLY FASTENED JOINTS; STRESS-ANALYSIS; GROWTH AB A three-dimensional ply-level modeling of multiple matrix cracking near air open hole in a quasi-isotropic composite laminate was performed. A mesh-independent displacement discontinuity modeling method based on higher-order shape junctions was constructed for this purpose. The mesh configuration is dictated by the boundaries of a specimen, such as the presence of a hole, whereas the matrix cracking surfaces are aligned with the fiber direction in a given ply. The surface of the displacement jump associated with matrix cracking was defined in terms of the domain Heaviside function approximated by using higher-order polynomial B-splines. Several matrix cracks in each ply of a [0/45/90/-45](s) composite were modeled, and their effect on the fiber-direction stress magnitude in the 0degrees ply was examined. Up to 35% relaxation of the fiber-direction strain amplitude due to matrix cracking (splitting) in the 0degrees ply was predicted. The moire interferometry was used to experimentally determine the strain and displacement fields in the surface layer of the same composite, previously prestressed beyond the damage initiation load. A good correlation between the experimental data and the stress redistribution predicted by the mesh-independent damage modeling technique was observed. C1 Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iarve, EV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Inst Res, 300 Coll Pk Ave, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CONSULTANTS BUREAU PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0191-5665 J9 MECH COMPOS MATER JI Mech. Compos. Mater. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 5 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1023/B:MOCM.0000047232.60559.27 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Mechanics; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 884BF UT WOS:000226058900006 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Kirby, BC Salishchev, GA AF Semiatin, SL Kirby, BC Salishchev, GA TI Coarsening behavior of an alpha-beta titanium alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS/ASM Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP TMS, ASM ID PARTICLE DIFFUSION PROBLEM; FE-CU ALLOYS; VOLUME FRACTION; KINETICS; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; MATRIX; PHASE AB The static-coarsening behavior of the alpha-beta titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, was established via a series of heat treatments at typical forging-preheat and final-heat-treatment temperatures followed by quantitative metallography. For this purpose, samples of an ultra-fine-grain (UFG) size billet with a microstructure of equiaxed alpha in a beta matrix were heated at temperatures of 843 degreesC, 900 degreesC, 955 degreesC, and 982 degreesC for times between 0.25 and 144 hours followed by water quenching. The coarsening of the primary alpha particles was found to follow r(3)-vs-time kinetics, typical of volume-diffusion-controlled behavior, at the three lower temperatures. At the highest temperature, the kinetics appeared to be fit equally well by an r(3) or r(4) dependence on time. The observations were interpreted in terms of the modified LSW theory considering the effect of volume fraction on kinetics and the fact that the phases are not terminal solid solutions. Prior models, which take into account the overall source/sink effects of all particles on each other, provided the best description of the observed dependence of coarsening on the volume fraction of primary alpha. In addition, the volume-diffusion kinetics derived for the UFG material were found to be capable of describing the coarsening behavior observed for industrial-scale billet of Ti-6Al-4V with a coarser starting equiaxed-alpha microstructure. C1 AFRL, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 43435 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Bashkortostan 450001, Russia. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), AFRL, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salishchev, Gennady/0000-0002-0815-3525 NR 26 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35A IS 9 BP 2809 EP 2819 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0228-z PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 851IE UT WOS:000223678000029 ER PT J AU Poths, RM Angella, G Wynne, BP Rainforth, WM Semiatin, SL Beynon, JH AF Poths, RM Angella, G Wynne, BP Rainforth, WM Semiatin, SL Beynon, JH TI Effect of strain reversal on the dynamic spheroidization of Ti-M-4V during hot deformation SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS/ASM Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP TMS, ASM ID COLONY-ALPHA MICROSTRUCTURE; GRADE TI-6AL-4V; PLASTIC-FLOW; WORKING; GLOBULARIZATION; MECHANISMS; KINETICS AB The effect of strain-path reversal on the kinetics of dynamic spheroidization during subtransus hot working was determined for Ti-6Al-4V with a colony a structure. Isothermal torsion tests were conducted at a temperature of 815 degreesC and a strain rate of 0.001 s(-1); strain-path reversals were achieved by applying forward and reverse torsion sequentially. The kinetics of spheroidization were measured as a function of the local (macroscopic) strain for monotonic-deformation, reversed-torsion, and double-reversed-torsion tests. Strain-path reversal led to a reduction in the spheroidization kinetics compared with monotonic deformation for a given total strain. The slower rate of dynamic spheroidization associated with strain-path reversals was ascribed to a reduced rate of sub-boundary formation/lower sub-boundary energies, which drive the boundary splitting process, and less sharp alpha/beta interface curvatures, which control the coarsening process that also contributes to spheroidization. C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, IMMPETUS, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. CNR, IENI Inst, Milan, Italy. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Poths, RM (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, IMMPETUS, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. EM r.m.poths@sheffield.ac.uk RI Beynon, John/A-6891-2008; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35A IS 9 BP 2993 EP 3001 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0246-x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 851IE UT WOS:000223678000047 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Brown, TM Goff, TA Fagin, PN Barker, DR Turner, RE Murry, JM Miller, JD Zhang, F AF Semiatin, SL Brown, TM Goff, TA Fagin, PN Barker, DR Turner, RE Murry, JM Miller, JD Zhang, F TI Diffusion coefficients for modeling the heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS/ASM Annual Meeting CY 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP TMS, ASM AB Values of the diffusivity of aluminum and vanadium that can be used for engineering-oriented calculations of the diffusional growth of primary alpha during the heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V were established using diffusion couples consisting of various Ti-Al-V alloys. After taking compositional influences into account using thermodynamic correction factors, the pertinent diffusivities in the ternary alloy were found to be approximately 80 pct of those previously estimated from tracer or impurity (binary) diffusion experiments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Chem Engn, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. Computherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI Barker, David/A-5671-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 35A IS 9 BP 3015 EP 3018 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0250-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 851IE UT WOS:000223678000051 ER PT J AU Wells, WL AF Wells, WL TI Justice at Dachau SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Montgomery, AL USA. USAF, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Wells, WL (reprint author), USA, Montgomery, AL USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 181 BP 164 EP 174 PG 11 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 880MO UT WOS:000225794100006 ER PT J AU Eckart, RE Shry, EA Scoville, SL Thompson, CM Stajduhar, KC Krasuski, RA AF Eckart, RE Shry, EA Scoville, SL Thompson, CM Stajduhar, KC Krasuski, RA TI Cardiopulmonary and mental health diagnoses surrounding the September 11 terrorist acts in a military population SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; STRESS; PALPITATIONS; CALIFORNIA; ATTACKS; DEATH AB Background: In addition to psychological disorders, emotional stress can trigger a chain of neurohumoral imbalances that can manifest as cardiopulmonary complaints. No studies were identified that used objective clinical data on complaints after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify all cardiopulmonary and psychological diagnoses among active duty personnel seeking care at a military treatment facility and/or its ancillary facilities before and after September 11, 2001. Methods: The study population included 40,981 active duty military personnel between August 13, 2001 and October 9, 2001 (4 weeks before and 4 weeks after September 11, 2001). Demographic and diagnostic data were obtained from the Composite Health Care System for each visit during the study period. The outcomes of interest were psychological and cardiopulmonary diagnoses. Results: There were 19,595 clinic visits before September 11, 2001 compared to 19,207 clinic visits in the 4 weeks after September 11. There was no increase in total psychological diagnoses in the postexposure period, compared with the preexposure period (risk ratio (RR), 0.97; 95% confidence interval (0), 0.84-1.11). The only statistically significant finding was a decrease in diagnoses of psychoses (RR, 0.62; 95% confidence intervaL 0.42-0.91). However, diagnoses of depressive disorders were increased in the postexposure period (RR, 1.61; 95% Cl, 0.89-2.90; p = 0.11). Total cardiopulmonary diagnoses did not increase in the postexposure period, compared with the preexposure period (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91-1.02). Conclusions: This descriptive study failed to identify evidence that any changes in cardiopulmonary or mental health diagnoses were attributable to September 11 terrorist attacks. In the unfortunate event of another national tragedy, it is recommended that health care professionals administer a questionnaire to determine why patients are seeking care after the tragedy. These data could be linked to International Classification of Diseases data to determine the effects of the tragedy on the health of personnel and their utilization of health care services. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Eckart, RE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM RobertEckart@amedd.army.mil NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 169 IS 9 BP 675 EP 680 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JB UT WOS:000235830300004 PM 15495716 ER PT J AU Halsey, ES Bryce, M Wortmann, GW Weina, PJ Ryan, JR DeWitt, CC AF Halsey, ES Bryce, M Wortmann, GW Weina, PJ Ryan, JR DeWitt, CC TI Visceral leishmaniasis in a soldier returning from operation enduring freedom SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DESERT-STORM; KALA-AZAR; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VETERANS AB This report presents a case of visceral leishmaniasis in a soldier returning from Operation Enduring Freedom. During the United States' last major military conflict, Operation Desert Storm, the diagnosis of multiple cases of visceral leishmaniasis led to policy changes, including a temporary ban on troop blood donation. This case demonstrates the applicability of recently developed Leishmania polymerase chain reaction and serological assays when conventional methods of diagnosis, such as tissue microscopy and culture, fail. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Aerosp Med Flight, Ellsworth AFB, SD 57706 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Leishmaniasis Diagnost Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Halsey, ES (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RI Weina, Peter/A-2120-2011 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 169 IS 9 BP 699 EP 701 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JB UT WOS:000235830300010 PM 15495722 ER PT J AU Peterson, AL Isler, WC AF Peterson, AL Isler, WC TI Applied tension treatment of vasovagal syncope during pregnancy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD PHOBIA; INJECTION PHOBIA; EXPOSURE; TRIAL AB Vasovagal syncope is a common clinical problem that is often difficult and expensive to diagnose and treat. Applied tension is a behavioral treatment approach that has been demonstrated to be efficacious for the treatment of vasovagal syncope associated with injection phobia. The present case study evaluated the treatment of vasovagal syncope in a 41-year-old pregnant patient with injection phobia. The treatment included the use of applied muscle tension to increase blood pressure and prevent syncope during graduated exposure to increasingly greater anxiety-provoking stimuli. After completion of the treatment, the patient was able to undergo a blood draw and other medical procedures involving exposure to needles, with significantly reduced anxiety and no episodes of syncope. Applied tension is an effective and relatively inexpensive treatment for patients with vasovagal syncope related to injection phobia and may hold promise as a treatment for other types of syncope. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Hlth Psychol Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Peterson, AL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Hlth Psychol Serv, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,59 MDOS,MMCPH, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 169 IS 9 BP 751 EP 753 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JB UT WOS:000235830300022 PM 15495734 ER PT J AU Penmetsa, R Grandhi, R Venkayya, V AF Penmetsa, R Grandhi, R Venkayya, V TI Modeling, analysis, and uncertainty quantification of a lightweight torpedo design SO NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FUNCTION APPROXIMATIONS; OPTIMIZATION AB In designing a lightweight torpedo, multiple performance criteria from many disciplines, including structures, acoustics, controls, and hydrodynamics, have to be satisfied in order to maintain a high probability of success for the mission. These criteria could conflict with each other as design requirements, in which case the final design will be the configuration that minimizes conflicts. Performance criteria depend on various design parameters that constitute the configuration of the torpedo and these are usually assigned deterministic values. However, in reality, the parameters would exhibit variations, and thus the design criteria could potentially violate the feasible design space. Therefore, this paper presents a robust torpedo design strategy that provides the designer insight into the safety of the final configuration, subject to variations in design parameters. In this paper a torpedo is modeled using finite elements and its static and dynamic characteristics are analyzed subject to variations in the design parameters structural problem. In this paper, a torpedo is modeled using finite elements and its static and dynamic characteristics are analyzed subject to variations in the design parameters. C1 Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. AF Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NAVAL ENG INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1452 DUKE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3458 USA SN 0028-1425 J9 NAV ENG J JI Nav. Eng. J. PD FAL PY 2004 VL 116 IS 4 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1559-3584.2004.tb00302.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 884JE UT WOS:000226080100001 ER PT J AU Beran, PS Strganac, TW Kim, K Nichkawde, C AF Beran, PS Strganac, TW Kim, K Nichkawde, C TI Studies of store-induced limit-cycle oscillations using a model with full system nonlinearities SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE fluid-structure interaction; limit cycle oscillations; nonlinear aeroelasticity ID AIRCRAFT; ALGORITHM; FIGHTER; FLOW AB The authors investigate limit-cycle oscillations of a wing/store configuration. Unlike typical aeroelastic studies that are based upon a linearized form of the governing equations, herein full system nonlinearities are retained, and include transonic flow effects, coupled responses from the structure, and store-related kinematics and dynamics. Unsteady aerodynamic loads are modeled with the equations from transonic small disturbance theory. The structural dynamics for the cantilevered wing are modeled by the nonlinear equations of motion for a beam. The effects of general store-placement are modeled by the nonlinear equations of motion related to the position-induced nonlinear kinematics. Chordwise deformations of the wing surface, as well as pylon and store flexibility, are assumed negligible. Nonlinear responses are studied by examining bifurcation and related response characteristics using direct simulation. Particular attention is given to cases for which large-time, time-dependent behavior is dependent on initial conditions, as observed for some configurations in flight test. Comparisons of results in which selective nonlinearities are excluded indicate that the accurate prediction of nonlinear responses such as limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) may depend upon consideration of all nonlinearities related to the full system. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Strganac, TW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM strag@tamu.edu NR 28 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-090X J9 NONLINEAR DYNAM JI Nonlinear Dyn. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 37 IS 4 BP 323 EP 339 DI 10.1023/B:NODY.0000045544.96418.bf PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 877LT UT WOS:000225572800004 ER PT J AU McKenna, DS Ester, JB Proffitt, M Waddell, KR AF McKenna, DS Ester, JB Proffitt, M Waddell, KR TI Misoprostol outpatient cervical ripening without subsequent induction of labor: A randomized trial SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTIVE INDUCTION; PREGNANCIES AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of outpatient administration of a single dose of vaginal misoprostol at term on the interval to delivery in women with unfavorable cervices. METHODS: Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing a single 25-mug outpatient intravaginal dose of misoprostol to placebo in pregnant women with Bishop scores less than 9 at 40 weeks or greater. After placement of the study medication, subjects were permitted to go into spontaneous labor unless an indication for induction developed. Analysis was by intent to treat. The interval to delivery, defined as the time from medication placement to delivery, was compared by Student t test and by survival analysis with the log-rank test. RESULTS: Thirty-three women were randomly assigned to receive misoprostol, and 35 were assigned to receive placebo. The mean interval to delivery was significantly less in the misoprostol group, 4.2 +/- 4.1 compared with 6.1 +/- 3.6 days, P = .04. The interval to delivery for only the nulliparous patients was significantly less in the misoprostol group, 4.2 +/- 4.0 compared with 7.2 +/- 3.7 days, P = .02. The survival curves for the interval to delivery were significantly different (P = .04 by log-rank test) with 4.1 days median interval to delivery for misoprostol compared with 9.2 days for placebo. There were no adverse outcomes in either group. CONCLUSION: A single 25-mug outpatient intravaginal dose of misoprostol is effective in decreasing the interval to delivery in women with unfavorable cervices at term. (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Med Ctr, Dayton, OH USA. RP McKenna, DS (reprint author), Mt Area Hlth Educ Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 900 Hendersonville Rd,Suite 206, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. EM dsmcken@charter.net NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 104 IS 3 BP 579 EP 584 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000136479.72777.56 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 875JB UT WOS:000225415200024 PM 15339772 ER PT J AU Voevodin, VG Voevodina, OV Bereznaya, SA Korotchenko, ZV Morozov, AN Sarkisov, SY Fernelius, NC Goldstein, JT AF Voevodin, VG Voevodina, OV Bereznaya, SA Korotchenko, ZV Morozov, AN Sarkisov, SY Fernelius, NC Goldstein, JT TI Large single crystals of gallium selenide: growing, doping by In and characterization SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Lasers and Nonlinear Optical Materials CY JUL 20-23, 2003 CL Keystone, CO ID DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; MU-M; GASE AB Gallium selenide is a material with great potential for nonlinear optical applications, due to its many attractive properties, including a broad low-loss transmittance (from 0.65 to 18 mum) and a large nonlinear coefficient. However, its current application is limited due to difficulties with its growth, and poor mechanical properties. Our current research has a threefold purpose. First, this work is intended to investigate the feasability of growing large, optical quality single crystal boules of GaSe; second, to investigate the impact of isovalent indium doping on the mechanical, electrophysical, and optical properties of GaSe, and third, to determine the concentration of In which is optimal for purposes of facilitating the practical implementation of GaSe in nonlinear devices. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Siberian Physico Tech Inst, Tomsk 634050, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLPSO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, VG (reprint author), Siberian Physico Tech Inst, 1,Novosobornaya Sq, Tomsk 634050, Russia. RI Sarkisov, Sergey/H-9640-2013; Bereznaya, Svetlana/I-9881-2016; Korotchenko, Zoya/J-5843-2016 OI Sarkisov, Sergey/0000-0002-5251-7963; NR 7 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2003.09.014 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 856LM UT WOS:000224046700027 ER PT J AU Denman, CA Hillman, PD Moore, GT Telle, JM Drummond, JD Tuffli, AL AF Denman, CA Hillman, PD Moore, GT Telle, JM Drummond, JD Tuffli, AL TI 20 W CW 589 nm sodium beacon excitation source for adaptive optical telescope applications SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Lasers and Nonlinear Optical Materials CY JUL 20-23, 2003 CL Keystone, CO DE sum-frequency generation; single-frequency lasers ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE; LASER AB Operation of a doubly resonant sum-frequency generation (SFG) ring containing a lithium triborate (LBO) crystal has been demonstrated. It is pumped by 1.064 and 1.319 mum Nd:YAG injection-locked ring lasers and produces a 20 W, diffraction-limited, single-frequency, continuous wave, 589 nm beam. Nearly 60% conversion of pump laser power is obtained. Such a device produced a guidestar in the mesospheric sodium layer that can provide improved sky coverage for adaptive optical telescope applications. "First light" on the sky for the laser source was 21 November 2002 at the Starfire Optical Range, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Denman, CA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM craig.denman@kirtland.af.mil; john.telle@kirtland.af.mil NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 507 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2003.09.016 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 856LM UT WOS:000224046700029 ER PT J AU Aptowicz, KB Pan, YL Chang, RK Pinnick, RG Hill, SC Tober, RL Goyal, A Leys, T Bronk, BV AF Aptowicz, KB Pan, YL Chang, RK Pinnick, RG Hill, SC Tober, RL Goyal, A Leys, T Bronk, BV TI Two-dimensional angular optical scattering patterns of microdroplets in the mid infrared with strong and weak absorption SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; MICROPARTICLES; PARTICLES; LASER AB Two-dimensional angular optical scattering (TAOS) patterns of droplets composed of a mixture of H2O and D2O are detected in the mid infrared. First, a lens is used in the Abbe sine condition to collect a small solid angle of light, where the scattering pattern matches well numerical simulations based on Mie theory. Next, TAOS patterns from droplets spanning a large (approximate to 2pi sr) solid angle are captured simultaneously at two wavelengths. The effects of absorption are evident in the patterns and are discernible without the need for curve matching by Mie theory. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. USAF, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Aptowicz, KB (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM aptowicz@yale.edu NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 17 BP 1965 EP 1967 DI 10.1364/OL.29.001965 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 848QB UT WOS:000223481100001 PM 15455748 ER PT J AU Winters, MV Blake, CG Trost, JS Marcello-Brinker, TB Lowe, L Garber, MB Wainner, RS AF Winters, MV Blake, CG Trost, JS Marcello-Brinker, TB Lowe, L Garber, MB Wainner, RS TI Passive versus active stretching of hip flexor muscles in subjects with limited hip extension: A randomized clinical trial SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE active and passive stretching; hip flexor muscle; randomized trial ID HAMSTRING MUSCLES; FLEXIBILITY; LENGTH; MOTION; STIFFNESS; INJURY; RANGE AB Background and Purpose. Active stretching is purported to stretch the shortened muscle and simultaneously strengthen the antagonist muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether active and passive stretching results in a difference between groups at improving hip extension range of motion in patients with hip flexor muscle tightness. Subjects and Methods. Thirty-three patients with low back pain and lower-extremity injuries who showed decreased range of motion, presumably due to hip flexor muscle tightness, completed the study. The subjects, who had a mean age of 23.6 years (SD=5.3, range=18-25), were randomly assigned to either an active home stretching group or a passive home stretching group. Hip extension range of motion was measured with the subjects in the modified Thomas test position at baseline and 3 and 6 weeks after the start of the study. Results. Range of motion in both groups improved over time, but there were no differences between groups. Discussion and Conclusion. The results indicate that passive and active stretching are equally effective for increasing range of motion, presumably due to increased flexibility of tight hip flexor muscles. Whether the 2 methods equally improve flexibility of other muscle groups or whether active stretching improves the function of,the antagonist muscles is not known. Active and passive stretching both appeared to increase the flexibility of tight hip flexor muscles in patients with musculoskeletal impairments. C1 Baylor Univ, USA, Grad Program Phys Therapy, MCCS,HMT, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Kimbrough Ambulatory Care Ctr, Musculoskeletal Care Clin, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. LaPointe Hlth Clin, Ft Campbell, KY USA. USAF, Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wainner, RS (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USA, Grad Program Phys Therapy, MCCS,HMT, 3151 Scott Rd,Room 1303, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Robert.Wainner@CEN.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL NR 24 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 84 IS 9 BP 800 EP 807 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 849TD UT WOS:000223562800002 PM 15330693 ER PT J AU Bents, RT Tokish, JM Goldberg, L AF Bents, RT Tokish, JM Goldberg, L TI Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and amphetamine prevalence in college hockey players - Most report performance-enhancing use SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUBSTANCE USE; ADOLESCENTS; SUPPLEMENTS; BEHAVIORS; PROGRAM; ATHLETE; STROKE; SAFETY; ABUSE; DRUGS AB BACKGROUND: Performance-enhancing drugs are used by some athletes, even though the substances may be potentially dangerous and some are banned. OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of metabolic stimulants among collegiate hockey players. METHODS: Surveys were administered to college hockey players on five teams. Participation was voluntary, and respondents remained anonymous. The survey included questions regarding use of specific stimulants (eg, ephedrine, amphetamines, pseudoephedrine), awareness of potential side effects, and knowledge of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rules. RESULTS: More than half (58%) of the 122 college hockey players who completed the survey reported past or present use of the specific stimulants. Almost half (46%) reported pseudoephedrine use to enhance performance, including 24% who indicated current use, and 38% reported ephedrine use, including 11% who admitted current use. Stimulant users had good knowledge about the potential side effects of ephedrine, including sudden death, hypertension, and insomnia. Nearly all (92%) stimulant users were aware of the current NCAA ban of ephedrine. Over 33% stated they would use a banned substance if it would help them get to the National Hockey League. CONCLUSION: A large number of collegiate hockey players admit to using metabolic stimulants despite knowledge of side effects and the NCAA ban on two of these substances. More effective educational interventions, perhaps coupled with a stronger testing policy, may be necessary to curb this potentially dangerous practice. C1 Ashland OArthoped Associates, Ashland, OR USA. USAF Acad, Dept Orthoped Surg, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Med, Div Hlth Promot & Sports Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Bents, RT (reprint author), 806 S Mt Ave, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. EM Bentsrdd@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 32 IS 9 BP 30 EP 34 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 852TR UT WOS:000223779800006 PM 20086423 ER PT J AU Cooper, A Galbreath, N Becker, MA AF Cooper, A Galbreath, N Becker, MA TI Sex on the Internet: Furthering our understanding of men with Online sexual problems SO PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article AB A survey on the MSNBC Web site identified 384 men as having online sexual problems (OSP). Respondents' reasons for online sexual activity (OSA) and their preferred Internet medium were associated with several online and offline consequences and behaviors, including important aspects of real-time relationships and sexual experimentation. Two broad behavior patterns manifested by men with OSP were identified: Men who use the Internet (a) to further their real-time sex lives and (b) as a substitute for their real-time sex lives. Men who facilitate their offline sex lives with the Internet might do so for any number of reasons, many of which are adaptive (e.g., sex education, to purchase sexual materials). Future research should use samples from a variety of affinity Web portals to further examine the factors that differentiate individuals who show no negative effects of OSA from those who do. C1 San Jose Marital & Sexual Ctr, Santa Clara, CA USA. Pacific Grad Sch Psychol, Palo Alto, CA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Penn State Univ, Harrisburg, PA USA. RP Galbreath, N (reprint author), 5 MDOS,SGOH,10 Missile Ave, Minot AFB, ND 58705 USA. EM nathan.galbreath@minot.af.mil NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0893-164X J9 PSYCHOL ADDICT BEHAV JI Psychol. Addict. Behav. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1037/0893-164X.18.3.223 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA 858GV UT WOS:000224181200003 PM 15482077 ER PT J AU Vagin, NP Ionin, AA Klimachev, YM Kotkov, AA Kochetov, IV Napartovich, AP Podmar'kov, YP Seleznev, LV Sinitsyn, DV Frolov, MP Hager, GD Yuryshev, NN AF Vagin, NP Ionin, AA Klimachev, YM Kotkov, AA Kochetov, IV Napartovich, AP Podmar'kov, YP Seleznev, LV Sinitsyn, DV Frolov, MP Hager, GD Yuryshev, NN TI Pulsed electron-beam-sustained discharge in oxygen-containing gas mixtures: electrical characteristics, spectroscopy, and singlet oxygen yield SO QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE singlet oxygen; non-self-sustained discharge; CO laser; oxygen-iodine laser ID DELTA-OXYGEN; IODINE LASER; METASTABLE STATES; GLOW-DISCHARGE; GENERATOR; EXCITATION AB The electrical and spectroscopic characteristics of electron-beam-sustained discharge (EBSD) in oxygen and oxygen-containing gas mixtures are studied experimentally under gas pressures up to 100 Torr in a large excitation volume (similar to 18 L). It is shown that the EBSD in pure oxygen and its mixtures with inert gases is unstable and is characterised by a small specific energy contribution. The addition of small amounts (similar to1 % - 10 %) of carbon monoxide or hydrogen to oxygen or its mixtures with inert gases considerably improves the stability of the discharge, while the specific energy contribution W increases by more then an order of magnitude, achieving similar to 6.5 kJ L-1 atm(-1) per molecular component of the gas mixture. A part of the energy supplied to the EBSD is spent to excite vibrational levels of molecular additives. This was demonstrated experimentally by the initiation of a CO laser based on the O-2 : Ar : CO = 1 : 1 : 0.1 mixture. Experimental results on spectroscopy of the excited electronic states O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) and O-2(b(1)Sigma(g)(divided by)), of oxygen formed in the EBSD are presented. A technique was worked out for measuring the concentration of singlet oxygen in the O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) state in the afterglow of the pulsed EBSD by comparing with the radiation intensity of singlet oxygen of a given concentration produced in a chemical generator. Preliminary measurements of the singlet-oxygen yield in the EBSD show that its value similar to 3 % for W similar to 1.0 kJ L-1 atm(-1) is in agreement with the theoretical estimate. Theoretical calculations performed for W similar to 6.5 kJ L-1 atm(-1) at a fixed temperature show that the singlet-oxygen yield may be similar to 20 %, which is higher than the value required to achieve the lasing threshold in an oxygen-iodine laser at room temperature. C1 Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. State Sci Ctr Russian Federat, Troitsk Inst Innovat & Fus Res, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. AF Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Vagin, NP (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Leninskii Prosp 53, Moscow 119991, Russia. EM aion@maill.lebedev.ru; apn@trinity.ru RI Selenev, Leonid/K-7441-2015; Sinitsyn, Dmitry/L-7874-2015; Yuryshev, Nikolay/M-4165-2015; Vagin, Nikolay/M-4664-2015; Frolov, Mikhail/M-6061-2015; Podmar'kov, Yurii/M-6140-2015; Ionin, Andrey/M-3857-2015; Kochetov, Igor/N-2202-2015; Napartovich, Anatoly/C-1081-2016; Kotkov, Andrei/K-7590-2015; Klimachev, Yury/K-7607-2015 OI Selenev, Leonid/0000-0002-8121-9914; Sinitsyn, Dmitry/0000-0002-7448-6459; Yuryshev, Nikolay/0000-0002-0620-6427; Vagin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0387-1883; Ionin, Andrey/0000-0003-3119-4592; Kochetov, Igor/0000-0003-1198-4431; Kotkov, Andrei/0000-0001-5967-0840; Klimachev, Yury/0000-0001-6784-1590 NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TURPION LTD PI LETCHWORTH PA TURPIN DISTRIBUTION SERVICES, BLACKHORSE RD, LETCHWORTH SG6 1HN, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1063-7818 J9 QUANTUM ELECTRON+ JI Quantum Electron. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 34 IS 9 BP 865 EP 870 DI 10.1070/QE2004v034n09ABEH002883 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 882ZJ UT WOS:000225978600019 ER PT J AU Beach, TL Pedersen, TR Starks, MJ Su, SY AF Beach, TL Pedersen, TR Starks, MJ Su, SY TI Estimating the amplitude scintillation index from sparsely sampled phase screen data SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phase screen; scintillation; ionosphere ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; INTERPLANETARY SCINTILLATIONS; IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION; IRREGULARITIES; MODEL; WAVES; FLUCTUATIONS; DIFFRACTION; SIGNALS AB [1] Phase screen techniques are commonly used to model scintillation of radio signals passing through a disturbed ionosphere, but observational phase or in situ density from both archival and real-time sources is often sampled at rates well below the resolution desired for input to such models. Previous phase screen resolution criteria do not address the computation of the amplitude scintillation index (S-4), which is widely used in scintillation monitoring systems, for practical applications that rely on coarsely sampled phase data. We investigate the accuracy of S-4 estimates from sparsely populated one-dimensional phase screen models through systematic removal of samples from high-resolution discrete phase screen models in novel numerical experiments. We also provide analytic approximations for the weak-scatter case and study the effects of antialias filtering. This "subsampling'' analysis shows that 2 - 5 samples per Fresnel radius (r(F)) are usually sufficient to compute S-4 to within 90% of its true value, depending on the form of the phase spectral density function (SDF) and the strength of scattering. We make initial application of the subsampling techniques to data-based phase screens for studying equatorial ionospheric scintillation with generally satisfactory results. Finally, we outline the use of the techniques developed in this paper to other practical problems, including SDF determination and computing irradiance patterns. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli, Taiwan. Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli, Taiwan. RP Beach, TL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM theodore.beach@hanscom.af.mil NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 AR RS5001 DI 10.1029/2002RS002792 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 854GQ UT WOS:000223890300001 ER PT J AU Jones, MC Neculaes, VB Gilgenbach, RM White, WM Lopez, MR Lau, YY Spencer, TA Price, D AF Jones, MC Neculaes, VB Gilgenbach, RM White, WM Lopez, MR Lau, YY Spencer, TA Price, D TI Projection ablation lithography cathode for high-current, relativistic magnetron SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-FIBER CATHODES; EMISSION; DRIVEN AB Initial results are presented of an innovative cathode operating in a relativistic magnetron powered by an accelerator with parameters: -0.3 MV, 1-10 kA, and 0.5 mus pulse length. This cathode is fabricated by ablating a pattern on the cathode using a KrF laser. This projection ablation lithography (PAL) cathode has demonstrated fast current turn-on and microwave startup times have decreased from an average of 193 to 118 ns. The pulselength of 1 GHz microwave oscillation has increased from a 144 ns average to 217 ns. With these improvements in microwave startup and pulse length, the microwave power has approximately remained the same compared to the previously used cloth cathodes. A new triple-azimuthal emission region is tested as means of prebunching the electrons ("cathode priming") into the three spokes desired for pi mode operation in a six-cavity magnetron. The Tri-PAL cathode priming results in the fastest startup and highest efficiency of relativistic magnetron microwave generation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Nucl Engn & Radiolog Sci Dept, Intense Energy Beam Interact Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Philips Res Labs, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. Titan Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Jones, MC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Nucl Engn & Radiolog Sci Dept, Intense Energy Beam Interact Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rongilg@umich.edu NR 17 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 75 IS 9 BP 2976 EP 2980 DI 10.1063/1.1784561 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 866DU UT WOS:000224754800030 ER PT J AU Song, JH Costanzo, F Lee, BL AF Song, JH Costanzo, F Lee, BL TI Fatigue of cord-rubber composites: V. cord reinforcement effect SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 163rd Spring Meeting of the Rubber-Division of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 28-30, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Rubber Div ID MECHANICS; FRACTURE AB Fatigue behavior of cord-rubber composite materials forming the belt region of radial pneumatic tires has been characterized to assess their dependence on stress, strain and temperature history as well as materials composition and construction. Estimated at various levels of stress amplitude were the fatigue life, the extent and rate of resultant strain increase ("dynamic creep"), cyclic strains at failure, and specimen temperature. Reflecting their matrix-dominated failure modes, such as cord-matrix debonding and delamination, composite laminates with different cord reinforcements showed the same S-N relationship as long as they were constructed with the same rubber matrix, the same cord angle, similar cord volume, and the same ply lay-up. The interply shear strain of 2-ply 'tire belt' composite laminate under circumferential tension was affected by twisting of specimen due to tension-bending coupling. However, a critical level of interply shear strain, which governs the gross failure of composite laminate due to the delamination, appeared to be independent of different lay-up of 2-ply vs symmetric 4-ply configuration. Because of much lower values of single cycle strength (in terms of gross fracture load per unit width), the composite laminates with larger cord angle and the 2-ply laminates exhibited exponentially shorter fatigue lifetime, at a given stress amplitude, than the composite laminates with smaller cord angle and 4-ply symmetric laminates, respectively. Maximum cyclic strain of composite laminates at failure, which measures the total strain accumulation for gross failure, was independent of stress amplitude and close to the level of static failure strain. For all composite laminates under study, a linear correlation could be established between the temperature rise rate and dynamic creep rate which was, in turn, inversely proportional to the fatigue lifetime. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Song, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 227 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jxs639@psu.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 77 IS 4 BP 593 EP 610 DI 10.5254/1.3547839 PG 18 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 866PB UT WOS:000224784300001 ER PT J AU Shaw, L Luo, H Villegas, J Miracle, D AF Shaw, L Luo, H Villegas, J Miracle, D TI Effects of internal strains on hardness of nanocrystalline Al-Fe-Cr-Ti alloys SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanostructured materials; aluminum alloy; internal strains; microhardness ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; HALL-PETCH RELATION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION; DUCTILITY; STRENGTH; METALS AB The effects of internal strain on the microhardness of nanocrystalline metals were investigated using an Al93Fe3Ti2Cr2 alloy prepared via mechanical alloying. The results clearly indicate that the hardness of the nanocrystalline Al alloy decreases with decreasing the internal strain at a given grain size, even though dislocation activity within the grain interior is absent in all cases. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shaw, L (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Met & Mat Engn, U-3136, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM lshaw@mail.ims.uconn.edu NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 449 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2003.12.033 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 834TS UT WOS:000222434400016 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Kramb, RC Turner, RE Zhang, F Antony, MM AF Semiatin, SL Kramb, RC Turner, RE Zhang, F Antony, MM TI Analysis of the homogenization of a nickel-base superalloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE homogenization; dendritic solidification; diffusion ID DENDRITIC MONO-CRYSTALS; MICROSEGREGATION; SOLIDIFICATION; DIFFUSION AB The homogenization kinetics of a typical nickel-base superalloy, Waspaloy, were determined and analyzed in terms of a simple diffusion model. Engineering interdiffusion coefficients for titanium, chromium, and cobalt in the nickel solid solution were comparable to previous measurements for Ni-X binary alloys. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Chem Engn, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. Allvac, Monroe, NC 28111 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 13 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 491 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.05.049 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 838HD UT WOS:000222703200005 ER PT J AU Michels, JH Himed, B Rangaswamy, M AF Michels, JH Himed, B Rangaswamy, M TI Robust STAP detection in a dense signal airborne radar environment SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE Los Angeles Council, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Northrop Grumman Corp, Raytheon Co DE robust STAP; outliers; JDL; NJDL; PAMF; N-PAMF; dense signal problem; reduced training data selection; innovations power sorting; model-based detection ID COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; HETEROGENEOUS CLUTTER; PERFORMANCE; TESTS AB This paper presents the performance of several space-time adaptive processing (STAP) detection methods in a dense signal environment. These include the normalized parametric adaptive matched filter (N-PAMF), the joint domain localized (JDL), and a variant of JDL referred to as the normalized JDL (NJDL). Issues considered here include robust detection with respect to signal contamination of training data and efficient estimation procedures with limited training data. The paper also introduces the innovations power sorting (IPS) pre-processing procedure for representative training data selection. Performance analyses are carried out with measured data from the Multichannel Airborne Radar Measurement (MCARM) program. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNRT, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Michels, JH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNRT, 26 Elect Pkwy, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM michelsj@rl.af.mil NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1625 EP 1636 DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2004.05.005 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 848FW UT WOS:000223454000008 ER PT J AU Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC Gerlach, KR AF Rangaswamy, M Lin, FC Gerlach, KR TI Robust adaptive signal processing methods for heterogeneous radar clutter scenarios SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2003 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP IEEE Huntsville Sect, IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Dynetics Inc, Raytheon Co DE STAP; invariance; low rank; LRNMF; LRNAMF; CFAR; SNR; P-fa; P-d; KASSPER; RLSTAP; outlier; SCRFML/APR; SCRFML/GIP ID COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; INVARIANT RANDOM-PROCESSES; VECTOR SUBSPACE DETECTION; COVARIANCE-MATRIX; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; CFAR DETECTION; STAP TESTS; PERFORMANCE; DETECTOR; APPROXIMATION AB This paper addresses the problem of radar target detection in severely heterogeneous clutter environments. Specifically, we present the performance of the normalized matched filter test in a background of disturbance consisting of clutter having a covariance matrix with known structure and unknown scaling plus background white Gaussian noise. It is shown that when the clutter covariance matrix is low rank, the (LRNMF) test retains invariance with respect to the unknown scaling as well as the background noise level and has an approximately constant false alarm rate (CFAR). Performance of the test depends only upon the number of elements, the number of pulses processed in a coherent processing interval, and the rank of the clutter covariance matrix. Analytical expressions for calculating the false alarm and detection probabilities are presented. Performance of the method is shown to degrade with increasing clutter rank especially for low false alarm rates. An adaptive version of the test (LRNAMF) is developed and its performance is studied with simulated data from the KASSPER program. Results pertaining to sample support for subspace estimation, CFAR, and detection performance are presented. Target contamination of training data has a deleterious impact on the performance of the test. Therefore, a technique known as self-censoring reiterative fast maximum likelihood/adaptive power residue (SCRFML/APR) is developed to treat this problem and its performance is discussed. The SCRFML/APR method is used to estimate the unknown covariance matrix in the presence of outliers. This covariance matrix estimate can then be used in the LRNAMF or any other eigen-based adaptive processing technique. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rangaswamy, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@hanscom.af.mil NR 52 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1653 EP 1665 DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2004.05.006 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 848FW UT WOS:000223454000010 ER PT J AU Robertson, MA AF Robertson, MA TI Temporal filtering for restoration of wavelet-compressed motion imagery SO SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE temporal filtering; quantization noise; compression error; motion imagery restoration; discrete wavelet transform ID BLOCKING ARTIFACTS; HIERARCHICAL TREES; NOISE-REDUCTION; SEQUENCES; TRANSFORM; DOMAIN AB Temporal filtering of motion imagery can alleviate the effects of noise and artifacts in the data by incorporating observations of the imagery data from several distinct frames. If the noise that is expected to occur in the data is well-modeled by independent and identically distributed (IID) Gaussian noise, then straightforward algorithms can be designed that filter along motion trajectories in an optimal fashion. This paper addresses the restoration of motion imagery that have been compressed by scalar quantization of the data's discrete wavelet transform coefficients. Noise due to compression in such situations is neither independent nor identically distributed, and thus straightforward filters designed for the IID case are suboptimal. This paper provides a statistical characterization of the quantization error and shows how the improved noise modeling can be used in temporal filtering to improve visual quality of the decompressed motion imagery. Example restoration results include the cases where the data have been compressed by quantization of two- and three-dimensional wavelet transform coefficients. Although not developed in this work, the noise model is also directly applicable to other restoration algorithms that incorporate information from other time instants, such as super-resolution. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, IFEC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Robertson, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFEC, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-5965 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS-IMAGE JI Signal Process.-Image Commun. PD SEP PY 2004 VL 19 IS 8 BP 701 EP 721 DI 10.1016/j.image.2004.06.001 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 866BS UT WOS:000224748500002 ER PT J AU Van Arsdel, RE Loop, MS AF Van Arsdel, RE Loop, MS TI Color vision sensitivity in normally dichromatic species and humans SO VISUAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE color vision; dichromats; increment spectral sensitivity ID SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; INCREMENT-THRESHOLD; TREE SHREW; LUMINANCE; ADAPTATION AB Spectral-sensitivity functions for large, long-duration increments presented on a photopic white background indicate that wavelength-opponent mechanisms mediate detection in both normal and dichromatic humans. Normal humans exhibit high color-vision sensitivity as they discriminate the color of spectral flashes at detection-threshold intensities. However, dichromatic humans require stimuli up to about 0.4 log units above detection intensity to see certain colors. This low color-vision sensitivity in human dichromats may be an abnormal condition involving a defect in postreceptoral color processing. To test this hypothesis, we determined color-discrimination thresholds in normally dichromatic species: chipmunk, 13-lined ground squirrel, and tree shrew. For comparison, we also tested humans with normal and abnormal (deutan) color vision with the same apparatus and methods. Animals were trained to perform spatial two-choice discrimination tasks for food reward. Detection thresholds were determined for increments of white, 460 nm, 540 nm, 560 nm, 580 nm, 500 nm/long-pass, and 500 nm/short-pass on white increments when paired with the white increment when both were at equally detectable intensities. Color-discrimination thresholds were determined by dimming stimulus pairs (colored vs. white) until the subjects could no longer make the discriminations. Results indicated that the normally dichromatic species could discriminate colored stimuli from white at a mean intensity of 0.1 (+/-0.1) log units above detection threshold. The ability of normally dichromatic species to discriminate color near detection-threshold intensity is consistent with increment spectral-sensitivity functions that indicate detection by wavelength-threshold intensities but humans with deutan color vision required suprathreshold intensities to discriminate the color of middle and long wavelengths. This high color-vision sensitivity of normally dichromatic species suggests that the low color-vision sensitivity in dichromatic humans is an abnormal condition and indicates a possible defect in their postreceptoral color-vision processing. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HECV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Physiol Opt, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Van Arsdel, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HECV, 2255 H St,Bldg 248, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vanarsdel@wpafb.af.mil FU NEI NIH HHS [EY 07084-17] NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0952-5238 J9 VISUAL NEUROSCI JI Visual Neurosci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2004 VL 21 IS 5 BP 685 EP 692 DI 10.1017/S0952523804045031 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 885RB UT WOS:000226173500003 PM 15688546 ER PT J AU Cooper, TM Hall, BC Burke, AR Rogers, JE McLean, DG Slagle, JE Fleitz, PA AF Cooper, TM Hall, BC Burke, AR Rogers, JE McLean, DG Slagle, JE Fleitz, PA TI Glass-forming liquid platinum acetylides SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID OLIGOMERS; MOLECULES; COMPLEXES; SINGLET; ETHYNYL C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ATT Govt Solut, Fariborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Cooper@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 24 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 17 BP 3215 EP 3217 DI 10.1021/cm049432p PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 848HK UT WOS:000223458000005 ER PT J AU Omotowa, BA Phillips, BS Zabinski, JS Shreeve, JM AF Omotowa, BA Phillips, BS Zabinski, JS Shreeve, JM TI Phosphazene-based ionic liquids: Synthesis, temperature-dependent viscosity, and effect as additives in water lubrication of silicon nitride ceramics SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; TRIBOCHEMICAL WEAR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; FRICTION; SI3N4; HYDROLYSIS; SALTS AB Phosphazene rings with (dimethylamino)ethoxy (1, 2), pyridylmethoxy (3), or (dimethylamino)propoxy (4) chains were synthesized and quaternized at the substitutent nitrogen by treatment with methyl iodide at 35 degreesC over 3-6 h to give polyiodo salts, 5-8. Subsequent metathesis with LiN(SO2CF3)(2) or NaBF4 gave the respective ionic salts, 9-13. The amide salts, 9-12, were viscous liquids with pour points at 55-100 degreesC, and the tetrafluoroborate salt, 13, was a solid, mp 168 degreesC. The compositions of 2 and 5-13 were confirmed by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 were viscous liquids (d(25) = 1.67 g cm(-3); eta(25) = 0.76-1.56 mPa s(-1)) with pour points at similar to15 degreesC. The solid polyquaternary salts, 5-8, melted at 130-194 degreesC. The ionic liquids, 9-12, had an average density of similar to1.73 g cm(-3) at 25 degreesC, and viscosities (25 degreesC) ranged between 68.3 and 139.2 mPa s(-1). A plot of the viscosities of 9-12 vs temperature revealed an almost linear correlation between 55 and 120 degreesC. Friction and wear properties of water with 0.25 wt % of 9-12 as boundary lubricant additives were evaluated on Si3N4/Si3N4 ceramic interfaces. The most significant observation is that they caused a decrease in the running-in period. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Div Mat,Nonstruct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shreeve, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jshreeve@uidaho.edu NR 31 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 23 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 17 BP 5466 EP 5471 DI 10.1021/ic049483o PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 847MO UT WOS:000223397100043 PM 15310229 ER PT J AU Lee, J AF Lee, J TI Energy-conserving Galerkin representation of clamped plates under a moderately large deflection SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID RECTANGULAR-PLATES AB In the moderately large deflection plate theory of von Karman and Chu-Herrmann, one can formulate dynamic equations of a thin plate by considering either the transverse and in-plane displacements, w-u-v formulation, or the transverse displacement and Airy function, w-F formulation. Previously, for a simply supported plate we have investigated the Hamiltonian property of modal equations obtained by the Galerkin representation under w u-v and w-F formulations. We extend here such investigations to a rectangular clamped plate with similar conclusions. That is, the modal equations of w-F formulation are Hamiltonian and hence energy conserving at any order of truncation. On the other hand, the corresponding modal equations of w-u-v formulation do not conserve energy when only a small number of sine terms are included in the in-plane displacement expansions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, VASS, Dept Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VASS, Dept Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jon.lee@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD AUG 23 PY 2004 VL 275 IS 3-5 BP 649 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2003.06.004 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 837PU UT WOS:000222648500011 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Lyons, CB Tan, LS AF Baek, JB Lyons, CB Tan, LS TI Synthesis and optical properties of organo-soluble hyperbranched polybenzthiazoles from A3+B2 monomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, CA, South Korea. USAF, MLBP, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 72-POLY BP U336 EP U336 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801749 ER PT J AU Bunker, CE Karnes, JJ Guliants, EA Gord, JR Phelps, DK AF Bunker, CE Karnes, JJ Guliants, EA Gord, JR Phelps, DK TI Sensors and sensor technologies for jet fuel analysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 86-PETR BP U183 EP U183 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713800948 ER PT J AU Dodd, JA Castle, KJ Hwang, ES AF Dodd, JA Castle, KJ Hwang, ES TI Influence of CO2-O and NO-O vibrational energy transfer on the temperature and density structure of the upper atmosphere. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, VSBYM, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Chem, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM James.Dodd@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 110-PHYS BP U217 EP U217 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801069 ER PT J AU Duff, JW Dothe, H Sharma, RD AF Duff, JW Dothe, H Sharma, RD TI Vibration-rotation distribution of the nascent no resulting from the N(D-2)+O-2 -> NO+O reaction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBYB, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM duff@spectral.com; ramesh.sharma@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 159-PHYS BP U225 EP U225 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801118 ER PT J AU Graham, J Jin, S Harris, FW Cheng, SZD Bunning, TJ AF Graham, J Jin, S Harris, FW Cheng, SZD Bunning, TJ TI Synthesis and characterization of high performance poly(thiophene). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Maurice Morton Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. AFRL, MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM grahamm@uakron.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 82-POLY BP U338 EP U338 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801759 ER PT J AU Graham, JL Striebich, RC Minus, DK Harrison, WE AF Graham, JL Striebich, RC Minus, DK Harrison, WE TI Swelling of selected o-ring materials in jet propulsion and Fischer-Tropsch fuels. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, AFRL, PRSF, Washington, DC USA. AFRL, PRTG, Washington, DC USA. EM grahamjl@udri.udayton.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 57-PETR BP U178 EP U178 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713800919 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Suter, UW AF Heinz, H Suter, UW TI Structure and phase transitions of alkylammonium chains on mica. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Branch Polymers, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@wright.edu RI Suter, Ulrich/H-8900-2013 OI Suter, Ulrich/0000-0001-7467-7346 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 783-INOR BP U900 EP U900 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712803818 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Suter, UW AF Heinz, H Suter, UW TI Atomic charges for classical simulations of polar systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Mat Directorate, Branch Polymers, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@wright.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 343-PHYS BP U252 EP U252 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801299 ER PT J AU Levandier, DJ Chiu, YH Dressler, RA AF Levandier, DJ Chiu, YH Dressler, RA TI Reactions of O+ with hydrocarbons at low-earth orbit conditions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, VSBXT, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Dale.Levandier@hanscom.af.mil; Rainer.Dressler@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 112-PHYS BP U217 EP U217 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801071 ER PT J AU Maguire, JF AF Maguire, JF TI From Boyle to Priestley: The birth of chemistry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.maguire@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 012-HIST BP U753 EP U753 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802951 ER PT J AU Marchant, D Koo, JH Blanski, RL Weber, EH Ruth, PN Lee, A Schlaefer, C AF Marchant, D Koo, JH Blanski, RL Weber, EH Ruth, PN Lee, A Schlaefer, C TI Flammability and thermophysical characterization of thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 ERC Inc, AFRL, PRSM, AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 19-PMSE BP U418 EP U418 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802179 ER PT J AU Serin, JM Oar, MA Dichtel, WR Tao, YF Helms, BA Frechet, JMJ Ohulchanskyy, TY Prasad, PN Kannan, R Tan, LS AF Serin, JM Oar, MA Dichtel, WR Tao, YF Helms, BA Frechet, JMJ Ohulchanskyy, TY Prasad, PN Kannan, R Tan, LS TI Novel dendritic oxygen photosensitizers utilizing single- and multi-photon excitation in both organic and aqueous solutions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, AFRL,MLBP, Washington, DC USA. EM frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Dichtel, William/A-5503-2009 OI Dichtel, William/0000-0002-3635-6119 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 33-PMSE BP U420 EP U420 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713802193 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, S Pachter, R TI Quantitative structure-property relationships for melting points of a new class of ionic liquids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, MLPJ, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 047-ENVR BP U549 EP U549 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802324 ER PT J AU Wallace, WH Li, LX Marolla, TV Diltz, RA Henley, MV AF Wallace, WH Li, LX Marolla, TV Diltz, RA Henley, MV TI Biohydrogen as a component of waste management at deployed air bases. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM william.wallace@tyndall.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 318-ENVR BP U642 EP U643 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851UZ UT WOS:000223712802595 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Baek, JB Qin, HH Mather, PT Arnold, FE Tan, LS AF Wang, DH Baek, JB Qin, HH Mather, PT Arnold, FE Tan, LS TI Propargyl-terminated hyperbranched poly(arylene-ether-ketone-imide) with various molecular weights and blends with an ethynyl-terminated bisimide resin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Univ Connecticut, Chem Engn & Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. AFRL, MLBCO, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM david.wang@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 74-POLY BP U336 EP U337 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801751 ER PT J AU Wilkes, JS AF Wilkes, JS TI Properties of ionic liquid solvents that make them good and bad for organic reaction chemistry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.wilkes@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 539-ORGN BP U123 EP U123 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713800604 ER PT J AU Williams, S Corera, SAP Kahandawala, MSP Carter, CD Graham, JL Sidhu, SS AF Williams, S Corera, SAP Kahandawala, MSP Carter, CD Graham, JL Sidhu, SS TI Investigation of kinetics of iso-octane ignition under scramjet conditions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2004 VL 228 MA 695-PHYS BP U303 EP U303 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 851VJ UT WOS:000223713801641 ER PT J AU Haugan, T Barnes, PN Wheeler, R Meisenkothen, F Sumption, M AF Haugan, T Barnes, PN Wheeler, R Meisenkothen, F Sumption, M TI Addition of nanoparticle dispersions to enhance flux pinning of the YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED GROWTH; COATED CONDUCTORS; RECENT PROGRESS; CURRENT-DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; YBCO; SUPERLATTICES; SUBSTRATE AB Following the discovery of type-II high-temperature superconductors in 1986 (refs 1, 2), work has proceeded to develop these materials for power applications. One of the problems, however, has been that magnetic flux is not completely expelled, but rather is contained within magnetic fluxons, whose motion prevents larger supercurrents. It is known that the critical current of these materials can be enhanced by incorporating a high density of extended defects to act as pinning centres for the fluxons(3,4). YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO or 123) is the most promising material for such applications at higher temperatures ( liquid nitrogen) 3-13. Pinning is optimized when the size of the defects approaches the superconducting coherence length (similar to2-4 nm for YBCO at temperatures less than or equal to77 K) and when the areal number density of defects is of the order of (H/2) x 10(11) cm(-2), where H is the applied magnetic field in tesla(3,4). Such a high density has been difficult to achieve by material-processing methods that maintain a nanosize defect, except through irradiation(5). Here we report a method for achieving a dispersion of similar to8-nm-sized nanoparticles in YBCO with a high number density, which increases the critical current ( at 77 K) by a factor of two to three for high magnetic fields. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 24 TC 467 Z9 472 U1 13 U2 104 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 7002 BP 867 EP 870 DI 10.1038/nature02792 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 847DA UT WOS:000223369800035 PM 15318215 ER PT J AU Urbas, A Klosterman, J Tondiglia V Natarajan, L Sutherland, R Tsutsumi, S Ikeda, T Bunning, T AF Urbas, A Klosterman, J Tondiglia, V Natarajan, L Sutherland, R Tsutsumi, S Ikeda, T Bunning, T TI Optically switchable Bragg reflectors SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; MOLECULES; GRATINGS; FILMS AB One-dimensional holographic photonic crystals that incorporate photochromic azobenzene-derived liquid crystals azobenzene-derived liquid crystals (LCs) have been produced. The additive photochromic molecules disrupt the host LC nematic order, inducing an isothermal phase transition and changing the effective dielectric properties of the LC layer (see Figure). This imparts photo-optic properties to the structure, allowing for its reflectivity to be modulated with exposure to light. C1 AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. SAIC, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. RP Bunning, T (reprint author), AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 16 BP 1453 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200400206 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 854WF UT WOS:000223933700015 ER PT J AU Wu, P Saraf, G Lu, YC Hill, DH Bartynski, RA Arena, DA Ryu, MY Raley, JA Yeo, YK AF Wu, P Saraf, G Lu, YC Hill, DH Bartynski, RA Arena, DA Ryu, MY Raley, JA Yeo, YK TI Ion-beam-induced sharpening of ZnO nanotips SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAN; FERROMAGNETISM; BOMBARDMENT; CRYSTALS AB Fe ions of dose 5x10(16) cm(-2) were implanted at 200 keV into ZnO nanotips at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the implanted ZnO tips are much sharper than the as-grown ones. The sharpening effect of the ZnO nanotips is attributed to the interplay between ion sputtering and ion-induced surface diffusion. X-ray diffraction indicates that ZnO crystallinity was preserved during implantation. Photoluminescence measurements show development of a broad blue band and severe UV quenching upon ion bombardment, and partial recovery after annealing. X-ray absorption spectroscopy is consistent with Fe ions that are substitutional for Zn in the ZnO wurtzite lattice. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM ylu@ece.rutgers.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1247 EP 1249 DI 10.1063/1.1784043 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 845HU UT WOS:000223233800052 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB AF Miracle, DB TI Efficient local packing in metallic glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ALLOYS; FORMABILITY; SPHERES; SOLIDS AB A simple topological model in an earlier manuscript has provided additional support for the concept that efficient atomic packing is a fundamental principle in the formation of metallic glasses. In that work, an approach for defining and quantifying the local packing efficiency, P, was developed for solute-centered clusters that contained only solvent atoms in the first coordination shell. In the present work, this methodology is extended to allow quantification of P when more than one atomic species is present in the first coordination shell. This analysis is applied to several metallic glasses using published experimental data of partial coordination numbers. It is shown that packing in the first coordination shell is generally very efficient, even though the systems studied have significant differences in atomic species, compositions and relative atomic sizes. It is shown that packing is generally efficient around both solute and solvent atom species. Local packing efficiencies much less than unity are expected to be uncommon, since the global average packing efficiency is near unity and local packing efficiencies greater than unity are physically improbable. Deviations from efficiently packed configurations are discussed with respect to the local packing efficiencies in competing crystalline structures and with poorer glass forming ability. The values of P obtained for metallic glasses are essentially identical to the values obtained from a similar analysis of the competing crystalline structures. These results are consistent with frequent earlier reports of topological short range ordering in metallic glasses and with developments that have established the relationship between dense atomic packing and glass formation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.miracle@wpafb.af.mil NR 35 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 342 IS 1-3 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.05.017 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 859AY UT WOS:000224235500014 ER PT J AU Roy, S Meyer, TR Lucht, RP Afzelius, M Bengtsson, PE Gord, JR AF Roy, S Meyer, TR Lucht, RP Afzelius, M Bengtsson, PE Gord, JR TI Dual-pump dual-broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in reacting flows SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL CARS; TEMPERATURE AB A dual-pump, dual-broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering system for simultaneous measurements of temperature and concentrations of N-2, O-2, and CO2 in reacting flows is demonstrated. In this system pure rotational transitions of N-2-O-2 and rovibrational transitions of N-2-CO2 are probed simultaneously with two narrowband pump beams, a broadband pump beam, and a broadband Stokes beam. The main advantage of this technique is that it permits accurate temperature measurements at both low and high temperatures as well as concentration measurements of three molecules. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Lund Inst Technol, Div Combust Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM sukesh@innssi.com RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011; Afzelius, Mikael/N-5825-2016 OI Afzelius, Mikael/0000-0001-8367-6820 NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 16 BP 1843 EP 1845 DI 10.1364/OL.29.001843 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 843JJ UT WOS:000223074600003 PM 15357334 ER PT J AU Vahala, G Vahala, L Yepez, J AF Vahala, G Vahala, L Yepez, J TI Inelastic vector soliton collisions: a lattice-based quantum representation SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dynamics CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Amer Univ Beirut, Ctr Adv Math Sci, Beirut, LEBANON SP Schlumberger Fdn, European Phys Soc, Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Lebanese Ctr Natl Rech Sci HO Amer Univ Beirut, Ctr Adv Math Sci DE vector solitons; Manakov equations; inelastic soliton collisions; quantum lattice gas algorithms; turbulence ID OPTICAL SOLITONS; EQUATIONS; LIGHT AB Lattice-based quantum algorithms are developed for vector soliton collisions in the completely integrable Manakov equations, a system of coupled nonlinear Schrodinger (coupled-NLS) equations that describe the propagation of pulses in a birefringent fibre of unity cross-phase modulation factor. Under appropriate conditions the exact 2-soliton vector solutions yield inelastic soliton collisions, in agreement with the theoretical predictions of Radhakrishnan et al. (1997 Phys. Rev. E56, 2213). For linearly birefringent fibres, quasi-elastic solitary-wave collisions are obtained with emission of radiation. In a coupled integrable turbulent NLS system, soliton turbulence is found with mode intensity spectrum scaling as k(-6). C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Vahala, G (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM vahala@niv.physics.wm.edu NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 362 IS 1821 BP 1677 EP 1690 DI 10.1098/rsta.2004.1415 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 842HM UT WOS:000222994300012 PM 15306439 ER PT J AU Boghosian, BM Love, P Yepez, J AF Boghosian, BM Love, P Yepez, J TI Entropic lattice Boltzmann model for Burgers's equation SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dynamics CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Amer Univ Beirut, Ctr Adv Math Sci, Beirut, LEBANON SP Schlumberger Fdn, European Phys Soc, Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Lebanese Ctr Natl Rech Sci HO Amer Univ Beirut, Ctr Adv Math Sci DE lattice Boltzmann; Burgers's equation; kinetic theory AB Entropic lattice Boltzmann models are discrete-velocity models of hydrodynamics that possess a Lyapunov function. This feature makes them useful as nonlinearly stable numerical methods for integrating hydrodynamic equations. Over the last few years, such models have been successfully developed for the Navier-Stokes equations in two and three dimensions, and have been proposed as a new category of subgrid model of turbulence. In the present work we develop an entropic lattice Boltzmann model for Burgers's equation in one spatial dimension. In addition to its pedagogical value as a simple example of such a model, our result is actually a very effective way to simulate Burgers's equation in one dimension. At moderate to high values of viscosity, we confirm that it exhibits no trace of instability. At very small values of viscosity, however, we report the existence of oscillations of bounded amplitude in the vicinity of the shock, where gradient scale lengths become comparable with the grid size. As the viscosity decreases, the amplitude at which these oscillations saturate tends to increase. This indicates that, in spite of their nonlinear stability, entropic lattice Boltzmann models may become inaccurate when the ratio of gradient scale length to grid spacing becomes too small. Similar inaccuracies may limit the utility of the entropic lattice Boltzmann paradigm as a subgrid model of Navier-Stokes turbulence. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Math, Medford, MA 02155 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Boghosian, BM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Math, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM bruce.boghosian@tufts.edu NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 362 IS 1821 BP 1691 EP 1701 DI 10.1098/rsta.2004.1410 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 842HM UT WOS:000222994300013 PM 15306440 ER PT J AU Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Florando, JN Nix, WD AF Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Florando, JN Nix, WD TI Sample dimensions influence strength and crystal plasticity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; SIZE; DEFORMATION; COPPER; WHISKERS; STRESS; SCALE AB When a crystal deforms plastically, phenomena such as dislocation storage, multiplication, motion, pinning, and nucleation occur over the submicron-to-nanometer scale. Here we report measurements of plastic yielding for single crystals of micrometer-sized dimensions for three different types of metals. We find that within the tests, the overall sample dimensions artificially limit the length scales available for plastic processes. The results show dramatic size effects at surprisingly large sample dimensions. These results emphasize that at the micrometer scale, one must de. ne both the external geometry and internal structure to characterize the strength of a material. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.uchic@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 1137 Z9 1154 U1 26 U2 360 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5686 BP 986 EP 989 DI 10.1126/science.1098993 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 845ND UT WOS:000223250700042 PM 15310897 ER PT J AU Ruyten, W AF Ruyten, W TI Oxygen quenching of PtTFPP in FIB polymer: a sequential process? SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-SENSITIVE PAINT; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY METHOD; FLUORESCENCE DECAY; LUMINESCENCE; PARAMETERS; LIFETIMES; IDEALITY; NOISE; FILMS AB Oxygen quenching of PtTFPP in FIB polymer is analyzed using a discrete exponential model (DEM), a Forster decay model (FDM) and a maximum entropy model (MEM). The FDM, which has been advocated for a similar system to counter presumed nonphysical dependence of the DEM amplitudes on quencher density, is discounted for the present system. Instead, the MEM is found to support the DEM in suggesting that the decay-rate distribution is bimodal, with fractional contributions that depend on quencher density. A sequential decay mechanism involving a to-be-identified intermediate state is proposed to explain this behavior. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Aerosp Testing Alliance, Integrated Test & Evaluat, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Aerosp Testing Alliance, Integrated Test & Evaluat, 1107 Ave C,MS 6400, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM wim.ruyten@arnold.af.mil NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 394 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.06.125 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 845KQ UT WOS:000223241800019 ER PT J AU Horn, A Mollendal, H Sekiguchi, O Uggerud, E Roberts, H Herbst, E Viggiano, AA Fridgen, TD AF Horn, A Mollendal, H Sekiguchi, O Uggerud, E Roberts, H Herbst, E Viggiano, AA Fridgen, TD TI The gas-phase formation of methyl formate in hot molecular cores SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : molecules; molecular data; molecular processes; radio lines : ISM ID SOLVENT-EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIA; PROTON-BOUND DIMERS; FORMIC-ACID; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; SAGITTARIUS B2; COMPACT RIDGE; ION; FORMALDEHYDE; METHANOL; GLYCOLALDEHYDE AB Methyl formate, HCOOCH3, is a well-known interstellar molecule prominent in the spectra of hot molecular cores. The current view of its formation is that it occurs in the gas phase from precursor methanol, which is synthesized on the surfaces of grain mantles during a previous colder era and evaporates while temperatures increase during the process of high-mass star formation. The specific reaction sequence thought to form methyl formate, the ion-molecule reaction between protonated methanol and formaldehyde followed by dissociative recombination of the protonated ion [HCO(H)OCH3](+), has not been studied in detail in the laboratory. We present here the results of both a quantum chemical study of the ion-molecule reaction between [CH3OH2](+) and H2CO as well as new experimental work on the system. In addition, we report theoretical and experimental studies for a variety of other possible gas-phase reactions leading to ion precursors of methyl formate. The studied chemical processes leading to methyl formate are included in a chemical model of hot cores. Our results show that none of these gas-phase processes produces enough methyl formate to explain its observed abundance. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, NO-0135 Oslo, Norway. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. RP Horn, A (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, POB 1033 Blindern, NO-0135 Oslo, Norway. RI Fridgen, Travis/D-9700-2012 OI Fridgen, Travis/0000-0001-7625-868X NR 44 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 15 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 611 IS 1 BP 605 EP 614 DI 10.1086/422137 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 845IO UT WOS:000223236000048 ER PT J AU Lu, YL AF Lu, YL TI Dielectric and ferroelectric behaviors in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 rhombohedral/tetragonal superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE; ENHANCEMENT; CONSTANT AB Artificial superlattices composing of alternatively stacked tetragonal (T) and rhombohedral (R) (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3) phases have been grown. Large dielectric constant enhancement, strong structural dependences of ferroelectric properties including remnant polarization, coercive field, phase transition temperature, and large nonlinear dielectric property enhancement, were measured. These enhancements were explained by the long-range spontaneous polarization coupling and by the increased internal strains inside the superlattices. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF Acad, LORC, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, LORC, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.af.mil NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 6 BP 979 EP 981 DI 10.1063/1.1777821 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843TM UT WOS:000223109500043 ER PT J AU Amer, MS El-Ashry, MM Maguire, JF AF Amer, MS El-Ashry, MM Maguire, JF TI Study of the hydrostatic pressure dependence of the Raman spectrum of single-walled carbon nanotubes and nanospheres SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PHASE-TRANSITIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; C-60; FULLERENE; ORIENTATION; SENSORS; FILMS AB We have investigated the behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes and nanospheres (C-60) under high hydrostatic pressure using Raman spectroscopy over the pressure range 0.2-10 GPa using a diamond anvil cell. Different liquid mixtures were used as pressure transmission fluids (PTF). Comparing the pressure dependence of the Raman peak positions for the nanotubes and the nanospheres in different PTF leads to the observation of a number of new phenomena. The observed shift in Raman peak position of both radial and tangential modes as a function of applied pressure and their dependence on the PTF chemical composition can be rationalized in terms of adsorption of molecular species from the of PTF on to the surface of the carbon nanotubes and/or nanospheres. The peak shifts are fully reversible and take place at a comparatively modest pressure (2-3 GPa) that is far below pressures that might be required to collapse the nanoparticles. Surface adsorption of molecular species on the nanotube or nanospheres provides a far more plausible rational for the observed phenomena than ideas based on the notion of tube collapse that have been put forward in the recent literature. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Direct, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Amer, MS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM maher.amer@wright.edu RI Amer, Maher/A-1802-2009 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 6 BP 2752 EP 2757 DI 10.1063/1.1768 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 840JX UT WOS:000222855700038 PM 15281878 ER PT J AU Martin, RB Qu, LW Lin, Y Harruff, BA Bunker, CE Gord, JR Allard, LF Sun, YP AF Martin, RB Qu, LW Lin, Y Harruff, BA Bunker, CE Gord, JR Allard, LF Sun, YP TI Functionalized carbon nanotubes with tethered pyrenes: Synthesis and photophysical properties SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR EXCIMER FORMATION; 1,3-DI(1-PYRENYL)PROPANE; FLUORESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; CHROMOPHORE; POLYMERS; MONOMER; DECAY AB Single-walled (SWNTs) and multiple-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were functionalized with dendra of tethered pyrene species, where the tether length was varied. These functionalized carbon nanotube samples are soluble in common organic solvents, making it possible to characterize the samples and to investigate and compare the photophysical properties of the tethered pyrene moieties in homogeneous solution. In general, the pyrene monomer excited state is significantly quenched by two competing processes of "intramolecular" excimer formation and energy transfer to the nanotube. The excimer formation is dynamic in nature, and the excimer emission is also quenched by the energy transfer, contributing to the overall low fluorescence quantum yields and rapid fluorescence decays. There are effects of the tether length on photoexcited-state properties of the pyrene species according to a comparison of the results obtained in solution vs in solid-state polymer matrix. The structurally more flexible environment for the pyrene moiety associated with a longer tether is more favorable to the excimer formation and less favorable to the excited-state energy transfer. The mechanistic implication of the results and potential applications of such materials are discussed. C1 Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, YP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM syaping@clemson.edu NR 40 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 31 BP 11447 EP 11453 DI 10.1021/jp048984s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 842KH UT WOS:000223002400029 ER PT J AU Bae, HR Grandhi, RV AF Bae, HR Grandhi, RV TI Successive matrix inversion method for reanalysis of engineering structural systems SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION; APPROXIMATIONS; EFFICIENT; DESIGN AB Over the past several decades, numerous structural analysis techniques have been developed to represent physical systems behavior more realistically, and the structural models, therefore, have become larger and more complex. Even though modern computer power has increased significantly, cost of computational analysis has been a major restrictive factor in a structural system design involving multiple disciplines and repetitive simulations. A new reanalysis technique is developed. The successive matrix inversion (SMI) method is most suitable for reanalysis of structures. The SMI method reproduces exact solutions for any localized modification of the initial system. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency of this method. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bae, HR (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM hbae@cs.wright.edu; robert.canfield@afit.edu NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1529 EP 1535 DI 10.2514/1.4715 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 844FC UT WOS:000223141900004 ER PT J AU Rathkopf, MM Quinn, JM Proffer, DL Napoli, DC AF Rathkopf, MM Quinn, JM Proffer, DL Napoli, DC TI Patient knowledge of immunotherapy before and after an educational intervention: a comparison of 2 methods SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY; POLLEN IMMUNOTHERAPY; HAY-FEVER; FATALITIES; ASTHMA AB Background: Immunotherapy is an invaluable therapy for allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and hymenoptera hypersensitivity. It is, however, not without risks. Objectives: To examine patient knowledge regarding immunotherapy and to determine the most effective educational method to improve their knowledge by answering the following questions: Before educational intervention, what is the current knowledge level regarding allergy vaccinations of patients receiving immunotherapy? What effect does an educational encounter have on that level of knowledge? Which educational intervention-a one-on-one session vs a handout-if either, increases patient knowledge more? Methods: An original, self-administered patient questionnaire was distributed to all patients receving immunotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned to a control group, an intervention group that received an educational handout monthly for 2 months, or an intervention group that had a one-on-one educational session with a physician or nurse practitioner. After 3 months, all patients completed an identical follow-up questionnaire. Pretest and posttest scores were compared for each group and among the different groups to determine which method was more effective. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of instruction type on differences in pretest and posttest scores. Results: All 3 groups significantly improved their mean overall questionnaire scores (P <.001). The amount of change was greater in the intervention groups than in the control group, but it did not reach statistical significance (P = .59). Conclusions: Baseline immunotherapy knowledge of allergy vaccination patients was better than expected, and further educational interventions did not significantly improve this knowledge. C1 USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Rathkopf, MM (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, 759 MDOS MMIA,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM melinda.rathkopf@lackland.af.mil NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 BP 147 EP 153 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 848OW UT WOS:000223478000009 PM 15328674 ER PT J AU Hval, ES Barrett, SF Wilcox, M Bailey, TA AF Hval, ES Barrett, SF Wilcox, M Bailey, TA TI An improved Morris Water Maze tracking algorithm for psychophysical studies SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Morris Water Maze; tracking algorithms; template matching AB An algorithm to track a rat swimming in a Morris Water Maze has been developed. The system is automatically configured to any pool and relative suitable light conditions. It tracks the rat's position and head pose 10 times per second. The output data is displayed in a bitmap and also in a text file. The system was tested with an X - Y plotter using a simulated rat swimming in the maze. Known signals were provided to a model rat and compared to the position and pose information provided by the tracking algorithm. The algorithm was able to track rat velocities up to 2.32 m/s, localize rat position to 4 mm within the maze. and provide head pose information. Early prototypes of the algorithm were also used to track actual rats in a water maze. C1 Univ Wyoming, Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Univ Wyoming, Coll Engn, Dept Comp Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Barrett, SF (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 3295,1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM steveb@uwyo.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1141 EP 1152 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 851GQ UT WOS:000223674000011 PM 15446510 ER PT J AU Bulutoglu, DA Cheng, CS AF Bulutoglu, DA Cheng, CS TI Construction of E(s(2))-optimal supersaturated designs SO ANNALS OF STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE balanced incomplete block designs; difference families; effect sparsity; Hadamard matrices AB Booth and Cox proposed the E(s(2)) criterion for constructing two-level supersaturated designs. Nguyen [Technometrics 38 (1996) 69-73] and Tang and Wu [Canad. J. Statist 25 (1997) 191-201] independently derived a lower bound for E(s(2)). This lower bound can be achieved only when m is a multiple of N - 1, where m is the number of factors and N is the run size. We present a method that uses difference families to construct designs that satisfy this lower bound. We also derive better lower bounds for the case where the Nguyen-Tang-Wu bound is not achievable. Our bounds cover more cases than a bound recently obtained by Butler, Mead, Eskridge and Gilmour [J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat. Methodol. 63 (2001) 621-632]. New E(s(2))-optimal designs are obtained by using a computer to search for designs that achieve the improved bounds. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Stat Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Bulutoglu, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENC, Bldg 640 Room 151C,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dursun@math.uic.edu; cheng@stat.smica.edu.tw NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI BEACHWOOD PA PO BOX 22718, BEACHWOOD, OH 44122 USA SN 0090-5364 J9 ANN STAT JI Ann. Stat. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1662 EP 1678 DI 10.1214/009053604000000472 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 849DO UT WOS:000223519100012 ER PT J AU Leach, BC Graham, BS AF Leach, BC Graham, BS TI Papular lesion of the proximal nail fold SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECCRINE SPIRADENOMA; TUMORS; HAND C1 USAF, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Leach, BC (reprint author), USAF, San Diego, CA USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 140 IS 8 BP 1003 EP + DI 10.1001/archderm.140.8.1003-a PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 844SO UT WOS:000223180300015 PM 15313820 ER PT J AU Mittendorf, EA Goel, A Seaman, P AF Mittendorf, EA Goel, A Seaman, P TI Image of the month - Cholecystocolonic fistula SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Surg, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Mittendorf, EA (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 1050 W Perimeter Rd, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. EM elizabeth.mittendorf@mgmc.af.mil NR 2 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 139 IS 8 BP 907 EP 908 DI 10.1001/archsurg.139.8.907 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 843WT UT WOS:000223118400025 PM 15302703 ER PT J AU Price, SD Paxson, C Engelke, C Murdock, TL AF Price, SD Paxson, C Engelke, C Murdock, TL TI Spectral irradiance calibration in the infrared. XV. Absolute calibration of standard stars by experiments on the Midcourse Space Experiment SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; instrumentation : detectors ID SPIRIT-III RADIOMETER; POINT-SOURCE EXTRACTION; MU-M; SOLAR-CONSTANT; SENSOR; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ALGORITHMS; BLACK; ALPHA AB Calibration experiments were conducted with the SPIRIT III infrared instrument on the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) against a number of infrared standard stars and five emissive reference spheres that were ejected at various times during the mission. The physical properties of the 2 cm diameter spheres, such as size and emissivity, were precisely measured in the laboratory. The energy balance equation between the total flux absorbed and that emitted by the sphere is solved to obtain the time-dependent temperature of the sphere under the assumption that the sphere radiates as a blackbody with the measured wavelength-dependent emissivity. The estimated uncertainties in the modeling of the sphere are about 1 K in the thermal component and 3% for the geometric contribution. MSX also measured over 150 mean fluxes for eight standard infrared calibration stars during the 10 month mission. The measurements were scaled to the absolute fluxes that Cohen et al. adopt for alpha CMa ( Sirius). The measured spectral energy distributions of the calibration stars relative to Sirius are within the uncertainties that Cohen et al. assign to the absolute fluxes from these stars, with a few exceptions. However, the MSX measurement uncertainties are generally much smaller, and the mission-averaged fluxes reveal statistically significant deviations from the Cohen et al. values. Of the calibration stars, only beta Peg was found to be variable. MSX also measured excess fluxes for alpha Lyr (Vega) in the 12.1, 14.7, and 21.3 mum spectral bands; the excesses in the latter two bands are consistent with the published thermal model for the dust ring around this star. The absolute calibration of the fluxes of the stellar standards based on the average of the measurements of the spheres over all MSX bands and the five experiments agrees with those predicted to within the 1.4% MSX measurement uncertainties. The zero-magnitude absolute fluxes proposed by Cohen et al. are validated if the flux from Sirius is increased by 1%. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Frontier Technol Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Price, SD (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM steve.price@hanscom.af.mil; CPaxson@bos.fti-net.com; Charles.Engelke@hanscom.af.mil; TMurdock@bos.fti-net.com NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 128 IS 2 BP 889 EP 910 DI 10.1086/422024 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 843QO UT WOS:000223099600030 ER PT J AU Campbell, JL Smith, MA Fisher, JW Warren, DA AF Campbell, JL Smith, MA Fisher, JW Warren, DA TI Dose-response for retinoic acid-induced forelimb malformations and cleft palate: A comparison of computerized image analysis and visual inspection SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE retinoic acid; limb malformation; cleft palate; mouse; computerized image analysis; benchmark dose ID MORPHOGENESIS; TERATOGENICITY; ISOTRETINOIN; EXPOSURE; DEFECTS; MICE AB BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to (1) compare two techniques (computerized image analysis and visual morphological evaluation) for the assessment of fetal forelimb malformations and (2) increase the robustness of the dose-response curve for forelimb and cleft palate malformations resulting from all-trans retinoic acid (RA) exposure in GD 11 mice. METHODS: Pregnant CD-1 mice were administered a single oral dose of all-trans RA (0, 2.5,10,30, 60, or 100 mg/kg) on GD 11. GD 18 fetuses were examined for malformations using visual morphological scoring and computerized image analysis. RESULTS: Dose-dependent changes occurred in the size and shape of the humerus, radius, and ulna based on both assessment methodologies. The most sensitive indicators for the lowest effect level (10 mg/kg) on forelimbs were roundness, a shape measurement determined by image analysis, and visual morphological scoring. For all other bone measurements (proximal and distal width, area, length, and perimeter), the lowest effect level was 30 mg/kg. The maximum effect for limb defects and total malformed fetuses was seen at 60 mg/kg and higher. Incidence of cleft palate increased over the entire range of administered doses reaching a maximum of 74% (100 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, results indicate that computerized image analysis was no more sensitive in detecting changes in the humerus, radius, and ulna than gross visual examination. Dose-response modeling of developmental endpoints yielded comparable benchmark dose levels for long bones and cleft palate that ranged from 0.24 to 7.6 mg/kg all-trans RA. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Smith, MA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 206 Environm Hlth Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM masmith@uga.edu NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-9733 EI 1542-9741 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 71 IS 4 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1002/bdrd.20015 PG 7 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 852JV UT WOS:000223752500003 PM 15334526 ER PT J AU Barrett, MJ Lacey, CS Sekara, AE Linden, EA Gracely, EJ AF Barrett, MJ Lacey, CS Sekara, AE Linden, EA Gracely, EJ TI Mastering cardiac murmurs - The power of repetition SO CHEST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Chest-Physicians CY OCT 25-30, 2003 CL ORLAMDO, FL SP Amer Coll Chest Physicians DE cardiac murmurs; heart auscultation; medical students; teaching ID INTERNAL-MEDICINE; AUSCULTATION; DIAGNOSIS; PATIENT; SKILLS AB Background: The ability of medical students to recognize heart murmurs is poor (20%), and does not improve with subsequent years of training. A teaching method to improve this skill would be useful. Study objectives: To determine whether intensive repetition of four basic cardiac murmurs improves auscultatory proficiency in medical students. Design: Controlled intervention study. Subjects: Fifty-one second-year medical students in an east coast medical school. Interventions: Subjects were classified into three groups: (1) a monitored group, who listened to 500 repetitions of each murmur in a monitored setting, (2) an unmonitored group, who listened to 500 repetitions of each murmur in an unmonitored setting, and (3) a control group. All three groups were tested using a pretest and posttest methodology. Measurements and results: The 20 subjects in the monitored group improved from 13.5 +/- 9.8 to 85 +/- 17.6% following the intervention (mean +/- SD). Similarly, 21 students in the unmonitored group improved from 20.9 +/- 10.9 to 86.1 +/- 15.6%. Ten control students showed no significant improvement (24 +/- 21.7 to 32 +/- 22.5%). The differences between the two intervention groups and the control subjects was significant at p < 0.001 by analysis of variance. Conclusion: Five hundred repetitions of four basic cardiac murmurs significantly improved auscultatory proficiency in recognizing basic cardiac murmurs by medical students. These results suggest that cardiac auscultation is, in part, a technical skill. C1 USAF, Dept Cardiovasc Med & Surg, Travis Base Hosp, Fairfield, CA USA. USAF, Dept Internal Med, Travis Base Hosp, Fairfield, CA USA. USN Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Jacksonville, FL USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Barrett, MJ (reprint author), 620 GSB Bldg,1 Belmont Ave, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004 USA. EM mbarret55@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 2004 VL 126 IS 2 BP 470 EP 475 DI 10.1378/chest.126.2.470 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 846CZ UT WOS:000223293900027 PM 15302733 ER PT J AU Roy, S Meyer, TR Lucht, RP Belovich, VM Corporan, E Gord, JR AF Roy, S Meyer, TR Lucht, RP Belovich, VM Corporan, E Gord, JR TI Temperature and CO2 concentration measurements in the exhaust stream of a liquid-fueled combustor using dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering; liquid-fueled combustor; sooting flames; temperature measurements ID ROTATIONAL CARS; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; FLAMES; AIR AB Single-shot, dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) measurements of N-2 and CO2 were performed in the exhaust stream of a swirl-stabilized JP-8-fueled combustor under sooting conditions. The combustor is designed to study particulate formation and particle-size distributions for different flame conditions and therefore is operated at near-stoichiometric overall fuel-air ratios. Various jet fuels and additive concentrations were studied. These conditions pose a significant challenge for temperature measurements using standard N-2 CARS due to strong flame emission and absorption of the CARS signal by the C-2 Swan band. With the dual-pump CARS technique employed in this study, the N-2 CARS signal is generated at a wavelength (496 nm) that is not absorbed by C-2, and concentration measurements of CO2 can be performed. The standard deviations of the single-shot temperature measurements were approximately 3-4% of the mean values for equivalence ratios ranging from 0.4 to 1.1, whereas those of the single-shot CO2 concentration measurements were between 9 and 20% of the mean values. Previous single-shot temperature and CO2 concentration measurements using dual-pump CARS in this liquid-fueled combustor were limited to an equivalence ratio of 0.45, with standard deviations in temperature of about 5-6% of the mean value of 1143 K (Lucht et al., AIAA J. 41 (4) (2003) 679-686). The current study demonstrates a significant improvement in the applicability of single-shot CARS temperature and CO2 concentration measurements to practical, swirl-stabilized combustors under sooting conditions. (C) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Innovat Sci Solutions Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solutions Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM sukesh@innssi.com RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2004 VL 138 IS 3 BP 273 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.04.012 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 848WK UT WOS:000223498600006 ER PT J AU Lyo, SK Huang, DH AF Lyo, SK Huang, DH TI Multisublevel transport and magnetoquantum oscillations in quantum wires SO CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Transport Synthetic Metals and Quantum Functional Semiconductors CY NOV 20-22, 2003 CL Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA HO Seoul Natl Univ DE ballistic; diffusive; conductance; thermopower; sign anomaly ID IMPURITY-LIMITED MOBILITY; QUANTIZED CONDUCTANCE; POINT CONTACTS; SUBBANDS AB Transport in one-dimensional (1D) wires show interesting properties due to restricted 1D phase space. We calculate 1D transport properties to a controlled accuracy and examine the effect of combined elastic and inelastic scattering on the conductance G and the thermoelectric power S of a single-quantum-well wire (SQWR) and tunnel-coupled double-quantum-well wires (DQWR's) in a perpendicular magnetic field. The field dependence of G and S are strikingly different in ballistic and diffusive regimes. Interwell tunneling in DQWR's distorts the conductance and the TEP drastically from those of a SQWR and yields a sign anomaly for S. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lyo, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sklyo@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1739 J9 CURR APPL PHYS JI Curr. Appl. Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5 BP 491 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.cap.2004.02.004 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 843KK UT WOS:000223077500014 ER PT J AU Krasuski, R Whitney, E Kolasa, M Zagol, B Personius, B Michalek, J Brown, B Gotto, A AF Krasuski, R Whitney, E Kolasa, M Zagol, B Personius, B Michalek, J Brown, B Gotto, A TI Elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and not anti-inflammatory effect accounts for the reduction in clinical events with combination gemfibrozil, niacin and cholestyramine therapy SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ESC Congress 2004 CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2004 CL Munich, GERMANY SP ESC C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Washington, San Antonio, TX USA. Weill Med Coll, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X EI 1522-9645 J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 25 SU S BP 50 EP 50 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 856PG UT WOS:000224056500189 ER PT J AU Pack, DJ Avanzato, R Ahlgren, DJ Verner, IM AF Pack, DJ Avanzato, R Ahlgren, DJ Verner, IM TI Fire-fighting mobile robotics and interdisciplinary design-comparative perspectives SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE design project; educational outcomes; fire-fighting robot contest; interdisciplinary curricula; mobile robotics; K-12 outreach AB The objective of this paper is to illustrate the benefits of an autonomous fire-fighting robot design competition as an effective tool for undergraduate education. It presents experiences at the United States Air Force Academy, USAF Academy, CO; Pennsylvania State University-Abington; and Trinity College, Hartford, CT, together with the results of the contest surveys conducted in collaboration with The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa. The primary goal of the design project is to create an autonomous mobile robot that navigates through a maze searching for a fire (simulated by a burning candle), detects the candle's flame, extinguishes the flame, and returns to a designated starting location in the maze. The fire-fighting design contest promotes interdisciplinary design and teamwork. To accomplish the stated goal, students must integrate knowledge gained from such classes as engineering design, circuits, controls, signals and systems, computer programming, mathematics, and engineering mechanics. Within the three institutions, the contest has been successfully utilized as a foundation for a wide range of educational goals. These activities include freshman design, robotics courses, K-12 outreach, senior design projects, and undergraduate research. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Engn Design, Technol & Profess Programs, Abington, PA 19001 USA. Trinity Coll, Dept Engn, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Educ Technol & Sci, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Pack, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1109/TE.2004.825547 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 846EZ UT WOS:000223299500010 ER PT J AU Radasky, WA Baum, CE Wik, MW AF Radasky, WA Baum, CE Wik, MW TI Introduction to the Special Issue on High-Power Electromagnetics (HPEM) and Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Editorial Material DE high-power electromagnetics (HPEM); intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI); standardization; system effects; transients AB A new threat to civil society has recently emerged. It is known as intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) and covers the threat of intense electromagnetic disturbances that may be applied to the sophisticated electronic systems that are so important to our daily lives. This paper provides a brief background for the threat, defines important terms, describes the different types of electromagnetic threats, explores the importance of topological concepts, summarizes the current understanding of equipment susceptibility, provides an overview of protection concepts, and summarizes the ongoing work in international standardization. This paper also serves as the introduction to the IEMI papers in this special issue. C1 Metatech Corp, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87118 USA. Def Mat Adm, SE-11588 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Radasky, WA (reprint author), Metatech Corp, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. EM wradasky@aol.com; Magdalena.Lopez@kirtland.af.mil; manuel.wik@fmv.se NR 42 TC 107 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 46 IS 3 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2004.831899 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 850GT UT WOS:000223599900001 ER PT J AU Prather, WD Baum, CE Torres, RJ Sabath, F Nitsch, D AF Prather, WD Baum, CE Torres, RJ Sabath, F Nitsch, D TI Survey of worldwide high-power wideband capabilities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE high-power microwaves; sources; test ranges; transient; ultrawideband AB Wideband and ultrawideband (UWB) technologies have achieved notable progress in recent years, aided immeasurably by improvements in solid-state manufacturing, computers, and digitizers. As a result, wideband systems that were difficult or impossible to implement ten years ago are now being built for an increasingly wide variety of applications including transient radar, concealed object detection, mine clearing, pipeline inspections, archeology, geology, electronic effects testing, and communications. In this paper, we discuss current wideband source technology around the world as well as laboratory and test facilities. We also will briefly touch on frequency limitations of anechoic chambers, design of transmission line simulators, frequency regulation requirements for outdoor ranges, and personnel exposure limits. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Res Inst Protect Technol, D-29623 Munster, Germany. RP Prather, WD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM william.prather@kirtland.af.mil RI Sabath, Frank/B-3928-2016 OI Sabath, Frank/0000-0001-6702-3715 NR 50 TC 53 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 46 IS 3 BP 335 EP 344 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2004.831826 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 850GT UT WOS:000223599900004 ER PT J AU Kwiatkowski, K Lyke, J Wojnarowski, R Kapusta, C Kleinfelder, S Wilke, M AF Kwiatkowski, K Lyke, J Wojnarowski, R Kapusta, C Kleinfelder, S Wilke, M TI 3-D electronics interconnect for high-performance imaging detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE adaptive lithography; die stacking; fast imagers; HDI; polymer bump bonding; 3-D interconnect ID PROTON RADIOGRAPHY; SYSTEMS AB We describe work that extends three-dimensional (3-D) patterned overlay high-density interconnect (HDI) to high-performance imaging applications. The work was motivated by the rigorous requirements of the multiple-pulse imager for dynamic proton radiography. The optical imager has to provide large (>90%) optical fill factor, high quantum efficiency, 200-ns inter-frame time interval, and storage for >32 frames. In order to accommodate the massively parallel electronics including the signal storage for a large number of frames, it is necessary to provide novel 3-D interconnect and packaging architectures. Recently, a 3-D interconnect technology was successfully demonstrated to assemble a stack of 50 signal-processing chips into a cube. Each chip contained test connections (interconnect continuity only) simulating 166 channels of pixel read-out electronics. Test cube assemblies, based on these mock-up integrated circuits, have been fabricated to explore the feasibility of constructing functional cube arrays. A novel 3-D integrated sensor-electronics (mirror-cube) imager architecture is proposed. We also briefly review progress in the custom fast image-processing electronics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Gen Elect Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Kwiatkowski, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H-803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM krisk@lanl.gov; james.lyke@kirtland.af.mil; stuartk@uci.edu; wilke@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1829 EP 1834 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832712 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600089 ER PT J AU McPherron, RL Siscoe, G Arge, N AF McPherron, RL Siscoe, G Arge, N TI Probabilistic forecasting of the 3-h ap index SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure CY MAR, 2003 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP NATO DE ap index; forecasting; geomagnetic activity; space weather ID SOLAR-WIND STRUCTURES; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PREDICTION; STORMS; DST; EXPANSION; SPEED AB Measurements of the solar wind are now available for nearly 40 years or four solar cycles. Several magnetic indexes are available for all of this time, and in most cases, some time before. Particle fluxes At geostationary orbit are available for nearly two solar cycles. Such data can be used to establish empirical relations between properties of the solar wind and indexes of magnetospheric and ionospheric activity. These relations are often expressed in terms of linear prediction filters, local linear filters, neural networks, or nonlinear transformations of solar wind data. The properties of these filters provide insight into the physical properties of the system and also can be used as real time predictors of future activity. All of these methods depend on real-time monitoring of the, solar wind somewhere between the Earth's bow shock And the L1 point. Consequently, they provide no more than 1 h of advance warning. Longer term predictions depend on remote sensing of the Sun or solar wind and new models that transform these observations into properties of the solar wind at the Earth. Thus far, the only example of such remote sensing and empirical modeling is the Wang-Sheeley-Arge model. This model predicts the temporal profiles of solar. wind speed, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) magnitude, and IMF polarity at 1 AU. Unfortunately, geomagnetic activity indexes, and their prediction filters, also depend on the GSM Bz component of the IMF which so far is unpredictable. Fortunately, the solar wind often has large-scale structures that can be detected remotely. These structures organize the properties of the solar wind including IMF Bz, and hence affect the probability of geomagnetic activity at different times relative to the structure. Thus, it is possible to utilize the predictable properties of the solar wind to parameterize the probability distribution for a magnetic index and to accurately specify the probability of high geomagnetic activity given the correct identification of a solar wind structure. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Phillips Lab, Hanscom AFB, Boston, MA 01731 USA. RP Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1425 EP 1438 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.833387 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863EV UT WOS:000224544600004 ER PT J AU Pakhomov, AG Phinney, A Ashmore, J Walker, K Kolb, JF Kono, S Schoenbach, KH Murphy, MR AF Pakhomov, AG Phinney, A Ashmore, J Walker, K Kolb, JF Kono, S Schoenbach, KH Murphy, MR TI Characterization of the cytotoxic effect of high-intensity, 10-ns duration electrical pulses SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Nonthermal Medical/Biological Treatments Using Electromagnetic Fields and Ionized Gases CY JUN 11-13, 2003 CL San Antonio, TX DE apoptosis; cytotoxicity; nanosecond electrical pulses ID APOPTOSIS; CELLS; NECROSIS; TECHNOLOGY; ACTIVATION; CLEAVAGE; TISSUES AB Cytotoxic effects of 10-ns electrical pulses (EP, 50-380 kV/cm) were analyzed in cultured U937 cells (human lymphoma). Densities of live and dead cells were compared in over 500 samples at intervals from 0.5 to 48 h post exposure. EP trains of 1-20 pulses caused a minor, if any, decrease in cell survival: 24 h post exposure, the density of live cells typically dropped just 10-20% compared with unexposed parallel control. Within studied limits, this effect did not significantly depend on the EP number, voltage, or repetition rate. However, much longer EP trains could cause a sharp survival decline. The transition from plateau to profound cell killing occurred at about 150 pulses at 150 kV/cm, and at over 1000 pulses at 50 kV/cm. Artifact-free thermometry. using a fiber optic microprobe established unequivocally that cell killing by extra-long EP trains was not a result of sample heating and has to be explained by other mechanisms. Testing for specific apoptotic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase at scattered time intervals (1-24 h) after EP exposure produced mostly negative results. Overall, 10-ns EP caused far weaker cytotoxic effect than it was reported earlier from experiments in other cell lines and mostly with longer pulses (60 and 300 ns). The survival curve shape (i.e., the shoulder followed by exponential decline) is also characteristic for other cytotoxic factors, such as low-LET ionizing radiation, thereby possibly pointing to common mechanisms or targets. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, McKesson BioServ Corp, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, McKesson BioServ Corp, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM pakhomov@swbell.net; jkolb@odu.edu; kohno@ariake-nct.ac.jp; kschoenb@odu.edu; michael.murphy@brooks.af.mil RI Kolb, Juergen/A-5515-2016 OI Kolb, Juergen/0000-0002-0434-5001 NR 31 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1579 EP 1586 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.831773 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863EW UT WOS:000224544700009 ER PT J AU Rogers, WR Merritt, JH Comeaux, JA Kuhnel, CT Moreland, DF Teltschik, DG Lucas, JH Murphy, MR AF Rogers, WR Merritt, JH Comeaux, JA Kuhnel, CT Moreland, DF Teltschik, DG Lucas, JH Murphy, MR TI Strength-duration curve for an electrically excitable tissue extended down to near 1 nanosecond SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Nonthermal Medical/Biological Treatments Using Electromagnetic Fields and Ionized Gases CY JUN 11-13, 2003 CL San Antonio, TX DE electrostimulation; nanosecond; pulse; ultrawideband ID BAND ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEART-RATE; RATS; RADIATION; EXPOSURE; FIELDS AB As part of a health and safety assessment of ultrawideband sources, it was useful to determine stimulation thresholds for an electrically excitable tissue down into the low nanosecond range. Stimulation thresholds were measured using gastrocnemius muscles isolated from 16 frogs (Rana sp.). Single pulses were delivered with a pair of surface electrodes, and muscle twitch was measured with an isotonic transducer. Pulse durations of 100, 10, and 1 ms; 100, 10 and 1 mus; and 100 and approximate to 1 ns were used. Tissue voltage and current strength-duration (S-D) curves on log-log plots had a classic appearance, with thresholds for ultrashort pulses being linear. For a pulse of ns, the mean threshold voltage in the muscle was 4.5 kV and the mean threshold peak current was 35 A. When delivered by direct contact, a single ultrawideband pulse of approximate to 1 ns could reliably produce a biological effect, stimulation of an electrically excitable tissue. The observation that the S-D curves extended downward to approximate to 1 ns in a linear manner suggested at classical ion channel mechanisms regulated excitation and that other processes, such as electroporation, did not occur. Although a single nanosecond pulse delivered by direct contact can elicit a biological response, such a stimulus in air is unlikely to produce an effect. C1 USAF, Gen Dynam, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP USAF, Gen Dynam, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM walter.rogers@brooks.af.mil; james.merritt@brooks.af.mil; james.comeaux@brooks.af.mil; charles.kuhnel@brooks.af.mil; daniel.moreland@brooks.af.mil; david.teltschik@brooks.af.mil; jlucas@swri.org; michael.murphy@brooks.af.mil NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1587 EP 1599 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.831758 PN 2 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863EW UT WOS:000224544700010 ER PT J AU Seaman, RL Jauchem, JR AF Seaman, RL Jauchem, JR TI Rat electrocardiogram during acute exposure to synchronized bursts of ultra-wideband pulses SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Nonthermal Medical/Biological Treatments Using Electromagnetic Fields and Ionized Gases CY JUN 11-13, 2003 CL San Antonio, TX DE electrocardiogram; giga transverse electromagnetic cell; ketamine; peak-to-peak amplitude; respiratory rate; R-R interval; R-wave; Sprague-Dawley; T-wave; UWB pulses ID LETHAL HEAT-STRESS; ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; VARIABILITY; MICROWAVES; ABSORPTION; SYSTEM; MODELS AB Rats under ketamine anesthesia were exposed to bursts of ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic pulses at two different times during the electrocardiogram (ECG) to investigate possible changes in the ECG immediately after start of exposure. Animals were exposed to UWB pulses in a giga transverse electromagnetic cell (GTEM) with the body axis parallel to the direction of UWB propagation (k-polarization) or the magnetic field vector (H-polarization) in separate experiments. In both experiments, UWB pulses at animal thorax had 106 kV/m peak amplitude, 0.78-0.79 ns duration, and 170-186 ps rise time (mean values) and were applied in 25-ms bursts at 1-kHz repetition frequency. The bursts were synchronized to the artifact-free ECG and occurred either during the R-wave or the T-wave of the ECG. Time intervals measured and analyzed in the ECG were PR, the time between start of R-wave and start of R-wave; RT, the time between start of R-wave and apex of the T-wave; and QT, the time between start of R-wave and end of T-wave. The time between successive R-waves, RR,was also determined. No change attributable to UWB exposure was seen in any of these intervals within 5 cardiac cycles of the start of exposure. We conclude that UWB pulses applied during the R-wave or the T-wave do not acutely change timing of events in the cardiac cycle of the anesthetized rat. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Radiofrequency Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Seaman, RL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM ronald.seaman@brooks.af.mil; james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1644 EP 1652 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.830959 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863EW UT WOS:000224544700017 ER PT J AU Joshi, RP Chen, F Rogers, WR AF Joshi, RP Chen, F Rogers, WR TI Modeling electrode-based, stimulation of muscle and nerve by ultrashort electric pulses SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Nonthermal Medical/Biological Treatments Using Electromagnetic Fields and Ionized Gases CY JUN 11-13, 2003 CL San Antonio, TX DE distributed model; electrostimulation; nanosecond; pulse; tissue ID INTENSITY-TIME RELATIONS; MYELINATED NERVE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CURRENTS; EXCITATION; SIMULATION; FIBERS; AXON AB Numerical simulations of electrostimulation of frog gastrocnemius muscles have been carried out for pulse durations in the nanosecond regime. There are a number of potential advantages in using ultrashort pulses for electrical stimulation, and no previous electrostimulation work in the submicrosecond regime has been reported. A time-dependent, three-dimensional analysis model was developed and implemented for two cases: 1) direct stimulation via electrode contact and 2) indirect excitation through a saline-filled bath. The simulations yielded strength-duration (S-D) curves with pulse durations as short as 5 us. Good agreement between the model, predictions and experimental measurements was obtained. For example, with direct contact, a peak current of about 30 A was predicted for the shortest pulse; the measured value was 34 A. Calculations of the S-D curves for both direct and indirect stimulation yielded a good match with the available experimental data. A time constant of 160 mus was estimated; this value is indicative of a nerve-based response. The modeling also led to a demonstration of the nonthermal nature of electrostimulation with nanosecond pulses, even with an applied voltage of 5 kV. Finally, it was shown quantitatively that inhomogeneities in the nerve geometry and size can affect the S-D curve. For contact stimulation, the greatest potential for muscle twitching occurs at boundaries and within regions that have internal nonuniformity. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. USAF, Gen Dynam, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, HEDR, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM rjoshi@odu.edu; walter.rogers@brooks.af.mil NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1687 EP 1695 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.831752 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863EW UT WOS:000224544700022 ER PT J AU Buryachenko, VA Schoeppner, GA AF Buryachenko, VA Schoeppner, GA TI Effective elastic and failure properties of fiber aligned composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE microstructure; inhomogeneous material; elastic material ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; STRESS-FIELD; MICROSTRUCTURES; MATRIX; MODULI; FLUCTUATIONS; MODEL AB A digital image processing technique is used for measurement of centroid coordinates of fibers with forthcoming estimation of statistical parameters and functions describing the stochastic structure of laminated fiber composites. Comparative statistical analysis of the experimentally measured and numerically simulated fiber distributions are performed. We consider a linearly elastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a statistically homogeneous set of ellipsoidal inclusions. The multiparticle effective field method (MEFM) [Appl. Mech. Rev. 54 (2001) 1] based on the theory of functions of random variables and Green's functions is used to demonstrate the dependence of effective elastic moduli of fiber reinforced composites on the fiber radial distribution functions as estimated from measured experimental data as well as from the ensembles generated by the proposed method. The MEFM is applied for the estimations of second statistical moments of stresses in both the constituents and the interfaces between the matrix and fibers. These estimations are used in turn for the prediction of the effective envelope for failure initiation. The dependence of the effective failure envelope on the elastic, geometrical, and failure parameters of the constituents and the interphase matrix/fibers are analyzed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Buryachenko, VA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM buryach@aol.com NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 41 IS 16-17 BP 4827 EP 4844 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.02.019 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 839XT UT WOS:000222819000031 ER PT J AU Nugent, JS More, DR Hagan, LL Demain, JG Whisman, BA Freeman, TM AF Nugent, JS More, DR Hagan, LL Demain, JG Whisman, BA Freeman, TM TI Cross-reactivity between allergens in the venom of the common striped scorpion and the imported fire ant SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE centruroides vittatus; scorpion; venom; cross-reactivity imported fire ant ID HYMENOPTERA VENOM AB Background: The common striped scorpion, Centruroides vittatus, and the imported fire ant (IFA) are endemic to the south-central United States. There is evidence of venom-specific IgE in patients experiencing hypersensitivity reactions to scorpion stings. The infrequency of repeated scorpion stings and the presence of immediate reactions to an initial sting suggest prior sensitization. Objective: In the present study we evaluated the cross-reactivity of C vittatus venom with IFA whole-body extract (WBE). Methods: Sera were obtained from patients with symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity to C vittatus stings and from scorpion sting-naive patients allergic to IFA venom. Inhibition IgE immunoblots were performed by using scorpion venom and IFA WBE. Skin testing with scorpion venom was performed on scorpion sting-naive patients allergic to IFA venom. Results: Sera from patients with scorpion venom allergy demonstrated IgE binding to multiple allergens of similar sizes against both scorpion venom and IFA WBE. This binding was completely inhibited by preincubation of the sera with scorpion venom and IFA WBE. Pooled sera from patients with IFA venom allergy demonstrated similar bands on IgE immunoblotting against both IFA WBE and scorpion venom, with the latter being completely inhibited by preincubation of the sera with IFA WBE. Skin testing with scorpion venom was positive in 6 of 9 patients with IFA venom allergy. Conclusion: Significant cross-reactivity exists between the venom of C vittatus and IFA WBE. The high sensitization rate to IFA venom in endemic areas may therefore be a risk factor for subsequent immediate reactions to an initial scorpion sting. Patients with immediate hypersensitivity reactions to scorpion stings may potentially benefit from immunotherapy with IFA WBE. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Allergy Asthma & Immunol Ctr Alaska, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Nugent, JS (reprint author), SGPFA, AMDS 96,307 Boatner Rd,Suite 114, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 114 IS 2 BP 383 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.04.016 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 847OU UT WOS:000223405600027 PM 15316520 ER PT J AU Cheruku, KK Krasuski, RA Kwan, M Stajduhar, K Smith, PB Galbreath, AD Freeman, GL AF Cheruku, KK Krasuski, RA Kwan, M Stajduhar, K Smith, PB Galbreath, AD Freeman, GL TI Adverse impact of diastolic heart failure on exercise tolerance SO JOURNAL OF CARDIAC FAILURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Heart-Failure-Society-of-American CY SEP 12-15, 2004 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Heart Failure Soc Amer C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1071-9164 J9 J CARD FAIL JI J. Card. Fail. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 SU S MA 350 BP S112 EP S112 DI 10.1016/j.cardfail.2004.06.349 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 853VV UT WOS:000223857900348 ER PT J AU Krasuski, RA Carey, S Hogan, B Eckart, RE Beck, R Van De Graaff, E AF Krasuski, RA Carey, S Hogan, B Eckart, RE Beck, R Van De Graaff, E TI A multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation program dramatically improves long-term morbidity and mortality following congestive heart failure admission SO JOURNAL OF CARDIAC FAILURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Heart-Failure-Society-of-American CY SEP 12-15, 2004 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Heart Failure Soc Amer C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1071-9164 J9 J CARD FAIL JI J. Card. Fail. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 SU S MA 356 BP S113 EP S113 DI 10.1016/j.cardfail.2004.06.355 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 853VV UT WOS:000223857900354 ER PT J AU Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Constable, SH AF Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Constable, SH TI Thermoregulation by rhesus monkeys at different absolute humidities SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermal balance; metabolic rate; temperature ID THERMAL BALANCE; HEAT EXCHANGES; MEN; TEMPERATURE; SKIN; ENVIRONMENTS; RESPONSES; STRAIN; WOMEN; SWEAT AB The effect of relative humidity on thermoregulation has been well examined. Because the same relative humidity represents very different absolute humidities at different ambient temperatures, the present study was designed to examine the interaction of temperature and absolute humidity on the thermal balance of rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta. Thermal balance was examined in six unacclimated, unanesthetized, female rhesus monkeys at ambient temperatures of 25, 30, 35, and 40degreesC and absolute humidities of 6, 22, and 40 torr. Monkeys were capable of achieving thermal balance under all conditions except at 40degreesC with 40 torr absolute humidity, where experiments were stopped after rectal temperature exceeded 40.5degreesC. At 40degreesC, monkeys increased evaporative heat loss through both respiration and sweating; the slope of the relationship between evaporative heat loss and core temperature was attenuated by increases in absolute humidity. In contrast, absolute humidity had no direct effect on metabolic rate. The rise in body temperature under the conditions of high heat/high humidity was therefore most attributable to humidity-dependent decreases in evaporative heat loss. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Lab Div, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Walters, TJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lab Div, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM thomas.walters@amedd.army.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 174 IS 6 BP 481 EP 487 DI 10.1007/s00360-004-0434-4 PG 7 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 845TN UT WOS:000223267300005 PM 15309480 ER PT J AU Gibson, WA Langsten, RE AF Gibson, WA Langsten, RE TI Generalized vaccinia in a deployed military member SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE smallpox; smallpox vaccine; vaccinia; generalized vaccinia ID SMALLPOX-VACCINATION AB This case report demonstrates the clinical progression of a case of lesions consistent with generalized vaccinia after primary vaccination in an otherwise healthy adult. The photographs document the appearance and natural course. The progression of the lesions is discussed, documenting the natural progression of the disease. This case report includes photographs of the oral lesions consistent with generalized vaccinia. Oral generalized vaccinia lesions are not well documented in the current medical literature. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Operat Dent Educ, SAUSHEC Emergency Med Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Gibson, WA (reprint author), 18105 Beargrass Ct, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 2 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2004.03.005 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 838NB UT WOS:000222719000005 PM 15261353 ER PT J AU Visbal, MR Gordnier, RE AF Visbal, MR Gordnier, RE TI Numerical simulation of the interaction of a transitional boundary layer with a 2-D flexible panel in the subsonic regime SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE panel flutter; Tollmien-Schlichting waves; von Karman plate model; travelling wave flutter ID STABILITY; EQUATIONS; FLUTTER; SCHEMES; FLOWS AB The self-sustained oscillations arising in subsonic transitional flow over a flexible finite panel are investigated numerically. The flowfields are obtained by solving the full compressible Navier-Stokes equations employing a recently developed sixth-order implicit code which is capable of retaining its superior accuracy on deforming meshes. The panel mechanics is described by means of the nonlinear von Karman plate equations which are solved with a previously validated structural module. An iterative implicit coupling of the fluid and structural solvers is provided in order to eliminate lagging errors at the fluid/solid interface. Computations are performed for two freestream Mach numbers (M-infinity = 0.2,0.8), and for a range of Reynolds number and dynamic pressure. At both flow speeds, self-excited oscillations develop in the absence of an applied external forcing. At M-infinity = 0.2, the origin of the instability appears to be of an aeroelastic nature (i.e., flutter) and is found to persist even at very low Reynolds numbers. The fluctuating surface also generates boundary-layer instability modes downstream of the panel trailing edge. At the higher Mach number, static divergence occurs followed by the onset of travelling wave flutter (TWF), with frequency and wavelength compatible with those of Tollmien Schlichting (T-S) waves. The observed limit-cycle oscillations appear to originate from the coupling of T-S waves with the higher-mode flexural waves on the elastic panel, and therefore subside below a critical value of Reynolds number. The TWF also generates significant acoustic radiation above the fluttering panel. The previous instabilities are observed for panels with either pinned or fully clamped edge conditions. Sensitivity of the solutions to the prescribed cavity pressure underneath the panel is noted. This dependence arises due to the different response of the boundary layer to the favorable or adverse pressure gradient induced by the upward or downward panel deflections, respectively. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 AFRL, VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Visbal, MR (reprint author), AFRL, VAAC, Bldg 146,Rm 225,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM miguel.visbal@wpafb.af.mil; raymond.gordnier@wpafb.af.mil NR 37 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 881 EP 903 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2004.05.001 PG 23 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 856VE UT WOS:000224072500002 ER PT J AU Baughn, JW Ochoa, AD Smith, JS Byerley, AR AF Baughn, JW Ochoa, AD Smith, JS Byerley, AR TI Surface flow visualization using encapsulated thermal tufts for steady flow and a dynamic heat transfer measurement technique for unsteady flows SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Baughn, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 BP 502 EP 502 DI 10.1115/1.1811721 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 855QP UT WOS:000223989100009 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Gorschboth, MF Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, JR AF Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Gorschboth, MF Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, JR TI A procedure for the estimation of intrabeam hazard distances and optical density requirements under the ANSI Z136.1-2000 standard SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; ANSI laser standard; maximum permissible exposure (MPE) to lasers; laser hazard evaluation; nominal ocular hazard distance; optical density; visual interference ID ULTRASHORT LASER-PULSES; PRIMATE EYE; EXPOSURE; LESIONS; LIMITS AB Over the past few years, a comprehensive rewrite of the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z136.1) has been conducted [American National Standards Institute, Z136.1-2000 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (American National Standards Institute, New York, 2000)]. Important parts of many laser safety evaluations are the determination of the maximum distance at which the laser presents a hazard and the computation of optical density requirements for eye protection. In the ANSI Z136.1-2000 Standard, two approaches for the computation of hazard distance are presented. We specifically address the derivation of these two methodologies including the effects of atmospheric attenuation and optically aided viewing. In addition, these methodologies may be applied to the computation of visual interference distance as described in the ANSI Z136.6-2000 Standard [American National Standards Institute, Z136.6-2000 American National Standard for Use of Lasers Outdoors (American National Standards Institute, New York, 2000)]. This publication represents the third in a series of tutorial articles designed to clarify laser hazard analysis procedures under these ANSI Standards (C) 2004 Laser Institute of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USACHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Rockwell Laser Ind, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM robert.thomas@brooks.af.mil NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.2351/1.1771301 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 848OB UT WOS:000223475900007 ER PT J AU Sun, HL Mark, JE Venkatasubramanian, N Houtz, MD Tan, SC Arnold, FE Lee, CYC AF Sun, HL Mark, JE Venkatasubramanian, N Houtz, MD Tan, SC Arnold, FE Lee, CYC TI Novel ternary molecular composites prepared by a sol-gel process and their conversion into microcellular foams SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE molecular composites; sol-gel chemistry; microcellular foams; hybrid networks; polysulfone; polybenzimidazole; polymer modification ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBOXYLATED POLYSULFONE; RIGID-ROD; FLEXIBLE MOLECULES; POLYMER; BLENDS; MISCIBILITY; REINFORCEMENT; CONDENSATION; SYSTEM AB A carboxylated polysulfone (C-PSF) was reacted with 3-(glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPS) in a sot-gel reaction to form hybrid networks. Specifically, GPS was grafted to the C-PSF chains at their epoxy ends by ring-opening reactions and then the methoxy silane groups at their other ends were crosslinked through the usual hydrolysis and condensation reactions. These C-PSF/GPS cross-linked binary networks are of interest in their own right, but this type of network was also used in the incorporation of polybenzimidazole (PBI) rigid-rod polymer to form a C-PSF/PBI/ GPS ternary composite. In this case, the network structures obtained by carrying out the same reaction in the presence of PBI chains successfully suppressed their undesirable segregation within the composite. The transparencies of the preparative solutions and the dried films indicated that the dispersion of PBI was maintained in these environments, presumably at the nano- or molecular level. The ternary composites were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Some of these composites were converted to closed-cell microcellular foams, which were then characterized in a preliminary way with regard to their morphologies. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Polymer Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Wright Mat Res Co, Beavercreek, OH USA. USAF, RL, MLBP, Polymer Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. USAF, OSR, NL, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Arlington, VA USA. RP Mark, JE (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM markje@email.uc.edu NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL A41 IS 9 BP 981 EP 1000 DI 10.1081/MA-200026123 PG 20 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 858AM UT WOS:000224162500001 ER PT J AU Krzanowski, JE Endrino, JL Nainaparampil, J Zabinski, JS AF Krzanowski, JE Endrino, JL Nainaparampil, J Zabinski, JS TI Composite coatings incorporating solid lubricant phases SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Surface Engineering Congress CY SEP 15-17, 2003 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASM Int DE carbides; friction; hard coatings; solid lubricants; tribology ID AG; DEPOSITION AB The concept of incorporating a solid lubricant, silver (Ag), within a hard carbide film for vacuum tribology applications is investigated in this paper. SiC/Ag and HfC/Ag films were deposited by magnetron cosputtering at 200 degreesC onto Si and 440C steel substrates. The composition, phase structure, and morphology in these films was examined using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The microstructural analysis showed that Ag was incorporated both within and on the surface of the films. There was a strong tendency for Ag to segregate to the film surface. Vacuum tribology tests were conducted using a ball-on-disk test in a vacuum of 1.33 muPa with a 1 N load for 10 000 cycles. For both the SiC/Ag and HfC/Ag films, the average friction coefficients were reduced when sufficient Ag was present. These tests show that carbide-Ag composite films hold promise for vacuum tribology applications. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krzanowski, JE (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jamesk@cisunix.unh.edu RI Endrino, Jose/G-1103-2011; OI Endrino, Jose/0000-0002-3084-7910 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1361/10599490419928 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 846YE UT WOS:000223354700009 ER PT J AU Coutu, RA Kladitis, PE Leedy, KD Crane, RL AF Coutu, RA Kladitis, PE Leedy, KD Crane, RL TI Selecting metal alloy electric contact materials for MEMS switches SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a method for selecting metal alloys as the electric contact materials for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) metal contact switches. This procedure consists of reviewing macro-switch lessons learned, utilizing equilibrium binary alloy phase diagrams, obtaining thin film material properties and, based on a suitable model, predicting contact resistance performance. After determining a candidate alloy material, MEMS switches were designed, fabricated and tested to validate the alloy selection methodology. Minimum average contact resistance values of 1.17 and 1.87 Omega were measured for micro-switches with gold (Au) and gold-platinum (Au-(6.3%)Pt) alloy electric contacts, respectively. In addition, 'hot-switched' life cycle test results of 1.02 x 10(8) and 2.70 x 10(8) cycles were collected for micro-switches with Au and Au-(6.3%)Pt contacts, respectively. These results indicate increased wear with a small increase in contact resistance for MEMS switches with metal alloy electric contacts. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL,SND, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Coutu, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENG, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM ronald.coutu@afit.edu RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 NR 17 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1157 EP 1164 AR PII S0960-1317(04)75350-4 DI 10.1088/0960/141/8/006 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 853RJ UT WOS:000223844900006 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Smith, B Corbeil, TE Riddle, JR Ryan, MAK AF Smith, TC Smith, B Corbeil, TE Riddle, JR Ryan, MAK CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Self-reported mental health among US military personnel prior and subsequent to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; PRIME-MD; VALIDITY; STRESS; SEVERITY; UTILITY; SYMPTOMS; PHQ-9 AB There is much concern over the potential for short- and long-term adverse mental health effects caused by the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. This analysis used data from the Millennium Cohort Study to identify subgroups of US military members who enrolled in the cohort and reported their mental health status before the traumatic events of September 11 and soon after September 11. While adjusting for confounding, multivariable logistic regression, analysis of variance, and multivariate ordinal, or polychotomous logistic regression were used to compare 18 self-reported mental health measures in US military members who enrolled in the cohort before September 11, 2001 with those military personnel who enrolled after September 11, 2001. In contrast to studies of other populations, military respondents reported fewer mental health problems in the months immediately after September 11, 2001. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Smith@nhrc.navy.mil NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 46 IS 8 BP 775 EP 782 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000135545.51183.ad PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 845WU UT WOS:000223276800005 PM 15300128 ER PT J AU Lin, AL Johnson, DA Stephan, KT Yeh, CK AF Lin, AL Johnson, DA Stephan, KT Yeh, CK TI Salivary secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor increases in HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HAART; HIV; saliva; SLP1 ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR; ANTILEUKOPROTEASE; TRANSMISSION; LOCALIZATION; DEFENSE; TYPE-1; AIDS; LEUKOPROTEASE AB BACKGROUND: Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is an antimicrobial protein found in saliva and having anti-HIV activity. The concentrations of SLPI in parotid and submandibular/sublingual (SMSL) saliva were determined in an HIV(+) population and compared with uninfected controls. The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the concentrations in saliva was determined. METHODS: Stimulated parotid and SMSL saliva was collected from 65 HIV(+) patients and 19 healthy controls. Flow rates, total protein and SLPI concentrations were determined as well as the effect of HAART on these measurements. RESULTS: Mean flow rates were reduced for parotid (64%) and SMSL (44%) saliva of HIV(+) patients. Flow rate reductions were unaffected by HAART. Total protein concentration in HIV(+) parotid saliva was increased 56%; patients on HAART had higher concentrations than control. For both groups, SLPI concentrations of SMSL saliva were twice that of parotid saliva. For HIV(+) patients SLPI concentrations of both saliva types were 70% greater than control; the increase in parotid saliva was greater for those taking HAART. For each saliva type, the secretory rate and specific SLPI protein concentration were not different between the groups. Patients with low CD4(+) counts had greater SLPI concentrations in parotid saliva than control. There was a negative correlation between CD4(+) counts and the SLPI concentration of parotid saliva. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary flow rate is decreased and the concentration of SLPI is increased in the presence of HIV infection. SLPI concentration in parotid and SMSL saliva is greater with HAART. C1 S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie L Murphy Div, Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr 182, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Dent Diagnost Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Community Dent, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, HIV Unit, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Yeh, CK (reprint author), S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie L Murphy Div, Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr 182, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM yeh@uthscsa.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-01346]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE12188] NR 43 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0904-2512 J9 J ORAL PATHOL MED JI J. Oral Pathol. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 7 BP 410 EP 416 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00218.x PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pathology SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Pathology GA 837ET UT WOS:000222611900006 PM 15250833 ER PT J AU Parker, A Anderson, C Weiss, KL Grimley, M Sorrells, D AF Parker, A Anderson, C Weiss, KL Grimley, M Sorrells, D TI Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E staining as a clinical marker in pediatric neuroblastoma SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cIF4E; neuroblastoma; tumor markers; biological ID RNA 5' CAP; MESSENGER-RNA; ELEVATED LEVELS; NECK-CANCER; EIF4E; PROTEIN; GROWTH; OVEREXPRESSION; TRANSFORMATION; FIBROBLASTS AB Objectives: Neuroblastoma (NBL) has several well-established prognostic factors. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (4E) has shown promise as a prognostic marker in other cancers. We hypothesize that a correlation exists between 4E staining and NBL clinical outcome. Methods: Eleven adrenal NBL patient charts were reviewed for data, including age, stage, MYCN amplification, Shimada classification, and mortality. These patients' surgical specimens were stained with 4E antibody and scored for staining density. 4E expression, quantified by staining density, was compared to clinical data. Conclusion: 4E staining significantly correlates with age at diagnosis. The remaining prognostic factors lack statistically significant correlation. Increasing sample size may further establish statistically significant correlations. 4E could become an additional prognostic factor of NBL. C1 San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Parker, A (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1,59 MDOS,MMNP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM amy.parker@lackland.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-4114 J9 J PEDIAT HEMATOL ONC JI J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 26 IS 8 BP 484 EP 487 DI 10.1097/01.mph.0000133292.19066.b1 PG 4 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 845AU UT WOS:000223208800004 PM 15284584 ER PT J AU Robinson, RD Ginsburg, ES AF Robinson, RD Ginsburg, ES TI Persistent tubal pregnancy presenting with delayed hemorrhage from a second implantation of trophoblast on the ovary - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; tubal; trophoblast; ovary ID ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; SALPINGOSTOMY AB BACKGROUND: The use of conservative surgical techniques to treat ectopic pregnancies has been reported to increase the rate of incomplete trophoblastic tissue removal and subsequent regrowth. CASE: A persistent ectopic pregnancy occurred in a woman previously treated with laparoscopic linear salpingostomy for an ampullary ectopic pregnancy. Repeat laparoscopy was performed, and bleeding from an ovarian implantation site was treated with resection of the trophoblastic site and electrocautery. A repeat linear salpingostomy was also performed at the site of the prior salpingostomy, where trophoblastic tissue also persisted. CONCLUSION: This is the first known case of hemorrhage from the probable secondary ovarian implantation of persistent trophoblastic tissue. A repeat conservative surgical procedure to treat persistent ectopic pregnancies and maintain potential fertility is advocated. This case also serves as a reminder to diligently examine all areas of the pelvis for the possible secondary implantation of persistent trophoblastic tissue should reoperation be necessary. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Brooke Army Med Ctr,San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hl, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Robinson, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Brooke Army Med Ctr,San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hl, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1,MMNO, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM randal.robinson@lackland.af.mil NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 8 BP 693 EP 695 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 849UD UT WOS:000223565500016 PM 15457862 ER PT J AU Wit, J Crane, CD Armstrong, D AF Wit, J Crane, CD Armstrong, D TI Autonomous ground vehicle path tracking SO JOURNAL OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID NAVIGATION AB Autonomous ground vehicle navigation requires the integration of many technologies such as path planning, position and orientation sensing, vehicle control, and obstacle avoidance. The work presented here focuses on the control of a nonholonomic ground vehicle as it tracks a given path. A new path tracking technique called "vector pursuit" is presented. This new technique is based on the theory of screws, which was developed by Sir Robert Ball in 1900. It generates a desired vehicle turning radius based on the vehicle's current position and orientation relative to the position of a point ahead on the planned path and the desired orientation along the path at that point. The vector pursuit algorithm is compared to other geometrical approaches, and it is shown to be more robust, resulting in more accurate path tracking. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Intelligent Machines & Robot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Wintec Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Intelligent Machines & Robot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ccrane@ufl.edu NR 15 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0741-2223 J9 J ROBOTIC SYST JI J. Robot. Syst. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 21 IS 8 BP 439 EP 449 DI 10.1002/rob.20031 PG 11 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 840CM UT WOS:000222834600005 ER PT J AU Wright, JK Kalns, J Wolf, EA Traweek, F Schwarz, S Loeffler, CK Snyder, W Yantis, LD Eggers, J AF Wright, JK Kalns, J Wolf, EA Traweek, F Schwarz, S Loeffler, CK Snyder, W Yantis, LD Eggers, J TI Thermal injury resulting from application of a granular mineral hemostatic agent SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE hemostatic agent; QuickClot; trauma; wound; blood loss ID MICROFIBRILLAR COLLAGEN; SURGERY; THROMBIN; SPONGE AB Background: Uncontrolled hemorrhage accounts for the majority of deaths in combat. Effective topical hemostatic agents suitable for use on the battlefield may be valuable in controlling hemorrhage until definitive surgical intervention is possible. In an effort to identify a hemostatic agent suitable for battlefield use, we evaluated several potential hemostatic agents in a swine injury model and noted thermal injury to tissues with a granular mineral hemostatic agent (QuikClot(TM)). Methods: Anesthetized swine were maintained with a mean arterial pressure in excess of 60 min Hg. Cutaneous, muscular, hepatic, splenic, venous, and arterial wounds were created in a standardized fashion. Topical hemostatic agents were immediately applied to the wounds and the amount of bleeding and time to hemostasis were noted. Results: The results reported here are part of a larger study in which a variety of hemostatic agents were evaluated. Only the findings related to the granular mineral hemostatic agent are discussed here. Application of the agent resulted in elevated tissue surface temperatures in excess of 95degreesC and internal tissue temperatures exceeding 50degreesC, 3 mm. deep to the bleeding surface. Necrosis of fat and muscle were noted as well as full and partial thickness cutaneous burns. Conclusions: Topical administration of a granular mineral hemostatic agent to a variety of wounds in an experimental swine model resulted in thermal tissue injury and necrosis. Suggestions for reducing the extent of injury with this product are offered. C1 USAF, Hlth Sci Wing 311, Mat Command, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Wright, JK (reprint author), USAF, MC, SFS, Special Tact Grp 720,AFSOC, 233 Cody Ave, Hurlburt Field, FL 32544 USA. EM James.Wright@hurlburt.af.mil NR 16 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD AUG PY 2004 VL 57 IS 2 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000105916.30158.06 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 859YG UT WOS:000224303700004 PM 15345965 ER PT J AU Cyr, SJ Hensley, D Benedetti, GE AF Cyr, SJ Hensley, D Benedetti, GE TI Treatment of field water with sodium hypochlorite for surgical irrigation SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Military-Orthopaedic-Surgeons CY DEC, 2002 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Military Orthopaed Surg DE sodium hypochlorite; open fractures; surgical irrigation ID MODIFIED DAKINS SOLUTION; HOUSEHOLD BLEACHES; WAR WOUNDS; INFECTION; DECONTAMINATION; EXPERIENCE; FACILITIES; MANAGEMENT; FRACTURES; TOXICITY AB Background: Early irrigation and surgical debridement of high-energy wounds and open fractures effectively prevents infection. Rapid wound care has been maximized by the United States military's "forward surgical teams." However, the volume of sterile irrigant required to treat multiple patients with multiple wounds presents a significant logistical burden. Using ground-derived field water could eliminate this burden. Methods: We collected 100 water samples from five sources. An initial bacterial count (CFU/mL) was determined before treatment. 5% sodium hypochlorite was then added to each sample to derive a concentration of 0.025%. After treatment, a final bacterial colony count was performed. Results: We found no bacterial growth in 99/100 samples. One post-treatment sample grew a single colony of a Bacillus species not present in the pretreatment culture and was determined to be an air contaminant. Conclusions: Our field-expedient modification of Dakin's solution could substitute for sterile irrigation fluid when it is neither available nor logistically feasible. C1 74th Med Grp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. 59th Med Wing, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Clin Invest Div, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Benedetti, GE (reprint author), 74th Med Grp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD AUG PY 2004 VL 57 IS 2 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000091111.17360.1E PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 859YG UT WOS:000224303700005 PM 15345966 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL AF McGlasson, DL TI Necessity for proper calibration of reagents and instruments in coagulation testing SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT News Item C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP McGlasson, DL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 8 BP 461 EP 461 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 841BP UT WOS:000222904600003 ER PT J AU Hall, AT Blass, FR Ferris, GR Massengale, R AF Hall, AT Blass, FR Ferris, GR Massengale, R TI Leader reputation and accountability in organizations: Implications for dysfunctional leader behavior SO LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY LA English DT Review DE leadership; human capital; social capital; trust and accountability; reputation ID CAREER SUCCESS; INFLUENCE TACTICS; PERFORMANCE; PERSONALITY; WORK; MANAGEMENT; INTELLIGENCE; SPONSORSHIP; PERSPECTIVE; STRATEGIES AB We argue that leader accountability is more of an informal, sociopolitical process, than it is a formal one, and a central component of this informal accountability is leader reputation. We propose that leaders' reputations (which includes human and social capital, political skill and style, etc.) influence how much stakeholders trust them. This, in turn, affects the extent to which formal accountability mechanisms are imposed upon leaders. In this paper, we concentrate on the potential for dysfunctional leader behavior. However, how stakeholders interpret actual leader behavior, whether functional or dysfunctional, is moderated by the motives or intentions that those stakeholders attribute to the behavior. The result is a perception of leader performance and effectiveness that redefines or reinforces leader reputation, and also serves to modify or reinforce leader style. Therefore, a sociopolitical perspective of accountability and reputation asserts that the risk of a diminished reputation is a form of accountability that is effective to the extent that attributions of leader intentions are accurate. Implications for this conceptualization are discussed, as are directions for future research. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Florida State Univ, Coll Business, Dept Management, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Seattle Univ, Albers Sch Business & Econ, Dept Management, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hall, AT (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coll Business, Dept Management, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM ath6462@cob.fsu.edu NR 121 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 14 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1048-9843 J9 LEADERSHIP QUART JI Leadersh. Q. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 515 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.05.005 PG 22 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 847WN UT WOS:000223428800005 ER PT J AU Hanson, EH Niemeyer, DM Folio, L Agan, BK Rowley, RK AF Hanson, EH Niemeyer, DM Folio, L Agan, BK Rowley, RK TI Potential use of microarray technology for rapid identification of central nervous system pathogens SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MENINGITIS AB Outbreaks of central nervous system (CNS) diseases result in significant productivity and financial losses, threatening peace and wartime readiness capabilities. To meet this threat, rapid clinical diagnostic tools for detecting and identifying CNS pathogens are needed. Current tools and techniques cannot efficiently deal with CNS pathogen diversity; they cannot provide real-time identification of pathogen serogroups and strains, and they require days, sometimes weeks, for examination of tissue culture. Rapid and precise CNS pathogen diagnostics are needed to provide the opportunity for tailored therapeutic regimens and focused preventive efforts to decrease morbidity and mortality. Such diagnostics are available through genetic and genomic technologies, which have the potential for reducing the time required in serogroup or strain identification from 500+ hours for some viral cultures to less than 3 hours for all pathogens. In the near future, microarray diagnostics and future derivations of these technologies will change the paradigm used for outbreak investigations and will improve health care for all. C1 Directorate Modernizat Sci & Technol, Off Air Force Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. Joint Program Execut Off Chem & Biol Def, Joint Biol Agent Identificat & Diagnost Syst, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Hanson, EH (reprint author), Directorate Modernizat Sci & Technol, Off Air Force Surg Gen, 5201 Leesburg Pike,Suite 1401, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. OI Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 169 IS 8 BP 594 EP 599 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019IZ UT WOS:000235830100006 PM 15379069 ER PT J AU Foster, GD Phelan, S Wadden, TA Gill, D Ermold, J Didie, E AF Foster, GD Phelan, S Wadden, TA Gill, D Ermold, J Didie, E TI Promoting more modest weight losses: A pilot study SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE expectations; body image; self-esteem; alternative treatment; treatment goals ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; BODY-IMAGE; TREATMENT OUTCOMES; OBESE-PATIENTS; LONG-TERM; THERAPY; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT; WOMEN AB Objective: This pilot study assessed the short- and long-term effects of a modified cognitive behavioral treatment designed to facilitate obese patients' acceptance of a 5% to 10% reduction in initial weight. Research Methods and Procedures: Participants were 17 women with a mean age of 46.5 +/- 9.7 years and BMI of 34.7 +/- 2.9 kg/m(2). They participated in a 40-week program that included four phases. The first discussed the benefits of modest weight losses and the potential adverse effects of unrealistic expectations. Phase II provided instruction in traditional cognitive behavioral methods of weight control Phase III focused on methods to improve body image and self-esteem. Phase IV addressed skills for weight maintenance. Changes in weight, self-esteem, body image, and quality of life were assessed at the end of treatment and 1 year later (week 92). Results: At week 40, participants lost an average of 5.7 +/- 5.3% of initial weight, which was associated with significant improvements in body image, self-esteem, and quality of life. Improvements in psychosocial status were maintained at week 92, although mean weight loss at this time had declined to 2.9 +/- 5.6% of initial weight. Increased satisfaction with body weight at week 40 was associated with significantly better maintenance of weight loss at follow-up (r = -0.70; p = 0.02). Discussion: Having participants seek only modest initial weight losses does not appear to facilitate weight maintenance. However, increasing patients' satisfaction with their body weight at the end of treatment may help improve weight maintenance. More research is needed on the relation between satisfaction with initial weight loss and long-term success. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Miriam Hosp, Brown Med Sch, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. Northwestern Univ Med, Northwestern Sch Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL USA. RP Foster, GD (reprint author), 3535 Market St,Suite 3027, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM fosterg@mail.med.upenn.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH45178] NR 29 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1271 EP 1277 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.161 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 851MF UT WOS:000223688500012 PM 15340110 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL AF Khoury, J Gianino, PD Woods, CL TI Family of heterocorrelation filters SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pattern recognition; signal processing; optical processing; optimal filtering; correlation ID JOINT-TRANSFORM CORRELATOR; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; OBSCURED INPUTS; ENHANCEMENT AB We introduce a new concept in pattern recognition that we call heterocorrelation. Contrary to standard approaches, heterocorrelation allows correlation of different images solely by modifying the filter's intensity transmissivity in the areas of greatest phase mismatch relative to the phase of the stored template. This approach can convert a single object recognition filter to a multiple object classification filter. We develop three algorithms and successfully test each of them for three completely different input cases: one that uses geometric input images with very little common edge information, one that uses these same images encoded with high spatial frequency information, and one that uses synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images that have almost no edge information. The third algorithm provides shift-invariant heterocorrelation with equalized in-class correlation peaks, and eliminates the possibility of any higher-order side peaks for the added in-class objects. We also demonstrate how the use of a heterocorrelation filter can improve the performance of conventional multiplexed filters, such as synthetic discriminant filters, as well as increase their template storage. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01721 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01721 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1712 EP 1722 DI 10.1117/1.1768181 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 850HA UT WOS:000223600600005 ER PT J AU Power, GJ AF Power, GJ TI Shape recognition from multiple joint comparative normalized measures SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE similarity; shape; object recognition; image processing; segmentation; measures; metrics; template matching ID IMAGE SEGMENTATION ALGORITHMS AB Object shape in an image can vary for many reasons. Therefore, a goal of object recognition research is to create algorithms that are able to accurately recognize objects with variability in shape. This paper suggests recognizing shape through an assessment of different measures. There are two primary approaches to measuring shape variations for recognition: measure, compare, and match; and compare, measure, and match. In the first approach, attributes of the object shape are measured and compared with the same measured attributes of the template shape. This paper focuses on the second approach, which first compares the object and template jointly and then creates a normalized measure for matching. This approach is called multiple joint comparative normalized measures (MJCNM). Confidence in the match is shown to be better against certain shape variabilities on using MJCNM than on using just one shape measure. In particular, the MJCNM approach here uses matched-filter, Procrustes, partial-directed Hausdorff, and percent-pixels-same measures. An experimental result is given that demonstrates the implementation and usefulness of that approach. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, AFRL,SNAT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Power, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Target Recognit Branch, AFRL,SNAT, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gregory.Power@wpafb.af.mil RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1731 EP 1736 DI 10.1117/1.1764811 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 850HA UT WOS:000223600600007 ER PT J AU Haji-Saeed, B Pyburn, D Leon, R Sengupta, SK Goodhue, W Testorf, M Kierstead, J Khoury, J Woods, CL AF Haji-Saeed, B Pyburn, D Leon, R Sengupta, SK Goodhue, W Testorf, M Kierstead, J Khoury, J Woods, CL TI Real-time holographic deconvolution for one-way image transmission through distorting media SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE image processing; optical processing; distortion correction; image restoration; adaptive optics; photorefractivity; four-wave mixing ID PHASE-CODING TECHNIQUE AB We propose and demonstrate a photorefractive real-time holographic deconvolution technique for adaptive one-way image transmission through aberrating media. In contrast with preceding methods, which have typically required various coding of the exact phase or two-way image transmission for correcting phase distortion, our technique relies on one-way image transmission using exact phase information. Our technique can simultaneously correct both amplitude and phase distortions. We demonstrate our results through both experiment and computer simulation for different aberrators. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. SNHC, Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Haji-Saeed, B (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1862 EP 1866 DI 10.1117/1.1768182 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 850HA UT WOS:000223600600024 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Levin, I Suh, J Feenstra, R Haugan, T Barnes, P AF Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Levin, I Suh, J Feenstra, R Haugan, T Barnes, P TI Phase equilibria of Ba-R-Cu-O for coated conductor applications (R = lanthanides and Y) SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductive and High Temperature Superconductors CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL DE Ba2RCu3O6+x; phase diagrams; BaF2; process; BaF2; Y; Cu vertical bar vertical bar O; F reciproal system AB Phase diagrams of the Ba2RCu3O6-x(R = Nd, Sm, Gd, Y, and Er) superconductors, prepared under 100 Pa O-2 at 810 degreesC, reflect the trend of the lanthanide contraction. The single-phase regions of Ba2-x(Nd1+x-yR'(y))Cu3O6+z for R' = Gd, Y and Yb, and of Ba2-x(R1+x-yYy)Cu3O6+z for R = Eu and Gd were determined. Using these data, both fluxpinning and melting properties can be tailored and optimized. The presence of a low temperature melt during formation of the Ba2YCu3O6+x phase from barium fluoride amorphous precursor films is deemed important for producing quality tapes, and hence for rapid advancement of second-generation RABiTS/IBAD coated conductor technology. Our search for low melting liquid has focused on compositional vectors within the Ba, Y, Cu\\O, F reciprocal system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Mat Bldg Rm A-207, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG PY 2004 VL 408 BP 20 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2004.02.019 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 856NK UT WOS:000224051700009 ER PT J AU Look, DC Claflin, B Alivov, YI Park, SJ AF Look, DC Claflin, B Alivov, YI Park, SJ TI The future of ZnO light emitters SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photo-Responsive Materials CY FEB 25-29, 2004 CL Kariega Game Reserve, SOUTH AFRICA SP EMF Ltd, Sensors Unlimited Inc, Carl Zeist Pty, Ltd ID P-TYPE ZNO; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ZN3N2 THIN-FILMS; N-ZNO; EMITTING-DIODES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS; NITROGEN ACCEPTORS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB Compact, solid-state UV emitters have many potential applications, and ZnO-based materials are ideal for the wavelength range 390 nm and lower. However, the most efficient solid-state emitters are p-n junctions, and p-type ZnO is difficult to make. Thus, the future of ZnO light emitters depends on either producing low-resistivity p-type ZnO, or in mating n-type ZnO with a p-type hole injector. Perhaps the best device so far involves an n-ZnO/p-AlGaN/n-SiC structure, which produces intense 390 +/- 1 nm emission at both 300 K and 500 K. However, development of p-ZnO is proceeding at a rapid pace, and a p-n homojunction should be available soon. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Microelect Technol, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. K JIST, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. RP Look, DC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.look@wpafb.af.mil RI jiseon, seo/N-1516-2015 NR 70 TC 418 Z9 430 U1 11 U2 51 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 EI 1862-6319 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 201 IS 10 BP 2203 EP 2212 DI 10.1002/pssa.200404803 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 850LU UT WOS:000223613800003 ER PT J AU Levin, GA AF Levin, GA TI Phenomenology of conduction in incoherent layered crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE RESISTIVITY; NORMAL-STATE MAGNETORESISTANCE; INTRINSIC JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; PHASE COHERENCE LENGTH; OF-PLANE RESISTIVITY; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES AB A phenomenological approach to the analysis of the conductivities of incoherent layered crystals is presented. It is based on the fundamental relationship between the resistive anisotropy sigma(ab)/sigma(c) and the ratio of the phase coherence lengths in the respective directions. We explore the model-independent consequences of a general assumption that the out-of-plane phase coherence length of single electrons is a short fixed distance of the order of interlayer spacing. Several topics are discussed: application of the scaling theory, magnetoresistivity, the effects of substitutions, and the intermediate regime of conduction when both coherence lengths change with temperature, but at a different rate. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, 1950 5th St,Bldg 450, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 6 AR 064515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.064515 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 851WE UT WOS:000223716300080 ER PT J AU Pethrick, RA Armstrong, GS Banks, WM Crane, RL Hayward, D AF Pethrick, RA Armstrong, GS Banks, WM Crane, RL Hayward, D TI Dielectric and mechanical studies of the durability of adhesively bonded aluminium structures subjected to temperature cycling. Part 1: examination of moisture absorption SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART L-JOURNAL OF MATERIALS-DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dielectric; mechanical testing; adhesives; water absorption; ageing; durability ID AUTOMOTIVE ADHESIVES; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; FATIGUE; DESIGN AB Dielectric measurements and mechanical tests on adhesively bonded joints are reported for bonds having been aged by complete immersion in water at 50 and 65 degreesC and by changing between these temperatures. Such joints have direct application to aircraft structures and other important engineering areas. The dielectric frequency domain measurements at 3 MHz are used to monitor moisture ingress into the adhesive bond. Initially the rate of change in the permittivity follows pseudo-Fickian behaviour consistent with simple moisture diffusion. In all the cases studied, acceleration in the rate of increase in the permittivity was observed consistent with the moisture converting the interfacial oxide layer to hydroxide. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements indicate that physical changes occur in the bond line. Shear and cleavage measurements were performed at regular intervals and indicate a loss of mechanical properties of the bond. Comparison of the TDR measurements with ultrasonic and optical images indicated that the dramatic loss of mechanical properties is coincident with the observation of defects having been created in the interfacial layer. A correlation between certain of the mechanical properties and the change in the dielectric permittivity is observed. C1 Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech Engn, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. USAF, Res Lab, Non Destruct Evaluat Branch, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Banks, WM (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech Engn, James Weir Bldg,75 Montrose St, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 6 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 1464-4207 J9 P I MECH ENG L-J MAT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Pt. L-J. Mater.-Design Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 218 IS L3 BP 169 EP 182 DI 10.1243/1464420041579463 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 850PY UT WOS:000223626100001 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GS Banks, WM Pethrick, RA Crane, RL Hayward, D AF Armstrong, GS Banks, WM Pethrick, RA Crane, RL Hayward, D TI Dielectric and mechanical studies of the durability of adhesively bonded aluminium structures subjected to temperature cycling. Part 2: examination of the failure process and effects of drying SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART L-JOURNAL OF MATERIALS-DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dielectric; mechanical testing; adhesives; water absorption; ageing; durability ID EPOXY-RESIN; JOINTS; DESIGN AB Additional dielectric measurements and mechanical tests on adhesively bonded joints are reported for bonds having been aged by complete immersion in water at 50 and 65 degreesC and by changing between these temperatures. Dielectric frequency domain measurements are discussed in terms of the effects on the adhesive and the oxide layer as a result of water ingress to the bond line. Initially, the moisture adsorption follows a pseudo-Fickian behaviour, and correlation with the mechanical properties would suggest that the initial loss in mechanical strength is consistent with plasticization of the adhesive layer. In all the cases studied, acceleration in the rate of increase in the permittivity was observed consistent with the moisture converting the interfacial oxide layer to hydroxide. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the hydroxide formed was predominantly of the boehmite [gamma-AlO(OH)] form, but also with some of the diaspore [alpha-AlO(OH)] form. The change of the oxide to hydroxide changes the bond line characteristics and is clearly identifiable in the time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements. Further analysis of the high-frequency dielectric data indicate that the changes in the adherend surface resistivity that occur in the latter stages of ageing may be indicative of the conversion of oxide to hydroxide. Comparison of the TDR measurements with ultrasonic and optical images indicated that the dramatic loss of shear and cleavage strength is coincident with the observation of defects having been created in the interfacial layer. The ability for a joint to recover on drying was investigated, and the data indicate that, depending on the distribution of the moisture in the bond, recovery of mechanical properties is or is not possible. In the initial stages, when moisture is in the adhesive, recovery is in principle possible. However, once moisture has changed the interfacial layer, recovery becomes more difficult. C1 Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech Engn, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. USAF, Res Lab, Non Destruct Evaluat Branch, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Banks, WM (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech Engn, Games Weir Bldg,75 Montrose St, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 6 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 1464-4207 J9 P I MECH ENG L-J MAT JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Pt. L-J. Mater.-Design Appl. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 218 IS L3 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1243/1464420041579481 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 850PY UT WOS:000223626100002 ER PT J AU Christou, JC Pugliese, G Kohler, R Drummond, JD AF Christou, JC Pugliese, G Kohler, R Drummond, JD TI Photometric and astrometric analysis of Gemini/Hokupa'a Galactic center adaptive optics observations SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID STELLAR FIELDS; DECONVOLUTION; IMAGES AB We have compared three techniques - StarFinder, IDAC ( Iterative Deconvolution Algorithm in C), and parametric blind deconvolution (PBD) - for extracting photometry and astrometry of stars in densely crowded field adaptive optics observations, and their point-spread functions (PSFs). The three algorithms investigated produce very similar results over dynamic ranges of 4 mag, accurately measuring relative photometry to within 0.1 mag for dynamic ranges of 5 mag, as well as astrometry to within 10% of the PSF width. At larger dynamic ranges, the photometry is more dependent upon the field crowding, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the algorithm used. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. USAF, Starfire Opt Range, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Christou, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 116 IS 822 BP 734 EP 744 DI 10.1086/423433 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 843IY UT WOS:000223073400005 ER PT J AU Whitmore, JN Fischer, JR Storm, WF AF Whitmore, JN Fischer, JR Storm, WF TI Hypnotic efficacy of zaleplon for daytime sleep in rested individuals SO SLEEP LA English DT Article DE zaleplon; sleep; nap; daytime; performance ID PERFORMANCE; LATENCY AB Study Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether zaleplon (10 mg) effectively promoted sleep during the daytime in well-rested individuals when compared to placebo. A secondary objective was to see if, while not expected, the use of zaleplon impacted the performance of well-rested individuals upon awakening. Design: Repeated measures with 2 within-subject factors: drug (placebo/zaleplon) and trial (hourly testing during waking hours). Polysomnographic variables were recorded during a 3.5-hour nap following drug administration. Performance measures and subjective reports were collected during every waking trial of each session. Setting: The study was conducted at the Chronobiology and Sleep Laboratory located at Brooks Air Force Base. Participants: Twelve participants, 6 men and 6 women. Interventions: 10-mg zaleplon or placebo capsules, single afternoon dose. Drug administration was counterbalanced and double-blinded. Measurements and Results: Zaleplon allowed participants to obtain significantly more slow-wave sleep than under placebo. There was also a trend for participants under zaleplon to accomplish a greater amount of sleep than under placebo, Performance was not adversely impacted following a 3.5-hour daytime sleep under zaleplon, nor were any undesirable symptoms induced. Conclusions: Zaleplon improves sleep quality when used by rested individuals to accomplish daytime sleep. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEPM, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Adv Informat Engn Syst Gen Dynam, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Whitmore, JN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEPM, 2485 Gillingham Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM jeff.whitmore@brooks.af.mil NR 10 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACADEMY SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CENTER STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 27 IS 5 BP 895 EP 898 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 848EX UT WOS:000223451400011 PM 15453547 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Learning from each other: Reviewing programs SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB In the process of continuing to improve the strength and conditioning program, it becomes imperative to initiate a review process at the completion of each in-season phase. During this phase, the athletes typically are not involved in any organized training, and this provides the strength and conditioning coach with an opportunity to review the yearly plan and initiate any changes in the overall plan based on any adjustments that have been deemed to be of value. We asked our panel of coaches to discuss how they go about accomplishing this review process. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ARHedrick@Adelphia.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 46 EP 48 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 846PW UT WOS:000223328900006 ER PT J AU Hedrick, A AF Hedrick, A TI Teaching the clean SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE teaching; clean; power development AB Teaching an athlete how to perform a clean correctly can be a challenging task. Because of this some coaches avoid including the clean in the training programs they design. By breaking the process down into 12 steps, however, the teaching process becomes a more manageable task. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hedrick, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 70 EP 72 DI 10.1519/00126548-200412000-00016 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 846PW UT WOS:000223328900012 ER PT J AU Blackwood, B AF Blackwood, B TI Clean variation for enhanced performance SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE clean; exercise variation; bilateral deficit ID STRENGTH; POWER AB Many sports require athletes to unilaterally produce or absorb force. The squat-style barbell clean, for the most part, provides a bilateral training affect. Program design may be enhanced through the inclusion of the split variation and dumbbell clean. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Blackwood, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1524-1602 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 74 EP 76 DI 10.1519/1533-4295(2004)026<0074:CVFEP>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 846PW UT WOS:000223328900013 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN Nekkanti, RM Haugan, TJ Campbell, TA Yust, NA Evans, JM AF Barnes, PN Nekkanti, RM Haugan, TJ Campbell, TA Yust, NA Evans, JM TI Pulsed laser deposition of YBCO coated conductor using Y2O3 as the seed and cap layer SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEXTURED NI; RECENT PROGRESS; BUFFER LAYERS; SUBSTRATE; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; ARCHITECTURES; FABRICATION; TAPES AB Although a variety of buffer layers have been routinely reported, a standard architecture commonly used for the YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) coated conductor is YBCO/CeO2/YSZ/CeO2/substrate or YBCO/CeO2/YSZ/y(2)O(3)/substrate where ceria is typically the cap layer. CeO2 is generally used as only a seed (or cap layer) since cracking within the film occurs in thicker CeO2 layers due to the stress of lattice mismatching. Y2O3 has been proposed as a seed and as a cap layer but usually not for both in a given architecture, especially with all layers deposited in situ. Yttrium oxide films grown on nickel by electron beam evaporation processes were found to be dense and crack free with good epitaxy. In this report, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) Of Y2O3 is given where Y2O3 serves as both the seed and cap layer in the YBCO architecture. A comparison to PLD CeO2 is provided. Deposited layers of the YBCO coated conductor are also grown by laser ablation. Initial deposition resulted in specimens on textured Ni substrates with current densities of more than 1 MA cm(-2) at 77 K, self-field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 8 BP 957 EP 962 AR PII S0953-2048(04)77888-4 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/17/8/001 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 849XD UT WOS:000223574000003 ER PT J AU Baughman, SM Cespedes, RD AF Baughman, SM Cespedes, RD TI Unusual presentation of hidradenitis suppurativa with massive enlargement of penis SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease affecting the cutaneous apocrine glands and resulting in their obstruction. This enigmatic disease causes recurrent episodes of infection, edema, scarring, and fibrosis of surrounding tissues. We present the case of a 55-year-old man with two decades of inguinal hidradenitis suppurativa that resulted in extensive penile subcutaneous lymphedema and enlargement secondary to scarring and obstructive lymphadenopathy. Reconstructive phalloplasty to restore normal penile function was required. Minimal recurrent induration, normal cutaneous sensation, and normal voiding and erectile function were noted at 3 years of follow-up. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD AUG PY 2004 VL 64 IS 2 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 848UH UT WOS:000223492800050 ER PT J AU Short, DA Sardonia, JE Lambert, WC Wheeler, MM AF Short, DA Sardonia, JE Lambert, WC Wheeler, MM TI Nowcasting thunderstorm anvil clouds over Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SQUALL-LINE; DOWNDRAFTS; MESOSCALE; FLORIDA; EVOLUTION AB Electrified thunderstorm anvil clouds extend the threat of natural and triggered lightning to space launch and landing operations far beyond the immediate vicinity of thunderstorm cells. The deep convective updrafts of thunderstorms transport large amounts of water vapor, supercooled water droplets, and ice crystals into the upper troposphere, forming anvil clouds, which are then carried downstream by the prevailing winds in the anvil-formation layer. Electrified anvil clouds have been observed over the space launch and landing facilities of the John F. Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), emanating from thunderstorm activity more than 200 km away. Space launch commit criteria and flight rules require launch and landing vehicles to avoid penetration of the nontransparent portion of anvil clouds. The life cycles of 163 anvil clouds over the Florida peninsula and its coastal waters were documented using Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-8 visible imagery on 49 anvil-case days during the months of May - July 2001. Anvil clouds were found to propagate at the speed and direction of upper-tropospheric winds in the layer from 300 to 150 hPa, approximately 9.4 - 14 km in altitude, with an effective average transport lifetime of approximately 2 h and a standard deviation of approximately 30 min. The effective lifetime refers to the time required for the nontransparent leading edge of an anvil cloud to reach its maximum extent before beginning to dissipate. The information about propagation and lifetime was incorporated into the design, construction, and implementation of an objective short-range anvil forecast tool based on upper-air observations, for use on the Meteorological Interactive Data Display System within the Range Weather Operations facility of the 45th Weather Squadron at CCAFS and the Spaceflight Meteorology Group at Johnson Space Center. C1 ENSCO Inc, Cocoa Beach, FL 32931 USA. NASA, Appl Meteorol Unit, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. USAF, Patrick AFB, FL USA. RP Short, DA (reprint author), ENSCO Inc, 1980 N Atlantic Ave,Suite 230, Cocoa Beach, FL 32931 USA. EM short.david@ensco.com NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 BP 706 EP 713 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2004)019<0706:NTACOK>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 845UY UT WOS:000223272000004 ER PT J AU Whalen, JA AF Whalen, JA TI Linear dependence of the postsunset equatorial anomaly electron density on solar flux and its relation to the maximum prereversal E x B drift velocity through its dependence on solar flux SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE equatorial anomaly; solar cycle; solar flux; E x B drift ID VERTICAL PLASMA DRIFTS; BOTTOMSIDE SPREAD F; EVOLUTION; SECTOR; RADAR AB The postsunset equatorial ionization anomaly, with maximum F layer electron density, Nemax, occurring near 2100 LT, has been found during solar maximum to be a linear function of the maximum prereversal E x B drift velocity (E x B drift). In order to examine this relation at all levels of solar flux, Nemax is measured during 13 years of an entire solar cycle by eight ionospheric sounders located in the anomaly in both north and south dip latitudes and in eastern Asia, the Pacific, and South America. At each location the monthly median Nemax increases linearly with the monthly average solar flux, Sa, over the range from 70 to 285 sfu. The linear function varies markedly with location and by month at each location. The relation to E x B drift, which is also a linear function of Sa, is determined using measurements of Nemax versus Sa measured at Bogota in the anomaly plotted as a function of E x B versus Sa measured at Jicamarca at the dip equator. The result is that Nemax is a linear function of E x B, which is in agreement with that found previously during solar maximum. Accordingly, the Nemax versus E x B relation is independent of Sa. The fact that Nemax is linear in Sa at each site implies Nemax is linear in E x B at each but with a functional dependence that varies with latitude and longitude. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Whalen, JA (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM james.whalen@hanscom.af.mil NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 30 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A7 AR A07309 DI 10.1029/2004JA010528 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 844WU UT WOS:000223192600003 ER PT J AU Das, GP Yeates, AT Dudis, DS AF Das, GP Yeates, AT Dudis, DS TI Ab initio fragment orbital theory (AFOT): application to some two-photon-absorbing (TPA) molecules SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ORGANIC CHROMOPHORES; SYSTEMS; DERIVATIVES AB The recently developed AFOT code is applied to investigate the two-photon-absorbing (TPA) properties of some of the bis(styryl) benzene derivatives (BSBD) demonstrated recently to possess large TPA cross sections. The results are compared both with the earlier semi-empirical as well as the more recent density functional calculations. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Das, GP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM guru.das@wpafb.af.mil NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2004 VL 393 IS 1-3 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.04.105 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 840VJ UT WOS:000222887700014 ER PT J AU Sutherland, RL Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ AF Sutherland, RL Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Bunning, TJ TI Phenomenological model of anisotropic volume hologram formation in liquid-crystal-photopolymer mixtures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRATING FORMATION; DIFFUSION-MODEL; SWITCHING PROPERTIES; POLYMER; POLARIZATION; DISPLAYS; PHASE AB The real time formation of anisotropic volume holographic reflection gratings in a liquid-crystal/photopolymer mixture is studied. We develop a phenomenological model of grating formation that incorporates the photophysics and photochemistry of the initiator dye, reaction-diffusion kinetics of the monomer-polymer system, phase separation of the liquid crystal, nematic order evolution of liquid-crystal droplets, and volume shrinkage of the polymer. We then test this model by experimentally monitoring the diffraction efficiency for s and p polarization, Bragg wavelength, and laser scattering in real time as the grating is formed. The model yields good agreement with experimental data for different recording intensities and exposure times. We discuss the physics of the system as it evolves in time and explain the major features of anisotropic grating formation in acrylate-based holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sutherlandr@saic.com NR 29 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 2 BP 951 EP 965 DI 10.1063/1.1762713 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 834DJ UT WOS:000222391500001 ER PT J AU Hazu, K Sota, T Adachi, S Chichibu, S Cantwell, G Reynolds, DC Litton, CW AF Hazu, K Sota, T Adachi, S Chichibu, S Cantwell, G Reynolds, DC Litton, CW TI Phonon scattering of excitons and biexcitons in ZnO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE QUANTUM-WELLS; BINDING-ENERGY; ZINC OXIDE; POLARITONS; SPECTRUM AB The phase relaxation time of biexcitons T-2(bi) and that of excitons T-2(ex) in a bulk ZnO have been measured by the use of femtosecond four-wave mixing as functions of excitation wavelength, excitation power, and temperature. The biexciton-acoustic phonon interaction coefficient has been determined to be beta(ac)(bi)approximate to53 mueV/K as an average value. For A excitons, the interaction coefficients with acoustic and optical phonons have been determined to be beta(ac)(ex)approximate to8.4 mueV/K and beta(opt)(ex)approximate to14 meV, respectively. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Waseda Univ, Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Zn Technol Inc, Res, Brea, CA 92821 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hazu, K (reprint author), Waseda Univ, Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. EM kouji@moegi.waseda.jp NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 2 BP 1270 EP 1272 DI 10.1063/1.1760831 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 834DJ UT WOS:000222391500052 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB Senkov, ON Sanders, WS Kendig, KL AF Miracle, DB Senkov, ON Sanders, WS Kendig, KL TI Structure-forming principles for amorphous metals SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Rapidly Quenched and Metastable Materials CY AUG 25-30, 2002 CL Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Univ Oxford, Dept Mat DE structure; atomic clusters; amorphous metals ID GLASS-FORMATION; SHORT-RANGE; RANDOM PACKING; X-RAY; ALLOYS; SCATTERING; SYSTEMS; SPHERES; MODEL; ORDER AB The purpose of this research is to establish structure-forming principles that govern the atomic structures of metallic glasses. A structural model based on efficient atomic packing will be discussed and applied to the topological systems that represent most metallic glass alloys. The concept of efficient atomic packing has direct and specific implications regarding the local structure and composition of metallic glasses. Specific solute-to-solvent atomic radius ratios and specific solute concentrations related to these ratios are shown to be preferred in this model, and analysis of a wide range of metallic glass systems shows a very strong correlation with these predicted values. Relationships between atomic size and concentration are discussed, and new insights are proposed based on the current structural model. Possible local atomic configurations (i.e., atomic clusters) are defined based on topological constraints that are derived from the requirement of efficient atomic packing. Experimental observations drawn from the literature that provide support for this model are presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.miracle@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 42 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 375 SI SI BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.130 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 846QC UT WOS:000223329700021 ER PT J AU Fu, BX Lee, A Haddad, TS AF Fu, BX Lee, A Haddad, TS TI Styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymers modified with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; POSS MOLECULES; POLYMERS; OLIGOSILSESQUIOXANES; NANOCOMPOSITES; ORIENTATION; TRANSITION; CYLINDERS AB A novel hybrid organic/inorganic triblock copolymer of polystyrene-butadiene-polystyrene (SBS) containing grafted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecules was synthesized by a hydrosilation method. The POSS molecules were designed to contain a single silane functional group, which was used to graft onto the dangling 1,2-butadienes in the polybutadiene soft block. Unlike typical free radical copolymerizations commonly used for many other POSS incorporations investigated, this synthesis method allows us to make a series of polymers with varying amounts of POSS without any change to the overall degree of polymerization or structure of the main SBS backbone. This gives us a unique opportunity to study the POSS behavior in the matrix and know that all differences are solely due to the POSS grafted to the soft continuous butadiene phase. X-ray diffraction revealed that the grafted POSS are very well dispersed in the matrix of the hybrid polymer, which is compared to the strong phase segregation observed in a POSS physical blend. Small-angle X-ray scattering indicates that although the cylindrical morphology attributed to the styrene component was not altered by the presence of POSS, attachment of POSS to the continuous phase (polybutadiene block) causes the packing of discrete phase (polystyrene blocks) to lack long-range features. Results of dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the POSS has sterically hindered the motion of the polybutadiene blocks. More interestingly, the presence of POSS in the soft segments also resulted in a tapered tan delta peak associated with the glass transition of polystyrene and a higher tensile strength when deformed at temperature near T-g of polystyrene without affecting the elongational behavior of SBS at temperatures above T-g of polybutadiene. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Lee, A (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM leea@egr.msu.edu NR 28 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 13 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 14 BP 5211 EP 5218 DI 10.1021/ma049753m PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 836QQ UT WOS:000222571000012 ER PT J AU Hasselbeck, MP Schlie, LA Stalnaker, D AF Hasselbeck, MP Schlie, LA Stalnaker, D TI Emission of electromagnetic radiation by coherent vibrational waves in stimulated Raman scattering SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TERAHERTZ RADIATION; PHONONS; INSB; SEMICONDUCTORS; OSCILLATIONS; TRANSPORT; PLASMONS; GAAS AB Electromagnetic radiation is emitted by the vibrational and collective modes of an opaque solid as the result of impulsive stimulated Raman scattering. Raman scattering of near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses produces coherent longitudinal optical phonon and plasmon oscillations in the semiconductor InSb. These oscillations radiate into free space at THz frequencies and are directly detected. The THz spectra exhibit features consistent with Raman selection rules including interference of allowed and forbidden Raman scattering. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hasselbeck, MP (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mph@unm.edu NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 2 BP 173 EP 175 DI 10.1063/1.1769588 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 839KP UT WOS:000222784300005 ER PT J AU Sharma, RD AF Sharma, RD TI Raman scattering by ground-state atomic oxygen SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic oxygen; Raman transitions between fine structure levels; Raman LIDAR; local thermodynamic equilibrium; three-dimensional map of atmospheric temperature and atomic oxygen density ID FINE-STRUCTURE LEVELS; LIMB EMISSION; THERMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; FEASIBILITY; EXCITATION; RETRIEVAL AB Differential cross sections for Raman scattering between the multiplet levels of the ground electronic state of atomic oxygen are calculated from first principles. The calculated cross sections are in order-of-magnitude agreement with the available experimental measurements. The use of a Raman LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) has the potential of giving a three-dimensional map of the density of each of the three fine structure levels of atomic oxygen. Since it was established earlier that the fine structure levels are in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) up to at least 350 km altitude, the Raman LIDAR therefore also has the potential of giving a three-dimensional map of the temperature of the atmosphere. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Sharma, RD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM ramesh.sharma@hanscom.af.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 10 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A7 AR A07303 DI 10.1029/2004JA010386 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 837SV UT WOS:000222657300002 ER PT J AU Eckart, RE Love, SS Atwood, JE Arness, MK Cassimatis, DC Campbell, CL Boyd, SY Murphy, JG Swerdlow, DL Collins, LC Riddle, JR Tornberg, DN Grabenstein, JD Engler, RJM AF Eckart, RE Love, SS Atwood, JE Arness, MK Cassimatis, DC Campbell, CL Boyd, SY Murphy, JG Swerdlow, DL Collins, LC Riddle, JR Tornberg, DN Grabenstein, JD Engler, RJM CA Dept of Def Smallpox Vaccination TI Incidence and follow-up of inflammatory cardiac complications after smallpox vaccination SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; VIRAL MYOCARDITIS AB OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the follow-up of patients with vaccinia-associated myocarditis. BACKGROUND With the threat of biological warfare, the U.S. Department of Defense resumed a program for widespread smallpox vaccinations on December 13, 2002. One-year afterwards, there has been a significant increase in the occurrence of myocarditis and pericarditis among those vaccinated. METHODS Cases were identified through sentinel reporting to military headquarters, systematic surveillance, and spontaneous reports. RESULTS A total of 540,824 military personnel were vaccinated with a New York City Board of Health strain of vaccinia from December 2002 through December 2003. Of these, 67 developed myopericarditis at 10.4 +/- 3.6 days after vaccination. The ST-segment elevation was noted in 57%, mean troponin on admission was 11.3 +/- 22.7 ng/dl, and peak cardiac enzymes were noted within 8 h of presentation. On follow-up of 64 patients (96%) at a mean of 32 16 weeks, all patients had objective normalization of echocardiography, electrocardiography, laboratory testing, graded exercise testing, and functional status; 8 (13%) reported atypical, non-limiting persistent chest discomfort. CONCLUSIONS Post-vaccinial myopericarditis should be considered in patients with chest pain within 30 days after smallpox vaccination. Normalization of echocardiography, electrocardiography, and treadmill testing is expected, and nearly all patients have resolution of chest pain on follow-up. (C) 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. C1 USA, Med Command, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Vaccine Healthcare ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Med Ctr, Vaccine Healthcare Ctr, Washington, DC USA. USA, Med Surveillance Act, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. USA, Med Command, Off Assistant Secreary Def Hlth Affairs, Falls Church, VA USA. USA, Med Command, Mil Vaccine Agcy, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Eckart, RE (reprint author), USA, Med Command, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Robert.Eckart@us.army.mil NR 22 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.05.004 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 834OX UT WOS:000222421500040 PM 15234435 ER PT J AU Ha, YH Vaia, RA Lynn, WF Costantino, JP Shin, J Smith, AB Matsudaira, PT Thomas, EL AF Ha, YH Vaia, RA Lynn, WF Costantino, JP Shin, J Smith, AB Matsudaira, PT Thomas, EL TI Three-dimensional network photonic crystals via cyclic size reduction/infiltration of sea urchin exoskeleton SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP; MORPHOLOGIES; SURFACES AB Many naturally occurring solids possess periodic structures that give rise to visible photonic crystal properties,([1]) commonly termed structural colors. Some stunning examples are butterfly wings (one-dimensional, 1D), ([2]) abalone shells (1D),([3]) sea-mouse spines (two-dimensional, 2D),([4]) and natural opals (three-dimensional, 3D).([5]) Exploitation of other periodic natural structures, is however limited by the inherently large size scale and the low dielectric contrast of the materials. Furthermore, these generally more complex geometries are a challenge to model correctly in order to obtain correct band diagrams. Here we report the development of a high fidelity cyclic size reduction and infiltration scheme, and apply it to a sea urchin exoskeleton to successfully fabricate a high dielectric contrast 3D photonic crystal exhibiting a stop band in the mid-IR range. The band structure of the exoskeleton is modeled using level set mathematics and agrees well with the experimental reflectivity exhibited by the 3D bicontinuous tellurium network of the replicated urchin. C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Veridian Engn, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, London SW7 5BD, England. MIT, Whitehead Inst Biomed Res, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. MIT, Whitehead Inst Biomed Res, Div Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Thomas, EL (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM elt@mit.edu RI Shin, Jennifer/C-1647-2011; Smith, Andrew/B-9849-2009; Matsudaira, Paul/H-1475-2012 OI Shin, Jennifer/0000-0001-8448-6236; Matsudaira, Paul/0000-0002-8399-3276 NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUL 5 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 13 BP 1091 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200400131 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 842KO UT WOS:000223003200007 ER PT J AU Tudela, MA Lagace, PA Wardle, BL AF Tudela, MA Lagace, PA Wardle, BL TI Buckling response of transversely loaded composite shells, part 1: Experiments SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMPACT DAMAGE RESISTANCE; CURVED PANELS; BEHAVIOR; THIN AB The transverse loading response of convex composite shell structures typical of aircraft fuselage sections was investigated, and the experimental work is reported. Important mechanisms in the response, particularly instabilities (buckling), were studied by investigation of the force-deflection response and the evolution of full-held deformation shapes. Quasi-static tests were conducted to simulate impact of convex shells. The specimens were laminated, cylindrical shell sections in [+/-45(nw)/0(n)](s) configurations, where n takes on values of 1, 2, and 3. The three structural parameters of radius, span, and thickness were varied according to a scaling relation and were chosen to represent approximate fuselage dimensions of general aviation and commercial transport aircraft. All specimens were evaluated for damage with dye-penetrant enhanced x radiography and sectioning after mechanical testing. The structural response changes both quantitatively and qualitatively for the different shell geometries and was categorized into three types based on the existence of the instability transition characteristics such as deformation shapes. The presence of the instability becomes more likely for deeper, thinner specimens where the ratio of membrane stiffness to bending stiffness is higher. This can be characterized by a structural parameter involving geometric and material factors. The majority of the specimens showed no damage, but the limited experimental evidence did show plate-like damage occurring in the shell specimens before any instability. Suggestions for further work to extend these findings are made. C1 MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Lab Adv Composites, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tudela, MA (reprint author), USAF, Mat Lab, 2941 P St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1457 EP 1464 DI 10.2514/1.11884 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 839UW UT WOS:000222811400020 ER PT J AU Coop, CPTC England, MAJRW Quinn, LTCJM AF Coop, CPTC England, MAJRW Quinn, LTCJM TI Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis masquerading as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; DISEASE; CORTICOSTEROIDS; PATIENT AB Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a noninvasive complex hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in immunocompetent patients with asthma. Aspergillus can invade and disseminate, but this more commonly occurs in severely immunocompromised patients receiving high-dose corticosteroids. We report the case of a 13-year-old immunocompetent male patient with moderate persistent asthma who appeared to have invasive pulmonary aspergillosis on radiographic studies. With further evaluation and workup, it was determined that the patient did not have invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, but that he met the diagnostic criteria for ABPA. Although initially there was a deceptive invasive appearance, proper identification of ABPA facilitated selection of corticosteroid treatment that resulted in prompt clearing of the concerning infiltrates. C1 5th Med Grp, 5 MDG MDOS SGOKI, Dept Internal Med, Minot, ND 58705 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Coop, CPTC (reprint author), 5th Med Grp, 5 MDG MDOS SGOKI, Dept Internal Med, 10 Missile Ave, Minot, ND 58705 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 263 EP 266 PG 4 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 854JU UT WOS:000223899700010 PM 15510588 ER PT J AU Gibson, WA AF Gibson, WA TI Mass smallpox immunization program in a deployed military setting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE smallpox; bioterrorism; military medicine; vaccination; vaccinia ID ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; VACCINATION; VACCINIA AB A prospective, observational study of immunizing over 6,000 active-duty troops against smallpox in a 4-week time period was conducted. It focused on the complications of the vaccine and lost workdays. Comparison is made to the complication rates of earlier smallpox immunization programs. In direct response to elevated bioterrorism concerns, the United States military and civilian first-responders have begun a mass smallpox immunization program. This article reviews the experience with implementing such a program in a forward-deployed location while maintaining military readiness. The objectives were to assess the impact of a mass smallpox immunization program on operations in a forward-deployed military setting and to comment on lessons learned in the screening and immunization process. From January 16, 2003 through February 11 5 2003 6,002 members of the United States military were immunized in a forward-deployed location. Information was obtained using data from the Air Force Complete Information Tracking Application (AFCITA) and the Global Expeditionary Medical System (GEMS) we plan to calculate the following Main Outcome Measures data: (1)Percentage of individuals eligible to receive the vaccine, (2) Vaccine take rate by CDC criteria, (3) Number of serious complications, (4) Number of life-threatening complications, and (5) Number of manpower days lost as a complication of the vaccine. A total of 6,739 individuals were screened for vaccination with 6,348 (94%) remaining eligible for the vaccine. The "take" rate for the vaccine was 98.6% as per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. The immunization program produced an additional 156 medical visits (2.6% of patients required one visit). A total of 0.55% of immunized individuals lost one or more work days. In conclusion, a mass smallpox vaccination program can be effectively administered in a forward-deployed military setting despite high tempo military operations with minimal operational impact. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, SAUSHEC Emergency Med Residency Program, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. RP Gibson, WA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, SAUSHEC Emergency Med Residency Program, 18105 Beargrass Ct, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. EM wgibson@satx.rr.com NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 267 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2004.04.008 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 843MJ UT WOS:000223087700005 PM 15258865 ER PT J AU Haddock, CK Lando, H Klesges, RC Peterson, AL Scarinci, IC AF Haddock, CK Lando, H Klesges, RC Peterson, AL Scarinci, IC TI Modified tobacco use and lifestyle change in risk-reducing beliefs about smoking SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CESSATION; BEHAVIORS; EFFICACY; HEALTH AB Background: This study examined beliefs about potential risk-reduction strategies for tobacco users among a large group of voting adults. Strategies examined included switching to low-yield cigarettes, replacing cigarettes with cigars, switching from cigarettes to smokeless tobacco, adopting a healthy diet, and engaging in regular exercise. Methods: One-year longitudinal survey of 36,012 young adults (mean 20.1 years) entering the U.S. Air Force from October 1999 to September 2000. Results: Smokers generally rated the strategies as providing more risk-reduction potential than never smokers or ex-smokers, although the group differences were small. Diet, exercise, and switching to low-yield cigarettes were rated as providing the most health benefits, regardless of smoking status. Smokers who had either changed their diet or exercise to lower their risks from smoking had significantly lower perceived personal risk of developing a tobacco-related disease than other smokers. Smokers who believed that switching to smokeless tobacco would lower the health risks associated with smoking were more likely, while smokers reporting switching to low-yield cigarettes were significant less likely, to quit during a 1-year follow-up period. Conclusions: Beliefs about the risk-reduction benefits of both changes in tobacco use and health behaviors may impact tobacco use attitudes and practices. (C) 2004 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. St Lukes Hosp, Mid Amer Heart Inst, Kansas City, MO 64111 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Memphis, Ctr Community Hlth, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Clin Hlth Psychol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Haddock, CK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Psychol, 4825 Troost,Suite 124, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM haddockc@umkc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL53478] NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.03.010 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 831SK UT WOS:000222216200006 PM 15212773 ER PT J AU Gill, SS Turner, MA Battaglia, TC Leis, HT Balian, G Miller, MD AF Gill, SS Turner, MA Battaglia, TC Leis, HT Balian, G Miller, MD TI Semitendinosus regrowth - Biochemical, ultrastructural, and physiological characterization of the regenerate tendon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial Congress of the International-Society-of-Arthroscopy-Knee-Surgery-and-Orthopaedic-Sports -Medicine (ISAKOS) CY MAR 10-14, 2003 CL Auckland, NEW ZEALAND SP Int Soc Arthroscipy, Knee Surg & Orthopaed Sports Med DE hamstring; regeneration; anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; PATELLAR TENDON; GRACILIS TENDONS; PATELLOFEMORAL PROBLEMS; RECONSTRUCTION; SURGERY; STRENGTH; MUSCLE; KNEE; FRACTURE AB Background: Previous studies have suggested that hamstring tendons can regenerate following harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Hypothesis: This "neo-tendon" is a true, functional tendon, not scar tissue. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Semitendinosus tendons were harvested from 35 New Zealand white rabbits using a standard tendon stripper. The rabbits were sacrificed 9 to 12 months following the index procedure and thoroughly evaluated. Results: Thirty-one rabbits were available at the time of sacrifice. The neo-tendon was present in 26 rabbits but was highly variable in size and location of its tibial insertion. Histologic and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the regenerate tissue was indeed tendon with normal cellularity, organization, and immunolocalization of type I collagen. Electron microscopy showed regeneration of organized collagen tissue that simulated native tendon but with a smaller cross-sectional diameter. Functionally, the neo-tendon was able to transmit force across the musculotendinous junction but at a significantly slower rate than the opposite, control leg. Biomechanical properties of the neo-tendon were significantly less than the control side. Biochemical analysis revealed that the neo-tendons contained glycosaminoglycans and collagen, but levels were significantly lower than normal tendons. Conclusions: Semitendinosus tendons regenerate with biologically reactive tendinous tissues in an animal model. This tissue has many of the characteristics of a normal tendon but appears to be inferior to the original musculotendinous unit at 9- to 12-month evaluation. Further characterization of the "lizard tail phenomenon" is still needed. Clinical Relevance: Hamstring tendon regrowth may have a dramatic impact on postoperative function of patients who undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with these tendons. Further modulation of this regeneration may further reduce graft harvesting morbidity. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Orthopaed Surg, McCue Ctr, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USAF, Elmendort AFB, AK USA. RP Miller, MD (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Orthopaed Surg, McCue Ctr, 3rd Floor,290 Massie Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1173 EP 1181 DI 10.1177/0363546503262159 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 839TR UT WOS:000222808300010 PM 15262639 ER EF