FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Blackshire, JL Martin, SA Na, JK AF Blackshire, J. L. Martin, S. A. Na, J. K. BE Chang, FK TI The influence of bond material type and quality on damage detection for surface-bonded piezoelectric sensors SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2007: QUANTIFICATION, VALIDATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring CY SEP 11-13, 2007 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP AF Off Sci Res, Army Res Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Off Naval Res HO Stanford Univ AB The primary means of implementing an integrated sensor system for existing/legacy aerospace systems is through surface mounting or bonding of the sensors to the structure. For most structural health monitoring (SHM) sensor systems, there are two basic requirements for the bond material: 1) adhere the sensor to the structure in a non-interfering basis, and 2) provide a high-strength, durable bond for long-term sensor use. In many instances, however, the bond material should be considered as an integral part of the sensing system, where the influence of bond proper-ties on sensing performance need to be understood and considered as part of the design process. For integrated piezoelectric sensor systems there is a requirement for the efficient transfer of elastic wave energy through the adhesive layer into the host structure. In this research effort, the influence of bond material type and quality is studied for surface-bonded piezoelectric sensors. In particular, the influence of the bond state is characterized with regard to elastic energy transfer efficiency, frequency response characteristics, adhesive bond degradation effects, and their potential impact on damage sensing capabilities for the SHM system. Several different types of bond material were studied from very compliant to very stiff bond states. The effect of bond degradation was also studied in the form of controlled partial disbond of the piezoelectric sensor from the substrate material. Analytic and computational Models were developed and used to understand these various phenomena, as well as experimental studies using a scanning laser vibrometry, pitch-catch, and pulse-echo detection methods for cracks and corrosion. C1 AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blackshire, JL (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-71-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2007 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Transportation GA BHM63 UT WOS:000254290000021 ER PT J AU Demencik, E Usak, P Takacs, S Varva, I Polak, M Levin, GA Barnes, PN AF Demencik, E. Usak, P. Takacs, S. Varva, I. Polak, M. Levin, G. A. Barnes, P. N. TI Visualization of coupling current paths in striated YBCO-coated conductors at frequencies up to 400 Hz SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; AC LOSS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; LOSSES; TAPES AB The magnetic flux density component perpendicular to the broad tape face was mapped by miniature Hall probes in the vicinity of a striated YBCO-coated tape at frequencies of external magnetic field from 21 to 400 Hz, applied perpendicularly to the tape surface. For reasons of modelling the coupling current behaviour in tapes with a conductive substrate, we amplified the coupling current-amplitude by soldering 25 mu m thick copper foil on the top of the filaments. The aim of this procedure was to decrease the transverse resistivity of the tape. The longitudinal components of the total currents flowing in the tape were calculated by an inverse method from the field map corresponding to the zero phase of the applied field. The diffusion lengths, characterizing the flux penetration into the tape, were determined for the respective frequencies. The experimentally determined diffusion length is in good accordance with theoretical models. While at 21 Hz both weak coupling currents and distinctive hysteretic currents of individual filaments are observed, at 400 Hz the coupling currents are predominant in this YBCO tape. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Demencik, E (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. EM eduard.demencik@savba.sk NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 20 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/20/1/016 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 130HQ UT WOS:000243791100018 ER PT S AU Kaspi, R Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML Chavez, JR Gianardi, DM Barresi, RR AF Kaspi, Ron Ongstad, Andrew P. Dente, Gregory C. Tilton, Michael L. Chavez, Joseph R. Gianardi, Donald M. Barresi, Ray R. BE Titterton, DH Richardson, MA TI High performance optically pumped antimonide mid-infrared lasers - art. no. 673806 SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR OPTICAL COUNTERMEASURES IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Optical Countermeasures IV CY SEP 17-18, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE Europe DE mid-IR laser; semiconductor laser; antimonide; unstable resonator; beam quality ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MU-M; HIGH-POWER; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; UNSTABLE RESONATOR; LOW CONFINEMENT AB In this paper, we briefly review optically pumped type-II "W" quantum-well semiconductor lasers that emit in the mid-infrared wavelengths. In addition, we demonstrate on-chip unstable resonator cavity devices that exhibit excellent lateral beam quality. C1 [Kaspi, Ron; Ongstad, Andrew P.; Dente, Gregory C.; Tilton, Michael L.; Chavez, Joseph R.; Gianardi, Donald M.; Barresi, Ray R.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL DELS, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Kaspi, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL DELS, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6896-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6738 BP 73806 EP 73806 DI 10.1117/12.736986 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHG42 UT WOS:000252958400004 ER PT S AU Baird, L Kraft, DH AF Baird, Leemon Kraft, Donald H. BE Castillo, O Melin, P Ross, OM Cruz, RS Pedrycz, W Kacprzky, J TI A new approach for Boolean query processing in text information retrieval SO THEORETICAL ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY LOGIC AND SOFT COMPUTING SE ADVANCES IN SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFSA 2007 World Congress CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Int Fuzzy Syst Assoc, Hispan Amer Fuzzy Syst Assoc, Tijuana Inst Technol, Div Grad Studies AB The main objective of an information retrieval system is to be effective in providing a user with relevant information in response to a query. However, especially given the information explosion which has created an enormous volume of information, efficiency issues cannot be ignored. Thus, to be able to quickly process lists of documents that have the keywords stated in a given query assigned/indexed to them by merging via the Boolean logic of the query is essential in a Boolean query system. A new algorithm, based loosely on concurrent codes, is developed and discussed. C1 [Baird, Leemon; Kraft, Donald H.] USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Baird, L (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM leemon.baird@usafa.af.mil; donald.kraft@usafa.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1615-3871 BN 978-3-540-72433-9 J9 ADV SOFT COMP PY 2007 VL 42 BP 64 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BGO23 UT WOS:000248932700007 ER PT S AU Lee, HS Bang, W Kim, DW Semiatin, SL Chang, YW AF Lee, H. S. Bang, W. Kim, D. W. Semiatin, S. L. Chang, Y. W. BE Chandra, T Tsuzaki, K Militzer, M Ravindran, C TI Constitutive Analysis for Superplasic Deformation Behavior of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy SO THERMEC 2006 SUPPLEMENT: 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING OF ADVANCED MATERIALS SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials CY JUL 04-08, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE AZ31 magnesium alloy; Superplastic deformation; Load relaxation test; Grain boundary sliding; Internal variable theory ID INTERNAL VARIABLE APPROACH; AL-ALLOY; STRUCTURAL SUPERPLASTICITY; GRAIN-SIZE; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISM; EVOLUTION AB The superplastic deformation behaviour of a fine grained AZ31 magnesium alloy has been investigated within the framework of an internal variable theory for inelastic deformation. A series of tensile and load relaxation tests was first conducted by varying the test temperature and strain rate. The characteristic sigmoidal curves of superplastic deformation were obtained in terms of double log plot of flow stress vs. strain rate with the largest elongation of 657%. The flow curves were then analyzed by separating them into two parts, one due to the grain boundary sliding (GBS) and the other due to dislocation glide processes accommodating the GBS, contrary to the conventional approach with a single power-law relation. Each invididual flow curve was then analyzed based on the internal variable theory to obtain some valuable information and a more comprehensive understanding for the superplastic deformation behaviour of AZ31 magnesium alloys. C1 [Lee, H. S.; Kim, D. W.; Chang, Y. W.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Bang, W.] RIST, Magnesium Project Team, Pohang 790330, South Korea. [Semiatin, S. L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, HS (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM me1st@postech.ac.kr; tensile@rist.re.kr; gomdury@postech.ac.kr; lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil; ywchang@postech.ac.kr RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Korea Ministry of Science and Technology FX This work is supported partly by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The authors would also like to thank for the financial support of the National Research Labotory (NRL) program of the Korea Ministry of Science and Technology. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-0-87849-429-3 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2007 VL 15-17 BP 507 EP 512 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.15-17.507 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BOL59 UT WOS:000276951800089 ER PT J AU Roberts, MB Gschwender, LJ Snyder, CE AF Roberts, Marcie B. Gschwender, Lois J. Snyder, Carl E. TI Selection of low ozone depleting oxygen system cleaning solvents SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE solvents; gas turbine oils; hydraulic fluids; greases; seals; static; o-ring AB CFC113 (7,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane) was widely used in the military for removing dirt and lubricants from equipment. Users sought substitute "environmentally friendly" solvents due to banning of the ozone-depleting compounds. In this work, for wipe and liquid cleaning of liquid and gaseous oxygen systems, seven solvents, plus CFC113 as a baseline, were evaluated as CFC113 replacements. First, the cleaning ability was evaluated with common military lubricants and other common contaminants anticipated to be found on oxygen system components, MIL-PRF-7808 (ester-based gas turbine engine oil), MIL-PRF-83282 (hydraulic fluid), MIL-PRF-27617 (perfluoropolyalkylether-based PTFE thickened grease), MIL-PRF-27617 sprinkled with Arizona road dust, SA E 20W50 tube bending oil, and 3M 250 tape residue. These solvents were also tested,for compatibility with oxygen systems using the liquid oxygen mechanical impact test and by determining the autogenous ignition temperature in pure oxygen. Candidate solvents must also be compatible with elastomer seats. None of the solvents caused permanent damage to the seats. No single solvent performed as well as nor was as universal as CFC113 but several were close. C1 Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roberts, MB (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1080/10402000600943826 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 138PO UT WOS:000244374900004 ER PT S AU Adams, WJ Davis, NJ AF Adams, William J. Davis, Nathaniel J. BE Etalle, S Marsh, S TI Validating a trust-based access control system SO TRUST MANAGEMENT SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint iTrust and PST Conference on Privacy, Trust Management and Security CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2007 CL New Brunswick, CANADA DE validation testing; access control; trust management AB Over the last few years researchers have recognized the need for adaptive access control mechanisms for dynamic collaborative environments. As a result, several mechanisms have been proposed and demonstrated in academic literature. Although these mechanisms have been verified to perform as advertised, few of them have been validated to work within an operational environment. Using a decentralized trust-based access control system of their own design, the authors validated their system using a narrative technique to develop a realistic operational scenario. They tested the system within the scenario and then applied a cost and a success metric to the results to determine the efficiency of their mechanism. The results show how the authors' narrative approach and success metric combine to provide more efficient and effective analysis of how an access control mechanisms will perform when used in an operational environment. C1 [Adams, William J.] US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Davis, Nathaniel J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adams, WJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM Joe.adams@usma.edu; Nathaniel.Davis@afit.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 978-0-387-73654-9 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2007 VL 238 BP 91 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGR57 UT WOS:000250108200007 ER PT B AU Baum, CE AF Baum, C. E. BE Sabath, F Mokole, EL Schenk, U Nitsch, D TI Axial backscattering from a wide angular sector SO Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUL, 2004 CL Magdeburg, GERMANY AB A perfectly conducting angular sector is a canonical shape for scattering calculations. A previous paper has calculated the axial backscatter from a thin angular sector, obtaining an asymptotic result in the limit of psi -> 0 where psi is the half angle of the angular sector. Using a completely different technique the present paper calculates the axial backscatter for a wide angular sector, asymptotic in the limit as psi -> pi/2. C1 Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), Directed Energy Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-37728-5 PY 2007 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-37731-5_5 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGC67 UT WOS:000246048700005 ER PT B AU Baum, CE AF Baum, C. E. BE Sabath, F Mokole, EL Schenk, U Nitsch, D TI Antenna-aperture synthesis for hyperband SAR antennas SO Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUL, 2004 CL Magdeburg, GERMANY AB This paper introduces an aperture synthesis procedure for producing a desired pulse shape, including the desired frequency spectrum of the pulse. This is accomplished by controlling the time-of-arrival of fields on the aperture plane, thereby synthesizing a delay as a function of radius for the arrival of a stop-function TEM-like wave on the aperture plane. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-37728-5 PY 2007 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-37731-5_24 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGC67 UT WOS:000246048700024 ER PT B AU Bowen, LH Farr, EG Lawry, DI AF Bowen, L. H. Farr, E. G. Lawry, D. I. BE Sabath, F Mokole, EL Schenk, U Nitsch, D TI A dual-polarity impulse radiating antenna SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUL, 2004 CL Magdeburg, GERMANY AB Dual polarity Impulse Radiating Antennas (IRA's) maybe useful in a variety of applications. The dual-polarity IRA described here has an impendence mismatch for each polarity at the focus of the reflector. In spite of this mismatch the antenna characteristics are quite good up to 10 GHz for applications where reflections within the system are not of great importance. C1 [Bowen, L. H.; Farr, E. G.] Farr Res Inc, 614 Paseo Del Mar NE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Lawry, D. I.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Victor, NY USA. RP Bowen, LH (reprint author), Farr Res Inc, 614 Paseo Del Mar NE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Directed Energy Directorate FX We wish to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate, for funding this work. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-37728-5 PY 2007 BP 239 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-37731-5_27 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGC67 UT WOS:000246048700027 ER PT B AU Atchley, LM Farr, EG Bowen, LH Bigelow, WS Wagnon, HJ Ellibee, DE Tran, TC AF Atchley, L. M. Farr, E. G. Bowen, L. H. Bigelow, W. S. Wagnon, H. J. Ellibee, D. E. Tran, T. C. BE Sabath, F Mokole, EL Schenk, U Nitsch, D TI A portable automated time-domain antenna range: The PATAR (TM) system SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUL, 2004 CL Magdeburg, GERMANY AB We characterize here the performance of a time domain antenna range by measuring a number of antennas, comparing the results to frequency domain measurements. Our time domain antenna range consists of a fast pulser and a sampling oscilloscope. We have demonstrated good performance of this range for all types of antennas (resonant and non-resonant) that operate between 900 MHz and 20 GHz. Furthermore, if the antenna is non-resonant, then good performance is observed as low as 200 MHz. Finally, it seems likely that by using a longer time window we can extend below 900 MHz the bandwidth of the antenna range for resonant antennas. C1 [Atchley, L. M.; Farr, E. G.; Bowen, L. H.; Bigelow, W. S.; Wagnon, H. J.; Ellibee, D. E.] Farr Res Inc, 614 Paseo Del Mar, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Tran, T. C.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Atchley, LM (reprint author), Farr Res Inc, 614 Paseo Del Mar, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-37728-5 PY 2007 BP 258 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-37731-5_29 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGC67 UT WOS:000246048700029 ER PT B AU Jang, S Sarkar, TK Salazar-Palma, A Baum, CE AF Jang, S. Sarkar, T. K. Salazar-Palma, A. Baum, C. E. BE Sabath, F Mokole, EL Schenk, U Nitsch, D TI Exploiting noisy early time response using the half Fourier transform SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUL, 2004 CL Magdeburg, GERMANY AB We present anew technique for estimating the parameters of damped sinusoids utilizing both early and late time transient scattering data contaminated by noise. Transient scattering responses are composed of damped sinusoids at late times and impulse-like components at early times. In this study the entire noisy time domain response is used to extract the signal parameters of interest. The half Fourier transform (HFT) is used to analyze the data for parameter identification. Impulse or Gaussian-like pulses can be easily separated from the damped exponentials in the HFT domain, as they have similar functional representations. Results from several examples show that the new technique is applicable for noisy signals that are composed of damped exponentials and pulse-like components. C1 [Jang, S.; Sarkar, T. K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 121 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Salazar-Palma, A.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Senales Sistemas & Radiocomunicac, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Baum, C. E.] AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Jang, S (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 121 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RI Salazar Palma, Magdalena/C-4447-2015 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AirForce Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, NewMexico. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-37728-5 PY 2007 BP 667 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-37731-5_71 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGC67 UT WOS:000246048700071 ER PT B AU Baum, CE AF Baum, C. E. BE Sabath, F Mokole, EL Schenk, U Nitsch, D TI Substructure SEM SO Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUL, 2004 CL Magdeburg, GERMANY ID SINGULARITY EXPANSION METHOD AB This paper discusses the problem of separating out the response of substructures on larger bodies from the full-body resonances, which explicitly appear in the singularity expansion method (SEM). In some cases one can formulate the substructure scattering as a perturbation on the larger body viewed locally as a perfectly conducting plane. One can also separate the substructure resonances in the data processing. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-37728-5 PY 2007 BP 681 EP 689 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-37731-5_72 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGC67 UT WOS:000246048700072 ER PT B AU Pascoe, KJ Wood, WD AF Pascoe, Kenneth J. Wood, William D. BE Sabath, F Mokole, EL Schenk, U Nitsch, D TI Pole estimation for target recognition via late time scattering SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUL, 2004 CL Magdeburg, GERMANY ID SINGULARITY EXPANSION METHOD; MATRIX PENCIL METHOD; PARAMETERS; NOISE AB Since the development of the singularity expansion method (SEM), several authors have attempted to identify targets via their SEM parameters. Many of these techniques require estimate of the poles of all modes that contribute significantly to the late time scattered signal. In this paper we describe a new pole estimation algorithm for target recognition. The new algorithm is compared to existing pole estimation algorithms, and estimation results are shown. C1 [Pascoe, Kenneth J.] Air Force Res Lab, Kenneth Pascoe, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pascoe, KJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kenneth Pascoe, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-37728-5 PY 2007 BP 699 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-37731-5_74 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGC67 UT WOS:000246048700074 ER PT B AU Farr, EG Atchley, LM Ellibee, DE Lawry, DI AF Farr, Everett G. Atchley, Lanney M. Ellibee, Donald E. Lawry, Dean I. BE Sabath, F Mokole, EL Schenk, U Nitsch, D TI A high-voltage UWB coupled-line directional coupler for radar SO ULTRA-WIDEBAND, SHORT-PULSE ELECTROMAGNETICS 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics CY JUL, 2004 CL Magdeburg, GERMANY AB The simplest method of building ultra-wideband (UWB) radar systems requires two antennas, one each for transmission and reception. To save space, it would be preferable to use a single antenna, so a UWB, high-voltage directional coupler is needed. In support of that goal, we develop here coupled-line directional couplers. We begin by describing the time-domain theory of operation of such couplers, and we optimize the impedances for maximum return signal. We then design, build and test two versions of high-voltage coupled-line directional couplers. We incorporate the directional couplers into a low-voltage UWB radar system, and we observe scattering back from a corner reflector. We identify possible improvements to the directional couplers and the UWB radar system. C1 [Farr, Everett G.; Atchley, Lanney M.; Ellibee, Donald E.] Farr Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Lawry, Dean I.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Farr, EG (reprint author), Farr Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-37728-5 PY 2007 BP 841 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-37731-5_88 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGC67 UT WOS:000246048700088 ER PT S AU Phillips, JD Cain, SC AF Phillips, James D. Cain, Stephen C. BE Dolne, JJ Gamiz, VL Idell, PS TI Image synthesis from a series of coherent frames of pupil intensity - art. no. 671207 SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging III CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE LADAR; deconvolution; correlography; phase retrieval ID OBJECT AB Since it is known that the aperture of an imaging system limits spatial its resolution, it is desirable to form larger apertures. By taking advantage of the coherence properties of laser light, it is possible to form an optical synthetic aperture array from many smaller, monolithic apertures. By doing this, one can expect to obtain higher spatial resolution than from existing monolithic apertures. Since it is difficult to recover absolute phase of an optical field, it is desirable to form the synthetic aperture without interfering the light from the sub-apertures. This paper demonstrates a method of forming images using pupil plane intensity measurements of coherently illuminated scenes; a low resolution image will also be used to supply a starting estimate for the algortihm. From this data model. a maximum likelihood estimator is formed. C1 [Phillips, James D.; Cain, Stephen C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Phillips, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6860-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6712 BP 71207 EP 71207 DI 10.1117/12.727198 PG 12 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHD58 UT WOS:000252350900004 ER PT J AU Duplessis, CA Miller, JC Crepeau, LJ Osborn, CM Dyche, J AF Duplessis, C. A. Miller, J. C. Crepeau, L. J. Osborn, C. M. Dyche, J. TI Submarine watch schedules: Underway evaluation of rotating (contemporary) and compressed (alternative) schedules. SO UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SHIFT WORKERS; SLEEP; HEALTH; CHRONOBIOLOGY; CANCER; LIGHT AB INTRODUCTION With a desire to increase health, cognitive performance effectiveness, and quality of life for submarine watch-standers underway, we performed an evaluation comparing an alternative, compressed-work (ALT) schedule, designed to enhance circadian rhythm entrainment and sleep hygiene, to the contemporary submarine (SUB) forward rotating schedule, aboard the ballistic-missile submarine, USS Henry M. Jackson (SSBN-730 Gold). METHODS We assessed a compressed close-6 watch-schedule ("ALT") relative to the existing backward rotating 6-hr on, 12-hr off 18-hr watch schedule ("SUB") employed underway aboard submarines. We monitored 40 subjects' sleep, and temperature and salivary cortisol from 10 of the 40 for approximately two weeks on each respective schedule underway. RESULTS The cortisol cosinor mesors (midline estimating statistic of rhythm), and amplitudes did not differ significantly between conditions. The temperature cosinor mesors, and the cosinor amplitude were not significantly different, while the cosine curve fit accounted for significantly more variance in the ALT condition than in the SUB condition. The SUB schedule garnered significantly more sleep (7.1 +/- 0.2 hours) than that of the ALTMID schedule (6.3 +/- 0.3 hours). Surveys revealed that 52% of respondents preferred the SUB schedule, 15% preferred the ALT, and 33% were either indifferent or submitted uninterpretable surveys. CONCLUSIONS The ALT schedule was not superior to the existing SUB schedule by physiological or subjective measures and was incompatible to accommodating operational constraints. C1 Naval Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Duplessis, CA (reprint author), Naval Submarine Med Res Lab, Groton, CT USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOC INC PI DUNKIRK PA 10020 SOUTHER MARYLAND BLVD, PO BOX 1020, DUNKIRK, MD 20754-1020 USA SN 1066-2936 J9 UNDERSEA HYPERBAR M JI Undersea Hyperb. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 142TM UT WOS:000244673000006 PM 17393936 ER PT B AU Sorensen, B Riess, J Allely, E AF Sorensen, Barbara Riess, Judith Allely, Eric BE Stephanidis, C TI Distributive medical management system SO UNIVERSAL ACCESS IN HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION: APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction held at the HCI International 2007 CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP ICS FORTH, Human Comp Interact Lab DE first responder; medical skills training; training management; remote treatment AB Medical readiness has become a critical concern world wide. Threats across diverse operation environments, coupled with critical voids in both medical management and medical skills has made the development of new training and management tools and operational assessment methods for first-responders a high priority across global communities. That first response role incorporates a broad array of individuals providing field-based emergency medical services. As recently observed during and after the Asian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina disaster in the United States, critical technological tools and training resources were not available to ensure that the involved first responders had pertinent information available to them to properly do their jobs. The deficiencies must be rectified in order to insure rapid response to natural and man made disasters. Tools that distribute knowledge to aid a range of first responders in evaluating a medical situation, guide them in the uniform collection and reporting of critical information and provide telemedicine clinical reach back to medical experts are essential components of today's medical preparedness. The Distributive Medical Curricula Architecture (DMCA) is designed to provide access to "just-in-time" training and streamline assessment and management of remote medical situations across military and civilian environments nationally and internationally. C1 [Sorensen, Barbara] USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Sorensen, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. EM Barbara.sorensen@mesa.afmc.af.mil; education-trainingsolutions@cox.net; Eric@allely.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-73282-2 PY 2007 BP 979 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Education & Educational Research; Engineering, Industrial; Psychology, Social; Sociology SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Psychology; Sociology GA BGL82 UT WOS:000248239000106 ER PT J AU Cespedes, RD AF Cespedes, R. Duane TI Recovery of detrusor function after urethral botulinum A toxin injection in patients with idiopathic low detrusor contractility and voiding dysfunction - Editorial comment SO UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD JAN PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1 BP 61 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2006.10.046 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 134WH UT WOS:000244114600019 ER PT B AU Luzanov, Y Howlett, T AF Luzanov, Yuriy Howlett, Todd BE Ranchordas, AK Araujo, H Vitria, J TI Real-time template based tracking with global motion compensation in UAv video SO VISAPP 2007: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications, Volume IU/MTSV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications CY MAR 08-11, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Inst Syst & Technologies Informat, Control & Commun, Comp Vis Ctr DE Kalman filter; frame alignment; target tracking; UAV video AB In this paper we describe a combination of Kalman filter with global motion estimation, between consecutive frames, implemented to improve target tracking in the presence of rapid motions of the camera encountered in human operated UAV based video surveillance systems. The global motion estimation allows to retain the localization of the tracked targets provided by the Kalman filter. The original target template is selected by the operator. SSD error measure is used to find the best match for the template in video frames. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Luzanov, Y (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-972-8865-74-0 PY 2007 BP 515 EP 518 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGR54 UT WOS:000250107900076 ER PT S AU Arnold, DG Stiller, PF AF Arnold, D. Gregory Stiller, Peter F. BE Chen, CW Schonfeld, D Luo, J TI Mathematical aspects of shape analysis for object recognition - art. no. 65080E SO Visual Communications and Image Processing 2007, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2007 CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA DE shape analysis; object recognition; shape space; generalized weak perspective; affine group; shape coordinates; object-image metric; Riemannian metric ID VISION METRICS AB In this paper we survey some of the mathematical techniques that have led to useful new results in shape analysis and their application to a variety of object recognition tasks. In particular, we will show how these techniques allow one to solve a number of fundamental problems related to object recognition for configurations of point features under a generalized weak perspective model of image formation. Our approach makes use of progress in shape theory and includes the development of object-image equations for shape matching and the exploitation of shape space metrices (especially object-image metrics) to measure matching up to certain transformations. This theory is built on advanced mathematical techniques from algebraic and differential geometry which are used to construct generalized shape spaces for various projection and sensor models. That construction in turn is used to find natural metrics that express the distance (geometric difference) between two configurations of object features, two configurations of image features, or an object and an image pair. Such metrics are believed to produce the most robust tests for object identification; at least as far as the object's geometry is concerned. Moreover, these metrics provide a basis for efficient hashing schemes to do identification quickly, and they provide a rigorous foundation for error and statistical analysis in any recognition system. The most important feature of a shape theoretic approach is that all of the matching tests and metrics are independent of the choice of coordinates used to express the feature locations on the object or in the image. In addition, the approach is independent of the camera/sensor position and any camera/sensor parameters. Finally, the method is also independent of object pose or image orientation. This is what makes the results so powerful. C1 SNAT, AFRL, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Arnold, DG (reprint author), SNAT, AFRL, Air Force Res Lab, Bldg 620 2241 Avionics Circle, Dayton, OH USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6621-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6508 BP E5080 EP E5080 AR 65080E DI 10.1117/12.707255 PG 12 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGG55 UT WOS:000246683000065 ER PT S AU Fickus, M Seetharaman, GS Oxley, ME AF Fickus, Matthew Seetharaman, Guna S. Oxley, Mark E. BE VanDeVille, D Goyal, VK Papadakis, M TI Multiscale moment transforms over the integer lattice - art. no. 67011N SO WAVELETS XII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wavelets XII CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE multiscale; moment; Harris; rotation; discrete ID IMAGES AB Multiscale moment-based transformations, Such as the multiscale Harris corner point detector, have been used in image processing applications for several years. Typically, such transforms are used to identify objects-of-interest in a given image, which, in turn, facilitate target tracking and registration. Though these transforms are usually applied to digitally sampled images, many of their properties were previously only known to hold for images over continuous domains. We prove that many of these properties indeed generalize to images over discrete domains. In particular, after introducing a mathematically well-behaved method for rotating an image over the two-dimensional integer lattice, we show that this rotation commutes with the moment-based transform in the expected manner. C1 [Fickus, Matthew; Oxley, Mark E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6849-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6701 BP N7011 EP N7011 DI 10.1117/12.730819 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHC85 UT WOS:000252227400051 ER PT S AU Perschbacher, TA Hostutler, DA Shay, TM AF Perschbacher, Ty A. Hostutler, David A. Shay, T. M. BE Schuocker, D TI High-efficiency diode-pumped rubidium laser: Experimental results - art. no. 634607 SO XVI International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Gmunden, AUSTRIA SP Vienna Univ Technol, Argelas-Austrian Laser Assoc, Bundesminist Verkehr Innovat & Technol, Schoellerbank-Die Privatbank Iher Nahe, USA Force Res Lav, Air Force Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Blue Danube Airport Linz, Osterreich Gesell Technol, Reg Traunsee, Fronius Int GmbH, Rofin-Sinar Laser GmbH, Trotec Produkt-u Vertriebs GmbH, Trumpf Masch Austria GmbH & Co KG, Erste Bank, Swarovski Opt, European Opt Soc DE diode-pumped; rubidium laser; DPAL ID VAPOR LASER; CESIUM AB A diode-pumped rubidium laser with an optical slope efficiency of 69% has been constructed. This study utilized a narrow-line diode laser pump source for the experiments. The trade space study included optimization of various parameters such as lasing cell composition, temperature, and output coupler reflectivities. The results of the experimental study are given. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Direct Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Perschbacher, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Direct Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6430-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6346 BP 34607 EP 34607 AR 634607 DI 10.1117/12.737147 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGL40 UT WOS:000248189400006 ER PT S AU Madden, TJ AF Madden, Timothy J. BE Schuocker, D TI Time developing, 3-D simulation of chemical oxygen-iodine lasers (COILs) - art. no. 634620 SO XVI International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Gmunden, AUSTRIA SP Vienna Univ Technol, Argelas-Austrian Laser Assoc, Bundesminist Verkehr Innovat & Technol, Schoellerbank-Die Privatbank Iher Nahe, USA Force Res Lav, Air Force Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Blue Danube Airport Linz, Osterreich Gesell Technol, Reg Traunsee, Fronius Int GmbH, Rofin-Sinar Laser GmbH, Trotec Produkt-u Vertriebs GmbH, Trumpf Masch Austria GmbH & Co KG, Erste Bank, Swarovski Opt, European Opt Soc DE chemical oxygen-iodine laser; COIL; computational fluid dynamics; unsteady flow; line broadening AB A theoretical model for the chemically reacting flow within a chemical laser is employed to conduct 3-D simulations of the laser flowfield for operational conditions. Issues regarding flow unsteadiness are explored in light of their impact on the optical field to gas coupling. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Madden, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6430-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6346 BP 34620 EP 34620 AR 634620 DI 10.1117/12.738867 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGL40 UT WOS:000248189400071 ER PT S AU Hewett, KB McCord, JE Gupta, M Owano, T AF Hewett, Kevin B. McCord, John E. Gupta, Manish Owano, Thomas BE Schuocker, D TI Measuring the yield of singlet oxygen in a chemical oxygen iodine laser - art. no. 63460E SO XVI International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers CY SEP 04-08, 2006 CL Gmunden, AUSTRIA SP Vienna Univ Technol, Argelas-Austrian Laser Assoc, Bundesminist Verkehr Innovat & Technol, Schoellerbank-Die Privatbank Iher Nahe, USA Force Res Lav, Air Force Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Blue Danube Airport Linz, Osterreich Gesell Technol, Reg Traunsee, Fronius Int GmbH, Rofin-Sinar Laser GmbH, Trotec Produkt-u Vertriebs GmbH, Trumpf Masch Austria GmbH & Co KG, Erste Bank, Swarovski Opt, European Opt Soc DE COIL laser; singlet oxygen yield AB A critical parameter for understanding the performance of Chemical Oxygen Iodine Lasers is the yield of singlet oxygen produced by the generator. Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (Off-Axis ICOS) has been utilized to measure the absolute density of both ground-state and singlet oxygen in the cavity of a COIL laser. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Gas Lasers Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hewett, KB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, High Power Gas Lasers Branch, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6430-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6346 BP E3460 EP E3460 AR 63460E DI 10.1117/12.737178 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGL40 UT WOS:000248189400013 ER PT J AU Kelley, MC de la Beaujardiere, O Retterer, J Makela, JJ AF Kelley, MC de la Beaujardiere, O Retterer, J Makela, JJ TI Introduction to special section on Communications/Navigation Forecasting System: A next step in space weather SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kelley, MC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mikek@ece.cornell.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 3 IS 12 AR S12C01 DI 10.1029/2005SW000189 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 022AX UT WOS:000236028100001 ER PT J AU Retterer, JM AF Retterer, JM TI Physics-based forecasts of equatorial radio scintillation for the Communication and Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F; EMPIRICAL-MODELS; REGION; IONOSPHERE; SATELLITES; WINDS; FIELD AB [1] The plans for producing long-term (6-24 hour) forecasts of equatorial plasma structure and radio scintillation for the Communication and Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) program are described. We discuss the calculations and computer models required to represent the physics of the phenomena pertinent to the C/NOFS mission. We describe the means by which the models will be integrated into a system that ingests satellite data and provides forecast maps. The plans for validation of the calculations are outlined briefly, with a few sample results. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Retterer, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM john.retterer@hanscom.af.mil NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 3 IS 12 AR S12C03 DI 10.1029/2005SW000146 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 022AX UT WOS:000236028100003 ER PT J AU Choi, JY Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Choi, Ja-Young Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Self-controlled synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ether ketone)s from A(3)+B-2 approach via different solubilities of monomers in the reaction medium SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; AROMATIC POLYAMIDE; A(2)+B-3 APPROACH; TRIMESIC ACID; POLYMERS; POLYMERIZATION; POLYCONDENSATION; POLYIMIDES; NANOFIBERS; DENDRIMERS AB Hyperbranched poly(ether ketone)s (PEK's) were synthesized via A(3) + B-2 polymerization approach without forming cross-linked products, because the polymer-forming process based on Friedel-Crafts reaction was kinetically controlled by the solubility difference of monomers in the viscous hydrophilic reaction medium, poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA)/phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5). The hydrophilic trimesic acid as an A(3) monomer is soluble in the reaction medium, while hydrophobic diphenyl ether and 1,4-diphenoxybenzene as B-2 monomers are marginally soluble. It is hypothesized that the gelation was avoided because of the following two factors: (i) self-regulated feeding of the arylether monomers into the system driven by their poor solubility and phase separation from PPA/P2O5 medium; (ii) reaction-medium-induced isolation of growing macromolecules promoted by the high bulk viscosity. Both polymerization experiments based on equimolar or equifunctional stoichiometry (A(3):B-2) resulted in completely soluble hyperbranched PEK's in polar aprotic solvents when these polymers contained a little amount of solvent residues and only in strong acids if they were rigorously dried. The structural analysis by using MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy in the low molar mass region provided further confirmation that there was no trace of networks; various sizes of cyclics were detected instead. C1 USAF, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBP,Res Lab,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBP,Res Lab,Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 43 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 26 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 26 BP 9057 EP 9063 DI 10.1021/ma0614996 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 118IJ UT WOS:000242935400030 ER PT J AU Cooper, TM Krein, DM Burke, AR McLean, DG Rogers, JE Slagle, JE AF Cooper, Thomas M. Krein, Douglas M. Burke, Aaron R. McLean, Daniel G. Rogers, Joy E. Slagle, Jonathan E. TI Asymmetry in platinum acetylide complexes: Confinement of the triplet exciton to the lowest energy ligand SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; RADIATIONLESS TRANSITIONS; PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; PHENYLACETYLENE; OLIGOMERS; SINGLET; SERIES; STATE; DIPHENYLACETYLENE; PHOSPHORESCENCE AB To determine structure-optical property relationships in asymmetric platinum acetylide complexes, we synthesized the compounds trans-Pt(PBu3)(2)( C CC6H5)(C C-C6H4-C CC6H5) (PE1-2), trans-Pt(PBu3)(2-)( C CC6H5)(C C-C6H4-C C-C6H4-C CC6H5) (PE1-3) and trans-Pt(PBu3)(2)(C C-C6H4-C CC6H5)( C C-C6H4-C C-C6H4-C CC6H5) (PE2-3) that have different ligands on either side of the platinum and compared their spectroscopic properties to the symmetrical compounds PE1, PE2 and PE3. We measured ground state absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence and triplet state absorption spectra and performed density functional theory ( DFT) calculations of frontier orbitals, lowest lying singlet states, triplet state geometries and energies. The absorption and emission spectra give evidence the singlet exciton is delocalized across the central platinum atom. The phosphorescence from the asymmetric complexes comes from the largest ligand. Time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations show the S-1 state has mostly highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) -> lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) character, with the LUMO delocalized over the chromophore. In the asymmetric chromophores, the LUMO resides on the larger ligand, suggesting the S-1 state has interligand charge transfer character. The triplet state geometries obtained from the DFT calculations show distortion on the lowest energy ligand, whereas the other ligand has the ground state geometry. The calculated trend in the triplet state energies agrees very well with the experimental trend. Calculations of triplet state spin density also show the triplet exciton is confined to one ligand. In the asymmetric complexes the spin density is confined to the largest ligand. The results show Kasha's rule applies to these complexes, where the triplet exciton moves to the lowest energy ligand. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. SAIC, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AT&T Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. RP Cooper, TM (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Cooper@wpafb.af.mil NR 41 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 21 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 50 BP 13370 EP 13378 DI 10.1021/jp0654516 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 116TS UT WOS:000242826600004 PM 17165861 ER PT J AU Morales-Calderon, M Stauffer, JR Kirkpatrick, JD Carey, S Gelino, CR Navascues, DBY Rebull, L Lowrance, P Marley, MS Charbonneau, D Patten, BM Megeath, ST Buzasi, D AF Morales-Calderon, M. Stauffer, J. R. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy Carey, S. Gelino, C. R. Navascues, D. Barrado y Rebull, L. Lowrance, P. Marley, M. S. Charbonneau, D. Patten, B. M. Megeath, S. T. Buzasi, D. TI A sensitive search for variability in late L dwarfs: The quest for weather SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : individual (DENIS-P J0255-4700, 2MASS J0908+5032; 2MASS J2244+2043); stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : variables : other ID TIME-SERIES OBSERVATIONS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; BROWN DWARFS; T-DWARFS; PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY; BAND VARIABILITY; COOL DWARFS; TRANSITION AB We have conducted a photometric monitoring program of three field late L brown dwarfs (DENIS-P J0255-4700, 2MASS J0908+5032, and 2MASS J2244+2043) looking for evidence of nonaxisymmetric structure or temporal variability in their photospheres. The observations were performed using Spitzer IRAC 4.5 and 8 mu m bandpasses and were designed to cover at least one rotational period of each object; 1 sigma rms uncertainties of less than 3 mmag at 4.5 mu m and around 9 mmag at 8 mu m were achieved. Two out of the three objects studied exhibit some modulation in their light curves at 4.5 mu m-but not 8 mu m-with periods of 7.4 hr (DENIS 0255) and 4.6 hr (2MA 2244) and peak-to-peak amplitudes of 10 and 8 mmag. Although the lack of detectable 8 mu m variation suggests an instrumental origin for the detected variations, the data may nevertheless still be consistent with intrinsic variability, since the shorter wavelength IRAC bandpasses probe more deeply into late L dwarf atmospheres than the longer wavelengths. A cloud feature occupying a small percentage (1%-2%) of the visible hemisphere could account for the observed amplitude of variation. If, instead, the variability is indeed instrumental in origin, then our nonvariable L dwarfs could be either completely covered with clouds or objects whose clouds are smaller and uniformly distributed. Such scenarios would lead to very small photometric variations. Follow-up IRAC photometry at 3.6 and 5.8 mu m bandpasses should distinguish between the two cases. In any event, the present observations provide the most sensitive search to date for structure in the photospheres of late L dwarfs at mid-IR wavelengths, and our photometry provides stringent upper limits to the extent to which the photospheres of these transition L dwarfs are structured. C1 INTA, LAEFF, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Morales-Calderon, M (reprint author), INTA, LAEFF, POB 50727, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. EM mariamc@laeff.inta.es RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; Barrado Navascues, David/C-1439-2017; Morales-Calderon, Maria/C-8384-2017; OI Barrado Navascues, David/0000-0002-5971-9242; Morales-Calderon, Maria/0000-0001-9526-9499; Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X NR 36 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 653 IS 2 BP 1454 EP 1463 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118PW UT WOS:000242955200052 ER PT J AU Pan, E Roy, AK AF Pan, E. Roy, A. K. TI A simple plane-strain solution for functionally graded multilayered isotropic cylinders SO STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE elasticity; analytical solution; micromechanics; functionally graded material; fiber/matrix bond; effective modulus; three-phase cylinder ID ELASTIC-MATERIALS; MODULI AB A simple plane-strain solution is derived in this paper for the functionally graded multilayered isotropic elastic cylinder under static deformation. The solution is obtained using method of separation of variables and is expressed in terms of the summation of the Fourier series in the circumferential direction. While the solution for order n = 0 corresponds to the axisymmetric deformation, that for n = 2 includes the special deformation frequently utilized in the upper and lower bounds analysis. Numerical results for a three-phase cylinder with a middle functionally graded layer are presented for both axisymmetric (n = 0) and general (n = 2) deformations, under either the traction or displacement boundary conditions on the surface of the layered cylinder. The solution to the general deformation case (n = 2) is further utilized for the first time to find the upper and lower bounds of the effective shear modulus of the layered, cylinder with a functionally graded middle layer. These results could be useful in the future study of cylindrical composites where FGMs and/or multilayers are involved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu; Ajit.Roy@wpafb.af.mil RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU TECHNO-PRESS PI DAEJEON PA PO BOX 33, YUSEONG, DAEJEON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1225-4568 J9 STRUCT ENG MECH JI Struct. Eng. Mech. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 BP 727 EP 740 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 104FD UT WOS:000241941000006 ER PT J AU Jones, JG Muratore, C Waite, AR Voevodin, AA AF Jones, J. G. Muratore, C. Waite, A. R. Voevodin, A. A. TI Plasma diagnostics of hybrid magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY MAY 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE magnetron sputtering; pulsed laser deposition; synchronization; plasma; film growth ID CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; COATINGS; DISCHARGE AB This paper investigates the use of advanced triggering to synchronize a pulsed laser ablated plasma from a ceramic target with a pulsed DC sputtering plasma from a metal target for the purposes of depositing nanocomposite thin-films at low substrate temperatures. A digital oscilloscope and a programmable delay generator were used to prescribe the synchronization time of the two plasmas and frequency of discharge of the laser. Films were grown with different times of synchronization and subsequently characterized using X-ray diffraction and XPS. A multichannel analyzer was used to monitor the plasma emissions to determine spatial evolution of the synchronized pulsed plasma and a spectrometer was used to determine if additional spectra were generated through the interaction of the two plasmas. The studies did not show a clear presence of a new chemical compound formed in the hybrid plasma, but indicated an enhancement of the laser ablated plasma excitation in the presence of pulsed magnetron plasma process. This additional plasma excitation occurred at certain timing of the two pulsed plasma sources and was used to produce a Zr(Y)O-2/Mo film containing crystalline ZrO2- Present results indicate that crystalline ceramic films can be deposited at low substrate temperature in which the film crystallinity is enhanced based on the synchronization timing. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jones, JG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.jones@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 201 IS 7 BP 4040 EP 4045 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.096 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 121HW UT WOS:000243149700042 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Voevodin, AA AF Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. TI Molybdenum disulfide as a lubricant and catalyst in adaptive nanocomposite coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY MAY 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE adaptive coating; high temperature; molybdenum disulfide; tribology ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE COATINGS; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; SILVER; FILMS; GOLD; AG AB Nanocomposite YSZ-Ag-Mo-MoS2 coatings with different MoS2 additions (0-100 at.%) were deposited with a hybrid pulsed laser/magnetron sputtering/filtered cathodic arc process. Wear testing was performed from 25 to 700 degrees C for each of the coatings. Electron microscopy and other characterization techniques were used to examine the surfaces and wear tracks of the coatings and to determine the mechanisms resulting in the measured tribological properties. Adaptive coatings containing 8 at.% MoS2 demonstrated a friction coefficient of 0.2 throughout the temperature range examined here, compared to 0.4 for YSZ-Ag-Mo with no MoS2. Characterization of the YSZ-Ag-Mo-8% MoS2 coating revealed that MoS2 and silver provided lubrication at temperatures <= 300 degrees C, while silver molybdate phases and MoO3 were effective lubricants at higher temperatures. Silver molybdate was not observed in the coatings containing 0% MoS2. The role of sulfur in the formation of silver molybdate is briefly discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, UTC Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate,AFRL,MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, UTC Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate,AFRL,MLBT, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil; andrey.voevodin@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 26 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 201 IS 7 BP 4125 EP 4130 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.014 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 121HW UT WOS:000243149700057 ER PT J AU Baker, CC Hu, JJ Voevodin, AA AF Baker, C. C. Hu, J. J. Voevodin, A. A. TI Preparation of Al2O3/DLC/Au/MoS2 chameleon coatings for space and ambient environments SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY MAY 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE nanocomposite; coatings; tribology; aerospace ID NANOCOMPOSITE TRIBOLOGICAL COATINGS; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; SURFACE ADAPTATION; FILMS; WEAR; HARD; LUBRICATION; FRICTION; PHASE AB We have investigated the tribological properties of nanocomposite "chameleon" coatings, which adapt their low friction behavior with the surrounding environmental humidity and temperature. The material system of interest included alumina (Al2O3) in an An matrix with diamondlike carbon (DLC) and MoS2 nanoparticle inclusions. The coating design included formation of nanocrystalline hard oxide particles for wear resistance, embedding them into an amorphous matrix for toughness enhancement, and inclusion of nanocrystalline and/or amorphous solid lubricants for friction adaptation to different environments. Chemical analysis was used to ascertain a correlation between chemical bonding of species and frictional properties. Friction measurements were studied in cycling between humid air and dry nitrogen conditions at room temperature and during heating in air to 500 degrees C. It was observed that both graphitic carbon and MoS2 worked together to give low friction in variable humidity environment, while Au was valuable for a low friction at elevated temperatures. Friction coefficients were found to be 0.02-0.03 in dry nitrogen, 0.1-0.15 in humid air, and 0.1 in air at 500 degrees C. Thus the tribological property results have shown that the system provides "chameleon" type adaptation behavior in different environments relevant for aerospace systems. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baker, CC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ccbaker@unity.ncsu.edu; andrey.voevodin@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015 NR 21 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 201 IS 7 BP 4224 EP 4229 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.067 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 121HW UT WOS:000243149700076 ER PT J AU Voevodin, AA Zabinski, JS AF Voevodin, A. A. Zabinski, J. S. TI Laser surface texturing for adaptive solid lubrication SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE laser surface texturing; hard coating; solid lubricant; low friction; environment adaptation ID TRIBOLOGICAL COATINGS; CARBON-FILMS; FRICTION; MOS2; WEAR; ADAPTATION; SYSTEMS; SB2O3 AB Solid lubricant systems were developed to provide friction and wear reduction in variable environmental conditions. The mechanisms employed to achieve cross-environment capability include "on demand" solid lubricant supply from reservoirs in hard wear protective coatings. This research explores recent advances in a precision laser machining to generate arrays of micrometer sized dimple reservoirs with controlled size, location, and density. These micro-reservoirs were machined by a focused UV laser beam on the surface of hard TiCN coatings produced by a cathodic vacuum arc deposition. Different dimple diameters and spacing were used to achieve area coverage with micro-reservoirs between 0.5% and 50% of the entire tribological contact surface. Solid lubricants based on MoS(2) and graphite were then applied by burnishing and sputtering to such laser textured surfaces. Sliding friction tests were performed against steel balls in humid air and dry nitrogen environments. The results indicate that there is an optimum dimple surface coverage of about 10%. The life of the solid lubricants on dimpled surfaces was an order of magnitude longer than on the unmodified TiCN coating surface. The laser-processed micro-reservoirs also helped to renew lubricant supply for tests with multiple cycling between humid air and dry nitrogen. Tribological surface adaptation to the test environment was investigated by micro-Raman, which demonstrated a repeated change from hexagonal MoS(2) to graphite carbon in the wear track with each dry/humid environment cycle. Solid lubricant composition inside the micro-reservoirs did not change. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, MLBT, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, MLBT, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrey.voevodin@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 23 TC 113 Z9 123 U1 9 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 261 IS 11-12 BP 1285 EP 1292 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2006.03.013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 116HO UT WOS:000242793300014 ER PT J AU Park, SY Chang, YJ Farmer, BL AF Park, Soo-Young Chang, Yun-Jeong Farmer, B. L. TI Study of the ordered structures of poly(styrene-b-vinyl4pyridine) in a solution state by using small-angle X-ray scattering and generalized indirect Fourier transform SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMER SOLUTIONS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; INTERACTING PARTICLES; CUBIC PHASES; MICELLES; TRANSITIONS; SOLVENTS; SPHERE AB The structures of the mesophases and their subunits (micelles) of poly(styrene-b-vinyl4pyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) in a toluene solution were studied by using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and generalized indirect Fourier transform (GIFT) methods. The structures of PS-b-P4VP, such as the individual micelle, the face-centered cubic (fcc) and body-centered cubic (bcc), and the lamellar, were identified. The SAXS from the PS-b-P4VP solution showed a good contrast for the micelle, even in a low concentration of 0.25 wt %. As the concentration increases, the fcc and both fcc and bcc appear for the packing of the micelles of PS(3.3K)-bP4VP(4.7K) and PS(12K)-b-P4VP(11.8K), respectively. The lamellar structure was also identified, with a further increase in the concentration for PS(3.3K)-b-P4VP(4.7K). These structures were also identified via TEM images. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, 1370 Sangyuk Dong, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM psy@knu.ac.kr NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 26 BP 11369 EP 11375 DI 10.1021/la0617614 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 115ZB UT WOS:000242771200077 PM 17154627 ER PT J AU Giles, NC Xu, CC Callahan, MJ Wang, BG Neal, JS Boatner, LA AF Giles, N. C. Xu, Chunchuan Callahan, M. J. Wang, Buguo Neal, J. S. Boatner, L. A. TI Effects of phonon coupling and free carriers on band-edge emission at room temperature in n-type ZnO crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION-ENERGY; ZINC-OXIDE; ACCEPTORS AB Room-temperature photoluminescence has been studied in n-type bulk ZnO crystals representing three different growth methods and having free-carrier concentrations (n) ranging from 10(13) to 10(18) cm(-3). The near-band-edge emission has both free-exciton and free-exciton-phonon contributions, with the strength of the phonon coupling dependent on sample defect concentrations. Band-gap shrinkage effects are used to explain a decrease in emission energy for the higher n values. Band filling and band nonparabolicity are predicted to be important for n q > 10(19) cm(-3). At 300 K, in the absence of free carriers, the free-exciton energy is 3.312 +/- 0.004 eV. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Giles, NC (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, 27-2 Wright Rd, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. EM nancy.giles@mail.wvu.edu RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Neal, John/R-8203-2016 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Neal, John/0000-0001-8337-5235 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 25 AR 251906 DI 10.1063/1.2410225 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 125AZ UT WOS:000243415200030 ER PT J AU Lucht, RP Roy, S Meyer, TR Gord, JR AF Lucht, Robert P. Roy, Sukesh Meyer, Terrence R. Gord, James R. TI Femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering measurement of gas temperatures from frequency-spread dephasing of the Raman coherence SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARS; SPECTROSCOPY; THERMOMETRY AB Gas-phase temperatures and concentrations are measured from the magnitude and decay of the initial Raman coherence in femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). A time-delayed probe beam is scattered from the Raman polarization induced by pump and Stokes beams to generate CARS signal; the dephasing rate of this initial coherence is determined by the temperature-sensitive frequency spread of the Raman transitions. Temperature is measured from the CARS signal decrease with increasing probe delay. Concentration is found from the ratio of the CARS and nonresonant background signals. Collision rates do not affect the determination of these quantities. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucht, RP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lucht@purdue.edu RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 12 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 25 AR 251112 DI 10.1063/1.2410237 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 125AZ UT WOS:000243415200012 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Mahalingam, K Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC Ullrich, B Grazulis, L Elhamri, S Wickett, JC Stokes, DW AF Haugan, H. J. Mahalingam, K. Brown, G. J. Mitchel, W. C. Ullrich, B. Grazulis, L. Elhamri, S. Wickett, J. C. Stokes, D. W. TI Growth of short-period InAs/GaSb superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID II SUPERLATTICES; MIDINFRARED DETECTORS AB The purpose of this work is to explore materials for midinfrared detectors that can operate at room temperature. Shorter-period InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs) have larger intervalance band separations, which are beneficial for reducing Auger recombination and tunneling current, thus making room temperature operation possible. To test these possibilities, several short-period SLs ranging from 50 to 11 A were grown and their morphological properties were carefully monitored by transmission electron microscopy. The effect of structural degradation caused by the period reduction on the optical properties was studied using low-temperature photoluminescence (PL). The samples with larger periods (50-32 A) showed excellent structural qualities and produced narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the PL peak (5 meV). As the period approached 24 A, slight layer thickness undulations within the SLs were observed and these undulations intensified as the period further reduced to 17 A. These structural degradations strongly influence optical properties causing significant broadening in the FWHM and higher residual carrier concentration in the shorter-period SLs. With slower growth rates, samples with periods as thin as 19 A were grown without significant layer undulations. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan@wpafb.afrl.mil NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 12 AR 123110 DI 10.1063/1.2401280 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121LA UT WOS:000243157900010 ER PT J AU Dhanaraj, G Dudley, M Bliss, D Callahan, M Harris, M AF Dhanaraj, G. Dudley, M. Bliss, D. Callahan, M. Harris, M. TI Growth and process induced dislocations in zinc oxide crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE characterization; crystal morphology; defects; growth from solutions; hydrothermal crystal growth; single crystal growth ID HYDROTHERMAL GROWTH; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ZNO AB Zinc oxide crystals were grown using hydrothermal method, and the habit faces were indexed by computing from inter-axial angles of the as grown boules. The dislocation structures were studied using synchrotron white beam X-ray topography. Grown-in dislocations as well as process-induced defects were characterized in the ZnO crystals. Knoop and Vickers micro-hardness were studied on sliced crystal plates. Chemical etching was used to study the dislocations running perpendicular to the wafer. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Dhanaraj, G (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM gdhanaraj@ms.cc.sunysb.edu NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 297 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.09.025 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 122UL UT WOS:000243252500014 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Anderson, KL Farmer, BL AF Pandey, R. B. Anderson, K. L. Farmer, B. L. TI Exfoliation of stacked sheets: Effects of temperature, platelet size, and quality of solvent by a Monte Carlo simulation SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bond-fluctuating sheet; clay platelet; coarse-grained model; exfoliation; Monte Carlo simulation ID AVOIDING TETHERED MEMBRANES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SURFACES AB Can a layer of stacked sheets (coarse grained description of clay platelets) exfoliate in a given solvent? Computer simulations are performed to address this question with a stacked layer of four sheets. A sheet is described by a set of nodes (N) tethered to gether by flexible (fluctuating) bonds in a planar structure with linear scale L-s, N = L-s(2) on a cubic lattice of size L-3. The initial distance between the sheets is small and kept constant for different sets of stacked sheets. Quality of the effective solvent is controlled by a short range interaction (c) between sheets, that is, their nodes and the empty lattice sites (epsilon = -2, -1, 1, 2). Nodes execute stochastic movement with the Metropolis algorithm subject to bond fluctuation and excluded volume constraints. Simulations are also performed at different temperatures. Visual analysis shows that the exfoliation depends on the size of the sheet and temperature. We find that it is easier to exfoliate smaller sheets and that the exfoliation is enhanced by raising the temperature. The exfoliation becomes very slow for large sheets at low temperatures because of longer relaxation times. Exfoliation is enhanced by increasing the attractiveness (i.e., the quality) of the solvent interaction with the platelets. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Corp Res Modeling & Simulat, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 24 BP 3580 EP 3589 DI 10.1002/polb.21013 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 111PY UT WOS:000242467100019 ER PT J AU Fan, L Fallahi, M Hader, J Zakharian, AR Moloney, JV Murray, JT Bedford, R Stolz, W Koch, SW AF Fan, Li Fallahi, Mahmoud Hader, Jorg Zakharian, Aramais R. Moloney, Jerome V. Murray, James T. Bedford, Robert Stolz, Wolfgang Koch, Stephan W. TI Multichip vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers: a coherent power scaling scheme SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We propose an efficient coherent power scaling scheme, the multichip vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL), in which the waste heat generated in the active region is distributed on multi-VECSEL chips such that the pump level at the thermal rollover is significantly increased. The advantages of this laser are discussed, and the development and demonstration of a two-chip VECSEL operating around 970 nm with over 19 W of output power is presented. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Arete Associates, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Fan, L (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lifan@optics.arizona.edu NR 9 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 24 BP 3612 EP 3614 DI 10.1364/OL.31.003612 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 112XD UT WOS:000242560400017 PM 17130920 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Rogers, JE Slagle, JE Day, PN Kannan, R Tan, LS Fleitz, PA Pachter, R AF Nguyen, Kiet A. Rogers, Joy E. Slagle, Jonathan E. Day, Paul N. Kannan, Ramamurthi Tan, Loon-Seng Fleitz, Paul A. Pachter, Ruth TI Effects of conjugation in length and dimension on spectroscopic properties of fluorene-based chromophores from experiment and theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER EXCITATIONS; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; EXCITED-STATES; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ORGANIC CHROMOPHORES; LARGE MOLECULES; ONE-PHOTON; APPROXIMATION AB A series of one-photon absorption spectra for fluorene-based donor-pi-acceptor molecules is presented and spectroscopically assigned, based upon the results obtained from time-dependent density functional theory. The computed excitation energies were generally shown to be in good agreement with experiment, particularly when compared to results from measurements carried out in a nonpolar solvent, which were available for some molecules. The computed oscillator strengths may resolve discordant experimental values in some cases, for example, for AF-380, AF-270, and AF-295. However, a quantitative comparison between computed and observed oscillator strengths is complicated by band overlapping. Thus, the computed extinction coefficients obtained by summing over the Gaussian bands are useful in such cases. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kiet.Nguyen@wpafb.af.mil; Joy.Rogers@wpafb.af.mil; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 48 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 49 BP 13172 EP 13182 DI 10.1021/jp0642645 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 113VK UT WOS:000242625900008 PM 17149830 ER PT J AU Timmons, M Tsokos, M Abu Asab, M Seminara, SB Zirzow, GC Kaneski, CR Heiss, JD van der Knaap, MS Vanier, MT Schiffmann, R Wong, K AF Timmons, M. Tsokos, M. Abu Asab, M. Seminara, S. B. Zirzow, G. C. Kaneski, C. R. Heiss, J. D. van der Knaap, M. S. Vanier, M. T. Schiffmann, R. Wong, K. TI Peripheral and central hypomyelination with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypodontia SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCHWANN-CELLS; ATAXIA AB We identified four unrelated patients (three female, one male) aged 20 to 30 years with hypomyelination, pituitary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and hypodontia. Electron microscopy and myelin protein immunohistochemistry of sural nerves showed granular debris-lined clefts, expanded abaxonal space, outpocketing with vacuolar disruption, and loss of normal myelin periodicity. Reduced galactocerebroside, sphingomyelin, and GM1-N-acetylglucosamine and increased esterified cholesterol were found. This is a clinically homogeneous progressive hypomyelinating disorder. The term 4H syndrome is suggested. C1 NINDS, Dev & Metab Neurol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, Surg Neurol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Pathol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Reprod Endocrine Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Child Neurol, Med Ctr, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Lyon Sud Univ Hosp, Lyon Sud Med Sch, Pierre Benite, France. Lyon Sud Univ Hosp, Fdn Gillet Merieux, Pierre Benite, France. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Neuropathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Schiffmann, R (reprint author), NINDS, Dev & Metab Neurol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 3D03,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rs4e@nih.gov OI Kaneski, Christine/0000-0003-1453-2502 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 NS002984-09]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD043341]; NINDS NIH HHS [Z01 NS002984] NR 10 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD DEC 12 PY 2006 VL 67 IS 11 BP 2066 EP 2069 DI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000247666.28904.35 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 115RG UT WOS:000242750900035 PM 17159124 ER PT J AU Stello, D Arentoft, T Bedding, TR Bouzid, MY Bruntt, H Csubry, Z Dall, TH Dind, ZE Frandsen, S Gilliland, RL Jacob, AP Jensen, HR Kang, YB Kim, SL Kiss, LL Kjeldsen, H Koo, JR Lee, JA Lee, CU Nuspl, J Sterken, C Szabo, R AF Stello, D. Arentoft, T. Bedding, T. R. Bouzid, M. Y. Bruntt, H. Csubry, Z. Dall, T. H. Dind, Z. E. Frandsen, S. Gilliland, R. L. Jacob, A. P. Jensen, H. R. Kang, Y. B. Kim, S. -L. Kiss, L. L. Kjeldsen, H. Koo, J. -R. Lee, J. -A. Lee, C. -U. Nuspl, J. Sterken, C. Szabo, R. TI Multisite campaign on the open cluster M67-I. Observations and photometric reductions SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques : photometric; blue stragglers; stars : oscillations; delta Scuti; stars : variables : other; open clusters and associations : individual : M67 (NGC 2682) ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; RESOLVED CCD PHOTOMETRY; ENSEMBLE PHOTOMETRY; STARS; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; PRECISION; TELESCOPES; VELOCITY AB We report on an ambitious multisite campaign aimed at detecting stellar variability, particularly solar-like oscillations, in the red giant stars in the open cluster M67 (NGC 2682). During the six-week observing run, which comprised 164 telescope nights, we used nine 0.6-m to 2.1-m class telescopes located around the world to obtain uninterrupted time series photometry. We outline here the data acquisition and reduction, with emphasis on the optimization of the signal-to-noise ratio of the low-amplitude (50-500 mu mag) solar-like oscillations. This includes a new and efficient method for obtaining the linearity profile of the CCD response at ultrahigh precision (similar to 10 parts per million). The noise in the final time series is 0.50 mmag per minute integration for the best site, while the noise in the Fourier spectrum of all sites combined is 20 mu mag. In addition to the red giant stars, this data set proves to be very valuable for studying high-amplitude variable stars such as eclipsing binaries, W UMa systems and delta Scuti stars. C1 Aarhus Univ, Inst Fys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Aarhus Univ, Danish Asteroseismol Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Vrije Univ Brussel VIB, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. European So Observ, Santiago 19001 19, Chile. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. Korea Astron & Space Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. RP Stello, D (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Inst Fys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. EM stello@physics.usyd.edu.au RI Kiss, Laszlo/A-2539-2008; OI Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Szabo, Robert/0000-0002-3258-1909; Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2006 VL 373 IS 3 BP 1141 EP 1150 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11060.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 121JC UT WOS:000243152900015 ER PT J AU Shay, TM Benham, V Baker, JT Ward, B Sanchez, AD Culpepper, MA Pilkington, D Spring, J Nelson, DJ Lu, CA AF Shay, T. M. Benham, Vincent Baker, J. T. Ward, Benjamin Sanchez, Anthony D. Culpepper, Mark A. Pilkington, D. Spring, Justin Nelson, Douglas J. Lu, Chunte A. TI First experimental demonstration of self-synchronous phase locking of an optical array SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FIBER LASER ARRAY; BEAM AB A novel, highly accurate, all electronic technique for phase locking arrays of optical fibers is demonstrated. We report the first demonstration of the only electronic phase locking technique that doesn't require a reference beam. The measured phase error lambda/20. Excellent phase locking has been demonstrated for fiber amplifier arrays. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. IIT Ind, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shay, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM tshay@chtm.unm.edu NR 15 TC 127 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 11 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 25 BP 12015 EP 12021 DI 10.1364/OE.14.012015 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 118TJ UT WOS:000242964300014 PM 19529628 ER PT J AU Shay, TM AF Shay, Thomas M. TI Theory of electronically phased coherent beam combination without a reference beam SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FIBER LASER ARRAY AB The first theory for two novel coherent beam combination architectures that are the first electronic beam combination architectures that completely eliminate the need for a separate reference beam are presented. Detailed theoretical models are developed and presented for the first time. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 USAF, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Shay, TM (reprint author), USAF, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM tshay@chtm.unm.edu NR 15 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 11 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 25 BP 12188 EP 12195 DI 10.1364/OE.14.012188 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 118TJ UT WOS:000242964300033 PM 19529647 ER PT J AU Shellhamer, DF Gleason, DC Rodriguez, SJ Heasley, VL Boatz, JA Lehman, JJ AF Shellhamer, Dale F. Gleason, David C. Rodriguez, Sean J. Heasley, Victor L. Boatz, Jerry A. Lehman, Jeffrey J. TI Correlation of calculated halonium ion structures with product distributions from fluorine substituted terminal alkenes SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE halonium ions; symmetry; fluorine substiments; computations ID AB-INITIO; BASIS SET; CONTINUUM; HALOGENS; ETHYLENE; CHLORINE; CATIONS; POTENTIALS; ENERGETICS; SOLVATION AB Calculated equilibrium geometries, bond lengths, and charge densities were performed on halonium ions derived by the addition of halogen electrophiles to fluoro-substituted terminal alkenes. The calculated structures correlate with regiochemical product distributions from ring-opening of halonium ions by anions or by the solvent methanol. Calculated halonium ion structures and the Hammond postulate are utilized to predict the regiochemical product distributions for reactions of halogens with fluoroalkenes that are not investigated experimentally. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Dept Chem, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Grossmont Coll, Dept Chem, El Cajon, CA 92020 USA. RP Shellhamer, DF (reprint author), Point Loma Nazarene Univ, Dept Chem, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM dshellha@ptloma.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD DEC 11 PY 2006 VL 62 IS 50 BP 11608 EP 11617 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.071 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 147JO UT WOS:000244999500007 ER PT J AU Eapen, KC Smallwood, SA Zabinski, JS AF Eapen, Kalathil C. Smallwood, Steven A. Zabinski, Jeffrey S. TI Lubrication of MEMS under vacuum SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEMS; lubrication in vacuum; replenishment; hydrocarbons ID MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; STATIC FRICTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; MOBILE PHASES; CARBON-FILMS; SLIDING-WEAR; SILICON; SPACE; PERFORMANCE; POLYMERS AB The concept of replenishing lubrication provided by a pair of bound/mobile hydrocarbon-based lubricants has been extended to silicon-based MEMS in vacuum (similar to 1.3 x 10(-4) Pa). Several bound/mobile pairs of lubricants were evaluated to study the effects of bound phase end-group and mobile phase chemical functionality towards performance. The bound species studied were derived from I-decanol and 1,1-heptanediol. Mobile phases investigated were, a pentaerythritol ester, a multiply alkylated cyclopentane, Pentizanes, and a polysilane developed for spacecraft application. Lubricant performance was compared with data generated in dry air earlier, and also with fresh Fomblin Zdol((R)) under identical conditions of vacuum. The best performance from among those studied was provided by a mixture of bound 1,7-heptanediol and the pentaerythritol ester. An explanation for its superior performance is advanced based on intermolecular hydrogen bonding. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eapen, KC (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM kalathil.eapen@wpafb.af.mil; jeffrey.zabinsky@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 4 PY 2006 VL 201 IS 6 BP 2960 EP 2969 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.06.011 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 144YF UT WOS:000244831800116 ER PT J AU Gorokhovsky, V Bowman, C Gannon, P VanVorous, D Voevodin, AA Rutkowski, A Muratore, C Smith, RJ Kayani, A Gelles, D Shutthanandan, V Trusov, BG AF Gorokhovsky, V. Bowman, C. Gannon, P. VanVorous, D. Voevodin, A. A. Rutkowski, A. Muratore, C. Smith, R. J. Kayani, A. Gelles, D. Shutthanandan, V. Trusov, B. G. TI Tribological performance of hybrid filtered arc-magnetron coatings - Part I: Coating deposition process and basic coating properties characterization SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE filtered arc; magnetron; coatings; aerospace; thermodynamics; nanocomposite ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; BORON-CARBIDE COATINGS; THIN-FILMS; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; CORROSION-RESISTANCE; SUPERLATTICE COATINGS; FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; UNBALANCED MAGNETRON; COMPRESSIVE STRESS AB Aircraft propulsion applications require low-friction and wear resistant surfaces that operate under high contact loads in severe environments. Recent research on supertough and low friction nanocomposite coatings produced with hybrid plasma deposition processes was demonstrated to have a high potential for such demanding applications. However, industrially scalable hybrid plasma technologies are needed for their commercial realization. The Large area Filtered Arc Deposition (LAFAD) process provides atomically smooth coatings at high deposition rates over large surface areas. The LAFAD technology allows functionally graded, multilayer, super-lattice and nanocomposite architectures of multi-elemental coatings via electro-magnetic mixing of two plasma flows composed of different metal ion vapors. Further advancement can be realized through a combinatorial process using a hybrid filtered arc-magnetron deposition system. In the present study, multilayer and nanostructured TiCrCN/TiCr +TiBC composite cermet coatings were deposited by the hybrid filtered arc-magnetron process. Filtered plasma streams from arc evaporated Ti and Cr targets, and two unbalanced magnetron sputtered B(4)C targets, were directed to the substrates in the presence of reactive gases. A multiphase nanocomposite coating architecture was designed to provide the optimal combination of corrosion and wear resistance of advanced steels (Pyrowear 675) used in aerospace bearing and gear applications. Coatings were characterized using SEM/EDS, XPS and RBS for morphology and chemistry, XRD and TEM for structural analyses, wafer curvature and nanoindentation for stress and mechanical properties, and Rockwell and scratch indentions for adhesion. Coating properties were evaluated for a variety of coating architectures. Thermodynamic modeling was used for estimation of phase composition of the top TiBC coating segment. Correlations between coating chemistry, structure and mechanical properties are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arcomac Surface Engn LLC, Bozeman, MT USA. USAF, Res Lab, UTC Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Bauman Moscow State Tech Univ, Moscow, Russia. RP Gorokhovsky, V (reprint author), 3626 Fieldstone Dr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM vigase@aol.com RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 82 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 4 PY 2006 VL 201 IS 6 BP 3732 EP 3747 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.09.007 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 144YF UT WOS:000244831800216 ER PT J AU Shen, C Simmons, JP Wang, Y AF Shen, C. Simmons, J. P. Wang, Y. TI Effect of elastic interaction on nucleation: I. Calculation of the strain energy of nucleus formation in an elastically anisotropic crystal of arbitrary microstructure SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nucleation; microstructure; anisotropic elasticity; simulation ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ALLOYS; SHAPE; EVOLUTION; TRANSFORMATIONS; PRECIPITATE; GROWTH; SOLIDS; MODEL AB We analyze the anisotropic elastic interaction of a nucleating particle with an arbitrary pre-existing coherent microstructure. Under the assumption that the length scale of the microstructure is considerably larger than the size of the nucleus, their elastic interaction energy can be expressed as a linear function of the nucleus's volume, and combined directly with the chemical nucleation driving force in the classical nucleation theory. Using cubic - cubic and cubic tetragonal transformations as examples, we evaluate the elastic energy associated with the formation of a nucleus in a pre-existing microstructure. It is found that, similar to other stress-generating crystalline defects, coherent precipitates could have a significant effect on the spatial location of nuclei, resulting in correlated nucleation where the existing particles dictate where the new particles appear. This effect seems to be generic for nucleation in coherent solids and it could be responsible for the formation of self-organized morphological patterns during coherent transformations. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM wang.363@osu.edu RI Wang, Yunzhi/B-2557-2010 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 20 BP 5617 EP 5630 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.012 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 116CE UT WOS:000242779300030 ER PT J AU Tamirisakandala, S Miracle, DB Srinivasan, R Gunasekera, JS AF Tamirisakandala, Seshacharyulu Miracle, Daniel B. Srinivasan, Raghavan Gunasekera, Jay S. TI Titanium alloyed with boron SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.miracle@wpafb.af.mil NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 164 IS 12 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 115MQ UT WOS:000242738800043 ER PT J AU Post, ML Corke, TC AF Post, Martiqua L. Corke, Thomas C. TI Separation control using plasma actuators: Dynamic stall vortex control on oscillating airfoil SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC EXCITATION; DELAY AB A plasma actuator was used to control leading-edge flow separation and dynamic stall vortex on a periodically oscillated NACA 0015 airfoil. The effectiveness of the actuator was documented through phase-conditioned surface pressure measurements and smoke flow visualization records. The airfoil was driven in a periodic cycle corresponding to alpha=15deg+10deg sinwt. The results presented here are for a reduced frequency of k = wc/2U(infinity) = 0.08. Three cases of control with the plasma actuator were investigated: open-loop control with steady plasma actuation, open-loop control with unsteady plasma actuation, and closed-loop control with steady plasma actuation. For closed-loop control, the actuator was activated in selected portions of the oscillatory cycle based on angle-of-attack feedback. All of the cases investigated exhibited an increase in cycle-integrated lift with improvements in the lift-cycle hysteresis. In two cases, the pitch-moment stall angle was delayed and in one of these, the adverse negative moment peak was significantly reduced. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Flow Phys & Control, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Post, ML (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 31 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 12 BP 3125 EP 3135 DI 10.2514/1.22716 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 119BP UT WOS:000242987500033 ER PT J AU Gordon, M Robbins, A McKenna, D Howard, B Barth, W AF Gordon, Michael Robbins, Anthony McKenna, David Howard, Bobby Barth, William TI Cervical length assessment as a resource to identify twins at risk for preterm delivery (Clarity study) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY FEB 05-10, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 195 IS 6 SU S MA 147 BP S55 EP S55 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.164 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 116WM UT WOS:000242834500148 ER PT J AU Epley, EE Stewart, RM Love, P Jenkins, D Siegworth, GM Baskin, TW Flaherty, S Cocke, R AF Epley, Eric E. Stewart, Ronald M. Love, Preston Jenkins, Donald Siegworth, Gina M. Baskin, Toney W. Flaherty, Stephen Cocke, Robert TI A regional medical operations center improves disaster response and inter-hospital trauma transfers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern-Surgical-Congress CY APR 03-07, 2006 CL Kauai, HI SP SW Surg Congress DE trauma centers; wounds and injuries; patient transfer; disaster planning; regional medical systems; communication; cooperation ID MASS CASUALTY INCIDENTS; PREPAREDNESS; SYSTEMS; CARE; TERRORISM; IMPACT AB Background: Delays in both inter-hospital trauma transfers and disaster response are common. We hypothesized patient flow could be improved by formal adoption of systems that improve cooperation and communication. Methods: The regional trauma database of the Southwest Texas Regional Advisory Council for Trauma and the Regional Medical Operations Center (RMOC) database were queried to test the hypothesis. Results: A total of 9507 trauma patients were transferred. Medcom resulted in decreased transfer process times. The RMOC was activated during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. During two 24-hour periods, the RMOC coordinated the inter-hospital transfer of 781 patients and the movement of thousands of evacuees and special needs patients. Conclusions: Medcom, an organized system combining a communications center with formal trauma center cooperation, improves patient flow and reduces trauma transfer times. The RMOC, based on the same principles of cooperation and communication, allows for rapid transfer of hospitalized and special needs patients during disaster/mass casualty situations. (c) 2006 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. SW Texas Reg Advisory Council Trauma, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Hlth Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Greater San Antonio Area Hosp Council, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Stewart, RM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM stewartr@uthscsa.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 192 IS 6 BP 853 EP 858 DI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.08.057 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 118FS UT WOS:000242928400055 PM 17161107 ER PT J AU Mall, S Jin, O Yuksel, H Calcaterra, JR AF Mall, S. Jin, O. Yuksel, H. Calcaterra, J. R. TI Fretting fatigue behavior of shot-peened Ti-6Al-4V SO ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fretting fatigue; shot-peening; titanium alloy; contact mechanics; finite element analysis ID CRACK INITIATION; RESIDUAL-STRESS AB Fretting fatigue behavior of shot-peened, titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V) specimens of two thicknesses was investigated at room temperature. Fretting fatigue life diagrams were established with and without shot-peening. Shot-peening improved fretting fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V. X-ray diffraction method was used to measure residual compressive stresses from shot-peening before and after fretting fatigue. Variation in the thickness of shot-peened specimens changed residual stresses at and away from the contact surface, and hence changed the crack initiation location, which was at the contact surface in thicker specimens but below the contact surface in the thinner specimens. Further, there was relaxation of residual compressive stresses during fretting fatigue. Finite element analysis of fretting fatigue specimens was also conducted. Modified shear stress range parameter, a critical plane based fatigue model/criterion, was used to characterize fretting fatigue crack initiation behavior of the shot-peened specimens. This was found to be an appropriate fatigue parameter that could be used to predict number of cycles to crack initiation, crack initiation location (on fretting surface as well as fracture surface), and initial crack orientation of shot-peened fretting fatigue specimens. C1 Air Fore Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), Air Fore Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KING FAHD UNIV PETROLEUM MINERALS PI DHAHRAN PA C/O UNIV, DHAHRAN 31261, SAUDI ARABIA SN 1319-8025 J9 ARAB J SCI ENG JI Arab. J. Sci. Eng. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2C BP 49 EP 62 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 173JT UT WOS:000246870000006 ER PT J AU Wickens, CD Self, BP Small, RL Williams, CB Burrows, CL Levinthal, BR Keller, JW AF Wickens, Christopher D. Self, Brian P. Small, Ronald L. Williams, Choi B. Burrows, Christina L. Levinthal, Brian R. Keller, John W. TI Rotation rate and duration effects on the somatogyral illusion SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE spatial disorientation modeling ID ANGULAR VELOCITY; PERCEPTION; NYSTAGMUS AB Introduction: Aviation spatial disorientation mishaps remain a concern, especially due to their fatality rate. Some of the most insidious disorientations are due to vestibular stimuli in the absence of visual cues. A category of such disorientations are known as somatogyral illusions. Methods: To determine the effects of spin rate and duration on the perception of the somatogyral illusion, we examined the subjective response of pilots and non-pilots to rotation around the yaw axis in a flight simulator in a manner that would mimic two vestibular illusions found in flight: the washout of the semi-circular canals following sustained turns, and the illusory counter-rotation following return to straight and level flight. There were 29 subjects (14 pilots) who were seated blindfolded in a flight simulator which accelerated to constant plateau rotation rates of 20, 70, and 120 degrees center dot s(-1) and then decelerated to stationary; plateaus were 10, 20, or 40 s. Subjects reported 1) the time when the perception of rotation ceased (i.e., the subjective time until washout was reached); 2) the relative magnitude of the counter-rotation experienced; and 3) the time until the perception of counter-rotation ceased. Subjects also manipulated a slider to provide a continuous subjective measure of their experience of rotation. Results: The two time measures increased with increases in both the duration and magnitude of the spin. The increase in perceived washout time with spin rate was non-linear (geometric). There was an interaction between spin duration and spin rate on the experience of illusory counter-rotation magnitude such that at low rates, spin duration had no effect, but its effect increased at faster rates. The time constant of adaptation of the semicircular canals was estimated to be 8.3 s. Discussion: The effects were validated against a model of semicircular canal and cupola adaptation, which predicted the data with high accuracy. Pilots and non-pilots did not differ in their illusory experience. C1 Alion Sci & Technol Corp, Alion MA&D Div, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Mech Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Psychol, Houston, TX USA. Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Wickens, CD (reprint author), Alion Sci & Technol Corp, Alion MA&D Div, 4949 Pearl E Circle,Ste 200, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM cwickens@maad.com NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1244 EP 1251 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 114NG UT WOS:000242672300005 PM 17183920 ER PT J AU Cloran, FJ AF Cloran, Francis J. TI Cutaneous infections with community-acquired MRSA in aviators SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE antibiotic; gram positive; oxacillin; Panton-Valentine leucocidin; dermatologic; community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; SKIN INFECTION; METHICILLIN; PREVALENCE; COLONIZATION; POPULATION; OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; CASSETTE AB Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen of growing concern among community-based practices in medicine, particularly those in the military. The risk of colonization and infection by community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) is significantly higher among military members than that of the general population. The unique environment of the deployed, military aviator (impaired hygiene practices, close contact in warm, space-limited cockpits, and shared life support equipment) may increase risks of colonization, infection, and transmission of CA-MRSA and hence warrants the clinical attention of the flight surgeon. Studies of molecular genetics indicate that isolates of CA-MRSA contain a unique mobile genetic element (SCCmec type IV), indicating that CA-MRSA evolved separately from nosocomially acquired MRSA. Skin infections involving CA-MRSA are unlike their nosocomial counterparts in that CA-MRSA infections are susceptible to multiple classes of antibiotics and, on average, are clinically more aggressive. Awareness of this pathogen and appropriate clinical intervention can lead to prompt resolution of the infection and reduce rates of CA-MRSA colonization. C1 7th Med Grp, Dyess AFB, TX USA. RP Cloran, FJ (reprint author), SGGF, 7ADOS,697 Louisiana Dr, Dyess AFB, TX 79607 USA. EM francis.cloran@dyess.af.mil NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1271 EP 1274 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 114NG UT WOS:000242672300009 PM 17183924 ER PT J AU Tvaryanas, AP AF Tvaryanas, Anthony P. TI Human systems integration in remotely piloted aircraft operations SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE unmanned aerial vehicle; UAV; performance; human factors AB Background: The role of humans in remotely piloted aircraft (RPAs) is qualitatively different from manned aviation, lessening the applicability of aerospace medicine human factors knowledge derived from traditional cockpits. Aerospace medicine practitioners should expect to be challenged in addressing RPA crewmember performance. Methods: Human systems integration (HSI) provides a model for explaining human performance as a function of the domains of: human factors engineering; personnel; training; manpower; environment, safety, and occupational health (ESOH); habitability; and survivability. RPA crewmember performance is being particularly impacted by issues involving the domains of human factors engineering, personnel, training, manpower, ESOH, and habitability. Results: Specific HSI challenges include: 1) changes in large RPA operator selection and training; 2) human factors engineering deficiencies in current RPA ground control station design and their impact on human error including considerations pertaining to multi-aircraft control; and 3) the combined impact of manpower shortfalls, shiftwork-related fatigue, and degraded crewmember effectiveness. Limited experience and available research makes it difficult to qualitatively or quantitatively predict the collective impact of these issues on RPA crewmember performance. Conclusion: Attending to HSI will be critical for the success of current and future RPA crewmembers. Aerospace medicine practitioners working with RPA crewmembers should gain first-hand knowledge of their task environment while the larger aerospace medicine community needs to address the limited information available on RPA-related aerospace medicine human factors. In the meantime, aeromedical decisions will need to be made based on what is known about other aerospace occupations, realizing this knowledge may have only partial applicability. C1 USAF, Unmanned Aircraft Syst Human Syst Integrat Branch, Performance Enhancement Directorate, Human Syst Wing 311, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Tvaryanas, AP (reprint author), USAF, Unmanned Aircraft Syst Human Syst Integrat Branch, Performance Enhancement Directorate, Human Syst Wing 311, 311 HSW PER,2485 Gillingham Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM anthony.tvaryanas@brooks.af.mil NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1278 EP 1282 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 114NG UT WOS:000242672300011 PM 17183926 ER PT J AU Wang, HB Bello, P AF Wang, Hongbin Bello, Paul TI Ritualized behavior as a domain-general choice of actions SO BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material AB In conflating opposing meanings of the term "ritual," arising from historical Western cultural conflicts regarding church and state, this target article begs fundamental questions. Its appeals to cognitive science concepts such as "working memory" are poorly informed and obfuscate what could have been a far more penetrating and less biased discussion of stereotyped human action. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Hlth Informat Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Wang, HB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Hlth Informat Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Hongbin.Wang@uth.tmc.edu; Pello.Bello@rl.af.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0140-525X J9 BEHAV BRAIN SCI JI Behav. Brain Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6 BP 633 EP + DI 10.1017/S0140525X06009551 PG 12 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 142UU UT WOS:000244676500044 ER PT J AU Huang, JQ Wood, A AF Huang, Junqi Wood, Aihua TI Analysis and numerical solution of transient electromagnetic scattering from overfilled cavities SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE time domain; overfilled cavity; scattering; Fourier transform; finite element method ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; EQUATIONS; DEEP AB A hybrid finite element (FEM) and Fourier transform method is implemented to analyze the time domain scattering of a plane wave incident on a 2-D overfilled cavity embedded in the infinite ground plane. The algorithm first removes the time variable by Fourier transform, through which a frequency domain problem is obtained. An artificial boundary condition is then introduced on a hemisphere enclosing the cavity that couples the fields from the infinite exterior domain to those inside. The exterior problem is solved analytically via Fourier series solutions, while the interior region is solved using finite element method. In the end, the image functions in frequency domain are numerically inverted into the time domain. The perfect link over the artificial boundary between the FEM approximation in the interior and analytical solution in the exterior indicates the reliability of the method. A convergence analysis is also performed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wood, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENC, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Aihua.Wood@afit.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 1 IS 6 BP 1043 EP 1055 PG 13 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 106TG UT WOS:000242123600006 ER PT J AU Mall, S LaRochelle, KJ AF Mall, Shankar LaRochelle, K. J. TI Fatigue and stress-rupture behaviors of SiC/SiC composite under humid environment at elevated temperature SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramics matrix composites; humidity effects; fatigue; stress rupture; interphase ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; AIR; EMBRITTLEMENT; CARBON AB The effects of moisture on fatigue and stress-rupture behaviors of a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) at an elevated temperature were investigated. The CMC consisted of silicon carbide fiber with an in situ BN layer (iBN) reinforced in silicon carbide matrix with boron nitride (BN) interphase. Two series of tests were conducted; tension-tension fatigue tests at a frequency of 10 Hz with a stress ratio of 0.1 and stress-rupture tests. Both type of tests were conducted at 750 degrees C: (1) under dry environment test condition (with 0% moisture content) and (2) under humid environment test condition (with 60% moisture content). Stress versus time to failure relationships were established under these test conditions. Moisture (humid environment) decreased the time to failure at a prescribed stress level in comparison to that without moisture (dry condition) in both series of tests. For a given test environment, time to failure was shorter under the cycling loading condition of fatigue test than that under the constant load of stress-rupture test. Damage analysis showed that the exposure to the elevated temperature caused the embrittlement of BN interphase between fiber and matrix. The presence of moisture accelerated this embrittlement process, which in turn caused the more degradation of fatigue or stress-rupture performance of the tested CMC system in humid test environment in comparison to that in dry test environment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT,ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT,ENY, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 66 IS 15 BP 2925 EP 2934 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.02.013 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 100FW UT WOS:000241654500032 ER PT J AU Seetharaman, G Lakhotia, A Blasch, EP AF Seetharaman, Guna Lakhotia, Arun Blasch, Erik Philip TI Unmanned vehicles come of age: The DARPA grand challenge SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Louisiana, Ctr Adv Comp Studies, Lafayette, LA USA. Univ Louisiana, Team Cajunbot, Lafayette, LA USA. AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Seetharaman, G (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM guna@ieee.org; arun@louisiana.edu; Erik.Blasch@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 12 BP 26 EP 29 DI 10.1109/MC.2006.447 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 114DY UT WOS:000242648100011 ER PT J AU Lombardi, P Zavidovique, B Talbert, M AF Lombardi, Paolo Zavidovique, Bertrand Talbert, Michael TI On the importance of being contextual SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB Multimodal awareness is the key to improved unmanned vehicle control performance across a broad spectrum of future mission spaces. C1 Univ Paris 11, Inst Elect Fondamentale, F-91405 Orsay, France. USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paol.lombardi@jrc.it; bertrand.zavidovique@ief.u-psud.fr; michael.talbert@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 12 BP 57 EP + DI 10.1109/MC.2006.434 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 114DY UT WOS:000242648100018 ER PT J AU Wang, LN Yu, WZ Chen, H AF Wang, Lening Yu, Wenzhen Chen, Hui TI Evolutionary computation approaches to interference suppression based on adaptive Nonlinear filtering SO DYNAMICS OF CONTINUOUS DISCRETE AND IMPULSIVE SYSTEMS-SERIES B-APPLICATIONS & ALGORITHMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Sensing, Computing and Automation CY MAY 08-11, 2006 CL Chongqing, PEOPLES R CHINA AB Adaptive nonlinear filtering applications are often deployed in performance-restricted mobile communication system with various devices and heterogeneous environments. This paper presents an Evolutionary Computation (EC) based optimum integrated algorithm to improve the strong narrow band interference suppression. The interference suppression problem is transformed to introduce the modified EC algorithm in searching of the optimum filtering tapping coefficient genetype, which obtains better stability and higher SNR improvement in adaptive nonlinear filtering, and realizes the global optimization with high speed convergence. Such works are confirmed by computer simulation and field-testing data verification. C1 Nanjing Res Inst Elect Technol, Postdoctoral Tech Innovat Ctr, Nanjing 210013, Peoples R China. USAF, Equipment Acad, Res Inst Commun & Nav, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. RP Wang, LN (reprint author), Nanjing Res Inst Elect Technol, Postdoctoral Tech Innovat Ctr, Nanjing 210013, Peoples R China. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATAM PRESS PI WATERLOO PA C/O DCDIS JOURNAL, 317 KAREN PLACE, WATERLOO, ONTARIO N2L 6K8, CANADA SN 1492-8760 J9 DYNAM CONT DIS SER B JI Dyn. Contin. Discret. Impuls. Syst. Ser. B-Appl. Algorithms PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13E SU S BP 1407 EP 1412 PN 3 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 201OC UT WOS:000248840700076 ER PT J AU Greco, M Gini, F Rangaswamy, M AF Greco, M. Gini, F. Rangaswamy, M. TI Statistical analysis of measured polarimetric clutter data at different range resolutions SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID RADAR CLUTTER AB This paper deals with the statistical modelling of radar backscattering from sea surface at low-grazing angles in high resolution radar systems. High-resolution polarimetric data at different range resolutions (60, 30, 15, 9 and 3 m) are analysed to highlight the differences in clutter statistical behaviour due to changes of resolution and/or polarisation. The clutter data were recorded by the IPIX radar of McMaster University in Grimsby, Ontario, Canada. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-56122 Pisa, Italy. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Greco, M (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, Via G Caruso, I-56122 Pisa, Italy. EM m.greco@iet.unipi.it RI Greco, Maria/G-5775-2012; OI Greco, Maria/0000-0002-3804-2949 NR 19 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 153 IS 6 BP 473 EP 481 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20060045 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 123TU UT WOS:000243319600002 ER PT J AU Doo, SJ Roblin, P Jessen, GH Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Moser, NA Crespo, A Simpson, G King, J AF Doo, Seok Joo Roblin, Patrick Jessen, Gregg H. Fitch, Robert C. Gillespie, James K. Moser, Neil A. Crespo, Antonio Simpson, Gary King, Jon TI Effective suppression of IV knee walk-out in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for pulsed-IV pulsed-RF with a large signal network analyzer SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GaN; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT); large signal network analyzer (LSNA); load-line; traps ID PERFORMANCE AB IV knee walk-out in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on a Sapphire substrate is analyzed using dynamic radio frequency (RF) load-lines acquired with a large signal network analyzer (LSNA) for both continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed-IV/RF excitations. When thermal effects and traps are bypassed using pulsed-IV biasing and pulsed-RF excitations, the IV knee walk-out observed in CW load-lines is found to be effectively suppressed and the device delivers the maximum output power expected for class A operation. It is also demonstrated using pulsed-IV/RF measurements at various substrate temperatures that the IV knee walk-out primarily arises from thermal effects at high bias rather than trapping in the on-wafer devices characterized. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Maury Microwave Corp, Ontario, CA 91764 USA. RP Doo, SJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM roblin@ece.osu.edu NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 12 BP 681 EP 683 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2006.885632 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 118EN UT WOS:000242925100017 ER PT J AU Hansen, TB Marr, RA Lammers, UHW Tanigawa, TJ McGahan, RV AF Hansen, Thorkild B. Marr, Richard A. Lammers, Uve H. W. Tanigawa, Timothy J. McGahan, Robert V. TI Bistatic RCS calculations from cylindrical near-field measurements - Part I: Theory SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE edge correction; near-field scanning; radar cross sections; taper functions ID ANTENNAS; ERROR AB A theory is presented for computing scattered far fields of targets from cylindrical near-field measurements. The targets are illuminated by plane waves and measured in a radio anechoic chamber on a cylindrical scan surface. The scattered field on the scan cylinder is obtained by background subtraction. The near-field data is truncated at the top, bottom, and angular edges of the scan cylinder. These truncation edges can cause inaccuracies in the computed far fields. Correction techniques are developed for the top and bottom truncation edges. The cylindrical wave expansions automatically apply angular tapers to the near-field data that reduce the effect of the angular truncation edges. The taper functions depend on the angular sample spacing and are related to the currents induced on perfectly electrically conducting PEC cylinders in related scattering problems. The method of stationary phase is employed with asymptotic expressions for the taper functions to determine the area on the scan cylinder that is most important for computing the far field in a given direction. The theory is validated through numerical examples involving electrically large scatterers. The edge-correction techniques significantly increase the accuracy of the computed far field. A companion paper presents experimental results. C1 Seknion Inc, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hansen, TB (reprint author), Seknion Inc, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM thorkild.hansen@att.net NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 BP 3846 EP 3856 DI 10.1109/TAP.2006.886472 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 116PM UT WOS:000242814800040 ER PT J AU Marr, RA Lammers, UHW Hansen, TB Tanigawa, TJ McGahan, RV AF Marr, Richard A. Lammers, Uve H. W. Hansen, Thorkild B. Tanigawa, Timothy J. McGahan, Robert V. TI Bistatic RCS calculations from cylindrical near-field measurements - Part II: Experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE bistatic radar cross sections; edge corrections; experimental near-field scanning; taper functions AB Bistatic radar cross section (RCS) is computed from cylindrical near-field measurements obtained in a radio anechoic chamber with the target illuminated by a compact-range reflector. Near-field measurement is convenient where the RCS of complex targets is not amenable to computation or where computational results require experimental confirmation. A companion paper addresses the theory of cylindrical near-field scanning with reference to our experimental system. RCS of canonical targets derived from near-field measurement are in good agreement with theory. This paper compares the far fields computed from the near-field measurements with numerical solutions. Separating the target-scattered fields from incident and background fields presents a major challenge in an indoor bistatic radar configuration. We discuss the errors introduced by a residue of the incident field that is not canceled by the background subtraction method currently in use. A slow drift in system parameters and probe column oscillations are among the contributing factors. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Direcotorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Marr, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM thorkild.hansen@att.net NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 54 IS 12 BP 3857 EP 3864 DI 10.1109/TAP.2006.886482 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 116PM UT WOS:000242814800041 ER PT J AU Thomas, MU Richard, JPP AF Thomas, Marlin U. Richard, Jean-Philippe P. TI Warranty-based method for establishing reliability improvement targets SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article AB Modern day competition in manufacturing requires producers to rely heavily on continuous quality improvement methods to remain competitive. Reliability being a significant element of quality is the primary means for making design and process improvements. Current reliability allocation methods to establish improvement goals focus on cost reduction but do not necessarily give due consideration to the relative impact of component cost. A method is presented that uses warranty burden rates as a weighting factor to develop component improvement goals. A sample application is given to illustrate application of the method. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Thomas, MU (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Marlin.Thomas@afit.edu; jprichar@purdue.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0740-817X J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1049 EP 1058 DI 10.1080/07408170600584845 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 096AK UT WOS:000241349200001 ER PT J AU Thorsen, SN Oxley, ME AF Thorsen, Steven N. Oxley, Mark E. TI A description of competing fusion systems SO INFORMATION FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUN, 2004 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN DE fusion; optimization; fusor; category theory; information fusion; Bayes optimal; calculus of variations; functional AB A mathematical description of fusion is presented using category theory. A category of fusion rules is developed. The category definition is derived for a model of a classification system beginning with an event set and leading to the final labeling of the event. Functionals on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are developed to form a partial ordering of families of classification systems. The arguments of these functionals point to specific ROCS and, under various choices of input data, correspond to the Bayes optimal threshold (BOT) and the Neyman-Pearson threshold of the families of classification systems. The functionals are extended for use over ROC curves and ROC manifolds where the number of classes of interest in the fusion system exceeds two and the parameters used are multi-dimensional. Choosing a particular functional, therefore, provides the qualitative requirements to define a fusor and choose the best competing classification system. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oxley, ME (reprint author), USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.thorsen@afit.edu; mark.ox-ley@afit.edu NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-2535 J9 INFORM FUSION JI Inf. Fusion PD DEC PY 2006 VL 7 IS 4 BP 346 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.inffus.2005.10.003 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 115AC UT WOS:000242705800003 ER PT J AU Cinnamon, JD Palazotto, AN Kennan, Z AF Cinnamon, J. D. Palazotto, A. N. Kennan, Z. TI Material characterization and development of a constitutive relationship for hypervelocity impact of 1080 Steel and VascoMax 300 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2005) CY OCT 09-13, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, CA DE 1080 steel; VascoMax 300; Hopkinson bar; Taylor test; constitutive AB The area of hypervelocity impact and associated high energy is one of extreme interest in the research community. A specific example of this emphasis is the US Air Force test facility at Holloman Air Force Base which specializes in the field of hypervelocity impact testing. This Holloman AFB High Speed Test Track (HHSTT) is currently working to increase the speed of their test vehicle to above Mach 10. As the test sled's speed has increased into the Mach 8.5 range, a material interaction has developed which causes "gouging" in the rails or the sled's "shoes" and this starts a process that can result in catastrophic failure. In the tests that do not structurally fail, the rails and shoes are damaged. Previous efforts in investigating this event have resulted in a choice of the most suitable computer code (CTH), and a model of the shoe/rail interaction. However, the specific materials present in this impact problem were not available in CTTL In this work, the specific materials present at the HHSTT (VascoMax 300 and 1080 Steel) will be characterized using the Split Hopkinson Bar Test and a Johnson-Cook constitutive model will be developed. The model will then be validated by comparison to a series of Taylor impact tests. The coating materials utilized on the rails at the HHSTT will also be evaluated using a Taylor impact test. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cinnamon, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.cinnamon@afit.edu NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1-12 BP 180 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.09.030 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 128PF UT WOS:000243669400022 ER PT J AU Starks, MJ Cooke, DL Dichter, BK Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Thornhill, TF AF Starks, M. J. Cooke, D. L. Dichter, B. K. Chhabildas, L. C. Reinhart, W. D. Thornhill, T. F., III TI Seeking radio emissions from hypervelocity micrometeoroid impacts: Early experimental results from the ground SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS 2005) CY OCT 09-13, 2005 CL Lake Tahoe, CA DE impact plasma; hypervelocity; micrometeoroid ID KM/S AB High-velocity impact experiments have been conducted to look for radio frequency (RF) emissions from impact-produced plasmas that could be used to identify micrometeoroid impacts to spacecraft in orbit. Launched by a three-stage light gas gun, 17 mm diameter by 0.9 mm thick Ti6Al-4V flyer plates impacted 0.75 mm thick indium (In) foil at more than 10 km s(-1). The resulting collision presumably ionized some fraction of the vaporized In cloud, which was accelerated to about 12 km s(-1). This weak In plasma then passed through a wide-band detection system that looked for RF emissions. Over the course of five shots during the experiment, no conclusive plasma emissions from the In were detected. However, strong evidence indicates that significant charge is accumulated on the flyer plate during acceleration and flight, possibly producing Paschen discharge to the chamber walls. Finally, plasma may be produced by the launcher secondary to launching the plate, leading to further contamination of the results. These effects have significant consequences for RF experiments attempted in launching systems of this type. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Shock Phys Applicat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Starks, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBX1,29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM michael.starks@hanscom.af.mil NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1-12 BP 781 EP 787 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.09.044 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 128PF UT WOS:000243669400075 ER PT J AU Bents, RT Marsh, E AF Bents, Robert T. Marsh, Erik TI Patterns of ephedra and other stimulant use in collegiate hockey athletes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE stimulants; amphetamines; pseudoephedrine; ergogenic aids ID SUBSTANCE USE; PSEUDOEPHEDRINE; SUPPLEMENTS; BEHAVIORS; PROGRAM; STROKE; ABUSE AB This study examined trends in stimulant use and attitudes toward use among American collegiate hockey athletes. All 139 players in one college hockey conference completed a comprehensive questionnaire. Over half of the athletes (51.8%) confirmed stimulant use before a hockey game or practice. About half of the respondents (48.5%) reported having used ephedra at least one time to improve athletic performance. Additionally, 17.4% reported using pseudoephedrine to improve performance in the 30 days prior to survey administration. Over half (55.4%) were aware of the recent national ban on ephedra. Fifty-nine percent stated the national ban made them less likely to use ephedra products. The majority of athletes began use prior to college. Coaches, athletic trainers, and team physicians should be aware of athletes' patterns of stimulant use. Improved educational efforts directed at younger athletes are necessary to deter abuse of metabolic stimulants. C1 Orthoped Ctr Sports Med, Grants Pass, OR 97527 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Athlet, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bents, RT (reprint author), Orthoped Ctr Sports Med, Grants Pass, OR 97527 USA. EM bentsmd@mtashland.net; Erik.Marsh@usafa.af.mil NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1526-484X J9 INT J SPORT NUTR EXE JI Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 636 EP 643 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA 116YW UT WOS:000242840700006 PM 17342884 ER PT J AU Spowart, JE AF Spowart, Jonathan E. TI The 3-D analysis of discontinuously reinforced aluminum composite microstructures SO JOM LA English DT Article AB Automated serial sectioning is presented as an attractive experimental technique for producing an accurate, large-scale three-dimensional (3-D) digital microstructural model of an extruded discontinuously reinforced aluminum composite material. The model is used as input for an elastic-plastic 3-D finite-element analysis that simulates tensile loading of the microstructure. The 3-D visualization and characterization of the resultant deformation structures within the composite microstructure has allo wed some of the critical microstructural features that control the tensile response to be identified. C1 Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Spowart, JE (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jonathan.Spowart@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD DEC PY 2006 VL 58 IS 12 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1007/BF02748492 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 115AE UT WOS:000242706000006 ER PT J AU Chang, Y Grein, CH Zhao, J Sivanathan, S Wang, CZ Aoki, T Smith, DJ Wijewarnasuriya, PS Nathan, V AF Chang, Yong Grein, C. H. Zhao, J. Sivanathan, S. Wang, C. Z. Aoki, T. Smith, David J. Wijewarnasuriya, P. S. Nathan, V. TI Improve molecular beam epitaxy growth of HgCdTe on CdZnTe (211)B substrates using interfacial layers of HgTe/CdTe superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE; FOCAL-PLANE ARRAYS; HGTE/HGCDTE SUPERLATTICES; INFRARED DETECTORS; MID-WAVELENGTH; HG1-XCDXTE; EPILAYERS; DEFECTS; TEMPERATURE; TECHNOLOGY AB HgTe/CdTe superlattices (SLs) have been grown on CdZnTe (211)B substrates as interfacial layers to improve the reproducibility and material properties of epitaxial HgCdTe. The interfacial SL layer is found by transmission electron microscopy to be capable of smoothing out the substrate's surface roughness and to bend or block threading dislocations from propagating from the substrate into the functional HgCdTe epilayers. The best etch pit density values of 4x10(4) cm(-2) were achieved in long-wavelength infrared HgCdTe epilayers with such interfacial layers, while typical values were in the low 10(5) cm(-2) range. The recombination mechanisms in such layers were dominated by radiative and Auger intrinsic recombination mechanisms, whereas the contributions from the Shockley-Read-Hall mechanism become negligible, which demonstrated that the use of the SL interfacial layers was beneficial for HgCdTe growth using molecular beam epitaxy or MBE. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EI, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM yonchang@uic.edu RI Aoki, Toshihiro/I-4852-2015 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 11 AR 114316 DI 10.1063/1.2399890 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117QG UT WOS:000242887400148 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Rhodes, C Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA AF Huang, Danhong Rhodes, C. Alsing, P. M. Cardimona, D. A. TI Effects of longitudinal field on transmitted near field in doped semi-infinite semiconductors with a surface conducting sheet SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; PLASMONS; GRATINGS AB A unique structure composed of a half-space of air and a semi-infinite doped bulk GaAs covered by an InAs conducting interface sheet is proposed, from which the physics behind the interplay between the effects of transverse sheet current and the longitudinal three-dimensional plasma waves, as well as the effect of evanescent modes, can be explored. The in-plane and perpendicular components of a transverse field are modified by the inclusion of the InAs conducting sheet and a longitudinal field, and the coupling between transverse and longitudinal oscillations of an electromagnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the conducting sheet is made possible by the doped GaAs bulk. Based on this structure, a spatially nonlocal dynamic theory is derived, including the coupling between the transverse and longitudinal oscillations, the image-potential and retardation effects, and the effects of evanescent modes. The existence of the InAs conducting sheet is found to reduce the transmitted field by reflection from the induced sheet current. The longitudinal field is found to further reduce its strength by absorption from an induced longitudinal three-dimensional plasma wave in the doped GaAs bulk. The transmitted near field is modified by the doped electrons in the GaAs bulk with a relative enhancement at small incident angles being overshadowed by the strong reflection from the induced sheet current in the InAs conducting sheet on the surface. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 11 AR 113711 DI 10.1063/1.2388651 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117QG UT WOS:000242887400081 ER PT J AU Webb, DF Mizuno, DR Buffington, A Cooke, MP Eyles, CJ Fry, CD Gentile, LC Hick, PP Holladay, PE Howard, TA Hewitt, JG Jackson, BV Johnston, JC Kuchar, TA Mozer, JB Price, S Radick, RR Simnett, GM Tappin, SJ AF Webb, D. F. Mizuno, D. R. Buffington, A. Cooke, M. P. Eyles, C. J. Fry, C. D. Gentile, L. C. Hick, P. P. Holladay, P. E. Howard, T. A. Hewitt, J. G. Jackson, B. V. Johnston, J. C. Kuchar, T. A. Mozer, J. B. Price, S. Radick, R. R. Simnett, G. M. Tappin, S. J. TI Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) observations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the heliosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; LASCO; EVOLUTION; MISSION; FLUX AB The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) on the Coriolis spacecraft has been obtaining white light images of nearly the full sky every 102 minutes for three years. We present statistical results of analysis of the SMEI observations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) traveling through the inner heliosphere; 139 CMEs were observed during the first 1.5 years of operations. At least 30 of these CMEs were observed by SMEI to propagate out to 1 AU and beyond and were associated with major geomagnetic storms at Earth. Most of these were observed as frontside halo events by the SOHO LASCO coronagraphs. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, CASS, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Sunspot, NM USA. RP Webb, DF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, CASS, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM david.webb.ctr@hanscom.af.mi NR 47 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A12 AR A12101 DI 10.1029/2006JA011655 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 115PT UT WOS:000242746900001 ER PT J AU Grenier, J AF Grenier, John TI The battle for Quebec 1759 SO JOURNAL OF IMPERIAL AND COMMONWEALTH HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grenier, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0308-6534 J9 J IMP COMMONW HIST JI J. Imp. Commonw. Hist. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 608 EP 609 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 118BS UT WOS:000242917600011 ER PT J AU Aldrin, JC Knopp, JS AF Aldrin, John C. Knopp, Jeremy S. TI Crack characterization method with invariance to noise features for eddy current inspection of fasterner sites SO JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE eddy current; cracks; modeling; feature extraction; noise invariance ID PROBABILITY; SIGNALS AB There is a need for research in eddy current (EC) nondestructive evaluation (NDE) to improve the reliability to detect, locate and size cracks around fastener sites in multi-layer structures while minimizing the overall cost of inspection. The objective of this work is to develop feature extraction and classification algorithms for crack characterization with invariance to noise features for eddy current inspection of fastener sites. Model-based parametric studies were first performed to explore potential features under a wide array of crack, noise and material conditions. Through these studies, several features were identified to have some invariance to the characteristic asymmetric response due to gaps between the fastener and hole, probe liftoff variation, and probe skew. In particular, a promising feature with noise invariance to all non-flaw conditions considered in this study was found through investigating changes in the eddy current response along a circumferential direction in an annulus region away from the hole center. To obtain a measure of this localized crack feature, an approach was developed using a fit of a characteristic function to the data through nonlinear least squares estimation. A model-based optimization approach was also implemented to evaluate the best signal processing algorithm design to distinguish between several classes of crack size. Using this approach, an optimized measure was found to be well correlated with subsurface crack size and insensitive to noise conditions included in this study. C1 Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aldrin, JC (reprint author), Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. EM aldrin@computationaltools.com NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9298 J9 J NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI J. Nondestruct. Eval. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 165 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s10921-006-0014-5 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 111FD UT WOS:000242435900002 ER PT J AU Paesler, MA Baker, DA Lucovsky, G Edwards, AE Taylor, PC AF Paesler, M. A. Baker, D. A. Lucovsky, G. Edwards, A. E. Taylor, P. C. TI EXAFS study of local order in the amorphous chalcogenide semiconductor Ge2Sb2Te5 SO JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Ge2Sb2Te5; local order; EXAFS; chalcogenide; switching material AB Studies of amorphous (a-) semiconductors have been driven by technological advances as well as fundamental theories. Observation of electrical switching, for example, fueled early interest in a-chalcogenides. More recently switching of the achalcogenide Ge2Sb2Te5 has been applied quite successfully to DVD technology where the quest for the discovery of better-suited materials continues. Thus, switching provides researchers today with an active arena of technological as well as fundamental study. On the theoretical front, bond constraint theory - or BCT - provides a powerful framework for understanding the structure and properties of a-materials. Applications of BCT to switching in Ge2Sb2Te5 holds the promise of finding the best composition suited for switching applications. This work presents EXAFS data that describe local bonding configurations in as-deposited Ge2Sb2Te5. The data show that Ge2Sb2Te5 may best be viewed as a random array of Ge2Te3 and Sb2Te3 structural units imbedded in a tissue of a-Te, 17% of which is over-coordinated. In addition, a valence alternation pair defect is introduced to the model to satisfy charge conservation constraints. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Paesler, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Michael_Paesler@ncsu.edu RI Paesler, Michael/D-6738-2011; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL INST OPTOELECTRONICS PI BUCHAREST-MAGURELE PA 1 ATOMISTILOR ST, PO BOX MG-5, BUCHAREST-MAGURELE 76900, ROMANIA SN 1454-4164 J9 J OPTOELECTRON ADV M JI J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 2039 EP 2043 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 113AA UT WOS:000242568300013 ER PT J AU Learn, PA Krishnegowda, N Talamantez, J Kahlenberg, MS AF Learn, Peter A. Krishnegowda, Naveen Talamantez, Jose Kahlenberg, Morton S. TI Compensatory increases in Her-2/neu activation in response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition in colon cancer cell lines SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Academic Surgical Congress of the Association-for-Academic-Surgery CY FEB 07-11, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Assoc Acad Surg DE tyrosine kinase inhibitors; EGFR; Her-2/neu; colon cancer ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; METASTATIC BREAST-CANCER; ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; ZD1839 IRESSA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; STAGE-II; IN-VIVO; CARCINOMA; EXPRESSION AB Background. Tyrosine kinase receptors of the ErbB family have become promising targets for anti-neoplastic drugs, but mechanisms of resistance are incompletely understood. To investigate such pathways, we applied a small-molecule, selective EGFR inhibitor, OSI-774, to three well-characterized colon cancer cell lines and studied the alterations of expression and activation of receptors in the erbB family. Methods. MTT assays were performed to determine the IC(50)s of GEO, FET, and HCT 116 human colorectal cancer cell lines treated with OSI-774. Plated cells were then exposed to either DMSO control or 7 mu m of OSI-774 for treatment durations of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 28, and 56 days. Cell lysates were evaluated by Western blotting, evaluating both total and phosphorylated levels of EGFR, Her-2/neu, and erbB-3. Results. IC50 values for GEO, FET, and HCT 116 cell lines exposed to OSI-774 were 12.0, 16.0, and greater than 100 mu M, respectively. In all treated cell lines, OSI-774 diminished EGFR activation but did not affect total expression compared with controls. In contrast, Her-2/neu activation was increased in all cell lines. These changes in EGFR and Her-2/neu were identified within 24 h but peaked later in the treatment cycle. ErbB-3 expression and activation did not follow a consistent pattern between cell lines. Conclusions. Inhibition of EGFR led to increased activation of Her-2/neu. This result suggests a possible mechanism by which cells might escape the proapoptotic signals resulting from EGFR blockade. Our findings suggest concurrent inhibition of multiple members of the erbB family may yield stronger apoptotic responses than single receptor blockade alone. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Surg Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Kahlenberg, MS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Surg Oncol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. EM kahlenberg@uthscsa.edu NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 136 IS 2 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2006.07.046 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 111PT UT WOS:000242466500011 PM 17059835 ER PT J AU Baldwin, R Peterson, B Mills, R AF Baldwin, Rusty Peterson, Brian Mills, Robert TI Using playing cards to estimate interference in frequency-hopping spread spectrum radio networks SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE bluetooth; interference model; FHSS; hop sequence ID PACKET ERROR RATE; BLUETOOTH NETWORKS AB Many mobile ad hoc networks, wireless LANs, cellular systems, and military radio networks use frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) to provide multiple access to the channel as well as for anti-jamming, interference suppression, and mitigating other channel effects. Estimates of interference between two networks using the same set of frequencies is often assumed to be 1/N where N is the total number of available hopping frequencies. However, this simple model does not incorporate the partial spectral or partial temporal overlap that may occur between the hopping sequences or account for the fact that this overlap may be "stable" which will result in a significantly larger (or smaller) probability of interference. We extend an almost 300 year old probability model developed by the French mathematician Pierre Remond de Montmort to provide a more accurate estimate of interference between such FHSS networks. This improved playing card model, almost as easy to calculate as the commonly used 1/N model, is more robust because it incorporates the effects due to partial spectral and temporal overlap. Furthermore, since the hopping sequence in each network is independent, our model can easily be used to determine the interference from multiple networks by simply applying it pairwise and combining the results using elementary probability theory. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Air & Space Intelligence Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baldwin, R (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rusty.baldwin@afit.edu; brian.peterson@wpafb.af.mil; robert.mills@afit.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0164-1212 J9 J SYST SOFTWARE JI J. Syst. Softw. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 79 IS 12 BP 1782 EP 1788 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2006.03.036 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 115UX UT WOS:000242760400010 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Chang, PS Simpson, BD Wang, DL AF Brungart, Douglas S. Chang, Peter S. Simpson, Brian D. Wang, DeLiang TI Isolating the energetic com ponent of speech-on-speech masking with ideal time-frequency segregation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL SEPARATION; RECOGNITION; HEARING; CUES; IDENTIFICATION; PERCEPTION AB When a target speech signal is obscured by an interfering speech wave form, comprehension of the target message depends both on the successful detection of the energy from the target speech wave form and on the successful extraction and recognition of the spectro-temporal energy pattern of the target out of a background of acoustically similar masker sounds. This study attempted to isolate the effects that energetic masking, defined as the loss of detectable target information due to the spectral overlap of the target and masking signals, has on multitalker speech perception. This was achieved through the use of ideal time-frequency binary masks that retained those spectro-temporal regions of the acoustic mixture that were dominated by the target speech but eliminated those regions that were dominated by the interfering speech. The results suggest that energetic masking plays a relatively small role in the overall masking that occurs when speech is masked by interfering speech but a much more significant role when speech is masked by interfering noise. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cognit Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil; Chang.549@osu.edu NR 33 TC 189 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 120 IS 6 BP 4007 EP 4018 DI 10.1121/1.2363929 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 118RM UT WOS:000242959400054 PM 17225427 ER PT J AU Hollis, K Bartram, B Withers, J Storm, R Massarello, J AF Hollis, K. Bartram, B. Withers, J. Storm, R. Massarello, J. TI Plasma transferred arc deposition of beryllium SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference (ITSC 2006) CY MAY, 2006 CL Seattle, WA DE beryllium (Be); plasma transferred arc; structural material; tensile strength; wetting AB The exceptional properties of beryllium (Be), including low density and high elastic modulus, make it the material of choice in many defense and aerospace applications. However, health hazards associated with Be material handling limit the applications that are suited for its use. Innovative solutions that enable continued use of Be in critical applications while addressing worker health concerns are highly desirable. Plasma transferred arc solid free-form fabrication is being evaluated as a Be fabrication technique for civilian and military space-based components. Initial experiments producing Be deposits are reported here. Deposit shape, microstructure, and mechanical properties are reported. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. MER Corp, Tucson, AZ USA. USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Hollis, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM kjhollis@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 785 EP 789 DI 10.1361/10599306X146820 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 118ZC UT WOS:000242981000054 ER PT J AU Eastridge, BJ Jenkins, D Flaherty, S Schiller, H Holcomb, JB AF Eastridge, Brian J. Jenkins, Donald Flaherty, Stephen Schiller, Henry Holcomb, John B. TI Trauma system development in a theater of war: Experiences from operation Iraq freedom and operation enduring freedom SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 22-24, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE battlefleld; combat; system; trauma; quality improvement; war ID COMBAT CASUALTY CARE; UNITED-STATES; BATTLEFIELD; TOURNIQUETS; AFGHANISTAN; PERSPECTIVE; LESSONS; HISTORY; ARMY AB Background: Medical lessons learned from Vietnam and previous military conflicts led to the development of civilian trauma systems in the United States. Operation Iraqi Freedom represents the first protracted, large-scale, armed conflict since the advent of civilian trauma systems in which to evaluate a similar paradigm on the battlefield. Methods: Collaborative efforts between the joint military forces of the United States initiated development of a theater trauma system in May 2004. Formal implementation of the system occurred in November 2004, the collaborative effort of the three Surgeons General of the U.S. military, the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, and the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. One trauma surgeon (Trauma System Director) and a team of six trauma nurse coordinators were deployed to theater to evaluate trauma system component issues. Demographic, mechanistic, physiologic, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome data were gathered for 4,700 injured patients using the Joint Theater Trauma Registry. Interview and survey methods were utilized to evaluate logistic aspects of the system. Results: System implementation identified more than 30 systemic issues requiring policy development, research, education, evaluation of medical resource allocation, and alterations in clinical care. Among the issues were transfer of casualties from point of injury to the most appropriate level of care, trauma clinical practice guidelines, standard forms, prophylactic antibiotic regimens, morbidity/mortality reporting, on-line medical evacuation regulation, improved data capture for the trauma registry, and implementation of a performance improvement program. Conclusions: The implementation of a theater trauma system demonstrated numerous opportunities to improve the outcome of soldiers wounded on the battlefield. C1 USA, Dept Surg, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Fayetteville, AR USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Surg, Rochester, MN USA. RP Eastridge, BJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE SDI, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM brian.eastridge@amedd.army.mil NR 40 TC 150 Z9 162 U1 7 U2 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD DEC PY 2006 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1366 EP 1372 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000245894.78941.90 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 119CI UT WOS:000242989400012 PM 17159678 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, TE AF Rasmussen, Todd E. TI A case of unusual blunt peripheral artery injuries: The expanded use of CT and endovascular embolization - Editorial comment SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Editorial Material ID STENT C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Vasc & Endovasc Surg Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Vasc & Endovasc Surg Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD DEC PY 2006 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1535 EP 1535 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 119CI UT WOS:000242989400045 ER PT J AU Matras, AL Flowers, GT Fuentes, R Balas, M Fausz, J AF Matras, Alex L. Flowers, George T. Fuentes, Robert Balas, Mark Fausz, Jerry TI Suppression of persistent rotor vibrations using adaptive techniques SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID UNBALANCE COMPENSATION; MAGNETIC BEARINGS; DISTURBANCES; REJECTION; RUNOUT AB Recent work in the area of adaptive control has seen the development of techniques for the adaptive rejection of persistent disturbances for structural systems. They have been implemented and tested for large-scale structural systems, with promising results, but have not been widely applied to smaller-scale systems and devices. Rotor systems are subject to a variety of persistent disturbances (for example, due to mass imbalance, blade-pass effects) that occur at the rotor running speed or multiples of the running speed. The frequencies of such disturbance forces are generally known, but their magnitudes tend to vary over time. Adaptive techniques to counter the effects of such disturbances would appear to be a promising strategy in this regard. In order to assess the effectiveness of adaptive disturbance rejection for rotor applications and identify issues associated with implementation, an adaptive disturbance rejection control is developed, implemented, and tested for a magnetic-bearing-supported rotor system. Some conclusions and insights concerning the application of this method to rotor system vibration suppression are presented and discussed. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Boeing SVS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Matras, AL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Alex.Matras@colorado.edu; flowegt@auburn.edu; robea.j.fuentes@boeing.com; MBalas@uwyo.edu; jerry.fausz@kirtland.af.mil NR 19 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2006 VL 128 IS 6 BP 682 EP 689 DI 10.1115/1.2345668 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 111DO UT WOS:000242431800002 ER PT J AU Groeber, MA Haley, BK Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Ghosh, S AF Groeber, M. A. Haley, B. K. Uchic, M. D. Dimiduk, D. M. Ghosh, S. TI 3D reconstruction and characterization of polycrystalline microstructures using a FIB-SEM system SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE microstructure; morphology; characterization; focused-ion-beam ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; ION-BEAM MICROSCOPY; 3-DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERIZATION AB A novel methodology is described in this paper which is a step towards three-dimensional representation of grain structures for microstructure characterization and processing microstructural data for subsequent computational analysis. It facilitates evaluation of stereological parameters of grain structures from a series of two-dimensional (2D) electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps. Crystallographic orientation maps of consecutive serial sections of a micron-size specimen are collected in an automated manner using a dual-beam focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) outfitted with an EBSD system. Analysis of the serial-sectioning data is accomplished using a special purpose software program called "Micro-Imager". Micro-Imager is able to output characterization parameters such as the distribution of grain size, number of neighboring grains, and grain orientation and misorientation for every 2D section. Some of these data can be compared with results from stereological exercises. Stacking the 2D statistical information obtained from the analysis of the serial-sectioning data provides a means to quantify the variability of grain structure in 3D. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ghosh, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ghosh.5@osu.edu RI Ghosh, Somnath/A-2867-2012 NR 18 TC 138 Z9 145 U1 6 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 57 IS 4-5 BP 259 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2006.01.019 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 122YJ UT WOS:000243263200006 ER PT J AU Pollak, R Palazotto, A Nicholas, T AF Pollak, R. Palazotto, A. Nicholas, T. TI A simulation-based investigation of the staircase method for fatigue strength testing SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE staircase testing; fatigue strength testing; bootstrapping; numerical simulation; fatigue limit ID LIMIT AB A critical evaluation of the statistics of the fatigue strength distribution as determined by the staircase (or up-and-down) method is presented. The effects of test parameters (namely, step size and sample size) were analyzed using numerical simulation to determine the accuracy of fatigue strength standard deviation calculations using traditional staircase statistics, resulting in a quantification of standard deviation bias as a function of step size and sample size. A non-linear correction was formulated to mitigate this standard deviation bias inherent in small-sample tests. In addition, the simulation was used to investigate the effectiveness of a bootstrapping algorithm on standard deviation estimates. The bootstrapping algorithm was found to significantly reduce the potential of large standard deviation errors in small-sample tests. Together, the use of the non-linear correction factor and the bootstrapping algorithm may allow an improved method to estimate the statistics of a material's fatigue strength distribution using a small-sample staircase test strategy. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pollak, R (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM afrl.mlp.office.account@wpath.af.mil NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1170 EP 1181 DI 10.1016/j.mechmat.2005.12.005 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 079ZJ UT WOS:000240216100006 ER PT J AU Hartley, CS AF Hartley, Craig S. TI Strain and the quantitative characterization of anisotropic microstructures SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TENSOR AB Microstructures exhibit both crystallographic and morphological anisotropy. The orientation distribution function (ODF) for P-L(t), the number of intersections per unit length of boundaries with test lines parallel to a unit vector, t, describes morphological anisotropy, the spatial distribution of internal interfaces that separate grains or phases. Weak anisotropy refers to a microstructure such that P-L(t) vs t is an ellipsoid. Coefficients of the direction cosines in the equation of the ellipsoid form a Cartesian tensor called the microstructural anisotropy tensor (MAT). This work develops a measure of internal total strain, the Eulerian finite grain strain tensor (EFGST), based on the MAT. The reference state for the EFGST is an isotropic network having the same surface area per unit volume, S-V, as the deformed specimen. Analysis of the deformation of the network of ferrite-ferrite boundaries in a specimen of 1020 steel deformed in uniaxial tension illustrates that the EFGST measured at the centroid of the gage section changes congruently with a similar measure of bulk deformation, both having principal axes aligned with those of the bulk deformation. However, the values of strain are not identical due to nonuniform deformation in the gage section after necking. C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Hartley, CS (reprint author), El Arroyo Enterprises, Sedona, AZ 86336 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37A IS 12 BP 3531 EP 3539 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-1048-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 117XZ UT WOS:000242907900021 ER PT J AU Senkova, SV Senkov, ON Miracle, DB AF Senkova, S. V. Senkov, O. N. Miracle, D. B. TI Cryogenic and elevated temperature strengths of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy modified with Sc and Zr SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; AL(SC) ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE; SCANDIUM; CAST; PRECIPITATION; ALUMINUM AB The effect of minor additions of Sc and Zr on tensile properties of two developmental AI-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was studied in the temperature range -196 degrees C to 300 degrees C. Due to the presence of Sc and Zr in a fine dispersoid form, both low-temperature and elevated temperature strengths of these alloys are much higher than those of similar 7000 series alloys that do not contain these elements. After short holding times (up to 10 hours) at 205 degrees C, the strength of these alloys is higher than those of high-temperature Al alloys 2219-T6 and 2618-T6; however, the latter alloys show better strength after longer holding times. It is suggested that additional alloying of the Sc-containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with other dispersoid-forming elements, such as Ni, Fe, Mn, and Si, with a respective decrease in the amounts of Zn and Mg may further improve the elevated temperature strength and decrease the loss of strength with extended elevated temperature exposure. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkova, SV (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37A IS 12 BP 3569 EP 3575 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-1051-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 117XZ UT WOS:000242907900024 ER PT J AU Page, BD AF Page, Bruce D., Jr. TI American theocracy: The peril and politics of radical religion, oil, and borrowed money in the 21st century SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USA, Judge Advocate Gen Legal Ctr & Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 55, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Page, BD (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD WIN-SPR PY 2006 VL 190 BP 175 EP 184 PG 10 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 217IS UT WOS:000249942200005 ER PT J AU Zabarankin, M Uryasev, S Murphey, R AF Zabarankin, Michael Uryasev, Stan Murphey, Robert TI Aircraft routing under the risk of detection SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE trajectory optimization; optimal path planning; risk minimization; risk of detection; analytical solution; network optimization; network optimization algorithm; Calculus of Variations; aircraft; radar cross-section ID SHORTEST-PATH PROBLEM; GLOBALLY OPTIMAL TRAJECTORIES; EFFICIENT ALGORITHMS AB The deterministic problem for finding an aircraft's optimal risk trajectory in a threat environment has been formulated. The threat is associated with the risk of aircraft detection by radars or similar sensors. The model considers an aircraft's trajectory in three-dimensional (3-D) space and represents the aircraft by a symmetrical ellipsoid with the axis of symmetry directing the trajectory. Analytical and discrete optimization approaches for routing an aircraft with variable radar cross-section (RCS) subject to a constraint on the trajectory length have been developed. Through techniques of Calculus of Variations, the analytical approach reduces the original risk optimization problem to a vectorial nonlinear differential equation. In the case of a single detecting installation, a solution to this equation is expressed by a quadrature. A network optimization approach reduces the original problem to the Constrained Shortest Path Problem (CSPP) for a 3-D network. The CSPP has been solved for various ellipsoid shapes and different length constraints in cases with several radars. The impact of ellipsoid shape on the geometry of an optimal trajectory as well as the impact of variable RCS on the performance of a network optimization algorithm have been analyzed and illustrated by several numerical examples. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Math Sci, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Univ Florida, ISE Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Zabarankin, M (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Math Sci, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM mzabaran@stevens.edu RI URYASEV, Stan/O-5231-2014 OI URYASEV, Stan/0000-0001-6950-3966 NR 26 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 8 BP 728 EP 747 DI 10.1002/nav.20165 PG 20 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 106OB UT WOS:000242109200001 ER PT J AU Jeffcoat, DE Krokhmal, PA Zhupanska, OI AF Jeffcoat, David E. Krokhmal, Pavlo A. Zhupanska, Olesya I. TI Effects of cueing in cooperative search SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE cooperative search; target detection; cueing; Markov chains AB We consider the effects of cueing in a cooperative search mission that involves several autonomous agents. Two scenarios are discussed: one in which the search is conducted by a number of identical search-and-engage vehicles and one where these vehicles are assisted by a search-only (reconnaissance) asset. The cooperation between the autonomous agents is facilitated via cueing, i.e., the information transmitted to the agents by a searcher that has just detected a target. The effect of cueing on the target detection probability is derived from first principles using a Markov chain analysis. In particular, it is demonstrated that the benefit of cueing on the system's effectiveness is bounded. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Univ Florida, REEF Res Ctr, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. RP Krokhmal, PA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 2403 Seamans Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM krokhmal@engineering.uiowa.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 8 BP 814 EP 821 DI 10.1002/nav.20172 PG 8 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 106OB UT WOS:000242109200007 ER PT J AU Massarello, JJ Welsh, JS Hochhalter, JD Maji, AK Fuierer, PA AF Massarello, Jack J. Welsh, Jeffry S. Hochhalter, Jake D. Maji, Arup K. Fuierer, Paul A. TI Fiber print-through mitigation technique for composite mirror replication SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optical Materials and Structures Technologies CY AUG, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE mirror replication; fiber print-through; resin layers; magnetic fiber migration AB The quickest method for generating a lightweight composite optic is to replicate an optical-quality glass tool onto a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer ( CFRP ). However, fiber print-through creates an unacceptable sinusoidal surface roughness on replicated CFRP mirrors; chemical and thermal shrinkage during cure are commonly hypothesized to be the dominant causes. In order to mitigate fiber print-through, two methods of generating a polishable resin layer were investigated. The first method employs the application of a resin film to the CFRP surface. The second method, which is a more unconventional approach, generates a cocured resin layer using magnetic fibers. The latter approach is being developed to eliminate the application of additional resin layers to the CFRP surface, since additional layers present structural disadvantages. It was found that the magnetic fiber technique is comparable to the conventional approach in mitigating fiber print-through. Due to the presence of a 0.25-mm-thick buffer above the reinforcing phase, a final polishing step was used to attain optical quality features on all of the replicated specimens. CFRP and magnetic fiber samples were polished to within 50-angstrom rms roughness ( 1-mu m to 1-mm bandwidth ). (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Massarello, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jack.massarello@kirtland.af.mil NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 45 IS 12 AR 123401 DI 10.1117/1.2402497 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 134DY UT WOS:000244064300007 ER PT J AU Hill, DH Arena, DA Bartynski, RA Wu, P Saraf, G Lu, Y Wielunski, L Gateau, R Dvorak, J Moodenbaugh, A Yeo, YK AF Hill, D. H. Arena, D. A. Bartynski, R. A. Wu, P. Saraf, G. Lu, Y. Wielunski, L. Gateau, R. Dvorak, J. Moodenbaugh, A. Yeo, Yung Kee TI Room temperature ferromagnetism in Mn ion implanted epitaxial ZnO films SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DOPED ZNO; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; CRYSTALS; BULK; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPINTRONICS; STABILITY; ORIGIN; OXIDE AB Epitaxial ZnO films of similar to 450 nm thicknesses were grown by MOCVD on r-sapphire and doped by implantation of 200 keV Mn ions to a dose of 5 x 10(16) ions/cm(2). The structural, chemical, and magnetic properties of the films were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and SQUID magnetometry. XRD and RBS show both Mn-doped ZnO and pure ZnO epitaxial layers in the as-implanted film, which is ferromagnetic at 5 K but nonmagnetic at room temperature. For the as-implanted materials, only Mn2+ ions are observed with XAS. Post-implantation annealing partially recovers the lattice damage and redistributes Mn into the entire ZnO film; in addition, Mn2+ ions are converted to a mixture of Mn3+ and Mn4+, and ferromagnetism is now observed above 300 K. Our results show that ion implantation is a viable route for achieving room temperature ferromagnetism in epitaxial ZnO films. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bartynski, RA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM bart@physics.rutgers.edu OI Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 203 IS 15 BP 3836 EP 3843 DI 10.1002/pssa.200622134 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 122GO UT WOS:000243213900031 ER PT J AU U'Ren, AB Erdmann, RK de la Cruz-Gutierrez, M Walmsley, IA AF U'Ren, Alfred B. Erdmann, Reinhard K. de la Cruz-Gutierrez, Manuel Walmsley, Ian A. TI Generation of two-photon states with an arbitrary degree of entanglement via nonlinear crystal superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOWN-CONVERSION; SINGLE PHOTONS; INFORMATION; DRIVEN; DEVICE; PUMP AB We demonstrate a general method of engineering the joint quantum state of photon pairs produced in spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The method makes use of a superlattice structure of nonlinear and linear materials, in conjunction with a broadband pump, to manipulate the group delays of the signal and idler photons relative to the pump pulse, and realizes photon pairs described by a joint spectral amplitude with arbitrary degree of entanglement. This method of group-delay engineering has the potential of synthesizing a broad range of states including factorizable states crucial for quantum networking and states optimized for Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry. Experimental results for the latter case are presented, illustrating the principles of this approach. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. CICESE, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP U'Ren, AB (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI de la Cruz Gutierrez, Manuel/Q-7750-2016 OI de la Cruz Gutierrez, Manuel/0000-0001-8796-941X NR 30 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 22 AR 223602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.223602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 112PL UT WOS:000242538700024 PM 17155803 ER PT J AU Ruden, EL Zhang, SY Intrator, TP Wurden, GA AF Ruden, E. L. Zhang, Shouyin Intrator, T. P. Wurden, G. A. TI Experimental profile evolution of a high-density field-reversed configuration SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION; ROTATIONAL INSTABILITIES; THETA-PINCH; FRX-L; PLASMA; RADIUS AB A field-reversed configuration (FRC) gains angular momentum over time, eventually resulting in an n=2 rotational instability (invariant under rotation by pi) terminating confinement. To study this, a laser interferometer probes the time history of line integrated plasma density along eight chords of the high-density (similar to 10(17) cm(-3)) field-reversed configuration experiment with a liner. Abel and tomographic inversions provide density profiles during the FRC's azimuthally symmetric phase, and over a period when the rotational mode has saturated and rotates with a roughly fixed profile, respectively. During the latter part of the symmetric phase, the FRC approximates a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium, allowing the axial magnetic-field profile to be calculated from pressure balance. Basic FRC properties such as temperature and poloidal flux are then inferred. The subsequent two-dimensional n=2 density profiles provide angular momentum information needed to set bounds on prior values of the stability relevant parameter alpha (rotational to ion diamagnetic drift frequency ratio), in addition to a view of plasma kinematics useful for benchmarking plasma models of higher order than MHD. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 12 AR 122505 DI 10.1063/1.2402130 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 121LJ UT WOS:000243158800025 ER PT J AU Cummings, RM Morton, SA AF Cummings, R. M. Morton, S. A. TI Continuing evolution of aerodynamic concept development using collaborative numerical and experimental evaluations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Integrating Computational Fluids Dynamics and Experiments in Aerodynamics CY SEP, 2005 CL Cranfield Univ, Shrivenham Campus, Swindon, ENGLAND HO Cranfield Univ, Shrivenham Campus DE computational fluid dynamics; experimental aerodynamics; unsteady aerodynamics AB Traditionally, computational predictions and experimental evaluations of aerodynamic concepts have been conducted separately, with little collaboration other than post priori comparisons of results. This has led to distrust and even antagonism between the computational and the experimental communities. These difficulties probably began when early computational fluid dynamic practitioners boasted that wind tunnels would become secondary in aerodynamic concept development within a few short years, a prediction that has not come true. On the contrary, it is believed that a great deal of synergy can be cultivated when computational and experimental evaluations are conducted in an integrative fashion. A variety of projects where this has been done will be reviewed, including a pitching Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle, a delta wing with periodic suction and blowing for aerodynamic control, a missile with drag brakes that caused excessive unsteady flow, a C-130 aircraft configured for airdrop, and closed-loop flow control. Further evolution of the numerical/experimental collaboration will be discussed showing results from the flow control research where the dividing line between numerical predictions and experimental evaluations is becoming blurred. Suggestions for future directions in collaboration will also be made. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cummings, RM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H27, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM russ.cummings@usafa.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 220 IS G6 BP 545 EP 557 DI 10.1243/09544100JAERO71 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 122SK UT WOS:000243246800002 ER PT J AU Ionin, AA Klimachev, YM Kozlov, AY Kotkov, AA Kurnosov, AK Napartovich, AP Rulev, OA Seleznev, LV Sinitsyn, DV Hager, GD Shhnyrev, SL AF Ionin, A. A. Klimachev, Yu. M. Kozlov, A. Yu. Kotkov, A. A. Kurnosov, A. K. Napartovich, A. P. Rulev, O. A. Seleznev, L. V. Sinitsyn, D. V. Hager, G. D. Shhnyrev, S. L. TI A pulsed overtone CO laser with efficiency of 16 % SO QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE e-beam sustained discharge laser; overtone CO laser; electrooptical efficiency; local specific energy input ID 2.5-4.2-MU-M RANGE; VIBRATIONAL OVERTONE; MOLECULE; GAIN AB It is shown that the efficiency of a pulsed e-beam sustained discharge overtone CO laser in the multiline regime achieves 16% and in the single-line regime its efficiency is 0.75%. The theoretical and experimental data are in good agreement taking into account the local specific energy input. C1 Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. Troitsk Inst Innovat & Fus Res, Sate Res Ctr Russian Federat, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Region, Russia. USAF, Res Labs, Kirkland AFB, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Ionin, AA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Leninsky Prosp 53, Moscow 119991, Russia. EM aion@sci.lebedev.ru RI Selenev, Leonid/K-7441-2015; Kozlov, Andrey/K-8051-2015; Sinitsyn, Dmitry/L-7874-2015; Ionin, Andrey/M-3857-2015; Rulev, Oleg/M-8731-2015; Napartovich, Anatoly/C-1081-2016; Kotkov, Andrei/K-7590-2015; Klimachev, Yury/K-7607-2015; Rulev, Oleg/C-1051-2017 OI Selenev, Leonid/0000-0002-8121-9914; Kozlov, Andrey/0000-0003-2269-8051; Sinitsyn, Dmitry/0000-0002-7448-6459; Ionin, Andrey/0000-0003-3119-4592; Rulev, Oleg/0000-0002-1140-3310; Kotkov, Andrei/0000-0001-5967-0840; Klimachev, Yury/0000-0001-6784-1590; NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TURPION LTD PI LETCHWORTH PA TURPIN DISTRIBUTION SERVICES, BLACKHORSE RD, LETCHWORTH SG6 1HN, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 1063-7818 J9 QUANTUM ELECTRON+ JI Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1153 EP 1154 DI 10.1070/QE2006v036n12ABEH013330 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 150JA UT WOS:000245211100010 ER PT J AU Hamate, Y Horie, Y AF Hamate, Y. Horie, Y. TI Ignition and detonation of solid explosives: a micromechanical burn model SO SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article DE high explosives; hot spot initiation; detonation ID SHOCK INITIATION; STATE; FAILURE AB This paper describes a new computational framework for modeling splid explosives and proof-of-concept calculations. Our goal is to expand predictive model capability through the inclusion of various micro-mechanical burn processes. We propose a model which is complicated enough to represent underlying physics, but simple enough for engineering scale computations. Key components of the model include energy localization, the growth of hot spots, micro-mechanics in/around hot spots, and a phase-averaged mixture equation of state. The nucleation and growth of locally heated regions is treated by a statistical model based on an exponential size distribution. Proof-of-concept calculations are limited to shock loading, but show the capability of simulating Pop-plots, initial temperature effect, detonation waves in 2D, detonation shock confinement test, and multi-dimensional effects in a unified fashion based on micro-physics. C1 Univ Florida, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Hamate, Y (reprint author), Univ Florida, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. EM hamate@reef.ufl.edu NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-1287 J9 SHOCK WAVES JI Shock Waves PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 2 BP 125 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s00193-006-0038-x PG 23 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 113QE UT WOS:000242611600004 ER PT J AU Kuncicky, DM Naik, RR Velev, OD AF Kuncicky, Daniel M. Naik, Rajesh R. Velev, Orlin D. TI Rapid deposition and long-range alignment of nanocoatings and arrays of electrically conductive wires from tobacco mosaic virus SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE fibers; microwires; nanocoatings; templates; viruses ID NANOPARTICLES; DNA; ORGANIZATION; SUSPENSIONS; TEMPLATES; NANOWIRES; PEPTIDES; PATTERNS; SURFACES; DRIVEN C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Raiesh.Naik@WPAFB.AF.MIL; odvetev@unity.ncsu.edu RI Velev, Orlin/A-2853-2008 NR 30 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD DEC PY 2006 VL 2 IS 12 BP 1462 EP 1466 DI 10.1002/smll.200600399 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 108YT UT WOS:000242275800014 PM 17193007 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Adams, DE Jata, K AF Jiang, Hao Adams, Douglas E. Jata, Kumar TI Material damage modeling and detection in a homogeneous thin metallic sheet and sandwich panel using passive acoustic transmission SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE damage detection; panels; acoustic; non-contact sensing; sound intensity ID SUPPORTED RECTANGULAR-PLATES; SOUND RADIATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; HEAVY FLUID; VIBRATION; EMISSION; ALUMINUM; BEAMS; FIELD; CRACK AB A passive acoustic method is developed for material damage detection and location in homogeneous thin metallic sheets and sandwich panels using non-contact acoustic transmission measurements. Theoretical models of a flat sheet and sandwich panel are developed to describe the effects of global material damage due to density, modulus, or thickness changes on backplane radiated sound pressure level distributions. To describe the effects of local material damage, a two-dimensional, three-segment stepped beam model is developed. It is shown that increases in transmitted sound energy at high frequencies occur behind a damaged material component that exhibits changes in thickness or other geometric or material property. Experiments on a baffled homogeneous sheet subjected to broadband acoustic energy show that transmitted intensity measurements with non-contact probes can be used to identify and locate material defects in the sheet. Material damage is most readily identified where transmitted sound intensity is highest in the resonant frequency range of the panel. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adams, DE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, 140 S Intramural Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM deadams@purdue.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 5 IS 4 BP 373 EP 387 DI 10.1177/1475921706067764 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 120GC UT WOS:000243071500006 ER PT J AU Henderson, CR Brady, SP AF Henderson, Charles R. Brady, Stephan P. TI CONUS prepositioned afloat aircraft carriers: A concept for mobilizing heavy brigdes SO TRANSPORTATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This research breaks from current prepositioning paradigms in order to answer the question: Could re-commissioned aircraft carriers prepositioned with heavy brigades in CONUS ports enhance the United States' ability to respond to global contingencies? The methodology used was an open-ended panel interview conducted during two site visits. The first was to the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard's Inactive Ships facility in Bremerton, Washington to inspect the decommissioned USS Constellation aircraft carrier. This panel primarily focused on the generation of size and cost data. The second visit was to Goose Creek, South Carolina for a panel interview with DynCorp contractors responsible for the exercise and care of afloat stocks. This panel focused on the ability of the ship's elevators and top deck to increase readiness by enabling the use of more rigorous land-based maintenance and exercising criteria. The study concludes that reactivation cost estimates are far below those previously espoused by similar research efforts. The use of the top deck and modified ship and maintenance regulations can enhance readiness of prepositioned stocks. Finally, the carrier's speed makes projection from CONUS ports a critical enabler for homeland defense in the global war on terror. C1 USAF, Airlift Squadron 22, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Wright State Univ, ISOM, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Henderson, CR (reprint author), USAF, Airlift Squadron 22, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM charles.henderson@travis.af.mil; Stephan.brady@wright.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 EYE ST, NW, SUITE 1050, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0041-1612 J9 TRANSPORT J JI Transp. J. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 BP 16 EP 29 PG 14 WC Management; Transportation SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA V44CF UT WOS:000202980100002 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Voevodin, AA Hu, JJ Zabinski, JS AF Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. Hu, J. J. Zabinski, J. S. TI Multilayered YSZ-Ag-Mo/TiN adaptive tribological nanocomposite coatings SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE adaptive; coatings; high-temperature; multilayers ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; COMPOSITE COATINGS; SOLID LUBRICANTS; FILMS; GOLD; BEHAVIOR AB Adaptive nanocomposite coatings provide low friction in broad ranges of environmental conditions through the formation of lubricious surfaces resulting from interactions with the ambient atmosphere. Designing adaptive coatings to withstand wear through repeated thermal cycles is particularly difficult since most demonstrate irreversible changes in surface composition and morphology. This permanent change in the condition of the surface limits the utility of adaptive coatings in applications where thermal cycling is expected. Moreover, some lubrication mechanisms occur over the entire coating surface in addition to the area experiencing wear, which results in a significant waste of lubricant. In an effort to increase the wear lifetime and move toward thermal cycling capabilities of solid adaptive lubricants, a multilayer coating architecture incorporating two layers of adaptive YSZ-Ag-Mo nanocomposite lubricant separated by a TiN diffusion barrier was produced. The multilayer coating lasted over five times longer than a monolithic adaptive coating of identical composition and total thickness for dry sliding tests at 500 degrees C in air. Analysis of the structure and composition of the films after heating suggests directed, lateral diffusion of lubricant beneath the diffusion barrier toward the wear scar as a mechanism for the increased wear life of the multilayer coating. C1 USAF, UTC Inc, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, UES Inc, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), USAF, UTC Inc, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 24 IS 3 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1007/s11249-006-9143-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 111HD UT WOS:000242441100004 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Gupta, S Pavuk, M Roehrborn, CG AF Gupta, Amit Gupta, Sachin Pavuk, Marian Roehrborn, Claus G. TI Anthropometric and metabolic factors and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective cohort study of Air Force veterans SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINARY-TRACT SYMPTOMS; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; SURVEY NHANES-III; MEN; OBESITY; GROWTH; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION AB Objectives. The relationship between anthropometric and metabolic factors and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is poorly understood. We investigated the associations of BPH with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in this prospective study of Vietnam War veterans. Methods. A total of 1206 participants in the comparison arm of the Air Force Health Study with a median follow-up of 15.6 years were included in this study. The "Ranch Hand" group, occupationally exposed to herbicides, was excluded to eliminate any confounding from exposure to herbicides. BPH was determined by medical record review using the International Classification of Diseases and Related Problems, Ninth Revision. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models for the statistical analysis. Results. The median age for BPH diagnosis was 58.6 years. On multivariate analyses, increasing age (relative risk [RR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 1.17), height (RR 1.02, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.03), and fasting blood glucose (RR 1.004, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.007) were associated with increased risk. The effect of age varied with the duration of follow-up. A greater systolic blood pressure (RR 0.992, 95% CI 0.986 to 0.997) was associated with decreased risk of BPH. A dose-response effect was seen for age, height, and systolic blood pressure. No effect was seen for weight, body mass index, change in weight or body mass index, lipids, thyroid hormone status, or the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions. The risk of BPH increased with increasing age, height, and fasting blood glucose levels. The risk was decreased with a greater systolic blood pressure. No relationship was seen between BPH and metabolic syndrome, weight, body mass index, lipid level, or thyroid hormone status. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Dallas, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, SpecPro Inc, Air Force Hlth Study Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Roehrborn, CG (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM Claus.Roehrborn@UTSouthwestern.edu NR 29 TC 44 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1198 EP 1205 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2006.09.034 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 117JR UT WOS:000242869900013 PM 17169643 ER PT J AU Christ, JA Ramsburg, CA Pennell, KD Abriola, LM AF Christ, John A. Ramsburg, C. Andrew Pennell, Kurt D. Abriola, Linda M. TI Estimating mass discharge from dense nonaqueous phase liquid source zones using upscaled mass transfer coefficients: An evaluation using multiphase numerical simulations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; UNIFORM-FLOW FIELDS; AQUIFER REMEDIATION SYSTEMS; DNAPL SOURCE ZONES; NAPL DISSOLUTION; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; SCALE HETEROGENEITY; POOL DISSOLUTION; CONTAMINANT FLUX AB [1] Difficulties associated with identifying the dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zone architecture at the field scale, combined with the computational costs of field-scale DNAPL dissolution simulations, have motivated the development of a number of simplified models that rely upon upscaled (i.e., domain-averaged) mass transfer coefficients to approximate field-scale dissolution processes. While conceptually attractive, these upscaled models have yet to be fully evaluated for prediction of mass recovery from a range of nonuniform, three-dimensional DNAPL source zones. This study compares upscaled model predictions of flux-weighted downstream concentrations and source longevity to predictions derived from three-dimensional multiphase numerical simulation of tetrachloroethene (PCE)-NAPL dissolution for realizations of a statistically homogeneous, nonuniform aquifer. Although the functional forms of the upscaled models are generally shown to be mathematically equivalent, upscaled model flux-weighted concentration predictions varied by over one order of magnitude, with variations attributed to the dependence of the upscaled model parameters on the specific source zone scenario used for model calibration. Replacement of upscaled model calibration parameters with source zone parameters that can be obtained from site characterization information ( specifically, the initial flux-weighted concentration and source zone ganglia-to-pool (GTP) mass ratio) reduced the root-mean-square error between upscaled and numerical model predictions by approximately 80%. Application of this modified model to a range of source zone scenarios (0.4 < GTP < infinity) demonstrates the efficacy of the model for use as a screening tool to relate DNAPL mass removal and flux-weighted concentrations when mass removal is less than 80%. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Christ, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2343 Farichild Dr,Suite 6J-159, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.christ@usafa.af.mil; linda.abriola@tufts.edu RI Ramsburg, Andrew/A-8532-2008; Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010; Abriola, Linda/F-7624-2010 OI Ramsburg, Andrew/0000-0002-7138-6575; Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397; NR 75 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 28 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 11 AR W11420 DI 10.1029/2006WR004886 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 115QD UT WOS:000242747900002 ER PT J AU Lu, W Koerner, H Vaia, R AF Lu, Wei Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard TI Effect of electric field on exfoliation of nanoplates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES AB Nanocomposite performance relies on reproducible dispersion and arrangement of nanoparticles, such that the dominant morphology across macroscopic dimensions is nanoscopic. The impact of electric fields on the interaction of nanoplates is discussed for improving dispersion. For ideal dielectrics, an electric field may assist (or retard) exfoliation depending on the angle between a collection of plates and the field. A critical electric field strength for exfoliation is predicted. Structural refinement occurs by cleavage through the center of the stack. For lossy dielectrics, frequency can be tuned to cause exfoliation in all plate orientations. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, W (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM weilu@umich.edu NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 22 AR 223118 DI 10.1063/1.2398913 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 112PJ UT WOS:000242538500103 ER PT J AU Flusche, BM Alley, TG Russell, TH Roh, WB AF Flusche, Brian M. Alley, Thomas G. Russell, Timothy H. Roh, Won B. TI Multi-port beam combination and cleanup in large multimode fiber using stimulated Raman scattering SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; LASER AB We demonstrated the successful combination and cleanup of four laser beams via stimulated Raman scattering ( SRS) using a multi- port fiber combiner and a large multimode fiber. Multiple Stokes orders were observed in the output, but loss at longer wavelengths reduced the transmission of the higher Stokes orders and limited the SRS conversion efficiency. SRS beam cleanup was also investigated using a single laser beam. The output beam had a measured M 2 better than 2 for fiber lengths from 400- 1400 meters. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Flusche, BM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENP, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.alley@afit.edu NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 14 IS 24 BP 11748 EP 11755 DI 10.1364/OE.14.011748 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 109RH UT WOS:000242325700031 PM 19529597 ER PT J AU Fox, C Merali, Z Harrison, C AF Fox, Cosette Merali, Zu Harrison, Catherine TI Therapeutic and protective effect of environmental enrichment against psychogenic and neurogenic stress SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE environmental enrichment; stress; psychogenic; neurogenic; corticosterone; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis ID RESTRICTED DAILY EXPOSURE; KILLER-CELL ACTIVITY; 2 INBRED STRAINS; BRAIN-INJURY; RAT LINES; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY; MATERNAL SEPARATION; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; PRENATAL STRESS AB Environmental enrichment (EE) has beneficial neurobiological, physiological and behavioral effects. The purpose of the present paper is to review the animal research literature pertaining to the impact of EE on altering physiological and behavioral anxiety outcomes. Evidence supports the view that EE attenuates responses to certain anxiety provoking situations, and that these effects persist over time. Specifically, EE attenuates behavioral anxiety-type responses and endocrine responses mediated via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis evoked by psychogenic and/or neurogenic stressors. EE is not only able to protect:from excessive anxiety in response to a present stressor, but also attenuates the enduring or persistent effects engendered by past psychogenic stressor(s) such as prenatal stress or neonatal maternal separation. It is noteworthy that the protective effects of EE are particularly apparent in animals that are highly anxious or when the task is highly challenging for the subject. Various mechanisms of action of EE have been proposed, ranging from behavioral/cognitive to cellular/molecular processes. A pronounced variability in the enrichment protocols used by different investigators may account for some of the inconsistencies noted in the effect of EE on behavioral (e.g. anxiety) and endocrine (e.g. plasma corticosterone) responses. Although the occasional inconsistencies highlight the need for further research, a preponderance of the animal research data indicates that EE exerts therapeutic and protective (anxiolytic) effects against (a) impending threat, (b) enduring effects of past stressor(s) and (c) subsequent stressors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Wright Patterson AF Base, AFRL, HEPA Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Ottawa, Mental Hlth Res Inst, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada. RP Harrison, C (reprint author), Wright Patterson AF Base, AFRL, HEPA Branch, 2800 Q St,Bldg 824, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM catherine.harrison@wpafb.af.mil NR 108 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-4328 J9 BEHAV BRAIN RES JI Behav. Brain Res. PD NOV 25 PY 2006 VL 175 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.016 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 109KY UT WOS:000242308200001 PM 16970997 ER PT J AU Levashov, EA Vakaev, PV Zamulaeva, EI Kudryashov, AE Pogozhev, YS Shtansky, DV Voevodin, AA Sanz, A AF Levashov, E. A. Vakaev, P. V. Zamulaeva, E. I. Kudryashov, A. E. Pogozhev, Yu. S. Shtansky, D. V. Voevodin, A. A. Sanz, A. TI Nanoparticle dispersion-strengthened coatings and electrode materials for electrospark deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY MAY 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE electrospark deposition (ESD); nanosized additives; WC-Co nanostructured electrodes; microstructure; coating ID WC-CO COATINGS AB Advanced electrode compositions were developed using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Electrospark deposition (ESD) was applied to produce tribological coatings which were disperse-strengthened by incorporation of nanosized particles. Nanostructured electrodes of cemented carbides were produced using powder metallurgy technologies. They allow increasing the coatings density, thickness, hardness, Young's modulus and wear resistance. Positive effects of the nanostructure of electrodes on the deposition process and structure and properties of the coatings are discussed. In that case the tungsten carbide phases become predominant in the coatings. A mechanism of the dissolution reaction of WC with Ni at the contact surface of electrode was proposed. It was shown that the formation of the coating structure starts on the electrode and is accomplished on the substrate. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Technol Univ, Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, Moscow 119049, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SKF Engn & Res Ctr, NL-3439 MT Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RP Levashov, EA (reprint author), Technol Univ, Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, Leninsky 4, Moscow 119049, Russia. EM levashov@shs.misis.ru RI Svetlana, Ahmetzhanova/H-3797-2012; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; OI Shtansky, Dmitry/0000-0001-7304-2461 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 25 PY 2006 VL 515 IS 3 BP 1161 EP 1165 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.07.140 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 114AR UT WOS:000242639600062 ER PT J AU Cerutti, L Boissier, G Grech, P Perona, A Angellier, J Rouillard, Y Kaspi, R Genty, F AF Cerutti, L. Boissier, G. Grech, P. Perona, A. Angellier, J. Rouillard, Y. Kaspi, R. Genty, F. TI Hole-well antimonide laser diodes on GaSb operating near 2.93 mu m SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The operation ofelectrically-pumped type-II Sb-based laser diodes in which only the holes are quantum confined is reported. These laser structures were fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy on (001) GaSb substrates. In the multi-quantum well region, radiative recombinations originate from InGaSb hole wells embedded in InGaAsSb barriers lattice-matchcd to GaSb. Laser operation was demonstrated from such structures up to 243 K at 2.93 mu m in the pulsed regime (200 ns, 5 kHz). A minimum threshold of about 12.8 kW/cm(2) combined with a To around 70 K have been measured. C1 Univ Montpellier 2, CEM2, F-34095 Montpellier, France. USAF, Res Lab, DELS, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Cerutti, L (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, CEM2, F-34095 Montpellier, France. EM genty@univ-montp2.fr RI Genty, Frederic/F-5862-2015; OI Genty, Frederic/0000-0002-1368-5411; cerutti, laurent/0000-0002-1758-7130 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 24 BP 1400 EP 1402 DI 10.1049/el:20062753 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 115IE UT WOS:000242727200018 ER PT J AU Eriksson, S Provan, G Rich, FJ Lester, M Milan, SE Massetti, S Gosling, JT Dunlop, MW Reme, H AF Eriksson, S. Provan, G. Rich, F. J. Lester, M. Milan, S. E. Massetti, S. Gosling, J. T. Dunlop, M. W. Reme, H. TI Electrodynamics of a split-transpolar aurora SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-CAP ARCS; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; PARALLEL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; EXOS-D OBSERVATIONS; CONVECTION PATTERNS; LOW-ALTITUDE; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; CONDUCTANCES; CURRENTS AB We report new results on the relation between drift velocity shear, average inverted V energy, and the separation of bifurcated high-latitude Sun-aligned polar arcs within a global transpolar auroral arc system. The two parallel arcs appeared at the location of converging -v x B electric field of two sunward flow channels that were separated by an intermediate region of much weaker antisunward flow. The flow shear consisted of differences mainly in the magnitude of the sunward drift velocity. The cross-track disturbance magnetic field was in phase with the drift velocity fluctuations in such a way that two upward field-aligned currents coincided with the peak average energy of the electron precipitation that generated the two polar arcs while a downward field-aligned current was observed in the intermediate region. The observed transverse arc separation is consistent with a reported linear dependence between the average energy of the precipitating electrons of the two arcs and the arc separation. We propose that this relation mainly follows from a local Pedersen current closure requirement. The greater the upward field-aligned current density of the two arcs, the wider the transverse region of the intermediate downward field-aligned current needs to be in order to supply a sufficient amount of current carriers to the bifurcated arc current circuit and thus to balance the Pedersen current. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSBXP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Div Space Sci, Chilton, England. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. RP Eriksson, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM eriksson@lasp.colorado.edu RI dunlop, malcolm/F-1347-2010; OI Eriksson, Stefan/0000-0002-5619-1577; Massetti, Stefano/0000-0002-7767-1334 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 23 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A11 AR A11319 DI 10.1029/2006JA011976 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 110IC UT WOS:000242370700010 ER PT J AU Henderson, WA Young, VG Pearson, W Passerini, S De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Henderson, W. A. Young, V. G., Jr. Pearson, W. Passerini, S. De Long, H. C. Trulove, P. C. TI Thermal phase behaviour of N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium and piperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC CRYSTAL PHASES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; IONIC LIQUID; PYRROLIDINIUM CATIONS; MOLECULAR MOTIONS; MOLTEN-SALTS; TFSI-ANIONS; 1-2 COMPLEX; TRANSITIONS; 7,7,8,8-TETRACYANO-PARA-QUINODIMETHANE AB The phases, ion crystal packing and thermal properties of the N-alkylN- methylpyrrolidinium and piperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR(1R)TFSI and PIP(1R)TFSI (subscript R = 1 for methyl and 2 for ethyl), respectively) salts are compared using powder and single-crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystal structure of PIP(12)TFSI has been determined at 123 K. The salt crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with Z = 8. Structural data are also reported for PYR(11)TFSI at 153 K and PIP(12)TFSI at 223 K. PIP(11)TFSI has identical ion crystal packing to the analogous pyrrolidinium salt PYR11TFSI. Since increasing the cation alkyl chain length to propyl or butyl (R = 3 or 4) reduces the melting point of the salts below room temperature, this study may provide valuable insight into why these pyrrolidinium and piperidinium salts form room-temperature ionic liquids. C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, XRay Crystallog Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ENEA, Casaccia Res Ctr, I-00060 Rome, Italy. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Trulove, PC (reprint author), USN Acad, Dept Chem, 572 M Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM trulove@usna.edu RI Passerini, Stefano/A-3859-2015 OI Passerini, Stefano/0000-0002-6606-5304 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 22 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 46 BP 10377 EP 10390 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/46/006 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 113LN UT WOS:000242599500007 ER PT J AU Ciaravella, A Raymond, JC Kahler, SW AF Ciaravella, A. Raymond, J. C. Kahler, S. W. TI Ultraviolet properties of halo coronal mass ejections: Doppler shifts, angles, shocks, and bulk morphology SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : UV radiation ID WHITE-LIGHT IMAGES; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; WAVE DRIVEN; SOLAR-WIND; DIAGNOSTICS; SOHO; SPECTROMETER; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; FLARE AB We present UV spectral information for 22 halo or partial halo CMEs observed by UVCS. The CME fronts show broad line profiles, while the line intensities are comparable to the background corona. The Doppler shifts of the front material are generally small, showing that the motion of gas in the fronts is mostly transverse to the line of sight. This indicates that, at least in halo CMEs, the fronts generally correspond to coronal plasma swept up by a shock or compression wave, rather than plasma carried outward by magnetic loops. This favors an ice cream cone (or a spherical shell) model, as opposed to an expanding arcade of loops. We use the line widths to discriminate between shock heating and bulk expansion. Of 14 cases where we detected the CME front, the line broadening in 7 cases can be attributed to shock heating, while in 3 cases it is the line-of-sight component of the CME expansion. For the CME cores we determine the angles between the motion and the plane of the sky, along with the actual heliocentric distances, in order to provide quantitative estimates of projection effects. C1 Osserv Astron Palermo, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSBXS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Ciaravella, A (reprint author), Osserv Astron Palermo, Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP 774 EP 792 DI 10.1086/507171 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TX UT WOS:000242125700070 ER PT J AU Kraemer, KE Sloan, GC Bernard-Salas, J Price, SD Egan, MP Wood, PR AF Kraemer, Kathleen E. Sloan, G. C. Bernard-Salas, J. Price, Stephan D. Egan, Michael P. Wood, P. R. TI A post-AGB star in the Small Magellanic Cloud observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; Magellanic Clouds; stars : AGB and post-AGB ID SHORT-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MICRON SPECTRA; EMISSION; OBJECTS; SPECTROSCOPY; GIANT; SMC AB We have observed an evolved star with a rare combination of spectral features, MSX SMC 029, in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using the low-resolution modules of the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope. A cool dust continuum dominates the spectrum of MSX SMC 029. The spectrum also shows both emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and absorption at 13.7 mu m from C(2)H(2), a juxtaposition 2 2 seen in only two other sources, AFGL 2688 and IRAS 13416-6243, both post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) objects. As in these sources, the PAH spectrum has the unusual trait that the peak emission in the 7-9 mu m complex lies beyond 8.0 mu m. In addition, the 8.6 mu m feature has an intensity as strong as the C-C modes that normally peak between 7.7 and 7.9 mu m. The relative flux of the feature at 11.3 mu m to that at 8 mu m suggests that the PAHs in MSX SMC 029 either have a low-ionization fraction or are largely unprocessed. The 13-16 mu m wavelength region shows strong absorption features similar to those observed in the post-AGB objects AFGL 618 and SMP LMC 11. This broad absorption may arise from the same molecules that have been identified in those sources:C(2)H(2), C(4)H(2), HC(3)N, and C(6)H(6). The similarities between MSX SMC 029, AFGL 2688, and AFGL 618 lead us to conclude that MSX SMC 029 has evolved off the AGB in only the past few hundred years, making it the third post-AGB object identified in the SMC. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Mount Stromlo Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM kathleen.kraemer@hanscom.af.mil; sloan@isc.astro.cornell.edu; jbs@isc.astro.cornell.edu; steve.price@hanscom.af.mil; michael.egan@osd.mil; wood@mso.anu.edu.au OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2006 VL 652 IS 1 BP L25 EP L28 DI 10.1086/509778 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 106TZ UT WOS:000242125900007 ER PT J AU Lai, ST AF Lai, Shu T. TI Reply to comment by M. Bodeau on "Charging of mirror surfaces in space'' SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM shu.lai@hanscom.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A11 AR A11219 DI 10.1029/2006JA011878 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 107NV UT WOS:000242179200010 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Scanlon, LG Rottmayer, MA Balbuena, PB AF Zhang, Y. Scanlon, L. G. Rottmayer, M. A. Balbuena, P. B. TI Computational investigation of adsorption of molecular hydrogen on lithium-doped corannulene SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; STORAGE; NANOFIBERS; CHEMISTRY; GRAPHITE; HYDRIDES; SYSTEMS; FIELD AB Density functional theory and classical molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the prospect of lithium-doped corannulene as adsorbent material for H-2 gas. Potential energy surface scans at the level of B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) show an enhanced interaction of molecular hydrogen with lithium-atom-doped corannulene complexes with respect to that found in undoped corannulene. MP2(FC)/6-31G(d,p) optimizations of 4H(2) -(Li-2-C20H10) yield H-2 binding energies of -1.48 kcal/mol for the H-2-Li interaction and -0.92 kcal/ mol for the H-2-C interaction, whereas values of -0.94 and -0.83 kcal/ mol were reported (J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 7688-7694) for physisorption of H-2 on the concave and the convex side of corannulene using MP2-(full)/6-31G(d), respectively. Classical molecular dynamics simulations predict hydrogen uptakes in Li-doped corannulene assemblies that are significantly enhanced with respect to that found in undoped molecules, and the hydrogen uptake ability is dependent on the concentration of lithium dopant. For the Li-6-C20H10 complex, a hydrogen uptake of 4.58 wt % at 300 K and 230 bar is obtained when the adsorbent molecules are arranged in stack configurations separated by 6.5 angstrom, and with interlayer distances of 10 angstrom, hydrogen uptake reaches 6.5 wt % at 300 K and 215 bar. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Balbuena, PB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM balbuena@tamu.edu NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 45 BP 22532 EP 22541 DI 10.1021/jp063963e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 103RZ UT WOS:000241905700036 PM 17091998 ER PT J AU Huang, JQ Goltz, MN Roberts, PV AF Huang, Junqi Goltz, Mark N. Roberts, Paul V. TI Comment on 'Analytical solution for solute transport resulting from instantaneous injection in streams with transient storage' by F De Smedt, W Brevis, and P Debels, 2005. Journal of Hydrology 315, 25-39 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Goltz, MN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jungi.huang@afit.edu; mark.goltz@afit.edu RI Goltz, Mark/A-7394-2009; OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 330 IS 3-4 BP 759 EP 760 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrot.2006.04.007 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 105IN UT WOS:000242023700030 ER PT J AU Kulatilaka, WD Chai, N Naik, SV Laurendeau, NM Lucht, RP Kuehner, JP Roy, S Gord, JR AF Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Chai, Ning Naik, Sameer V. Laurendeau, Normand M. Lucht, Robert P. Kuehner, Joel P. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Measurement of nitric oxide concentrations in flames by using electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; NO; EXCITATION AB We have measured nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in flames by using electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (ERE-CARS). Visible pump and Stokes beams were tuned to a Q-branch vibrational Raman resonance of NO. A UV probe beam was tuned into resonance with specific rotational transitions in the (v" = 1,v' = 0) vibrational band in the A(2)Sigma(+)-X-2 Pi electronic transition, thus providing a substantial electronic-resonance enhancement of the resulting CARS signal. NO concentrations were measured at levels down to 50 parts in 10(6) in H-2/air flames at atmospheric pressure. NO was also detected in heavily sooting C2H2/air flames at atmospheric pressure with minimal background interference. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kulatilaka, WD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wkulatil@purdue.edu RI Chai, Ning/I-1029-2012 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 22 BP 3357 EP 3359 DI 10.1364/OL.31.003357 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 102GT UT WOS:000241799700046 PM 17072422 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Simko, SR Tan, LS AF Baek, Jong-Beom Simko, Sharon R. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Synthesis and chain-end modification of a novel hyperbranched polymer containing alternating quinoxaline and benzoxazole repeat units SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; MACROMOLECULES; DENDRIMERS; MONOMERS; COPOLYMERS; THIOPHENE; AB(2); AB AB A new AB(2) monomer, 2,3-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) quinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid dihydrochloride, was synthesized in four steps starting from the double condensation of commercially available 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid and 4,4'-dimethoxybenzil. It underwent facile polycondensation in polyphosphoric acid to afford the corresponding hyperbranched quinoxaline-benzoxazole polymer(PPQ-BO5) with an intrinsic viscosity of 1.04 dL/g. It was end-capped with 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3-sulfobenzoic acid, 4-sulfobenzoic acid, and 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid. These hyperbranched polymers displayed an unusual, nonlinear solution viscosity behavior at the concentrations below similar to 0.25 g/dL. At these dilute concentrations, both reduced and inherent viscosities decreased precipitously ("inverse polyelectrolyte behavior"). The large numbers of o-aminophenol end groups were further chemically modified to afford hyperbranched PPQBO's with various functionalities. Similar to their linear analogues, the T(g)'s of all chain-end-modified polymers were not detected up to 450 degrees C by DSC. PPQ-BO's had UV absorption maxima near 377 nm in basic NMP and 448 nm in MSA. Its emission maxima were at 467 nm in NMP and 475.5 and 767 nm in MSA. C1 Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chonju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBP,Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chonju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 49 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 14 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 23 BP 7959 EP 7966 DI 10.1021/ma061272a PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 102LS UT WOS:000241813200027 ER PT J AU Samoc, M Samoc, A Grote, JG AF Samoc, Marek Samoc, Anna Grote, James G. TI Complex nonlinear refractive index of DNA SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID Z-SCAN; OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; POLYMERS; PHOTONICS AB Femtosecond Z-scan technique was used to determine the dispersion of the complex cubic nonlinear susceptibility (related to the nonlinear refractive index n(2) and the two-photon absorption coefficient beta(2)) of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the range of wavelengths from 530-1300 nm. The nonlinear refractive index of DNA varies from approximate to 2 x 10(-15) to 1 x 10(-14) cm(2)/W at lambda = 1300-530 nm, respectively. Only a weak two-photon absorption is observed below lambda = 600 nm with a nonlinear absorption coefficient beta(2) of about 0.2 cm/GW at lambda = 530 nm. The dispersion is approximated with a simple complex expression. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Laser Phys Ctr, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Samoc, M (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Laser Phys Ctr, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM marek.samoc@anu.edu.au RI Samoc, Marek/A-5501-2008 OI Samoc, Marek/0000-0002-5404-2455 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2006 VL 431 IS 1-3 BP 132 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.09.057 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 105DF UT WOS:000242008800026 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Haji-saeed, B Morath, CP Woods, CL Sengupta, SK Kierstead, J AF Khoury, Jed Haji-saeed, Bahareh Morath, Christian P. Woods, Charles L. Sengupta, Sandip K. Kierstead, John TI Diffractive element design for resonant scanner angular correction: a beam retardation approach SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB A new approach for designing diffractive optical corrective elements with zooming capability to convert nonlinear sinusoidal scanning into linear scanning is proposed. Such a device will be useful for linearizing the angular scan of a resonant mirror scanner. The design methodology is to create a graded index of a refraction device as the reference design with its index of refraction parameters based on beam retardation through propagation in an inhomogeneous medium. The diffractive element is designed by utilizing a binarizing algorithm of the accumulated phase from transmission through the refractive element. In contrast to a prior approach, which was introduced based on the beam propagation through inhomogeneous media, the new approach takes beam diameters into consideration. This makes both the refractive element and its associated diffractive element more robust against beam fanning. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jed.khoury@hanscom.af.mil RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 32 BP 8177 EP 8185 DI 10.1364/AO.45.008177 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 103MA UT WOS:000241888200001 PM 17068559 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Scott, JM Miracle, DB AF Senkov, O. N. Scott, J. M. Miracle, D. B. TI Composition range and glass forming ability of ternary Ca-Mg-Cu bulk metallic glasses SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE casting; Ca-Mg-Cu alloys; bulk metallic glass; differential scanning calorimetry; X-ray diffraction; glass forming ability ID THERMAL-STABILITY; ALLOYS; ZN; CRITERIA; SYSTEM AB A number of ternary Ca-Mg-Cu amorphous alloys with compositions ranging from 40 to 70 at.% for Ca, 5-30 at.% for Mg and 10-36 at.% for Cu were produced by a copper mold casting method as wedge-shaped samples with the thickness varying from 0.5 to 10 mm. The maximum thickness at which an alloy remains fully amorphous, glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature, temperature interval of the supercooled region, solidus and liquidus temperatures, as well as heats of crystallization and melting, are reported for these alloys. The effect of the alloy composition on glass forming ability is discussed. In the studied composition range, the Ca50Mg22.5Cu27.5 alloy has the best glass forming ability, being fully amorphous after casting to the thicknesses of at least 10 mm. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 14 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD NOV 9 PY 2006 VL 424 IS 1-2 BP 394 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.01.104 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 096ZF UT WOS:000241414900073 ER PT J AU Gamblin, B Toon, OB Tolbert, MA Kondo, Y Takegawa, N Irie, H Koike, M Ballenthin, JO Hunton, DE Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Anderson, BE Avery, M Sachse, GW Podolske, JR Guenther, K Sorenson, C Mahoney, MJ AF Gamblin, B. Toon, O. B. Tolbert, M. A. Kondo, Y. Takegawa, N. Irie, H. Koike, M. Ballenthin, J. O. Hunton, D. E. Miller, T. M. Viggiano, A. A. Anderson, B. E. Avery, M. Sachse, G. W. Podolske, J. R. Guenther, K. Sorenson, C. Mahoney, M. J. TI Nitric acid condensation on ice: 1. Non-HNO3 constituent of NOY condensing cirrus particles on upper tropospheric SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER HYGROMETER; REACTIVE NITROGEN; PEROXYNITRIC ACID; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; CLOUD PARTICLES; ALKYL NITRATES; WATER-ICE; HNO3; INSTRUMENT; STRATOSPHERE AB Measurements of NOY condensation on cirrus particles during the SOLVE- I field campaign are analyzed and segregated based on altitude. Significant amounts of NOY were found on the upper tropospheric ice particles; therefore condensation on ice appears to be an important method of NOY removal from the gas phase at the low temperatures of the Scandinavian upper troposphere. For the data set collected on 23 January 2000, NOY condensation on cirrus particles has different properties depending on whether the ice particles are sampled in the upper troposphere, where HNO3 does not dominate NOY, or in the lower stratosphere, where HNO3 does dominate NOY. Nitric acid becomes enriched in the gas phase as NOY condenses on upper tropospheric ice crystals, indicating that a non- HNO3 component of NOY is condensing on upper tropospheric ice particles much faster and at higher concentrations than HNO3 alone on this day. It is unclear which non- HNO3 constituent of NOY is condensing on upper tropospheric ice particles, although N2O5 is the most likely species. This condensation of a non- HNO3 component of NOY is not universal in the upper troposphere but depends on the conditions of the air parcel in which sampling occurred, notably exposure to sunlight. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Atmospher Composit Res Program, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Phys, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gamblin, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM gamblin@lasp.colorado.edu RI Koike, Makoto/F-4366-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 8 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D21 AR D21203 DI 10.1029/2005JD006048 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 104UF UT WOS:000241984300001 ER PT J AU Birnkrant, MJ McWilliams, HK Li, CY Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ AF Birnkrant, Michael J. McWilliams, Hilary K. Li, Christopher Y. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Sutherland, Richard L. Lloyd, Pamela F. Bunning, Timothy J. TI On the structure of holographic polymer-dispersed polyethylene glycol SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE holographic polymerization; nanoconfinement; polymer crystallization ID PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; LITHOGRAPHY; ORIENTATION; FILMS AB Holographic polymerization (H-P) has been used to fabricate polymer-dispersed liquid crystals and pattern inert nanoparticles. In this article, one-dimensional grating structures of Norland resin and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were achieved using the H-P technique. Both reflection and transmission grating structures were fabricated. The optical properties of the reflection grating structures (also known as Bragg reflectors, BRs) are thermosensitive, which is attributed to the formation and crystallization of PEG crystals. The thermal switching temperature of the BR can be tuned by using different molecular weight PEG samples. The hierarchical structure and morphology of the BR were studied using synchrotron X-ray, polarized light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. PEG crystals were found to be confined in similar to 60 nm thick layers in the BR. Upon crystallization, the PEG lamellae were parallel to the BR surfaces and PEG chains were parallel to the BR normal, resembling the confined crystallization behavior of polyethylene oxide (PEO) in PEO-block-polystyrene (PEO-b-PS) block copolymers. This observation suggests that the tethering effect in the block copolymer systems does not play a major role in PEG chain orientation in the confined nanoenvironment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, LeBow Bldg,Room 443,3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM chrisli@drexel.edu; timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI Li, Christopher/A-1603-2012 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 8 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 24 BP 8147 EP 8154 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.09.052 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 108RQ UT WOS:000242257300010 ER PT J AU Luckarift, HR Johnson, GR Spain, JC AF Luckarift, Heather R. Johnson, Glenn R. Spain, Jim C. TI Silica-immobilized enzyme reactors; application to cholinesterase-inhibition studies SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE immobilized enzyme reactor; butyrylcholinesterase; silica-encapsulation; cholinesterase inhibitors ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; BIOSILICA; SUPPORT; COLUMN AB A rapid and economical method is reported for the preparation of an immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) using silica-encapsulated equine butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) as a model system. Peptide-mediated silica formation was used to encapsulate BuChE, directly immobilizing the enzyme within a commercial pre-packed column. The silica/enzyme nanocomposites form and attach simultaneously to the metal affinity column via a histidine-tag on the silica-precipitating peptide. BuChE-IMER columns were integrated to a liquid chromatography system and used as a rapid and reproducible screening method for determining the potency of cholinesterase inhibitors. The IMER preparation method reported herein produces an inert silica-encapsulation matrix with advantages over alternative systems, including ease of preparation, high immobilization efficiency (70-100%) and complete retention of activity during continuous use. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Luckarift, HR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM hluckarift@gtcom.net NR 26 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD NOV 7 PY 2006 VL 843 IS 2 BP 310 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.06.036 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 110EP UT WOS:000242361400025 PM 16884963 ER PT J AU Cappelli, MA Gascon, N Hargus, WA AF Cappelli, Mark A. Gascon, Nicolas Hargus, William A., Jr. TI Millimetre wave plasma interferometry in the near field of a Hall plasma accelerator SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THRUSTER; DENSITY AB Measurements are described of electron number density in the near-field of a 200W Hall plasma accelerator using a 90 GHz microwave interferometer. The system is of a phase-bridge design, utilizing two signal arms from a fixed frequency source ( one passing through the plasma) that recombine at two balanced mixers. A line-integrated electron density is obtained by comparing the in-phase and quadrature signals from the mixers. Measurements across chords through a 'symmetric' plasma plume are Abel inverted to give the radial variation in the plasma density, which is found to be toroidal in shape, reaching values as high as 4 x 10(17) cm(-3). The first direct non-intrusive measurements of the electron density in the near-field of this source reveal structure not previously resolved with electrical probes. This interferometer is suitable for measuring time-dependent plasma density fluctuations offering non-intrusive information about plasma oscillations and instabilities in the near exit region where electrical probes are known to interfere with the discharge operation. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Elect Prop Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Cappelli, MA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM cap@stanford.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 21 BP 4582 EP 4588 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/39/21/013 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 111SX UT WOS:000242476000015 ER PT J AU Wang, GF Karnes, J Bunker, CE Geng, ML AF Wang, Gufeng Karnes, John Bunker, Christopher E. Geng, M. Lei TI Two-dimensional correlation coefficient mapping in gas chromatography: Jet fuel classification for environmental analysis SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2DCOS-3) CY AUG 12-14, 2005 CL Delavan, WI DE correlation coefficient mapping; jet fuel; sample classification; environmental analysis ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; RESOLUTION; SPILLS AB We demonstrate the feasibility of using two-dimensional correlation coefficient mapping to classify gas chromatograms of environmental hazards. Correct identification and classification of the contaminants is the prerequisite for their appropriate treatment and containments. A data set consisting of 76 gas chromatograms of eight types of jet fuels, which are common sources of hydrocarbon contamination in ground water, is examined with two-dimensional statistical sample-sample correlation coefficients. Analysis demonstrates that jet fuel samples of the same type correlate strongly with each other but less significantly with other jet fuel classes. According to the magnitude of the correlation coefficients between each pair of the samples, jet fuel types of each sample in the data set can be assigned with an accuracy of 100% through a leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) procedure. Correlation coefficient mapping is thus a promising method to classify samples of environmental importance. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Opt Sci & Technol Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Christopher.Bunker@wpafb.af.mil; Lei-Geng@uiowa.edu RI Wang, Gufeng/B-3972-2011; OI Karnes, John/0000-0002-2917-8406 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD NOV 6 PY 2006 VL 799 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.04.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 107FS UT WOS:000242156700037 ER PT J AU Lundin, LL AF Lundin, Laura L. TI AFRL tests transparent armor SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Researchers investigate a transparent ceramic material that provides better protection than today's bulletproof glass at a fraction of the weight and thickness. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Lundin, LL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 164 IS 11 BP 45 EP 46 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 104EP UT WOS:000241939500004 ER PT J AU Arora, R Thornblade, CE Dauby, PAL Flanagan, JW Bush, AC Hagan, LL AF Arora, Rajiv Thornblade, Carl E. Dauby, Pierre-Alain L. Flanagan, Joseph W. Bush, Anneke C. Hagan, Larry L. TI Exhaled nitric oxide levels in military recruits with new onset asthma SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 18-22, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol ID EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOSPASM; INHALED HISTAMINE; MILD ASTHMA; AIR; METHACHOLINE; MONTELUKAST; CHILDREN; MARKERS AB Approximately 800 United States Air Force basic military trainees (BMTs) are diagnosed with asthma, annually, resulting in separation from the military. With training costs of approximately $10,000/person, around $8 million is lost per year. Improved methods in diagnosing asthma would be beneficial. The aim of this study was to determine the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), a marker of airway inflammation, in a military recruit population referred for an asthma evaluation. In BMTs referred for respiratory complaints during basic training, FENO levels were determined before an asthma evaluation consisting of a history, physical, baseline spirometry, and histamine bronchoprovocation. Of 172 BMTs who had symptoms suggestive of asthma and underwent histamine bronchoprovocation, 80% were diagnosed with asthma. FENO levels were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than nonasthmatic patients (mean, 30 parts per billion [ppb] versus 19 ppb, p < 0.001; median, 21 ppb versus 17 ppb, p < 0.02). Various FENO cutoff points provided a range of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of asthma. However, an optimal FENO cutoff level for asthma was not obtained. An FENO value of 10.5 ppb provided a sensitivity of 86% for the diagnosis of asthma, but specificity was only 21%. In contrast, an FENO value of 46 ppb provided 100% specificity but only 17% sensitivity. FENO levels were significantly elevated in BMTs diagnosed with asthma but the lack of an optimal cutoff level limits the test as a diagnostic tool for asthma. Additional studies are necessary to determine the value of FENO for asthma screening in a military population. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMIA, Dept Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Arora, R (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MMIA, Dept Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM rajiv.arora@us.army.mil NR 23 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.2500/aap.2006.27.2904 PG 6 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 107UE UT WOS:000242195700011 PM 17176784 ER PT J AU Wang, SA Galili, N Cerny, J Sechman, E Chen, SS Loew, J Liu, Q Fadare, O Hasserjian, R Jones, D Qawi, H Woda, B Raza, A AF Wang, Sa A. Galili, Naomi Cerny, Jan Sechman, Eric Chen, Su Sin Loew, Jerome Liu, Qin Fadare, Oluwole Hasserjian, Robert Jones, Dan Qawi, Huma Woda, Bruce Raza, Azra TI Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia evolving from preexisting myelodysplasia shares many features with de Novo disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic myelomonocytic leukemia; myelodysplastic syndrome; evolution; overall survival ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; MARROW MONOCYTIC NODULES; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; TYROSINE KINASE JAK2; MYELOPROLIFERATIVE-DISORDERS; IN-VITRO; PROGNOSTIC-SIGNIFICANCE; RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS; POLYCYTHEMIA-VERA; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB The majority of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) cases arise de novo; cases evolving from preexisting myelodysplasia (MDS) or myeloproliferative diseases have not been well-studied. We conducted the present study to determine the clinicopathologic features and to study possible underlying molecular and cytogenetic mechanisms involved in this evolution. Between April 1995 and November 2005, we identified 120 CMML cases, of which 20 (16.7%) had a previous diagnosis of MDS. Of the 20 patients with MDS, 6 had relative monocytosis at diagnosis. At the time of MDS to CMML evolution, mutations in JAK2 (V617F), FLT3 (ITD), K-ras-2, or N-ras were not acquired, and only 1 (6%) of 17 evaluable cases showed cytogenetic progression. The median time to evolution from MDS to CMML was 29 months, and the median survival following CMML development was 13 months. Three cases (17%) transformed to acute myeloid leukemia. These findings indicate that in some cases of otherwise typical MDS, the progenitor cells may have some capacity for monocytic proliferation at diagnosis and manifest rapid disease progression once a monocytic proliferation supervenes. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Canc Biol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Hematopathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA USA. RP Wang, SA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 1 Innovat Dr, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RI Jones, Daniel/I-7399-2015 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 126 IS 5 BP 789 EP 797 DI 10.1309/FU04P779U310R3EE PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 097BA UT WOS:000241420000016 PM 17050076 ER PT J AU Hudson, TL Dukes, SF Reilly, K AF Hudson, Timothy L. Dukes, Susan F. Reilly, Karen TI Use of local anesthesia for arterial punctures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND Except for intravenous therapy, arterial access is the most common invasive procedure performed on critically ill patients. Arterial puncture is a source of pain and discomfort. Intradermal injection of lidocaine around the puncture site decreases the incidence and severity of localized pain when used before arterial puncture. OBJECTIVE To review the recommendations and studies related to the use of intradermal lidocaine to decrease pain during arterial punctures.. METHODS Articles were identified by doing a systematic computerized search of MEDLINE (1980 to January 2006) to evaluate articles and reference lists of articles and a manual search of the references listed in original and review articles. English-language articles that evaluated any aspect of pain related to arterial puncture and cannulation, pain related to and methods of introducing lidocaine subcutaneously, and perceptions and use of local anesthesia for arterial or intravenous punctures were reviewed. RESULTS Except among anesthesia providers, the use of a local anesthetic before arterial puncture is not universal, contrary to the standard of practice. A number of false perceptions may prevent wider use of such anesthetics.. CONCLUSION Before a plan for behavior modification or policy change is recommended for use of local anesthesia to decrease pain associated with arterial puncture, further research must be done to determine nurses' perceptions of use, actual practice, and currently established local policies. C1 USA, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. USN, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Hudson, TL (reprint author), USA, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. EM timothy.hudson@us.army.mil NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CRITICAL CARE NURSES PI ALISO VIEJO PA 101 COLUMBIA, ALISO VIEJO, CA 92656 USA SN 1062-3264 J9 AM J CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Crit. Care PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 6 BP 595 EP 599 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Nursing SC General & Internal Medicine; Nursing GA V44BU UT WOS:000202979000009 PM 17053266 ER PT J AU Wells, RD Bebarta, VS AF Wells, Ryan D. Bebarta, Vikhyat S. TI Primary iliopsoas abscess caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PSOAS ABSCESS; INFECTIONS; SKIN C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Dept Emergency Med, Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Wells, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Dept Emergency Med, Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM ryan.wells@lackland.af.mil NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 24 IS 7 BP 897 EP 898 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2006.03.030 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 109DD UT WOS:000242287200032 PM 17098125 ER PT J AU Shilo, K Miettinen, M Travis, WD Timens, W Nogueira, R Franks, TJ AF Shilo, Konstantin Miettinen, Markku Travis, William D. Timens, Wim Nogueira, Rosete Franks, Teri J. TI Pulmonary microcystic fibromyxoma: Report of 3 cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microcystic fibromyxoma; pulmonary myxoma; pulmonary myxoid hamartoma; cardiac myxoma; myxoid tumor; lung ID EXTRASKELETAL MYXOID CHONDROSARCOMA; CHONDROID HAMARTOMAS; CARDIAC MYXOMA; CALRETININ; BENIGN; TUMORS; LUNG AB Three cases of pulmonary myxoid tumors showing a variable degree of microcystic change are described. They are presented as incidental solitary peripheral lung nodules on routine radiologic studies. The patients included 2 women, 45 and 65 years old, and 1 man, 33 years old. Clinical work-up showed no evidence of neoplasia in other sites. Following surgical resection, no evidence of disease was observed after a mean follow-up of 48 months. The tumors ranged in size from 1 to 2.3cm (mean 1.4cm). Microscopically, the lesions were well circumscribed with conspicuous cystic change and myxoid stroma. Innocuous, widely-spaced, spindled to stellate tumor cells showed minimal nuclear pleomorphism and absence of mitotic activity. The myxoid stroma contained acid mucopoly-saccharides, sensitive to hyaluronidase digestion. No epithelial, chondroid, neural, myofibroblastic, lipomatous or vascular differentiation was evident on immunohistochemical studies. Although these cases display cytologic features, myxoid stroma and benign clinical course characteristic of pulmonary myxomas; the presence of microcystic architecture is unique to the current series, and thus a descriptive. designation "microcystic fibromyxoma" is suggested. C1 USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Pulmon & Mediastinal Pathol, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Soft Tissue Pathol, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol Anat, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Groningen, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. Ctr Hosp Vila Nova Gaia, Serv Anat Patol, Vila Nova De Gaia, Portugal. RP Shilo, K (reprint author), USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Pulmon & Mediastinal Pathol, Washington, DC 20310 USA. EM shilok@afip.osd.mil RI Shilo, Konstantin/E-4084-2011; Timens, Wim/K-5570-2013; OI Timens, Wim/0000-0002-4146-6363; S, K/0000-0002-6702-3130 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1432 EP 1435 DI 10.1097/01.pas.0000213279.53338.32 PG 4 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 099RQ UT WOS:000241613500013 PM 17063085 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Dadmanesh, F Alvarado-Cabrero, I Snyder, R Mitchell, S Tot, T Wang, SA Ghofrani, M Eusebi, V Martel, M Tavassoli, FA AF Fadare, Oluwole Dadmanesh, Farnaz Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel Snyder, Robert Mitchell, Stephen Tot, Tibor Wang, Sa A. Ghofrani, Mohiedean Eusebi, Vincenzo Martel, Maritza Tavassoli, Fattaneh A. TI Lobular intraepithelial neoplasia [lobular carcinoma in situ] with comedo-type necrosis - A clinicopothologic study of 78 cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast; lobular neoplasia; lobular intraepithelial neoplasia; lobular carcinoma in situ; E-cadherin; necrosis ID SURGICAL-ADJUVANT-BREAST; E-CADHERIN EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS; INSITU; FEATURES; LESIONS; HYPERPLASIA; PROJECT; CANCER AB The recent finding that lobular, and not ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN) displays loss of E-cadherin expression has greatly facilitated the categorization of a large proportion of morphologically ambiguous intraepithelial neoplasias into ductal or lobular types. One reason for such morphologic ambiguity is the presence of comedo-type necrosis within an intraepithelial lesion that otherwise shows archetypal cytologic and architectural features of lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN). The clinicopathologic features of 18 such cases are described in this report. These 18 cases of classic LIN were accumulated from the recent databases of 6 institutions. All cases, by definition, showed no expression of E-cadherin. The 18 patients, all women, were 41 to 85 years of age (mean 61.3). The lesions were initially identified in an excisional biopsy or mastectomy in 12 cases and in an incisional/core biopsy in the remaining 6 cases. An associated invasive carcinoma was present in 12 (67%) of 18 cases (7 classic lobular, 1 pleomorphic lobular, 1 ductal, 1 mixed lobtilar and ductal, 1 tubular, and 1 case with ductal and lobular carcinomas as separate foci). The average age of the 6 patients with pure LIN (ie, LIN without an invasive component (62.5 y) was not significantly different from the 12 C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Mexican Oncol Hosp, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Mexico City 06700, DF, Mexico. Holy Cross Hosp, Dept Pathol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Cent Hosp Falun, Dept Pathol, S-79182 Falun, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, S-79182 Falun, Sweden. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Univ Bologna, Dept Oncol, Pathol Sect, Osped Bellaria, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, MTLP 859th Med Diagnost & Therapeut Squadron,Wilf, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 48 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1445 EP 1453 DI 10.1097/01.pas.0000213290.58283.82 PG 9 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 099RQ UT WOS:000241613500015 PM 17063087 ER PT J AU Johnson, TL Parker, AL AF Johnson, Thomas L. Parker, Amy L. TI Rates of retrieval of self-injectable epinephrine prescriptions: a descriptive report SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNCLAIMED PRESCRIPTIONS; ANAPHYLAXIS; EMERGENCY AB Background: Some studies have demonstrated poor patient compliance with carrying and administering self-injectable epinephrine (STE). No study has attempted to define the number or characteristics of patients who are prescribed STE an subsequently do not retrieve the prescription. Objectives: To determine fill rates of STE prescriptions and to provide a descriptive report of patients who do not fill those prescriptions. Methods: This was a retrospective review of electronic medical records of patients prescribed STE at a large military medical center in a 1-year period. Rates of prescription retrieval were determined, and patient demographic information was collected. Additional information recorded included the number of devices prescribed per prescription, the International Classification oJ Diseases, Ninth Revision, code associated with each prescription, and the ambulatory care setting associated with the patient encounter resulting in the prescription. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi(2) test. Results: There were 881 STE prescriptions entered for 769 patients, and 630 patients (82%) filled at least 1 prescription. Individuals older than 55 years filled their STE prescriptions more often than those 55 years and younger (P < .009), and prescriptions were filled more often from outpatient clinics compared with the emergency department (P < .01). There were no statistically significant differences in fill rates based on sex, active-duty military status, or diagnosis. Conclusions: Elderly patients and those receiving care in clinic settings are more likely to fill an SIE prescription. Determining why patients do not fill an STE prescription may help focus patient education efforts. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Parker, AL (reprint author), 759 MDOS-MMIA,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM amy.parker@laughlin.af.mil NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 97 IS 5 BP 694 EP 697 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 108ZR UT WOS:000242278200021 PM 17165281 ER PT J AU Michaelson, PG Allan, P Chaney, J Mair, EA AF Michaelson, Peter G. Allan, Patrick Chaney, John Mair, Eric A. TI Validations of a portable home sleep study with twelve-lead polysomnography: Comparisons and insights into a variable gold standard SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE obstructive sleep apnea; polysomnography; SNAP ID POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE; APNEA SYNDROME; APNOEA/HYPOPNOEA SYNDROME; ADULTS; DISORDERS; UVULOPALATOPLASTY; DISTURBANCES; HYPERTENSION; VARIABILITY; DIAGNOSIS AB Objectives: Accurate and timely diagnosis for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is imperative. Unfortunately, growing interest in this diagnosis has resulted in increased requests and waiting times for polysomnography (PSG), as well as a potential delay in diagnosis and treatment. This study evaluated the accuracy and viability of utilizing SNAP (SNAP Laboratories, LLC, Wheeling, Illinois), a portable home sleep test, as an alternative to traditional PSG in diagnosing OSA. Methods: This prospective clinical trial included 59 patients evaluated at our institution's sleep laboratory. Concurrent PSG and SNAP testing was performed for I night on each patient. Independent, blinded readers at our institution and at an outside-accredited institution read the PSG data, and 2 independent, blinded readers interpreted the SNAP data at SNAP laboratories. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was used to compare the 2 testing modalities. The correlation coefficient, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and the Bland-Altman curves, as well as sensitivity, specificity, inter-reader variability, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, were used to compare SNAP and PSG. Results: There is a definitive, statistically sound correlation between the AHIs determined from both PSG and SNAP. This relationship holds true for all measures of comparison, while displaying a concerning, weaker correlation between the different PSG interpretations. Conclusions: There is a convincing correlation between the study-determined AHIs of both PSG and SNAP. This finding supports SNAP as a suitable alternative to PSG in identifying OSA, while accentuating the inherent variation present in a PSG-derived AHI This test expands the diagnostic and therapeutic prowess of the practicing otolaryngologist by offering an alternative OSA testing modality that is associated with not only less expense, decreased waiting time, and increased convenience, but also statistically proven accuracy. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pulm Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Charlotte EENT Assoc, 6035 Fairview Rd, Charlotte, NC 28210 USA. EM emair@ceenta.com NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 115 IS 11 BP 802 EP 809 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 106NS UT WOS:000242108200002 PM 17165661 ER PT J AU Killips, D Radcliffe, J Kempel, L Schneider, S AF Killips, Daniel Radcliffe, Joshua Kempel, Leo Schneider, Stephen TI Radiation by a linear array of half-width leaky-wave antennas SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE microstrip; leaky-wave; transverse resonance; traveling wave antenna; wide bandwidth; array ID MICROSTRIP AB Leaky-wave antennas are interesting apertures for a variety of applications due to their low profile and wide bandwidth. They are inherently traveling wave antennas, and hence are best suited for end-fire applications. A new type of leaky-wave antenna, the half-width leaky-wave antenna (HWLW), has been recently investigated and found to have similar radiation properties as its full-width leaky-wave (FWLW) counterpart, but only requiring half the transverse dimension. In addition, the feeding mechanism for a HWLW antenna is considerably simplified compared to the FWLW antenna. This paper discusses arraying these antennas to provide both increased gain and scanning capability. It will be seen that arraying HWLW antennas is more complex than its narrowband counterpart, the patch antenna. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kempel, L (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kempel@msu.edu OI Kempel, Leo/0000-0002-8888-6197 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 21 IS 3 BP 248 EP 255 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 112FG UT WOS:000242510500008 ER PT J AU Barron-Jimenez, R Caton, JA Anderson, TN Lucht, RP Walther, T Roy, S Brown, MS Gord, JR AF Barron-Jimenez, R. Caton, J. A. Anderson, T. N. Lucht, R. P. Walther, T. Roy, S. Brown, M. S. Gord, J. R. TI Application of a difference-frequency-mixing based diode-laser sensor for carbon monoxide detection in the 4.4-4.8 mu m spectral region SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; SITU COMBUSTION MEASUREMENTS; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; ABSORPTION SENSOR; CO; GENERATION; GAS; AIR; WIDTHS AB An all-solid-state continuous-wave (cw) laser system for mid-infrared absorption measurements of the carbon monoxide (CO) molecule has been developed and demonstrated. The single-mode, tunable output of an external-cavity diode laser (ECDL) is difference-frequency mixed with the output of a 550-mW diode-pumped cw Nd:YAG laser in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal to generate tunable cw radiation in the mid-infrared region. The wavelength of the 860-nm ECDL can be coarse tuned from 860.782 to 872.826 nm, allowing the sensor to be operated in the spectral region 4.4-4.8 mu m. CO-concentration measurements were performed in CO/CO2/N-2 mixtures in a room-temperature gas cell, in the exhaust stream of a well-stirred reactor (WSR) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and in a near-adiabatic hydrogen/air CO2-doped flame. The noise equivalent detection limits were estimated to be 1.1 and 2.5 ppm per meter for the gas cell and flame experiments, respectively. These limits were computed for combustion gas at 1000 K and atmospheric pressure assuming a signal-to-noise ratio of 1. The sensor uncertainty was estimated to be 2% for the gas-cell measurements and 10% for the flame measurements based on the repeatability of the peak absorption. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Appl Phys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucht, RP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lucht@ecn.purdue.edu RI Walther, Thomas/C-6212-2016 OI Walther, Thomas/0000-0001-8114-1785 NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 85 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s00340-006-2281-3 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 087EG UT WOS:000240724900004 ER PT J AU McCleskey, PE Winter, KJ DeVillez, RL AF McCleskey, Patrick E. Winter, Kelly J. DeVillez, Richard L. TI Tender papules on the hands - Idiopathic chilblains (perniosis) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP McCleskey, PE (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 142 IS 11 BP 1501 EP 1502 DI 10.1001/archderm.142.11.1501-a PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 107GB UT WOS:000242157600017 PM 17116847 ER PT J AU Buchanan, CL Kastner, JH Forrest, WJ Hrivnak, BJ Sahai, R Egan, M Frank, A Barnbaum, C AF Buchanan, Catherine L. Kastner, Joel H. Forrest, William J. Hrivnak, Bruce J. Sahai, Raghvendra Egan, Michael Frank, Adam Barnbaum, Cecilia TI A Spitzer Space Telescope infrared spectrograph spectral atlas of luminous 8 mu m sources in the Large Magellanic Cloud SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atlases; circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; Magellanic Clouds; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : mass loss ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; POST-AGB STARS; CARBON STARS; IRAS SOURCES; EMISSION FEATURE; PROTOPLANETARY NEBULAE; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; INTERSTELLAR DUST; ISO OBSERVATIONS; MICRON SPECTRA AB We present an atlas of Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) spectra of highly luminous, compact, mid-IR sources in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Sources were selected on the basis of IR colors and 8 mu m (Midcourse Space Experiment) fluxes indicative of highly evolved, intermediate-to-high-mass stars with current or recent mass loss at large rates. We determine the chemistry of the circumstellar envelope from the mid-IR continuum and spectral features and classify the spectral types of the stars. In the sample of 60 sources, we find 21 red supergiants (RSGs), 16 C-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, 11 H II regions, 4 likely O-rich AGB stars, 4 Galactic O-rich AGB stars, 2 OH/IR stars, and 2 B[e] supergiants with peculiar IR spectra. We find that the overwhelming majority of the sample AGB stars (with typical IR luminosities of similar to 10(4) L-circle dot) have C-rich envelopes, while the O-rich objects are predominantly luminous RSGs with L-IR similar to 10(5) L-circle dot. For both classes of evolved star (C- rich AGB stars and RSGs), we use the near-to-mid-IR spectral energy distributions to determine mean bolometric corrections to the stellar K-band flux densities. For carbon stars, the bolometric corrections depend on the IR color, whereas for RSGs, the bolometric correction is independent of IR color. Our results reveal that objects previously classified as planetary nebulae on the basis of IR colors are, in fact, compact H II regions with very red IRS spectra that include strong atomic recombination lines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission features. We demonstrate that the IRS spectral classes in our sample separate clearly in IR color-color diagrams that use combinations of Two Micron All Sky Survey data and synthetic Spitzer Infrared Array Camera and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer fluxes derived from the IRS spectra. On this basis we suggest diagnostics to identify and classify, with high confidence levels, IR-luminous evolved stars and compact H II regions in nearby galaxies using Spitzer and near-IR photometry. C1 Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, OASD NII Space Programs, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. Valdosta Univ, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. RP Buchanan, CL (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM clbsps@cis.rit.edu; jhk@cis.rit.edu NR 59 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1890 EP 1909 DI 10.1086/507329 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104GI UT WOS:000241945500014 ER PT J AU Giampapa, MS Hall, JC Radick, RR Baliunas, SL AF Giampapa, Mark S. Hall, Jeffrey C. Radick, Richard R. Baliunas, Sallie L. TI A survey of chromospheric activity in the solar-type stars in the open cluster M67 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (M67, NGC 2682); stars : activity; stars : chromospheres; Sun : activity ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; LUMINOSITY VARIATION; EARTHS CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; SUN; IRRADIANCE; EMISSION; HYADES; CYCLE AB We present the results of a spectroscopic survey of the Ca II H and K core strengths in a sample of 60 solar-type stars that are members of the solar-age and solar-metallicity open cluster M67. We adopt the HK index, defined as the summed H+K core strengths in 1 angstrom bandpasses centered on the H and K lines, respectively, as a measure of the chromospheric activity that is present. We compare the distribution of mean HK index values for the M67 solar-type stars with the variation of this index as measured for the Sun during the contemporary solar cycle. We find that the stellar distribution in our HK index is broader than that for the solar cycle. Approximately 17% of the M67 Sun-like stars exhibit average HK indices that are less than solar minimum. About 7%-12% are characterized by relatively high activity in excess of solar maximum values, while 72%-80% of the solar analogs exhibit Ca II H+K strengths within the range of the modern solar cycle. The ranges given reflect uncertainties in the most representative value of the maximum in the HK index to adopt for the solar cycle variations observed during the period AD 1976-2004. Thus, similar to 20%-30% of our homogeneous sample of Sun-like stars have mean chromospheric H+K strengths that are outside the range of the contemporary solar cycle. Any cycle-like variability that is present in the M67 solar-type stars appears to be characterized by periods greater than similar to 6 yr. Finally, we estimate a mean chromospheric age for M67 in the range of 3.8-4.3 Gyr. C1 Natl Opt Astron Observ, Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Giampapa, MS (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, Natl Solar Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave,POB 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. EM giampapa@noao.edu; jch@lowell.edu; radick@nso.edu; baliunas@cfa.harvard.edu NR 60 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 651 IS 1 BP 444 EP 461 DI 10.1086/507624 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 102PK UT WOS:000241824300039 ER PT J AU Westphall, JS AF Westphall, Johann S. TI Smallpox - Inappropriate vaccination site SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This case reviews the current literature concerning smallpox and the smallpox vaccination program. Site placement of the vaccine had the unexpected effect of grounding an airman for an extended period of time. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Westphall, JS (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1193 EP 1195 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 101VH UT WOS:000241768500017 PM 17086777 ER PT J AU Stuart, NA Market, PS Tielfeyan, B Lackmann, GM Carey, K Brooks, HE Nietfeld, D Motta, BC Reeves, K AF Stuart, Neil A. Market, Partick S. Tielfeyan, Bruce Lackmann, Gary M. Carey, Kenneth Brooks, Harold E. Nietfeld, Daniel Motta, Brian C. Reeves, Ken TI The future of humans in an increasingly automated forecast process SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE C1 Natl Weather Serv, Wakefield, VA USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. USAF, Weather Agcy, Offutt AFB, NE USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Mitretek Syst Inc, Falls Church, VA USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Omaha, NE USA. Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Boulder, CO USA. AccuWeather Inc, State Coll, PA USA. RP Stuart, NA (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, 251 Fuller Rd,Suite B300, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM neil.stuart@noaa.gov RI Motta, Brian/D-7521-2015 OI Motta, Brian/0000-0002-9048-6432 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 87 IS 11 BP 1497 EP 1502 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-11-1497 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 108HT UT WOS:000242231600013 ER PT J AU Lievens, CW Gunvant, P Newman, J Gerstner, M Simpsont, C AF Lievens, Christopher W. Gunvant, Pinakin Newman, James Gerstner, Michael Simpsont, Chad TI Effect of Proview self-tonometry on pharmaceutical compliance SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE glaucoma; intraocular pressure; pharmaceutical compliance; Proview Phosphene Tonometer; tonometry ID GOLDMANN APPLANATION TONOMETER; PRESSURE PHOSPHENE TONOMETER; GLAUCOMA PATIENTS; NONCOMPLIANCE; THERAPY; MONITOR AB Aim: To evaluate changes in patient compliance with medical treatment while using the Proview Eye Pressure Monitor. Methods: A crossover study design was used to compare the compliance of patients with established use of topical medication to lower intraocular pressure in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma. Thirty-two patients currently managed with latanoprost 0.005%, brimonidine 0.15%, travoprost 0.004% or bimatoprost 0.03% as monotherapy or in combination were randomly assigned to two study groups. Group 1 was instructed in the use of Proview Eye Pressure Monitor three times daily for 30 days as an adjunct to the glaucoma regimen. Group 2 was observed with no change in the patients' treatment regimen during this phase of study. A crossover occurred at 30 days. Compliance was monitored by assigning new bottles of topical medication during each phase of study. Bottles were weighed with a Mettler balance (Mettler Toledo Co.) at the initiation and completion of each phase. The changes in bottle-weight determined the amount of medication consumed by each patient for each phase of the study. The weights were analysed to estimate changes in compliance. Results: A paired samples Student t-test compared the consumed bottle weights with and without Proview Eye Pressure Monitor usage. No statistical significance or trend was identifiable (p = 0.98). Use of the Proview Eye Pressure Monitor did not significantly change compliance with adjunct eye drop medication. Conclusion: The use of the Proview Eye Pressure Monitor use did not improve but appeared to hinder compliance with glaucoma treatment in this study. C1 So Coll Optometry, Memphis, TN USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Lievens, CW (reprint author), 1245 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN USA. EM clievens@sco.edu OI Davey, Pinakin/0000-0002-6683-7052 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0816-4622 J9 CLIN EXP OPTOM JI Clin. Exp. Optom. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 89 IS 6 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2006.00081.x PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 112NS UT WOS:000242533700007 PM 17026606 ER PT J AU Chiu, WK Singh, JP AF Chiu, W. K. Singh, J. P. TI Special issue: US Air Force Workshop Health Assessment of Composite Structures - Preface SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Monash Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. USAF, Off Sci Res, AOARD, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1060032, Japan. RP Chiu, WK (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM jp.singh@aoard.af.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 76 IS 3 SI SI BP 197 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.06.027 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 098FN UT WOS:000241506500001 ER PT J AU Singh, JP AF Singh, J. P. TI Special issue: US Air Force Workshop Health Assessment of Composite Structures - Foreword SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Off Sci Res, AOARD, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1060032, Japan. RP Singh, JP (reprint author), USAF, Off Sci Res, AOARD, Minato Ku, 7-23-17 Roppongi, Tokyo 1060032, Japan. EM jp.singh@aoard.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 76 IS 3 SI SI BP 198 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.06.026 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 098FN UT WOS:000241506500002 ER PT J AU Sihn, S Iarve, EV Roy, AK AF Sihn, Sangwook Iarve, Endel V. Roy, Ajit K. TI Asymptotic analysis of laminated composites with countersunk open- and fastened-holes SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY OCT 19-22, 2003 CL Gainesville, FL SP Amer Soc Composites DE asymptotic analysis; open and fastened-holes; stress concentrations; anisotropy ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRESS-ANALYSIS; FAILURE; JOINTS AB A linear stress analysis reveals singular stress fields at lamina (ply) interfaced in open- and fastened-hole problems, analogous to free-edge stress fields. An asymptotic analysis was performed in the vicinity of orthotropic ply interfaces at open- and fastened-hole edges to assess the power of singularity at critical locations. Three locations were examined through the thickness of the hole; vertical section (shank), countersunk section and intersection of the shank and the countersunk edge. The power of singularity was calculated around the hole edge at three countersunk angles (0 degrees, 30 degrees and 50 degrees) and at three ply interfaces ([45/-45], [0/45] and [45/0]). In the open-hole case, the power of singularity at the vertical edge was weaker than 0.1 in all interface configurations and locations, and that at the 75 degrees countersunk edge reached a maximum of 0.2876 at the [45/-45] interface as the countersunk angle increased. No singular root was found at intersection of the shank and any angles of the countersunk edges. In the fastened-hole edge case, the observed trends were largely opposite to the open-hole case. In the shank of the hole, the power of singularity reached 0.3010 at the [45/-45] interface, which was the strongest singularity found for all countersunk angles explored. The intersection of the shank and 50 degrees countersunk edges exhibited the highest degrees of singularity of 0.7591 at the [45/-45] interface. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmet Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sihn, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Nonmet Div, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sangwook@stanfordalumni.org NR 9 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 66 IS 14 BP 2479 EP 2490 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.02.019 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 083VQ UT WOS:000240486700014 ER PT J AU Sierakowski, RL Hughes, ML AF Sierakowski, R. L. Hughes, M. L. TI Force protection using composite sandwich structures SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY OCT 19-22, 2003 CL Gainesville, FL SP Amer Soc Composites DE sandwich; mechanical properties; strength; structural materials cellular structure AB In the recent past, advances have been made in the attempt to utilize composite materials as components in protective structures such as those employed by the Air Force to secure critical military assets. In such applications, where lightweight materials that exhibit large levels of energy absorption and high strength/stiffness characteristics are desirable, composite sandwich constructions offer an attractive solution. In an attempt to evaluate the suitability of certain sandwich structures for use in force protection applications, several sandwich constructions with somewhat novel core materials were identified. A group of thermoplastic core materials have been developed that possess features of both a dense elastic solid and a foam type material. This class of core materials incorporates sloping cell walls, rather than the traditional parallel cell wall structure present in, say, a regular aluminum honeycomb. This feature, along with the increased surface area connectivity present between cells (produced by the forming process used to create the core materials) integrates surrounding cells into what may be described as an enhanced hexagonal single unit cell structure. To develop a preliminary understanding of the response of these enhanced cellular materials to the various loading regimes that could be encountered in a protective structure, a series of static and dynamic tests were conducted at Tyndall Air Force Base. A complete description of the novel core materials, as well as the results of the static and dynamic tests, will be presented in this paper. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, AFRL,MN CAN, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Hughes, ML (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM hughema@eng.auburn.edu NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 66 IS 14 BP 2500 EP 2505 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.03.034 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 083VQ UT WOS:000240486700016 ER PT J AU Shima, T Rasmussen, SJ Sparks, AG Passino, KM AF Shima, T Rasmussen, SJ Sparks, AG Passino, KM TI Multiple task assignments for cooperating uninhabited aerial vehicles using genetic algorithms SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE task assignment; multiple tasks; cooperating agents; genetic algorithm; uninhabited aerial vehicles AB A problem of assigning cooperating uninhabited aerial vehicles to perform multiple tasks on multiple targets is posed as a new combinatorial optimization problem. A genetic algorithm for solving such a problem is proposed. The algorithm allows us to efficiently solve this NP-hard problem that has prohibitive computational complexity for classical combinatorial optimization methods. It also allows us to take into account the unique requirements of the scenario such as task precedence and coordination, timing constraints, and trajectory limitations. A matrix representation of the genetic algorithm chromosomes simplifies the encoding process and the application of the genetic operators. The performance of the algorithm is compared to that of deterministic branch and bound search and stochastic random search methods. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the viability of the genetic algorithm by showing that it consistently and quickly provides good feasible solutions. This makes the real time implementation for high-dimensional problems feasible. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Control Theory & Optimizat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Shima, T (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Control Theory & Optimizat Branch, Bldg 146,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shima_tal@yahoo.com NR 21 TC 59 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 33 IS 11 BP 3252 EP 3269 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2005.02.039 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 037XD UT WOS:000237180200014 ER PT J AU Schmalbach, CE Johnson, TM Bradford, CR AF Schmalbach, Cecelia E. Johnson, Timothy M. Bradford, Carol R. TI The management of head and neck melanoma SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN SURGERY LA English DT Review ID LYMPH-NODE BIOPSY; CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE; EARLY-STAGE MELANOMA; CONGENITAL MELANOCYTIC NEVI; UNKNOWN PRIMARY SITE; HIGH-RISK MELANOMA; DESMOPLASTIC NEUROTROPIC MELANOMA; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS ANALYSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Schmalbach, CE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 221 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0011-3840 J9 CURR PROB SURG JI Curr. Probl. Surg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 43 IS 11 BP 774 EP 835 DI 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2006.08.002 PG 62 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 111VC UT WOS:000242482300002 PM 17112818 ER PT J AU Varney, SM Hirshon, JM AF Varney, Shawn M. Hirshon, Jon Mark TI Update on public health surveillance in emergency departments SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB The systematic collection and analysis of health data are important actions required to help understand the health needs of a population. When it is done to investigate a problem to contribute to generalizable knowledge, it is defined as research [1]. If these activities are done through the collection of health data in an ongoing manner to influence the health of the public, it can be considered public health surveillance. Considering that in 2003 there were an estimated 113.9 million emergency department (ED) visits nationwide [2], EDs are an ideal location to collect de-identified information on the acute health needs and patterns of the population of the United States. The systematic collection of data from multiple EDs can also serve as a barometer of the overall status of the US health system. While there are a number of logistical and infrastructural barriers that can impede the development of surveillance systems, the potential benefits from these systems are significant. The ability to analyze data; distribute results; and influence policy, funding, and patients' behavior are important outgrowths of public health surveillance in emergency departments. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Div Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Charles McC Mathias Jr Natl Study Ctr Trauma & EM, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Varney, SM (reprint author), Dept Emergency Med, 59 MDW-MCED,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM shawn.varney@lackland.af.mil OI Hirshon, Jon Mark/0000-0002-5247-529X NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1035 EP + DI 10.1016/j.emc.2006.06.004 PG 20 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 091XV UT WOS:000241062500014 PM 16982351 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Ketchum, N Roehrborn, CG Schecter, A Aragaki, CC Michalek, JE AF Gupta, Amit Ketchum, Norma Roehrborn, Claus G. Schecter, Arnold Aragaki, Corinne C. Michalek, Joel E. TI Serum dioxin, testosterone, and subsequent risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective cohort study of air force veterans SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE benign prostatic hyperplasia; BPH; dioxins; endocrine disruptors; persistent organic pollutants; Ranch Hand; testosterone; TCDD; Vietnam veterans ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; MALE-RATS; IN-UTERO; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ANDROGEN PRODUCTION; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; VENTRAL PROSTATE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; ESTRADIOL AB BACKGROUND: Operation Ranch Hand veterans were involved in spraying herbicides, including Agent Orange, during the Vietnam War in 1962-1971; Agent Orange was contaminated with, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). It has been hypothesized that dioxins may be partially responsible for an increase of male reproductive tract disorders such as testicular cancer, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias. OBJECTIVES: In this study, our objective was to assess the effect of serum TCDD concentration on the risk of development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and on serum testosterone levels. METHODS: This study was a longitudinal, prospective cohort study made up of U.S. Air Force veterans involved in Operation Ranch Hand. Other Air Force veterans who did not spray herbicides were included as comparisons. BPH was determined by medical record review and by medical examinations conducted during the study. Data were available for 971 Ranch Hand and 1,266 comparison veterans. We investigated the relationship between BPH and serum TCDD level using the Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for testosterone levels, body mass index (BMI), and the percentage change in BMI per year. RESULTS: In univariate and multivariate analyses, the risk of BPH decreased with increasing serum TCDD in the comparison group. The multivariate risk ratio for BPH in the comparison group was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.98). Excluding men with prostate cancer, inflammatory or other prostatic diseases did not substantially alter the association. Serum testosterone levels were inversely associated with serum TCDD levels in both Ranch Hand and comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS: TCDD exposure at general population levels is associated with a decreasing risk of BPH with higher exposure levels. TCDD exposure is also negatively associated with serum testosterone levels. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Urol, J8-130,5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM amit.gupta@utsouthwestern.edu NR 36 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 114 IS 11 BP 1649 EP 1654 DI 10.1289/ehp.8957 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 102OS UT WOS:000241822300023 PM 17107848 ER PT J AU Crafton, J Carter, C Elliott, G Sullivan, J AF Crafton, Jim Carter, Campbell Elliott, Greg Sullivan, John TI The impingement of sonic and sub-sonic jets onto a flat plate at inclined angles SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION; FLOW; SURFACE AB The flow field associated with a jet impinging onto a surface at an inclined angle is investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results indicate that as a free jet impinges on a flat surface at an inclined angle the jet is turned by and spread laterally onto the impingement surface. The impingement angle of the jet is the dominant parameter in determining the rate of turning/spreading for the jet. The stagnation point is located using the PIV data and is found upstream of the geometric impingement point and upstream of the location of maximum pressure. The location of the stagnation point is a strong function of impingement angle and a weak function of impingement distance and pressure ratio. The location of the stagnation point is compared with the location of maximum pressure and compared to a curve fit for the location of maximum pressure based an exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for a non-orthogonal stagnation flow. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Crafton, J (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM jwcrafton@innssi.com NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 5 BP 699 EP 710 DI 10.1007/s00348-006-0192-z PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 131JL UT WOS:000243865000003 ER PT J AU Hong, L Cui, N Bakich, M Layne, JR AF Hong, L. Cui, N. Bakich, M. Layne, J. R. TI Multirate interacting multiple model particle filter for terrain-based ground target tracking SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ASSOCIATION; ALGORITHM AB Ground target tracking is a nonlinear filtering problem when it incorporates terrain and road constraints into system modelling and uses polar coordinate sensing. Furthermore, when tracking ground manoeuvring targets with an interacting multiple model approach, a non-Gaussian problem exists because of an inherent mixing operation. A multirate interacting multiple model particle filter (MRIMM-PF) is presented to effectively solve the problem of nonlinear and non-Gaussian tracking, with an emphasis on computational savings. The sample subset of each mode is updated at a different rate and mode switches are performed according to a Markov chain at a low rate. For a fixed number of samples, simulation results show that the MRIMM-PF significantly reduces computational costs, with comparable tracking performance to multiple model particle filter. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNAT, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hong, L (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM lhong@cs.wright.edu NR 20 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2379 J9 IEE P-CONTR THEOR AP JI IEE Proc.-Control Theory Appl. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 153 IS 6 BP 721 EP 731 DI 10.1049/ip-eta:20050047 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 114GG UT WOS:000242654100012 ER PT J AU Hubenko, VA Raines, RA Mills, RF Baldwin, RO Mullins, BE Grimaila, MR AF Hubenko, Victor A., Jr. Raines, Richard A. Mills, Robert F. Baldwin, Rusty O. Mullins, Barfy E. Grimaila, Michael R. TI Improving the Global Information Grid's performance through satellite communications layer enhancements SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID MULTICAST; ALGORITHMS; NETWORKS AB With the Information Age in full and rapid development, users are becoming accustomed to having immediate access to information.(1) Users demand more capabilities from every kind of electronic device: more processing power, more features, and better connectivity. Users are also realizing the benefits of collaborating with others in their communities to help expand the body of knowledge. One user that understands the benefits of information sharing is the United States Department of Defense. The DoD's Network-Centric Enterprise Services initiative, along with the concept of pushing the "power to the edge," aims to enable end users with maximum situational awareness and the most comprehensive battlespace, all in a secure networking environment. Providing so much data and capabilities to the end user, however, will require an increase in communications capability and efficiency. To address increased capability needs, the DoD is continually developing and enhancing the Global Information Grid (GIG) throughout its various "layers" of communication infrastructure. One such layer of infrastructure involves the use of cooperative low Earth orbiting satellites for efficient multicasting communications. In this article we review the network-centric concept and the GIG infrastructure. We then discuss the potential benefits to adding a low Earth orbit satellite communications infrastructure to the GIG model. Finally, we show how multicasting protocols can enhance the efficiency within the GIG and reduce some of the long-haul communications burdens. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Informat Secur Educ & Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hubenko, VA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Informat Secur Educ & Res, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Victor.Hubenko@afit.edu; Richard.Raines@afit.edu; Robert.Mills@afit.edu; Rusty.Baldwin@afit.edu; Barry.Mullins@afit.edu; Michael.Grimaila@afit.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 11 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1109/MCOM.2006.248167 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 104TQ UT WOS:000241982700007 ER PT J AU Soref, R AF Soref, Richard TI The past, present, and future of silicon photonics SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE CMOS; electroabsorption; Ge photodetectors; GeSn; optoelectronic integrated circuits; photonic crystals (PhCs); photonic integrated circuits (PICs); plasmonics; SiGeSn; silicon lasers ID INSULATOR WAVE-GUIDES; 1.6 MU-M; ON-INSULATOR; STIMULATED-EMISSION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MODULATOR; COMPONENTS; LIGHT; OPTOELECTRONICS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB The pace of the development of silicon photonics has quickened since 2004 due to investment by industry and government. Commercial state-of-the-art CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) foundries are now being utilized in a crucial test of 1.55-mu m monolithic optoelectronic (OE) integration, a test sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The preliminary results indicate that the silicon photonics are truly CMOS compatible. R&D groups have now developed 10-100-Gb/s electro-optic modulators, ultrafast Ge-on-Si photodetectors, efficient fiber-to-waveguide couplers, and Si Raman lasers. Electrically pumped silicon lasers are under intense investigation, with several approaches being tried; however, lasing has not yet been attained. The new paradigm for the Si-based photonic and optoelectric integrated circuits is that these chip-scale networks, when suitably designed, will operate at a wavelength anywhere within the broad spectral range of 1.2-100 mu m, with cryocooling needed in some cases. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM richard.soref@hanscom.af.mil NR 77 TC 714 Z9 735 U1 49 U2 395 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1678 EP 1687 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2006.883151 PN 2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 119LL UT WOS:000243013700046 ER PT J AU Chaboya, DJ Raines, RA Baldwin, RO Mullins, BE AF Chaboya, David J. Raines, Richard A. Baldwin, Rusty O. Mullins, Barry E. TI Network intrusion detection - Automated and manual methods prone to attack and evasion SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Res Labs, Antitamper & Software Protect Initiat Off, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chaboya, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Res Labs, Antitamper & Software Protect Initiat Off, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.chaboya@wpafb.af.mil; richard.raines@afit.edu; rusty.baldwin@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 4 IS 6 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1109/MSP.2006.159 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 112SU UT WOS:000242548200006 ER PT J AU Mailloux, RJ AF Mailloux, Robert J. TI Operating modes and dynamic range of active space-fed arrays with digital beamforming SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID ANTENNA AB Narrow band space-fed (lens) scanning arrays have played a major role in many military and commercial applications. However, wider bandwidth space-fed arrays with phase shifters in the objective aperture, and subarrayed time delay have not found many ready applications because of network losses, complexity, and more recently because of a perceived incompatibility with active solid state module technology. This paper demonstrates that a feed array with transmit/receive (T/R) modules and digitally reconfigured control, can accommodate both narrow band and radiation with relatively efficient use of the active sources. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01001 USA. RP Mailloux, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM robert.mailloux@hanscom.af.mil NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 3347 EP 3355 DI 10.1109/TAP.2006.880658 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 104NV UT WOS:000241966000003 ER PT J AU Martin, RK AF Martin, Richard K. TI Joint blind adaptive carrier frequency offset estimation and channel shortening SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive; blind; carrier frequency offset (CFO); cyclic prefix; equalization; multicarrier ID DISCRETE MULTITONE TRANSCEIVERS; DMT-BASED SYSTEMS; AUTOCORRELATION MINIMIZATION; ML ESTIMATION; BROAD-BAND; EQUALIZATION; DESIGN; TIME AB Multicarrier modulation has the advantage of robustness to multipath, so long as the delay spread of the multipath is less than the guard interval between successive transmitted blocks. However, it has the disadvantage of sensitivity to a carrier frequency offset (CFO), which disrupts the orthogonality of the subcarriers. If a CFO is present, it must be estimated and then corrected. In addition, if the channel delay spread exceeds the guard interval, this must be accounted for as well, usually by a channel shortening equalizer. Hitherto, CFO estimation and channel shortening have been addressed individually. However, this leads to a circular set of assumptions, since standard CFO estimators perform poorly when the channel is longer than the guard interval, and standard channel shorteners assume that CFO estimation has already been perfectly performed. In this paper, we investigate a blind, adaptive method for jointly performing CFO estimation and channel shortening. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 54 IS 11 BP 4194 EP 4203 DI 10.1109/TSP.2006.880235 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 098QK UT WOS:000241537700010 ER PT J AU Lowe, JK AF Lowe, James K. TI Homeland security: Operations research initiatives and applications SO INTERFACES LA English DT Editorial Material DE homeland security applications; counterterrorism; pandemic response; bioterrorism; airport security; infrastructure protection; emergency planning; optimization; simulation; decision-support systems C1 USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lowe, JK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H-238, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jim.lowe@usafa.af.mil NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 6 BP 483 EP 485 DI 10.1287/inte.1060.0243 PG 3 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 117JA UT WOS:000242868100001 ER PT J AU Morrissey, R Nicholas, T AF Morrissey, Ryan Nicholas, Theodore TI Staircase testing of a titanium alloy in the gigacycle regime SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF-3) CY SEP 16-19, 2004 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE high cycle fatigue; Ti-6Al-4V; ultrasonic; endurance limit; staircase testing ID CYCLE FATIGUE; FREQUENCY AB The objective of this research was to investigate the high cycle fatigue behavior of a titanium alloy using an ultrasonic fatigue system. Fatigue testing from 10(6) to 10(9) cycles under fully reversed cycling (R = -1) was performed to determine the ultra-high cycle fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V. The staircase test method was employed to obtain accurate values of the mean fatigue limit stress corresponding to fixed numbers of cycles up to 10(9). These results were compared to similar data generated on conventional servohydraulic test systems and electromagnetic shaker systems to determine if there are any frequency effects. In addition, specimens were tested with and without cooling air to determine the effects of temperature on the fatigue behavior. Results indicate that the fatigue strength determined from ultrasonic testing was consistent with conventional testing. In addition, the temperature rise in this material during ultrasonic testing is insignificant and has no apparent effect on the endurance limit. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morrissey, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ryan.Morrissey@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD NOV PY 2006 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1577 EP 1582 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.10.007 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 088KT UT WOS:000240811300019 ER PT J AU Selvam, RP Lin, LC Ponnappan, R AF Selvam, R. Panneer Lin, Lancho Ponnappan, Rengasainy TI Direct simulation of spray cooling: Effect of vapor bubble growth and liquid droplet impact on heat transfer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE spray cooling; heat transfer enhancement; multiphase flow modeling; level set method ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PHASE-CHANGE; FLUID-FLOWS; PRESSURES; SURFACE AB Numerical modeling of multiphase flow using level set method is discussed. The 2-D model considers the effect of surface tension between liquid and vapor, gravity, phase change and viscosity. The level set method is used to capture the movement of the free surface. The detail of incorporating the mechanism of phase change in the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using the level set method is described. The governing equations are solved using the finite difference method. The computer model is used to study the spray cooling phenomenon in the micro environment of about 40 mu m thick liquid layer with vapor bubble growing due to nucleation. The importance of studying the heat transfer mechanism in thin liquid film for spray cooling is identified. The flow and heat transfer details are presented for two cases: (1) when the vapor bubble grows due to nucleation and (2) merges with the vapor layer above the liquid layer and when a liquid droplet impacts the thin liquid layer with vapor bubble growing. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Selvam, RP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, BELL 4190, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM rps@engr.uark.edu RI selvam, Rathinam/H-7849-2013 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 49 IS 23-24 BP 4265 EP 4278 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.05.009 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 093AC UT WOS:000241138500001 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Lee, R Garscadden, A AF Jiao, C. Q. DeJoseph, C. A., Jr. Lee, R. Garscadden, A. TI Kinetics of electron impact ionization and ion-molecule reactions of pyridine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ionization; pyridine; ion-molecule; cross-section ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; APPEARANCE ENERGIES; CROSS-SECTIONS; FRAGMENTATION; SPECTRA; C6H6; DISSOCIATION; EXCITATION; SHIFT; C4H4 AB Dissociative ionization of pyridine by electron impact is investigated using Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). Absolute total and partial ionization cross-sections are measured as functions of electron energy in the range of 10-200 eV The parent ion and 15 fragment ions are observed, with the total cross-section reaching a maximum of 1.5 x 10(-15) cm(2) at similar to 90 eV. Four important ions generated at 50 eV electron energy, C5H5N+, C4H4+, C4H3+, and C4H2+, are found to react with pyridine via mechanisms of charge transfer and proton transfer. C4H4+ also undergoes condensation with pyridine followed by H elimination. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Garscadden, A (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.garscadden@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 257 IS 1-3 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2006.06.007 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 098RI UT WOS:000241540100005 ER PT J AU Alexeenko, AA Gimelshein, SF Muntz, EP Ketsdever, AD AF Alexeenko, Alina A. Gimelshein, Sergey F. Muntz, E. Phillip Ketsdever, Andrew D. TI Kinetic modeling of temperature driven flows in short microchannels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE kinetic models; microchannels; thermal transpiration; BGK; DSMC ID BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; SIMULATION AB The temperature driven gas flows in both a two-dimensional finite length microchannel and a cylindrical tube have been studied numerically, with a goal of investigating performance optimization for a nanomembrane-based Knudsen Compressor. The numerical solutions were obtained using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and a discrete ordinate method for the ellipsoidal statistical and Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook models. The Knudsen number was 0.2 and the length-to-height ratio 5. Three different wall temperature distributions were considered: linear, step-wise, and a non-monotonic profile typical for a radiantly heated Knudsen Compressor's membrane. The short channel end effects are characterized, and the sensitivity of the mass flow to a non-monotonic temperature distribution is shown. (C) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. AF Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Alexeenko, AA (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM alexeenk@usc.edu NR 19 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1290-0729 J9 INT J THERM SCI JI Int. J. Therm. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1045 EP 1051 DI 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2006.01.014 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 094EZ UT WOS:000241223600002 ER PT J AU Dunn, JS Gruber, D Broberg, J Fischer, JR Thornton, JA AF Dunn, James S., Jr. Gruber, Daniel Broberg, Jeff Fischer, John R. Thornton, Jennifer A. TI Urogynecology practice patterns among Air Force obstetricians and gynecologists: survey results SO INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE urogynecology training; obstetrics and gynecology training; core curriculum; military physicians ID PELVIC FLOOR DISORDERS; URINARY-INCONTINENCE; FEMALE SOLDIERS AB The objective of this study was to describe the practice patterns of physicians in the United States Air Force regarding the evaluation and treatment of female pelvic floor disorders including urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. A self-administered survey of 22 questions was electronically mailed to all active duty Air Force obstetricians & gynecologists. Fifty-one surveys were returned for a 51% response rate. Eighty-four percent of physicians treat urinary incontinence. A smaller percentage perform advanced reconstructive techniques, using biomaterials (35%), colpocleisis (39%), overlapping sphincter repairs (45%), and abdominal sacrocolpopexy (27%). When questioned about urogynecology training during residency, most respondents report inadequate training in advanced pelvic surgery techniques. In conclusion, the majority of Air Force obstetricians and gynecologists feel comfortable treating uncomplicated urinary incontinence but do not routinely perform advanced urogynecology surgeries. There is a continued need to train physicians in female pelvic medicine to treat a unique patient population. C1 David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Dunn, JS (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM James.dunn@travis.af.mil NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-3462 J9 INT UROGYNECOL J JI Int. Urogynecol. J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 17 IS 6 BP 598 EP 603 DI 10.1007/s00192-006-0073-2 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology GA 094SM UT WOS:000241259300011 PM 16820999 ER PT J AU Kolonay, RM Eastep, FE AF Kolonay, Raymond M. Eastep, Franklin E. TI Optimal scheduling of control surfaces on flexible wings to reduce induced drag SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Induced drag on flexible wings is reduced at off-design cruise conditions with simulated active conformal control surface deflections. An inverse optimization technique is used to manipulate the spanwise distribution of load. The method is demonstrated on two cases, a simple rectangular wing with a beam model and a fighter wing with a fully built-up finite element structural model. The control surfaces are deflected to redistribute the lift on the wing while maintaining a two degrees of freedom (lift and pitch) flexible trimmed flight condition. Iteratively optimizing an approximate problem eliminates the need for the trimmed angle of attack and the elevator deflections to participate in the design optimization as free variables. Only the control surface deflections are used to match the desired elliptic load distribution, which in turn is shown to produce the minimum induced drag according to calculations by a Trefftz-plane technique. The automated structural optimization system program is used for creating a complex structural model, a realistic linear aerodynamic prediction technique, and a free flying trim analysis. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Struct Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Kolonay, RM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Struct Div, 2130 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Raymond.kolonay@wpafb.af.mil; franklin.eastep@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1655 EP 1661 DI 10.2514/1.14604 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 119CM UT WOS:000242989800008 ER PT J AU Chen, B Thomsen, SL Thomas, RJ Welch, AJ AF Chen, Bo Thomsen, Sharon L. Thomas, Robert J. Welch, Ashley J. TI Modeling thermal damage in skin from 2000-nm laser irradiation SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE damage threshold; finite element modeling; laser injury; laser safety; maximum permissible exposure; skin damage ID TEMPERATURE RISES; TISSUE; RADIATION; INJURY AB An optical-thermal-damage model of the skin under laser irradiation is developed by using finite-element modeling software (FEMLAB 3.1, Comsol, Incorporated, Burlington, Massachusetts). The general model simulates light propagation, heat generation, transient temperature response, and thermal damage produced by a radically symmetric laser beam of normal incidence. Predictions from the model are made of transient surface temperatures and the thermal damage on a pigskin surface generated by 2000-nm laser irradiation, and these predictions are compared to experimental measurements. The comparisons validate the model predictions, boundary conditions, and optical, thermal, and rate process parameters. The model enables the authors to verify the suitability of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) maximum permissible exposure (MPE) standard for a wavelength of 2000 nm with exposure duration from 0.1 to 1 s and 3.5-mm beam diameter. Compared with the ANSI MPE standard, however, the MPE values predicted by the model are higher for exposure durations less than 0.1 s. The model indicates that it may be necessary to modify the ANSI MPE standard for cases in which the laser-beam diameter is larger than 3.5 mm when a "safety factor" of ten is used. A histopathological analysis of the skin damage is performed to determine the mechanisms of laser-induced damage in the skin. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Texas, Biomed Engn Laser Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Opt Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Chen, B (reprint author), Univ Texas, Biomed Engn Laser Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM chenbo@mail.utexas.edu NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 11 IS 6 AR 064028 DI 10.1117/1.2402114 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 132UU UT WOS:000243968700031 PM 17212551 ER PT J AU Kennedy, LG Everett, JW Becvar, E Defeo, D AF Kennedy, Lonnie G. Everett, Jess W. Becvar, Erica DeFeo, Donald TI Field-scale demonstration of induced biogeochemical reductive dechlorination at Dover Air Force Base, Dover, Delaware SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE biogeochemical reductive dechlorination; TCE; FeS; reduced minerals ID IRON SULFIDE; NATURAL ATTENUATION; TRANSFORMATION; KINETICS; PYRITE AB Biogeochemical reductive dechlorination (BiRD) is a new remediation approach for chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs). The approach stimulates common sulfate-reducing soil bacteria, facilitating the geochemical conversion of native iron minerals into iron sulfides. Iron sulfides have the ability to chemically reduce many common CAH compounds including PCE, TCE, DCE, similar to zero valent iron (Fe-0). Results of a field test at Dover Air Force Base, Dover, Delaware, are given in this paper. BiRD was stimulated by direct injection of Epson salt (MgSO4 center dot 7H(2)O) and sodium (L) lactate (NaC3H5O3) in five injection wells. Sediment was sampled before and 8 months after injection. Significant iron sulfide minerals developed in the sandy aquifer matrix. From ground water analyses, treatment began a few weeks after injection with up to 95% reduction in PCE, TCE, and cDCE in less than I year. More complete CAH treatment is likely at a larger scale than this demonstration. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rowan Univ, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. Earth Sci Serv, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Everett, JW (reprint author), Rowan Univ, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. EM lonnie_kennedy@earthscienceserv.com; everett@rowan.edu; Erica.Becvar@brooks.af.mil; Donald.M.DeFeo@usace.army.mil NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.06.007 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 109OK UT WOS:000242317700007 PM 16949177 ER PT J AU Robinson, DH Beth, A Hsieh, YP Vanderveen, A Odom, S Katayama, AD AF Robinson, Daniel H. Beth, Alicia Hsieh, Ya-Ping Vanderveen, Arthur Odom, Susan Katayama, Andrew D. TI Increasing text comprehension and graphic note taking using a partial graphic organizer SO JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE graphic organizers; note taking; text comprehension ID ADJUNCT DISPLAYS; VISUAL ARGUMENT; STUDENTS; EFFICIENCY AB In 3 quasi,experiments using intact classrooms and I true experiment using random assignment, students completed partially complete graphic organizers (GOs) or studied complete GOs that covered course content. The partial task led to increased overall examination performance in all experiments. Also, the authors measured students' notetaking style (linear vs. graphic) at the beginning and end of the course. In all experiments, GO note taking increased. The increases were greatest when the authors presented the partial task in a computer environment with a timed, forced-choice task. Implications for using the partial GO task in the classroom, as well as future note taking research directions are discussed. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Educ Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. SUNY, New York, NY USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Robinson, DH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Educ Psychol, SZB 504, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM dan.robinson@mail.utexas.edu NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0022-0671 J9 J EDUC RES JI J. Educ. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 100 IS 2 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.3200/JOER.100.2.103-111 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 104BX UT WOS:000241932000003 ER PT J AU Liu, J Walter, E Stenger, D Thach, D AF Liu, Jinny Walter, Elizabeth Stenger, David Thach, Dzung CA Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance TI Effects of globin mRNA reduction methods on gene expression profiles from whole blood SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE AB Excessive globin mRNA in whole blood RNA decreases transcript detection sensitivity and increases signal variation on microarrays. Hence, methods based on peptide nucleic acid inhibitory oligos and biotinylated DNA capture oligos have been developed to reduce globin mRNA. However, there is limited information about the effects of these two methods on gene expression profiles. Thus, we systematically compared the facility and effects of the two globin reduction methods on profile measurements from jurkat cell line RNA with or without spiked globin mRNA and human blood RNA isolated using PAXgene collection tubes. We showed that the methods were efficient at increasing the sensitivity of transcript detection without loss of specificity, but neither method could recover a profile equivalent to that of an identical RNA sample without globin mRNA excesses. The capture oligo method had slightly better transcript detection sensitivity for cell line RNA, lowered signal variation for PAXgene RNA, and more similar profiles to controls than the inhibitory method. However, the capture method required larger amounts of initial high-quality RNA to yield sufficient cRNA amounts, and its procedures were more complex and time consuming than the inhibitory method. These results inform the selection of methods suitable for multi-center surveillance of gene expression profiles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, College Stn, TX USA. USAF, Surg Gen Headquarters, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Thach, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6920,4555 Overlook Ave SW,Bldg 30, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dzung.thach@nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009; OI Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 NR 6 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 8 IS 5 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.2353/jmoldx.2006.060021 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 102LF UT WOS:000241811800006 PM 17065423 ER PT J AU Love, JD DeMartini, SD Coppola, CP AF Love, Joseph D. DeMartini, Steven D. Coppola, Christopher P. TI Prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy in a 17-year-old with Frasier syndrome reveals gonadoblastoma and seminoma: a case report SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID GERM-CELL TUMORS; PEDIATRIC INTERGROUP; SEX DETERMINATION; WILMS-TUMOR; WT1 GENE; DIFFERENTIATION; ADOLESCENTS; MUTATIONS; CHILDREN AB Mutations in the Wilms' tumor gene are present in children with Frasier syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome, WAGR syndrome, and some cases of Wilms' tumor. The Wilms' tumor gene product, WT1, is necessary for normal urogenital development. Frasier syndrome is an association between focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, beginning in the second and third decade, male to female sex reversal, and dysgenetic gonads. We report a case of Frasier syndrome in a 17-year-old adolescent girl with renal failure, kidney transplant, and dysgenetic gonads, with development of gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma (seminoma). The diagnosis of Frasier syndrome was based on nephrotic syndrome with diffuse mesangial sclerosis leading to chronic renal failure, dysgenetic gonads, 46 XY karyotype in a phenotypic female, and a mutation in the Wilms' tumor gene. Prophylactic laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy revealed gonadoblastoma and seminoma in opposite atrophic ovaries as well as a hypoplastic uterus. Early prophylactic resection of dysgenetic gonads is indicated in children with Frasier syndrome to prevent the development of germ cell malignancy. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Coppola, CP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM ccoppola@pol.net OI Coppola, Christopher/0000-0002-2683-4324 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 41 IS 11 AR E1 DI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.07.012 PG 4 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 110RB UT WOS:000242395200038 PM 17101338 ER PT J AU Engelmeier, RL Schneid, TR Kelly, DW Hansen, NA AF Engelmeier, Robert L. Schneid, Thomas R. Kelly, Dennis W., Jr. Hansen, Nancy A. TI Full-body impression technique for conjoined twins: A clinical report SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEPARATION AB This clinical report describes a unique impression technique devised for fabrication of a full-body cast of conjoined twins. The authors describe how the cast was used by the medical team to plan the surgical flap design for effective abdominal wall closure during the 27-hour operation sequence that resulted in the twins' separation. The cast, in turn, proved invaluable in planning the complicated surgical procedures necessary to separate them. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, USAF Prosthodont Residency Program, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Dent Branch Houston, Grad Prosthodont Program, Houston, TX USA. 60th Med Grp, Travis AFB, Dept Prosthodont, Fairfield, CA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Schneid, TR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, USAF Prosthodont Residency Program, 59th Dent Squadron MRDP,2450 Pepperell St, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM Thomas.Schneid@lackland.af.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 96 IS 5 BP 317 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.prosdent.2006.09.016 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 110ET UT WOS:000242361800003 PM 17098493 ER PT J AU Morgan, P Visbal, M Rizzetta, D AF Morgan, P. Visbal, M. Rizzetta, D. TI A parallel overset grid high-order flow solver for large eddy simulation SO JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE CFD; parallel computing.; high-order compact differencing; large Eddy simulation; Navier Stokes equations ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; TURBULENT FLOWS; CHANNEL FLOW; MESHES; MODEL; WAKE AB This work describes the development and validation of a parallel high-order compact finite difference Navier-Stokes solver for application to large-eddy simulation (LES) and direct numerical simulation. The implicit solver can employ Lip to sixth-order spatial formulations and tenth-order filtering. The parallelization of the solver is founded on the overset grid technique. LES were then performed for turbulent channel flow with Reynolds numbers ranging from Re-tau = 180 to 590, and flow past a circular cylinder with a transitional wake at Re-D = 3900. The channel flow solutions were obtained using both an implicit LES (ILES) approach and a dynamic sub-grid scale model. The ILES method obtained virtually identical solutions at half the computational cost. The original vector and new parallel solvers produce indistinguishable mean flow solutions for the circular cylinder. Repeating the cylinder simulation on a much finer mesh resulted in significantly better agreement with experimental data in the near wake than the coarse grid solution and other previous numerical studies. C1 Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Morgan, P (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7474 J9 J SCI COMPUT JI J. Sci. Comput. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 29 IS 2 BP 165 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s10915-005-9011-6 PG 36 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 116LP UT WOS:000242804700001 ER PT J AU Garb, HN AF Garb, Howard N. TI The conjunction effect and clinical judgment SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FALLACY; PROBABILITY AB judgments made by clinicians may sometimes violate an axiom of probability theory, which dictates that neither the probability of event A, P(A) nor the probability of event 13, P(B), can be less than the probability of the conjunction of events A and B, P(A boolean AND B). In the following study, 40 psychologists and psychology interns estimated the probability of one of their clients obtaining (a) a particular result on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991), (b) a particular result on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989), and (c) the same specified results on both the PAI and MMPI-2. Violations of the conjunction rule occurred for 58% of the clinicians and were relatively large in size. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Psychol Res Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Garb, HN (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Psychol Res Serv, 59 MDOS MMCPR,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM howard.garb@lackland.af.mil NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0736-7236 J9 J SOC CLIN PSYCHOL JI J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1048 EP 1056 DI 10.1521/jscp.2006.25.9.1048 PG 9 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 111QF UT WOS:000242468100006 ER PT J AU Kimmel, RL Hayes, JR Menart, JA Shang, J AF Kimmel, Roger L. Hayes, James R. Menart, James A. Shang, Joseph TI Effect of magnetic fields on surface plasma discharges at Mach 5 SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 35th Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Longitudinal dc discharges were created between surface electrodes on a flat plate in a Mach 5 flow. Transverse magnetic fields were applied parallel to the plate surface and normal to the freestream velocity, creating Lorentz force vectors directed either into or out of the plate surface, depending on the sign of the current and magnetic field vectors. The magnitude of the magnetic field varied from 0 to 1 T, and the total current varied from 0.025 to 0.3 A. Surface pressures were measured at three locations between the electrodes. In the absence of any applied magnetic field, the discharge increases surface pressure through boundary-layer heating and subsequent viscous interaction. An applied magnetic field clearly affects the surface pressure. In general, a Lorentz force vector directed into the plate surface inhibited surface pressure increases, and a Lorentz force vector in the opposite direction had the opposite effect. Although this is consistent with a Lorentz force, joule heating in the boundary-layer fluid is a dominating effect in the flow. It is unclear how much of the observed magnetic field effect is due to a Lorentz force, and how much is due to modification of the joule heating by the magnetic field. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Kimmel, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1340 EP 1346 DI 10.2514/1.14247 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 122SS UT WOS:000243247700019 ER PT J AU O'Neil, RR Gibson, J Richards, E AF O'Neil, Robert R. Gibson, James Richards, Edward TI Midcourse Space Experiment: Off-axis rejection performance of the infrared sensor SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE-CONTAMINATED MIRRORS; 0.6328 MU-M; MSX SATELLITE; SCATTER; DUST AB The Spatial Infrared Imaging Telescope III (SPIRIT III) sensor on the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite observed stray radiation from the lower atmosphere and terrestrial surface, nonrejected Earth radiance, at angles of approximately 2 to 14 deg from the optical axis in measurements of Earth limb radiance. Analysis indicates that direct scatter of terrestrial radiance from contaminants on the telescope primary mirror is the principal source of stray radiation and the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the primary mirror for the 6.8-10.8-mu m radiometer band is (1.11 +/- 0.22) x 10(-2) per sr at 1 deg off axis with an angular dependence of theta(-1.71+/-0.07). Similarly, the BRDF values for the three other LWIR radiometer bands (11.1-13.2, 13.5-15.9, and 18.2-25.1 mu m) have been determined as (1.03 +/- 0.05) x 10(-2)theta(-1.66+/-0.10), (2.21 +/- 0.18) X 10(-2)theta(-2.04+/-0.21), and (2.59 +/- 0.02) x 10(-2) theta(-2.10+/-0.09) sr(-1), respectively. The BRDF values derived from the on-orbit data are significantly greater than prelaunch measurements, and, the increase is attributed to particulate accumulation on the primary mirror during the prelaunch period, launch, and the on-orbit telescope aperture cover removal and ejection process. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Battlesp Environm Div,Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP O'Neil, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Battlesp Environm Div,Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1347 EP 1358 DI 10.2514/1.19357 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 122SS UT WOS:000243247700020 ER PT J AU Bernstein, LS Braunstein, M Broadfoot, AL Dimpfl, WL Dressler, RA Chiu, YH Gardner, JA Murad, E AF Bernstein, Lawrence S. Braunstein, Matthew Broadfoot, A. Lyle Dimpfl, William L. Dressler, Rainer A. Chiu, Yu-hui Gardner, James A. Murad, Edmond TI Far-field spectral analysis of a space shuttle vernier reaction control system firing SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID THERMOSPHERIC MODEL; PREDISSOCIATION; ENVIRONMENT; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSION; PLUMES AB Near-UV OH(A-X) and NH(A-X) emission bands at similar to 3100 and 33601, respectively, have been observed in the far-field radiance from the shuttle vernier reaction control system engine exhaust using the GLO imager spectrograph located in the payload bay during the STS-74 mission. Spectra were collected at a resolution of 4 angstrom for daytime solar illumination conditions during low-Earth-orbit maneuvers. A temporal analysis (2 s temporal resolution) of spectral features is presented for an extended vernier reaction control system burn. The spectrum is dominated by the narrow NH(A-X) band. Both NH(A-X) and OH(A-X) features are shown to be proportional to the engine mass flow, and thus are produced by a single collision or solar-induced mechanism. Whereas a pure chemical mechanism, yet unknown, has been established for the NH(A-X) feature, the weaker OH(A-X) band is demonstrated to be primarily produced by the chemical reaction of atmospheric O with exhaust H2O, with minor solar-induced contributions. The high signal-to-noise ratio for both bands allowed a more precise determination of excited state rovibrational populations. compared with previous efforts. The present analysis is complemented,with direct simulation Monte Carlo calculations of the engine-exhaust flow field and proposed radiation excitation mechanisms for the NH(A-X) and OR(A-X) emissions. C1 Spectral Sci Inc, Comp Phys & Chem, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Bernstein, LS (reprint author), Spectral Sci Inc, Comp Phys & Chem, 4 4th Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1370 EP 1376 DI 10.2514/1.21252 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 122SS UT WOS:000243247700022 ER PT J AU Klages, C AF Klages, Curtis TI Repeated automated plasmapheresis in goats (Capra hircus): A clinically safe and long-term refinement to current antibody recovery techniques SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRODUCTS; MEDICINE AB Automated plasmapheresis is an optimal method of plasma collection because the donor is a part of a closed loop where whole blood is withdrawn and separated and packed cells are returned in a serial fashion until the desired amount of plasma is obtained. The typical approach to collection of antibody-rich plasma involves withdrawal of whole blood from vaccinated animals, yielding approximately 1000 ml plasma from each animal, which is euthanized after this process. In the present study, 32 goats (Capra hircus) were vaccinated and conditioned for restraint in a modified Panepinto sling. Each animal was monitored clinically, including complete and differential blood counts and serum chemistries 24 h before and 24 to 48 h after each procedure. A jugular vein was surgically prepped, a 16-gauge needle catheter was placed, and the animal was attached to an automated plasmapheresis machine. After plasma removal, return of the resuspended packed blood cells, and infusion of 500 ml 0.9% NaCl, the animal was disconnected from the machine, the catheter removed, and the animal returned to the barn. There were no clinically significant changes in either the complete blood counts or the clinical chemistries during the course of this study. These 32 animals produced 240,000 ml of immunoglobulin-rich plasma over the course of this project and more than 949,000 ml of plasma to date. This study identifies a refinement in current antibody-recovery techniques and potentially reduces the number of animals necessary to produce bioreagents on a long-term and continual basis. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Vet Serv Brach, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Klages, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Vet Serv Brach, Brooks City Base, TX USA. EM curtis.klages@us.army.mil NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 45 IS 6 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 105IY UT WOS:000242024800011 PM 17089992 ER PT J AU Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P Parthasarathy, TA Hay, RS Welter, J Kerans, RJ AF Boakye, E. E. Mogilevsky, P. Parthasarathy, T. A. Hay, R. S. Welter, J. Kerans, R. J. TI Monazite coatings on SiC fibers I: Fiber strength and thermal stability SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE FIBERS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SI-M-C-(O) TYRANNO FIBER; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HYSTERESIS MEASUREMENTS; CONSTITUENT PROPERTIES; ENGINE APPLICATIONS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS AB Commercially available SiC fibers were coated with monazite (LaPO4) using a continuous vertical coater at 1100 degrees C. Coated fibers were heat treated in dry air, argon, and laboratory air at 1200 degrees C for 1-20 h. The tensile strengths of uncoated and coated fibers were measured and evaluated before and after heat treatment. Fiber coating did not degrade SiC fiber strength, but heat treatment afterwards caused significant degradation that correlated with silica scale thickness. Possible strength degradation mechanisms for the coated fibers are discussed. Coating morphology, microstructure, and SiC oxidation were observed with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Monazite reacted with SiC to form lanthanum silicate (La2Si2O7) in argon, but was stable with SiC in air. Despite the large coefficient of thermal expansion difference between monazite and SiC, micron thick monazite coatings did not debond from most types of SiC fibers. Possible explanations for the thermomechanical stability of the monazite fiber coatings are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Randall.Hay@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 53 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 89 IS 11 BP 3475 EP 3480 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01288.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 096WX UT WOS:000241408600025 ER PT J AU Mogilevsky, P Boakye, EE Hay, RS Welter, J Kerans, RJ AF Mogilevsky, P. Boakye, E. E. Hay, R. S. Welter, J. Kerans, R. J. TI Monazite coatings on SiC fibers II: Oxidation protection SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITED SILICON-CARBIDE; THERMAL-OXIDATION; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SIO2/SI(001) INTERFACES; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; DOPANT REDISTRIBUTION; TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; IMPLANTED SILICON; ION-IMPLANTATION AB The effect of monazite on the oxidation of SiC was studied in laboratory and dry air. Monazite inhibited the oxidation of Tyranno-SA (TM), Tyranno-ZX (TM), Sylramic, and Hi-Nicalon SiC fibers. Oxidation of pure chemical vapor deposition SiC and undoped SiC single crystals was not inhibited by monazite. Dry oxidation of both uncoated and monazite-coated Tyranno-SA (TM) fibers initially displayed parabolic kinetics with an activation energy of 180-190 kJ/mol. Subsequently, the oxidation rate of monazite-coated fibers increased and the oxide-scale growth rate approached that of the uncoated fibers. No differences in the composition or structure of the silica oxidation product could be detected between uncoated and coated fibers using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Possible mechanisms of the inhibition of SiC oxidation by monazite are discussed. C1 UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mogilevsky, P (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. EM Pavel.Mogilevsky@wpafb.af.mil NR 90 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 89 IS 11 BP 3481 EP 3490 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01241.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 096WX UT WOS:000241408600026 ER PT J AU Bartoloni, JA Chao, SY Martin, GC Caron, GA AF Bartoloni, Joseph A. Chao, Susan Y. Martin, Gary C. Caron, Gerard A. TI Dental caries risk in the US air force SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE dental caries; caries risk assessment; military dentistry ID EMERGENCY RATES; EXPERIENCE; HEALTH; PREVALENCE; RECRUITS; BEHAVIOR; SMOKING; ADULTS AB Background. This study describes the dental caries risk in the. active duty U.S. Air Force population from October 2000 through September 2004. Methods. The authors used data collected from two Air Force databases (personnel and dental files) by cross-referencing Social Security numbers from both databases with date. Results. During the. study period, the percentages of people at high and moderate risk of developing caries decreased by 31 percent and 12 percent, respectively, while the percentages of people at low risk of developing caries increased by 9 percent. Among Air Force members who were enrolled continuously during the study period, the percentages at, high and moderate risk of developing caries decreased by 57 percent and 18 percent, respectively, while the percentage at low risk of developing caries increased by 14 percent. The authors observed improvement in caries-risk in 83 percent and 73 percent of the people at high and moderate caries risk, respectively, for those continuously enrolled. High canes risk was related inversely to age, rank, education and years in service. Also, tobacco users had an elevated risk of developing caries. Conclusions. The Air Force Dental Service has made great strides in improving the oral health of the Air Force population. The results of this, study suggest that caries risk is decreasing in the Air Force population, but oral health disparities still exist and require further evaluation. Clinical Implications. This investigation suggests that a caries risk assessment can be conducted successfully, and caries risk can be reduced by using a comprehensive population-based prevention program. This, caries risk assessment also can identify factors associated with dental caries disparities in a large-scale population. C1 US AF Dent Corp, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Populat Hlth Support Div, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Tricare Management Activ, Falls Church, VA USA. Off AF Surg Gen, Dent Policy & Operat, Bolling AFB, WA USA. RP Bartoloni, JA (reprint author), 1993 Waterstone Pkwy, Boerne, TX 78006 USA. EM bartoloni@gvtc.com NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 137 IS 11 BP 1582 EP 1591 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 108MY UT WOS:000242245100028 PM 17082285 ER PT J AU Matson, CL Haji, A AF Matson, Charles L. Haji, Alim TI Biased Cramer-Rao lower bound calculations for inequality-constrained estimators SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article AB Unbiased Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB) theory can be used to calculate lower bounds to the variances of unbiased estimates of a set of parameters given only the probability density function of a random vector conditioned on the true parameter values. However, when the estimated parameter values are required to satisfy inequality constraints such as positivity, the resulting estimator is typically biased. To calculate CRBs for biased estimates of the parameter values, an expression for the bias gradient matrix must also be known. Unfortunately, this expression often does not exist. Because expressions for biased CRBs are preferable to sample variance calculations, alternative methods for deriving biased CRB expressions associated with inequality constraints are needed. We present an alternative approach that is based upon creating the probability density function associated with a given biased estimate of these parameters using the available knowledge of the estimator properties. We apply this approach to the calculation of biased CRBs for estimators that use a positivity constraint with and without a support constraint for a specific measurement model and discuss the benefits and limitations of this approach. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2702 EP 2713 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.23.002702 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 097FH UT WOS:000241431900004 PM 17047695 ER PT J AU Yu, ZG Krishnamurthy, S Guha, S AF Yu, Z. G. Krishnamurthy, Srini Guha, Shekhar TI Photoexcited-carrier-induced refractive index change in small bandgap semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IN1-XGAXSB; ABSORPTION; DISPERSION; INSB; INAS AB Using accurate band structures of InAs, InSb, and two Hg1-xCdxTe alloys, we calculate the change in refractive index caused by the photoexcited electrons and holes. The effects of both free-carrier absorption (FCA) and one-photon absorption are considered. We find that the change in refractive index varies nonlinearly with the density of photoexcited carriers and that the generally neglected FCA contribution is significant in InAs, owing to its weak spin-orbit coupling. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Yu, ZG (reprint author), SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Yu, Z/B-5547-2009 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 23 IS 11 BP 2356 EP 2360 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.23.002356 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 134JK UT WOS:000244079100013 ER PT J AU Leininger, BE Rasmussen, TE Smith, DL Jenkins, DH Coppola, C AF Leininger, Brian E. Rasmussen, Todd E. Smith, David L. Jenkins, Donald H. Coppola, Christopher TI Experience with wound VAC and delayed primary closure of contaminated soft tissue injuries in Iraq SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 10-14, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Eastern Assoc Surg Trauma DE wound VAC; delayed primary closure; high-energy soft tissue injury; Iraq; war wounds; contaminated; contaminated wounds; wound management; military trauma ID ASSISTED CLOSURE; THERAPY AB Backgound: Wartime missile injuries are frequently high-energy wounds that devitalize and contaminate tissue, with high risk for infection and wound complications. Debridement, irrigation, and closure by secondary intention are fundamental principles for the management of these injuries. However, closure by secondary intention was impractical in Iraqi patients. Therefore, wounds were closed definitively before discharge in all Iraqi patients treated for such injures at our hospital. A novel wound management protocol was developed to facilitate this practice, and patient outcomes were tracked. This article describes that protocol and discusses the outcomes in a series of 88 wounds managed with it. Methods. High-energy injuries were treated with rapid aggressive debridement and pulsatile lavage, then covered with negative pressure (vacuum-assisted closure [VAC]) dressings. Patients underwent serial operative irrigation and debridement until wounds appeared clean to gross inspection, at which time they were closed primarily. Patient treatment and outcome data were recorded in a prospectively updated database. Results. Treatment and outcomes data from September 2004 through May 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 88 high-energy soft tissue wounds identified in 77 patients. Surprisingly, for this cohort of patients the wound infection rate was 0% and the overall wound complication rate was 0%. Conclusion: This series of 88 cases is the first report of the use of a negative pressure dressing (wound VAC) as part of the definitive management of high-energy soft tissue wounds in a deployed wartime environment. Our experience with these patients suggests that conventional wound management doctrine may be improved with the wound VAC, resulting in earlier more reliable primary closure of wartime injuries. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Leininger, BE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM brian.leininger@lackland.af.mil OI Coppola, Christopher/0000-0002-2683-4324 NR 10 TC 103 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD NOV PY 2006 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1207 EP 1211 DI 10.1097/01.ta.0000241150.15342.da PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 105TB UT WOS:000242054100030 PM 17099530 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, CM Clouse, WD Eliason, JL Gage, K Podberesky, DJ Bush, DM AF Fitzpatrick, Colleen M. Clouse, W. Darrin Eliason, Jonathan L. Gage, Kelly Podberesky, Daniel J. Bush, David M. TI Infrarenal aortic coarctation in a 15-year-old with claudication SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article AB A 15-year-old girl with a history of hypertension requiring left nephrectomy at age 10 presented with a 1-year history of progressive bilateral lower extremity claudication. Ankle-brachial indexes were 0.6, and pulses were absent. Renal function was normal. Computed tomographic angiography showed a complete absence of the infrarenal aorta, with collateral flow via bilateral internal mammary arteries reconstituting normal iliofemoral systems via the epigastric arteries, referred to as the Winslow pathway (cover image).(1) The right renal artery appeared normal. Aortography demonstrated similar anatomy (A). Operative findings included severe infrarenal aortic (B, blue loop) and common iliac artery (C, arrow) hypoplasia. The right renal (B, red loop), superior mesenteric, and lumbar arteries were widely patent. A 14 x 7-mm bifurcated polytetrafluoroethylene graft was interposed between the aortic stump and the iliac bifurcations. The patient's claudication resolved, pulses became palpable, and ankle-brachial indices measured 1.0. Coarctation of the abdominal aorta is a rare entity of unknown etiology. Proposed mechanisms include anomalous development, infection, obliterative panarteritis, and fibromuscular dysplasia. Pathology usually reveals intimal fibroplasia. Patients typically present between the first and third decades of life with uncontrolled hypertension secondary to renal artery stenosis.(2) Claudication is less common and is seen in cases of infrarenal hypoplasia. The visceral arteries are involved in more than 20% of cases, but mesenteric ischemia is rare because of collateral formation. Physical examination reveals thoracoabdominal bruit and diminished lower extremity pulses. Arteriography aids in defining the location and extent of disease. Four types of aortic coarctation have been described: type I, suprarenal coarcration and renal artery stenosis; type II, infirarenal coarctation and renal artery stenosis; type III, suprarenal coarctation and normal renal arteries; and type IV, infrarenal coarctation and normal renal arteries. For types I to III, surgical intervention is aimed at improving renal blood flow and preserving renal function. Repair may include thoracoabdominal aortic bypass, anatomic aortic reconstruction (graffing or patch angioplasty), renovisceral bypass, or renal autotransplantation. Surgical intervention for type IV coarctation is indicated in cases of severe claudication and consists of aortic reconstruction.(3) Regardless of the anatomic variant, surgical intervention is required to alleviate uncontrolled hypertension and symptoms of claudication. Untreated patients experience premature death secondary to the morbid sequelae of uncontrolled hypertension. Long-term follow-up (in excess of 20 years) demonstrates reconstructive success, symptom relief, and normal quality of life.(4) C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Pediat Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, CM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1117 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.07.044 PG 1 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 101BQ UT WOS:000241714300046 PM 17098554 ER PT J AU Sara, RPA Erhard, RE Childs, JD Browder, DA AF Piva, Sara R. Erhard, Richard E. Childs, John D. Browder, David A. TI Inter-tester reliability of passive intervertebral and active movements of the cervical spine SO MANUAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE consistency; measurement; neck pain; repeated measures study ID NECK DISABILITY INDEX; INTEREXAMINER RELIABILITY; PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; MOTION ASSESSMENT; RANGE; DEVICE; ERROR AB Measurements of active range of motion (AROM) and passive intervertebral movements (PIM) of the cervical spine are frequently used for patients with neck pain. However, there is a paucity of studies that investigate the psychometric properties of these measurements. Objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the inter-tester reliability of PIM, AROM, and the effects of AROM on symptom provocation; (2) establish the minimal detectable change (MDC) in cervical AROM; and (3) determine the association between AROM and disability. Thirty subjects (age 41 + 12) with neck pain participated in this study. Two masked examiners performed the measurements during the same testing session. PIM was assessed manually and recorded as hypomobile or normal. AROM was measured in degrees with a gravity goniometer. The effect of AROM on patient's symptoms was recorded as no change, decreased, increased, centralization, or peripheralization. Measures of AROM had moderate to substantial reliability (.78-.91) and resulted in a MDC adequate for clinical use (from 9 degrees to 16 degrees). The effect of AROM on symptom provocation resulted in Kappa values that ranged from slight to substantial (.25-87). Measures of PIM resulted in substantial and moderate reliability of assessing occipital-atlas mobility, tenderness of the transverse processes of atlas, and symptom provocation during PIM testing of the lower cervical segments. Fair Kappa values were observed during judgment of mobility in the C2 segment and symptom reproduction during PIM of C2 and C5. The additional PIM had Kappa values that ranged from none to slight. Low prevalence of positive findings likely resulted in an artificial deflation of the Kappa statistic during some PIM measures. Measures of AROM in saggital and transverse planes were associated with disability scores (r =.43 and.40, respectively). Findings are relevant to the planning of future studies to establish the criterion validity of these tests to guide the selection of interventions and establish prognosis in patients with neck pain. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Hlth Syst Spine Specialty Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Sara, RPA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM srpst24@pitt.edu NR 43 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1356-689X J9 MANUAL THER JI Man. Ther. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 11 IS 4 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.math.2005.09.001 PG 10 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 115FV UT WOS:000242721100011 PM 16837235 ER PT J AU Voevodin, N Buhrmaster, D Balbyshev, V Khramov, A Johnson, J Mantz, R AF Voevodin, N. Buhrmaster, D. Balbyshev, V. Khramov, A. Johnson, J. Mantz, R. TI Nonchromated coating systems for corrosion protection of aircraft aluminum alloys SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Air Force requires the development of an environmentally compliant, chromate-free aircraft coating system that meets or exceeds current corrosion protection capabilities. A number of nonchromated pretreatments and primers have been independently developed over the past years. This report compares the corrosion resistance performance of selected fully nonchromate systems to the standard chromate-containing coating system. The data identified two nonchromated systems that performed comparably to the standard chromated aircraft coating system. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Voevodin, N (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 45 IS 11 BP 48 EP 51 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 102HR UT WOS:000241802100023 ER PT J AU Wells, TS Wang, LZ Spooner, CN Smith, TC Hiliopoulos, KM Kamens, DR Gray, GC Sato, PA AF Wells, Timothy S. Wang, Linda Z. Spooner, Christina N. Smith, Tyler C. Hiliopoulos, Katia M. Kamens, Deborah R. Gray, Gregory C. Sato, Paul A. TI Self-reported reproductive outcomes among male and female 1991 Gulf War era US military veterans SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Gulf War; reproductive outcomes; birth weight; military ID POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; BIRTH-DEFECTS; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; UK VETERANS; VIETNAM VETERANS; HEALTH-STATUS; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; ILLNESS AB Background: Following the 1991 Gulf War, some veterans expressed concerns regarding their reproductive health. Our objective was to assess whether an association exists between deployment to the 1991 Gulf War and self-reported adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Using a modified Dillman technique with telephone follow-up, we conducted a survey via a postal questionnaire from February 1996-August 1997 to compare selected reproductive outcomes among 10,000 US veterans deployed to the 1991 Gulf War with those of 10,000 nondeployed Gulf War era veterans. Results: A total of 8742 individuals responded to the survey, a response rate of 51 percent. Using multivariable analyses, results showed no differences in number of reported pregnancies between Gulf War veterans and nondeployed veterans. Among 2233 female and 2159 male participants, there were no differences in birth weight of infants born to Gulf War veterans compared with nondeployed Gulf War era veterans. In multivariable models, male and female Gulf War veterans did not significantly differ in risk for ectopic pregnancies, stillbirths, or miscarriages when compared with nondeployed veterans of the same era. Conclusions: These results do not suggest an association between service in the 1991 Gulf War and adverse reproductive outcomes for both male and female veterans during the 4 years after the war. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. PRA Int Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wells, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bldg 824,Rm 206,2800 Q St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.Wells@wpafb.af.mil NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 501 EP 510 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0122-y PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 120UU UT WOS:000243112500005 PM 16832610 ER PT J AU Higgins, MJ Lacy, TJ AF Higgins, Michael J. Lacy, Timothy J. TI The role of psychiatry in US Air Force primary care: Research-based models for clinical consultation and education SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE; FAMILY-PRACTICE RESIDENTS; GENERAL-PRACTITIONERS; TEACHING PSYCHIATRY; MANAGED CARE; CONTINUING-EDUCATION; LIAISON PSYCHIATRY; PHYSICIANS; DEPRESSION; DISORDERS AB The integration of mental health treatment with primary care is a U.S. Air Force priority. Unfortunately, manning shortages limit the utility of psychiatry in existing Air Force health care models. In this study, we present efficient and data-driven models for psychiatric involvement with primary care. These models include the use of psychiatrists as clinical consultants and primary care educators. Certain factors are required to implement these models including command support for locating psychiatrists within primary care, data-driven educational approaches, collaborative clinical care, and administrative support. C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium Combined Residency Progra, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Higgins, MJ (reprint author), Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium Combined Residency Progra, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 84 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 171 IS 11 BP 1117 EP 1122 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 105HJ UT WOS:000242020700019 PM 17153553 ER PT J AU Rowan, AB Campise, RL AF Rowan, Anderson B. Campise, Rick L. TI A multisite study of Air Force outpatient behavioral health treatment-seeking patterns and career impact SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID REFERRAL PATTERNS; MENTAL ILLNESS; MILITARY; DISORDERS; PERSONNEL; MEMBERS AB This study examined 1,068 cases of active duty Air Force service members seen in eight Air Force outpatient mental health clinics during a 1-year period. Age, gender, rank, marital status, special duty status, diagnostic category, treatment completion, and recommendations to the member's unit were examined across referral sources (i.e., self-referred, supervisor-referred, or commander-directed). Results showed significant differences across all variables, with self-referred members being more likely to be older, single, higher ranking, and without special duty status, as well as to have a less significant aids I diagnosis. Self-refer-red members were less likely to have confidentiality broken and to have career-affecting recommendations made. The implications of these findings, in terms of targeting interventions to increase self-initiated help-seeking behavior, and recommendations for future research are discussed. C1 USAF, Med Support Agcy, Off Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Rowan, AB (reprint author), 30 Med Operat Squadron, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 171 IS 11 BP 1123 EP 1127 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 105HJ UT WOS:000242020700020 PM 17153554 ER PT J AU Sherman, NP Kharoufeh, JP AF Sherman, Nathan P. Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P. TI An M/M/1 retrial queue with unreliable server SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE retrial queue; breakdowns; stochastic decomposition ID STARTING FAILURES; BREAKDOWNS; VACATIONS; SUBJECT AB We analyze an unreliable M/M/1 retrial queue with infinite-capacity orbit and normal queue. Retrial customers do not rejoin the normal queue but repeatedly attempt to access the server at i.i.d. intervals until it is found functioning and idle. We provide stability conditions as well as several stochastic decomposability results. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENS,Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kharoufeh, JP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT, ENS,Dept Operat Sci, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Nathan.Sherman@afit.edu; jeffrey.kharoufeh@afit.edu NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 697 EP 705 DI 10.1016/j.orl.2005.11.003 PG 9 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 082FU UT WOS:000240372900013 ER PT J AU MacDonald, A Cain, SC AF MacDonald, Adam Cain, Stephen C. TI Parameterized blind deconvolution of laser radar imagery using an anisoplanatic optical transfer function SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE anisoplanatic OTF; laser radar; parameterized blind deconvolution; image restoration; MAP estimation; seeing condition monitor; LADAR; LIDAR AB Gated laser radar imaging systems hold unique promise for long-distance remote sensing applications. Short-exposure speckle imagery from wide field-of-view (FOV) systems may be used to jointly estimate maximum likelihood estimates of the remote scene together with the atmospheric seeing condition parameterized by Fried's parameter. Previous research has indicated that employment of the short-exposure optical transfer function (OTF) within the deconvolution algorithm yields slightly pessimistic estimates of Fried's parameter. It was postulated that the short-exposure OTF included excessive high spatial frequency components when applied to wide FOV systems, yielding seeing condition estimates of the imaging scenario that were slightly lower than if the atmospheric conditions admitted an anisoplanatic system imaging model. To better estimate Fried's parameter, an anisoplanatic OTF (AOTF) was developed using a tilt-only phase correlation approximation. This AOTF was used together with the short-exposure OTF within the MAP algorithm, and estimated seeing conditions were compared for both simulated and experimental wide FOV scenarios. It was found that the additional anisoplanatic blur components modeled by the AOTF increased the accuracy of the estimation of Fried's parameter from 5% to within 2% using simulated imagery, and from 8.6% to within 2.9% using experimentally collected image data. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP MacDonald, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.macdonald@afit.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 45 IS 11 AR 116001 DI 10.1117/1.2393021 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 112LP UT WOS:000242527700029 ER PT J AU Burkhead, SK Michaelson, PG Mair, EA AF Burkhead, Steven K. Michaelson, Peter G. Mair, Eric A. TI Avian flu: What the otolaryngologist needs to know SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Review ID INFLUENZA-A H5N1; HUMAN-DISEASE; BIRD FLU; VIRUS; OUTBREAK C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Burkhead, SK (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM steven.burkhead@lackland.af.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 135 IS 5 BP 663 EP 670 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.05.019 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 103ZP UT WOS:000241926000001 PM 17071290 ER PT J AU Fadare, O AF Fadare, Oluwole TI Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast composed almost entirely of signet ring cells SO PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE breast; pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ; signet ring cells ID INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; VARIANT AB Some examples of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) may be composed in part of signet ring cells. Such proliferations have been considered examples of pleomorphic LCIS based on pathological features of the more conventional component. However, the occurrence of LCIS composed entirely of signet ring cells is extraordinarily rare. This report describes an example of an in situ proliferation that was composed almost entirely (> 95%) of signet ring cells, which was unassociated with an invasive carcinoma and which showed comedo-type necrosis. There was only focal lobulocentric distention by lesional cells, as is typical of classic LCIS. However, discrete, ductal-type cross-sectional profiles showed a purely intraepithelial proliferation of remarkably discohesive signet ring cells. The signet ring cells had intermediate-grade nuclear atypia, no significant mitotic activity and were positive for mucicarmine and PAS stains (the latter with and without diastase predigestion). The cells displayed marked immunoreactivity for high-molecular-weight keratin (stained by 34 beta E12 antibody), MUC1, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, cytokeratin 7 and were negative for cytokeratin 20, E-cadherin, progesterone receptor and HER2/neu. It is concluded that this is an example of a purely signet ring variant of pleomorphic LCIS. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, MTLP, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, MTLP, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1320-5463 J9 PATHOL INT JI Pathol. Int. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 56 IS 11 BP 683 EP 687 DI 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2006.02030.x PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 093SU UT WOS:000241190100007 PM 17040292 ER PT J AU Ahmed, AA Nava, VE Pham, T Taubenberger, JK Lichy, JH Sorbara, L Raffeld, M Mackall, CL Tsokos, M AF Ahmed, Atif A. Nava, Victor E. Pham, Thu Taubenberger, Jeffery K. Lichy, Jack H. Sorbara, Lynn Raffeld, Mark Mackall, Crystal L. Tsokos, Maria TI Ewing sarcoma family of tumors in unusual sites: Confirmation by RT-PCR SO PEDIATRIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adrenal glands; Ewing sarcoma; palate; reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction ID PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ROUND-CELL TUMORS; DIFFERENTIATED SYNOVIAL SARCOMA; PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TISSUES; ADRENAL-GLAND; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; FUSION TRANSCRIPTS AB Ewing sarcoma family tumors originating in the palate or adrenal gland are extremely rare and may cause difficulty in diagnosis. More common tumors primary to these sites need to be excluded before one arrives at the correct diagnosis. We have recently diagnosed 2 such cases. The Ist case was that of a 24-year-old woman who presented with a swelling in the right side of the hard palate. The 2nd case was diagnosed in a 28-year-old woman who presented with a mass in the right adrenal gland. In both cases, the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma family of tumors was confirmed by immunohistochemical studies and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The hard palate case is the I st and the adrenal gland the 3rd case of Ewing sarcoma family of tumors arising in these sites, in which the diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR and/or cytogenetics. Accurate diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma family of tumors is crucial for the management of patients, and when found in such rare locations, diagnosis should be supported by immunohistochemical and/or molecular genetic studies. C1 NCI, Pathol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NCI, Pediat Oncol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Tsokos, M (reprint author), NCI, Pathol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mtsokos@mail.nih.gov OI Ahmed, Atif/0000-0002-8791-5785 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1093-5266 J9 PEDIATR DEVEL PATHOL JI Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 9 IS 6 BP 488 EP 495 DI 10.2350/06-01-0007.1 PG 8 WC Pathology; Pediatrics SC Pathology; Pediatrics GA 197ZN UT WOS:000248596200009 PM 17163788 ER PT J AU McAdams, RM Simone, S Grant, G DiGeronimo, RJ AF McAdams, Ryan M. Simone, Susannah Grant, Gerald DiGeronimo, Robert J. TI Ventricular peritoneal shunt infection resulting from group B streptococcus SO PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ventricular peritoneal shunt infection; group B streptococcus ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID SHUNTS; RISK-FACTORS; EXPERIENCE AB Objective: To report, to our knowledge, the first case of a ventricular peritoneal shunt infection by group B streptococcus occurring in infancy. Design: Descriptive case report. Setting: Neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary referral military hospital. Patient: A 3-month-old, former preterm infant with a case of postoperative ventricular peritoneal shunt infection by group B streptococcus occurring in infancy. Interventions. The infant's shunt infection was treated with a prolonged course of antibiotics, shunt removal, and eventual shunt replacement. He developed a persistently enlarging third ventricular region cyst, which ultimately required endoscopic surgical fenestration. Measurements and Main Results: Currently, at 25 months of age, the patient has some moderate developmental delays but is otherwise healthy and making progress with no evidence of any recurrent infection. Conclusions: Group B streptococcus should be considered as a potential pathogen in ventricular peritoneal shunt infections in infants even outside of the immediate neonatal period. Providers caring for infants should be especially cognizant of the potential risk for nosocomial infections in former premature neonates, especially following high-risk surgical procedures. Prompt recognition of ventricular peritoneal shunt infections and management to include early shunt removal and appropriate antibiotic coverage are recommended in an effort to optimize outcome. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP McAdams, RM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1529-7535 J9 PEDIATR CRIT CARE ME JI Pediatr. Crit. Care Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 7 IS 6 BP 586 EP 588 DI 10.1097/01.PCC.0000244408.18159.82 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Pediatrics SC General & Internal Medicine; Pediatrics GA 103HY UT WOS:000241877500013 PM 17006384 ER PT J AU Wysmolek, A Stepniewski, R Potemski, M Chwalisz-Pietka, B Pakula, K Baranowski, JM Look, DC Park, SS Lee, KY AF Wysmolek, A. Stepniewski, R. Potemski, M. Chwalisz-Pietka, B. Pakula, K. Baranowski, J. M. Look, D. C. Park, S. S. Lee, K. Y. TI Magnetopolaron effect on shallow donors in GaN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HOMOEPITAXIAL GAN; MAGNETIC-FIELD; QUANTUM-WELLS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; BOUND EXCITONS; HYDROGEN-ATOM; ENERGY-LEVELS; PHONON; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; POLARONS AB Resonant interaction between longitudinal-optic (LO) phonons and electrons bound on shallow donors in GaN is studied using magnetoluminescence of neutral-donor bound excitons ((DX)-X-0). The experiments were performed on high-quality freestanding GaN material and heteroepitaxial GaN layers grown on sapphire. In addition to the principal recombination channel of (DX)-X-0, in which donors are left in their ground states, two-electron satellites (TES) involving different excited donor excitations, as well as replicas of the principal (DX)-X-0 transition due to LO phonons, were observed for the oxygen and silicon donors. In order to separate transitions involving ground and excited (DX)-X-0 states, variable-temperature experiments were performed. The application of high magnetic fields allows tuning of the donor excitations into resonance with the LO phonon energy. This results in a strong enhancement of TES intensity and the appearance of several anticrossing processes in the vicinity of a LO phonon replica of the principal (DX)-X-0 transition. The observed behavior is explained in terms of a resonant interaction between LO phonons and donor-bound electrons (magnetopolaron effect). The experimental data are described using a phenomenological model that combines the theory of a hydrogen atom in a magnetic field with a model which includes the effects of nonparabolicity, nonresonant polaron corrections, and the resonant magnetopolaron effect on electrons bound to donors. It was found that the interaction in the resonant magnetopolaron regime is stronger for the oxygen than for the silicon donor. C1 Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. CNRS, Grenoble High Magnet Fields Lab, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. MPI, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon, South Korea. RP Wysmolek, A (reprint author), Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. OI Pietka, Barbara/0000-0003-1771-2963 NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2006 VL 74 IS 19 AR 195205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.195205 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110VK UT WOS:000242409200072 ER PT J AU Jasperse, JR Basu, B Lund, EJ Bouhram, M AF Jasperse, John R. Basu, Bamandas Lund, Eric J. Bouhram, Mehdi TI Gyrotropic guiding-center fluid theory for the turbulent heating of magnetospheric ions in downward Birkeland current regions. II SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PARALLEL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; WAVES; PLASMA; BEAMS; ACCELERATION; TEMPERATURE; IONOSPHERE; CONICS AB A new fluid theory in the guiding-center and gyrotropic approximation derivable from the ensemble-averaged Vlasov-Maxwell equations that included the effect of wave-particle interactions for weakly turbulent, weakly inhomogeneous, nonuniformly magnetized plasma was recently given by Jasperse, Basu, Lund, and Bouhram [Phys. Plasmas 13, 072903 (2006)]. In that theory, the particles are transported in one spatial dimension (the distance s along the magnetic field) but the turbulence is two-dimensional. In this paper, which is intended as a sequel, the above theory is used for quasisteady conditions to find: (1) a new formula for the perpendicular ion-heating rate per unit volume W-i perpendicular to(s), where W-i perpendicular to(s) decreases for large s by what we call the "finite ion gyroradius effect"; and (2) a new formula for the perpendicular ion temperature at low altitudes, T-i perpendicular to(s). Parametrized calculations for T-i perpendicular to(s) are also given. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. CETP, CNRS, F-94107 St Maur, France. RP Jasperse, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Lund, Eric/0000-0003-1312-9375 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2006 VL 13 IS 11 AR 112902 DI 10.1063/1.2364475 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 110VD UT WOS:000242408500037 ER PT J AU Singh, KP Roy, S Gaitonde, DV AF Singh, K. P. Roy, Subrata Gaitonde, Datta V. TI Study of control parameters for separation mitigation using an asymmetric single dielectric barrier plasma actuator SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMIC FLOW ACCELERATION; DISCHARGE; PRESSURE; AIR AB Separation mitigation using asymmetric dielectric barrier discharges is studied by considering the neutral gas flow past a flat plate at an angle of attack. A self-consistent plasma actuator model is employed to couple the electric force field to the momentum of the neutral gas. The equations governing the motion of electrons, ions and neutrals are solved with Poisson's equation to study effective control of flow separation. The impact of select parameters such as amplitude of the excitation, dielectric constants, the initial ionization level and the electrode shape is elucidated. It is found that the dielectric surface just downstream of the exposed electrode becomes negatively charged during part of the cycle for the chosen work parameters and a time averaged force acts on the plasma predominantly downstream, with a transverse component towards the wall. The momentum of the plasma couples to neutral gas through collisions, which results in the enhancement of near-wall momentum yielding a wall-jet feature that effectively eliminates the separation bubble. C1 Kettering Univ, Computat Plasma Dynam Lab, Flint, MI 48504 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, KP (reprint author), Kettering Univ, Computat Plasma Dynam Lab, Flint, MI 48504 USA. EM ksingh@kettering.edu RI Roy, Subrata/A-7493-2009 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/15/4/018 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 113DF UT WOS:000242577300023 ER PT J AU Redfield, RC AF Redfield, R. C. TI Bond graphs of open systems: a water rocket example SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART I-JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bond graphs; open systems; dynamics; modelling; simulation AB A model of a small-scale water rocket is developed as an example of open-system modelling by both a bond graph approach and a more classical method. In addition to the formulation and bond graph development, a goal of the research is to determine the benefits of the bond graph approach into affording an insight into the system dynamics. Both modelling approaches yield equivalent differential equations, as they should, while the bond graph approach yields significantly more insight into the system dynamics. If a modelling goal is to simply find the system equations and predict behaviour, the classical approach may be more expeditious. If insight and ease of model modification are desired, the bond graph technique is probably the better choice. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. RP Redfield, RC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. EM rob.redfield@usafa.af.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0959-6518 J9 P I MECH ENG I-J SYS JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part I-J Syst Control Eng. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 220 IS I7 BP 607 EP 615 DI 10.1243/09596518JSCE178 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 114BQ UT WOS:000242642100008 ER PT J AU Boyle, SH Michalek, JE Suarez, EC AF Boyle, Stephen H. Michalek, Joel E. Suarez, Edward C. TI Covariation of psychological attributes and incident coronary heart disease in US Air Force veterans of the Vietnam war SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE anger; hostility; depression; anxiety; coronary heart disease; men ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MMPI-2 CONTENT SCALES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; RISK-FACTORS; ARTERY-DISEASE; PSYCHOSOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS; PLASMA INTERLEUKIN-6; BLOOD MONOCYTES AB Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the prospective associations of hostility, anger, depression, and anxiety, alone and in combination, to incident coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: Subjects were 2105 men who participated in the Air Force Health Study, a 20-year study designed to evaluate the effects of herbicide exposure on various health outcomes in Air Force veterans of Operation Ranch Hand. Psychological attributes were assessed in 1985 using scales constructed from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Participants were followed for an average of 15 years for evidence of ischemic heart disease (International Classification of Diseases codes 410-414, 428.4, or 36). The relation between psychological attributes and CHD was examined with Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Adjusting for CHD risk factors, depression, anxiety, hostility, and trait anger were significant predictors of incident CHD. In addition, a factor analytically derived psychological risk factor composite score was the strongest predictor of CHD. Conclusions: These results suggest that the covariation of hostility, anger, depression, and anxiety accounts for the increased risk of CHD associated with each individual factor. The results of this study challenge the conventional approach of examining these psychological attributes in isolation. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Boyle, SH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, POB 3328, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM boyle020@mc.duke.edu; suare001@mc.duke.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL67459] NR 67 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 68 IS 6 BP 844 EP 850 DI 10.1097/01.psy.0000240779.55022.ff PG 7 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 108SK UT WOS:000242259300005 PM 17079707 ER PT J AU Demidov, VI DeJoseph, CA AF Demidov, V. I. DeJoseph, C. A., Jr. TI Analytical Penning ionization electron spectra and self-trapping of fast electrons SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AFTERGLOW PLASMA; SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMS AB It is pointed out that self-trapping of fast electrons can distort measurements of gas species in Penning ionization electron spectra. This effect should be taken into account for the development of gas chromatography detectors based on this methodology. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Demidov, VI (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 77 IS 11 AR 116104 DI 10.1063/1.2370500 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 110VE UT WOS:000242408600042 ER PT J AU Arzola, J Baughman, SM Hernandez, J Bishoff, JT AF Arzola, Jorge Baughman, Steven M. Hernandez, Javier Bishoff, Jay T. TI Computed tomography-guided, resistance-based, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of renal malignancies under conscious sedation at two years of follow-up SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIO-FREQUENCY ABLATION; INITIAL-EXPERIENCE; CELL CARCINOMA; TUMORS; SUCCESS AB Objectives. To evaluate the use of computed tomography-guided, resistance-based, percutaneous radio-frequency ablation of renal malignancies using conscious sedation. Methods. Twenty-three patients with a mean age of 74 years underwent 27 PRFA treatments, using only conscious sedation, for enhancing renal masses, with a mean renal mass of 2.69 cm. All patients had multiple medical comorbidities that precluded standard operative management. Patients were followed up postoperatively at 3-month intervals with renal function studies and enhanced imaging.. Successful ablation was defined as a lack of enhancement or resolution of the renal mass. Results. Of the 23 patients, 16 (80%) had successful ablation with a single treatment, 4 had initial failure, and 3 were lost to follow-up. Of the 4 patients with initial failure, 2 underwent reablation successfully, 1 patient elected watchful waiting, and 1 patient died of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The overall cancer-free survival rate was 90% (18 of 20 patients) at a mean follow-up of 24 months. The exclusion of 2 patients who underwent four sessions for renal masses greater than 4 cm improved the survival rate to 94% (17 of 18). No statistically significant difference was found between the preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine levels (P = 0.46), even in the patients with a preoperative creatinine level greater than 1.5 (P = 0.51). Our only complication was a single perinephric hematoma that resolved spontaneously. Conclusions. We have demonstrated promising oncologic results for computed tomography-guided percutaneous radio-frequency ablation of tumors in select patients with small renal masses. The procedure was well tolerated under conscious sedation. None of the patients demonstrated significant changes in renal function. C1 USAF, MC, FS, Dept Urol,Wilford Hall Med Ctr,Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Arzola, J (reprint author), USAF, MC, FS, Dept Urol,Wilford Hall Med Ctr,Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM jorge.arzola@lackland.af.mil NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD NOV PY 2006 VL 68 IS 5 BP 983 EP 987 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2006.06.014 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 113IV UT WOS:000242592500014 PM 17095059 ER PT J AU Burga, AM Fadare, O Lininger, RA Tavassoli, FA AF Burga, Ana M. Fadare, Oluwole Lininger, Ruth A. Tavassoli, Fattaneh A. TI Invasive carcinomas of the male breast: a morphologic study of the distribution of histologic subtypes and metastatic patterns in 778 cases SO VIRCHOWS ARCHIV LA English DT Article DE male; breast; carcinoma; papillary; cancer ID PROGNOSTIC-FACTORS; CANCER; MEN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; EXPRESSION AB The current investigation was conducted to evaluate the proportional distribution of the various histologic subtypes (including newly recognized variants) of male breast carcinomas, to determine whether any histologic subtypes occur with a frequency that is markedly discordant with the expected frequencies from published data on parallel female breast tumors. We also aimed to document the distribution of malignancies metastatic to the breast. Seven hundred fifty-nine archived cases of primary invasive carcinoma involving the male breast were retrieved and subcategorized into histologic subtypes according to contemporary criteria. Six hundred forty-three (84.7%) tumors were pure infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) not otherwise specified. The most common of the remainder included papillary carcinoma with invasion in the form of IDC (n=34), mixed IDC and mucinous carcinoma (n=26), and pure mucinous carcinoma (n=21). In 19 cases, metastases from other sites involved the breast, most commonly (58%) cutaneous melanoma. Invasive carcinoma of the male breast appears to display a morphologic spectrum and distribution of histologic subtypes that is comparable to those of the female breast, with some expected variation. Compared with published experience on their female counterparts, there is a two-fold increase in the frequency of invasive papillary carcinoma in the male breast. Finally, the most common tumor metastatic to the male breast in this series was cutaneous melanoma. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Englewood Hosp, Dept Pathol, Englewood, CO USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Gynecol & Breast Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 28 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0945-6317 J9 VIRCHOWS ARCH JI Virchows Arch. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 449 IS 5 BP 507 EP 512 DI 10.1007/s00428-006-0305-3 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 103RO UT WOS:000241904600002 PM 17058095 ER PT J AU Heckman, EM Grote, JG Hopkins, FK Yaney, PP AF Heckman, Emily M. Grote, James G. Hopkins, F. Kenneth Yaney, Perry P. TI Performance of an electro-optic waveguide modulator fabricated using a deoxyribonucleic-acid-based biopolymer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-MATERIALS; DNA; POLYMERS; DEVICES; COMPLEX; FILMS AB An electro-optic (EO) planar waveguide modulator using a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based biopolymer for both the waveguide core and cladding layers has been fabricated and its performance evaluated. A cross-linked DNA-surfactant biopolymer was used for the top and bottom cladding layers and the core layer was a cross-linked DNA-surfactant biopolymer with 3 wt % Disperse Red 1. The EO coefficient r(33) was induced through contact poling. The fabricated device was found to exhibit EO modulating behavior. Using an estimated value of r(33)=0.5 pm/V, a sine-squared fit to the modulating data was obtained with V-pi=263 V +/- 10%. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Heckman, EM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM emily.heckman@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 18 AR 181116 DI 10.1063/1.2378400 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 101RG UT WOS:000241757500016 ER PT J AU Walker, DE Fitch, RC Gillespie, JK Jessen, GH Cassity, PD Breedlove, JR Brillson, LJ AF Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Fitch, Robert C., Jr. Gillespie, James K. Jessen, Gregg H. Cassity, Paul D. Breedlove, Joseph R. Brillson, Leonard J. TI Controlled gate surface processing of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEFECTS; LUMINESCENCE; GAN AB The authors have used ultrahigh vacuum surface science techniques combined with gate mask fabrication and processing to demonstrate improvements in the unity gain cutoff frequency response f(T) of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors compared to standard processing. In situ annealing, nitrogen ion sputtering and annealing, and Ga reflux plus annealing all displayed increased f(T) response on average. In situ depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy of the AlGaN/GaN interface region reveals changes in GaN near-band edge, 2.2 eV, and 2.9 eV native defect emissions consistent with the average device performance between process steps and between devices with the same treatment on the same wafer. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Drese Lab 205, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Walker, DE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Drese Lab 205, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM walker.591@osu.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 18 AR 183523 DI 10.1063/1.2378559 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 101RG UT WOS:000241757500140 ER PT J AU Weeks, DE Niday, TA Yang, SH AF Weeks, David E. Niday, Thomas A. Yang, Sang H. TI Inelastic scattering matrix elements for the nonadiabatic collision B(P-2(1/2))+H-2((1)Sigma(+)(g),j)<-> B(P-2(3/2))+H-2((1)Sigma(+)(g),j ') SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; TIME-DEPENDENT FORMULATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; B(2S2P(2 2)D)-H-2 COMPLEX; ACCURATE QUANTUM DYNAMICS; INTEGRAL CROSS-SECTIONS; PARTIAL-WAVE PARAMETER; ZHU-NAKAMURA THEORY; DER-WAALS MOLECULE; MR-CI LEVEL AB Inelastic scattering matrix elements for the nonadiabatic collision B(P-2(1/2))+H-2((1)Sigma(+)(g),j)<-> B(P-2(3/2))+H-2((1)Sigma(+)(g),j(')) are calculated using the time dependent channel packet method (CPM). The calculation employs 1 (2)A('), 2 (2)A('), and 1 (2)A(') adiabatic electronic potential energy surfaces determined by numerical computation at the multireference configuration-interaction level [M. H. Alexander, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 6041 (1993)]. The 1 (2)A(') and 2 (2)A('), adiabatic electronic potential energy surfaces are transformed to yield diabatic electronic potential energy surfaces that, when combined with the total B+H-2 rotational kinetic energy, yield a set of effective potential energy surfaces [M. H. Alexander , J. Chem. Phys. 103, 7956 (1995)]. Within the framework of the CPM, the number of effective potential energy surfaces used for the scattering matrix calculation is then determined by the size of the angular momentum basis used as a representation. Twenty basis vectors are employed for these calculations, and the corresponding effective potential energy surfaces are identified in the asymptotic limit by the H-2 rotor quantum numbers j=0, 2, 4, 6 and B electronic states P-2(ja), j(a)=1/2, 3/2. Scattering matrix elements are obtained from the Fourier transform of the correlation function between channel packets evolving in time on these effective potential energy surfaces. For these calculations the H-2 bond length is constrained to a constant value of r(eq)=1.402 a.u. and state to state scattering matrix elements corresponding to a total angular momentum of J=1/2 are discussed for j=0 <-> j(')=0,2,4 and P-2(1/2)<-> P-2(1/2), P-2(3/2) over a range of total energy between 0.0 and 0.01 a.u. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weeks, DE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.weeks@afit.edu NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 16 AR 164301 DI 10.1063/1.2222369 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 101EP UT WOS:000241722000013 PM 17092067 ER PT J AU Sandhu, SS Fellner, JP AF Sandhu, S. S. Fellner, J. P. TI Performance/design formulation for a solid polymer based acid electrolyte hydrogen/air fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuel cells; solid polymer; performance model; hydrogen; air; acid ID 3-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; MASS-TRANSPORT; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; WATER TRANSPORT; GAS; MANAGEMENT; SIMULATION; MEMBRANES; PEMFC AB Mathematical development of preliminary performance/design equations for a hydrogen/air, solid polymer acid electrolyte based fuel cell is presented. The development is based on the principles of transport phenomena, intrinsic electrochemical kinetics, and classical thermodynamics. The developed formulation is intended to quantitatively describe the mass fraction profiles of the chemical species, hydrogen and oxygen, in the cell anode and cathode diffusion and electrocatalytic reaction layers as a function of the distance in the proton transport direction at an axial distance parallel to the cell anode or cathode channel flow. Given the cell geometry, chemical species and charge transport, and intrinsic electrochemical kinetic parameters, the developed formulation can be employed to compute the species local mass fluxes and predict the cell anode and cathode cell overvoltages for a desired geometric current density. The presented single cell performance predictive formulation has also been linked to the formulation needed to predict the performance of a stack of a number of identical PEMFCs connected in series. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Plans & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sandhu, SS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Sarwan.Sandhu@notes.udayton.edu NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 27 PY 2006 VL 161 IS 2 BP 1133 EP 1153 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.094 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 101ZU UT WOS:000241781200049 ER PT J AU Lu, Y Dajani, IA Knize, RJ AF Lu, Y. Dajani, I. A. Knize, R. J. TI ZnO nanorod arrays as p-n heterojunction ultraviolet photodetectors SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Efficient front-illumination ultraviolet photodetectors have been developed using n-type ZnO nanorod arrays grown on p-type Zn0.9Mg0.1O-coated, (0001)-cut sapphire (Al2O3) substrate. Typical diode rectification behaviour and photoresponsivity were measured, revealing the photodetector's good sensitivity to incident UV photons and its new function of efficient light polarisation discrimination. C1 USAF Acad, LORC, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, Y (reprint author), USAF Acad, LORC, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.af.mil NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 12 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 22 BP 1309 EP 1311 DI 10.1049/el:20062348 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 109PM UT WOS:000242320700035 ER PT J AU Baizert, P Hale, TB Temple, MA Wicks, MC AF Baizert, P. Hale, T. B. Temple, M. A. Wicks, M. C. TI Forward-looking radar GMTI benefits using a linear frequency diverse array SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The ability to suppress range ambiguous clutter is difficult for forward-looking arrays in GHTI processing. Use of linear frequency diverse array (FDA) is proposed, whereby each array channel operates at a different frequency and produces a range dependent pattern. The FDA significantly increases output signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at the range ambiguous clutter Doppler, suggesting detection improvement. Output SINR is shown to increase by as much as 40 dB when compared to a constant frequency array. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, AFIT,ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Radar Signal Proc Branch,AFRL,SNRT, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Baizert, P (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, AFIT,ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Temple@afit.edu NR 5 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 22 BP 1311 EP 1312 DI 10.1049/el:20062791 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 109PM UT WOS:000242320700036 ER PT J AU Raley, JA Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL Ryu, MY Steiner, TD AF Raley, Jeremy A. Yeo, Yung Kee Hengehold, Robert L. Ryu, Mee-Yi Steiner, Todd D. TI Room temperature ferromagnetic properties of transition metal implanted Al0.35Ga0.65N SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Symposium on Multicomponent Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds for Magnetic Applications and Nanotechnology CY SEP 05-09, 2005 CL Warsaw Polytech Univ, Warsaw, POLAND SP European Mat Res Soc HO Warsaw Polytech Univ DE magnetic films and multilayers; semiconductors; impurities in semiconductors; magnetic measurements ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; GAN AB A nominally undoped MBE-grown Al0.35Ga0.65N thin film was implanted with Cr, Mn, and Ni with an energy of 200 keV to a dose of 5 x 1016 cm(-2) for Cr and Mn and to a dose of 3 x 1016 cm(-2) for Ni. The magnetic properties of these samples were measured using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. The Cr-implanted Al0.35Ga0.65N annealed at 750 degrees C has a coercive field (H-C) of 178 Oe at 300 K, and field-cooled (FC) and zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization measurements show evidence of ferromagnetism in this sample with an estimated Curie temperature of around 350 K. The Mn-implanted sample has an H-C of 180 Oe at 300 K after annealing at 750 degrees C for 5 min, which indicates a dominant ferromagnetic phase. The Ni-implanted Al0.35Ga0.65N produces clear ferromagnetic hysteresis at temperatures up to 350 K. FC-ZFC magnetization separation suggests the true presence of ferromagnetism in this material. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Kangweon Natl Univ, Chunchon 200701, Kangwon Do, South Korea. Amer Syst Corp, Dumfries, VA 22026 USA. RP Yeo, YK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM yung.yeo@afit.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD OCT 26 PY 2006 VL 423 IS 1-2 BP 184 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.12.107 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 094SX UT WOS:000241260400046 ER PT J AU Reddy, NS Lee, CS Kim, JH Semiatin, SL AF Reddy, N. S. Lee, C. S. Kim, J. H. Semiatin, S. L. TI Determination of the beta-approach curve and beta-transus temperature for titanium alloys using sensitivity analysis of a trained neural network SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE alpha/beta titanium alloys; beta-transus temperature; neural networks; sensitivity analysis ID ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION KINETICS; MATERIALS SCIENCE; TI-6AL-4V ALLOY; HOT-WORKING; MICROSTRUCTURE; PREDICTION; DEFORMATION; PHASE; RESISTIVITY; COMPOSITES AB A feed-forward neural-network (FFNN) technique with a back-propagation-learning algorithm was used to estimate the beta-approach curve and beta-transus temperature for alphalbeta titanium alloys. The input parameters were the alloy composition (Al, V, Fe, O, and N) and heat-treatment temperature, and the output parameter was the beta-phase volume percentage. The model was trained using selected data from the literature as well as new measurements. The trained model was used to predict the beta-phase volume percentage for the remaining data and to perform a sensitivity analysis to estimate the beta-transus temperature for other titanium alloys. The sensitivity analysis showed that a trained neural network can be used for extrapolated predictions (outside the range of measurements) unlike previous neural-network techniques used primarily for interpolation or approximation. Comparisons between model predictions and experimental data indicated that the NN model thus holds promise for estimating the beta-transus temperature of titanium alloys. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Dept Mat Proc, Chang Won 641010, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM cslee@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Reddy, N. S./0000-0003-4206-4515 NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 25 PY 2006 VL 434 IS 1-2 BP 218 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.06.104 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 089QU UT WOS:000240896400032 ER PT J AU Zhang, YF Downes, JE Wang, SC Learmonth, T Plucinski, L Matsuura, AY McGuinness, C Glans, PA Bernardis, S O'Donnell, C Smith, KE AF Zhang, Yufeng Downes, James E. Wang, Shancai Learmonth, Timothy Plucinski, Lukasz Matsuura, A. Y. McGuinness, Cormac Glans, Per-Anders Bernardis, Sarah O'Donnell, Cian Smith, Kevin E. TI Electronic structure in thin film organic semiconductors studied using soft X-ray emission and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Thin Films CY SEP 15-20, 2002 CL BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA DE organic semiconductors; X-ray emission ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; COPPER PHTHALOCYANINE; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOEMISSION; MOLECULES; SPECTRA; SURFACE; OXIDES; OXYGEN; LEVEL AB The electronic structure of thin films of the organic semiconductors copper and vanadyl (VO) phthalocyanine (Pc) has been measured using resonant soft X-ray emission spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. For Cu-Pc we report the observation of two discrete states near E-P. This differs from published photoemission results, but is in excellent agreement with density functional calculations. For VO-Pc, the vanadyl species is shown to be highly localized. Both dipole forbidden V 3d to V 3d*, and O 2p to V 3d* charge transfer transitions are observed, and explained in a local molecular orbital model. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Smith, KE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ksmith@bu.edu RI McGuinness, Cormac/C-6808-2008; Wang, Shancai/F-6162-2013; Plucinski, Lukasz/J-4987-2013; Glans, Per-Anders/G-8674-2016 OI McGuinness, Cormac/0000-0002-3095-330X; Plucinski, Lukasz/0000-0002-6865-7274; NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 25 PY 2006 VL 515 IS 2 BP 394 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.12.221 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 094DV UT WOS:000241220600004 ER PT J AU Aggerstam, T Lourdudoss, S Radamson, HH Sjodin, M Lorenzini, P Look, DC AF Aggerstam, T. Lourdudoss, S. Radamson, H. H. Sjodin, M. Lorenzini, P. Look, D. C. TI Investigation of the interface properties of MOVPE grown AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures on sapphire SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Thin Films CY SEP 15-20, 2002 CL BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA DE MOVPE; HEMT; scattering; interface roughness; X-ray reflectivity; dislocations ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GAN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DISLOCATIONS AB We have developed a virtual GaN substrate on sapphire based on a two-step growth method. By optimizing the growth scheme for the virtual substrate we have improved crystal quality and reduced interface roughness. Our Al0.22Ga0.78N/GaN HEMT structure grown on the optimized semi-insulating GaN virtual substrate, exhibits Hall mobilities as high as 1720 and 7350 cm(2)/Vs and sheet carrier concentrations of 8.4 x 1012 and 10.0 x 1012 cm(-2) at 300 K and 20 K, respectively The presence of good AlGaN/GaN interface quality and surface morphology is also substantiated by X-Ray reflectivity and Atomic Force Microscopy measurements. A simplified transport model is used to fit the experimental Hall mobility. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 KTH, Royal Inst Technol, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. CNRS, CHREA, F-06560 Valbonne, France. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aggerstam, T (reprint author), KTH, Royal Inst Technol, Electrum 229, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. EM aggis@imit.kth.se NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 25 PY 2006 VL 515 IS 2 BP 705 EP 707 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.04.052 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 094DV UT WOS:000241220600078 ER PT J AU Rose, WI Millard, GA Mather, TA Hunton, DE Anderson, B Oppenheimer, C Thornton, BF Gerlach, TM Viggiano, AA Kondo, Y Miller, TM Ballenthin, JO AF Rose, William I. Millard, Genevieve A. Mather, Tamsin A. Hunton, Donald E. Anderson, Bruce Oppenheimer, Clive Thornton, Brett F. Gerlach, Terrence M. Viggiano, Albert A. Kondo, Yutaka Miller, Thomas M. Ballenthin, John O. TI Atmospheric chemistry of a 33-34 hour old volcanic cloud from Hekla Volcano (Iceland): Insights from direct sampling and the application of chemical box modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC LOWER STRATOSPHERE; MT ST-HELENS; OZONE DEPLETION; NITRIC-ACID; SULFATE AEROSOL; GAS EMISSIONS; 2000 ERUPTION; NITROGEN; WINTER; SIMULATIONS AB [ 1] On 28 February 2000, a volcanic cloud from Hekla volcano, Iceland, was serendipitously sampled by a DC-8 research aircraft during the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment ( SOLVE I). It was encountered at night at 10.4 km above sea level ( in the lower stratosphere) and 33 - 34 hours after emission. The cloud is readily identified by abundant SO2 ( <= 1 ppmv), HCl ( <= 70 ppbv), HF ( <= 60 ppbv), and particles ( which may have included fine silicate ash). We compare observed and modeled cloud compositions to understand its chemical evolution. Abundances of sulfur and halogen species indicate some oxidation of sulfur gases but limited scavenging and removal of halides. Chemical modeling suggests that cloud concentrations of water vapor and nitric acid promoted polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) formation at 201 - 203 K, yielding ice, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), sulfuric acid tetrahydrate ( SAT), and liquid ternary solution H2SO4/H2O/HNO3 (STS) particles. We show that these volcanically induced PSCs, especially the ice and NAT particles, activated volcanogenic halogens in the cloud producing > 2 ppbv ClOx. This would have destroyed ozone during an earlier period of daylight, consistent with the very low levels of ozone observed. This combination of volcanogenic PSCs and chlorine destroyed ozone at much faster rates than other PSCs that Arctic winter. Elevated levels of HNO3 and NOy in the cloud can be explained by atmospheric nitrogen fixation in the eruption column due to high temperatures and/or volcanic lightning. However, observed elevated levels of HOx remain unexplained given that the cloud was sampled at night. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. RP Rose, WI (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM raman@mtu.edu RI Rose, William/A-7923-2009; Mather, Tamsin/A-7604-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Oppenheimer, Clive/G-9881-2013 OI Mather, Tamsin/0000-0003-4259-7303; Oppenheimer, Clive/0000-0003-4506-7260 NR 66 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 24 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D20 AR D20206 DI 10.1029/2005JD006872 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 100WG UT WOS:000241700300001 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Trump, D Bletzinger, P Ganguly, BN AF Williamson, James M. Trump, Darryl D. Bletzinger, Peter Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Comparison of high-voltage ac and pulsed operation of a surface dielectric barrier discharge SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; GLOW PLASMA; POWER; OZONE; EXCITATION; CHEMISTRY; OXYGEN AB A surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in atmospheric pressure air was excited either by low frequency (0.3-2 kHz) high-voltage ac or by short, high-voltage pulses at repetition rates from 50 to 600 pulses s(-1). The short-pulse excited discharge was more diffuse and did not have the pronounced bright multiple cathode spots observed in the ac excited discharge. The discharge voltage, current and average power deposited into the discharge were calculated for both types of excitation. As a measure of plasma-chemical efficiency, the ozone number density was measured by UV absorption as a function of average deposited power. The density of ozone produced by ac excitation did not increase so rapidly as that produced by short-pulse excitation as a function of average power, with a maximum measured density of similar to 3 x 10(15) cm(-3) at 25W. The maximum ozone production achieved by short-pulse excitation was similar to 8.5 x 1015 cm(-3) at 20W, which was four times greater than that achieved by ac excitation at the same power level. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williamson, JM (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM james.williamson2@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 91 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 42 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 20 BP 4400 EP 4406 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/39/20/016 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 098SK UT WOS:000241542900017 ER PT J AU Goldstein, DH AF Goldstein, Dennis H. TI Polarization properties of Scarabaeidae SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MUELLER MATRIX; BEETLES; POLARIMETER; INSECTS; BIRDS AB Beetles of the scarab family are known to reflect circularly polarized light from incident unpolarized light. They are unusual in that there are many animals that use polarized light in some form and several that actually create it, but there are few examples of the creation of circularly polarized light by animals. Scarabs have been measured with a spectropolarimetric reflectometer and are found to reflect light that is generally left-hand circularly polarized. Previous work is summarized, and what is believed to be new measurements of several scarab specimens are presented. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Goldstein, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM dennis.goldstein@eglin.af.mil NR 17 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 30 BP 7944 EP 7950 DI 10.1364/AO.45.007944 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 097IL UT WOS:000241440500028 PM 17068532 ER PT J AU Huenemoerder, DP Testa, P Buzasi, DL AF Huenemoerder, David P. Testa, Paola Buzasi, Derek L. TI X-ray spectroscopy of the contact binary VW Cephei SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; stars : coronae; stars : individual (VW Cep); X-rays : stars ID ACTIVE STELLAR CORONAE; RS CANUM-VENATICORUM; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; RADIAL-VELOCITY; OPTICALLY THIN; AR-LACERTAE; XMM-NEWTON; STARS; EMISSION AB Short-period binaries represent extreme cases in the generation of stellar coronae via a rotational dynamo. Such stars are important for probing the origin and nature of coronae in the regimes of rapid rotation and activity saturation. VW Cep (P = 0.28 days) is a relatively bright, partially eclipsing, very active object. Light curves made from Chandra HETGS data show flaring and rotational modulation but no eclipses. Velocity modulation of emission lines indicates that one component dominates the X-ray emission. The emission measure is highly structured, having three peaks. Helium-like triplet lines give electron densities of about (3-18) x 10(10) cm(-3). We conclude that the corona is predominantly on the polar regions of the primary star and is compact. C1 MIT, Kavlin Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Huenemoerder, DP (reprint author), MIT, Kavlin Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave 37-287, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dph@space.mit.edu; testa@space.mit.edu; derek.buzasi@usafa.af.mil NR 57 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 650 IS 2 BP 1119 EP 1132 DI 10.1086/507404 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 098CD UT WOS:000241497700049 ER PT J AU Smith, BD Haffty, BG Hurria, A Galusha, DH Gross, CP AF Smith, Benjamin D. Haffty, Bruce G. Hurria, Arti Galusha, Deron H. Gross, Cary P. TI Postmastectomy radiation and survival in older women with breast cancer SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEER-MEDICARE DATA; CLINICAL COMORBIDITY INDEX; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; CLAIMS DATA; POSTOPERATIVE RADIOTHERAPY; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; 15-YEAR SURVIVAL; LOCAL RECURRENCE; THERAPY AB Purpose Clinical trials indicate that postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) improves survival for women age younger than 70 years with high-risk breast cancer. However, for women age 70 years or older, the benefits of PMRT are unknown. As recent evidence suggests that certain adjuvant treatments appropriate for younger women may only be marginally beneficial for older women, we sought to determine whether PMRT improves survival for older women with breast cancer. Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Medicare data spanning 1992 to 1999, we identified 11,594 women age 70 years or older treated with mastectomy for invasive breast cancer. A proportional hazards model adjusted for clinical-pathologic covariates tested whether PMRT was associated with improved overall survival for low-risk (T1/2 N0), intermediate-risk (T1/2 N1), and high-risk (T3/4 and/or N2/3) patients. Results A total of 502 (7%) of 7,416 low-risk, 242 (11%) of 2,145 intermediate- risk, and 785 (38%) of 2,053 high-risk patients received PMRT. Median follow-up was 6.2 years. For low-and intermediate- risk patients, PMRT was not associated with survival. For high-risk patients, PMRT was associated with a significant improvement in survival ( hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.97; P =.02). Five-year adjusted survival was 50% for patients not treated with PMRT or chemotherapy, 56% for patients treated with PMRT only, 57% for patients treated with chemotherapy only, and 59% for patients treated with both PMRT and chemotherapy. Conclusion PMRT is associated with improved survival for older women with high-risk breast cancer. Randomized clinical trials are urgently needed to confirm this finding and define optimal treatment strategies for this patient group. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Therapeut Radiol, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Radiat Oncol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), 2200 Berquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM bensmith@alumni.rice.edu OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 FU NIA NIH HHS [K23 AG026749-01, P30AG21342, 1 K08 AG24842] NR 59 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 330 JOHN CARLYLE ST, STE 300, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 30 BP 4901 EP 4907 DI 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.5938 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 098CF UT WOS:000241497900018 PM 17050874 ER PT J AU Reitz, TL Xiao, HM AF Reitz, Thomas L. Xiao, Haiming TI Characterization of electrolyte-electrode interlayers in thin film solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE solid-oxide fuel cells; EIS; thin films; zirconia ID POLARIZATION AB In order to reduce the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), anode-supported cells incorporating thin film (similar to 10 mu m) electrolytes in conjunction with anode/electrolyte and cathode/electrolyte interlayers were studied. SOFC button cells were prepared through deposition of colloidal slurries onto anode supported substrates and were analyzed as a function of temperature and polarization via voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the electro-catalytic activity or electrode/electrolyte interfacial areas were enhanced through the addition of these interlayers. This performance improvement was attributed to the introduction of a diffuse mixed conduction region associated with these interlayers. The cathode is thought to benefit disproportionately from this enhancement. Single SOFC button cells with electrode interlayers were then characterized as a function of temperature and polarization to assess the involvement of these interfacial layers. EIS was applied and the data were used to deconvolute component impedances. Finally electrochemical models were developed to provide a more complete understanding of these assemblies under operation. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Reitz, TL (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.reitz@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 161 IS 1 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.04.019 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 096YE UT WOS:000241412000052 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Voevodin, AA Hu, JJ Zabinski, JS AF Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. Hu, J. J. Zabinski, J. S. TI Tribology of adaptive nanocomposite yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings containing silver and molybdenum from 25 to 700 degrees C SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE adaptive; high-temperature; nanocomposite ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; COMPOSITE COATINGS; SOLID LUBRICANTS; SILICON-NITRIDE; WEAR; BEHAVIOR AB The effect of different types and concentrations of metal additions on the tribological properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia-based coatings was investigated in an effort to develop nanocomposite chameleon coatings exhibiting low friction in air throughout a broad temperature range. A hybrid process of magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition was used to grow nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) imbedded in an amorphous YSZ/metal matrix. Silver was effective as a lubricant at 500 degrees C and lower, while molybdenum formed a soft lubricious oxide at higher temperatures. YSZ-Mo composites exhibited cracks and fissures after deposition, which were enlarged after heating. Cracking was eliminated in YSZ-based coatings containing both silver and molybdenum. The YSZ-Ag-Mo coatings also exhibited moderately low friction coefficients across the entire 25-700 degrees C range. Characterization of the coatings after wear testing revealed that the development of a continuous silver layer protected the underlying YSZ-Mo material from oxidation, provided lubrication up to 500 degrees C, and allowed for the controlled formation of lubricious molybdenum oxide compounds in the wear track at higher temperatures. High-temperature adaptive lubrication mechanisms resulting from noble metal diffusion and soft oxide formation in areas affected by wear are described. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, UTC Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, UES Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, UTC Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 42 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 EI 1873-2577 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD OCT 20 PY 2006 VL 261 IS 7-8 BP 797 EP 805 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2006.01.029 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 094CK UT WOS:000241216700012 ER PT J AU Wilson, GR Weimer, DR Wise, JO Marcos, FA AF Wilson, G. R. Weimer, D. R. Wise, J. O. Marcos, F. A. TI Response of the thermosphere to Joule heating and particle precipitation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; ENERGY INJECTION RATE; POLAR-CAP INDEX; AURORAL IONOSPHERE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; VARIABILITY; MODEL; AE AB [ 1] We have used output from the Weimer Joule heating model ( 2005) and the Air Force High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model ( HASDM) to study the response of the thermosphere to Joule heating. Our study period of 15 January to 29 June 2001 contains a number of large and small magnetic storms during which thermospheric heating events occurred. We find that a new Joule heating model ( Weimer, 2005), combined with the energy input provided by precipitating particles (NOAA/TIROS hemispheric power index), can supply more than enough energy to account for the change in total thermospheric internal and gravitational potential energy during magnetic storms. In the smaller storm heating events the energy input is about equally divided, with Joule heating only slightly dominant over particle precipitation. In the larger events, Joule heating clearly dominates. We find that the thermosphere responds globally in just 3 - 6 hours to an increase in energy input. C1 ATK Mission Res, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Wilson, GR (reprint author), ATK Mission Res, 589 W Hollis St,Suite 201, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. EM gordonr.wilson@atk.com NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 19 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A10 AR A10314 DI 10.1029/2005JA011274 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 100VK UT WOS:000241697500001 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA AF Viggiano, A. A. TI Much improved upper limit for the rate constant for the reaction of O-2(+) with N-2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Letter ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; COLLISIONAL STABILIZATION; NEUTRAL REACTIONS; ETHYLBENZENE; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; NITROGEN; KINETICS; OXYGEN; TORR AB The rate constant for the reaction of O-2(+) with N-2 to produce NO+ plus NO has been measured at 423, 523, and 623 K in a turbulent ion flow tube. Much improved upper limits for this reaction at the three temperatures are 2, 4, and 10 x 10(-21) cm(3) s(-1) respectively. These results should render this reaction irrelevant when modeling all plasmas involving atmospheric gases. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 19 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 41 BP 11599 EP 11601 DI 10.1021/jp064962p PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 093TJ UT WOS:000241192100001 PM 17034151 ER PT J AU Jacobs, JD Koerner, H Heinz, H Farmer, BL Mirau, P Garrett, PH Vaia, RA AF Jacobs, J. David Koerner, Hilmar Heinz, Hendrik Farmer, Barry L. Mirau, Peter Garrett, Patrick H. Vaia, Richard A. TI Dynamics of alkyl ammonium intercalants within organically modified montmorillonite: Dielectric relaxation and ionic conductivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Review ID POLYMER/LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER MELT INTERCALATION; MODIFIED LAYERED SILICATES; LOW-FREQUENCY DISPERSION; MICA-TYPE SILICATES; SURFACTANT MOLECULES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB The low-frequency (0.01 Hz-10 MHz) dynamic characteristics of alkyl quaternary ammonium exchanged montmorillonite (SC20A) were investigated to determine the correlation between temperature-dependent changes in the interlayer structure and collective mobility of the surfactant. From 25 to 165 degrees C, SC20A exhibits two interlayer transitions, one ascribed to the melting of the intercalated alkyl chains of the surfactant (20-40 degrees C) and another associated with an abrupt decrease in the interlayer's coefficient of thermal expansion (100 degrees C). For this temperature range, the excess surfactant and residual electrolytes present in commercially manufactured SC20A enhance the direct current conductivity and increase low-frequency space-charge polarization, which is believed to occur across percolation paths established by the surfaces of the SC20A crystallites. In contrast, a higher-frequency relaxation, which was less sensitive to process history and impurity content, is ascribed to relaxation within the interlayer at the surfactant-aluminosilicate interface electrostatic couple. The temperature dependence of these dielectric relaxations indicated a drastic increase in mobility as the interlayer organic phase transitions from static and glasslike into molten and mobile. Overall, SC20A displayed features of alternating current universality, including time-temperature superposition, common in other types of disordered ion-conducting media. The presence of long-range transport and its sensitivity to low amounts of impurities imply that from a dynamic perspective the local environment of the surfactants are substantially diverse and a minority fraction, such as at the edge of the crystallite (gallery and aluminosilicate layer), may dominate the lower-frequency dielectric response. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Comp Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 113 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 19 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 41 BP 20143 EP 20157 DI 10.1021/jp0619311 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 093TK UT WOS:000241192200017 PM 17034189 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, S Yu, ZG Guha, S Gonzalez, L AF Krishnamurthy, Srinivasan Yu, Zhi Gang Guha, Shekhar Gonzalez, Leo TI High intensity light propagation in InAs SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR ABSORPTION; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; INDIUM ARSENIDE; RATES; INSB AB The authors present their experimental and theoretical results on nonlinear absorption of light in InAs. The nonlinear variation of output intensity as a function of input intensity and time are calculated by solving four coupled rate equations simultaneously. All required quantities, including two-photon absorption, free-carrier absorption, Auger and radiative recombination lifetimes, and intrinsic carrier densities, have been obtained from the underlying band structures. The calculated thickness and energy-dependent output intensities in InAs agree very well with the values measured in their pump-probe experiments. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, S (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM srini@sri.com RI Yu, Z/B-5547-2009; OI , Zhi-Gang/0000-0002-1376-9025 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 16 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 16 AR 161108 DI 10.1063/1.2363970 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 096VP UT WOS:000241405200008 ER PT J AU Leung-Shea, C Danaher, PJ AF Leung-Shea, Charmaine Danaher, Patrick J. TI Q fever in members of the United States armed forces returning from Iraq SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; DIAGNOSIS; ASSAYS AB Large numbers of armed forces personnel returning from southwest Asia may present with infections that are not endemic to the United States or that occur rarely and are underdiagnosed in the United States. We report 2 cases of acute Q fever in members of the US Military recently returned from Iraq. Because a number of recent reports suggest that the risk of Q fever may be higher than initially thought among US forces deployed to this region, clinicians need to have a high index of clinical suspicion, an understanding of the available diagnostic tests, and knowledge regarding the methodology and capabilities of the laboratory to which specimens are submitted. C1 David Grant US AF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Travis AFB, CA USA. David Grant US AF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Danaher, PJ (reprint author), USAF, 96 MDG,96 MDOS,SGOMI,307 Boatner Rd,Ste 114, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM patrick.danaher@eglin.af.mil NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 8 BP E77 EP E82 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 086IE UT WOS:000240666200030 PM 16983603 ER PT J AU Ivasishin, OM Shevchenko, SV Vasiliev, NL Semiatin, SL AF Ivasishin, O. M. Shevchenko, S. V. Vasiliev, N. L. Semiatin, S. L. TI A 3-D Monte-Carlo (Potts) model for recrystallization and grain growth in polycrystalline materials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Monte-Carlo model; recrystallization; grain growth; texture evolution ID STATIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROALLOYED AUSTENITE; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; SIMULATION; KINETICS; NUCLEATION; RECOVERY; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION AB The evolution of microstructure during annealing of deformed polycrystalline metallic materials was modeled using a 3-D Monte-Carlo (Potts) approach in which the initial microstructure, texture (ODF), spatial distribution of the stored energy of deformation, and nucleation mechanism were carefully quantified. The modeling technique was tested using several special cases of 3-D stored-energy distributions and different textures of the as-deformed state. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Phys Met, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. USAF, Res Lab, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shevchenko, SV (reprint author), Inst Phys Met, 36 Vernadsky Str, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. EM shevchsv@imp.kiev.ua RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 51 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 433 IS 1-2 BP 216 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.06.115 PG 17 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 088OQ UT WOS:000240821400033 ER PT J AU Whitman, JM Flynn, TW Childs, JD Wainner, RS Gill, HE Ryder, MG Garber, MB Bennett, AC Fritz, JM AF Whitman, Julie M. Flynn, Timothy W. Childs, John D. Wainner, Robert S. Gill, Howard E. Ryder, Michael G. Garber, Matthew B. Bennett, Andrew C. Fritz, Julie M. TI A comparison between two physical therapy treatment programs for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis - A randomized clinical trial SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE lumbar spine; stenosis; spinal stenosis; physical therapy; rehabilitation; physiotherapy; RCT; clinical trial ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; UNITED-STATES TRENDS; HEALTH-STATUS; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; SURGERY; DECOMPRESSION; RESPONSIVENESS; COMPLICATIONS; MANAGEMENT; SCIATICA AB Study Design. Multicenter randomized, controlled trial. Objective. To compare two physical therapy programs for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Summary of Background Data. Scant evidence exists regarding effectiveness of nonsurgical management programs for lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods. Fifty-eight patients with lumbar spinal stenosis were randomized to one of two 6-week physical therapy programs. One program included manual physical therapy, body weight supported treadmill walking, and exercise (Manual Physical Therapy, Exercise, and Walking Group), while the other included lumbar flexion exercises, a treadmill walking program, and subtherapeutic ultrasound (Flexion Exercise and Walking Group). Perceived recovery was assessed with a global rating of change scale. Secondary outcomes included: Oswestry, a numerical pain rating scale, a measure of satisfaction, and a treadmill test. Testing occurred at baseline, 6 weeks, and 1 year. Perceived recovery, pain, and other healthcare resources used were collected with a long-term follow-up questionnaire. Results. A greater proportion of patients in the manual physical therapy, exercise, and walking group reported recovery at 6 weeks compared with the flexion exercise and walking group (P = 0.0015), with a number needed to treat for perceived recovery of 2.6 (confidence interval, 1.8 - 7.8). At 1 year, 62% and 41% of the manual therapy, exercise, and walking group and the flexion exercise and walking group, respectively, still met the threshold for recovery. Improvements in disability, satisfaction, and treadmill walking tests favored the manual physical therapy, exercise, and walking group at all follow-up points. Conclusions. Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis can benefit from physical therapy. Additional gains may be realized with the inclusion of manual physical therapy interventions, exercise, and a progressive body-weight supported treadmill walking program. C1 Regis Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Denver, CO 80221 USA. USA, Baylor Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. Texas Phys Therapy Specialists, New Braunfels, TX USA. SW Texas State Univ, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Intermt Hlth Care, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Whitman, JM (reprint author), Regis Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, 3333 Regis Blvd,G-4, Denver, CO 80221 USA. EM jwhitman@regis.edu NR 43 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 26 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD OCT 15 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 22 BP 2541 EP 2549 DI 10.1097/01.brs.0000241136.98159.8c PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 098KK UT WOS:000241519200006 PM 17047542 ER PT J AU Hunter, SE Li, LX Dierdorf, D Armendinger, T AF Hunter, Shawn E. Li, Lixiong Dierdorf, Doug Armendinger, Timothy TI Improving water spray efficacy for fire suppression via CO2 addition at high pressures and low temperatures: Evidence for CO2 clathrate hydrate formation SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION; GAS HYDRATE; DIOXIDE; SURFACTANT; DROPLET; NUCLEATION; STABILITY; COMPOSITE; MIXTURES AB This paper describes a technique for achieving a compact aqueous spray that incorporates CO2 into the spray at low temperatures (T < 10 degrees C) and high pressures (P > 10 MPa). A high-pressure spray apparatus was used to explore the effects of temperature (4-25 degrees C), nominal CO2 mole fraction (0-0.12), in-line filter pore size (0.5-7 mu m), and additives on the high-pressure (12-19 MPa) water spray patterns. Divergence of the high-pressure H2O-CO2 spray was significantly reduced at low temperatures, with addition of sodium lauryl sulfate or aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), and with a small-pore-size (0.5 mu m) filter. The observed trends, based on digital images, can be explained by the formation of CO2 clathrate hydrate within the continuous-flow system. The concepts discussed herein may be applied to conventional H2O/AFFF fire-suppression systems, where the introduction of CO2 as a foaming agent can increase fire-suppression efficacy. C1 Appl Res Associates Inc, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Li, LX (reprint author), Appl Res Associates Inc, 430 W 5th St,Suite 700, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. EM lli@ara.com NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD OCT 11 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 21 BP 7275 EP 7286 DI 10.1021/ie060530p PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 091LQ UT WOS:000241030700049 ER PT J AU Ntuen, CA Balogun, O Boyle, E Turner, A AF Ntuen, Celestine A. Balogun, Obafemi Boyle, Edward Turner, Amy TI Supporting command and control training functions in the emergency management domain using cognitive systems engineering SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE decision support system; emergency response; command and control; information analysis; interface; planning ID INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; INTERFACE DESIGN; MODEL; ASSOCIATE AB The design and implementation of MERMAIDS, a computer-based training system in the domain of emergency command and control, is described. The research investigates the use of cognitive systems engineering and information management tools for modelling and representing training knowledge of emergency system operators. We propose a decision-centric human-computer interface as a new method of supporting computer-based modelling in the domain of emergency systems. Several interacting themes in information management relevant to emergency response planning are discussed. C1 N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Inst Human Machine Studies, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. AFRL, HESS Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ntuen, CA (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Inst Human Machine Studies, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM ntuen@ncat.edu NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD OCT 10 PY 2006 VL 49 IS 12-13 BP 1415 EP 1436 DI 10.1080/00140130600613083 PG 22 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 100XU UT WOS:000241704300015 PM 17008263 ER PT J AU Dressler, RA Chiu, Y Levandier, DJ Tang, XN Hou, Y Chang, C Houchins, C Xu, H Ng, CY AF Dressler, Rainer A. Chiu, Y. Levandier, D. J. Tang, X. N. Hou, Y. Chang, C. Houchins, C. Xu, H. Ng, Cheuk-Yiu TI The study of state-selected ion-molecule reactions using the vacuum ultraviolet pulsed field ionization-photoion technique SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; QUANTUM-MECHANICAL CALCULATIONS; PROTON-TRANSFER REACTION; COLLINEAR REACTION HE+H-2(+)->HEH++H; TIME-DEPENDENT WAVEPACKET; ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; COLLISION ENERGY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; WAVE-PACKET AB This paper presents the methodology to generate beams of ions in single quantum states for bimolecular ion-molecule reaction dynamics studies using pulsed field ionization (PFI) of atoms or molecules in high-n Rydberg states produced by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron or laser photoexcitation. Employing the pseudocontinuum high-resolution VUV synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Light Source as the photoionization source, PFI photoions (PFI-PIs) in selected rovibrational states have been generated for ion-molecule reaction studies using a fast-ion gate to pass the PFI-PIs at a fixed delay with respect to the detection of the PFI photoelectrons (PFI-PEs). The fast ion gate provided by a novel interleaved comb wire gate lens is the key for achieving the optimal signal-to-noise ratio in state-selected ion-molecule collision studies using the VUV synchrotron based PFI-PE secondary ion coincidence (PFI-PESICO) method. The most recent development of the VUV laser PFI-PI scheme for state-selected ion-molecule collision studies is also described. Absolute integral cross sections for state-selected H-2(+) ions ranging from v(+)=0 to 17 in collisions with Ar, Ne, and He at controlled translational energies have been obtained by employing the VUV synchrotron based PFI-PESICO scheme. The comparison between PFI-PESICO cross sections for the H-2(+)(HD+)+Ne and H-2(+)(HD+)+He proton-transfer reactions and theoretical cross sections based on quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations and three-dimensional quantum scattering calculations performed on the most recently available ab initio potential energy surfaces is highlighted. In both reaction systems, quantum scattering resonances enhance the integral cross sections significantly above QCT predictions at low translational and vibrational energies. At higher energies, the agreement between experiment and quasiclassical theory is very good. The profile and magnitude of the kinetic energy dependence of the absolute integral cross sections for the H-2(+)(v(+)=0-2,N+=1)+He proton-transfer reaction unambiguously show that the inclusion of Coriolis coupling is important in quantum dynamics scattering calculations of ion-molecule collisions. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Dressler, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM rainer.dressler@hanscom.af.mil; cyng@chem.ucdavis.edu RI Hou, Yu/F-1563-2011 NR 139 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 13 AR 132306 DI 10.1063/1.2207609 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 091VO UT WOS:000241056600008 PM 17029425 ER PT J AU Poutsma, JC Midey, AJ Thompson, TH Viggiano, AA AF Poutsma, John C. Midey, Anthony J. Thompson, Timothy H. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Absolute rate coefficients and branching percentages for the reactions of POxCly-+N(S-4(3/2)) and POxCly-+O(P-3) at 298 K in a selected-ion flow tube instrument SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTARY REACTIONS; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; GAS-PHASE; CHEMISTRY; POCL3; KINETICS; FLAME; TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHORUS; ENERGY AB The absolute rate coefficients and product ion branching percentages at 298 K for the reactions of several POxCly-species with atomic nitrogen (N (S-4(3/2))) and atomic oxygen (O (P-3)) have been determined in a selected-ion flow tube (SIFT) instrument. POxCly-ions are generated by electron impact on POCl3 in a high-pressure source. O atoms are generated by quantitative titration of N atoms with NO, where N atoms are produced by microwave discharge on N-2. The experimental procedure allows for the determination of rate coefficients for the reaction of the reactant ion with N (S-4(3/2)) and O (P-3) as well as with N-2 and NO. None of the ions react with N-2 or NO, giving an upper limit to the rate coefficient of < 5 x 10(-12) cm(3) molecules(-1) s(-1). POCl3- and POCl2- do not react with N atoms, giving an upper limit to the rate coefficient of < 1 x 10(-11) cm(3) molecules(-1) s(-1). The major product ion for POCl3- and POCl2- reacting with O involves loss of Cl from the reactant ion, accounting for > 85% of the products. PO2- is a minor product (<= 4%) from POCl2- + O. Only PO2Cl- reacts with both N and O, directly giving PO2- and PO3- as major products. In addition, calculations of the structures and energies for PO2N, PO2N-, and NCl have been performed at the G3 level of theory to obtain estimates for the energetics of the PO2Cl- reactions. PO2-, PO3-, and PO2Cl2- are all unreactive with both N and O. Comparisons of the reactivity of POxCly-ions with O atoms are made to previous reactivity studies of these ions. In particular, routes that yield the very stable PO2- and PO3- ions are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Chem, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 5 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 39 BP 11315 EP 11319 DI 10.1021/jp063739p PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 088QI UT WOS:000240825800012 PM 17004740 ER PT J AU Voevodin, NN Kurdziel, JW Mantz, R AF Voevodin, N. N. Kurdziel, J. W. Mantz, R. TI Corrosion protection for aerospace aluminum alloys by Modified Self-assembled NAnophase Particle (MSNAP) sol-gel SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corrosion; sol-gel; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); Salt Spray test ID SURFACE TREATMENTS; COATINGS; AA2024-T3; 2024-T3 AB The Air Force Research Laboratory is developing environmentally benign alternatives to the traditional chromated aircraft coating for aircraft corrosion protection, targeted at a 30+ year performance life cycle. The Self-assembled NAnophase Particles (SNAP) process is a new method of forming functionalized silica nanoparticles in-situ from hydrolyzed tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) in an aqueous sol-gel process, and then cross-linking the natioparticles to form a thin, fully dense, protective film on Al aerospace alloys. These nanostructured coatings have been shown to provide an excellent barrier to corrosion for aluminum aerospace alloys; and other applications are envisioned. Much work has been done on characterization and performance of these coatings. This paper discusses a modification of SNAP formulation with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Films were formulated and developed to produce a dense barrier sol-gel coating on AA2024-T3. Corrosion protection properties of the films were evaluated with potentiodynamic scan (PDS) electrochemical technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Salt Spray test (5% NaCl). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Coatings Res Grp, Nonmet Mat Div,Nonstruct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Chem Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Voevodin, NN (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM natasha.voevodin@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD OCT 5 PY 2006 VL 201 IS 3-4 BP 1080 EP 1084 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.01.028 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 140BN UT WOS:000244477300079 ER PT J AU Jin, O Mall, S Sanders, JH Sharma, SK AF Jin, O. Mall, S. Sanders, J. H. Sharma, S. K. TI Durability of Cu-Al coating on Ti-6Al-4V substrate under fretting fatigue SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coatings; fretting; fatigue; wear; gross slip; partial slip ID INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; CONTACT PRESSURE; WEAR; BEHAVIOR; RESISTANCE; TITANIUM; AMPLITUDE; ALLOY AB yThe durability and degradation mechanisms of Cu-Al coating on Ti-6Al-4V substrate under fretting fatigue condition were examined. Fretting fatigue tests were conducted at several applied stress amplitudes with a constant normal contact load. Surface profile measurements on the contact zone showed a gradual coating wear with increasing fretting fatigue cycles at the low applied stress amplitudes, and the coating survived up to one million cycles. At the high applied stress amplitudes either the coating was separated from the substrate due to insufficient interfacial strength or the specimen fractured at locations away from the contact area. The static coefficient of friction (COF) was lower on the coated substrate than that on the un-coated substrate before the application of fretting fatigue loads. After the exposure to fretting fatigue cycles, the static COFs of the coated and the un-coated substrates were almost equal. The surface of the coated substrate thus became relatively rougher with cycling than that of the un-coated substrate from fretting action. Similar behavior was observed from the evolution of tangential force with cycling, The fretting loops between the tangential force and relative slip amplitude of the coated and un-coated substrates were similar, i.e. shapes were almost identical except for the difference in the magnitude of tangential force. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mercer Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Macon, GA 30281 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 23 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD OCT 5 PY 2006 VL 201 IS 3-4 BP 1704 EP 1710 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.02.051 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 140BN UT WOS:000244477300162 ER PT J AU Nastrom, GD Eaton, FD AF Nastrom, G. D. Eaton, F. D. TI Quasi-monochromatic inertia-gravity waves in the lower stratosphere from MST radar observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SANDS-MISSILE-RANGE; MU-RADAR; NEW-MEXICO; FREQUENCY; JICAMARCA; WIND; SOUNDINGS; PERU AB [ 1] The frequency of occurrence of quasi-monochromatic oscillations with periods near the inertial period is examined using hourly mean wind observations from the MST radars at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, and Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, spanning 6 years and 4 years, respectively. Power spectral analyses show that the energy levels near the inertial frequency during summer are nearly constant with altitude from about 12 km up to the highest altitude available, about 20 km, while energy levels at lower frequencies decrease with altitude. This decrease leads to a relative enhancement of energy near the inertial frequency. During winter the relative enhancement near the inertial frequency is much smaller. Results from least squares curve fitting used to find the percent of wind variance explained (PEV) by a single wave over data blocks 72 hours long and 2 km deep indicate that a quasi-monochromatic oscillation is present when PEV >= 25%. During summer in the stratosphere over 50% of the cases have PEV >= 25%. The best fit waveform has mean period near 21 hours and vertical wavelength near 3 km. The wind vectors exhibit anticyclonic rotation in time and with height, consistent with upward propagating gravity waves. The mean ratio of the intrinsic to the inertial frequency is about 1.3 in this data set, and the associated mean horizontal wavelength of these waves is slightly over 1000 km. C1 St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DEBA, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Nastrom, GD (reprint author), St Cloud State Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Cloud, MN 56301 USA. EM gdnastrom@stcloudstate.edu NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D19 AR D19103 DI 10.1029/2006JD007335 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 092TF UT WOS:000241119500003 ER PT J AU Wong, SC Lee, H Qu, SY Mall, S Chen, L AF Wong, Shing-Chung Lee, Hyukjae Qu, Shiyue Mall, Shankar Chen, Ling TI A study of global vs. local properties for maleic anhydride modified polypropylene nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polymer nanocomposites; polypropylene; nanoindentation ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; BARRIER PROPERTIES; MORPHOLOGY; NANOINDENTATION; INDENTATION; NANOSCALE; HARDNESS AB Nanoindentation of organomodified clay filled maleated polypropylene (MAPP) was investigated. The study aims to identify the relative increase in local stiffness in comparison to the increase in mechanical properties of the bulk in polypropylene-based nanocomposites. Such a study allows one to assess confined material property in addition to increased filler volume at the local scale. A mixture of highly intercalated and well exfoliated clay structures, when dispersed in MAPP matrix, was observed under transmission electron microscopy. The degree of exfoliation was found to increase with clay loading, which was attributed to the higher viscosity and mechanical shear forces during melt compounding. Instrumented indentation was performed on (1) clay aggregate supported by MAPP matrix, (2) clay-matrix boundary, and (3) the MAPP matrix. The clay aggregated region generally showed higher stiffness as compared to the matrix. And, the relative increase in indentation stiffness is substantially higher than the relative increase in tensile and compressive stiffnesses for clay reinforced systems. Polymer chain confinement and topological constraint appeared to be operative to enhance local stiffness in the clay aggregated region. Good correlation was, however, obtained between the change in macroscopic stiffness and the change in highly local indentation stiffness as a result of clay reinforcement. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Andong Natl Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Gyungbuk, South Korea. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Inst Mat Res & Engn, Singapore 117602, Singapore. RP Wong, SC (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM swong@uakron.edu NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 4 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 21 BP 7477 EP 7484 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.08.049 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 097CU UT WOS:000241424800021 ER PT J AU Metter, DF Woolley, FR Bradley, Y Morrison, J Phillips, WT Salman, U Duffy, D Smith, R Graham, J Dodd, GD AF Metter, Darlene F. Woolley, F. Ross Bradley, Yong Morrison, John Phillips, William T. Salman, Umber Duffy, Daniel Smith, Reed Graham, Jess Dodd, Gerald D., III TI Teaching radiology resident didactics using videoconferencing: Development of a videoconferencing network to increase the efficiency of radiology resident training SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Woolley, FR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. EM woolleyf@uthscsa.edu RI Phillips, William/E-8427-2010 OI Phillips, William/0000-0001-8248-7817 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC UNIV RADIOLOGISTS PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523-2251 USA SN 1076-6332 J9 ACAD RADIOL JI Acad. Radiol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1276 EP 1285 DI 10.1016/j.acra.2006.06.023 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 087SJ UT WOS:000240762300014 PM 16979077 ER PT J AU Snead, JM AF Snead, James Michael TI A space logistics infrastructure for the near term SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Snead, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 44 IS 10 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 100BG UT WOS:000241641500013 ER PT J AU Desrosiers, L Wang, SA Fadare, O AF Desrosiers, Laurephile Wang, Sa A. Fadare, Oluwole TI Lymphovascular space invasion in stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium: Incidence and prognostic significance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Clinical-Pathology CY OCT 19-22, 2006 CL Los Angeles, NV SP Amer Soc Clin Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Pathol, Med Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 126 IS 4 MA 99 BP 658 EP 658 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 085XY UT WOS:000240638900116 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Heard, K Dart, RC AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Heard, Kennon Dart, Richard C. TI Inhatational abuse of methanol products: elevated methanol and formate levels without vision loss SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology CY SEP 09-14, 2004 CL Seattle, WA ID TOXICITY; INHALATION; FOMEPIZOLE AB Inhalant abuse of methanol-containing products has increased over the last decade. We performed a prospective observational study of 7 subjects who presented to an ED after inhalant abuse of methanol-containing hydrocarbon products. Four patients bad a methanol level greater than 24 mg/dL and 2 had an anion gap greater than 17 mEq/L. The mean formic acid level was 71 mu g/mL, and 1 patient had a level considered high enough to induce retinal toxicity (> 200 mu g/mL). No patient had an abnormal ophthalmologic examination. All patients were treated with intravenous folate, 2 received alcohol dehydrogenase blockade, and no patient received hemodialysis or intravenous bicarbonate. All patients' acidosis resolved within 4 hours. The methanol and formic acid levels are lower than those reported after methanol ingestion. These preliminary data suggest that inhalant abusers of methanol products may have significantly elevated methanol and formic acid levels, but are at low risk for methanol induced complications of visual dysfunction and refractory acidosis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Colorado Emergency Med Res Ctr, Div Emergency Med,Rocky Mt Poison & Drug Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Rocky Mt Poison & Drug Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com; Kennon.heard@uchsc.edu; richard.dart@rmpdc.org NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 24 IS 6 BP 725 EP 728 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2006.03.004 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 091GL UT WOS:000241015000014 PM 16984844 ER PT J AU Kipp, AM Lehman, JA Bowen, RA Fox, PE Stephens, MR Klenk, K Komar, N Bunning, ML AF Kipp, Aaron M. Lehman, Jennifer A. Bowen, Richard A. Fox, Patricia E. Stephens, Michael R. Klenk, Kaci Komar, Nicholas Bunning, Michel L. TI West Nile virus quantification in feces of experimentally infected American and fish crows SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; BIRDS; PATHOGENICITY; CHICKENS AB To better understand the potential environmental health risk presented by West Nile virus (WNV)contaminated feces, we quantified the amount of WNV present in the feces of experimentally infected American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and fish crows (Corvus ossifragus). Peak fecal titers ranged from 10(3.5) to 10(8.8) plaque-forming units (PFU)/g for 10 American crows and from 10(2.3) to 10(6.4) PFU/g for 10 fish crows. The presence of infectious WNV in bird feces indicates a potential for direct transmission of WNV. Thus, handlers of sick or dead birds should take appropriate precautions to avoid exposure to fecal material. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Off Surg Gen, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM jalehman@cdc.gov; nck6@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 75 IS 4 BP 688 EP 690 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 094BM UT WOS:000241214100020 PM 17038695 ER PT J AU Albright, DD Jordan-Wagner, D Napoli, DC Parker, AL Quance-Fitch, F Whisman, B Collins, JW Hagan, LL AF Albright, Deborah D. Jordan-Wagner, Diane Napoli, Diane C. Parker, Amy L. Quance-Fitch, Fonzie Whisman, Bonnie Collins, Jacob W. Hagan, Larry L. TI Multicolored Asian lady beetle hypersensitivity: a case series and allergist survey SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AXYRIDIS; BUG AB Background: Multicolored Asian lady beetles (Harmonia axyridis) have been used as a biological control agent against crop-destroying aphids in the United States. Outside their natural habitat, H axyridis seeks refuge in homes during fall and winter, leading to patient complaints and symptoms of rhinitis, wheezing, and urticaria on exposure to the beetles. Objective: To gain a better understanding of the character and spectrum of allergic disease provoked by exposure to home-infesting lady beetles. Methods: Eight patients with allergic symptoms suspected of being caused by H axyridis and consistent with an IgE-mediated process were identified and interviewed. A whole-body extract from H axyridis was prepared. Western blots using the patients' serum identified specific IgE antibodies in the extract. Through a novel technique, immunohistochemical analysis using beetle sections overlayed with patient serum was performed. A random survey of allergists from across the United States was also performed to evaluate experience with cases of lady beetle allergy. Results: Western blots revealed IgE binding to 5 proteins with molecular weights of approximately 8.6, 21, 28, 31, and 75 kDa. Specific IgE bound to proteins localized in the beetle's mouth and leg areas. The allergist survey revealed positive responses in North Central, Mid-Atlantic and New England states. Conclusion: In 8 patients with allergic symptoms on exposure to high levels of lady beetles, specific IgE bound to proteins from H axyridis. There was also an increased frequency of suspected cases of lady beetle allergy in endemic areas. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathobiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Histopathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Albright, DD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM deborah.albright@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 97 IS 4 BP 521 EP 527 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 097AW UT WOS:000241419600018 PM 17069108 ER PT J AU DeFlorio, P AF DeFlorio, P. TI Intact automotive glass associated with absence of cervical spine injury SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 15-16, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 SU S MA 348 BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 090NQ UT WOS:000240958400346 ER PT J AU Harrison, CH Bebarta, VS Xydakis, MS Grant, GA Conner, J AF Harrison, C. H. Bebarta, V. S. Xydakis, M. S. Grant, G. A. Conner, J. TI Tympanic membrane perforation as a biomarker of primary barotrauma after blast exposure in Iraq SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 15-16, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Travis AFB, CA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Dept Emergency Med, MacDill AFB, FL USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 SU S MA 343 BP S102 EP S103 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 090NQ UT WOS:000240958400341 ER PT J AU Kolkebeck, TE Mehta, S AF Kolkebeck, T. E. Mehta, S. TI The focused assessment of sonography for trauma (FAST) exam in a forward-deployed combat emergency department: A prospective observational study SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 15-16, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 SU S MA 289 BP S87 EP S87 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 090NQ UT WOS:000240958400289 ER PT J AU Mason, PE Eadie, JS Holder, AD AF Mason, P. E. Eadie, J. S. Holder, A. D. TI United States Air Force Critical Care Air Transport Teams in operation Iraqi freedom: A prospective study SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 15-16, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. San Antonio Uninformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 SU S MA 347 BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 090NQ UT WOS:000240958400345 ER PT J AU Mason, PE Gonzalez, MG AF Mason, P. E. Gonzalez, M. G. TI Utility of the charlotte criteria and the liatest d-dimer assay in the exclusion of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 15-16, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 SU S MA 7 BP S3 EP S3 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 090NQ UT WOS:000240958400008 ER PT J AU Varney, SM Holder, AD Bebarta, VS Schmelz, JO AF Varney, S. M. Holder, A. D. Bebarta, V. S. Schmelz, J. O. TI Infrared thermography of facial skin temperatures compared with oral thermometry: A device for syndromic surveillance by remote detection SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians CY OCT 15-16, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 4 SU S MA 316 BP S95 EP S95 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 090NQ UT WOS:000240958400315 ER PT J AU Guillermo, LQ Gal, TJ Mair, EA AF Guillermo, Louis Q. Gal, Thomas J. Mair, Eric A. TI Does obstructive sleep apnea affect aerobic fitness? SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerobic fitness; cycle ergometry; obstructive sleep apnea ID EXERCISE; DEPRIVATION; PERFORMANCE AB Objectives: We sought to determine whether patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) had an objective change in aerobic fitness during cycle ergometry compared to a normal population. The most accurate test of aerobic fitness is measurement of maximum oxygen consumption (V) over dot O2max with cycle ergometry. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis (247 patients with OSA) of (V) over dot O2max from annual cycle ergometry tests compared to a large control group (normative data from 1.4 million US Air Force tests) in a tertiary care setting. Results: Overall, individuals with OSA had increased (V) over dot O2max when compared to the normalized US Air Force data (p <.001). Patients with an apnea-hypopnea index of greater than 20 demonstrated a decreased (V) over dot O2max as compared to normalized values (p <.001). No differences in (V)over dot O2max were observed after either medical or surgical therapy for OSA. Conclusions: Overall, in a US Air Force population, OSA does not predict a decrease in aerobic fitness as measured by cycle ergometry. However, patients with an apnea-hypopnea index of greater than 20 have a statistically significant decrease in aerobic fitness compared to the normal population. This study demonstrates the effects of OSA on aerobic fitness. Further correlation of fitness testing results with OSA severity and treatment is needed. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Charlotte EENT Associates, 6035 Fairview Rd, Charlotte, NC 28210 USA. EM emair@ceenta.com NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 115 IS 10 BP 715 EP 720 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 095XJ UT WOS:000241341300001 PM 17076091 ER PT J AU Gruneisen, MT Garvin, MB Dymale, RC Rotge, JR AF Gruneisen, Mark T. Garvin, Matthew B. Dymale, Raymond C. Rotge, James R. TI Mosaic imaging with spatial light modulator technology SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FRONT CONTROL; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; TELESCOPE SYSTEM; BEAM STEERER; OPTICS; COMPENSATION AB Diffractive wavefront control with spatial light modulator technology has been successfully demonstrated both as a means of steering optical wavefronts and for compensating large optical aberrations. We describe the use of a spatial light modulator operating as a programmable diffractive optic to record extended-field-of-view mosaic images centered about a large off-axis field angle. A gimbaled primary mirror allows the nominal viewing angle to be varied, and diffractive wavefront steering allows images to be acquired at discrete increments in the field angle about the nominal angle. Diffractive wavefront compensation corrects aberrations associated with the primary mirror orientation and changes in field angle introduced by diffractive wavefront steering. A time sequence of images recorded at discrete increments in the field angle is then digitally combined to create a high-pixel-count mosaic image. The effects of diffraction efficiency and wavelength-dependent wavefront errors on image quality are analyzed. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 28 BP 7211 EP 7223 DI 10.1364/AO.45.007211 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 089MZ UT WOS:000240886000003 PM 16983406 ER PT J AU Coletta, D Feaver, PD AF Coletta, Damon Feaver, Peter D. TI Civilian monitoring of US military operations in the information age SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Political-Science-Association CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Polit Sci Assoc DE civil-military relations; principal-agent; information; command AB Recent research on U.S. civil-military relations has applied principal-agent logic to analyze the post-cold war friction between civilian authorities and top military commanders. This article proposes a greater emphasis on bargaining to focus on the effects of new monitoring technologies available to the civilian principal in the information age. As monitoring capabilities increase and military agents perceive their autonomy disappearing, tacit bargaining over the president's level of resource commitment to a crisis should become more prevalent. This idea receives support from a comparison across case studies of the limited use of force taken from different technological eras. A new style of civil-military bargaining presents both challenges and opportunities to the traditional conception of military professionalism. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. RP Coletta, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, 2354 Fairchild Dr Suite 6L116, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM damon.coletta@usafa.af.mil; peter.feaver@duke.edu NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1 BP 106 EP 126 DI 10.1177/0095327X05282530 PG 21 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 135SK UT WOS:000244173100007 ER PT J AU Engelke, CW Price, SD Kraemer, KE AF Engelke, Charles W. Price, Stephan D. Kraemer, Kathleen E. TI Spectral irradiance calibration in the infrared. XVI. Improved accuracy in the infrared spectra of the secondary and tertiary standard calibration stars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; methods : analytical; techniques : spectroscopic ID EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE SCALE; ISO-SWS CALIBRATION; PROTOTYPE OPTICAL INTERFEROMETER; SHORT-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; LIMB-DARKENING COEFFICIENTS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LATE-TYPE GIANTS; MU-M SPECTRA; ANGULAR DIAMETERS; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION AB We have increased the spectral resolution and accuracy of the absolute infrared spectral flux for a subset of stellar standards created by Cohen and his collaborators in previous papers in this series. We combined the moderate-resolution (lambda/Delta lambda similar to 400) spectroscopy obtained on infrared standard stars by the Short Wavelength Spectrometer on the Infrared Space Observatory with high-quality photometry that is tied to our recent absolute calibration from the Midcourse Space Experiment. New spectra were created for 33 stars, 9 of which are Cohen et al. secondary standards and another 20 of which are tertiary standards for which Cohen adopted spectral templates. The effective temperatures and angular diameters for the stars are derived from the absolute spectra and compare favorably with independent measures of these quantities in the literature. The present spectra display systematic differences with those of Cohen and colleagues in that they have 4% - 7% lower fluxes in the 1 - 4 mu m spectral region. Our spectra remove the A - K star calibration bias recently noted in the calibration of the Spitzer Space Telescope camera. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Engelke, CW (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM charles.engelke.ctr@hanscom.af.mil; steve.price@hanscom.af.mil; kathleen.kraemer@hanscom.af.mil OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 90 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 132 IS 4 BP 1445 EP 1463 DI 10.1086/505865 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093IJ UT WOS:000241161700003 ER PT J AU Doan, BK Hickey, PA Lieberman, HR Fischer, JR AF Doan, Brandon K. Hickey, Patrick A. Lieberman, Harris R. Fischer, Joseph R. TI Caffeinated tube food effect on pilot performance during a 9-hour, simulated nighttime U-2 mission SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE caffeine; fatigue; U-2; sleep deprivation; cognitive performance; vigilance; encapsulation ID COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; VISUAL VIGILANCE; MOOD; STRESS AB Introduction: Interventions to maintain performance are necessary to meet demanding mission requirements during sustained and surge aviation operations. Tube foods are the only foods that can be consumed during a U-2 mission due to the confining and encapsulating nature of required support equipment. Caffeine is a safe and effective strategy to enhance cognitive performance and is an ingredient in some tube foods. The objective of this study was to determine whether moderate doses of caffeinated tube foods would enhance performance in a simulated U-2 mission. Methods: Volunteers were 12 healthy USAF male pilots. The study used a double blind, placebo-controlled, two-factor, repeated-measures (five iterations per night) design. Caffeinated (200 mg each) or placebo tube food was consumed at 00:00 and 04:00. Dependent measures assessed included standardized tests of cognitive performance, vigilance, and mood designed to simulate the demands of a nighttime U-2 mission. Results: Statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvements in performance due to caffeine administration compared with placebo were present in all five cognitive tasks either as main effects interactions, or absence of significant degradation in the caffeine treatment condition compared with the placebo condition. A majority of sleep deprivation-induced performance decrements were attenuated by 200 mg of caffeine in tube food consumed every 4 h, and in some cases, performance was improved beyond baseline levels. Conclusions: Caffeinated tube food maintained cognitive performance representative of U-2 long-duration mission tasks at or near baseline levels for a 9-h overnight period in qualified USAF pilots. Side effects were minor and did not differ between placebo and caffeine conditions. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Gen Dynam AIS, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Doan, BK (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2169 Fieldhouse Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Brandon.Doan@usafa.af.mil NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1034 EP 1040 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 091SQ UT WOS:000241049000006 PM 17042248 ER PT J AU Branch, SL AF Branch, Stacey L. TI Posner-Schlossman syndrome and medical Certification SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Posner-Schlossman syndrome is a rare eye condition involving mild anterior chamber inflammation and extreme intermittent intraocular pressure elevations. Symptoms are mild and not incapacitating, but aviators need proper diagnosis and treatment to ensure that visual acuity and visual fields are not affected. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Branch, SL (reprint author), Aerosp Med Assoc, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1092 EP 1093 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 091SQ UT WOS:000241049000019 PM 17042259 ER PT J AU Campbell, SE AF Campbell, Scot E. TI MRI of sports injuries of the ankle SO CLINICS IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PERONEUS LONGUS TENDON; TIBIALIS POSTERIOR TENDON; FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS; PLANTAR FASCIA RELEASE; OSTEOCHONDRAL LESIONS; STRESS-FRACTURES; IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME; ACHILLES-TENDON; ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT; COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS AB MRI provides accurate evaluation of die articular cartilage, bones, ligaments, tendons, nerves, and vessels of the ankle. A thorough understanding of the anatomy and imaging manifestations of ankle injury is necessary for adequate evaluation. MRI is useful in treatment planning by evaluating the extent of injury and the presence of associated injuries. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Campbell, SE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM scot.campbell@lackland.af.mil NR 124 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-5919 J9 CLIN SPORT MED JI Clin. Sports Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 727 EP + DI 10.1016/j.csm.2006.06.009 PG 37 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 091JV UT WOS:000241024400008 PM 16962424 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Musil, SS Mall, S Keller, KA AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Musil, S. S. Mall, S. Keller, K. A. TI Creep behavior of Nextel (TM) 610/monazite/alumina composite at elevated temperatures SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); oxides; fibres; coatings; creep; high-temperature properties; mechanical properties; fractography ID BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; OXIDE-OXIDE COMPOSITES; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; SILICON-CARBIDE; MONAZITE COATINGS; WATER-VAPOR; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; OXIDATION; PERFORMANCE AB The creep behavior of a N610/LaPO4/Al2O3 Composite was evaluated in this work. The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with Nextel 610 fibers coated with monazite in a symmetric cross-ply (0 degrees/90 degrees/0 degrees/90 degrees)s orientation. The tensile stress-strain behavior was investigated and the tensile properties measured at room temperature and in the 900-1200 degrees C range. The addition of monazite coating resulted in similar to 50% improvement in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at temperatures <= 1100 degrees C, and in 37% improvement in UTS at 1200 degrees C. Tensile creep behavior was examined at temperatures in the 900-1100 degrees C range for creep stresses ranging from 40 to 150 MPa. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in creep tests at 900 degrees C. At temperatures above 900 degrees C, the composite exhibited primary, secondary and tertiary creep. Minimum creep rate was reached in all tests. Creep rates accelerated with increasing temperature and creep stress. At 900 degrees C creep run-out, defined as 100 h at creep stress, was achieved for stress levels <= 120 MPa. The residual strength and modulus of all specimens that achieved run-out were characterized. Comparison with results obtained for N610/Al2O3 (control) specimens revealed that the use of the monazite coating resulted in improved creep resistance at 900 degrees C. Creep performance deteriorated rapidly as temperatures increased above 900 degrees C. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 13 BP 2089 EP 2099 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.12.026 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 081FY UT WOS:000240303800023 ER PT J AU Bechel, VT Negilski, M James, J AF Bechel, Vernon T. Negilski, Mathew James, Joshua TI Limiting the permeability of composites for cryogenic applications SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composites; environmental degradation; transverse cracking; residual stress; cryogenic cycling ID LEAKAGE; TEMPERATURE; THICKNESS; PLIES; PLY AB The correlation between thermal fatigue-generated networks of transverse micro-cracks and the permeability of carbon fiber polymer matrix composites (PMCs) was the focal point of this effort. Epoxy and bismaleimide matrix PMCs were cycled between liquid nitrogen temperature (-196 degrees C) and elevated temperature. The samples were then optically examined for micro-cracks and evaluated for their tendency for leakage in a fluid containment application. Composite coupons were tested for the rate of flow of low-pressure helium gas in the through-thickness direction at room temperature (RT) and liquid nitrogen (LN2) temperature as a function of the applied cycles. The choice of lay-up drastically influenced the permeability. Samples with [0/90](2S) and [0/90/45/-45](S) lay-ups resisted leakage at least 100 cycles more than the [0/45/-45/90](S) samples. The temperature of the elevated portion of the thermal cycle also had a large impact on the initiation and propagation of transverse cracks and the eventual creation of complete through-thickness gas flow paths that were the source of permeability. For example, for the [0/45/-45/90](S) lay-up of IM7/5250-4 a relatively moderate 57 degrees C reduction in the elevated hold temperature decreased permeability by up to 100 times. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Bechel, VT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vernon.bechel@wpafb.af.mil NR 35 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 66 IS 13 BP 2284 EP 2295 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.12.003 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 081FY UT WOS:000240303800043 ER PT J AU Newman, MA Hatfield, K Hayworth, J Rao, PSC Stauffer, T AF Newman, Mark A. Hatfield, Kirk Hayworth, Joel Rao, P. Suresh C. Stauffer, Tom TI Inverse characterization of NAPL source zones SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM RELATIVE ENTROPY; POROUS-MEDIA; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; MULTICOMPONENT DNAPL; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; POLLUTION SOURCES; PLUME DEVELOPMENT; RELEASE HISTORY; EMPLACED-SOURCE; IDENTIFICATION AB This work presents a possible tool for inverse characterization of NAPL (nonaqueous phase liquid) source zones in terms of contaminant mass flux. A hybrid solution technique was applied that considers contaminant transport through a vertical flux plane. The hybrid solution technique takes advantage of the robust solution capabilities of simulated annealing (SA) and the uncertainty estimation capabilities of minimum relative entropy (MRE). The coupled technique (SA-MRE) provides probability density functions and confidence intervals that would not be available from an independent SA algorithm, and they are obtained more efficiently than if provided by an independent MRE algorithm. The SA-MRE method was used to characterize a NAPL source zone that was emplaced in a three-dimensional aquifer model. When dissolution experiments were complete, the aquifer model was excavated, and the distribution of NAPL zones was recorded using digital images of excavation grids. The excavation images were compiled into a three-dimensional representation of the source zone for comparison with and validation of modeling results. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Newman, MA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, POB 116580, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM markn@ce.ufl.edu NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 19 BP 6044 EP 6050 DI 10.1021/es060437s PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 088QK UT WOS:000240826000040 PM 17051798 ER PT J AU Allen, ST AF Tolbert Allen, Scot TI Secularism: chosen and presented texts. SO FRENCH REVIEW LA French DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Allen, ST (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC TEACHERS FRENCH PI CARBONDALE PA MAILCODE 4510, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-4510 USA SN 0016-111X J9 FR REV JI Fr. Rev. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 80 IS 1 BP 223 EP 224 PG 2 WC Literature, Romance SC Literature GA 096GH UT WOS:000241365100032 ER PT J AU Barrier, BF Kendall, BS Sharpe-Timms, KL Kost, ER AF Barrier, Breton F. Kendall, Brian S. Sharpe-Timms, Kathy L. Kost, Edward R. TI Characterization of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G); endometrial adenocarcinoma; immune tolerance; clinical marker ID OVARIAN-CARCINOMA; FUNCTIONAL-ROLE; T-LYMPHOCYTES; UP-REGULATION; G MOLECULE; IFN-GAMMA; CELLS; TROPHOBLASTS; INHIBITION; ACCEPTANCE AB Objectives. The current study sought to determine if endometrial adenocarcinomas express human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), an immune-regulatory protein, and if degree of expression correlates with the stage of carcinoma. Methods. Forty-four primary endometrial adenocarcinomas were tested using immunohistochemical staining with the 41484 anti-HLA-G monoclonal antibody. Metastatic implants were not included. A subset of 10 samples was tested using RNA in situ hybridization to confirm the presence of HLA-G transcript. Results of staining were analyzed with respect to grade, tumor histology, and stage of disease. Spearman rank correlation was used to assess tumor grade, histology, and disease stage as a function of HLA-G protein staining. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the feasibility of HLA-G protein staining as a clinical marker for advanced stage disease. Results. Immunohistochemical staining for HLA-G protein was seen in 55% (24/44) of primary site endometrial adenocarcinomas and localized to glandular but not stromal epithelium. RNA in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of transcript in the majority of samples tested and also localized to glandular epithelium. A significant correlation was seen with increasing HLA-G protein staining and increasing stage of endometrial cancer, P < 0.01. HLA-G was found to be a fair discriminator as a test for metastatic disease with an area under the ROC curve of 0.75 for metastatic versus non-metastatic disease. Conclusions. HLA-G protein is expressed in a significant number of endometrial adenocarcinomas, in which it is localized to the glandular epithelium. HLA-G may serve as a clinical marker for the preoperative prediction of metastatic endometrial cancer. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, MCHE OG, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, Div Reprod & Perinatal Res, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. RP Kost, ER (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, MCHE OG, Bldg 3600,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM edward.kost@cen.amedd.army.mil NR 26 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 103 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.01.045 PG 6 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 089NJ UT WOS:000240887100007 PM 16530254 ER PT J AU Kent, BM Freundl, K Griffith, AD AF Kent, Brian M. Freundl, Kyle Griffith, Anthony D. TI Mobile diagnostic laboratory measurements of the transient scattering characteristics of a NASA shuttle booster separation motor plume SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE radar cross sections; radar measurements; electromagnetic measurements; electromagnetic scattering by plasma media; rockets AB Field-level RCS measurements are difficult to perform in rugged, unimproved environments, even under the best of conditions. Recently, NASA tasked AFRL to measure the scattering characteristics of a Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) Booster Separation Motor (BSM) plume at China Lake's "Skytop" measurement facility, as part of characterizations needed to return the Shuttle to safe flight. AFRL's Mobile Diagnostic Laboratory (MDL) was used to measure the RCS of six sequential Booster Separation Motor plume firings, a major technical challenge since each burn lasts only 0.8 s. The residual smoke plume RCS was also measured during the post-firing period. The experimental setup and scattering results are described. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Kent, BM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, SNS, Bldg 254,2591 K St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 5 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1109/MAP.2006.277135 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 108RE UT WOS:000242256100020 ER PT J AU Gu, G Chandler, PR Schumacher, CJ Sparks, A Pachter, M AF Gu, G. Chandler, P. R. Schumacher, C. J. Sparks, A. Pachter, M. TI Optimal cooperative sensing using a team of UAVs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID BEARING MEASUREMENTS; LOCALIZATION; MOTION AB We investigate the joint optimal estimation of both the position and velocity of a ground moving target (GMT) using pulse Doppler radars on-board unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The problem of cooperative estimation using a UAV team and the optimization of the team's configuration to achieve optimal GMT position and velocity estimates is addressed. Based on the Cramar-Rao bound, the minimum achievable error variance of the GMT position and velocity estimates is derived. The expression of the minimum achievable estimation error variance for unbiased estimation provided by the Cramer-Rao bound is minimized yielding the optimal configuration of the UAV team. Our solution is complete in that it addresses various GMT tracking scenarios and an arbitrary number of UAVs. Optimal sensor geometries for typical applications are illustrated. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. AFRL, VACA, Wright Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gu, G (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1446 EP 1458 DI 10.1109/TAES.2006.314584 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 145OP UT WOS:000244874700018 ER PT J AU Nair, NV Melapudi, VR Jimenez, HR Liu, X Deng, YM Zeng, ZW Udpa, L Moran, TJ Udpa, SS AF Nair, Naveen V. Melapudi, Vikram R. Jimenez, Hector R. Liu, Xin Deng, Yiming Zeng, Zhiwei Udpa, Lalita Moran, Thomas J. Udpa, Satish S. TI A GMR-based eddy current system for NDE of aircraft structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st IEEE International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE eddy current; giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors; nondestructive evaluation AB Onsite real-time nondestructive evaluation of aircraft using eddy current techniques has gained significance in the past few years. In this paper, emphasis is placed on developing a flexible and a fast real-time inspection system using giant magnetoresistive (GMR) field sensors. Experimental signals are compared with finite-element model (FEM) model simulations and signals acquired using traditional data acquisition methods. Several advantages of the improved design are discussed. C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Nair, NV (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM nairn@egr.msu.edu RI Deng, Yiming/B-3698-2010; Zeng, Zhiwei/G-3385-2010 NR 8 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 10 BP 3312 EP 3314 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2006.879820 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 089NZ UT WOS:000240888700348 ER PT J AU Lai, ST Garrett, HB Cho, MH Hilgers, A AF Lai, Shu T. Garrett, Henry B. Cho, Mengu Hilgers, Alain TI Guest editorial - Special issue on spacecraft charging technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804855, Japan. European Space Agcy, Estec, TOS EMA, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM Shu.Lai@Hanscom.af.mil; Henry.B.Garrett@jpl.nasa.gov; cho@ele.kyutech.ac.jp; Alain.Hilgers@esa.int NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1946 EP 1947 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883393 PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IE UT WOS:000241439800001 ER PT J AU Lai, ST Tautz, MF AF Lai, Shu T. Tautz, Maurice F. TI Aspects of spacecraft charging in sunlight SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY APR, 2005 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy Japan DE monopole-dipole; monopole-qnadrupole; photo-emission; reflectance; spacecraft charging; sunlight charging ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; POTENTIAL BARRIER; PHOTOELECTRONS; COATINGS; CURRENTS; SURFACE; SHEATH AB This paper is an overview of spacecraft charging in sunlight. The daylight photoelectron flux emitted from spacecraft surfaces normally exceeds the ambient electron flux. As a result, charging of spacecraft surfaces to positive voltage is expected to occur in sunlight. Indeed, spacecraft are often observed to charge to low positive voltages in sunlight. However, spacecraft can charge to high-level (kiloelectronvolts) negative voltages in sunlight. Why do spacecraft charge negatively in sunlight? One chief reason concerns differential charging between the sunlit and dark sides. a satellite with dielectric surfaces, an electric field builds up on the shaded surfaces and then wraps around to the sunlit side to form a potential barrier that suppresses the photoemission. A monopole-dipole (for zero spin) or monopole-quadrupole model (for fast spin) describes the differential charging potential distribution due to blocked photoelectrons. It is shown that these cases are similar to a more general multipole potential field in that the surface node potentials satisfy an approximate linear relation. These cases are all driven by the shade side charging so that the onset for charging is approximately the same in sunlight or eclipse if conduction currents through the spacecraft can be neglected. If conduction currents are important, potential barriers can develop on the dark side, leading to suppression of the secondary emission currents and modification of charging onset. The results were briefly compared with observations. Another important reason for negative charging concerns reflectance. Highly reflective mirrors generate substantially reduced photoemission so that current balance can be achieved without barrier formation. The onset for charging in this case depends strongly on the reflectivity. The temperature for charging of surface materials under space substorm conditions with different ratios of photoemission current to electron ambient current, corresponding to varying satellite surface reflectivity values, was calculated. Numerical results, which show that with substantially reduced photoemission, highly reflective surfaces charge in sunlight with the critical temperature for onset decreasing with increasing reflectivity, are presented. C1 Radex Inc, AER, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Space Weather Ctr Excellence, Hanscom Air Fore Base, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM Shu.Lai@hanscom.af.mil NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2053 EP 2061 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.883362 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IE UT WOS:000241439800014 ER PT J AU Davis, VA Mandell, MJ Rich, FJ Cooke, DL AF Davis, V. A. Mandell, M. J. Rich, F. J. Cooke, D. L. TI Inverse trajectory approach to computing ionospheric currents to the special sensor ultraviolet limb imager on DMSP SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY APR, 2005 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy Japan DE current measurement; particle tracking; plasma interactions; plasma measurement; space plasma; surface charging ID INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE; PATTERNS; DENSITY; FUTURE; SSULI AB The special sensor ultraviolet limb imager was developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and is deployed on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F16 polar-orbiting spacecraft. The instrument is experiencing a level of noise that is, at times, interfering with its proper operation. The noise is correlated with the spacecraft chassis potential. The potentials about DMSP and the resulting ionospheric current entering the instrument were computed to determine if the noise could be due to this current. In order to obtain results of sufficient accuracy, it is necessary to use a reverse trajectory technique that effectively integrates over the thermal distribution of incident ions. The reverse trajectory technique is described in detail. Once the resistance between the mirror surface and the chassis is taken into account, the current computed using this approach shows the same dependence on the chassis potential as the observed noise, which supports the conjecture that ionospheric ions are responsible for the noise. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Adv Concepts Business Unit, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Davis, VA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Adv Concepts Business Unit, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM Victoria.A.Davis@saic.com; Myron.M.Mandell@saic.com; Frederick.Rich@hanscom.af.mil; David.Cooke@hanscom.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2062 EP 2070 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.881931 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IE UT WOS:000241439800015 ER PT J AU Mandell, MJ Davis, VA Cooke, DL Wheelock, AT Roth, CJ AF Mandell, Myron J. Davis, Victoria A. Cooke, David L. Wheelock, Adrian T. Roth, C. J. TI Nascap-2k spacecraft charging code overview SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference CY APR, 2005 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy Japan DE antenna theory; ion engines; particle tracking; plasma interactions; plasma measurement; space plasma; surface charging AB Nascap-2k is a modern spacecraft charging code, replacing the older codes NASA Charging Analyzer Program for GEosynchronous Orbit (NASCAP/GEO), NASA Charging Analyzer Program for Low-Earth Orbit (NASCAP/LEO), Potentials Of Large objects in the Auroral Region (POLAR), and Dynamic Plasma Analysis Code (DynaPAC). The code builds on the physical principles, mathematical algorithms, and user experience developed over three decades of spacecraft charging research. Capabilities include surface charging in geosynchronous and interplanetary orbits, sheath, and wake structure, and current collection in low-Earth orbits, and auroral charging. External potential structure and particle trajectories are computed using a finite element method on a nested grid structure and may be visualized within the Nascap-2k interface. Space charge can be treated either analytically, self-consistently with particle trajectories, or consistent with imported plume densities. Particle-in-cell (PIC) capabilities are available to study dynamic plasma effects. Auxiliary programs to Nascap-2k include Object Toolkit (for developing spacecraft surface models) and GridTool (for constructing nested grid structures around spacecraft models). The capabilities of the code are illustrated by way of four examples: charging of a geostationary satellite, self-consistent potentials for a negative probe in a low-Earth orbit spacecraft wake, potentials associated with thruster plumes, and PIC calculations of plasma effects on a very low frequency (about I to 20 kHz) antenna. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Mandell, MJ (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM Myron.J.Mandell@saic.com; Victoria.A.Davis@saic.com; David.Cooke@hanscom.af.mil; Adrian.Wheelock@hanscom.af.mil; Christopher.Roth.CTR@Hanscom.af.mil NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 34 IS 5 BP 2084 EP 2093 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.881934 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 097IE UT WOS:000241439800018 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Midey, AJ Ehlerding, A AF Viggiano, A. A. Midey, Anthony J. Ehlerding, A. TI Kinetics of the reactions of ONOO- with small molecules SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE D-region; rate constant; peroxynitrite; ONOO-; branching ratios ID NEGATIVE-ION REACTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; AB-INITIO; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRUM; CO3; PHOTODISSOCIATION; ENERGY; THERMOCHEMISTRY AB Rate constants and product distributions have been measured for a number of simple molecules reacting with ONOO- at 200 and 300 K. NO, CO, H-2, CH4, N2O, and H2O did not react with ONOO-. HCl and HCN underwent proton transfer in addition to other competing channels. Charge transfer from ONOO- was observed exclusively with O-3 and NO2- SO2 and HCl underwent exchange for NO in ONOO-. HCN was the only substance to show substantial chemistry, producing CNO- and NO2- in addition to the proton transfer channel. Rate constants for the reactive substances were generally rapid, occurring at >10% of the collision rate constant. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 255 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2005.12.007 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 082IV UT WOS:000240380900009 ER PT J AU Betowski, LD Enlow, M Aue, DH AF Betowski, L. D. Enlow, Mark Aue, Donald H. TI Electron affinities of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and negative-ion chemical-ionization sensitivities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH); electron affinity; chemical-ionization mass spectrometry; computational chemistry ID PROTON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RATE CONSTANTS; DETACHMENT; ATTACHMENT; SPECTRA; ENERGY; CH5 AB Negative-ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NICI MS) has the potential to be a very useful technique in identifying various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and sediment samples. Some PAHs give much stronger signals under NICI MS conditions than others. On the other hand, positive-ion signals are largely comparable under the same source conditions. An extensive set of newly re-evaluated experimental electron affinities (EAs), or free energies of electron attachment, are now available, as well as reliable predicted electron affinities from quantum theoretical calculations or from solution reduction potentials and theoretically predicted solvation energies. In order to show a high negative-ion sensitivity, a PAH must have an EA that exceeds a threshold of approximately of 0.5 eV Comparisons between the negative-ion to positive-ion sensitivities (N/P ratios) and these new electron affinities show a rough correlation between the two, but naphthacene and perylene are exceptions to this relationship with much lower sensitivities than expected from their high EA values. By calculating the EA for a PAH, one can predict whether a sensitivity enhancement under NICI MS conditions is to be expected. Since aliphatic hydrocarbons and many other substances have negative or very low EAs, NICI MS is expected to be a good technique for detecting PAHs in samples contaminated with other hydrocarbons or compounds with low EAs. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, NERL, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Betowski, LD (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM betowski.don@epa.gov; aue@chem.ucsb.edu NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 255 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2006.04.008 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 082IV UT WOS:000240380900016 ER PT J AU Birman, V Byrd, LW AF Birman, Victor Byrd, Larry W. TI Functionally graded stitched laminates: Illustration on the example of a double cantilever beam SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laminates; beams; cantilevers ID I DELAMINATION TOUGHNESS; DCB SPECIMENS; COMPOSITE AB Although stitched laminates have been shown effective in preventing delamination failure, the presence of stitches results in a degraded in-plane strength and stiffness in such structures. The solution suggested in the paper is based on using stitches only in a part of the structure where they serve as arrestors of delamination cracks, while the part subject to considerable in-plane loading could remain unstitched. This approach, that could be called "functionally graded stitching," is considered on the example of a double cantilever beam (DCB) with a preexisting delamination crack that has penetrated into the stitched region of the beam. As is shown in the paper, the distribution of stitches in a functionally graded DCB (and in any other laminated structure) should be chosen to prevent three major failure modes. These modes include the failure of the stitches, bending failure of the unstitched delaminated section of the structure, and continuous crack propagation through the stitched region. The results obtained in the paper for the static problem clearly illustrate the feasibility of using functionally graded stitched laminates retaining in-plane strength and stiffness, while providing barriers to delamination cracks in less loaded regions of the structure. Additionally, the approach to the solution of the dynamic problem presented in the paper may be applied to the analysis of fatigue delamination cracks in partially stitched structures. C1 Univ Missouri Rolla, Engn Educ Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri Rolla, Engn Educ Ctr, 1 Univ Blvd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM vbirman@umr.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2006)19:4(217) PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 089NM UT WOS:000240887400003 ER PT J AU Preusse, P Ern, M Eckermann, SD Warner, CD Picard, RH Knieling, P Krebsbach, M Russell, JM Mlynczak, MG Mertens, CJ Riese, M AF Preusse, Peter Ern, Manfred Eckermann, Stephen D. Warner, Christopher D. Picard, Richard H. Knieling, Peter Krebsbach, Mac Russell, James M., III Mlynczak, Martin G. Mertens, Christopher J. Riese, Martin TI Tropopause to mesopause gravity waves in August: Measurement and modeling SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE satellite measurements; stratosphere; mesosphere; gravity waves; ray tracing ID CRYOGENIC INFRARED SPECTROMETERS; STRATOSPHERIC MOUNTAIN WAVES; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; CRISTA TEMPERATURES; SATELLITE DATA; MOMENTUM FLUX; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME; LATITUDINAL VARIATIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SABER EXPERIMENT AB Global gravity wave (GW) distributions are retrieved from infrared emission limb soundings taken by the CRISTA instrument in August 1997 and by the SABER instrument in August 2003. The investigated altitudes cover the whole middle atmosphere from the tropopause to the mesopause. The data agree semi-quantitatively in their salient features and only small deviations due to the different meteorological conditions in the two years are observed. Of particular interest is the decrease of GW activity at the top of the southern polar vortex and an accompanying shift of GW activity towards the subtropics in the mesosphere. We emulate this feature by two conceptionally different models, the Warner and McIntyre spectral parameterization scheme and the GROGRAT GW ray tracer. Both models indicate that saturation limits and GW breaking are the governing processes in creating this structure. Also, both models can well reproduce the global distributions except for two important points: (1) convectively generated GWs in the northern subtropics are largely underestimated; (2) northern hemisphere high latitude activity is grossly overestimated. These points indicate that GW distribution in general circulation models are not fully realistic. Refined measurements are required to constrain more realistic GW source distributions. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG I, Julich, Germany. USN, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Wuppertal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Preusse, P (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG I, Julich, Germany. EM p.preusse@fz-juelich.de RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013; Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013; Ern, Manfred/I-8839-2016 OI Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965; Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493; Ern, Manfred/0000-0002-8565-2125 NR 58 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 68 IS 15 BP 1730 EP 1751 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.10.019 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 101PH UT WOS:000241752200005 ER PT J AU Anderson, JR Barrett, SF Wilcox, MJ AF Anderson, Jeffrey R. Barrett, Steven F. Wilcox, Michael J. TI Segmentation method for three-dimensional visualization of microscopic objects imaged with a confocal laser scanning microscope SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article ID SETS AB Segmentation, or separating an image into distinct objects, is the key to creating 3-D renderings from serial slice images. This is typically a manual process requiring trained persons to tediously outline and isolate the objects in each image. We describe a template-based semiautomatic segmentation method to aid in the segmentation process and 3-D reconstruction of microscopic objects recorded with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The simple and robust algorithm is based on the creation of a userdefined object template, followed by automatic segmentation of the object in each of the remaining image slices. The user guides the process by selecting the initial image slice for the object template, and labeling the object of interest. The algorithm is applied to mathematically defined shapes to verity the performance of the software. The algorithm is then applied to biological samples, including neurons in the common housefly. It is the quest to further understand the visual system of the housefly that provides the opportunity to develop this segmentation algorithm. Further application of this algorithm may extend to other registered and aligned serial section datasets with high contrast objects. (c) 2006 SPIE and IS&T. C1 Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Anderson, JR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM janderso@uwyo.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 AR 043005 DI 10.1117/1.2372515 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 133GX UT WOS:000244002500017 ER PT J AU Jess, MP AF Jess, Penny TI An informal discussion of emergency nurses' current clinical practice: What's new and what works SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY NURSING LA English DT Editorial Material ID FAMILY PRESENCE C1 USAF, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Jess, MP (reprint author), 8822 Canvas Back, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. EM PLJESSRN@aol.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-1767 J9 J EMERG NURS JI J. Emerg. Nurs. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 32 IS 5 BP 424 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.jen.2006.05.015 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine; Nursing SC Emergency Medicine; Nursing GA 093CF UT WOS:000241144100015 PM 16997035 ER PT J AU George, TJ Shen, MHH Nicholas, T Cross, CJ AF George, Tommy J. Shen, M. H. Herman Nicholas, Theodore Cross, Charles J. TI A new multiaxial fatigue testing method for variable-amplitude loading and stress ratio SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 16-19, 2003 CL ATLANTA, GA SP ASME AB A new vibration-based multiaxial fatigue testing methodology for assessing high-cycle turbine engine material fatigue strength at various stress ratios is presented. The idea is to accumulate fatigue energy on a base-excited plate specimen at high-frequency resonant modes and to complete a fatigue test in a much more efficient way at very low cost. The methodology consists of (1) a topological design procedure, incorporating a finite element model, to characterize the shape of the specimens for ensuring the required stress state/pattern, (2) a vibration feedback empirical procedure for achieving the high-cycle fatigue experiments with variable-amplitude loading, and finally (3) a yielding procedure for achieving various uniaxial stress ratios. The performance of the methodology is demonstrated by the experimental results from mild steel, 6061-T6 aluminum, and Ti-6Al-4V plate specimens subjected to fully reversed bending for both uniaxial and biaxial stress states. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Aviat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, MHH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Aviat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM shen.1@osu.edu NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2006 VL 128 IS 4 BP 857 EP 864 DI 10.1115/1.1788687 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 091RI UT WOS:000241045600015 ER PT J AU Hall, RB Qi, HJ AF Hall, Richard B. Qi, H. Jerry TI Special issue on time dependent behavior in polymeric composites and their matrices - Preface SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hall, RB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Qi, H. Jerry/C-1588-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2006 VL 128 IS 4 SI SI BP 477 EP 477 DI 10.1115/1.2337527 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 102OA UT WOS:000241820400001 ER PT J AU Matthews, B Sylvie, JR Lee, SH Thomas, SR Chapman, RE Gibson, GE AF Matthews, Benjamin Sylvie, Jonathan R. Lee, Sang-Hoon Thomas, Stephen R. Chapman, Robert E. Gibson, G. Edward, Jr. TI Addressing security in early stages of project life cycle SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This article summarizes the first phase of a three-phase research effort to develop and deploy best practices for project security on industrial projects. It shows how to address security early in the project life cycle and its impacts on the capital facility delivery process. Three dimensions of security for capital projects are examined-physical, personnel, and information-and linked to the key concepts of threats, consequences, and vulnerability assessment. A select set of industry best practices provides the basis for integrating security into the project delivery process. This selection includes six best practices: (1) preproject planning; (2) alignment; (3) design effectiveness; (4) constructability; (5) materials management; and (6) planning for start-up. The article outlines the methodology for updating best practices to include security. It includes a brief description of each practice and documents the key updates for incorporating security-related considerations into the practice. Security implications for the project delivery process are provided as well as recommendations to industry. C1 USAF, Haslett, MI 48840 USA. USA, Austin, TX 78739 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Engn Technol, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78759 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Matthews, B (reprint author), USAF, 5793 Bayonne Ave, Haslett, MI 48840 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0742-597X J9 J MANAGE ENG JI J. Manage. Eng. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 196 EP 202 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2006)22:4(196) PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 088CT UT WOS:000240789800005 ER PT J AU Iarve, EV Mollenhauer, D Whitney, TJ Kim, R AF Iarve, E. V. Mollenhauer, D. Whitney, T. J. Kim, R. TI Strength prediction in composites with stress concentrations: classical Weibull and critical failure volume methods with micromechanical considerations SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Application of Weibull statistics to tensile strength prediction in laminated composites with open holes is revisited. Quasi-isotropic carbon fiber laminates with two stacking sequences [45/0/-45/90](s) and [0/45/90/45](s) with three different hole sizes of 2.54, 6.35 and 12.7 mm were considered for analysis and experimental examination. The first laminate showed 20% lower strength for smaller and 10% for the larger hole sizes. A novel critical failure volume (CFV) method with minimum scaling length constraint as well as the traditional Weibull integral method were applied. The strength prediction was based on the state of stress in the 0 ply by taking into account the redistribution of stress due to matrix damage in the form of splitting, delamination and matrix cracking of off axis plies. The state of matrix damage precipitating failure was recorded by using X-radiography and examined by a sectioning technique. The measured extent of damage was then included in a 3D stress analysis procedure by using a mesh independent crack modeling method to account for fiber direction stress redistribution. The CFV method gave results within one standard deviation from experimentally observed strength values for both laminates and all three hole sizes. The Weibull integral method underpredicted the strength in all cases from as much as 20-30% for smaller hole sizes to 8% for the large holes. The accuracy of failure predictions using CFV is attributed to the introduction of a minimum scaling length. This length has a physical meaning of the width of a process zone of formation of fiber macro-crack as a result of single fiber break interaction. Direct measurement or rigorous evaluation of this parameter is, however, difficult. Consistent with referenced micromechanical studies, its value was assigned equal to six times the Rosen's ineffective length. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iarve, EV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Ave, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM endel.iarve@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 41 IS 20 BP 6610 EP 6621 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0200-y PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 109XU UT WOS:000242343700008 ER PT J AU Westermann, EB AF Westermann, Edward B. TI Notes & comments - Response SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Westermann, EB (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 EI 1543-7795 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1102 EP 1103 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 091GK UT WOS:000241014900009 ER PT J AU Ortensie, RR AF Ortensie, R. Ray TI Contested borderland: The Civil War in Appalachian Kentucky and Virginia. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF, Valdosta, GA USA. RP Ortensie, RR (reprint author), USAF, Valdosta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1132 EP 1133 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0266 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 091GK UT WOS:000241014900032 ER PT J AU Budreau, LM AF Budreau, Lisa M. TI Combat archaeology: Material culture and modern conflict. SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI USA. RP Budreau, LM (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1180 EP 1181 DI 10.1353/jmh.2006.0227 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 091GK UT WOS:000241014900071 ER PT J AU Soref, RA Emelett, SJ Buchwald, AR AF Soref, Richard A. Emelett, Stephen J. Buchwald, Andwalter R. TI Silicon waveguided components for the long-wave infrared region SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE silicon; germanium; waveguides; far infrared; photonic integration; optoelectronics; silica; anti-resonant; Bragg; heterostructure; hollow core ID NITRIDE AB We propose that the operational wavelength of waveguided Si-based photonic integrated circuits and optoelectronic integrated circuits can be extended beyond the 1.55 mu m telecom range into the wide infrared from 1.55 to 100 mu m. The Si rib-membrane waveguide offers low-loss transmission from 1.2 to 6 mu m and from 24 to 100 mu m. This waveguide, which is compatible with Si microelectronics manufacturing, is constructed from silicon-on-insulator by etching away the oxide locally beneath the rib. Alternatively, low-loss waveguiding from 1.9 to 14.7 mu m is assured by employing a crystal Ge rib grown directly upon the Si substrate. The Si-based hollow-core waveguide is an excellent device that minimizes loss due to silicon's 6-24 mu m multi-phonon absorption. Here the rectangular air-filled core is surrounded by SiGe/Si multi-layer anti-resonant or Bragg claddings. The hollow channel offers less than 1.7 dB cm(-1) loss from 1.2 to 100 mu m. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Soref, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 18 TC 184 Z9 185 U1 2 U2 37 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 10 BP 840 EP 848 DI 10.1088/1464-4285/8/10/004 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104VT UT WOS:000241989400004 ER PT J AU Wellems, D Ortega, S Bowers, D Boger, J Fetrow, M AF Wellems, David Ortega, Steve Bowers, David Boger, Jim Fetrow, Matthew TI Long wave infrared polarimetric model: theory, measurements and parameters SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE long wave infrared; emitted and scattered polarization; microfacet; bidirectional reflectance distribution function; material parameters; roughness; unprepared surfaces ID EMISSIVITY AB Material parameters, which include the complex index of refraction, (n, k), and surface roughness, are needed to determine passive long wave infrared (LWIR) polarimetric radiance. A single scatter microfacet bi-direction reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is central to the energy conserving (EC) model which determines emitted and reflected polarized surface radiance. Model predictions are compared to LWIR polarimetric data. An ellipsometry approach is described for finding an effective complex index of refraction or (n, k) averaged over the 8.5-9.5 mu m wavelength range. The reflected S-3/S-2 ratios, where S-2 and S-3 are components of the Stokes (Born and Wolf 1975 Principles of Optics (London: Pergamon) p 30) vector, are used to determine (n, k). An imaging polarimeter with a rotating retarder is utilized to measure the Stokes vector. Effective (n, k) and two EC optical roughness parameters are presented for roughened glass and several unprepared, typical outdoor materials including metals and paints. A two parameter slope distribution function is introduced which is more flexible in modelling the source reflected intensity profiles or BRDF data than one parameter Cauchy or Gaussian distributions (Jordan et al 1996 Appl. Opt. 35 3585-90; Priest and Meier 2002 Opt. Eng. 41 992). The glass results show that the (n, k) needed to model polarimetric emission and scatter differ from that for a smooth surface and that surface roughness reduces the degree of linear polarization. C1 Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wellems, D (reprint author), Appl Technol Associates, 1300 Britt SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 8 IS 10 BP 914 EP 925 DI 10.1088/1464-4258/8/10/014 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104VT UT WOS:000241989400014 ER PT J AU Guarnieri, J Johnson, AW Swartz, SM AF Guarnieri, J. Johnson, A. W. Swartz, S. M. TI A maintenance resources capacity estimator SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE maintenance; defence studies; simulation; probability ID MODEL AB Combat aircraft operations are usually constrained by limits on the logistics resources available. However, models that can compute the logistics resources necessary to support planned combat aircraft activity typically are custom applications that are data-intensive and difficult to use. This paper introduces a method for the Argentine Air Force (AAF) to estimate the mean number of aircraft that can be restored in a given time between consecutive sorties, given specified maintenance resources and base physical geometry. This maintenance resources evaluation technique (MRET) uses an analytical approach to estimate the mean and variance of aircraft unscheduled downtime. These parameters are then used in a Monte Carlo simulation of scheduled and unscheduled maintenance tasks necessary to prepare aircraft for the next sortie. When programmed in a spreadsheet, the MRET combines a high response speed with a moderately detailed scenario description, making the model suitable for the AAF. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Argentine Air Force, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Johnson, AW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, ENS, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.Johnson@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0160-5682 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 57 IS 10 BP 1188 EP 1196 DI 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602101 PG 9 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 099IX UT WOS:000241588300005 ER PT J AU Colonna, G Capitta, G Capitelli, M Wysong, IJ Kennedy, FG AF Colonna, Gianpiero Capitta, Giulia Capitelli, Mario Wysong, Ingrid J. Kennedy, Fred G. TI Model for ammonia solar thermal thruster SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 38th Thermophysics Conference CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB This work is an attempt to investigate the nozzle expansion characteristics of a solar thruster that uses ammonia as the propellant. For this purpose we have developed a state-to-state kinetic model to study the dissociation of ammonia in a supersonic nozzle expansion. The properties of the thruster depend on the ammonia dissociation degree in the reservoir, which can be very far from equilibrium due to the very slow dissociation kinetics at the thruster working conditions (less than 2000 K). We have extended the calculation for higher temperatures (greater than 2500 K) where ammonia dissociation is higher. Because of the presence of some hydrogen atoms, non-Boltzmann distributions have been observed. C1 Univ Bari, Dipartimento Chim, I-70126 Bari, Italy. CNR, Ist Metodol Inorgan & Plasmi, I-70126 Bari, Italy. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate Div, Space & Missile Prop Div,Aerophys Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Colonna, G (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dipartimento Chim, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM colonna@ba.imip.cnr.it; jucapi@libero.it; mario.capitelli@ba.imip.cnr.it; ingrid.wysong@edwards.af.mil; fkennedy@darpa.mil RI Wysong, Ingrid/E-6592-2011; Colonna, Gianpiero/B-7553-2015 OI Wysong, Ingrid/0000-0003-0591-6862; Colonna, Gianpiero/0000-0002-4993-4838 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 772 EP 779 DI 10.2514/1.18380 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 098SX UT WOS:000241544200015 ER PT J AU Wierschke, KW Franke, ME Watts, R Ponnappan, R AF Wierschke, Kevin W. Franke, M. E. Watts, Roland Ponnappan, Rengasamy TI Heat dissipation with pitch-based carbon foams and phase-change materials SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 38th Thermophysics Conference CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The transient response of pitch-based carbon foam with an infiltrated phase-change material to a step temperature input is described. Pitch-based carbon foams exhibit high thermal conductivities and porosities up to 90%. This allows the possibility of infiltrating the foam with a relatively large volume of phase-change material. Phase-change thermal energy storage devices offer potential weight savings by allowing thermal control systems to use a smaller heat sink by absorbing the thermal energy quickly and storing it in the phase-change material. The thermal energy can then be released to a heat sink and the process repeated. Tests are conducted on samples of infiltrated foam. The results show the transient temperature response of the foam samples before, during, and after phase change. A theoretical prediction of the transient response is developed and,compared with the experimental results. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Power Div, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wierschke, KW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 865 EP 870 DI 10.2514/1.18463 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 098SX UT WOS:000241544200026 ER PT J AU Mackowski, D Reed, RA Hartsfield, BW AF Mackowski, Daniel Reed, R. A. Hartsfield, Ben W. TI Enhanced long-wavelength infrared extinction from soot agglomerates SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; PARTICLES; ABSORPTION; COEFFICIENTS C1 Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Mackowski, D (reprint author), Auburn Univ, 217 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM robert.reed@arnold.af.mil RI Mackowski, Daniel/K-1917-2013 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 BP 919 EP 921 DI 10.2514/1.13886 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 098SX UT WOS:000241544200032 ER PT J AU Gorrell, SE Car, D Puterbaugh, SL Estevadeordal, J Okiishi, TH AF Gorrell, Steven E. Car, David Puterbaugh, Steven L. Estevadeordal, Jordi Okiishi, Theodore H. TI An investigation of wake-shock interactions in a transonic compressor with digital particle image velocimetry and time-accurate computational fluid dynamics SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo-Expo 2005 CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID STATOR-ROTOR INTERACTIONS; INTERROW FLOW-FIELD; AXIAL COMPRESSOR; PERFORMANCE AB The effects of varying axial gap on the unsteady flow field between the stator and rotor of a transonic compressor stage are important because they can result in significant changes in stage mass flow rate, pressure rise, and efficiency. Some of these effects are analyzed with measurements using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) and with time-accurate simulations using the 3D unsteady Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics solver TURBO. Generally there is excellent agreement between the measurements and simulations, instilling confidence in both. Strong vortices of the wake can break tip the rotor bow shock and contribute to loss. At close spacing vortices are shed from the trailing edge of the upstream stationary blade row in response to the unsteady, discontinuous pressure field generated by the downstream rotor bow shock. Shed vortices increase in size and strength and generate more loss as spacing decreases, a consequence of the effective increase in rotor bow shock strength at the stationary blade row trailing edge. A relationship for the change in shed vorticity as a function of rotor bow shock strength is presented that predicts the difference between close and far spacing TURBO simulations. C1 AFRL, PRTF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gorrell, SE (reprint author), AFRL, PRTF, Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2006 VL 128 IS 4 BP 616 EP 626 DI 10.1115/1.2220049 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 095ZG UT WOS:000241346200003 ER PT J AU Liu, X Deng, Y Zeng, Z Udpa, L Knopp, JS AF Liu, X. Deng, Y. Zeng, Z. Udpa, L. Knopp, J. S. TI An element-free Galerkin model for simulating magneto-optic imaging for aerospace applications SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE element-free Galerkin technique; finite element technique; magneto-optic imaging; nondestructive testing; multilayer aircraft geometry AB The finite element technique has been employed intensively in modeling magneto-optical imaging of multilayer airframe structures and fasteners. However, the inclusion of a fastener hole with a tight crack results in a very dense finite element mesh. This paper introduces the use of the element free Galerkin technique in simulating magneto-optic imaging. The element free Galerkin technique relies on only a cloud of nodes and does not require a complex mesh to describe the domain. The efficacy of the element free Galerkin technique is demonstrated by comparing the model with those obtained using traditional finite element modeling, and validated with experimental images for three-dimensional magneto-optic imaging problems. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM liuxin2@msu.edu RI Deng, Yiming/B-3698-2010 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 64 IS 10 BP 1009 EP 1013 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 090MZ UT WOS:000240956700006 ER PT J AU Bullock, R Deckro, R AF Bullock, R. Deckro, R. TI Foundations for system measurement SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE system measurement; measurement frameworks; measurement guidelines ID MANAGEMENT AB A system can be defined as a set of elements that interacts with its environment, where relationships exist between the elements. Numerous disciplines in the sciences including physical, social, and behavioral, as well as the realms of engineering, business, and economics are concerned with objects, processes, and phenomenon that satisfy this generic, system definition. These fields and others have a need to understand systems within their domain. Key to understanding a system is being able to measure it. This paper presents fundamental concepts and an empirically feasible methodology for system measurement. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT ENS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bullock, R (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, AFIT ENS, Bldg 641,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Bullock@afit.edu NR 49 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 IS 8 BP 701 EP 709 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2006.03.009 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 074YR UT WOS:000239849000003 ER PT J AU Ko, SW Wu, WS Lin, JS Jang, SW Ran, F Pearton, S Fitch, R Gillespie, J AF Ko, Sangwon Wu, Wenhsing Lin, Jenshan Jang, Soohwan Ran, Fan Pearton, Stephen Fitch, Robert Gillespie, James TI A high efficiency class-F power amplifier using AlGaN/GaN HEMT SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE power amplifier; class-F power amplifier; Ga-N; high efficiency AB This paper reports the development of a high efficiency and compact power amplifier using an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). The class-F load network in microstrip topology was applied to a 0.75-mu m gate length and 300-mu m gate width AlGaN/GaN HEMT The 1 dB compression point of the output power was 24 dBm at 900 MHz. The peak power added efficiency of 38% was optimized at output power of 24.5 dBm, which is almost the same as the 1 dB compression point. (C) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Ko, SW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1955 EP 1957 DI 10.1002/mop.21832 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 072OG UT WOS:000239682100014 ER PT J AU Goertz, CMH Niemtzow, R Burns, SM Fritts, MJ Crawford, CC Jonas, WB AF Goertz, Christine M. H. Niemtzow, Richard Burns, Stephen M. Fritts, Matthew J. Crawford, Cindy C. Jonas, Wayne B. TI Auricular acupuncture in the treatment of acute pain syndromes: A pilot study SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; MANAGEMENT; COST AB This pilot study used a randomized controlled clinical trial design to compare the effects of standard emergency medical care to auricular acupuncture plus standard emergency medical care in patients with acute pain syndromes. Eighty-seven active duty military personnel and their dependents with a diagnosis of acute pain completed the study, which was conducted in the emergency room (ER) at Malcolm Grow Medical Center, Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland. The primary outcome measure was change in pain level from baseline, as measured by the Numerical Rating Scale. Participants in the acupuncture group experienced a 23% reduction in pain before leaving the ER, while average pain levels in participants in the standard medical care group remained basically unchanged. (p < 0.0005). However, both groups experienced a similar reduction in pain 24 hours following treatment in the ER. More research is needed to elucidate treatment effects and to determine mechanisms. C1 Samueli Inst Informat Biol, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Goertz, CMH (reprint author), Samueli Inst Informat Biol, 1700 Diagonal Rd,Suite 400, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. OI Goertz, Christine/0000-0002-4700-3669 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 171 IS 10 BP 1010 EP 1014 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 096JH UT WOS:000241372900017 PM 17076456 ER PT J AU Mocofanescu, A Shaw, KD AF Mocofanescu, A. Shaw, K. D. TI Stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugating long multimode optical fibers properties SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear optics; stimulated brillouin scattering; phase conjugation; fibers ID DIFFRACTION-LIMITED OUTPUT; MIRROR; AMPLIFIER; CLEANUP AB This paper describes and characterizes a detailed experiment that proves the phase conjugating properties of stimulated Brillouin scattering in multimode fibers (km of length), a problem still in debate in the literature, by studying the random aberrations correction abilities of this nonlinear interaction. Detailed qualitative and quantitative evaluation of aberration correction, by using the M-2 beam propagation ratio as a criterion to assess beam quality of the beams, proves the phase conjugation via SBS in long MM fibers. A new parameter to characterize the efficiency of the SBS phase conjugation process is proposed and conditions to obtain a complete healing of distortions (complete phase conjugation) are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DELO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Mocofanescu, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, EBRC 108, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM amocofanescu@rics.bwh.harvard.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 266 IS 1 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2006.04.079 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 091AP UT WOS:000240998200050 ER PT J AU Mendis, BG Mishin, Y Hartley, CS Hemker, KJ AF Mendis, B. G. Mishin, Y. Hartley, C. S. Hemker, K. J. TI Use of the Nye tensor in analyzing HREM images of bcc screw dislocations SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PEIERLS-NABARRO MODEL; CENTERED-CUBIC METALS; CORE STRUCTURE; SIMULATION; DEFORMATION; SYMMETRY; CRYSTALS; ALLOYS AB The Nye tensor characterizes the strength of infinitesimal dislocations at each point in a continuously dislocated crystal, and provides a measure of the Burgers vector and the extent of dislocation dissociation. The present work employs this description to analyze 1/2 < 111 > screw dislocations in bcc Mo obtained by Finnis-Sinclair, Bond Order Potential and first-principles simulations in an attempt to detect misfit in the core region. The spatial distribution and strength of the fractional dislocations are calculated and compared between the different simulated core structures. The Nye tensor technique is also applied to HREM images of end-on screw dislocations in Mo to detect the edge fractional dislocations predicted by simulation. The advantage of the Nye tensor for this purpose arises from its insensitivity to the Eshelby twist due to surface relaxation in a thin TEM foil ( this is not the case for the more conventional methods of depicting misfit, such as direct and differential displacement maps). Although the Eshelby twist was removed from the experimental HREM images, some residual, mottled contrast structure was observed in the Nye tensor plots. This contrast was found to be due to the experimental noise, which masks the true structure of the dislocation core and precludes experimental characterization of screw dislocations in Mo by HREM. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Hemker, KJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM hemker@jhu.edu RI Hemker, Kevin/A-3315-2010; Mishin, Yuri/P-2020-2015 NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD OCT-NOV PY 2006 VL 86 IS 29-31 BP 4607 EP 4640 DI 10.1080/14786430600660849 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 073PW UT WOS:000239756100007 ER PT J AU Amemiya, N Jiang, Z Yoda, K Kimura, F Levin, GA Barnes, PN AF Amemiya, N. Jiang, Z. Yoda, K. Kimura, F. Levin, G. A. Barnes, P. N. TI Comparison between measured and numerically calculated magnetization losses in multifilamentary YBCO coated conductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2005) CY OCT 24-25, 2005 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Int Superconductiv Technol Ctr DE AC loss; coated conductor; multifilament; YBCO ID AC LOSS; LOSS REDUCTION; STRIATED YBCO AB The measured magnetization losses of several kinds of multifilamentary YBCO coated conductors were compared with the theoretical values which were calculated using a two-dimensional FEM model for electromagnetic field analysis of coated conductors. Through the comparison between measured and numerically calculated coupling loss components, the transverse resistances between filaments were determined. The magnetization losses measured at various frequencies were discussed on, using these determined transverse resistances. The overall magnetization losses were calculated based on the determined transverse resistances and compared with the measured values to assess the validity of the numerical model. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Yokohama Natl Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. USAF, Res Lab, Propul Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Amemiya, N (reprint author), Yokohama Natl Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fac Engn, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. EM ame@rain.dnj.ynu.ac.jp RI Jiang, Zhenan/A-5158-2016; Amemiya, Naoyuki/G-2549-2012 OI Jiang, Zhenan/0000-0002-3482-3510; Amemiya, Naoyuki/0000-0002-3000-864X NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2006 VL 445 SI SI BP 707 EP 711 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2006.05.009 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 090PV UT WOS:000240964100165 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Yepez, J Cory, DG AF Chen, Zhiying Yepez, Jeffrey Cory, David G. TI Simulation of the Burgers equation by NMR quantum-information processing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION AB We report on the implementation of Burgers equation as a type-II quantum computation on a NMR quantum-information processor. Since the flow field evolving under the Burgers equation develops sharp features over time, this is a better test of liquid-state NMR implementations of type-II quantum computers than the previous examples using the diffusion equation. In particular, we show that Fourier approximations used in the encoding step are not the dominant error. Small systematic errors in the collision operator accumulate and swamp all other errors. We propose, and demonstrate, that the accumulation of this error can be avoided to a large extent by replacing the single collision operator with a set of operators with random errors and similar fidelities. Experiments have been implemented on 16 two-qubit sites for eight successive time steps for the Burgers equation. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Chen, ZY (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jeffrey.yepez@hanscom.af.mil NR 11 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 042321 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.042321 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100044 ER PT J AU Yepez, J AF Yepez, Jeffrey TI Open quantum system model of the one-dimensional Burgers equation with tunable shear viscosity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-GAS MODEL; UNITARY CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; SPONTANEOUS LOCALIZATION; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; MECHANICS; REPRESENTATION; COMPUTATION; DYNAMICS; REDUCTION AB Presented is an analysis of an open quantum model of the time-dependent evolution of a flow field governed by the nonlinear Burgers equation in one spatial dimension. The quantum model is a system of qubits where there exists a minimum time interval in the time-dependent dynamics. Each temporally discrete unitary quantum-mechanical evolution is followed by state reduction of the quantum state. The mesoscopic behavior of this quantum model is described by a quantum Boltzmann equation with a naturally emergent entropy function and H theorem and the model obeys the detailed balance principle. The macroscopic-scale effective field theory for the quantum model is derived using a perturbative Chapman-Enskog expansion applied to the linearized quantum Boltzmann equation. The entropy function is consistent with the quantum-mechanical collision process and a Fermi-Dirac single-particle distribution function for the occupation probabilities of the qubit's energy eigenstates. Comparisons are presented between analytical predictions and numerical predictions and the agreement is excellent, indicating that the nonlinear Burgers equation with a tunable shear viscosity is the operative macroscopic scale effective field theory. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM Jeffrey.Yepez@hanscom.af.mil NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2006 VL 74 IS 4 AR 042322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.74.042322 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 101EX UT WOS:000241723100045 ER PT J AU Chappelle, W Lumley, V AF Chappelle, Wayne Lumley, Vicki TI Outpatient mental health care at a remote US air base in southern Iraq SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE US air base; Iraq; outpatient mental health care ID STRESS-CONTROL UNITS; MILITARY; WAR AB The following article is a comprehensive description and utilization study of a United States Air Force outpatient mental heath clinic at a remote air base in southern Iraq over a 10-month period (November 2003-August 2004). The purpose of the article is to address several salient issues that include a description of the clinic and psychological services (i.e., intake and triage, hospitalization, aeromedical evacuations, and follow-up care), utilization data from the clinic regarding military personnel (soldiers and airmen) seeking mental health care, as well as implications and recommendations to military mental health providers who are serving or preparing for deployment on the front line. The results of the study aim to inform mental health providers of prominent mental health issues on the battlefield rather than rely on assumptions or historical data that may not generalize to more recent events. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Div Clin Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. Elmendorf AFB, Alcohol & Drug Abuse Prevent & Treatment Program, Elmendorf, AK 99506 USA. RP Chappelle, W (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Div Clin Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. EM wayne.chappelle@brooks.af.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC/EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 37 IS 5 BP 523 EP 530 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.37.5.523 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 093DU UT WOS:000241148500014 ER PT J AU Antonsen, EL Burton, RL Reed, GA Spanjers, GG AF Antonsen, Erik L. Burton, Rodney L. Reed, Garrett A. Spanjers, Gregory G. TI Fast surface temperature measurement of Teflon propellant-in-pulsed ablative discharges using HgCdTe photovoltaic cells SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MICROPULSED PLASMA THRUSTER AB High-speed mercury cadmium telluride photovoltaic detectors, sensitive to infrared emission, are investigated as a means of measuring surface temperature on a microsecond time frame during pulsed ablative discharges with Teflon T as the ablated material. Analysis is used to derive a governing equation for detector output voltage for materials with wavelength dependent emissivity. The detector output voltage is experimentally calibrated against thermocouples embedded in heated Teflon. Experimental calibration is performed with Teflon that has been exposed to similar to 200 pulsed discharges and non-plasma-exposed Teflon and is compared to theoretical predictions to analyze emissivity differences. The diagnostic capability is evaluated with measurements of surface temperature from the Teflon propellant of electric micropulsed plasma thrusters. During the pulsed current discharge, there is insufficient information to claim that the surface temperature is accurately measured. However, immediately following the discharge, the postpulse cooling curve is measured. The statistical spread of postpulse surface temperature from shot to shot, most likely due to arc constriction and localization, is investigated to determine an operational envelope for postpulse temperature and mass ablation. This information is useful for determining postpulse ablation contributions to mass loss as well as evaluation of theoretical discharge models currently under development. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Antonsen, EL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM eantonse@uiuc.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 103107 DI 10.1063/1.2360781 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800008 ER PT J AU Ruden, EL Zhang, SY Wurden, GA Intrator, TP Renneke, R Waganaar, WJ Analla, FT Grabowski, TC AF Ruden, E. L. Zhang, Shouyin Wurden, G. A. Intrator, T. P. Renneke, R. Waganaar, W. J. Analla, F. T. Grabowski, T. C. TI Multichord optical interferometry of FRX-L's field reversed configuration SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION; ROTATIONAL INSTABILITIES; PLASMA AB A 0.633 mu m laser interferometer provides detailed time resolved information about the spatial distribution of the plasma density of field reversed configurations (FRC's) produced by the FRX-L experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This experiment is an effort to produce a magnetized plasma with closed field lines suitable for compression by a solid metal liner imploded by the Shiva Star capacitor bank at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The interferometer probes a fanned array of eight chords through the FRC midplane, measuring the line integrated free electron density via its effect on optical phase shift relative to eight reference beams as a function of time. The reference beams are given nominally identical optical paths, except that they are folded for compactness and given an 80 MHz higher optical frequency by use of a Bragg cell beam splitter. After the beams are recombined, interference results in 80 MHz electromagnetic beat waves with dynamic phase shifts equal to those of the corresponding optical probes. Quadrature mixing of the electronically monitored light is then performed with rf components. Noteworthy features of the interferometer's design are the unique compact folding scheme of the reference paths, inclusion of a fused quartz tube in the reference path similar to that of the FRC's vacuum vessel to compensate for cylindrical lensing, and transmission of the interfering light via optical fibers to a rf shielded room for processing. Extraneous contributions to the phase shift due to vibration resulting from the system's pulsed magnetic field, and dynamic refractive changes in or near the fused quartz tube wall (possibly due to radiation heating) are corrected for. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM edward.ruden@kirtland.af.mil RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 77 IS 10 AR 103502 DI 10.1063/1.2354568 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 101EU UT WOS:000241722800012 ER PT J AU King, MM Rasnake, MS Rodriguez, RG Riley, NJ Stamm, JA AF King, Melissa M. Rasnake, Mark S. Rodriguez, Rechell G. Riley, Nancy J. Stamm, Jason A. TI Peripherally inserted central venous catheter-associated thrombosis: Retrospective analysis of clinical risk factors in adult patients SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th Annual Scientific Assembly of the Southern-Medical-Association CY NOV 10-13, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP So Med Assoc DE thrombosis; peripherally inserted central catheter; PICC; DVT ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; CANCER-PATIENTS; WARFARIN; PLACEMENT; PORTS; CHEST AB Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are common venous access devices. Clinical conditions and therapies that increase the risk of PICC-associated thrombosis have not been studied. Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control analysis of all adult patients who underwent placement of a PICC at our hospital over a three-year period (n = 1296). Clinical variables examined were indication for PICC placement, active cancer treatment, history of DVT, diabetes mellitus, and use of prophylactic anticoagulation. Results: The overall incidence of PICC-associated DVT was 2% (n = 27). Active cancer therapy was significantly associated with PICC-associated DVT (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.3-9.8). The use of prophylactic anticoagulation did not reduce this risk. Conclusions: Patients who suffered a PICC-associated DVT were more likely to be undergoing treatment for cancer. This risk was not lowered by the use of prophylactic anticoagulation. These results suggest a need for prospective studies on effective anticoagulation for patients at high risk for PICC-associated DVT. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Stamm, JA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,759th MDOS MMIM, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Jason.Stamm@lackland.af.mil NR 21 TC 23 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0038-4348 EI 1541-8243 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 99 IS 10 BP 1073 EP 1077 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 134GZ UT WOS:000244072800009 PM 17100027 ER PT J AU Varanasi, CV Barnes, PN Burke, J Brunke, L Maartense, I Haugan, TJ Stinzianni, EA Dunn, KA Haldar, P AF Varanasi, Chakrapani V. Barnes, P. N. Burke, J. Brunke, L. Maartense, I. Haugan, T. J. Stinzianni, E. A. Dunn, K. A. Haldar, P. TI Flux pinning enhancement in YBa2Cu3O7-x films with BaSnO3 nanoparticles SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; PROGRESS; MELT AB Nanoparticles of BaSnO3 were incorporated into YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films on LaAlO3 substrates for magnetic flux pinning enhancements. More than an order of magnitude improvement in the high field magnetization J(c) at 6 T at 77 K was observed as compared to regular YBCO films. The irreversibility field (H-irr) was increased to 8.5 T at 77 K and to 13.4 T at 65 K. The in-field transport current measurements confirmed an order of magnitude improvement in high fields. The angular dependence of the Jc data at 1 T showed that J(c)H vertical bar vertical bar c is 1.3 times higher than J(c)H vertical bar vertical bar ab indicating the presence of c-axis correlated defects. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the presence of a large density of uniformly distributed similar to 10 nm sized BaSnO3 precipitates and strain fields around them. A dual sector pulsed laser deposition target is used to produce the films, thus eliminating reactions between BaSnO3 and YBCO during the target preparation stage, but may allow the BaSnO3 to react locally and create defects that act as pinning centres. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Varanasi, CV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 20 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 19 IS 10 BP L37 EP L41 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/10/L01 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 093GP UT WOS:000241156600001 ER PT J AU Mowle, TS AF Mowle, Thomas S. TI Iraq's militia problem SO SURVIVAL LA English DT Article AB Militias in Iraq were not effectively demobilised or disarmed because the American occupation forces did not apply lessons from previous experience. The United States did not develop a comprehensive plan for addressing all armed groups, but tried to disarm groups before a full political settlement was reached and accepted, and did not include a neutral arbiter such as the United Nations. Militia disarmament thus failed in Iraq. The failure to apply lessons from the past was compounded by the fact that demobilisation was attempted in a situation where no group fully accepted either the occupation government or the nascent Iraqi state. This failure allowed Iraqi security institutions to be infected by paramilitary groups, heightening the extent of civil conflict. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mowle, TS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0039-6338 J9 SURVIVAL JI Survival PD OCT PY 2006 VL 48 IS 3 BP 41 EP + DI 10.1080/00396330600905528 PG 20 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 076RY UT WOS:000239976600003 ER PT J AU Bartha, BB Nicholas, T Farris, TN AF Bartha, B. B. Nicholas, T. Farris, T. N. TI Modeling of geometry effects in fretting fatigue SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fretting Fatique CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE fretting fatigue; contact mechanics; thin strip ID CONTACT; CRACK; TI-6AL-4V; THICKNESS AB The stress field that results from two bodies in contact is an important aspect that governs the fretting fatigue behavior of materials. Applied loads as well as contact geometries influence the contact stresses. The profile of an indenter and the boundary conditions provide sufficient information from which the surface tractions and the corresponding subsurface stresses have been calculated in a semi-infinite halfspace using singular integral equations. In this investigation, a numerical subroutine was developed to calculate the surface tractions and the corresponding surface and subsurface stresses of an arbitrary finite thickness infinite plate subjected to loading through a random indenter. The results from the detailed stress analysis of the contact region are required by both an initiation and fracture mechanics approach. While initiation criteria involving stress gradient fields, such as sharp notches and edges of contact in fretting fatigue, are not well established or agreed upon, stress intensity factor calculations using tools such as weight functions are more reliable. The stress intensity analysis, which is used to determine whether an initiated crack will continue to grow if it is above the threshold, depends on many variables in the stress analysis such as pad and specimen geometry, loading configuration and friction coefficient. The contact stress analysis has been used to determine equivalent stress parameters that are related to the initiation of a crack. Similarly the numerical subroutine for the contact stresses is used in conjunction with the stress intensity analysis to determine the influence of the geometry, loading configuration and friction coefficient on the stress intensity factor. Results from high-cycle fretting fatigue experiments are used to determine the threshold stress intensity factor for a given configuration. The combination of the numerical and experimental analysis is then used to develop a tool for high-cycle fretting fatigue based on a threshold approach involving a go-no go criterion. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFI,ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bartha, BB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bence.bartha@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X EI 1879-2464 J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 IS 10 SI SI BP 1131 EP 1141 DI 10.1016/j.triboint.2006.02.003 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 078FZ UT WOS:000240089200017 ER PT J AU Golden, PJ Calcaterra, JR AF Golden, P. J. Calcaterra, J. R. TI A fracture mechanics life prediction methodology applied to dovetail fretting SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fretting Fatique CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE fracture mechanics; fatigue crack growth; fretting fatigue; dovetail; Ti-6Al-4V ID STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; WEIGHT-FUNCTIONS; FATIGUE; TI-6AL-4V; CRACK; CONTACTS AB This work evaluates a fracture mechanics based crack growth life prediction methodology for dovetail fretting fatigue laboratory experiments. The Ti-6Al-4V specimens were configured with angles of 35 degrees, 45 degrees and 55 degrees. Experiments were conducted with constant amplitude loading at R of 0.1 and 0.5 with lives ranging from 100,000 to 10 million cycles. The approach included the contact loads and bulk stress calculated from the finite element method as inputs to the stress and life analysis. Contact stresses were calculated using the contact stress analysis software CAPRI. These stresses were input into a stress intensity factor calculation at the edge of contact. Crack propagation life was calculated from an assumed initial crack size. Analysis showed that propagation consumes a majority of the total life and is insensitive to a large range of initial crack sizes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Golden, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.golden@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 IS 10 SI SI BP 1172 EP 1180 DI 10.1016/j.triboint.2006.02.006 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 078FZ UT WOS:000240089200022 ER PT J AU Hutson, A Lee, H Mall, S AF Hutson, Alisha Lee, Hyukjae Mall, Shankar TI Effect of dissimilar metals on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fretting Fatique CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE fretting fatigue; titanium; aluminum; nickel-based superalloys; Hertzian contact; FEA ID CONTACT AB An investigation was conducted to explore fretting fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V specimens in contact with pads of varying composition. Four conditions were selected to provide a range of compositions: Ti-6Al-4V (with two surface finishes), aluminum and nickel. Behavior against each pad condition was evaluated for two pad geometries (cylinder-on-flat, blended flat-on-flat) in two separate test fixtures. Experiments were conducted with varying applied fatigue stresses and contact forces. Applied clamping stresses for the flat-on-flat pads were similar to 200 and similar to 650 MPa. For the cylinder-on-flat geometry, forces were selected to provide Hertzian peak pressures of 292 and 441 MPa. The coefficient of friction, mu, was quantified and pad surfaces were characterized through hardness and composition evaluation. Finite element analyses of the test fixtures were conducted to assess variations in the stress fields. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Adv Mat Characterizat Grp, Struct Integ Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. RP Hutson, A (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Adv Mat Characterizat Grp, Struct Integ Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM alisha.hutson@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 IS 10 SI SI BP 1187 EP 1196 DI 10.1016/j.triboint.2006.02.008 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 078FZ UT WOS:000240089200024 ER PT J AU Hutson, A Sathish, S Nicholas, T AF Hutson, Alisha Sathish, Shamachary Nicholas, Ted TI Progression of fretting fatigue damage in Ti-6Al-4V SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fretting Fatique CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE fretting fatigue; Ti-6Al-4V; damage characterization; TEM; SEM; residual stress ID ON-FLAT CONTACT; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; INITIATION; BEHAVIOR AB An investigation was conducted to explore the nature of fretting fatigue damage in the stages prior to crack formation. In the unique experimental apparatus employed in this study, where total slip never occurs, several locations on each test specimen exist where cracks can develop due to local contact conditions. Under the test conditions used, not all of the sites had cracks upon test completion. This study evaluated the condition of non-cracked sites on several fretted specimens in an effort to identify differences between these and sites where small cracks were observed. A single test condition of 620 MPa average applied static clamping stress and 250 MPa applied axial fatigue stress for R = 0.5 was selected, which corresponds to a fretting fatigue life of 107 cycles based on prior work. For specimens tested to 106 cycles, or 10% of life, several destructive and non-destructive characterization methods were chosen: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), residual stress measurement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Each site at which crack nucleation could be expected was inspected in the SEM and was then characterized using surface X-ray diffraction to quantify the residual stresses field near that location. Then TEM foils were cut from one area on a specimen with tiny cracks and dislocation densities were observed. A novel technique was used which permitted TEM samples to be obtained from regions in close proximity on the original specimen. Comparisons were made between as-received (AR) and stress-relief annealed (SRA) specimens, on which the stress-relief was applied prior to fretting fatigue testing. SEM inspection was useful for qualitative analysis of wear debris and identification of cracks as small as 20 pm, but was unable to provide quantitative data on the level of fretting fatigue damage beyond crack size. Although differences were noted in the residual stresses for the SRA versus the AR specimens, no residual stress peaks were noted in the edge of contact regions where cracks would eventually develop. TEM observations in the vicinity of the crack nucleation region showed that the dislocation structure decayed rapidly into the specimen thickness. The cause of the dislocations was attributed to plastic deformation caused by the clamping stresses. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Adv Mat Characterizat Grp, Struct Integ Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hutson, A (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Adv Mat Characterizat Grp, Struct Integ Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM alisha.hutson@wpafb.af.mil NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 IS 10 SI SI BP 1197 EP 1205 DI 10.1016/j.triboint.02.009 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 078FZ UT WOS:000240089200025 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S AF Lee, Hyukjae Mall, Shankar TI Investigation into effects and interaction of various fretting fatigue variables under slip-controlled mode SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Fretting Fatique CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE fretting fatigue; relative slip; shot peening; titanium alloy ID INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; TI-6AL-4V; BEHAVIOR; STRESS AB Fretting fatigue behavior of unpeened and shot-peened Ti-6Al-4V was investigated using a dual-actuator test setup which was capable of applying an independent pad displacement while maintaining a constant cyclic load on the specimen. The fretting regime was identified based on the shape of the hysteresis loop of tangential force versus relative slip range and the evolution of normalized tangential force. The fretting regime changed from stick to partial slip and then to gross slip with increasing relative slip range, and the transition from partial to gross slip occurred at a relative slip range of 50-60 mu m regardless of the applied cyclic load, surface treatment, contact load and contact geometry. The fretting fatigue life initially decreased as the relative slip range increased and reached a minimum value, and then increased with increase of the relative slip range due to the transition in fretting regime from partial slip to gross slip. Shot-peened specimens had longer fatigue life than unpeened specimens at a given relative slip range, but the minimum fatigue life was found to be at the same value of relative slip range for both shot-peened and unpeened specimens. Tangential force was directly related to relative slip and this relationship was independent of other fretting variables. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Andong Natl Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Andong 760749, Gyungbuk, South Korea. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 39 IS 10 SI SI BP 1213 EP 1219 DI 10.1016/j.triboint.2006.02.011 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 078FZ UT WOS:000240089200027 ER PT J AU Dickrell, PL Pal, SK Bourne, GR Muratore, C Voevodin, AA Ajayan, PM Schadler, LS Sawyer, WG AF Dickrell, P. L. Pal, S. K. Bourne, G. R. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. Ajayan, P. M. Schadler, L. S. Sawyer, W. G. TI Tunable friction behavior of oriented carbon nanotube films SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; coefficient of friction; micro-tribology; engineered surfaces AB Measured friction coefficients of carbon nanotubes vary widely from mu < 0.1-mu > 1.0 [1-6], while theoretical studies suggest intrinsically high friction coefficients, approaching unity [7]. Here we report that measured friction coefficients of MWNT films are strong functions of surface chemistry and temperature, but are not dependent on the presence of water vapor. We hypothesize that the origin of the temperature dependence arises from the interaction of the surface chemical groups on the nanotubes [8-12] and rubbing counterface. The friction coefficient of individual films can be easily tuned by changing the surface temperature and chemistry of either the countersurface or the nanotubes, we have demonstrated the ability to create and control high and low friction pairs through plasma treatments of the nanotube films with argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. This behavior is completely reversible, and when coupled with the superior strength, thermal, and electrical properties of nanotubes, provides a versatile tunable, multifunctional tribological system. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dickrell, PL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pld@ufl.edu RI Sawyer, Wallace/A-7983-2008; Bourne, Gerald/B-7219-2008; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 OI Sawyer, Wallace/0000-0002-4461-7227; Bourne, Gerald/0000-0001-6977-2138; NR 30 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 EI 1573-2711 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD OCT PY 2006 VL 24 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s11249-006-9162-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 099GK UT WOS:000241581100011 ER PT J AU Pineda, AC Karna, SP AF Pineda, Andrew C. Karna, Shashi P. TI (Hyper)polarizabilities of isolated GaN nanoclusters SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM-ARSENIDE CLUSTERS; NONLINEAR OPTICAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES; SMALL GAAS CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES; POLARIZABILITIES; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA AB The linear and nonlinear polarizabili ties of hydrogen-terminated Ga-m NnHx (m = n = 1, 4, 7, 17) clusters have been calculated by the ab initio time-dependent Hartree-Fock method. The calculated linear polarizability per Ga-N unit for the Ga17N17H38 cluster shows excellent agreement with the corresponding value estimated from the measured dielectric constant of bulk GaN. The calculated (hyper)polarizabilities show a strong dependence upon the size and the geometry of the cluster. For clusters containing equal numbers of Ga and N atoms but differing in geometry, the structure with a reduced symmetry has a much larger first-order NLO coefficient than that with a higher symmetry. Published by Elsevier B.V.. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Performance Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Karna, SP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM andrew.pineda@kirtland.af.mil; karna@us.army.mil RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 29 PY 2006 VL 429 IS 1-3 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.07.067 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 091HV UT WOS:000241018800032 ER PT J AU Svalgaard, L Cliver, EW AF Svalgaard, L. Cliver, E. W. TI Reply to the comment by M. Lockwood et al. on "The IDV index: Its derivation and use in inferring long-term variations of the interplanetary magnetic field" SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Easy ToolKit Inc, Houston, TX 77055 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, VSBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Svalgaard, L (reprint author), Easy ToolKit Inc, 6927 Lawler Ridge, Houston, TX 77055 USA. EM leif@leif.org NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A9 AR A09110 DI 10.1029/2006JA011678 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 088RT UT WOS:000240829500006 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Haji-saeed, B Pyburn, D Sengupta, SK Kierstead, J AF Khoury, Jed Woods, Charles L. Haji-saeed, Bahareh Pyburn, Dana Sengupta, Sandip K. Kierstead, John TI Diffractive element design for resonant scanner angular correction SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We propose an optical corrective element with zooming capability to convert nonlinear sinusoidal scanning into linear scanning. Such a device will be useful for linearizing the angular scan of a resonant mirror scanner. The design methodology is to create a graded index of refraction device as the reference design, with its index of refraction parameters based on the propagation of an electromagnetic field in inhomogeneous media. The algorithm for converting this refractive element to the corresponding binary diffractive version is also presented. Design and simulation data are shown. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Dept Phys, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM jed.khoury@hanscom.af.mil NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 27 BP 6897 EP 6902 DI 10.1364/AO.45.006897 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 089MX UT WOS:000240885800001 PM 16946762 ER PT J AU Smith, BD Haffty, BG Buchholz, TA Smith, GL Galusha, DH Bekelman, JE Gross, CP AF Smith, Benjamin D. Haffty, Bruce G. Buchholz, Thomas A. Smith, Grace L. Galusha, Deron H. Bekelman, Justin E. Gross, Cary P. TI Effectiveness of radiation therapy in older women with ductal carcinoma in situ SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CONSERVING SURGERY; SURGICAL ADJUVANT BREAST; SEER-MEDICARE DATA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CLINICAL COMORBIDITY INDEX; CLAIMS DATA; CANCER; AGE; DCIS; RADIOTHERAPY AB Background: For women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), radiation therapy after conservative surgery lowers the risk of recurrence. However, emerging evidence suggests that radiation therapy confers only a marginal absolute benefit for older women with DCIS. In a cohort of older women with DCIS, we sought to determine whether radiation therapy was associated with a clinically significant benefit. Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) - Medicare database from January 1, 1992, through December 31, 1999, we identified 3409 women aged 66 years or older treated with conservative surgery for DCIS. A proportional hazards model tested whether radiation therapy was associated with a lower risk of a combined outcome, defined as a subsequent ipsilateral in situ or invasive breast cancer reported by SEER and/or a subsequent mastectomy reported by Medicare claims. The 5-year event risk was determined for patients without and with high-risk features, which were defined as at least one of the following: age 66-69 years, tumor larger than 2.5 cm, comedo histology, and/or high grade. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Radiation therapy was associated with a lower risk for each component of the combined outcome (hazard ratio = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24 to 0.44). For high-risk patients, the 5-year event risk was 13.6% without radiation therapy versus 3.8% with radiation therapy (difference = 9.8%, 95% CI = 6.5 to 13.2; P < .001). For low-risk patients, the 5-year event risk was 8.2% without radiation therapy versus 1.0% with radiation therapy (difference = 7.2%, 95% CI = 3.6 to 10.9; P < .001). Among healthy women aged 66-79 years, the number needed to treat with radiation therapy to prevent one event in 5 years was 11 for high-risk patients and 15-16 for low-risk patients. Conclusion: For older women with DCIS, radiation therapy appears to confer a substantial benefit that remains meaningful even among low-risk patients. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Therapeut Radiol, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Radiat Oncol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM bensmith@alumni.rice.edu OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 FU NIA NIH HHS [P30AG21342, 1 K08 AG24842]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM07205] NR 58 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 98 IS 18 BP 1302 EP 1310 DI 10.1093/jnci/djj359 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 101EG UT WOS:000241721100010 PM 16985249 ER PT J AU Adams, WW Farmer, BL Cheng, SZD AF Adams, W. Wade Farmer, Barry L. Cheng, Stephen Z. D. TI Ronald K. Eby - Obituary SO POLYMER LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Akron, Coll Polymer Sci & Polymer Engn, Maurice Morton Inst, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Coll Polymer Sci & Polymer Engn, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Adams, WW (reprint author), Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RI Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 20 BP 6925 EP 6926 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.08.011 PG 2 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 097BM UT WOS:000241421300001 ER PT J AU Wu, JH Phillips, BS Jiang, WP Sanders, JH Zabinski, JS Malshe, AP AF Wu, J. -H. Phillips, B. S. Jiang, Wenping Sanders, J. H. Zabinski, J. S. Malshe, A. P. TI Bio-inspired surface engineering and tribology of MoS2 overcoated cBN-TiN composite coating SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE cBN-TiN coatings; biomimetic; tumbling; MoS2; sliding ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; BIOLOGICAL SURFACES; SLIDING BEHAVIOR; THIN-FILMS; WEAR; LOTUS AB A hybrid deposition technique, i.e., electrostatic spray coating (ESC) followed by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), was used to synthesize cubic boron nitride and titanium nitride (cBN-TiN) hard composite coatings. The as-prepared coatings have a surface texture similar to that of lotus leaf. The "valleys" embossed inside the biomimetic surface structure served as nano-/micro-reservoirs of solid lubricant particles of MoS2, sized from nano- to submicron in diameter. MoS2 particles were applied to coating surfaces by a tumbling method. The tumbled solid lubricant particles covered all surface structures, leading to a smoother coating surface (or reduced average surface roughness R-a). Tribological tests were carried out for the coatings both before and after tumbling. Sliding results suggest that the tumbled cBN-TiN coating has a significantly lower coefficient of friction. Effectiveness of the tumbled lubricant layer decreased with increasing testing temperature, as indicated by sliding results at elevated temperatures. Worn coating surfaces and pin scars were characterized using surface protilometer, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), focus ion beam, Raman spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The tumbled MoS2 layer is responsible for friction reduction during dry sliding at different temperature conditions. Sliding induced reorientation of the MoS2 platelets is correlated with the lubrication mechanism. Oxidation caused degradation of MoS2 at higher temperatures, which is consistent with the frictional behavior at elevated temperatures. It is suggested that the biomimetic surface structure is effective for entrapping application-specific solid lubricant particles. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Mat & Mfg Res Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLBT, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NanoMech LLC, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Malshe, AP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Mat & Mfg Res Lab, MEEG 204,863 W Dickson St, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM apm2@engr.uark.edu NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD SEP 20 PY 2006 VL 261 IS 5-6 BP 592 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2006.01.027 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 087TU UT WOS:000240766100015 ER PT J AU Rezendes, A AF Rezendes, Allison TI One world, one health, one medicine SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Hlth Protect Conference, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 6 BP 892 EP 893 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 084KM UT WOS:000240531800007 ER PT J AU Liu, GJ Fruhberger, B Schuller, IK Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ AF Liu, Ge Joseph Fruhberger, Bernd Schuller, Ivan K. Haugan, Heather J. Brown, Gail J. TI Quantitative structural characterization of InAs/GaSb superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID II SUPERLATTICES; INTERFACE; GROWTH; MULTILAYERS; DETECTORS AB Molecular beam epitaxy grown InAs/GaSb superlattices, containing InSb-like interfacial layers, were analyzed by a combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and structural refinement. The superlattice refinement from x rays (SUPREX) method determines with high accuracy the average thicknesses and d spacings of the individual InAs and GaSb layers in addition to standard structural parameters usually obtained by XRD, such as the modulation length (periodicity), average out-of-plane interplanar spacings, and total thickness. The combined SUPREX/XRD experiments show that the absence of certain odd order satellite features in the x-ray data is due to asymmetric and inhomogeneous lattice strain. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM geliu@physics-mail.ucsd.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 6 AR 063536 DI 10.1063/1.2353732 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 089JL UT WOS:000240876600055 ER PT J AU Maskaly, KR Hsiao, VKS Cartwright, AN Prasad, PN Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ Carter, WC AF Maskaly, Karlene Rosera Hsiao, Vincent K. S. Cartwright, Alexander N. Prasad, Paras N. Lloyd, P. F. Bunning, Timothy J. Carter, W. Craig TI Experimental verification of the applicability of the homogenization approximation to rough one-dimensional photonic crystals using a holographically fabricated reflection grating SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BANDGAP AB The theoretical reflectance spectrum of a one-dimensional photonic crystal with large amounts of interfacial roughness has been calculated using a previously proposed method, and compared to the actual experimental reflectivity of the structure. The photonic crystal was fabricated using a simple and fast method involving the holographic exposure of a liquid crystal/photosensitive prepolymer syrup via the self-interference patterns from two laser beams. The calculated reflectance spectrum for this structure matched the experimental one extremely well, giving very similar reflectivity peak positions and intensities. Slight discrepancies between the two reflectance spectra are attributed to either small variations in the microstructure of the reflection grating beyond that which is captured in the transmission electron micrograph, or the dispersion of the polymer which was not taken into account. These results serve as experimental verification of the theory for rough photonic crystals reported previously. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Maskaly, KR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM karlene@alum.mit.edu; anc@buffalo.edu RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008; Carter, W/K-2406-2012 OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036; NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 6 AR 066103 DI 10.1063/1.2336346 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 089JL UT WOS:000240876600139 ER PT J AU Newell, PT Sotirelis, T Liou, K Meng, CI Rich, FJ AF Newell, P. T. Sotirelis, T. Liou, K. Meng, C. -I. Rich, F. J. TI Cusp latitude and the optimal solar wind coupling function SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; LOW-ALTITUDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; POLAR CUSP; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; DIPOLE TILT; PLASMA; MAGNETOPAUSE; RECONNECTION; MODEL AB [ 1] Previous work has established that the linear correlation of the low-altitude particle cusp latitude with the southward component of the IMF is about 0.70. Several possibly better candidate functions for determining the coupling between the magnetosphere and the solar wind have been advanced, but none have been evaluated in terms of the cusp, which is a site of direct solar wind - magnetosphere interaction. On the basis of 11 years of DMSP satellite particle data from 1984 - 1994 ( with verification from the subsequent 11 years, 1995 - 2005), we find that the best solar wind - magnetosphere coupling function involves electric field dimensions, such as the half wave rectifier (vBs) and the Kan-Lee electric field (E(KL) = vB(T) sin(2)(theta(c)/2), where theta(c) is the IMF clock angle). Both the half wave rectifier (r = 0.77) and the Kan-Lee ( r = 0.78) functions have a linear correlation with cusp latitude which is noticeably better than the B(z) function used in previous work, and also better than the epsilon parameter (epsilon = vB(2) sin(4)(theta(c)/2)). However, the best correlation is with a function whose clock angle dependence is intermediate between the pure half wave rectifier ( which implies no merging for B(z) > 0) and the Kan-Lee function. Namely, E(WAV) = vB(T) sin(4)(theta(c)/2) correlates with cusp latitude at the r = 0.81 level. This latter clock angle dependence has been previously suggested at various times by J. R. Wygant, by S.- I. Akasofu, and by V. M. Vasyliunas. The improved result holds for both the equatorward and poleward edge of the cusp, and regardless of how the IMF is propagated. Earlier work on cross polar cap potentials and on nightside auroral luminosity also favored the E(WAV) function, which in combination with our findings suggests a widely applicable result. Dayside merging is thus clearly not purely component driven, as the half wave rectifier formula implies. These results also suggest, albeit less convincingly, that merging shuts down for increasingly northward IMF more rapidly than the Kan-Lee electric field implies. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Newell, PT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM patrick.newell@jhuapl.edu RI Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A9 AR A09207 DI 10.1029/2006JA011731 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 086BH UT WOS:000240647600007 ER PT J AU Bai, ZW Durstock, MF Dang, TD AF Bai, Zongwu Durstock, Michael F. Dang, Thuy D. TI Proton conductivity and properties of sulfonated polyarylenethioether sulfones as proton exchange membranes in fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sulfonated polyarylenethioether sulfone (SPTES) copolymer; proton conductivity; proton exchange membrane (PEM); membrane electrode assembly (MEA); fuel cells ID COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS; SYSTEMS AB A series of high molecular weight proton exchange membrane (PEM) materials, based on sulfonated polyarylenethioether sulfone (SPTES) copolymers, has been developed utilizing an all aromatic polymer backbone with bulky organic endcaps, along with a high sulfonic acid content that enhances water retention and high temperature application. The SPTES copolymers containing up to two sulfonic acid units per polymer repeat unit are expected to maximize the membrane water uptake as well as the proton conductivity. The evaluation of these PEMs resulted in a wide variation of proton conductivities in the range of 100-215 mS/cm at 65 degrees C and 85% relative humidity; the measured proton conductivities were found to be temperature and humidity dependent. This new class of SPTES copolymer materials for PEMs has been demonstrated to be superior to the state-of-the-art Nafion membranes with respect to proton conductivity as well as high temperature PEM use. Crown Copyright (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Dang, TD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Zongwu.Bai@wpafb.af.mil; thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 1-2 BP 508 EP 516 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.04.021 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 079WE UT WOS:000240207800054 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Anderson, KL Farmer, BL AF Pandey, R. B. Anderson, Kelly L. Farmer, B. L. TI Multiscale dynamics of an interacting sheet by a bond-fluctuating Monte Carlo simulation SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bond-fluctuating membrane; clay platelet; Monte Carlo; tethered membrane; wrinkles and crumpling ID AVOIDING TETHERED MEMBRANES; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CONFORMATION; SURFACES; POLYMERS AB The conformation and dynamics of sheets with attractive and repulsive node-node interactions (nn) are examined in an effective solvent medium using Monte Carlo simulations. A bond-fluctuating coarse grained description is used to model the sheet by a set of nodes (N) tethered together by flexible bonds in a planar structure with linear scale L-s = 16-64, N = L-s(2) on a cubic lattice with characteristic dimensions of L-3 = 64(3)-200(3). Variations of the mean square displacement of the center of mass of the sheet (R-c(2)) and that of its center node (R-n(2)) and radius of gyration (R-g) of the sheet with the time step (t) are analyzed to characterize the nature of its global motion, segmental dynamics, and conformational relaxation at a low (T = 2) and a high (T = 10) temperature with the range (r = root 8) of interaction nn = 1, -1. We find that sheets achieve their global diffusive motion, that is, R-c(2) proportional to t, in the long-time (asymptotic) regime while their C segmental dynamics exhibits a range of power-law behavior R-n(2) proportional to t(nu) with v = 1/4-1 from short to long-time regimes. The magnitude of the exponent nu and their crossover (and relaxation) from one power-law to the next depend on temperature, interaction, and molecular weight N of the sheet. The radius of gyration of the sheet relaxes well to its equilibrium with its distinct patterns of expansion (swelling with relatively stiffer bonds (nn = -1)) and contraction (crumpling with nn = -1). Both the relaxation time and the rate of change of R-g depends on N, L-s, and T Data for the equilibrium value of the gyration radius scale with its size R-g proportional to N-1/2 suggesting that sheets remain nearly flat with localized wrinkles and crumpling. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Corp Modeling & Simulat, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Farmer, BL (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 18 BP 2512 EP 2523 DI 10.1002/polb.20903 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 081EN UT WOS:000240300100003 ER PT J AU Roberts, ML Temple, MA Mills, RF Raines, RA AF Roberts, M. L. Temple, M. A. Mills, R. F. Raines, R. A. TI Interference suppression characterisation for spectrally modulated, spectrally encoded signals SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The interference suppression capability of spectrally modulated, spectrally encoded (SMSE) signals is characterised for multiple channels containing partial band interference. The recently-introduced SMSE analytic framework is well-suited for software defined radio applications where coexistence and interference suppression (avoidance) is essential. Performance improvement is demonstrated using adaptive interference suppression within the SMSE framework over a wide range of interference-to-signal power ratios. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roberts, ML (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 14 PY 2006 VL 42 IS 19 BP 1103 EP 1104 DI 10.1049/el:20061708 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 099QM UT WOS:000241610400023 ER PT J AU Bontha, S Klingbeil, NW Kobryn, PA Fraser, HL AF Bontha, Srikanth Klingbeil, Nathan W. Kobryn, Pamela A. Fraser, Hamish L. TI Thermal process maps for predicting solidification microstructure in laser fabrication of thin-wall structures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser deposition; solidification microstructure; titanium; Rosenthal solution; finite elements ID DEPOSITED TI-6AL-4V; COMPONENTS AB The ability to predict and control microstructure in laser-deposited materials requires an understanding of the thermal conditions at the onset of solidification. To this end, the focus of this work is the development of thermal process maps relating solidification cooling rate and thermal gradient (the key parameters controlling microstructure) to laser deposition process variables (laser power and velocity). Attention is restricted to thin-wall deposits, which are commonly manufactured using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS (TM)) and other small-scale laser deposition techniques. The approach employs the 2D Rosenthal solution for a moving point heat source traversing a semi-infinite substrate, which has been previously used in the literature to guide the development of process maps for controlling melt pool size and residual stress. In the current study, cooling rates and thermal gradients at the onset of solidification are numerically extracted from the 2D Rosenthal solution throughout the depth of the melt pool, and results are plotted on dimensionless process maps for predicting solidification microstructure. Results suggest that changes in laser power and velocity can have a substantial effect on solidification cooling rate and thermal gradient, which depending on the material system could have a significant effect on the resulting microstructure. Results are further plotted on solidification maps for predicting grain morphology specifically in Ti-6Al-4V, and the effects of laser power and velocity on trends in grain morphology are discussed. Although the Rosenthal predictions neglect the nonlinear effects of temperature-dependent properties and latent heat of transformation, a comparison with 2D nonlinear thermal finite element (FEM) results suggests that they can provide reasonable estimates of trends in grain morphology. In particular, both the Rosenthal and FEM results indicate a trend from columnar toward mixed/equiaxed microstructure with increasing laser incident energy, which is in keeping with recent experimental observations of thin-wall Ti-6Al-4V deposits. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Drectorate, AFRL,MLSC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Klingbeil, NW (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 209 Russ Engn,3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM nathan.klingbeil@wright.edu NR 30 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD SEP 14 PY 2006 VL 178 IS 1-3 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.155 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 079GR UT WOS:000240164400020 ER PT J AU Castle, KJ Kleissas, KM Rhinehart, JM Hwang, ES Dodd, JA AF Castle, Karen J. Kleissas, Katherine M. Rhinehart, Justin M. Hwang, Eunsook S. Dodd, James A. TI Vibrational relaxation of CO2(nu(2)) by atomic oxygen SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; CO2 15-MU-M EMISSION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; RATE CONSTANTS; INFRARED EMISSIONS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; EXCITED OZONE AB [ 1] In the Earth's upper atmosphere, collisions with ambient O atoms efficiently excite the CO2 [00(0)0] vibrational ground-state population to the first excited, [01(1)0] or nu(2), vibrational bend state. Subsequent relaxation of the nu(2) population occurs through spontaneous emission of 15-mu m radiation. Much of this radiation escapes into space, thereby removing ambient kinetic energy from the atmosphere. This cooling mechanism is especially important at altitudes between the mesopause and the lower thermosphere, approximately 80 - 120 km, where the O-atom density is relatively high and the kinetic temperature is rising. Laboratory measurements have been performed to better characterize the CO2(nu(2))-O vibrational relaxation rate coefficient k(O)(nu(2)). A 266-nm laser pulse photolyzed trace amounts of O-3 in a CO2- O-3-rare gas mixture, simultaneously creating O atoms and raising the gas temperature to create a nonequilibrium CO2 vibrational distribution. Transient diode laser absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor CO2 vibrational level population reequilibration. A global nonlinear least squares fitting technique was used to interpret the kinetic data, yielding k(O)(nu(2)) = (1.8 +/- 0.3) x 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1). The result is in good agreement with previous laboratory measurements, with published k(O)(nu(2)) values in the (1.2 - 1.5) x 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1) range and at the low end of the (2 - 6) x 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1) range estimated from the analysis of upper atmospheric data. C1 Bucknell Univ, Dept Chem, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Stewart Radiance Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Castle, KJ (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Chem, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM james.dodd@hanscom.af.mil NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 13 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A9 AR A09303 DI 10.1029/2006JA011736 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 086BE UT WOS:000240647300001 ER PT J AU Berne, C Betancor, L Luckarift, HR Spain, JC AF Berne, Cecile Betancor, Lorena Luckarift, Heather R. Spain, Jim C. TI Application of a microfluidic reactor for screening cancer prodrug activation using silica-immobilized nitrobenzene nitroreductase SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI NITROREDUCTASE; ENZYME STABILIZATION; GENE-THERAPY; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; MAGNESIUM-SILICATE; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; PURIFICATION; DERIVATIVES; SUPPORTS; PROTEIN AB The nitroreductase-catalyzed conversion of a strong electron-withdrawing nitro group to the corresponding electron-donating hydroxylamine is useful in a variety of biotechnological applications. Activation of prodrugs for cancer treatments or antibiotic therapy are the most common applications. Here, we show that a bacterial nitrobenzene nitroreductase (NbzA) from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 activates the dinitrobenzamide cancer prodrug CB1954 and the proantibiotic nitrofurazone. NbzA was purified by affinity chromatography and screened for substrate specificity with respect to prodrug activation. To facilitate screening of alternate potential prodrugs, polyethyleneimine-mediated silica formation was used to immobilize NbzA with high immobilization yields and high loading capacities. Greater than 80% of the NbzA was immobilized, and enzyme activity was significantly more stable than NbzA in solution. The resulting silica-encapsulated NbzA was packed into a microfluidic microreactor that proved suitable for continuous operation using nitrobenzene, CB1954, and the proantibiotic nitrofurazone. The flow-through system provides a rapid and reproducible screening method for determining the NbzA-catalyzed activation of prodrugs and proantibiotics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Berne, Cecile/D-7193-2013 NR 45 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2631 EP 2636 DI 10.1021/bm060166d PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 082QW UT WOS:000240403300024 PM 16961327 ER PT J AU Fletcher, ST Chaplin, WJ Elsworth, Y Schou, J Buzasi, D AF Fletcher, S. T. Chaplin, W. J. Elsworth, Y. Schou, J. Buzasi, D. TI Frequency, splitting, linewidth and amplitude estimates of low-l p modes of alpha Cen A: analysis of Wide-Field Infrared Explorer photometry SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; stars : oscillations ID CENTAURI-B; SOLAR; ROTATION; OSCILLATIONS; VELOCITY; SUN AB We present results of fitting the 50-d time series of photometry of alpha Cen A taken by the Wide-Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE) satellite in 1999. Both power spectrum and autocovariance function (ACF) fitting techniques were used in an attempt to determine mode frequencies, rotational splittings, lifetimes and amplitudes of low-l p modes. In all, using both techniques, we managed to fit 18 modes (seven l = 0, eight l= 1 and three l = 2) with frequencies determined to within 1-2 mu Hz. These estimates are shown to be 0.6 +/- 0.3 mu Hz lower, on average, than the frequencies determined from two other more recent studies, which used data gathered about 19 months after the WIRE observations. This could be indicative of an activity cycle, although due to the large uncertainty, more data would be needed to confirm this. Over a range of 1700-2650 mu Hz, we were also able to use the ACF fitting to determine an average lifetime of 3.9 +/- 1.4 d, and an average rotational splitting of 0.54 +/- 0.22 mu Hz, which is the first ever reliable estimate of this parameter. In contrast to the ACF, the power spectrum fitting was shown to return significantly biased results for these parameters. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fletcher, ST (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, POB 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM stfletch@bison.ph.bham.ac.uk NR 21 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD SEP 11 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 2 BP 935 EP 944 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.206.10727.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 079TQ UT WOS:000240201200039 ER PT J AU Minch, BA Smith, AP Taylor, BE Durstock, MF AF Minch, Britt A. Smith, Adam P. Taylor, Barney E. Durstock, Michael F. TI Phthalocyanines and azaphthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, and applications in photovoltaics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Minch, Britt A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, UES INC, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Adam P.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, UES INC, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Taylor, Barney E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Durstock, Michael F.] USAF, Polymer Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 67-AEI BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600030 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Patnaik, SS Pachter, R Naik, RR Farmer, BL AF Heinz, Hendrik Patnaik, Soumya S. Pachter, Ruth Naik, Rajesh R. Farmer, Barry L. TI Force fields for inorganic components in hybrid systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Heinz, Hendrik; Patnaik, Soumya S.; Pachter, Ruth; Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ Biotechnol Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 332-COMP BP 53 EP 53 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604049 ER PT J AU Birnkrant, M McWilliams, H Li, C Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ AF Birnkrant, Michael McWilliams, Hilary Li, Christopher Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Sutherland, Richard L. Bunning, Timothy J. TI PMSE 149-Enhancing coatings for scratch resistance using nano metal oxide additives SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Birnkrant, Michael; McWilliams, Hilary; Li, Christopher] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Birnkrant, Michael; McWilliams, Hilary; Li, Christopher] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Sutherland, Richard L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 359-PMSE BP 274 EP 274 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781700267 ER PT J AU Agrawal, A Goltz, MN Pallavi, K Phillips, DL Welling, MD Stevens, MR AF Agrawal, Abinash Goltz, Mark N. Pallavi, Krishna Phillips, D. Landon Welling, Matthew D. Stevens, Mark R. TI Application of catalytic reduction by palladium and formic acid: Bench-scale treatment of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, nitroaromatic compounds and nitrate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Agrawal, Abinash] Wright State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Goltz, Mark N.] USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, AFIT ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pallavi, Krishna] Shaw Environm Inc, Irving, TX 75062 USA. [Stevens, Mark R.] McGuire AFB, AMW PO 305, McGuire AFB, NJ 08641 USA. RI Agrawal, Abinash/B-8048-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 70-ENVR BP 705 EP 705 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781604636 ER PT J AU Holwitt, E Franz, V AF Holwitt, Eric Franz, Veronica TI Detection of 8-nitroguanine in calf thymus DNA produced by a Fenton-like reaction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Holwitt, Eric] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL HEPC, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Franz, Veronica] Conceptual Mindworks Inc, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 108-BIOL BP 819 EP 819 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781600722 ER PT J AU Balster, LM Chelgren, SK Strobel, EM Vangsness, MD Bowen, L AF Balster, Lori M. Chelgren, Sarah K. Strobel, Ellen M. Vangsness, Marlin D. Bowen, Loryn TI PETR 157-DNA analysis of microbial contaminants in jet fuel SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Balster, Lori M.; Vangsness, Marlin D.; Bowen, Loryn] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Chelgren, Sarah K.; Strobel, Ellen M.] USAF, Res Lab, PRTG, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 157-PETR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781605617 ER PT J AU Batschelet, MW Batschelet, WH AF Batschelet, Margaret W. Batschelet, William H. TI CINF 125-Perchlorate and the press: Reporting on ambiguity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Batschelet, Margaret W.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Commun, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Batschelet, William H.] USAF, Ctr Environm Excellence, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 125-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781603033 ER PT J AU Beckel, ER Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Wofford, JM Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ AF Beckel, Eric R. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Wofford, Jeremy M. Sutherland, Richard L. Bunning, Timothy J. TI POLY 526-Electro-optical study of polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beckel, Eric R.; Wofford, Jeremy M.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Sutherland, Richard L.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 526-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701261 ER PT J AU Berman, MR AF Berman, Michael R. TI PHYS 78-Chemistry in extreme environments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Berman, Michael R.] USAF, Chem & Life Sci Directorate, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 78-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781609562 ER PT J AU Colorado, R Crouse, CA Ogrin, D Anderson, RE Maruyama, B Pender, MJ Smalley, RE Barron, AR AF Colorado, Ramon, Jr. Crouse, Christopher A. Ogrin, Doug Anderson, Robin E. Maruyama, Benji Pender, Mark J. Smalley, Richard E. Barron, Andrew R. TI INOR 536-Comparison of iron complexes, clusters, and colloids as catalyst precursors for single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Colorado, Ramon, Jr.; Crouse, Christopher A.; Ogrin, Doug; Anderson, Robin E.; Smalley, Richard E.; Barron, Andrew R.] Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Maruyama, Benji; Pender, Mark J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 536-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781606704 ER PT J AU Dressler, RA AF Dressler, Rainer A. TI PHYS 79-Hyperthermal reaction dynamics in the environment of low-earth orbiting spacecraft SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dressler, Rainer A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL VSBXT, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 79-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781609282 ER PT J AU Dudis, DS Ryan, JJ Yeates, AT AF Dudis, Douglas S. Ryan, James J. Yeates, A. T. TI POLY 389-Bronstead acid base behavior of conjugated materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dudis, Douglas S.; Ryan, James J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yeates, A. T.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Polymer Branch AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 389-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701464 ER PT J AU Fajardo, ME Lewis, WK AF Fajardo, Mario E. Lewis, William K. TI PHYS 632-Progress towards a Benchtop Energetics capability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fajardo, Mario E.; Lewis, William K.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, AFRL MNME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 632-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781609424 ER PT J AU Han, SW Oh, SJ Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Han, Sang-Wook Oh, Se-Jin Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI POLY 113-Purification and functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) in a mild polyphosphoric acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Han, Sang-Wook; Oh, Se-Jin; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 113-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701392 ER PT J AU Henderson, WA Young, VG DeLong, H Trulove, P AF Henderson, Wesley A. Young, Victor G., Jr. DeLong, Hugh Trulove, Paul TI PHYS 103-An exploration of why ionic liquids are liquid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Henderson, Wesley A.; Trulove, Paul] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Young, Victor G., Jr.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Xray Crystallog Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [DeLong, Hugh] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 103-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781609005 ER PT J AU Holwitt, E Franz, V AF Holwitt, Eric Franz, Veronica TI MEDI 539-A quantum dot DNA aptamer linked system for detecting proteins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Holwitt, Eric] USAF, AFRL HEPC, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Franz, Veronica] Conceptual Mindworks Inc, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 539-MEDI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781607479 ER PT J AU Iacono, ST Budy, SM Mabry, JM Smith, DW AF Iacono, Scott T. Budy, Stephen M. Mabry, Joseph M. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. TI POLY 535-Low surface energy silsesquioxane perfluorocyclobutane polymer composites as lotus leaf mimics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Iacono, Scott T.; Budy, Stephen M.; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, COMSET, Adv Mat Res Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] AFRL PRSM, AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 535-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701001 ER PT J AU Jeon, IY Park, SY Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Jeon, In Yup Park, Soo-Young Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI POLY 112-Grafting of linear and hyperbranched flexible polyetherketones onto the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotube SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jeon, In Yup; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Park, Soo-Young] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 112-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701393 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Hong, LG Venkatasubramanian, N Grant, J Wiacek, KJ Fries-Carr, S Enlow, JO Bunning, TJ AF Jiang, Hao Hong, Lianggou Venkatasubramanian, N. Grant, John Wiacek, Kevin J. Fries-Carr, Sandra Enlow, Jesse O. Bunning, Timothy J. TI POLY 84-The structure and dielectric properties of plasma-polymerized benzene and OFCB thin films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jiang, Hao] MSTA, AFRL MLPJ, Dayton, OH 45458 USA. [Hong, Lianggou] MSTA, AFRL PR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Venkatasubramanian, N.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Grant, John] AFRL, MLP, UDRI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fries-Carr, Sandra] AFRL PRPE, Prop Directorate, Elect Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Enlow, Jesse O.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] AFRL MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 84-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701403 ER PT J AU Largo, SR Moore, BM Mabry, JM Haddad, TS AF Largo, Sherly R. Moore, Brian M. Mabry, Joseph M. Haddad, Timothy S. TI POLY 543-Reactivity ratios of cyclohexyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-styrene with styrene monomer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Largo, Sherly R.; Moore, Brian M.; Haddad, Timothy S.] USAF, ERC Inc, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 543-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701312 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Choi, JY Cho, DH Kim, D Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Lee, Hwa-Jeong Choi, Ja-Young Cho, Dong-Hwan Kim, Do Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI POLY 108-Multiwall carbon nanotubes/thermoplastic polyester elastomers nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, Hwa-Jeong; Choi, Ja-Young; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Cho, Dong-Hwan; Kim, Do] SamYang Corp, Taejon, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 108-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701397 ER PT J AU Leungsakul, T Johnson, G Wood, TK AF Leungsakul, Thammajun Johnson, Glenn Wood, Thomas K. TI BIOT 18-Protein engineering of 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol monooxygenase from Burkholderia sp strain DNT for enhanced degradation of nitroaromatics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Leungsakul, Thammajun; Wood, Thomas K.] Texas A&M Univ, Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leungsakul, Thammajun; Wood, Thomas K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Leungsakul, Thammajun; Wood, Thomas K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Environm Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Johnson, Glenn] USAF, Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 18-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781601545 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM Vij, A Viers, BD AF Mabry, Joseph M. Vij, Ashwani Viers, Brent D. TI POLY 619-Ultrahydrophobicity and molecular surface roughness in fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (FluoroPOSS) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mabry, Joseph M.; Viers, Brent D.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Vij, Ashwani] USAF, Res Lab, HEDM Synth Grp PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 619-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701249 ER PT J AU Marcischak, JC Suri, SC AF Marcischak, Jacob C. Suri, Suresh C. TI ORGN 930-Environmentally benign approach for 1,2,3-triazole-based ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marcischak, Jacob C.; Suri, Suresh C.] USAF, PRSP, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 930-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781608587 ER PT J AU Olejniczak, A Vij, A Katrusiak, A AF Olejniczak, Anna Vij, Ashwani Katrusiak, Andrzej TI INOR 1031-1,2-Dihalotetrafluoroethanes: Novel pressure induced "self-healing" crystallization techniques SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Olejniczak, Anna; Katrusiak, Andrzej] Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Crystallog, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. [Vij, Ashwani] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSP, Edwards Afb, CA 93523 USA. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 1031-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781607820 ER PT J AU Pender, MJ Hartgerink, J Stone, MO Naik, RR AF Pender, Mark J. Hartgerink, Jeffrey Stone, Morley O. Naik, Rajesh R. TI PRES 45-Interfacial control of SWNTs with multifunctional peptides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pender, Mark J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hartgerink, Jeffrey] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Stone, Morley O.] AFRL MLPJ, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Biotechnol Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Hartgerink, Jeffrey/G-4275-2016 OI Hartgerink, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3186-5395 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 45-PRES PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781605762 ER PT J AU Suri, SC Marcischak, JC AF Suri, Suresh C. Marcischak, Jacob C. TI ORGN 469-Microwave synthesis of substituted 1,2,3-triazoles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Suri, Suresh C.; Marcischak, Jacob C.] USAF, PRSP, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 469-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781608077 ER PT J AU Tomczak, MM Luckarift, HR Smith, H Brott, LL Johnson, G Naik, RR AF Tomczak, Melanie M. Luckarift, Heather R. Smith, Helen Brott, Lawrence L. Johnson, Glenn Naik, Rajesh R. TI COLL 490-Biomimetic methods for enzyme encapsulation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tomczak, Melanie M.; Smith, Helen; Brott, Lawrence L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPJ Biotechnol Grp, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 490-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781603123 ER PT J AU Vaghjiani, GL Mills, JD AF Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L. Mills, Jeffrey D. TI PHYS 631-Hypergolic fuel research SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L.; Mills, Jeffrey D.] USAF, AFRL PRSP, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 631-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781609086 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Miller, TM Troe, J AF Viggiano, Albert A. Miller, Thomas M. Troe, Juergen TI PHYS 127-New approaches for understanding plasma kinetics: Laboratory experiments and analysis by unimolecular rate theory SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Viggiano, Albert A.; Miller, Thomas M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Afb, MA 07131 USA. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 127-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781609116 ER PT J AU Vij, A Linantonio, R Meyer, F Metrangolo, P Resnati, G Pilati, T Bartoszak-Adamska, E Jaskolski, M AF Vij, Ashwani Linantonio, Rosalba Meyer, Franck Metrangolo, Pierangelo Resnati, Giuseppe Pilati, Tullio Bartoszak-Adamska, Elzbieta Jaskolski, Mariusz TI FLUO 6-1,2-Dihalotetrafluoroethane/benzene as versatile synthons in supramolecular "Legoland" architecture SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vij, Ashwani] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSP, Edwards Afb, CA 93523 USA. [Linantonio, Rosalba; Meyer, Franck; Metrangolo, Pierangelo; Resnati, Giuseppe] Politecn Milan, Dept Chem, I-20131 Milan, Italy. [Pilati, Tullio] Univ Milan, CNR, ISTM, I-20131 Milan, Italy. [Bartoszak-Adamska, Elzbieta; Jaskolski, Mariusz] Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Crystallog, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Resnati, Giuseppe/C-8650-2011; Metrangolo, Pierangelo/D-4106-2011 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Resnati, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0797-9296; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 6-FLUO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602837 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Baek, JB Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Baek, Jong Beom Tan, Loon Seng TI POLY 87-Grafting of a hyperbranched poly(ether-ketone) onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes via an AB2 monomer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, David H.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Baek, Jong Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chungbuk 361763, South Korea. [Tan, Loon Seng] USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 87-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701305 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Marsh, T Mather, PT Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Marsh, Timothy Mather, Patrick T. Tan, Loon Seng TI POLY 191-Improved monomer synthesis for poly(arylene-ether-ketone-imide) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, David H.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Marsh, Timothy; Mather, Patrick T.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Tan, Loon Seng] USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 191-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701213 ER PT J AU White, T Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Lloyd, P Bunning, TJ Guymon, CA AF White, Timothy Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Lloyd, Pamela Bunning, Timothy J. Guymon, C. Allan TI POLY 702-Influence of thiol-ene polymer evolution on the formation and performance of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [White, Timothy; Guymon, C. Allan] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Seamans Ctr 4133, Iowa City, IA 52245 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Lloyd, Pamela] UES, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 702-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DC UT WOS:000207781701416 ER PT J AU Williams, S AF Williams, Skip TI ANYL 189-Ultrasensitive absorption measurements of metastable species SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Williams, Skip] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 189-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781601150 ER PT J AU Xu, K Josyula, E AF Xu, Kun Josyula, Eswar TI Gas-kinetic scheme for rarefied flow simulation SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dynamics in Comples Systems CY AUG 22-26, 2005 CL Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, JAPAN SP 21st Century COE Program Res & Educ Complex Funct Mech Syst, Kyoto Univ Fdn, Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn HO Kyoto Univ DE rarefied flow; shock structure; BGK model ID SHOCK-WAVES AB For increasingly rarefied flowfields, the predictions from continuum formulation, such as the Navier-Stokes equations lose accuracy. These inaccuracies are attributed primarily to the linear approximations of the stress and heat flux terms in the Navier-Stokes equations. The inclusion of higher order terms, such as Burnett, or high-order moment equations, could improve the predictive capabilities of such continuum formulations, but there has been limited success in the shock structure calculations, especially in the high Mach number case. Here, after reformulating the viscosity and heat conduction coefficients appropriate for the rarefied flow regime, we will show that the extended Navier-Stokes-type continuum formulation may still be properly used. The equations with generalized dissipative coefficients based on the closed solution of the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model of the Boltzmann equation, are solved using the gas-kinetic numerical scheme. (c) 2006 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM makxu@ust.hk RI Xu, Kun/F-7627-2011; OI Xu, Kun/0000-0002-3985-739X NR 4 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD SEP 9 PY 2006 VL 72 IS 2-6 BP 253 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.matcom.2006.05.028 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 082EQ UT WOS:000240369900035 ER PT J AU Day, PN Nguyen, KA Pachter, R AF Day, Paul N. Nguyen, Kiet A. Pachter, Ruth TI Calculation of two-photon absorption spectra of donor-pi-acceptor compounds in solution using quadratic response time-dependent density functional theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BRIDGE NITROGEN INSERTION; EXCITED SINGLET-STATE; CROSS-SECTIONS; FLUORENE DERIVATIVES; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; ONE-PHOTON; CHROMOPHORES; MOLECULES; EXCHANGE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Linear and quadratic response time-dependent density functional theories have been applied to calculate the photophysical properties of donor-pi-acceptor molecules which are known to have large nonlinear absorption. The linear absorption and two-photon absorption spectra predicted using hybrid functionals, including the Coulomb-attenuated model, with continuum solvation models are reported and compared to experiment and to previous theoretical predictions. While the quadratic response with these functionals overestimated the TPA cross sections relative to experiment when a Gaussian linewidth function was used, a fairly good agreement was obtained when a Lorentzian linewidth function was applied. In addition, the comparison of the TPA cross sections calculated by the sum over states with those calculated by the two-state approximation indicates the importance of the higher energy states in TPA, particularly in nondegenerate experiments. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Day, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.day@wpafb.af.mil; ruth.pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 67 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 7 PY 2006 VL 125 IS 9 AR 094103 DI 10.1063/1.2338031 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 081XS UT WOS:000240351500006 PM 16965068 ER PT J AU McDonald, SE Basu, S Basu, S Groves, KM Valladares, CE Scherliess, L Thompson, DC Schunk, RW Sojka, JJ Zhu, L AF McDonald, Sarah E. Basu, Sunanda Basu, Santimay Groves, Keith M. Valladares, Cesar E. Scherliess, Ludger Thompson, Donald C. Schunk, Robert W. Sojka, Jan J. Zhu, Lie TI Extreme longitudinal variability of plasma structuring in the equatorial ionosphere on a magnetically quiet equinoctial day SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F; DRIFT VELOCITY; SCINTILLATIONS; SATELLITE; MISSION; SECTOR; DYNAMO; RADAR AB [ 1] We investigate the extreme longitudinal variability of equatorial scintillation under quiet magnetic conditions during 22 - 23 March 2002. Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA) observations show intense activity in the South American - Atlantic sector during local evening hours, whereas an absence of scintillation is seen in the far east Asian sector. Ground- and space-based measurements from SCINDA, the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI), TOPEX, and a chain of GPS receivers are used in combination with the Utah State University Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (USU-GAIM) model to explore the relationship between the large-scale ionization distribution and small-scale irregularities at low latitudes in both the scintillating and nonscintillating longitude sectors. Our analysis shows that there are significant differences in the evolution of the ionization distributions during the evening hours, which are likely the result of differences in the daytime and postsunset vertical plasma drift in the two sectors. This study demonstrates the importance of USU-GAIM as a new tool for investigating longitudinal as well as day-to-day variability that is observed in the large-scale distribution of the ionosphere and how this relates to the occurrence of scintillation. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP McDonald, SE (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, 4555 Overlook Ave, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sarah.mcdonald@nrl.navy.mil RI Scherliess, Ludger/A-7499-2016 OI Scherliess, Ludger/0000-0002-7388-5255 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP 6 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 6 AR RS6S24 DI 10.1029/2005RS003366 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 083AZ UT WOS:000240429600001 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Yandek, GR Wright, ME Petteys, BJ Quintana, R Connor, D Gilardi, RD Marchant, D AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Yandek, Gregory R. Wright, Michael E. Petteys, Brian J. Quintana, Roxanne Connor, Dan Gilardi, Richard D. Marchant, Darrell TI A new silicon-containing bis(cyanate) ester resin with improved thermal oxidation and moisture resistance SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PHASE-SEPARATION; EPOXY-RESIN; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLY(ETHER SULFONE); FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; POLYETHERIMIDE; NANOCOMPOSITES; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMERIZATION AB A new cyanate ester monomer was prepared from bis(4-cyanatophenyl) dimethylsilane (SiMCy) and fully characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The monomer was found to have a melting point about 20 degrees C lower than that of the commercial bis(4-cyanatophenyl) dimethylmethane (BADCy) with similar melt viscosity, curing kinetics, and postcure glass transition temperature. Analysis of the single-crystal molecular structure by X-ray diffraction showed that intermolecular packing was dominated by weak hydrogen-bonding attractions between the aromatic rings and the -OCN nitrogen atoms. In contrast, the packing interactions found in BADCy are dominated by dipole-dipole interactions of the OCN groups. These differences may explain the 50% reduction in moisture uptake observed in SiMCy as compared to BADCy during exposure to boiling water. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis revealed that SiMCy exhibited a significantly higher char yield in air than BADCy, presumably due to the formation of silicates at high temperature. The combination of improved thermooxidative stability and reduced moisture absorption without significant loss in ease of processing or mechanical properties makes SiMCy an important potential "drop in" replacement for BADCy and demonstrates the power of the molecular level approach to designing new high-temperature polymer materials. C1 NAVAIR, Dept Res, Div Chem, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Mat Applicat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), NAVAIR, Dept Res, Div Chem, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@navy.mil NR 36 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 5 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 18 BP 6046 EP 6053 DI 10.1021/ma060991m PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 077ZB UT WOS:000240069300018 ER PT J AU Smith, RR Smith, AP Stricker, JT Taylor, BE Durstock, MF AF Smith, Rachel R. Smith, Adam P. Stricker, Jeffery T. Taylor, Barney E. Durstock, Michael F. TI Layer-by-layer assembly of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; HOLE INJECTION LAYER; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; SOLAR-CELLS; FILMS; DEVICES; PEDOT; PSS AB Ultrathin films of the conducting polymer system PEDOT: PSS, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly( styrenesulfonate), were fabricated through layer-by-layer assembly with PAH, poly( allylamine hydrochloride). A variety of grades of PEDOT: PSS were used to study the effects of the PEDOT to PSS weight ratio and particle size on the assembly behavior. All systems studied exhibited linear film-growth behavior as indicated by film thickness and UV-vis absorption measurements. Assembly of grades with a relatively small proportion of PEDOT to PSS behaved similarly to PSS/PAH bilayer films fabricated from pristine components. Grades with a higher proportion of PEDOT resulted in thicker bilayers, primarily due to the incorporation of more PEDOT into the film. When compared to their spin-coated analogues, layer-by-layer assembled films incorporated a smaller amount of PEDOT with respect to the PSS. This is highly suggestive of partial decomplexation of the PEDOT from the PSS during the assembly process. Surprisingly, the percent of decomplexation is estimated to be just over 50% for all of the grades studied. That is, slightly less than half of the PEDOT originally present in solution is incorporated into the layer-by-layer film, independent of both the PEDOT: PSS particle size and weight ratio. The combination of this depressed level of PEDOT together with the incorporation of PAH into the film results in the conductivity of the layer-by-layer films being similar to 1 order of magnitude less than that for spin-coated films of the same grade. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Durstock, MF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Durstock@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 5 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 18 BP 6071 EP 6074 DI 10.1021/ma060775d PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 077ZB UT WOS:000240069300021 ER PT J AU Roy, S Kulatilaka, WD Naik, SV Laurendeau, NM Lucht, RP Gord, JR AF Roy, Sukesh Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Naik, Sameer V. Laurendeau, Normand M. Lucht, Robert P. Gord, James R. TI Effects of quenching on electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering of nitric oxide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; HIGH-PRESSURE FLAMES; CARS SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION FLAMES; NO; TEMPERATURE; SHIFT; OH AB We investigate the effects of gas-mixture composition on the electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ERE-CARS) signals of nitric oxide (NO). From previous laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) studies, quenching rates are known to change drastically, by factors of 400-800, in mixtures of CO2/O-2/N-2. The observed ERE-CARS signal remains constant to within 30% whereas LIF signals from NO are predicted to decrease by more than two orders of magnitudes in the same environments. This is very significant for using NO ERE-CARS in high-pressure combustion environments where the electronic quenching rate can vary rapidly as a function of both space and time. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 4 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 10 AR 104105 DI 10.1063/1.2338014 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 082JX UT WOS:000240384000116 ER PT J AU Lacy, T Hughes, JD AF Lacy, Timothy Hughes, John D. TI A neural systems-based neurobiology and neuropsychiatry course: Integrating biology, psychodynamics, and psychology in the psychiatric curriculum SO ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION AB Objective: Psychotherapy and biological psychiatry remain divided in psychiatry residency curricula. Behavioral neurobiology and neuropsychiatry provide a systems-level framework that allows teachers to integrate biology, psychodynamics, and psychology. Method: The authors detail the underlying assumptions and outline of a neural systems-based neuroscience course they teach at the National Capital Consortium Psychiatry Residency Program. They review course assessment reports and classroom observations. Results: Self-report measures and teacher observations are encouraging. By the end of the course, residents are able to discuss both neurobiological and psychodynamic/psychological concepts of distributed biological neural networks. They verbalize an understanding that psychology is biology, that any distinction is artificial, and that both are valuable. Conclusions: A neuroscience curriculum founded on the underlying principles of behavioral neurobiology and neuropsychiatry is inherently anti-reductionistic and facilitates the acquisition of detailed information as well as critical thinking and cross-disciplinary correlations with psychological theories and psychotherapy. C1 Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lacy, T (reprint author), 1050 W Perimeter Rd,4A,SGOHA, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. EM timothy.lacy@pentagon.af.mil NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1042-9670 J9 ACAD PSYCHIATR JI Acad. Psych. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 30 IS 5 BP 410 EP 415 DI 10.1176/appi.ap.30.5.410 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry GA 091KR UT WOS:000241026900009 PM 17021150 ER PT J AU Smith, GS Timmons, RA Lombardi, DA Mamidi, DK Matz, S Courtney, TK Perry, MJ AF Smith, Gordon S. Timmons, Robert A. Lombardi, David A. Mamidi, Dheeresh K. Matz, Simon Courtney, Theodore K. Perry, Melissa J. TI Work-related ladder fall fractures: Identification and diagnosis validation using narrative text SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE ladder; methods; narrative text; occupational; workplace injury; adults ID CONSTRUCTION-INDUSTRY; OCCUPATIONAL INJURY; OLDER WORKERS; ACCIDENTS; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATTERNS; BURDEN; SYSTEM; HEALTH AB Objective: To identify ladder-related fracture injuries and determine how ladder fall fractures differ from other ladder-related injuries. Methods: Ladder-related fracture cases were identified using narrative text and coded data from workers' compensation claims. Potential cases were identified by text searches and verified with claim records. Injury characteristics were compared using proportionate injury ratios. Results: Of 9826 ladder-related injuries, 7% resulted in fracture cases. Falls caused 89% of fractures and resulted in more medical costs and disability days than other injuries. Frequent mechanisms were ladder instability (22%) and lost footing (22%). Narrative text searches identified 17% more fractures than injury codes alone. Males were more likely to sustain a fall fracture than other injuries; construction workers were most likely, and retail workers were the least likely to sustain fractures. Conclusions: Fractures are an important injury from ladder falls, resulting more serious consequences than other ladder-related injuries. Text analysis can improve the quality and utility of workers compensation data by identifying and understanding injury causes. Proportionate injury ratios are also useful for making cross-group comparisons of injury experience when denominator data are not available. Greater attention to risk factors for ladder falls is needed for targeting interventions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Liberty Mutual Res Inst Safety, Hopkinton, MA 01748 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45419 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Smith, GS (reprint author), Liberty Mutual Res Inst Safety, 71 Frankland Rd, Hopkinton, MA 01748 USA. EM Gordon.Smith@LibertyMutual.com RI Courtney, Theodore/J-8902-2013; OI MAMIDI, DHEERESH/0000-0003-2058-5002; Smith, Gordon/0000-0002-2911-3071 FU NIOSH CDC HHS [U54 OH008307]; PHS HHS [T42 CCT122961] NR 65 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 BP 973 EP 980 DI 10.1016/j.aap.2006.04.008 PG 8 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 070NA UT WOS:000239528200018 PM 16750154 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB AF Miracle, D. B. TI The efficient cluster packing model - An atomic structural model for metallic glasses SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE metallic glasses; atomic structure; modeling ID BULK AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; DIE-CASTING METHOD; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CA-MG-ZN; THERMAL-STABILITY; FORMING ABILITY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ICOSAHEDRAL ORDER AB A structural model is described for metallic glasses based on a new sphere packing scheme - the efficient filling of space by solute-centered clusters. This model combines random positioning of solvent atoms with atomic order of solutes. It shows that metallic glasses contain <= 4 topologically distinct species and that solutes possess specific sizes relative to solvent atoms to produce efficient atomic packing. Validation is achieved by quantitative predictions of nearest-neighbor partial coordination numbers, medium-range solute ordering, density and metallic glass topologies. Good agreement is achieved in each of these areas. This model is able to reproduce compositions for a broad range of metallic glasses, provides specific guidance for the exploration of new bulk metallic glasses and may give new insights into other metallic glass studies. The new scheme introduced here for the efficient filling of space in extended systems of unequal spheres may have relevance to other fields. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Daniel.miracle@wpafb.af.mil NR 91 TC 262 Z9 269 U1 10 U2 108 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 16 BP 4317 EP 4336 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.002 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 088DO UT WOS:000240791900021 ER PT J AU Bidinger, J Gilson, R AF Bidinger, Jeff Gilson, Robert TI Asymptomatic yellowish papules SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID PSEUDOXANTHOMA-ELASTICUM; UPDATE C1 Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Med Grp 88, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bidinger, J (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Med Grp 88, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 74 IS 5 BP 807 EP 809 PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 081NJ UT WOS:000240324000013 PM 16970026 ER PT J AU Kiely, KD Wendfeldt, KS Johnson, BE Haskell, BS Edwards, RC AF Kiely, Kevin Daniel Wendfeldt, Kyle Stewart Johnson, Baxter Edwin Haskell, Bruce Steven Edwards, Richard C. TI One-year postoperative stability of LeFort I osteotomies with biodegradable fixation: A retrospective analysis of skeletal relapse SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID PEDIATRIC CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY; SAGITTAL SPLIT OSTEOTOMIES; RIGID FIXATION; MAXILLARY ADVANCEMENT; ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY; RESORBABLE PLATES/; INTERNAL-FIXATION; STRENGTH ANALYSIS; TISSUE-RESPONSE; SCREW FIXATION AB Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to determine the magnitude of postoperative skeletal relapse of a maxillary LeFort I osteotomy procedure performed with fixation plates and screws composed of a biodegradable copolymer (poly-L lactic and poly-L glycolic acid). Methods: Twenty-three consecutively treated subjects, aged 19 to 39, were diagnosed with excess vertical maxillary height or anteroposterior maxillary deficiency and treated with LeFort I impaction or advancement osteotomies. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were measured and compared for the absolute magnitude of skeletal relapse from pretreatment to immediately postoperative to 1 year after surgery. Results: Correlation analysis determined that a positive relationship existed between the magnitude of the surgical movement and the magnitude of postoperative relapse. The greatest relapse for any subject in any direction was 0.940 mm (anterior nasal spine to nasion-perpendicular). The greatest average relapses were 0.249 mm horizontally (anterior nasal spine to Frankfort horizontal) and 0.141 mm vertically (M-point Frank-fort horizontal). Conclusions: The most significant contribution of this study to surgical stability literature is reporting the absolute magnitudes of postoperative relapse over a 1-year period of observation. Consistent with previously published reports on postoperative stability, greater magnitudes of relapse were noted for larger surgical movements, yet the absolute values of postoperative relapse with biodegradable copolymers was clinically negligible. Biodegradable copolymers can provide excellent postoperative stability for superior and anterior maxillary surgical repositioning that appears to rival published stability measurements for rigid internal metallic fixation. C1 S Cty Hosp, Wakefield, RI USA. Univ Louisville, Sch Dent, Dept Orthodont Pediat & Geriatr Dent, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Rochester, NY USA. RP Wendfeldt, KS (reprint author), USAF, PSC 80 Box 12321, APO, AP 96367 USA. EM kyle.wendfeldt@kadena.af.mil NR 52 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 130 IS 3 BP 310 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.03.022 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 085LK UT WOS:000240605400012 PM 16979488 ER PT J AU Judy, RH Dunn, WJ Patel, AB Swanson, T AF Judy, Robert H. Dunn, William J. Patel, Arpita B. Swanson, Timothy TI Effective single-charge end point of cordless light-emitting diode light-curing units SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID PRIVATE DENTAL OFFICES; SHEAR BOND STRENGTH; ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS; POLYMERIZATION; HALOGEN AB Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the battery lives of cordless light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and their effect on orthodontic bracket bond strength. Methods: One hundred eighty-six metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to extracted molars. Two LED light-curing units (L. E. Demetron [SDS/Kerr, Orange, Calif] and Ortholux [3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif]) were evaluated. Each light was used to bond 93 specimens. One bracket was bonded every 5 minutes until the battery ran out. The lights were activated for 20 seconds, then automatically turned off for 40 seconds every minute (33% duty cycle) without recharging. Bonded specimens were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and then subjected to shear force with a universal testing machine until bracket failure. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA detected significantly weaker mean shear bond strength and fewer consecutive cures with the Ortholux compared with the L. E. Demetron light-curing unit. However, when the first 5 time points were excluded, there were no differences between the 2 lights, demonstrating that the lights performed similarly after the first 20 minutes of operation Just before battery failure, both lights still provided the same power density as at the beginning. Conclusions: Both light-curing units provided adequate power density for up to 2 hours without recharging at a 33% duty cycle. There was no significant decrease in power in cordless LED light-curing units as the battery life approached its end point. C1 Dept Orthodont, Fairfield, CA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Triserv Orthodont Residency Program, Dept Orthodont, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Judy, RH (reprint author), 3701 Point Clear Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM william.dunn@keesler.af.mil NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 130 IS 3 BP 378 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.02.017 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 085LK UT WOS:000240605400021 PM 16979497 ER PT J AU Shideler, RM Banks, KP Torres, E AF Shideler, R. Mark Banks, Kevin P. Torres, Ernesto TI AJR teaching file: Persistent epigastric pain SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abdominal imaging; barium studies; gastrointestinal radiology; lymphoma; stomach ID GASTRIC-CARCINOMA; TUMORS C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Third Med Grp, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. RP Banks, KP (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MCHE-DR,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Kevin.Banks@amedd.army.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 187 IS 3 SU S BP S480 EP S482 DI 10.2214/AJR.05.1117 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 082RU UT WOS:000240405700007 PM 16928901 ER PT J AU Roth, JE Conner, WC Porisch, ME Shry, E AF Roth, Jason E. Conner, William C. Porisch, Mary E. Shry, Eric TI Sinoatrial nodal artery to right atrium fistula after myxoma excision SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY AB Acquired coronary artery to cardiac chamber fistulas are rare. Angiographically detectable neovascularization associated with a cardiac myxoma occurs frequently. These vessels are incorporated into the atrial suture line during surgical excision. We describe the case of a patient with a symptomatic right coronary artery to right atrial fistula that had occurred 4 years after left atrial myxoma resection. These large vessels should be considered for ligation during the myxoma resection. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Pediat Cardiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Roth, JE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM jason.roth@amedd.army.mil NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 82 IS 3 BP 1106 EP 1107 DI 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.01.067 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 076ZD UT WOS:000239996300058 PM 16928553 ER PT J AU Coppola, CP Leininger, MBE Rasmussen, TE Smith, DL AF Coppola, Christopher P. Leininger, Maj Brian E. Rasmussen, Todd E. Smith, David L. TI Children treated at an expeditionary military hospital in Iraq SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FREEDOM; ARMY; AFGHANISTAN; CASUALTIES; CONFLICT; INJURIES; COMFORT; WAR AB Objective: To describe the treatment of children at an expeditionary military hospital in wartime Iraq. Design: Descriptive, retrospective study. Setting: The 332nd Air Force Theater Hospital in Balad, Iraq, January 1, 2004, to May 31, 2005. Patients: All 85 children (of 1626 total patients) evaluated and treated at the hospital during the study period. Interventions: Indicated surgical procedures performed on children. Main Outcome Measures: Age, sex, diagnosis, injury, operations, and complications for children during the study period. Results: The 85 children (age range, 1 day to 17 years; mean, 8 years) represented 5.2% of all patients. Thirtyfour (61%) of the 56 children for whom sex was recorded were male. Injury was the diagnosis for 48 children (56%). Of these, the cause was fragmentation wound in 25 children (52%), penetrating trauma in 11 (23%), burn in 9 (19%), and blunt trauma in 3 (6%). The site of injury was the lower extremity in 18 children (38%), head in 11 (23%), upper extremity in 8 (17%), abdomen in 8 (17%), and chest in 3 (6%). Nontraumatic conditions had congenital, infectious, gastrointestinal, and neoplastic causes. During the study, 134 operations were performed on 63 children. There were 5 deaths. Conclusions: Expeditionary military hospitals will encounter both injured and noninjured children seeking medical care. To optimize the care of these children, it will be necessary to provide the proper personnel, training, and equipment. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Coppola, CP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1 MCSG, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM ccoppola@pol.net OI Coppola, Christopher/0000-0002-2683-4324 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 160 IS 9 BP 972 EP 976 DI 10.1001/archpedi.160.9.972 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 080GB UT WOS:000240234800017 PM 16953022 ER PT J AU Daum, LT Canas, LC Klimov, AI Shaw, MW Gibbons, RV Shrestha, SK Myint, KS Acharya, RP Rimal, N Reese, F Niemeyer, DM Arulanandam, BP Chambers, JP AF Daum, L. T. Canas, L. C. Klimov, A. I. Shaw, M. W. Gibbons, R. V. Shrestha, S. K. Myint, K. S. Acharya, R. P. Rimal, N. Reese, F. Niemeyer, D. M. Arulanandam, B. P. Chambers, J. P. TI Molecular analysis of isolates from influenza B outbreaks in the US and Nepal, 2005 SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININS; EVOLUTION; LINEAGES; SEASONS AB Currently circulating influenza B viruses can be divided into two antigenically and genetically distinct lineages referred to by their respective prototype strains, B/Yamagata/16/88 and B/Victoria/2/87, based on amino acid differences in the hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein. During May and July 2005, clinical specimens from two early season influenza B outbreaks in Arizona and southeastern Nepal were subjected to antigenic (hemagglutinin inhibition) and nucleotide sequence analysis of hemagglutinin (HA1), neuraminidase (NA), and NB genes. All isolates exhibited little reactivity with the B/Shanghai/361/2002 (B/Yamagata-like) vaccine strain and significantly reduced reactivity with the previous 2003/04 B/Hong Kong/330/2001 (B/Victoria-like) vaccine strain. The majority of isolates were antigenically similar to B/Hawaii/33/2004, a B/Victoria-like reference strain. Sequence analysis indicated that 33 of 34 isolates contained B/Victoria-like HA and B/Yamagata-like NA and NB proteins. Thus, these outbreak isolates are both antigenically and genetically distinct from the current Northern Hemisphere vaccine virus strain as well as the previous 2003-04 B/Hong Kong/330/2001 (B/Victoria lineage) vaccine virus strain but are genetically similar to B/Malaysia/2506/2004, the vaccine strain proposed for the coming seasons in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Since these influenza B outbreaks occurred in two very distant geographical locations, these viruses may continue to circulate during the 2006 season, underscoring the importance of rapid molecular monitoring of HA, NA and NB for drift and reassortment. C1 USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, US Dept Def, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas, AFIT, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Army Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit Nepa, WARUN, Kathmandu, Nepal. Assoc Med Doctors Asia Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. USAF, Off Surgeon Gen, Modernizat Directorate, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Daum, LT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, US Dept Def, 2503 Gillingham,175 West, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM luke.daum@brooks.af.mil RI Arulanandam, Bernard/O-9501-2014 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 151 IS 9 BP 1863 EP 1874 DI 10.1007/s00705-006-0777-0 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 073EE UT WOS:000239725000014 PM 16736092 ER PT J AU Armentrout, JJ Holland, DA O'Toole, KJ Ercoline, WR AF Armentrout, Jeffrey J. Holland, Dwight A. O'Toole, Kevin J. Ercoline, William R. TI Fatigue and related human factors in the near crash of a large military aircraft SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aviation human factors; crew resource management; fatigue; aircraft stall; sleep ID SITUATION AWARENESS; PERFORMANCE AB Introduction. During approach to a remote island location, a U.S. Air Force heavy-airlift aircraft was flown into an aerodynamic stall, resulting in the loss of more than 4000 ft of altitude, with the crew recovering the aircraft just before impact would have occurred. Methods: An analysis of the mishap was conducted through a review of non-privileged USAF mishap data, cockpit voice recordings, flight data records, and interviews of the aircrew involved. A thorough examination of fatigue-related factors was conducted, including computerized fatigue modeling. Results: The crew traveled over 11,000 mi in a westward direction over a 6-d period. They had been on duty for nearly 21 h on the day of the mishap, with minimal in-flight rest. The pilots were late beginning their descent for landing, and a minor aircraft malfunction distracted the crew, contributing to channelized attention and degraded situational awareness. A breakdown in crew communication and failure to adequately monitor and interpret true aircraft state culminated in loss of aircraft control. Analysis of the crew's work/rest schedule confirmed that multiple elements of fatigue were present during this mishap, including acute and cumulative fatigue, circadian disruptions, and sleep inertia. Additionally, reduced situational awareness and spatial disorientation, exacerbated by the underlying fatigue, were causal in this mishap. Discussion:This mishap highlights the importance of maintaining a high degree of situational awareness during long-haul flights with a continuing need to address issues regarding spatial disorientation, proper application of human engineering principles in modern cockpits, and mitigation of aircrew fatigue factors. C1 USAF Reserve Command, Airlift Wing 433, Lackland AFB, TX USA. USAF, Human Syst Wing 311, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Air Force Safety Ctr, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. Wyle Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Armentrout, JJ (reprint author), 2678 Catawba Dr, Kennesaw, GA 30152 USA. EM jeffrey.armentrout@lackland.af.mil NR 20 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 77 IS 9 BP 963 EP 970 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 081CW UT WOS:000240295800012 PM 16964748 ER PT J AU McCleod, S AF McCleod, Scott TI Prostate cancer SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN; MEN AB Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in American men and second only to lung cancer in deaths. The American Cancer Society estimates that there will be about 232,090 new cases of Prostate cancer in the United States in 2005, and about 30,350 men will die of this disease (1). Over the past 15 yr, research has expanded our knowledge of this cancer, its risk factors, treatments, and the potential screening tools. Yet, there is no clear consensus of how to deal with every man who comes in for aeromedical certification, how to screen for it, and how to treat it. No rnan is the same when it comes to prostate cancer. It is the responsibility of the aviation medical examiner to evaluate the unique aspects of every case for aeromedical implications. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Alexandria, VA USA. RP McCleod, S (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 77 IS 9 BP 984 EP 986 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 081CW UT WOS:000240295800016 PM 16964751 ER PT J AU Martindale, VE AF Martindale, Valerie E. TI Human performance optimization in aviation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Bolling AFB, Aerosp Physiol Human Performance Enhancement Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Martindale, VE (reprint author), Bolling AFB, Aerosp Physiol Human Performance Enhancement Div, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 77 IS 9 BP 996 EP 996 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 081CW UT WOS:000240295800020 PM 16964754 ER PT J AU Velden, C Harper, B Wells, F Beven, JL Ehr, R Olander, T Mayfield, M Guard, CC Lander, M Edson, R Avila, L Burton, A Turk, M Caroff, A Christian, A Caroff, P McCrone, P AF Velden, Christopher Harper, Bruce Wells, Frank Beven, John L., II ehr, Ray Olander, Timothy Mayfield, Max Guard, Charles Chip Lander, Mark Edson, Roger Avila, Lixion Burton, Andrew Turk, Mike Caroff, Akihiro Christian, Adam Caroff, Philippe McCrone, Paul TI The Dvorak tropical cyclone intensity estimation technique SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE PICTURES; WIND SPEEDS; IMAGERY; AMSU C1 Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Syst Engn Australia, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. NOAA, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, NWSFO, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. Bur Meteorol, Perth, WA, Australia. NOAA, NESDIS, Satellite Anal Branch, Washington, DC 20233 USA. Meteo France, RSMC La Reunion, La Reunion, France. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Typhoon Ctr, RMSC Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Joint Typhoon Warning Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. USAF, Weather Agcy, Omaha, NE USA. RP Velden, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM chrisv@ssec.wisc.edu NR 44 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 87 IS 9 BP 1195 EP 1210 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-9-1195 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 089UY UT WOS:000240908000015 ER PT J AU Welsh, JS Mayes, JS Biskner, AC AF Welsh, Jeffry S. Mayes, J. Steven Biskner, Adam C. TI 2-D biaxial testing and failure predictions of IM7/977-2 carbon/epoxy quasi-isotropic laminates SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Composite Structures CY NOV 14-16, 2005 CL Monash Univ, Mexioc City, AUSTRALIA SP Monash Univ, Dept Mech Engn, USAF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, CRC Adv Composite Structures, Australian Composite Structures Soc HO Monash Univ DE biaxial testing; multi-axial testing; composites testing; composite failure predictions ID CRUCIFORM SPECIMENS; STRENGTH AB In previous research, a series of a thickness-tapered cruciform specimen configurations have been used to determine the biaxial (two-dimensional, in-plane) and triaxial (three-dimensional) strength of several carbon/epoxy and glass/vinyl-ester laminate configurations. Refinements to the cruciform geometry have been shown capable of producing acceptable results for cross-ply laminate configurations. However, the presence of a biaxial strengthening effect in quasi-isotropic, [(0(N)/90(N)/ +/- 45(N))(M)](S), laminates have brought into question whether the cruciform geometry could be used to successfully generate two-dimensional strength envelopes. In the present study, a two-dimensional failure envelope for a IM7/977-2 carbon/epoxy laminate was developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, using a triaxial test facility. The electromechanical test frame is capable of generating any combination of tensile or compressive stresses in sigma(1):sigma(2):sigma(3) stress space and can evaluate the uniaxial (one-dimensional, in-plane), biaxial or triaxial response of composite materials. Results are promising as they indicated that failure in the majority of the IM7/977-2 specimens occurred in the gage section. This leads the authors to believe that maximum biaxial stress states were correctly generated within the test specimen. In addition to the experimental data presented, multi-continuum theory (MCT) was used to predict and analyze the onset of damage and ultimate failure of a biaxially loaded IM7/977-2 laminate. Multi-continuum theory is a micromechanics based theory and associated numerical algorithm for extracting, virtually without a time penalty, the stress and strain fields for a composites' constituents during a routine structural finite element analysis. Damage in a composite material typically begins at the constituent level and may, in fact, be limited to only one constituent in some situations. An accurate prediction of constituent failure at sampling points throughout the laminate provides a genesis for progressively analyzing damage propagation in a composite specimen allowing identification of intermediate damage modes. A constituent-based, quadratic, stress-interactive, failure criterion was used to take advantage of the micro-scale information provided by MCT. There was reasonable correlation between analytically and experimentally developed IM7/977-2 2D failure envelope which leads us to believe that the thickness-tapered cruciform specimen can be used to determine the biaxial strength of quasi-isotropic laminates. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Alfred Univ, Mech Engn Program, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. CSA Engn Inc, New Mexico Operat, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Welsh, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM jeffry.welsh@kirtland.af.mil NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 75 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.04.049 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 074RG UT WOS:000239828900009 ER PT J AU Repperger, DW Phillips, CA Neidhard-Doll, A Reynolds, DB Berlin, J AF Repperger, D. W. Phillips, C. A. Neidhard-Doll, A. Reynolds, D. B. Berlin, J. TI Actuator design using biomimicry methods and a pneumatic muscle system SO CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE force control; biomimicry design; pneumatic muscle actuator ID ROBUST FORCE CONTROL; ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES; CONTROL STRATEGY; CONTROLLER; MANIPULATOR; ALGORITHMS; ELEMENTS; MODEL; PLANT; ROBOT AB An empirical and theoretical study is conducted on a special actuator termed "pneumatic muscle" (PM) being used in a force control system framework. Such an actuator has similarities to biological systems and has many advantages (extremely high power/ weight, power/volume and power/energy ratios). However, due to its inherent nonlinearities, this actuator suffers from poor position and force control. The study described here accomplishes three main goals. (1) A force control system is developed within an open and closed loop framework to emulate how biological systems work in an agonist-antagonist framework. (2) The PM used in the study has such strength that it excites the frame dynamics. This undesired dynamic response is then effectively cancelled using an impedance model control scheme. (3) The PM is demonstrated to both change length yet still produce force in a controlled manner. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Biomed Human Factors & Ind Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM d.repperger@ieee.org NR 42 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0661 J9 CONTROL ENG PRACT JI Control Eng. Practice PD SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 9 BP 999 EP 1009 DI 10.1016/j.conengprac.2005.06.009 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 062HQ UT WOS:000238935600002 ER PT J AU Setukha, AV AF Setukha, A. V. TI A singular integral equation with Hilbert kernel in a class of distributions SO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Engn Acad, Moscow, Russia. RP Setukha, AV (reprint author), USAF, Engn Acad, Moscow, Russia. RI Setukha, Alexey/K-5420-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0012-2661 J9 DIFF EQUAT+ JI Differ. Equ. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1302 EP 1311 DI 10.1134/S0012266106090084 PG 10 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 106TY UT WOS:000242125800008 ER PT J AU Lifanov, IK AF Lifanov, I. K. TI An instance of numerical solution of integral equations with singularities in the periodic case SO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Engn Acad, Moscow, Russia. RP Lifanov, IK (reprint author), USAF, Engn Acad, Moscow, Russia. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0012-2661 J9 DIFF EQUAT+ JI Differ. Equ. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1334 EP 1342 DI 10.1134/S0012266106090126 PG 9 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 106TY UT WOS:000242125800012 ER PT J AU Nenashev, AS AF Nenashev, A. S. TI Solvability conditions for an integral equation with singular and logarithmic kernels SO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Engn Acad, Moscow, Russia. RP Nenashev, AS (reprint author), USAF, Engn Acad, Moscow, Russia. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0012-2661 J9 DIFF EQUAT+ JI Differ. Equ. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1361 EP 1363 DI 10.1134/S0012266106090151 PG 3 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 106TY UT WOS:000242125800015 ER PT J AU Galleani, L Cohen, L Noga, A AF Galleani, Lorenzo Cohen, Leon Noga, Andrew TI A time-frequency approach to the adjustable bandwidth concept SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Defense Applications of Signal Processing (DASP) CY MAR 27-APR 01, 2005 CL Midway, UT DE adjustable bandwidth concept; detection; nonstationary signals; time-frequency ID REPRESENTATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIGNALS; KERNELS AB The aim of the adjustable bandwidth concept (ABC) is to enhance nonstationary signals in noise by bringing out the main features so that they be effectively used in detection and classification algorithms. We show that the method transforms a time-frequency distribution by means of individual time-frequency transformations into a set of final time-frequency distributions. Each step of the procedure can be understood and formulated in terms of the kernel method. Explicit expressions are derived and examples are given. The formulation suggests further enhancements of the method. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. Politecn Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy. RP Cohen, L (reprint author), CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM leon.cohen@hunter.cuny.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 454 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.dsp.2005.08.001 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 086CG UT WOS:000240650100002 ER PT J AU McCann, SE Sebold, C McLean, S Fenton, C AF McCann, Shannan E. Sebold, Courtney McLean, Scott Fenton, Cydney TI Frasier syndrome diagnosed in a 16-year-old girl presenting for evaluation of amenorrhea SO ENDOCRINOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE Frasier syndrome; Denys-Drash syndrome; pseudohermaphrodism; amenorrhea; focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ID GONADAL-DYSGENESIS; SEX DETERMINATION; WT1; GENE; MUTATIONS; DENYS; SRY AB Primary care physicians commonly encounter patients requesting evaluation for primary and secondary amenorrbea. In most cases, the etiology can be easily determined by a complete history and physical with some laboratory tests. We discuss the interesting presentation and evaluation of amenorrhea in a 16-year-old woman with a history of end-stage renal disease resulting from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Sequencing of the Wilms tumor-suppressor gene (WT1) gene, located on chromosome 11p13, revealed a mutation confirming the rare diagnosis of Frasier syndrome. This article explores the current knowledge of the genetics and clinical presentation of Frasier syndrome and a related allelic disorder, Denys-Drash syndrome. As more patients with mutations of the WT1 gene are identified, our understanding of the complex functions of this protein and implications for clinical care will improve. C1 San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth & Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. RP McCann, SE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 E Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM shannan.mccann@lackland.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-2144 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGIST JI Endocrinologist PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 16 IS 5 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1097/01.ten.0000235174.67519.d4 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 093WR UT WOS:000241201500011 ER PT J AU Shaikh, S Lafdi, K AF Shaikh, S Lafdi, K TI Effect of multiple phase change materials (PCMs) slab configurations on thermal energy storage SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE phase change material; energy storage; melting ID DIFFERENT MELTING TEMPERATURES; TRANSIENT-BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS; PURE METAL; MODULE; PERFORMANCE; ENHANCEMENT; RATES AB The present work involves the use of a two dimensional control volume based numerical method to conduct a study of a combined convection-diffusion phase change heat transfer process in varied configurations of composite PCM slabs. Simulations were conducted to investigate the impact of using different configurations of multiple PCM slabs arrangements with different melting temperatures, thermophysical properties and varied sets of boundary conditions on the total energy stored as compared to using a single PCM slab. The degree of enhancement of the energy storage has been shown in terms of the total energy stored rate. The numerical results from the parametric study indicated that the total energy charged rate can be significantly enhanced by using composite PCMs as compared to the single PCM. This enhancement in the energy storage can be of great importance to improve the thermal performance of latent thermal storage systems. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Engn Mech, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shaikh, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Engn Mech, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM shaikhsa@notes.udayton.edu NR 21 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 47 IS 15-16 BP 2103 EP 2117 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2005.12.012 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 053AZ UT WOS:000238277200009 ER PT J AU Elsheikh, MN Rinaldo, A Hamakawa, H Mahfouz, ME Rodrigo, JP Brennan, J Devaney, KO Grandis, JR Ferlito, A AF Elsheikh, Mohamed N. Rinaldo, Alessandra Hamakawa, Hiroyuki Mahfouz, Magdy E. Rodrigo, Juan Pablo Brennan, Joseph Devaney, Kenneth O. Grandis, Jennifer R. Ferlito, Alfio TI Importance of molecular analysis in detecting cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma SO HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK LA English DT Review DE molecular analysis; RT-PCR; cytokeratin; micrometastasis; lymph node metastasis; neck dissection; squamous cell carcinoma; invasion ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT; MINIMAL RESIDUAL HEAD; MESSENGER-RNA; ORAL-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; COLORECTAL-CANCER; GENETIC DIAGNOSIS; TUMOR-CELLS AB Background. Because of the impact of nodal status on treatment and survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, accurate staging of cervical lymph nodes is critical. This article explores the value of molecular analyses in the detection of cervical lymph node metastasis. Methods. A review of the literature was carried out and combined with our own experience regarding the role of molecular analyses in detecting cervical lymph node metastasis. Results. Few studies have demonstrated the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of molecular analysis in detecting tumor cells in lymph nodes. Nodal staging was improved by the use of molecular techniques; when compared with histopathologic examination, however, the small sample size of these studies did not allow definitive conclusions. Conclusions. Molecular analysis is exquisitely sensitive in detecting very small cancer deposits within lymph nodes. It provides an oncologic basis that may be used to guide therapy and influence outcomes. It should be recommended for diagnostic use in controlled studies of patients without evidence of lymph node metastasis on routine hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections. The clinical significance of these types of metastases, however, must be determined with carefully designed and controlled prospective clinical trials. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Udine, Dept Surg Sci, ENT Clin, Policlin Univ, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Tanta Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Tanta, Egypt. Ehime Univ, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. Tanta Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tanta, Egypt. Hosp Univ Cent Asturias, Dept Otolaryngol, Oviedo, Spain. Inst Univ Oncol Principado Asturias, Oviedo, Spain. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Foote Hosp, Dept Pathol, Jackson, MI USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Otolaryngol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Inst Eye & Ear, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Ferlito, A (reprint author), Univ Udine, Dept Surg Sci, ENT Clin, Policlin Univ, Piazzale S Maria Misericordia, I-33100 Udine, Italy. EM a.ferlito@uniud.it OI Rodrigo Tapia, Juan Pablo/0000-0003-3063-0890 NR 44 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1043-3074 J9 HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC JI Head Neck-J. Sci. Spec. Head Neck PD SEP PY 2006 VL 28 IS 9 BP 842 EP 849 DI 10.1002/hed.20368 PG 8 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 077OD UT WOS:000240038300012 PM 16691557 ER PT J AU Westermann, EB AF Westermann, Edward B. TI A history of the Dora Camp SO HOLOCAUST AND GENOCIDE STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Westermann, EB (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 8756-6583 J9 HOLOCAUST GENOCIDE S JI Holocaust Genocide Stud. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 314 EP 317 DI 10.1093/hgs/dcl008 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 079YI UT WOS:000240213400008 ER PT J AU Patterson, R Winterbottom, MD Pierce, BJ AF Patterson, Robert Winterbottom, Marc D. Pierce, Byron J. TI Perceptual issues in the use of head-mounted visual displays SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Review ID FIELD-OF-VIEW; INTERMEDIATE DARK FOCUS; SACCADIC EYE-MOVEMENTS; SIMULATOR SICKNESS; BINOCULAR-RIVALRY; TRACKING PERFORMANCE; VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; SPACE-PERCEPTION; DEPTH-PERCEPTION AB Objective: We provide a review and analysis of much of the published literature on visual perception issues that impact the design and use of head-mounted displays (HMDs). Background: Unlike the previous literature on HMDs, this review draws heavily from the basic vision literature in order to help provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs. Method: Included in this review are articles and books found cited in other works as well as articles and books obtained from an Internet search. Results: Issues discussed include the effect of brightness and contrast on depth of field, dark focus, dark vergence, and perceptual constancy; the effect of accommodation-vergence synergy on perceptual constancy, eyestrain, and discomfort; the relationship of field of view to the functioning of different visual pathways and the types of visual-motor tasks mediated by them; the relationship of binocular input to visual suppression; and the importance of head movements, head tracking, and display update lag. Conclusion: This paper offers a set of recommendations for the design and use of HMDs. Application: Consideration of the basic vision literature will provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Psychol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Patterson, R (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Psychol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rpatter@mail.wsu.edu NR 138 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 22 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FAL PY 2006 VL 48 IS 3 BP 555 EP 573 DI 10.1518/001872006778606877 PG 19 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 093KC UT WOS:000241166200012 PM 17063969 ER PT J AU Abeysinghe, DC Ranatunga, V Banerjee, A Balagopal, A Klotzkin, DJ AF Abeysinghe, Don C. Ranatunga, Vipul Banerjee, Ansuman Balagopal, Ajit Klotzkin, David J. TI Epoxyless fiber-to-submount bonding for active fiber optoelectronic and fiber backplane applications SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE finite-element simulations; optical coupling; optical fiber devices; packaging ID LASER-DIODES; GLASS; SIMULATION AB A fiber-coupled optical transmitter or receiver is both a mechanical and an optical system. Packaging of optical components like fiber-coupled lasers requires good coupling into the fiber, and rigid inflexible mounting of all components, so the coupling remains stable over the multiyear lifetime expected of optoelectronic components. In this paper, we report a new technique for bonding fiber directly to a Si or glass submount for autoaligned direct fiber attachment, based on field-assisted anodic or cathodic bonding. Under the influence of an electric field at high temperature, oxides are formed between the glass and the metal: this method is used to bond both metallized fibers to a glass V-groove (cathodic bonding), and glass fibers to a metallized Si submount (anodic bonding), without epoxy. Topical shear strengths are > 300 g, comparable to solder-mounted components. The V-grooves precisely align the fiber to the component in two of the three dimensions. The thermal stability of this technique is demonstrated through showing < 0.1 dB variation in coupling between two bonded fibers in aV-groove over a temperature range of 25 degrees C -85 degrees C. This method of fiber attachment is a robust and economical way to attach fibers for passive alignment and direct butt-coupling between the fiber and the semiconductor laser, receiver, or other optoelectronic component. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Miami Univ, Middletown, OH 45042 USA. RP Abeysinghe, DC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dabeysin@ececs.uc.edu; ranatupv@muohio.edu; banerjaa@email.uc.edu; ajitbalagopal@yahoo.com; david.klotzkin@uc.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 12 IS 5 BP 952 EP 960 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2006.881876 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 092VM UT WOS:000241125400006 ER PT J AU Kaneda, Y Fan, L Hsu, TC Peyghambarian, N Fallahi, M Zakharian, AR Hader, J Moloney, JV Stoltz, W Koch, S Bedford, R Sevian, A Glebov, L AF Kaneda, Yushi Fan, Li Hsu, Ta-Chen Peyghambarian, Nasser Fallahi, Mahmoud Zakharian, Armis R. Hader, Joerg Moloney, Jerome V. Stoltz, Wolfgang Koch, Stephan Bedford, Robert Sevian, Armen Glebov, Leonid TI High brightness spectral beam combination of high-power vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE semiconductor laser; spectral combination; vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL); volume Bragg grating (VBG) AB High brightness spectral beam combination of two high-power vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) using volume Bragg grating in a photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass is demonstrated. High efficiency beam combination in excess of 90% is achieved, providing an efficient method for power scaling of diffraction limited beam. The beam quality of each starting lasers was 1.68 and 1.35, and that of combined beam was 1.9. Scaling opportunities based on the parameters of VECSELs and PTR Bragg gratings are discussed. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, FPCE, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Kaneda, Y (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ykaneda@optics.arizona.edu NR 6 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 18 IS 17-20 BP 1795 EP 1797 DI 10.1109/LPT.2006.880758 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 097HP UT WOS:000241438300001 ER PT J AU Jacoby, GA Marchany, R Davis, NJ AF Jacoby, Grant A. Marchany, Randy Davis, Nathaniel J. TI How mobile host batteries can improve network security SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 04) CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Strateg Alliance Metroplex Technol, Freescale, IDT, Nokia, Univ Texas, Austin, ECE, Wireless Valley Commun Inc, ALCATEL, ALTERA, Raytheon, SMU Eng, UTA Eng, Univ Texas, Dallas, Erik Jonsson Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Axes Technol C1 US Mil Acad, Informat Technol Operat Ctr, West Point, NY USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Virginia Tech & State Univ, Informat Technol Secur Lab, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Jacoby, GA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Informat Technol Operat Ctr, West Point, NY USA. EM grant.jocoby@usma.edu; nathaniel.davis@afit.edu; marchany@vt.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 EI 1558-4046 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 4 IS 5 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1109/MSP.2006.139 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 086UM UT WOS:000240698500009 ER PT J AU Gans, MJ AF Gans, Michael J. TI Channel capacity between antenna Arrays - Part I: Sky noise dominates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE antenna arrays; channel capacity; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); mutual coupling; noise correlation AB Space-time coding techniques can be used to achieve very high spectral efficiencies in highly scattering environments using multiple transmit and receive antennas. At the remote station, there is usually a more limited space allotted to the antenna array than at the base station. Since the spectral efficiency improves with the number of antennas, one is interested in how many antennas can be crammed into the limited space on the remote station. This paper (Part I of II) addresses some of the issues which affect the allowable density of antennas in the remote station. In particular, the mutual impedance between antenna elements in the remote array and the correlation between the signal and noise fields received by these elements are analyzed for their impact on the channel capacity achievable by such arrays. In particular, we assume the transmitter is radiating from n(T) elements of uncoupled half-wave dipoles and knows nothing of the channel. A formula is given for the maximum channel capacity to a receiving array of n(R) elements, coupled to each other in the presence of ambient noise or interference with a uniform angle of arrival distribution. This formula neglects amplifier noise in the receivers. It is shown that the channel capacity is already determined at the terminals of the receiving array, and can not be improved by internal coupling networks following the receiving array. When the propagation is by means of full three-dimensional scattering, the channel capacity is unaffected by mutual coupling in the receiving array. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Gans, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM gansm@rl.af.mil NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1586 EP 1592 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.2006.881238 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 086US UT WOS:000240699100012 ER PT J AU Finke, J Passino, KM Sparks, AG AF Finke, Jorge Passino, Kevin M. Sparks, Andrew G. TI Stable task load balancing strategies for cooperative control of networked autonomous air vehicles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cooperative systems; distributed control; distributed decision making; load balancing; mobile robots AB We introduce a mathematical model for the study of cooperative control problems for multiple autonomous air vehicles (AAVs) connected via a communication network. We propose a cooperative control strategy based on task-load balancing that see to ensure that no vehicle is underutilized and we show how to characterize task-load balancing as a stability property. Then, using Lyapunov stability analysis, we provide conditions under which task-load balancing is achieved even in the presence of communication delays. Finally, we investigate performance properties of the cooperative controller using Monte Carlo simulations. This shows the benefits of cooperation and the effects of network delays and communication topology on performance. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lib, Air Vehicles Directorate AFRL VA, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Finke, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM passino@ece.osu.edu NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 EI 1558-0865 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 5 BP 789 EP 803 DI 10.1109/TCST.2006.876902 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 072YQ UT WOS:000239709600001 ER PT J AU Peterson, BS Baldwin, RO Kharoufeh, JP AF Peterson, Brian S. Baldwin, Rusty O. Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P. TI Bluetooth inquiry time characterization and selection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE mobile computing; algorithm/protocol design and analysis; mobile communication systems (Bluetooth inquiry probability distribution) AB The Bluetooth discovery process requires use of the inquiry substate which not only consumes significant power, but prevents normal data traffic flow and simultaneously acts as a potential noise source for neighboring networks. Therefore, the inquiry substate dwell time should be limited to discovering an acceptable number of neighboring devices. Although an estimate of the probability density function of the time to discover scanning devices is straightforward, the complex temporal and spectral interactions between two devices make precise inquiry time characterization difficult. We characterize these interactions and derive detailed analytical expressions for the probability distribution of the inquiry time for a Bluetooth-enabled device that follows v1.1 of the Bluetooth specification and uses the default 11.25 ms inquiry scan window that opens every 1.28 s. Subsequently, we show a single inquirer will locate 99 percent of all scanning devices within transmission range in 5.12 seconds rather than the 10.24 s recommended in the specification. Using specification v1.2, we show that the inquiry time can be reduced to 3.84 seconds and 1.28 seconds using the standard and interlaced inquiry scan modes, respectively. Substantial inquiry time reduction results in reduced power requirements and increased throughput by increasing data traffic and reducing interference with neighboring piconets. Our results are validated via comparison with existing simulation models and measurement studies. The models used to derive the distribution also lend themselves to characterizing the discovery time with variations in the discovery process. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENG, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peterson, BS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENG, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.peterson@wpafb.af.mil; rusty.baldwin@afit.edu; jeffrey.kharoufeh@afit.edu NR 16 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1233 J9 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT JI IEEE. Trans. Mob. Comput. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 5 IS 9 BP 1173 EP 1187 DI 10.1109/TMC.2006.125 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 063ZJ UT WOS:000239058200005 ER PT J AU Yin, A Tzolov, M Cardimona, DA Xu, J AF Yin, Aijun Tzolov, Marian Cardimona, David A. Xu, Jimmy TI Template-growth of highly ordered carbon nanotube arrays on silicon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anodic aluminum oxide template; carbon nanotubes (CNTs); silicon ID ANODIC ALUMINA; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; POROUS ALUMINA AB This paper reports on the success in and the key conditions for direct growth of carbon nanotubes of unprecedented uniformity on silicon. The uniformity is ensured through the growth within the highly ordered nanopores of an alumina oxide template, which is in turn formed on silicon through anodization of aluminum of unprecedented thickness evaporated on silicon. The formation of highly ordered nanopore array by anodization of thick aluminum evaporated on a noncompliant substrate such as silicon is made possible through a specially designed process for evaporating thick aluminum of high quality and good adhesion. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. USAF, Space Vehicle Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Yin, A (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Aijun_Yin@brown.edu; mtzolov@lhup.edu; dave.cardimona@kirtland.af.mil; jimmy_xu@brown.edu NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 5 IS 5 BP 564 EP 567 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2006.880433 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 086LK UT WOS:000240674600021 ER PT J AU Wang, X Ma, N Bliss, DF Iseler, GW AF Wang, X. Ma, N. Bliss, D. F. Iseler, G. W. TI Solute segregation during modified vertical gradient freezing of alloyed compound semiconductor crystals with magnetic and electric fields SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID SUBMERGED HEATER GROWTH; DOPANT SEGREGATION; CONVECTION; TRANSPORT AB Single crystals of gallium-aluminum-antimonide are solidified from a solution of molten gallium-antimonide and aluminum-antimonide. Electromagnetic stirring can be induced in the melt by applying a weak electric field together with a weak axial magnetic field. This paper presents a numerical model which uses a Chebyshev spectral collocation method with a second-order implicit time integration scheme with Gauss-Lobatto collocation points. This investigation models the unsteady motion and solute transport during vertical gradient freezing by submerged heater growth with electromagnetic stirring. The radial homogeneity in the crystal improves as the solute's concentration increases. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, SNHC, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ma, N (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nancy_ma@ncsu.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 49 IS 19-20 BP 3429 EP 3438 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.03.008 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 069JO UT WOS:000239442400015 ER PT J AU Byrd, LW Birman, V AF Byrd, Larry W. Birman, Victor TI Effect of temperature on stresses and delamination failure of z-pinned joints SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE composite joints; z-pins; fracture; temperature; residual stresses ID DOUBLE CANTILEVER BEAM; CRACK-PROPAGATION; Z-PINS; FRACTURE; THICKNESS; ARREST AB Although z-pins have been shown effective in preventing delaminations in adhesively bonded and co-cured joints, their applicability depends on a reliable assessment of the strength of a z-pin-composite assembly. In particular, high residual thermal stresses that have been found in experiments dictate the necessity in a local stress analysis. Elevated temperature applied to the joint during its lifetime may also affect its effectiveness in preventing delaminations. The present paper illustrates an approach to determining local residual stresses confirming the observations regarding a possible delamination and cracking in the composite structure due to high post-processing transverse stresses. The analysis of the effect of elevated temperature applied at one of the surfaces on the response of a z-pinned joint is conducted using the concept of a double cantilever beam with an "insulated" crack. In addition, it is illustrated that an elevated temperature may actually benefit the integrity of the joint if it causes an increase in the z-pin-composite interfacial strength. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Birman, V (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Engn Educ Ctr, 1 Univ Blvd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM vbirman@umr.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 48 IS 9 BP 938 EP 949 DI 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2006.03.014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 075JN UT WOS:000239881100003 ER PT J AU Foster, CA Law, MRF AF Foster, Craig A. Law, Melanie R. F. TI How many perspectives provide a compass? Differentiating 360-degree and multi-source feedback SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article ID JOB-PERFORMANCE; RATINGS AB Researchers have been inconsistent regarding (a) the relationship between 360 degrees feedback and multi-source feedback and (b) the definition of 360 degrees feedback. In the present paper, we review these topics and offer two solutions that could facilitate effective communication about these terms. C1 USAF Acad, DFBL, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Foster, CA (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFBL, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM craig.foster@usafa.af.mil NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0965-075X J9 INT J SELECT ASSESS JI Int. J. Sel. Assess. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 3 BP 288 EP 291 DI 10.1111/j.1468-2389.2006.00347.x PG 4 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 072SE UT WOS:000239692500008 ER PT J AU Canfield, RA Toth, RG Melville, R AF Canfield, Robert A. Toth, Raymond G. Melville, Reid TI Vibration and transonic flutter analysis for F-16 stores configuration clearance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE limit cycle oscillation; flutter; transonic flow; model tuning; frequency matching; antisymmetric vibration modes; dynamic instability; aerodynamic influence coefficients AB This paper supports quick and accurate prediction of the flutter onset speed of an F-16 Block 40/50 configured with external stores in the transonic flight regime. Current flutter prediction methods are reviewed and hypothesized mechanisms for limit cycle oscillation (LCO) are summarized. New efforts to correlate transonic small disturbance (TSD) theory methods with flight tests are outlined. Vibration analysis and structural optimization of an F-16 finite element model were used to match ground vibration testing results. Frequency tuning was found to be critical for accurate flutter speed predictions. Sensitivity to nonlinear aerodynamic effects and store modeling was examined. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Canfield, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT ENY, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Robert.Canfield@afit.edu RI Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0219-4554 J9 INT J STRUCT STAB DY JI Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 377 EP 395 DI 10.1142/S0219455406002039 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 078PI UT WOS:000240115300005 ER PT J AU Nichols, RH Heikkinen, BD AF Nichols, R. H. Heikkinen, B. D. TI Validation of implicit algorithms for unsteady flows including moving and deforming grids SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; COMPUTATIONS; CYLINDER AB Time-accurate Navier-Stokes flow solvers utilizing Newton and dual-time-step implicit subiteration algorithms have been investigated for both moving-body and deforming-grid applications. A set of relatively simple two-dimensional validation cases has been identified to assess the performance of these unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers with varying time-step size and number of subiterations. These cases demonstrate the advantages of second-order time derivatives and subiterations for unsteady-flow simulations. This investigation also indicates subiteration algorithms and large time steps can be used to reduce the computational cost of a given unsteady-flow simulation. C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Nichols, RH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1341 EP 1351 DI 10.2514/1.17111 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 100EH UT WOS:000241650100012 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, CC Canfield, RA Blair, M AF Rasmussen, Cody C. Canfield, Robert A. Blair, Maxwell TI Joined-wing sensor-craft configuration design. SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 45th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID OPTIMIZATION; AIRCRAFT AB An optimized configuration design using both structural and aerodynamic analyses of a joined-wing configuration is presented here. The joined-wing aircraft concept fulfills a proposed long-endurance surveillance mission and incorporates a load-bearing antenna structure embedded in the wing skin. A range of joined-wing configurations were trimmed for critical flight conditions and then structurally optimized for trimmed flight and gust loads to achieve a minimum weight for each single configuration. A response surface statistical analysis was then applied to determine optimized joined-wing aircraft configurations. The optimal configurations were then reanalyzed and verified by examining nonlinear structural deflection characteristics and analyzing material and aerodynamic distributions. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rasmussen, CC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rasmussen@afit.edu; robert.canfield@afit.edu; maxwell.blair@wpafb.af.mil RI Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1470 EP 1478 DI 10.2514/1.21951 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 100EH UT WOS:000241650100029 ER PT J AU Niemtzow, RC Gambel, J Helms, J Pock, A Burns, S Baxter, J AF Niemtzow, Richard C. Gambel, Jeffrey Helms, Joseph Pock, Arnyce Burns, Stephen Baxter, John TI Integrating ear and scalp acupuncture techniques into the care of blast-injured United States military service members with limb loss SO JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Helms Med Inst, Berkeley, CA USA. USAF Med Corps, Off Surg Gen, Bolling AFB, Washington, DC USA. Pentagon, Pentagon Flight Med Clin, Washington, DC USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Acupuncture Clin, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Niemtzow, RC (reprint author), 9800 Cherry Hill Rd, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM n5ev@aol.com NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1075-5535 J9 J ALTERN COMPLEM MED JI J. Altern. Complement Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 597 EP 599 DI 10.1089/acm.2006.597 PG 3 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 085MK UT WOS:000240608000001 ER PT J AU De Jong, MJ Hall, LA AF De Jong, Marla J. Hall, Lynne A. TI Measurement of anxiety for patients with cardiac disease - A critical review and analysis SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING LA English DT Review DE anxiety; heart disease; nursing assessment ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; DEPRESSION SCALE; HOSPITAL ANXIETY; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; HEART-FAILURE; PERCEIVED CONTROL; MAJOR DEPRESSION; RECOVERY; VALIDATION C1 Univ Kentucky, Coll Nursing, USAF, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Res & PhD Program, Lexington, KY USA. RP De Jong, MJ (reprint author), 3697 White Pine Dr, Lexington, KY 40514 USA. EM mdejong@aol.com NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0889-4655 J9 J CARDIOVASC NURS JI J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 412 EP 419 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Nursing SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Nursing GA 083QE UT WOS:000240472500016 PM 16966920 ER PT J AU Beran, PS Pettit, CL Millman, DR AF Beran, Philip S. Pettit, Chris L. Millman, Daniel R. TI Uncertainty quantification of limit-cycle oscillations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE uncertainty quantification; stochastic expansion; polynomial chaos expansion; harmonic balance; limit cycle oscillation; aeroelastic ID STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; EXPANSIONS AB Different computational methodologies have been developed to quantify the uncertain response of a relatively simple aeroelastic system in limit-cycle oscillation, subject to parametric variability. The aeroelastic system is that of a rigid airfoil, supported by pitch and plunge structural coupling, with nonlinearities in the component in pitch. The nonlinearities are adjusted to permit the formation of a either a subcritical or supercritical branch of limit-cycle oscillations. Uncertainties are specified in the cubic coefficient of the torsional spring and in the initial pitch angle of the airfoil. Stochastic projections of the time-domain and cyclic equations governing system response are carried out, leading to both intrusive and non-intrusive computational formulations. Non-intrusive formulations are examined using stochastic projections derived from Wiener expansions involving Haar wavelet and B-spline bases, while Wiener-Hermite expansions of the cyclic equations are employed intrusively and non-intrusively. Application of the B-spline stochastic projection is extended to the treatment of aerodynamic nonlinearities, as modeled through the discrete Euler equations. The methodologies are compared in terms of computational cost, convergence properties, ease of implementation, and potential for application to complex aeroelastic systems. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 VASD, AFRL, Multidisciplinary Technol Ctr, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, TPS, EDT, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Beran, PS (reprint author), VASD, AFRL, Multidisciplinary Technol Ctr, Air Vehicles Directorate, Bldg 146,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil; pettitcl@usna.edu; daniel.millman@edwards.af.mil RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 41 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 217 IS 1 BP 217 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.03.038 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 075SC UT WOS:000239904500013 ER PT J AU Rayasam, M Thompson, TB Subbarayan, G Gurumurthy, C Wilcox, JR AF Rayasam, Mahidhar Thompson, Terrace B. Subbarayan, Ganesh Gurumurthy, C. Wilcox, J. R. TI A model for assessing the shape of solder joints in the presence of PCB and package warpage SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Article AB Our goals in this paper are to develop and demonstrate a computationally efficient methodology for assessing the effect of circuit board warpage, component warpage, and solder volume variation on the shape of the solder joints in area array packages. The effect of warpage is analyzed using a two-step procedure in the present paper In the first step, the restoring forces and moments (in the molten state of solder droplet) that result from a given solder joint height, solder material volume, pad diameter and pad inclination are predicted using the surface tension theory. In the second step of the analysis, the forces and moments at individual solder joints caused by varying solder heights and pad tilts are combined to predict the equilibrium configuration of the package. A program written in the MATHEMATiCA (R) environment was developed to implement the above-described methodology. The developed procedure was validated on an experimental test vehicle with nine solder joints. The heights of solder joints computed by the program matched the experimentally measured heights to within +/- 5% error. Further the general capabilities of the modeling procedure are demonstrated by assuming complex combinations of package and PCB warpage. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. IBM Corp, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. RP Rayasam, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1043-7398 J9 J ELECTRON PACKAGING JI J. Electron. Packag. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 128 IS 3 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.1115/1.2227058 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 093AM UT WOS:000241139500002 ER PT J AU Doyle, SL Hodges, JS Pesun, IJ Law, AS Bowles, WR AF Doyle, Scott L. Hodges, James S. Pesun, Igor J. Law, Alan S. Bowles, Walter R. TI Retrospective cross sectional comparison of initial nonsurgical endodontic treatment and single-tooth implants SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE endodontic; implant; outcomes; time-to-function ID OSSEOINTEGRATED ORAL IMPLANTS; DENTAL IMPLANTS; TREATED TEETH; SUCCESS; FAILURES; OUTCOMES; QUALITY; TORONTO AB Initial root canal treatment and the replacement of a single tooth with implants are both viable treatment options, but various success rates have been reported for each treatment modality. This study compared 196 implant restorations and 196 matched initial nonsurgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) teeth in patients for four possible outcomes- success, survival, survival with subsequent treatment intervention and failure. Cross classifications/tabulations were analyzed using Pearson's chi(2) test for association of the two classifications (endo vs. implant and outcome). Polytomous regression with likelihood ratio tests were used in testing association with tooth location and outcome. Outcomes were as follows for implants and NSRCT outcomes, respectively: success 73.5% and 82.1%; survival with no intervention 2.6% and 8.2%; survival with intervention 17.9% and 3.6%; and failure 6.1% and 6.1%. Location of the restoration in the mouth did not affect outcome. This study suggests that restored endodontically treated teeth and single-tooth implant restorations have similar failure rates, although the implant group showed a longer average and median time to function and a higher incidence of postoperative complications requiring subsequent treatment intervention. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Dent, Div Endodont, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USAF, Langley AFB, Newport News, VA USA. RP Bowles, WR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Dent, Div Endodont, 8-166 Moos Tower,515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM bowle001@umn.edu NR 37 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 32 IS 9 BP 822 EP 827 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2006.06.002 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 084XY UT WOS:000240568900002 PM 16934623 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Numerical study of active flow control for a transitional highly loaded low-pressure turbine SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 17th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 06-09, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut DE active flow control; low-pressure turbine; high-order numerical method ID VORTEX-GENERATOR JETS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; DELTA-WING ROLL; SEPARATION CONTROL; FLUID-DYNAMICS; COMPUTATION; AIRFOILS; SCHEMES; BLADE; DNS AB Active control was simulated numerically for the subsonic flow through a highly loaded low-pressure turbine. The configuration approximated cascade experiments that were conducted to investigate a reduction in turbine stage blade count, which can decrease both weight and mechanical complexity. At a nominal Reynolds number of 25,000 based upon axial. chord and inlet conditions, massive separation occurred on the suction surface of each blade due to uncovered turning. Vortex generating jets were then used to help mitigate separation, thereby reducing wake losses. Computations were performed using both steady blowing and pulsed mass injection to study the effects of active flow control on the transitional flow occurring in the aft-blade and near-wake regions. The numerical method utilized a centered compact finite-difference scheme to represent spatial derivatives, that was used in conjunction with a low-pass Pade-type nondispersive filter operator to maintain stability. An implicit approximately factored time-marching algorithm was employed, and Newton-like subiterations were applied to achieve second-order temporal accuracy. Calculations were carried out on a massively parallel computing platform, using domain decomposition to distribute subzones on individual processors. A high-order overset grid approach preserved spatial accuracy in locally refined embedded regions. Features of the flowfields are described, and simulations are compared with each other, with available experimental data, and with a previously obtained baseline case for the noncontrolled flow. It was found that active flow control was able to maintain attached flow over an additional distance of 19-21% of the blade chord, relative to the baseline case, which resulted in a reduction of the wake total pressure loss coefficient of 53-56%. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div,VAAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Aeronaut Sci Div,VAAC, Bldg 146,Room 225,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM donald.rizzetta@afrl.af.mil; miguel.visbal@afrl.af.mil NR 57 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2006 VL 128 IS 5 BP 956 EP 967 DI 10.1115/1.2238877 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 088JL UT WOS:000240807900008 ER PT J AU Ta'ala, SC Berg, GE Haden, K AF Ta'ala, Sabrina C. Berg, Gregory E. Haden, Kathryn TI Blunt force cranial trauma in the Cambodian killing fields SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 21-26, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; cranial trauma; blunt force trauma; ring fracture; basilar fracture; execution AB In this paper we present a unique pattern of blunt force cranial trauma that was observed in 10 of a sample of 85 crania from a Cambodian skeletal collection comprised of Khmer Rouge victims. Initial examination of the trauma, which presents as substantial damage to the occipital with fractures extending to the cranial base, suggested the pattern was classifiable as a basilar or ring fracture. However, further investigation, including trauma analysis and historical research, revealed that this fracture type is distinctive from basilar and ring fractures. Historical data indicate that a particular execution method was the likely source of the trauma. Recognition of this trauma pattern is significant because it exemplifies the distinct fracture configuration resulting from an apparently categorical and methodical execution technique. Identification of this fracture type could potentially assist forensic investigators in the recognition of specific methods of murder or execution. C1 Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. Joseph A Jachimczyk Forens Ctr, Harris Cty Med Examiners Off, Houston, TX 77054 USA. RP Ta'ala, SC (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM sabrina.taala@ds.jpac.pacom.mil NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 51 IS 5 BP 996 EP 1001 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00219.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 087WO UT WOS:000240773700006 PM 17018075 ER PT J AU Lai, ST Tautz, M AF Lai, Shu T. Tautz, Maurice TI High-level spacecraft charging in eclipse at geosynchronous altitudes: A statistical study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA ANALYZER AB [ 1] We present the results of a statistical study on high-level ( above - 200V in magnitude) negative-voltage spacecraft charging in eclipse at geosynchronous altitudes. Theoretically, there exists a critical temperature T* for a surface material. Below T*, no spacecraft charging occurs. Since T* depends on the surface material, which differs from satellite to satellite, each is expected to have its own critical temperature. The theoretical results are compared with the coordinated space-environmental parameter data obtained by the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) geosynchronous satellites. The LANL data include spacecraft charging events measured on several geosynchronous satellites, in eclipse and in sunlight, over several years. We have found a nearly linear trend, or better described by a quadratic one, between the spacecraft potential and the ambient electron temperature for potentials below in magnitude of about - 5 kV. Extrapolation of the linear trend to zero volts shows an intercept at a finite temperature which agrees reasonably well with the critical temperature predicted by theory. The existence of a critical electron temperature is useful for informing decision and operational support of geosynchronous spacecraft with enhanced knowledge. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. AER Radex Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM shu.lai@hanscom.af.mil NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A9 AR A09201 DI 10.1029/2004JA010733 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 081SR UT WOS:000240337800001 ER PT J AU Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC Misra, P AF Knopp, Jeremy S. Aldrin, John. C. Misra, Pradeep TI Considerations in the validation and application of models for eddy current inspection of cracks around fastener holes SO JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE eddy current; cracks; modeling; model validation; model convergence ID CURRENT PROBE IMPEDANCE; HALF-SPACE; SIMULATION; FLAWS AB To improve the detection and characterization of cracks around fastener holes in multilayer structures without removing the fastener, model-based approaches are proposed to support the design of advanced eddy current (EC) NDE systems. This work demonstrates the validation and application of models to simulate EC inspection as part of the design process. The volume integral method (VIM) and finite element method (FEM) are both used to simulate eddy current inspection of fastener sites for fatigue cracks. Convergence studies, validation with existing models, experimental validation studies and validation through inverse method demonstrations are presented, providing a continuum of methods to ensure the quality of measurement models. Consideration concerning convergence and validation is also given with features sensitive to the sample geometry and flaw characteristics. A novel calibration technique is also presented to practically evaluate the transformation between model-based impedance calculations and experimental voltage data. A series of studies are presented concerning the detection of cracks around fastener holes demonstrating the quality of the simulated data to represent experimental measurements. C1 USAF, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Knopp, JS (reprint author), USAF, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Res Lab, MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeremy.knopp@wpafb.af.mil NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9298 J9 J NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI J. Nondestruct. Eval. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 25 IS 3 BP 123 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s10921-006-0008-3 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 095BY UT WOS:000241284400002 ER PT J AU Fink, ML Stoneman, PD AF Fink, Michael L. Stoneman, Paul D. TI Deep vein thrombosis in an athletic military cadet SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE blood; pulmonary embolism; screening ID VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; CLINICAL-PREDICTION; SEASONAL-VARIATION; LOWER-EXTREMITY; PRIMARY-CARE; BAKERS CYST; RISK-FACTOR; DIAGNOSIS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY AB Study Design: Resident's case problem. Background: A 21-year-old healthy athletic male military cadet with complaint of worsening diffuse left knee pain was evaluated 4 days after onset. The knee pain began 2 ours after completing a long car trip, worsened over the subsequent 3 days, and became almost unbearable during the return trip. The patient reported constant pain, limited knee motion, an] difficulty ambulating. In addition, he was unable to perform physical military training or attend academic classes due to the severe left knee pain. Past medical history revealed a mild left lateral calf strain 2 1/2 weeks prior, which completely resolved within 24 hours of onset. Diagnosis: Our physical examination led us to either monoarticular arthritis, pseudothrombophlebitis (ruptured Baker's cyst), or a lower leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as the cause of knee pain. Diagnostic imaging of this patient revealed a left superficial femoral vein thrombosis and popliteal DVT, with bilateral pulmonary emboli (PE). Discussion: A systematic differential diagnosis was undertaken to rule out a potentially fatal DVT diagnosis as the cause of knee pain, despite minimal DVT risk factors. The physical therapist in a direct-access setting must ensure timely evaluation and referral of a suspected DVT, even when patient demographics cause the practitioner to question the likelihood of this diagnosis. The physical examination findings, clinical suspicion, and established clinical prediction rules can accurately dictate the appropriate referral action necessary. C1 US Mil Acad, US Mil Baylor Univ Post Profess Phys Therapy Spor, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Fink, ML (reprint author), USAF Acad, Cadet Phys Therapy Clin, 4102 Pinion Dr,Suite 100, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Michael.fink@usafa.af.mil NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 36 IS 9 BP 686 EP 697 DI 10.2519/jospt.2006.2251 PG 12 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 083GQ UT WOS:000240444800008 PM 17017274 ER PT J AU Baillargeon, J Langevin, AM Lewis, M Estrada, J Mullins, J Pitney, A Ma, JZ Chisholm, GB Pollock, BH AF Baillargeon, Jacques Langevin, Anne-Marie Lewis, Margaret Estrada, Jaime Mullins, Judith Pitney, Aaron Ma, Jennie Z. Chisholm, Gary B. Pollock, Brad H. TI Obesity and survival in a cohort of predominantly Hispanic children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acute lymphoblastic leukemia; body mass index; obesity; cancer risk; Hispanic ID BREAST-CANCER; ADOLESCENT OBESITY; BODY-WEIGHT; OVERWEIGHT; CHEMOTHERAPY; CHILDHOOD; PROGNOSIS; THERAPY AB Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common malignancy in children, constitutes 25% of all pediatric cancer. Childhood cancer patients who are obese at diagnosis represent a particular challenge for the oncologist. Obesity may complicate chemotherapy dose determination, and has been associated with decreased overall and event-free survival in a number of adult cancer patients, and more recently in pediatric patients. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether obesity at diagnosis was associated with decreased overall and event-free survival in a cohort of 322 predominantly Hispanic pediatric patients with B-precursor ALL. Obesity was classified as an age-standardized and sex-standardized body mass index z-score at or above the 95th percentile. Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall and event-free survival were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Obesity at diagnosis was not associated with decreased overall survival (HR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval = 0.69-2.87) or event-free survival (HR = 1.08, 95% confidence interval = 0.65-1.82) in the overall cohort or in either of the 2 age-at-diagnosis (2 to 9y; 10 to 18y) subgroups. Our finding of no obesity-related prognostic effect in the overall cohort and in the under 2 to 9-year age-at-diagnosis cohort was consistent with the previous large-scale study of ALL patients; the absence of a prognostic effect in the 10 to 18-year age-at-diagnosis cohort, however, conflicted with previous findings. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Childrens Hosp, San Antonio, TX USA. Methodist Childrens Hosp S Texas, Div Pediat Hematol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Pediat Hematol Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Driscoll Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Hematol Oncol, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Baillargeon, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MSC 7933, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM baillargeon@uthscsa.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA11078] NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1077-4114 J9 J PEDIAT HEMATOL ONC JI J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 28 IS 9 BP 575 EP 578 DI 10.1097/01.mph.0000212985.33941.d8 PG 4 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 095MI UT WOS:000241311500006 PM 17006263 ER PT J AU Fischer, RJ AF Fischer, Robert J. TI Symptomatic cesarean scar diverticulum: A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cesarean section; scars; diverticulum; gestational trophoblastic neoplasms; vaginal bleeding ID LESIONS AB BACKGROUND: Extrauterine lesions of intermediate trophoblast have occurred in and around fallopian tubes and ovaries and are thought to result from an exaggerated trophoblastic response to the implantation site of a previous ectopic pregnancy. Additionally, cesarean scar defects have recently been identified as a source of persistent, irregular vaginal bleeding in women and can be identified by pelvic ultrasound. CASE: A 35-year-old woman presented with irregular vaginal bleeding in association with an anterior extrauterine cystic mass detected by pelvic ultrasound and thought to represent a cesarean scar defect. Subsequent histology revealed an endometrial diverticulum lined with chorionic-type intermediate trophoblast, a subpopulation of trophoblast that composes placental site nodules. CONCLUSION: This was the first case of a lesion of intermediate trophoblast occurring in a cesarean scar diverticulum. C1 1st Fighter Wing Hosp SGOBO, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, USAF, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. RP Fischer, RJ (reprint author), 1st Fighter Wing Hosp SGOBO, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, USAF, 45 Pine St, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. EM robert.fischer@langley.af.mil NR 8 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU J REPROD MED INC PI ST LOUIS PA 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 51 IS 9 BP 742 EP 744 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 086WB UT WOS:000240702600017 PM 17039709 ER PT J AU Ngalande, C Lilly, T Killingsworth, M Gimelshein, S Ketsdever, A AF Ngalande, C. Lilly, T. Killingsworth, M. Gimelshein, S. Ketsdever, A. TI Nozzle plume impingement on spacecraft surfaces: Effects of surface roughness SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB An experimental and numerical effort was undertaken to assess the effects of a cold-gas (T(o)= 300 K) nozzle plume impinging on simulated spacecraft surfaces. The nozzle flow impingement is investigated experimentally using a nanonewton resolution force balance and numerically using the direct simulation Monte Carlo numerical technique. The Reynolds number range investigated in this study is from approximately 2 to 350 using nitrogen propellant. The thrust produced by the nozzle was first assessed on a force balance to provide a baseline case. Subsequently, aluminum plates were attached to the same force balance parallel to the plume flow to simulate spacecraft surfaces in proximity to the thruster. Three plates were used, an electropolished plate with smooth surface and two rough surface plates with equally spaced rectangular and triangular grooves. A 15% degradation in thrust was observed both experimentally and numerically for the plate relative to the free plume expansion case. The effect of surface roughness on thrust was found to be small due to molecules backscattered from the plate to the nozzle plenum wall. Additionally, the influence of surface roughness in the diverging part of the nozzle on thrust was examined numerically and found to be significant at Reynolds numbers less than 10. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Nonequilibrium Flows Grp, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Ngalande, C (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1013 EP 1018 DI 10.2514/1.19321 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 101PQ UT WOS:000241753200009 ER PT J AU Kundu, T Banerjee, S Jata, KV AF Kundu, Tribikram Banerjee, Sourav Jata, Kumar V. TI An experimental investigation of guided wave propagation in corrugated plates showing stop bands and pass bands SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TRACTION-FREE BOUNDARY; ELASTIC HALF-SPACE; PERIODIC STRUCTURES; SURFACE-WAVES; STOPBANDS; PASSBANDS; INTERFACE; MEDIA; MODES; BEAMS AB Nonplanar surfaces are often encountered in engineering structures. In aerospace structures, periodically corrugated boundaries are formed by friction-stir-welding. In civil engineering structures, rebars used in reinforced concrete beams and slabs have periodic surface. Periodic structures are also being used to create desired acoustic band gaps. For health monitoring of these structures, a good understanding of the elastic wave propagation through such periodic structures is necessary. Although a number of research papers on the wave propagation in periodic structures are available in the literature, no one experimentally investigated the guided wave propagation through plates with periodic boundaries and compared the experimental results with theoretical predictions as done in this paper. The experimental results clearly show that elastic waves can propagate through the corrugated plate (waveguide) for certain frequencies called "pass bands," and find it difficult to propagate for some other frequencies called "stop bands." Stop bands are found to increase with the degree of corrugation. Experimental results are compared with the theoretical predictions, and good matching is observed for plates with small degree of corrugation. Only two parameters-the depth of corrugation and the wavelength of the periodicity-are sufficient for modeling the elastic wave propagation in slightly corrugated plates. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kundu, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tkundu@email.arizona.edu; sourav@email.arizona.edu; kumar.jata@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 120 IS 3 BP 1217 EP 1226 DI 10.1121/1.2221534 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 083QU UT WOS:000240474100008 ER PT J AU McFarland, MJ Rasmussen, SL Stone, DA Palmer, GR Wander, JD AF McFarland, Michael J. Rasmussen, Steve L. Stone, Daniel A. Palmer, Glenn R. Wander, Joseph D. TI Validation of the Digital Opacity Compliance System under regulatory enforcement conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Emission Measurement Center in conjunction with EPA Regions VI and VIII, the state of Utah, and the U.S. Department of Defense have conducted a series of long-term pilot and field tests to determine the accuracy and reliability of a visible opacity monitoring system consisting of a conventional digital camera and a separate computer software application for plume opacity determination. This technology, known as the Digital Opacity Compliance System (DOCS), has been successfully demonstrated at EPA-sponsored Method-9 "smoke schools," as well as at a number of government and commercially operated industrial facilities. Results from the current DOCS regulatory pilot study demonstrated that, under regulatory enforcement conditions, the average difference in opacity measurement between the DOCS technology and EPA Reference Method 9 (Method 9) was 1.12%. This opacity difference, which was computed from the evaluation of 241 regulated air sources, was found to be statistically significant at the 99% confidence level. In evaluating only those sources for which a nonzero visible opacity level was recorded, the average difference in opacity measurement between the DOCS technology and Method 9 was 1.20%. These results suggest that the two opacity measurement methods are essentially equivalent when measuring the opacity of visible emissions. Given the costs and technical limitations associated with use of Method 9, there is a recognized need to develop accurate, reproducible, and scientifically defensible alternatives to the use of human observers. The use of digital imaging/processing brings current technology to bear on this important regulatory issue. Digital technology offers increased accuracy, a permanent record of measurement events, lower costs, and a scientifically defensible approach for opacity determination. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. CEVC, CEG, Hill AFB, UT USA. Engn & Serv Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP McFarland, MJ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM farlandm@msn.com NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1260 EP 1266 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 080MN UT WOS:000240252000004 PM 17004681 ER PT J AU Arzola, J Baughman, SM Bishoff, JT Hernandez, J AF Arzola, Jorge Baughman, Steven M. Bishoff, Jay T. Hernandez, Javier TI Technique of percutaneous, CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of small renal lesions under conscious sedation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Session of the Surgical Forum 2006 Clinical Congress CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Chicago, IL C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 203 IS 3 SU S BP S98 EP S98 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.05.256 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 082SF UT WOS:000240406800213 ER PT J AU Semet, V Cahay, M Binh, VT Fairchild, S Wu, X Lockwood, DJ AF Semet, V. Cahay, M. Binh, Vu Thien Fairchild, S. Wu, X. Lockwood, D. J. TI Patchwork field emission properties of lanthanum monosulfide thin films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 10-14, 2005 CL St Catherins Coll, Oxford Univ, Oxford, ENGLAND HO St Catherins Coll, Oxford Univ ID MICROSCOPY AB The field emission properties of lanthanum monosulfide (LaS) films, deposited on Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition, have been thoroughly analyzed via the scanning anode field emission microscopy technique. Using the conventional Fowler-Nordheim relation, the work function of LaS thin films has been extracted from the slope of the plot ln(J/F-2) vs 1/F, where J is the field emission current density and F is the local applied electric field. The threshold for an emission current density of 1 mA/cm(2) occurs around a 230 V/mu m electric field applied across the vacuum gap. This leads to an outstanding, reproducible effective work function value of similar to 1 eV across a 1 cm(2) sample area. (c) 2006 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, LPMCN, Equipe Emiss Electron, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Cincinnati, ECECS Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Binh, VT (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, LPMCN, Equipe Emiss Electron, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. EM vuthien.binh@lpmcn.univ-lyon1.fr NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 24 IS 5 BP 2412 EP 2416 DI 10.1116/1.2354161 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 097VF UT WOS:000241476500038 ER PT J AU Salem, AA Langdon, TG McNelley, TR Kalidindi, SR Semiatin, SL AF Salem, A. A. Langdon, T. G. McNelley, T. R. Kalidindi, S. R. Semiatin, S. L. TI Strain-path effects on the evolution of microstructure and texture during the severe-plastic deformation of aluminum SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALLINE ALUMINUM; ULTRAFINE-GRAINED ALUMINUM; DEFORMED METAL CRYSTALS; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; PURITY ALUMINUM; FCC METALS; TEMPERATURE CREEP; PURE ALUMINUM; STAGE-IV; CHANNEL AB Microstructure and texture evolution during the severe-plastic deformation (SPD) of unalloyed aluminum were investigated to establish the effect of processing route and purity level on grain refinement and subgrain formation. Two lots of aluminum with different purity levels (99.998 pct Al and 99 pct Al) were subjected to large plastic strains at room temperature via four different deformation processes: equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE), sheet rolling, conventional conical-die extrusion, and uniaxial compression. Following deformation, microstructures and textures were determined using orientation-imaging microscopy. In commercial-purity aluminum, the various deformation routes yielded an ultrafine microstructure with a similar to 1.5-mu m grain size, deduced to have been formed via a dynamic-recovery mechanism. For high-purity aluminum, on the other hand, the minimum grain size produced after the various routes was similar to 20 mu m; the high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) and the absence of subgrains/deformation bands in the final microstructure suggested the occurrence of discontinuous static recrystallization following the large plastic deformation at room temperature. The microstructure differences were underscored by the mechanical properties following four ECAE passes. The yield strength of commercial-purity aluminum quadrupled, whereas the high-purity aluminum showed only a minor increase relative to the annealed condition. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Salem, AA (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ayman.salem@wpafb.af.mil RI Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; Kalidindi, Surya/A-1024-2007; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502; Kalidindi, Surya/0000-0001-6909-7507 NR 58 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 37A IS 9 BP 2879 EP 2891 DI 10.1007/BF02586120 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 082AD UT WOS:000240357800025 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Yun, HC Roop, SA Hospenthal, DR Gourdine, E Dooley, DP AF Murray, Clinton K. Yun, Heather C. Roop, Stuart A. Hospenthal, Duane R. Gourdine, Emmett Dooley, David P. TI Bacteria recovered from patients admitted to a deployed US military hospital in Baghdad, Iraq SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Armed-Forces-Infectious-Disease-Society CY APR 05-08, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Armed Forces Infect Dis Soc AB The predominant bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibilities were surveyed from a deployed, military, tertiary care facility in Baghdad, Iraq, serving U.S. troops, coalition forces, and Iraqis, from August 2003 through July 2004. We included cultures of blood, wounds, sputum, and urine, for a total of 908 cultures; 176 of these were obtained from U.S. troops. The bacteria most commonly isolated from U.S. troops were coagulase-negative staphylococci, accounting for 34% of isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (26%), and streptococcal species (11%). The 732 cultures obtained from the predominantly Iraqi population were Klebsiella pneumoniae (13%), Acinetobacter baumannii (11%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%); coagulase-negative staphylococci represented 21% of these isolates. These differences in prevalence were all statistically significant, when compared in e analyses (p < 0.05). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated broad resistance among the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Bliss, TX 79920 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Bliss, TX 79920 USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 821 EP 825 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084LN UT WOS:000240534500003 ER PT J AU Dremsa, TL Ryan-Wenger, NA Reineck, C AF Dremsa, Theresa Lynn Ryan-Wenger, Nancy A. Reineck, Carol TI Reliability and validity testing of a short form of the readiness estimate and deployability index revised for air force nurses SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; US ARMY SOLDIERS; FEMALE SOLDIERS; CASUALTIES; FREEDOM; COMBAT; TRAUMA; HEALTH AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Readiness Estimate and Deployability Index Revised for Air Force Nurses Short Form, with a sample of 205 Air Force nurses. Participants were mostly female (70%), 36.31 +/- 9.3 years of age, with 11.52 +/- 7.17 years of nursing experience. Methods: With structural equation modeling, the initial model did not fit the data (chi(2)/df = 5.45) and was revised. Results: Revisions based on modification indices provided evidence of reliability (a coefficients of 0.70-0.94; the majority of R-2 values were >0.50) and improved the fit of the model (chi(2) difference, 35.54; df difference, 3.76; p < 0.05). Hypothesis testing provided evidence of construct validity. Conclusions: The 40-item Readiness Estimate and Deployability Index Revised for Air Force Nurses Short Form provides evidence of reliability and validity as a self-assessment measure of deployment preparedness. C1 59th Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Nursing, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Acute Nursing Care, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Dremsa, TL (reprint author), 59th Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 879 EP 884 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084LN UT WOS:000240534500016 PM 17036611 ER PT J AU Clark, KR Neal, TA Johnson, TE AF Clark, Krystyn R. Neal, Thomas A. Johnson, Thomas E. TI Creation of an innovative laser incident reporting form for improved trend analysis using the Delphi technique SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EYE INJURIES; EXPOSURE AB With expanding numbers of laser applications, there is greater potential for laser radiation exposures. Proper surveillance and evaluation of laser incidents can lead to better injury prevention and more efficient medical treatment. Current laser incident databases do not provide sufficient information for surveillance and analysis of laser trends. A laser incident reporting form (LIRF) was created for U.S. Air Force applications by using the Delphi technique. To create the LIRF, four expert panels were formed by 40 health and safety professionals experienced with laser systems and medical evaluation of laser incidents. After three rounds of surveys, the final LIRF contained 100 data collection fields identifying the most valuable items for injury trend analysis. Although the LIRF was initially developed to collect USAF laser incident information, it could potentially act as the cornerstone for a new system serving the entire military system. C1 USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Radiat Surveillance Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Clark, KR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Radiat Surveillance Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 171 IS 9 BP 894 EP 899 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 084LN UT WOS:000240534500019 PM 17036614 ER PT J AU Newmiller, W AF Newmiller, William TI The 666 coin-op (US 666 to become 491) SO NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Newmiller, W (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTHERN IOWA PI CEDAR FALLS PA 1222 W 27TH ST, CEDAR FALLS, IA 50614 USA SN 0029-2397 J9 N AM REV JI North Am. Rev. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 291 IS 5 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 121RR UT WOS:000243175200021 ER PT J AU Page, SM McKenna, DS AF Page, Sarah M. McKenna, David S. TI Vasospasm of the nipple presenting as painful lactation SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAYNAUDS-PHENOMENON AB Background: Breast pain is a common complaint among lactating women. Vasospasm of the nipple should be considered in the differential diagnosis of breast pain, particularly when no other signs of infection or trauma are encountered. This report demonstrates a case of vasospasm successfully treated with nifedipine. Case: A 26-year-old breastfeeding multipara presented with intermittent episodes of extreme pain associated with blanching of the nipple. The pain subsided upon return of normal color to the nipple. She was able to continue breastfeeding after successful treatment wit nifedipine. Conclusion: Vasospasm of the nipple causes severe episodic breast pain and may lead to discontinuation of breastfeeding if not appropriately treated. This phenomenon is not well reported in the obstetric and gynecologic literature, although the obstetrician may be the first physician to evaluate a patient with symptoms. Patients with episodic nipple pain and pallor can be successfully treated with nifedipine. C1 Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Obstet, Dayton, OH USA. Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Page, SM (reprint author), 88 SGOG,SGCG,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Sarah.page@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 108 IS 3 BP 806 EP 808 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000214671.19023.68 PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 175UC UT WOS:000247038500040 PM 17018510 ER PT J AU Zeng, D Latham, WP Kar, A AF Zeng, D. Latham, W. P. Kar, A. TI Characteristic analysis of a refractive axicon system for optical trepanning SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE axicon; optical trepanning; annular beam; geometric optics; diffraction ID DIFFRACTIVE AXICONS; DESIGN; BEAMS; LENS; LIGHT; ILLUMINATION; ATOMS; FOCUS AB An annular beam provides a new laser drilling mechanism, which we refer to as optical trepanning. A refractive axicon system has been designed to transform an input Gaussian laser beam into a collimated annular beam. The diffractive effects of the axicon system and a convex lens focusing the collimated annular beam have been studied using the Fresnel diffraction integral. The theoretical diffraction patterns are compared with the patterns measured with a laser-beam analyzer. The results show that the refractive axicon system can produce Gaussian-like annular beams with the capability of easily adjusting the size of the annular beam. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept,Laser Aided Mfg Mat &, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zeng, D (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept,Laser Aided Mfg Mat &, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 45 IS 9 AR 094302 DI 10.1117/1.2353119 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 100JY UT WOS:000241665800017 ER PT J AU Lin, AL Johnson, DA Sims, CA Stephan, KT Yeh, CK AF Lin, Alan L. Johnson, Dorthea A. Sims, Carol Ann Stephan, Kevin T. Yeh, Chih-Ko TI Salivary gland function in HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) SO ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY AND ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ANTICANDIDAL ACTIVITIES; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; PAROTID-SALIVA; AIDS; TRIMETHOPRIM; HYPOURICEMIA; CANDIDIASIS; IMPACT AB Objective. This study was undertaken to determine if HAART alters salivary oral host defense in HIV(+) men. Study design. Whole, parotid, and submandibular/sublingual saliva was collected from 39 healthy men and 147 HIV(+) patients with mild to moderate immune dysfunction (69 treated with HAART [HAART(+)]; 78 not treated [HAART(-)]). Salivary flow rates, anticandidal activities, electrolytes, and antimicrobial/antifungal proteins were determined. Results. While CD4(+) cell counts were not different between the HIV(+) groups, the median viral load for HAART(-) was 15 times greater than HAART(+). For both HAART groups, salivary yeast carriage rates and concentration were comparable and both showed similar reductions in salivary flow rates. Salivary anticandidal activities were not altered. Saliva composition of both HIV(+) groups was different from control, but only uric acid in parotid saliva of HAART(+) differed from HAART(-). Conclusions. HAART does not adversely affect inherent salivary oral host defense in HIV(+) patients with mild to moderate immune dysfunction. C1 S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie Murphy Div, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Dent Diagnost Sci, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Community Dent, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Yeh, CK (reprint author), S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Audie Murphy Div, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM Yeh@uthscsa.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-01346]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE12188] NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1079-2104 J9 ORAL SURG ORAL MED O JI Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 102 IS 3 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.07.021 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 084AA UT WOS:000240502600009 PM 16920540 ER PT J AU Maturo, SC Mair, EA AF Maturo, Stephen C. Mair, Eric A. TI Coblation lingual tonsillectomy SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Letter ID EXCISION C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Maturo, SC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 135 IS 3 BP 487 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.04.015 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 082FF UT WOS:000240371400032 PM 16949992 ER PT J AU Martin, SD Bush, AC Lynch, JA AF Martin, Shelly D. Bush, Anneke C. Lynch, Julia A. TI A national survey of terrorism preparedness training among pediatric, family practice, and emergency medicine programs SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE terrorism; residency training; medical education; child; pediatrics; emergency medicine; family practice; biological agents; chemical agents; thermomechanical explosions; radiation ID SUBWAY SARIN ATTACK; BIOTERRORISM AB OBJECTIVES. Domestic terrorism is a real threat focusing on a need to engage in effective emergency preparedness planning and training. Front-line physicians are an important component of any emergency preparedness plan. Potential victims of an attack include children who have unique physiologic and psychological vulnerabilities in disasters. Front-line providers need to have adequate training to effectively participate in local planning initiatives and to recognize and treat casualties including children. The goal of the survey was to assess the current state of terrorism preparedness training, including child victims, by emergency medicine, family practice, and pediatric residency programs in the United States and to assess methods of training and barriers to establishing effective training. METHODS. A survey was e-mailed to a comprehensive list of all US pediatric, family practice, and emergency medicine residency programs 3 times between September 2003 and January 2004. The survey measured the perceived risk of terrorist attack, level of training by type of attack, level of training regarding children, method of training, and barriers to training. RESULTS. Overall, 21% of programs responded (46 of 182 pediatric, 75 of 400 family practice, and 29 of 125 emergency medicine programs). Across all of the event types, emergency medicine programs were more likely to report adequate/comprehensive training. However, < 50% of emergency medicine programs report adequate training for children. Didactic classroom-based lectures were the most commonly used method of training. Emergency medicine programs were more likely to use scenario-based exercises. Among programs that use scenario exercises, 93% report that they never (40%) or only sometimes (53%) incorporate child victims into the scenarios. Time, funding, access to subject matter experts, and availability of training material are the most important barriers to effective training. CONCLUSIONS. Children are a precious national resource and a vulnerable population in disasters. Despite the availability of terrorism preparedness funding, these data suggest that we are failing to provide adequate training to frontline providers who may care for children in a catastrophic domestic terrorist event. C1 San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Pediat Ctr, San Antonio Mil, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Martin, SD (reprint author), Hasbro Childrens Hosp, Child Protect Program, 593 Eddy St,Potter Basement 005, Providence, RI 02903 USA. EM smartin5@lifespan.org NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3 BP E620 EP E626 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-1875 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NX UT WOS:000240959100086 PM 16950954 ER PT J AU Lilly, TC Gimelshein, SF Ketsdever, AD Markelov, GN AF Lilly, T. C. Gimelshein, S. F. Ketsdever, A. D. Markelov, G. N. TI Measurements and computations of mass flow and momentum flux through short tubes in rarefied gases SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; SIMULATION; NUMBERS AB Gas flows through orifices and short tubes have been extensively studied from the 1960s through the 1980s for both fundamental and practical reasons. These flows are a basic and often important element of various modern gas driven instruments. Recent advances in micro- and nanoscale technologies have paved the way for a generation of miniaturized devices in various application areas, from clinical analyses to biochemical detection to aerospace propulsion. The latter is the main area of interest of this study, where rarefied gas flow into a vacuum through short tubes with thickness-to-diameter ratios varying from 0.015 to 1.2 is investigated both experimentally and numerically with kinetic and continuum approaches. Helium and nitrogen gases are used in the range of Reynolds numbers from 0.02 to 770 (based on the tube diameter), corresponding to Knudsen numbers from 40 down to about 0.001. Propulsion properties of relatively thin and thick tubes are examined. Good agreement between experimental and numerical results is observed for mass flow rate and momentum flux, the latter being corrected for the experimental facility background pressure. For thick-to-thin tube ratios of mass flow and momentum flux versus pressure, a minimum is observed at a Knudsen number of about 0.5. A short tube propulsion efficiency is shown to be much higher than that of a thin orifice. The effect of surface specularity on a thicker tube specific impulse was found to be relatively small. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Adv Operat & Engn Serv, NL-2332 KG Leiden, Netherlands. RP Lilly, TC (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD SEP PY 2006 VL 18 IS 9 AR 093601 DI 10.1063/1.2345681 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 089JV UT WOS:000240877600014 ER PT J AU von Seidlein, L Kim, DR Ali, M Lee, H Wang, X Thiem, VD Canh, DG Chaicumpa, W Agtini, MD Hossain, A Bhutta, ZA Mason, C Sethabutr, O Talukder, K Nair, GB Deen, JL Kotloff, K Clemens, J AF von Seidlein, Lorenz Kim, Deok Ryun Ali, Mohammad Lee, Hyejon Wang, XuanYi Thiem, Vu Dinh Canh, Do Gia Chaicumpa, Wanpen Agtini, Magdarina D. Hossain, Anowar Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Mason, Carl Sethabutr, Ornthipa Talukder, Kaisar Nair, G. B. Deen, Jacqueline L. Kotloff, Karen Clemens, John TI A multicentre study of Shigella diarrhoea in six Asian countries: Disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ENTEROINVASIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HEALTH-CARE USE; DYSENTERIAE TYPE-1; FLEXNERI 2A; GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; NORTH JAKARTA; NHA-TRANG; STRAINS; SEROTYPES; INDIA AB Background The burden of shigellosis is greatest in resource-poor countries. Although this diarrheal disease has been thought to cause considerable morbidity and mortality in excess of 1,000,000 deaths globally per year, little recent data are available to guide intervention strategies in Asia. We conducted a prospective, population-based study in six Asian countries to gain a better understanding of the current disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology of shigellosis in Asia. Methods and Findings Over 600,000 persons of all ages residing in Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand were included in the surveillance. Shigella was isolated from 2,927 (5%) of 56,958 diarrhoea episodes detected between 2000 and 2004. The overall incidence of treated shigellosis was 2.1 episodes per 1,000 residents per year in all ages and 13.2/1,000/y in children under 60 months old. Shigellosis incidence increased after age 40 years. S. flexneri was the most frequently isolated Shigella species (1,976/ 2,927 [68%]) in all sites except in Thailand, where S. sonnei was most frequently detected (124/146 [85%]). S. flexneri serotypes were highly heterogeneous in their distribution from site to site, and even from year to year. PCR detected ipaH, the gene encoding invasion plasmid antigen H in 33% of a sample of culture-negative stool specimens. The majority of S. flexneri isolates in each site were resistant to amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole. Ciprofloxacin-resistant S. flexneri isolates were identified in China (18/305 [6%]), Pakistan (8/242 [3%]), and Vietnam (5/282 [2%]). Conclusions Shigella appears to be more ubiquitous in Asian impoverished populations than previously thought, and antibiotic-resistant strains of different species and serotypes have emerged. Focusing on prevention of shigellosis could exert an immediate benefit first by substantially reducing the overall diarrhoea burden in the region and second by preventing the spread of panresistant Shigella strains. The heterogeneous distribution of Shigella species and serotypes suggest that multivalent or cross-protective Shigella vaccines will be needed to prevent shigellosis in Asia. C1 Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. Fudan Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Thammasat Univ, Rangsit Ctr, Fac Allied Hlth Sci, Pathum Thani, Thailand. Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. Minist Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia. Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat, Karachi, Pakistan. USAF, Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP von Seidlein, L (reprint author), Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. EM lseidlein@ivi.int RI kotloff, karen/E-7768-2012; Ali, Mohammad/E-2365-2017; OI kotloff, karen/0000-0003-1808-6431; Ali, Mohammad/0000-0003-1410-388X; MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 NR 43 TC 197 Z9 203 U1 3 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1556 EP 1569 AR e353 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030353 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 103YT UT WOS:000241923800023 PM 16968124 ER PT J AU Crane, RL Hayward, D McConnell, B Pethrick, RA Mulholland, AJ Mckee, S MacKay, C AF Crane, Robert L. Hayward, David McConnell, Barry Pethrick, Richard A. Mulholland, Anthony J. McKee, Sean MacKay, Cameron TI Assessment of adhesively bonded aluminium joints by high frequency dielectric measurements SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The most significant environmental factor in the degradation of adhesively bonded aluminium joints is moisture ingress. Water degrades the adhesive by plasticisation and hydrolysis, leading to failure with in the adhesive, it hydrates the oxide layer disrupting the adhesive/metal interface leading to interfacial failure. Since water is a polar material dielectric measurements are an effective means of detecting water at low concentrations. Dielectric techniques which use the aluminium adherends as the electrodes are capable of non-destructive measurement within a joint without the use of embedded sensors and if the frequencies employed are high enough (similar to GHz) then spatial information (similar to cms) on the water distribution should be available. In addition measurements over a large frequency spectrum can yield information on the interaction of the water within the adhesive, important in deducing the mechanisms by which the water diffuses through the adhesive and the interface. C1 USAF, Non Destruct Testing Lab, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Math, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP Crane, RL (reprint author), USAF, Non Destruct Testing Lab, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 42 IS 5 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 075IP UT WOS:000239878500004 ER PT J AU Boehlert, CJ Cowen, CJ Tamirisakandala, S McEldowney, DJ Miracle, DB AF Boehlert, C. J. Cowen, C. J. Tamirisakandala, S. McEldowney, D. J. Miracle, D. B. TI In situ scanning electron microscopy observations of tensile deformation in a boron-modified Ti-6Al-4V alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE titanium alloys; SEM; tension test; fracture ID TITANIUM MATRIX COMPOSITES; TI COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR AB In situ scanning electron microscopy was performed during both room temperature and 480 degrees C tensile deformation of a boron-modified Ti-6Al-4V alloy, in order to characterize the deformation evolution. The sequence of observable surface deformation events was: TiB whisker microcracking at stresses well below the global yield stress, multiple and extensive TiB cracking after global yielding, alpha + beta phase slip emanating from the cracked TiB whiskers, localized shear band formation and propagation leading to cracking in the alpha + beta phases, and ductile sample failure. TiB cracking was also observed throughout the subsurface locations on post-deformed samples. The early microcracking of TiB particles did not degrade mechanical properties, and higher tensile and ultimate strengths were obtained with a ductile fracture mode at quasi-static tensile elongations equivalent to conventional Ti-6Al-4V. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boehlert, CJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 2527 Engn Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM boehlert@egr.msu.edu NR 27 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 55 IS 5 BP 465 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.05.008 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 065AQ UT WOS:000239132200012 ER PT J AU Beall, DP Morag, Y Ly, JQ Johnson, MB Pasque, CB Braley, BA Martin, HD Stapp, AM AF Beall, Douglas P. Morag, Yoav Ly, Justin Q. Johnson, M. Brandon Pasque, Charles B. Braley, Brett A. Martin, Hal D. Stapp, Annette M. TI Magnetic resonance imaging of the rotator cuff interval SO SEMINARS IN MUSCULOSKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MRI; rotator cuff; interval; biceps tendon; coracohumeral ID LONG HEAD; MR ARTHROGRAPHY; SUPRASPINATUS TENDON; SHOULDER INSTABILITY; SUSPENSION BRIDGE; BICEPS-BRACHII; LABRAL TEARS; ANATOMY; LIGAMENTS; DEFECTS AB The rotator cuff interval (RCI) is an important and anatomically complex region of the rotator cuff that is critically important to normal glenohumeral function. Recognition of common pathologies in this region on imaging examinations is especially important as injuries may be difficult to detect on clinical examination and even at arthroscopy. Familiarity with the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the normal and abnormal RCT and the ability to convey findings to orthopedic and sports medicine referrers are essential to facilitate prompt creation of effective treatment plans. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Orthoped, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Phys Grp, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Univ Michigan, Musculoskeletal Div, Dept Radiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg & Rehabil, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Oklahoma Sports Sci & Orthopaed, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Beall, DP (reprint author), 610 NW 14th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73103 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1089-7860 J9 SEMIN MUSCULOSKEL R JI Semin. Musculoskelet. Radiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 3 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1055/s-2006-957172 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 177KH UT WOS:000247151500003 PM 17195127 ER PT J AU Carrese, P AF Carrese, Paul TI Democratic faith. SO SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Honors Program, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Carrese, P (reprint author), USAF Acad, Honors Program, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0147-2011 EI 1936-4725 J9 SOCIETY JI Society PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 43 IS 6 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 073BS UT WOS:000239718100030 ER PT J AU Roy, UN Cui, Y Hawrami, R Burger, A Orona, L Goldstein, JT AF Roy, U. N. Cui, Y. Hawrami, R. Burger, A. Orona, L. Goldstein, J. T. TI AgGaSe2: A highly photoconductive material SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE chalcopyrites; semiconductor; photoconductivity ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; ABSORPTION; GROWTH; GAP AB High resistivity single crystals of AgGaSe2 were grown by the horizontal Bridgman technique. The near band edge photoconductivity of the grown crystal at room temperature was found to be up to 2 x 10(4) times higher than the dark conductivity, under the illumination of 10(-3) W/cm(2). The photoconductivity spectrum consists primarily of three peaks, which are attributed to the transitions from Gamma(7)(A), Gamma(6)(B) and Gamma(7)(C) states of valence band to the conduction band Gamma(6). The crystal field splitting and the spin-orbit splitting were determined from these peak energy positions of the photoconductivity spectrum. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. LLC, BWXT, Y12 Natl Secur Complex, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, UN (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM uroy@fisk.edu NR 18 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 139 IS 10 BP 527 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2006.07.018 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 089FE UT WOS:000240864900008 ER PT J AU Gottesman, RF Sherman, PM Grega, MA Yousem, DM Borowicz, LM Selnes, OA Baumgartner, WA McKhann, GM AF Gottesman, Rebecca F. Sherman, Paul M. Grega, Maura A. Yousem, David M. Borowicz, Louis M., Jr. Selnes, Ola A. Baumgartner, William A. McKhann, Guy M. TI Watershed strokes after cardiac surgery - Diagnosis, etiology, and outcome SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE brain hypoxia-ischemia; cardiovascular surgical procedures; coronary artery bypass; outcomes assessment; stroke ID CORONARY-ARTERY-BYPASS; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; REGISTRY; PRESSURE; SUBTYPES AB Background and Purpose-Watershed strokes are more prevalent after cardiac surgery than in other stroke populations, but their mechanism in this setting is not understood. We investigated the role of intraoperative blood pressure in the development of watershed strokes and used MRI to evaluate diagnosis and outcomes associated with this stroke subtype. Methods-From 1998 to 2003 we studied 98 patients with clinical stroke after cardiac surgery who underwent MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging. We used logistic regression to explore the relationship between mean arterial pressure and watershed infarcts, between watershed infarcts and outcome, and X, analyses to compare detection by MRI versus CT of watershed infarcts. Results-Bilateral watershed infarcts were present on 48% of MRIs and 22% of CTs (P < 0.0001). Perioperative stroke patients with bilateral watershed infarcts, compared with those with other infarct patterns, were 17.3 times more likely to die, 12.5 and 6.2 times more likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility and to acute rehabilitation, respectively, than to be discharged home (P=0.0004). Patients with a decrease in mean arterial pressure of at least 10 mm Hg (intraoperative compared with preoperative) were 4.1 times more likely to have bilateral watershed infarcts than other infarct patterns. Conclusions-Bilateral watershed infarcts after cardiac surgery are most reliably detected by diffusion-weighted imaging MRI and are associated with poor short-term outcome, compared with other infarct types. The mechanism may include an intraoperative drop in blood pressure from a patient's baseline. These findings have implications for future clinical practice and research. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP McKhann, GM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, 338 Krieger Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM guy.mckhann@jhu.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01-NS035610] NR 17 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD SEP PY 2006 VL 37 IS 9 BP 2306 EP 2311 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000236024.68020.3a PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 101CG UT WOS:000241715900033 PM 16857947 ER PT J AU Choi, SK Canfield, RA Grandhi, RV AF Choi, Seung-Kyum Canfield, Robert A. Grandhi, Ramana V. TI Estimation of structural reliability for Gaussian random fields SO STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE random field; Karhunen-Loeve transform; polynomial chaos expansion; Latin Hypercube sampling; structural reliability ID POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; VARIABLES AB This research develops a stochastic analysis procedure for Gaussian random fields in structural reliability estimation using an orthogonal transform and a stochastic expansion with Latin Hypercube sampling. The efficiency of the current simulation procedure is achieved by combination of the Karhunen-Loeve transform with stochastic analysis of polynomial chaos expansion. The Karhunen-Loeve transform enables generation of random fields within the framework of Latin Hypercube sampling and dimensionality reduction of the random variables. The polynomial chaos expansion can reduce computational effort of uncertainty quanti. cation in highly nonlinear engineering design applications. In order to show the applicability of the method, the material properties of a cantilever plate and a supercavitating torpedo are treated as random fields. C1 Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Choi, SK (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM choi.7@wright.edu RI Choi, Seung-Kyum/A-5914-2010; Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1573-2479 J9 STRUCT INFRASTRUCT E JI Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. PD SEP-DEC PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 161 EP 173 DI 10.1080/15732470600590192 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 113TX UT WOS:000242621500002 ER PT J AU Lindsley, NJ Pettit, CL Beran, PS AF Lindsley, Ned J. Pettit, Chris L. Beran, Philip S. TI Nonlinear plate aeroelastic response with uncertain stiffness and boundary conditions SO STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE nonlinear; aeroelastic; uncertainty quantification; random fields ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; PANEL FLUTTER; ELEMENT APPROACH; PERTURBATION; OSCILLATIONS; EQUATIONS AB The probabilistic response of a nonlinear panel in supersonic flow is investigated using a new computational methodology. The aeroelastic system is modelled by coupling the von Karman plate equations with piston theory aerodynamics. Baseline deterministic results are compared to published data to establish validity of the aeroelastic model. Uncertainties in modulus of elasticity and boundary conditions (BCs) are considered, with their impact on panel response being quantified in terms of limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) onset pressure and panel amplitude. The panel's uncertain BCs are modelled using rotational springs in place of ideally fixed boundary conditions. The panel's uncertain elastic modulus is modelled as a second-order, spatially homogeneous, isotropic, random field. The boundary spring stiffness values are spatially constant for each random realization assuming either a uniform or Weibull distribution. Probabilistic response distributions are obtained through Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for selected values of flow field dynamic pressure. MCS is run for the case of random modulus only, as well as random modulus combined with either random BC distribution. It is observed that uncertainties have the greatest nonlinear influence on LCO amplitude near the deterministic point of LCO onset. Furthermore, panel response is much more sensitive to location of the modulus fields' extreme values than the correlation length used to generate the field. Novel aspects of the computational methodology include (1) the use of random fields (as opposed to a random variable) to model uncertainty in the elastic modulus, and (2) the use of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to yield insight into the local factors that govern the global response of the panel, permitting enhanced response prediction based on the nature of the random field realizations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lindsley, NJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VASD Bldg,146,2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ned.lindsley@wpafb.af.mil RI Pettit, Chris/A-1073-2010 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1573-2479 J9 STRUCT INFRASTRUCT E JI Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. PD SEP-DEC PY 2006 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 220 DI 10.1080/15732470600590564 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 113TX UT WOS:000242621500005 ER PT J AU Varanasi, CV Brunke, L Burke, J Maartense, I Padmaja, N Efstathiadis, H Chaney, A Barnes, PN AF Varanasi, C. V. Brunke, L. Burke, J. Maartense, I. Padmaja, N. Efstathiadis, H. Chaney, A. Barnes, P. N. TI Biaxially textured constantan alloy (Cu 55 wt%, Ni 44 wt%, Mn 1 wt%) substrates for YBa2Cu3O7-x coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; EPITAXIAL DEPOSITION; YBCO; TAPES; CU; PERFORMANCE; RABITS AB Commercially available constantan alloy rods ( nominal composition Cu55 - Ni44 - Mn1 wt%) have been thermo-mechanically processed to develop biaxially textured substrates. It was found that the ( 001) recrystallization cube texture percentage could be increased from 72% to nearly 100% as the annealing temperature of the rolled substrates was increased from 750 to 1200 degrees C. A full width half maximum ( FWHM) of 6.5 degrees in ( 111) phi scans and an FWHM of 4.9 degrees in ( 100) omega scans were observed in the substrates annealed at 1200 degrees C for 2 h. These substrates were found to have a Curie temperature of 35 K and so were paramagnetic at 77 K and ferromagnetic at 5 K with a saturation magnetization that is 2.5 times less than that of Ni - 5 at.% W substrates. Yield strengths of highly textured constantan substrates were found to be 1.5 times that of textured pure Ni substrates at room temperature. C1 Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12222 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varanasi, CV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 19 IS 9 BP 896 EP 901 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/19/9/002 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 093GK UT WOS:000241156100002 ER PT J AU Han, F Pan, E Albrecht, JD AF Han, F. Pan, E. Albrecht, J. D. TI Strain and piezoelectric fields in embedded quantum wire arrays SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE piezoelectric nanostructures; polygonal inclusion; strained quantum wire ID HALF-SPACE; DOTS; ENERGY AB Utilizing a recently developed exact closed-form solution for a single polygonal quantum wire (QWR) inclusion problem, we theoretically investigate the elastic strain and electric fields induced by QWR arrays embedded in GaAs. We consider arrays ranging from 1 x 1 to 7 x 7 QWRs embedded in infinite substrates and up to 4 x 7 QWRs in half space substrates where the wires are near a surface. Our results for the infinite substrate indicate that although the elastic fields within any single QWR are similar to the fields in the other wires with only a weak dependence on the number of QWRs, the electric fields (both inside and outside the QWRs) can be significantly different for different array sizes. Due to the existence of the free surface, the half space solutions show that the elastic and electric fields both inside of and outside of the QWRs depend significantly on the number of QWRs, again with the electric field having the stronger dependence. A detailed analysis of the strain and electric fields for embedded QWR arrays is presented and the results could impact the design of proposed strain-modulated electronic devices. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNDD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Albrecht, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNDD, Bldg 620,2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu; john.albrecht@wpafb.af.mil RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2006.06.002 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 087FZ UT WOS:000240729600001 ER PT J AU Hanly, EJ Fuentes, JM Aurora, AR Bachman, SL De Maio, A Marohn, MR Talamini, MA AF Hanly, E. J. Fuentes, J. M. Aurora, A. R. Bachman, S. L. De Maio, A. Marohn, M. R. Talamini, M. A. TI Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum prevents mortality from sepsis SO SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-American-Gastrointestinal-and-Endoscopic-Surgeons CY APR 13-16, 2005 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Soc Amer Gastrointestinal & Endoscop Surg DE carbon dioxide; laparoscopy; pneumoperitoneum; sepsis; surgery; survival ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY; CYTOKINE RELEASE; INTRAABDOMINAL INFECTION; INTERLEUKIN-10 PROTECTS; MICE; COMPLICATIONS; ENDOTOXIN; ACIDOSIS AB Background: Carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum has been shown to attenuate the inflammatory response after laparoscopy. This study tested the hypothesis that abdominal insufflation with CO, improves survival in an animal model of sepsis and investigated the associated mechanism. Methods: The effect Of CO2, helium, and air pneumoperitoneum on mortality was studied by inducing sepsis in 143 rats via intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To test the protective effect Of CO2 in the setting of a laparotomy, an additional 65 animals were subjected to CO2 pneumoperitoneum, helium pneumoperitoneum, or the control condition after laparotomy and intraperitoneal LPS injection. The mechanism of CO2 protection was investigated in another 84 animals. Statistical significance was determined via Kaplan-Meier analysis for survival and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for serum cytokines. Results: Among rats with LPS-induced sepsis, CO2 pneumoperitoneum increased survival to 78%, as compared with using helium pneumoperitoneum (52%; p < 0.05), air pneumoperitoneum (55%; p = 0.09), anesthesia control (50%; p < 0.05), and LPS-only control (42%; p < 0.01). Carbon dioxide insufflation also significantly increased survival over the control condition (85% vs 25%; p < 0.05) among laparotomized septic animals, whereas helium insufflation did not (65% survival). Carbon dioxide insufflation increased plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels by 35% compared with helium pneumoperitoneum (p < 0.05), and by 34% compared with anesthesia control (p < 0.05) 90 min after LPS stimulation. Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum resulted in a threefold reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) compared with helium pneumoperitoneum (p < 0.05), and a sixfold reduction with anesthesia control (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Abdominal insufflation with CO2, but not helium or air, significantly reduces mortality among animals with LPS-induced sepsis. Furthermore, CO2 pneumoperitoneum rescues animals from abdominal sepsis after a laparotomy. Because IL-10 is known to downregulate TNF-alpha, the increase in IL-10 and the decrease in TNF-alpha found among the CO2-insufflated animals in our study provide evidence for a mechanism whereby CO2 pneumoperitoneum reduces mortality via IL-10-mediated downregulation of TNF-alpha. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Talamini, MA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, 600 N Wolfe St,Blalock 665, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM062899-02] NR 30 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-2794 J9 SURG ENDOSC JI Surg. Endosc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1482 EP 1487 DI 10.1007/s00464-005-0246-y PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 101EK UT WOS:000241721500028 PM 16865628 ER PT J AU Khramov, AN Balbyshev, VN Kasten, LS Mantz, RA AF Khramov, A. N. Balbyshev, V. N. Kasten, L. S. Mantz, R. A. TI Sol-gel coatings with phosphonate functionalities for surface modification of magnesium alloys SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE magnesium alloy AZ31B; corrosion; conversion surface treatment; sol-get coatings; phosphonate; silane AB Hybrid organic-inorganic coatings with phosphonate functionalities have been synthesized and evaluated as prospective surface treatments for magnesium materials. These coatings have been processed via a sol-gel route by hydrolysis and condensation of a mixture of diethylphosphonatoethyltriethoxy-silane and tetraethoxy-silane with variable molar ratios. The coatings morphology and the surface chemistry at the coating/substrate interface have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The corrosion protection performance of the coatings deposited on magnesium alloy AZ31B has been examined by a group of electrochemical techniques including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, a scanning Kelvin probe technique has been used to investigate interfacial properties of the coatings. The improved corrosion protection of phosphonate-containing coatings as compared to pure silica sol-gel coatings has been observed and explained by the favorable combination of barrier properties of the organo-silicate matrix with strong chemical bonding of phosphonate groups to the magnesium substrate. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmet Mat Div,Nonstruct Mat Branch,Coating Res G, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Khramov, AN (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM alexander.khramov@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 87 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 30 PY 2006 VL 514 IS 1-2 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.02.023 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 066GT UT WOS:000239218400025 ER PT J AU Crawford, NJ Dadmun, MD Bunning, TJ Natarajan, LV AF Crawford, N. J. Dadmun, M. D. Bunning, T. J. Natarajan, L. V. TI Time-resolved light scattering of the phase separation in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals formed by photo-polymerization induced phase separation SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE time-resolved light scattering; polymer-dispersed liquid crystals; phase separation ID SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; MORPHOLOGY DEVELOPMENT; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; BLENDS; MIXTURES; DIAGRAMS; BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITES; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM AB Time-resolved light scattering is utilized to monitor the phase separation of photo-initiated polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. At the lowest cure intensities studied, the system undergoes spinodal decomposition and the results are analyzed with Cahn-Hilliard theory. As the cure intensity increases, the rate of phase separation increases such that the early stages of spinodal decomposition are no longer observable. These systems are analyzed using the Debye-Bueche model, which provides the time evolution of the number and size of LC domains. These results indicate that an increase in cure beam intensity initially increases the rate of domain growth, but this effect is overwhelmed by the fast vitrification and cross-linking that can occur at highest cure beam intensities. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Mat Res Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dadmun, MD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dad@utk.edu NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 47 IS 18 BP 6311 EP 6321 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.06.058 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 080OY UT WOS:000240258600009 ER PT J AU Padmawar, PA Rogers, JE He, GS Chiang, LY Tan, LS Canteenwala, T Zheng, QD Slagle, JE McLean, DG Fleitz, PA Prasad, PN AF Padmawar, Prashant A. Rogers, Joy E. He, Guang S. Chiang, Long Y. Tan, Loon-Seng Canteenwala, Taizoon Zheng, Qingdong Slagle, Jonathan E. McLean, Daniel G. Fleitz, Paul A. Prasad, Paras N. TI Large cross-section enhancement and intramolecular energy transfer upon multiphoton absorption of hindered diphenylaminofluorene-C-60 dyads and triads SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ORGANIC MATERIALS; TELECOMMUNICATION WAVELENGTHS; LIMITING PROPERTIES; POLYURETHANE FILMS; C-60; DERIVATIVES; STATE AB Sterically hindered fullerenyl chromophore dyad and triads, C-60(> DPAF-C-9)(x) (x = 1 and 2, respectively), in an acceptor-donor (A-D) molecular linkage of C-60-(keto-fluorene)(x) were synthesized and fully characterized. Attachment of two 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl groups on C-9 of the fluorene ring moiety greatly improves their solubility and makes direct intermolecular aromatic stacking contacts more difficult. They are the first series of fullerene derivatives showing high three-photon absorptivity (3PA). Accordingly, C-60(> DPAF-C-9)(2) exhibits 2PA and 3PA cross sections in the values of 0.824 x 10(-48) cm(4) s (or 82.4 GM) and 6.30 x 10(-25) cm(6)/GW(2), respectively, in femtosecond region among the highest ones reported for many diphenylaminofluorene-derived AFX chromophores. Utilization of a keto linker located immediately between C-60 cage and fluorene chromophore moieties facilitates molecular polarization of the DPAF ring toward the C-60 cage. That may serve as the fundamental cause for correlation of enhanced A-D electron interactions to, ultimately, observed multiphoton absorption cross sections. By using nanosecond laser flash photolysis results taken at 355 nm as the reference, transient absorption data obtained from femtosecond pump-probe experiments at 800 nm unambiguously verified the occurrence of two-photon excitation processes of C-60(> DPAF- C-9) in air-saturated benzene and subsequent efficient energy transfer from the two-photon pumped DPAF- C-9 moiety to the C-60 cage moiety. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL ML, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Chiang, LY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Long_chiang@uml.edu RI Zheng, Qingdong/G-7492-2011; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 64 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 22 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 17 BP 4065 EP 4074 DI 10.1021/cm060718z PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 073QS UT WOS:000239758300021 ER PT J AU Cain, S Richmond, R Armstrong, E AF Cain, Stephen Richmond, Richard Armstrong, Ernest TI Flash light detection and ranging range accuracy limits for returns from single opaque surfaces via Cramer-Rao bounds SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LIDAR DATA; LADAR AB A Cramer-Rao lower bound on the range accuracy obtainable by a Flash light detection and ranging (LADAR) system receiving a return from a single surface in the instantaneous field of view of each detector is developed and verified with experimental data. The bound is compared to the performance of a new algorithm and that of a matched filter receiver by using both simulated and measured LADAR data. The simulated data are used to show that the estimator is nearly unbiased and efficient for systems that match the negative paraboloid model used in its derivation. It is found that the achievable range accuracy for the LADAR system and for the target geometry used to collect the measured data is of the order of 2.5 in. while the bound predicts a range accuracy limit of approximately 0.6 in. C1 USAF, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cain, S (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM stephen.cain@afit.edu NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 24 BP 6154 EP 6162 DI 10.1364/AO.45.006154 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 075CG UT WOS:000239859400015 PM 16892117 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Beckel, ER Jiang, H Enlow, JO Zabinski, JS Bunning, TJ Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Beckel, Eric R. Jiang, Hao Enlow, Jesse O. Zabinski, Jeffrey S., Jr. Bunning, Timothy J. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Site-speciric patterning of biomolecules and quantum dots on functionalized surfaces generated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; THIN-FILMS; PROTEIN; NANOPARTICLES; SILICON; DNA; NANOSTRUCTURES; LITHOGRAPHY AB Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor patterned surfaces are used for site-specific attachment of biomolecules and semiconductor quantum dots (QDs; see figure). The fabrication of surfaces with multiple functional building blocks can be used in a single step to create complex multifunctional patterned substrates incorporating self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and thiol-functionalized quantum dots for a variety of applications. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 16 BP 2095 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200600077 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 082SX UT WOS:000240408600002 ER PT J AU Robertson, JL Rasnake, M AF Robertson, Janelle L. Rasnake, Mark TI Antibiotic resistance after licensure of pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Robertson, JL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1,6th Fl,Rm 6B42, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM janelle.robertson@lackland.af.mil NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 544 EP 544 DI 10.1086/505983 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 063XN UT WOS:000239053300027 PM 16838251 ER PT J AU Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Fang, ZQ Look, DC Smith, SR Smith, HE Khlebnikov, I Khlebnikov, YI Basceri, C Balkas, C AF Mitchel, W. C. Mitchell, W. D. Fang, Z. Q. Look, D. C. Smith, S. R. Smith, H. E. Khlebnikov, Igor Khlebnikov, Y. I. Basceri, C. Balkas, C. TI Electrical properties of unintentionally doped semi-insulating and conducting 6H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PURITY; DEFECTS AB Temperature dependent Hall effect (TDH), low temperature photoluminescence (LTPL), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), optical admittance spectroscopy (OAS), and thermally stimulated current (TSC) measurements have been made on 6H-SiC grown by the physical vapor transport technique without intentional doping. n- and p-type as well semi-insulating samples were studied to explore the compensation mechanism in semi-insulating high purity SiC. Nitrogen and boron were found from TDH and SIMS measurements to be the dominant impurities that must be compensated to produce semi-insulating properties. The electrical activation energy of the semi-insulating sample determined from the dependence of the resistivity was 1.0 eV. LTPL lines near 1.00 and 1.34 eV, identified with the defects designated as UD-1 and UD-3, were observed in all three samples but the intensity of the UD-1 line was almost a factor of 10 more in the n-type sample than in the the p-type sample with that in the semi-insulating sample being intermediate between those two. OAS and TSC experiments confirmed the high purity of this material. The results suggest that the relative concentrations of a dominant deep level and nitrogen and boron impurities can explain the electrical properties in this material. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. INTRINSIC Semicond Corp, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLPS, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.mitchel@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 AR 043706 DI 10.1063/1.2227622 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GV UT WOS:000240236800055 ER PT J AU Siefert, NS Ganguly, BN Sands, BL Hebner, GA AF Siefert, Nicholas S. Ganguly, Biswa N. Sands, Brian L. Hebner, Greg A. TI Decay of the electron number density in the nitrogen afterglow using a hairpin resonator probe SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMAS; DIFFUSION AB A hairpin resonator was used to measure the electron number density in the afterglow of a nitrogen glow discharge (p=0.25-0.75 Torr). Electron number densities were measured using a time-dependent approach similar to the approach used by Spencer [J. Phys. D 20, 923 (1987)]. The decay time of the electron number density was used to determine the electron temperature in the afterglow, assuming a loss of electrons via ambipolar diffusion to the walls. The electron temperature in the near afterglow remained between 0.4 and 0.6 eV, depending on pressure. This confirms the work by Guerra [IEEE Trans. Plasma. Sci. 31, 542 (2003)], who demonstrated experimentally and numerically that the electron temperature stays significantly above room temperature via superelastic collisions with highly vibrationally excited ground state molecules and metastables, such as A (3)Sigma(+)(u). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Siefert, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nicholas.siefert@gmail.com NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 4 AR 043303 DI 10.1063/1.2234555 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 080GV UT WOS:000240236800022 ER PT J AU Jiang, XP Wang, XY Lia, JX Li, DY Man, CS Shepard, MJ Zhai, T AF Jiang, X. P. Wang, X. Y. Lia, J. X. Li, D. Y. Man, C. -S. Shepard, M. J. Zhai, T. TI Enhancement of fatigue and corrosion properties of pure Ti by sandblasting SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE sandblasting; residual stress; nano-surface layer; surface enhancement ID CYCLE FATIGUE; TITANIUM; SURFACE; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; METALS AB Commercially pure titanium was sandblasted with SiO2 particles of 200-300 mu m in diameter. It was found that the sandblasted samples exhibited an increase in fatigue strength by 11% over that of the untreated samples. The peak subsurface compressive residual stress produced by sandblasting was measured by XRD to be around 480 MPa. Three distinct regions were observed in the sandblasted samples, namely the severely deformed surface layer, the region deformed mainly by twinning, and the substrate. After recovery treatment below 300 degrees C, the surface layer of the sandblasted samples was transformed into a nano-crystalline structure, and its corrosion resistance was significantly improved. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G6, Canada. Univ Kentucky, Dept Math, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhai, T (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, 177 Anderson Hall, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM tzhai@engr.uky.edu RI Man, Chi-Sing/E-4794-2011 OI Man, Chi-Sing/0000-0001-9166-2832 NR 16 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 429 IS 1-2 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.04.024 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 072PS UT WOS:000239685900005 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR Sherry, CJ Fines, DA Cook, MC AF Jauchem, James R. Sherry, Clifford J. Fines, David A. Cook, Michael C. TI Acidosis, lactate, electrolytes, muscle enzymes, and other factors in the blood of Sus scrofa following repeated TASER (R) exposures SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE blood; electric injuries; electronic weapons; muscle; acidosis; TASER ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PULSE OXIMETRY; VENOUS-BLOOD; BASE STATUS; EXERCISE; PIGS; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; PROPOFOL; FATIGUE; INJURY AB Repeated exposure to electro-muscular incapacitating devices could result in repetitive, sustained muscle contraction, with little or no muscle recovery period. Therefore, rhabdomyolysis and other physiological responses, including acidosis, hyperkalaemia, and altered levels of muscle enzymes in the blood, would be likely to occur. Experiments were performed to investigate effects of repeated exposures of TASER((R)) International's Advanced TASER((R)) X26 on muscle contraction and resultant changes in blood factors in an anaesthetized swine model. A total of 10 animals were used. Six swine were exposed for 5 s, followed by a 5-s period of no exposure, repeatedly for 3 min. (In five of the animals, after a 1-h delay, a second 3-min exposure period was added.) The remaining four animals were used for an additional pilot study. All four limbs of each animal exhibited contraction even though the electrodes were positioned in areas at some distances from the limbs. The degree of muscle contraction generated during the second exposure period was significantly lower than that in the first exposure series. This finding was consistent with previous studies showing that prolonged activity in skeletal muscle will eventually result in a decline of force production. There were some similarities in blood sample changes in the current experiments with previous studies of muscular exercise. Thus problems concerning biological effects of repeated TASER exposures may be related, not directly to the "electric output" per se, but rather to the resulting contraction of muscles (and related interruption of respiration) and subsequent sequelae. Transient increases in hematocrit, potassium, and sodium were consistent with previous reports in the literature dealing with studies of muscle stimulation or exercise. It is doubtful that these short-term elevations would have any serious health consequences in a healthy individual. Blood pH was significantly decreased for 1 h following exposure, but subsequently returned toward a normal level. Leg muscle contractions and decreases in respiration each appeared to contribute to the acidosis. Lactate was highly elevated, with a slow return (time course greater than 1 h) to baseline. Other investigators have reported profound metabolic acidosis during restraint-associated cardiac arrest. Since restraint often occurs immediately after TASER exposure, this issue should be considered in further development of deployment concepts. On the basis of the results of the current studies, the repeated use of electro-muscular incapacitating devices in a short period of time is, at least, feasible, with the caveat that some medical monitoring of subjects may be required (to observe factors such as lactate and acidosis). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Adv Informat Engn Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, 8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil NR 39 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 EI 1872-6283 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD AUG 10 PY 2006 VL 161 IS 1 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.10.014 PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 077YV UT WOS:000240068600004 PM 16289999 ER PT J AU Oar, MA Dichtel, WR Serin, JM Frechet, JMJ Rogers, JE Slagle, JE Fleitz, PA Tan, LS Ohulchanskyy, TY Prasad, PN AF Oar, Michael A. Dichtel, William R. Serin, Jason M. Frechet, Jean M. J. Rogers, Joy E. Slagle, Jonathan E. Fleitz, Paul A. Tan, Loon-Seng Ohulchanskyy, Tymish Y. Prasad, Paras N. TI Light-harvesting chromophores with metalated porphyrin cores for tuned photosensitization of singlet oxygen via two-photon excited FRET SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; ABSORPTION; DENDRIMERS; METALLOPORPHYRINS; LUMINESCENCE; ENHANCEMENT; GENERATION; MICROSCOPY; PROTECTION; WATER AB Utilization of two-photon (TP) excited fluorescence resonance energy transfer ( FRET) within a light-harvesting dendrimer has proven to be a reliable method for the enhancement of the effective TP absorption efficiency of many FRET acceptor molecules. This light-harvesting approach has enabled TP photosensitization of singlet oxygen from a porphyrin in both aqueous and organic media using wavelengths more transmissive to human body tissue (750-1000 nm). This ability to utilize near-infrared irradiation to induce photochemical reactions is especially attractive for applications including in vivo photochemistry, oxygen sensing, and photodynamic cancer therapy. In efforts to further the applicability of this concept, we synthesized an array of novel photosensitizers by metalation of the porphyrin core with aluminum, silver, and zinc. Time-resolved fluorescence, transient absorption measurements, and TP excitation experiments demonstrated efficient TP excited FRET to produce the porphyrin excited state triplet which subsequently generates singlet oxygen by the aluminum and zinc metalated species. Singlet oxygen photosensitization efficiency was found to be most efficient using aluminum followed by zinc and least efficient using silver. In fact, silver metalated photosensitizers were found to be nonfluorescent and incapable of generating a measurable amount of singlet oxygen. With the proper choice of inserted metals, it was possible to tune the efficiency of TP induced singlet oxygen production. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Dichtel, William/A-5503-2009; Ohulchanskyy, Tymish/A-8221-2009; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Dichtel, William/0000-0002-3635-6119; Ohulchanskyy, Tymish/0000-0002-7051-6534; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 37 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 5 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 16 BP 3682 EP 3692 DI 10.1021/cm0606070 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 068TI UT WOS:000239396900015 ER PT J AU Spottswood, SM Allemang, RJ AF Spottswood, S. M. Allemang, R. J. TI Identification of nonlinear parameters for reduced order models SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; REVERSE PATH METHOD; GEOMETRICAL NONLINEARITY; TIME-DOMAIN; SYSTEMS; BEAM; VIBRATION; BENCHMARK AB Constructing nonlinear structural dynamic models is a goal for numerous research and development organizations. Such a predictive capability is required in the development of advanced, high-performance aircraft structures. Specifically, the ability to predict the response of complex structures to engine induced and aero acoustic loading has long been a United States Air Force (USAF) goal. Sonic fatigue has plagued the USAF since the advent and adoption of the turbine engine. While the problem has historically been a maintenance one, predicting the dynamic response is crucial for future aerospace vehicles. Decades have been spent investigating the dynamic response and untimely failure of aircraft structures, yet little work has been accomplished towards developing practical nonlinear prediction methods. Further, the last decade has witnessed an appreciable amount of work in the area of nonlinear parameter identification. This paper outlines a unique and important extension of a recently introduced nonlinear identification method: Nonlinear Identification through Feedback of the Outputs (NIFO). The novel extension allows for a ready means of identifying nonlinear parameters in reduced order space using experimental data. The nonlinear parameters are then used in the assembly of reduced order models, thus providing researchers with a means of conducting predictive studies prior to expensive and questionable experimental efforts. This paper details both an analytical and experimental study conducted on a well-characterized clamped-clamped beam subjected to broadband random loading. Amplitude dependent, constant stiffness parameters were successfully identified for a multiple-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) nonlinear reduced order model. The nonlinear coefficients identified from the analytical scenario compare well with previously published studies of the beam. Nonlinear parameters were also successfully identified from the raw experimental data. Finally, a MDOF nonlinear reduced order model, constructed from experimental data, was used to predict the experimental response of the beam to other loading conditions. Beam response spectra and average displacement values from the prediction model also compare well with the experimental results. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Ind & Nucl Engn, Struct Dynam Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Spottswood, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2790 D St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM stephen.spottswood@wpafb.af.mil NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 295 IS 1-2 BP 226 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2006.01.009 PG 20 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 064GW UT WOS:000239078200014 ER PT J AU Chang, Y Grein, CH Sivananthan, S Flatte, ME Nathan, V Guha, S AF Chang, Yong Grein, Christoph H. Sivananthan, Sivalingam Flatte, M. E. Nathan, V. Guha, S. TI Narrow gap HgCdTe absorption behavior near the band edge including nonparabolicity and the Urbach tail SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; CRATER DEFECTS; ENERGY-GAP; HG1-XCDXTE; SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRA; ALLOYS AB An analytical model describing the absorption behavior of HgCdTe is developed that simultaneously considers the contributions from nonparabolic conduction and light hole bands as calculated by a 14x14 matrix k center dot p method as well as the Urbach tail. This model is capable of smoothly fitting experimental absorption coefficient curves over energies ranging from the Urbach tail region to the intrinsic absorption region up to 300 meV above the band gap. Comparisons to the experimental results give good agreement. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, MC273, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM yonchang@uic.edu RI Chang, Yong/B-3541-2009 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 6 AR 062109 DI 10.1063/1.2245220 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 072RN UT WOS:000239690800060 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Biologically programmed synthesis of bimetallic nanostructures SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHAGE DISPLAY; NANOPARTICLES; PEPTIDES; CATALYSTS; IDENTIFICATION; LIBRARY; BINDING; GOLD; HYDRODECHLORINATION; POLYPEPTIDES AB Catalytic bimetallic nanoparticles are synthesized by exploiting the interaction between peptides and inorganic materials to program the peptide sequence such that it can serve as a template in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles as well as direct the binding to Pd ions to the surface of the An nanoparticles (see figure). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD AUG 4 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 15 BP 1988 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200600327 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 076FK UT WOS:000239942200008 ER PT J AU Chun, YB Semiatin, SL Hwang, SK AF Chun, Y. B. Semiatin, S. L. Hwang, S. K. TI Monte Carlo modeling of microstructure evolution during the static recrystallization of cold-rolled, commercial-purity titanium SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE titanium; Monte Carlo techniques; recrystallization; texture; electron backscatter diffraction ID BOUNDARY-CHARACTER-DISTRIBUTION; INTERSTITIAL-FREE STEELS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION; STORED ENERGY; GRAIN-GROWTH; KINETICS; DEFORMATION; TEXTURE; EBSD AB The static recrystallization behavior of cold-rolled, commercial-purity titanium (CP-Ti) was studied experimentally and with Monte Carlo (MC) modeling. Utilization of electron backscatter diffraction orientation imaging microscopy as input for MC simulations resulted in realistic predictions of recrystallization kinetics, microstructure, and texture, which were in good agreement with experimental results. MC simulations of recrystallization kinetics indicated that non-uniform deformation, heterogeneous nucleation of recrystallization, and concurrent recovery either individually or in combination can cause a deviation from linear JMAK kinetics. Model results also revealed that heterogeneous nucleation of recrystallized grains and their early impingement in local areas of high deformation result in a log-normal distribution of grain size. An orientation-dependent stored energy distribution and preferred nucleation at high-stored-energy regions were found to be closely related to the development of recrystallization texture in cold-rolled CP-Ti, thus providing support for the 'oriented nucleation' mechanism. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inha Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Inchon 402751, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hwang, SK (reprint author), Inha Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 253 Yonghyun Dong, Inchon 402751, South Korea. EM skhwang2@inha.ac.kr RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 59 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 14 BP 3673 EP 3689 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.03.055 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 079JH UT WOS:000240171400005 ER PT J AU Millman, DR King, PI Maple, RC Beran, PS Chilton, LK AF Millman, Daniel R. King, Paul I. Maple, Raymond C. Beran, Philip S. Chilton, Lawrence K. TI Uncertainty quantification with a B-spline stochastic projection SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 45th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; MODELING UNCERTAINTY; FLOW; EXPANSIONS AB Presented is a new stochastic algorithm for computing the probability density functions and estimating bifurcations of nonlinear equations of motion whose system parameters are characterized by a Gaussian distribution. Polynomial and Fourier chaos expansions, which are spectral methods, have been used successfully to propagate parametric uncertainties in nonlinear systems. However, it is shown that bifurcations in the time domain are manifested as discontinuities in the stochastic domain, which are problematic for solution with these spectral approaches. Because of this, a new algorithm is introduced based on the stochastic projection method but employing a multivariate B spline. Samples are obtained by choosing nodes on the stochastic axes. These samples are used to build an interpolating function in the stochastic domain. Monte Carlo simulations are then very efficiently performed on this interpolating function to estimate probability density functions of a response. The results from this nonintrusive and non-Galerkin approach are in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo simulations of the governing equations, but at a computational cost 2 orders of magnitude less than a traditional Monte Carlo approach. The probability density functions obtained from the stochastic algorithm provide a rapid estimate of the probability of failure for a nonlinear pitch and plunge airfoil. C1 USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Flight Test Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Millman, DR (reprint author), USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Flight Test Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1845 EP 1853 DI 10.2514/1.11468 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 070NJ UT WOS:000239529100015 ER PT J AU Bae, HR Grandhi, RV Canfield, RA AF Bae, Ha-Rok Grandhi, Ramana V. Canfield, Robert A. TI Efficient successive reanalysis technique for engineering structures SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 45th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN; APPROXIMATIONS AB Engineering structural design requires many simulations of the structural system after modifications are made to the initial structure. The computational cost of these repetitive simulations can be prohibitive in many engineering applications, such as optimization, reliability analysis, and so forth. In this work, the successive matrix inversion method is improved to include the capability to update not only the inverse of the modified stiffness matrix, but also the modified system response vector. This is done by introducing an influence vector storage matrix and a vector-updating operator that makes it possible to perform sequential reanalyses. The improved successive matrix inversion method has a wider applicable range of modification than the original method. The applicability of the proposed successive matrix inversion method is demonstrated with two popular engineering problems: sensitivity analysis and reliability analysis of an aircraft wing structure. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bae, HR (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1883 EP 1889 DI 10.2514/1.11241 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 070NJ UT WOS:000239529100019 ER PT J AU Jones, SS AF Jones, Sarah S. TI Are atypical Antipsychotics safe in patients with Alzheimer's disease? SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article C1 USAF, MC, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Jones, SS (reprint author), USAF, MC, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 BP 414 EP 414 PG 1 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 070NP UT WOS:000239529800006 PM 16913159 ER PT J AU Warner, CH Bobo, W Warner, C Reid, S Rachal, J AF Warner, Christopher H. Bobo, William Warner, Carolynn Reid, Sara Rachal, James TI Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; DOUBLE-BLIND; PAROXETINE; SYMPTOMS; INTERRUPTION; VENLAFAXINE; TRIAL AB Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome occurs in approximately 20 percent of patients after abrupt discontinuation of an antidepressant medication that was taken for at least six weeks. Typical symptoms of antidepressant discontinuation syndrome include flu-like symptoms, insomnia, nausea, imbalance, sensory disturbances, and hyperarousal. These symptoms usually are mild, last one to two weeks, and are rapidly extinguished with reinstitution of antidepressant medication. Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome is more likely with a longer duration of treatment and a shorter half-fife of the treatment drug. A high index of suspicion should be maintained for the emergence of discontinuation symptoms, which should prompt close questioning regarding accidental or purposeful self-discontinuation of medication. Before antidepressants are prescribed, patient education should include warnings about the potential problems associated with abrupt discontinuation. Education about this common and likely underrecognized clinical phenomenon will help prevent future episodes and minimize the risk of misdiagnosis. C1 Winn Army Community Hosp, Ft Stewart, GA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Bolling AFB, Washington, DC USA. Ehrling Berquist AF Hosp, Offutt AFB, Omaha, NE USA. RP Warner, CH (reprint author), 373 Steeple Chase Lane, Richmond Hill, GA 31324 USA. EM Christopher.h.warner@us.army.mill NR 32 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X EI 1532-0650 J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 BP 449 EP 456 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 070NP UT WOS:000239529800010 PM 16913164 ER PT J AU Kazandjian, DG Okulicz, JF AF Kazandjian, Dickran G. Okulicz, Jason F. TI Skin tears? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS; ASSOCIATION; DISORDERS; DISEASES; MARKER; RISK C1 Willard Hall Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Kazandjian, DG (reprint author), MMIM Lackland AFB, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM dickran.kazandjian@lackland.af.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 119 IS 8 BP 657 EP 659 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.06.001 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 070UH UT WOS:000239549900007 PM 16887409 ER PT J AU McAdams, RM Mustafa, SB Shenberger, JS Dixon, PS Henson, BM DiGeronimo, RJ AF McAdams, Ryan M. Mustafa, Shamimunisa B. Shenberger, Jeffrey S. Dixon, Patricia S. Henson, Barbara M. DiGeronimo, Robert J. TI Cyclic stretch attenuates effects of hyperoxia on cell proliferation and viability in human alveolar epithelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pulmonary epithelial cells; cell death ID INDUCED LUNG INJURY; INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE; REACTIVE OXYGEN; OXIDANT INJURY; MECHANICAL STRETCH; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RAT LUNGS; II CELLS AB The treatment of severe lung disease often requires the use of high concentrations of oxygen coupled with the need for assisted ventilation, potentially exposing the pulmonary epithelium to both reactive oxygen species and nonphysiological cyclic stretch. Whereas prolonged hyperoxia is known to cause increased cell injury, cyclic stretch may result in either cell proliferation or injury depending on the pattern and degree of exposure to mechanical deformation. How hyperoxia and cyclic stretch interact to affect the pulmonary epithelium in vitro has not been previously investigated. This study was performed using human alveolar epithelial A549 cells to explore the combined effects of cyclic stretch and hyperoxia on cell proliferation and viability. Under room air conditions, cyclic stretch did not alter cell viability at any time point and increased cell number after 48 h compared with unstretched controls. After exposure to prolonged hyperoxia, cell number and [H-3]thymidine incorporation markedly decreased, whereas evidence of oxidative stress and nonapoptotic cell death increased. The combination of cyclic stretch with hyperoxia significantly mitigated the negative effects of prolonged hyperoxia alone on measures of cell proliferation and viability. In addition, cyclic stretch resulted in decreased levels of oxidative stress over time in hyperoxia-exposed cells. Our results suggest that cyclic stretch, as applied in this study, can minimize the detrimental effects of hyperoxia on alveolar epithelial A549 cells. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Pediat, Hanover, NH 03756 USA. RP DiGeronimo, RJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Robert.DiGeronimo@lackland.af.mil FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K08 HL071905, K08 HL071905-04] NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1040-0605 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 291 IS 2 BP L166 EP L174 DI 10.1152/ajplung.00160.2005 PG 9 WC Physiology; Respiratory System SC Physiology; Respiratory System GA 060ZL UT WOS:000238840900005 PM 16461433 ER PT J AU Johnson, T Dietrich, J Hagan, L AF Johnson, Thomas Dietrich, Jeffrey Hagan, Larry TI Management of stinging insect hypersensitivity: a 5-year retrospective medical record review SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAPHYLAXIS; EMERGENCY AB Background: The Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters for Allergy and Immunology recommends that patients with a history of a systemic reaction to an insect sting be educated on ways to avoid insect stings, carry injectable epinephrine for emergency self-treatment, undergo specific IgE testing for stinging insect sensitivity, and be considered for immunotherapy. Objective: To review frontline providers' documented care and recommendations for imported fire ant and flying insect hypersensitivity reactions. Methods: A retrospective medical record review was performed of emergency department and primary care clinic visits between November 1, 1999, and November 30, 2004. Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes, medical records were selected for review to identify patients with potential insect hypersensitivity. Results: A total of 769 medical records from patients who experienced an insect sting were reviewed. Of 120 patients with a systemic reaction, 66 (55.0%) received a prescription for injectable epinephrine, and 14 (11.7%) were given information regarding avoidance of the offending insect. Forty-seven patients with systemic reactions (39.2%) were referred to an allergist. Of 28 patients who kept their appointments and underwent skin testing, 3 had negative results and 25 (89%) had positive results and were advised to start immunotherapy. Conclusion: Adherence to the stinging insect hypersensitivity practice parameter recommendations is poor. Many patients who have experienced a systemic reaction after an insect sting and have sought medical care are not afforded an opportunity for potentially lifesaving therapy. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. 437th Med Grp, Charleston AFB, SC USA. RP Johnson, T (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Berquist Dr,59th Med Wing,759MDOS,MMIA, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM thomas.johnson2@lackland.af.mil NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 97 IS 2 BP 223 EP 225 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 075AF UT WOS:000239853400016 PM 16937755 ER PT J AU Maturo, SC Mair, EA AF Maturo, Stephen C. Mair, Eric A. TI Submucosal minimally invasive lingual excision: An effective, novel surgery for pediatric tongue base reduction SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE macroglossia; submucosal minimally invasive lingual excision; tongue base reduction ID OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA; MIDLINE GLOSSECTOMY; COMPLICATIONS; OUTCOMES AB Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop an effective single intraoral, minimally invasive technique to reduce the enlarged tongue base in children with obstructive macroglossia. Methods: We present the anatomic dissection of fresh cadavers and a representative case series of children who underwent submucosal minimally invasive lingual excision (SMILE) with a plasma-mediated radiofrequency device (coblation) under intraoral ultrasonic and endoscopic guidance. Multiple anatomic dissections determined the relative location of the hypoglossal nerve and lingual neurovascular bundle in relation to removable tongue base musculature. A pediatric case series demonstrates the straightforward SMILE technique. Results: Laboratory anatomic dissection and clinical lingual ultrasonography revealed the surgical safety borders for SMILE. The surgical safety and efficacy of SMILE is demonstrated by preoperative and postoperative clinical examinations and polysomnograms in children with obstructive macroglossia (such as Beckwith-Wiedemann and Down syndromes and tongue vascular malformation). Coblation submucosally removes excessive tongue base tissue through a small anterior tongue incision. SMILE was performed without excessive pain, bleeding, edema, infection, or tongue dysfunction. Conclusions: SMILE is an effective novel operation that incorporates coblation with ultrasonography and endoscopic guidance for children who need tongue base reduction. Anatomic dissection and clinical cases demonstrate the potential for aggressive yet relatively safe tissue removal by this minimally invasive technique. SMILE also has significant potential for adults with obstructive sleep apnea due to a large tongue base. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Pediat Otolaryngol Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Charlotte EENT Associates, 6035 Fairview Rd, Charlotte, NC 28210 USA. EM emair@ceenta.com NR 14 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 115 IS 8 BP 624 EP 630 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 073WS UT WOS:000239774000009 PM 16944662 ER PT J AU Tyo, JS Goldstein, DH Chenault, DB Shaw, JA AF Tyo, J. Scott Goldstein, Dennis H. Chenault, David B. Shaw, Joseph A. TI Polarization in remote sensing - introduction SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB This Polarization in Remote Sensing special issue of Applied Optics presents 11 papers that describe research in polarization measurements and applications. The subject matter covered ranges from a review of passive imaging polarimetry, the first paper, to a presentation of twilight atmospheric polarization measurements, the last. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MNGI, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Polaris Sensor Technol Inc, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dennis.goldstein@eglin.af.mil NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 22 BP 5451 EP 5452 DI 10.1364/AO.45.005451 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 068YN UT WOS:000239411400001 PM 16855643 ER PT J AU Tyo, JS Goldstein, DL Chenault, DB Shaw, JA AF Tyo, J. Scott Goldstein, Dennis L. Chenault, David B. Shaw, Joseph A. TI Review of passive imaging polarimetry for remote sensing applications SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Review ID COMPLETE STOKES POLARIMETER; POLARIZATION ACTIVE IMAGER; MUELLER MATRIX; SCATTERING MEDIA; OPTICAL-SYSTEMS; ROTATING POLARIZER; TARGET DETECTION; OPTIMUM ANGLES; PHASE PLATE; LIGHT AB Imaging polarimetry has emerged over the past three decades as a powerful tool to enhance the information available in a variety of remote sensing applications. We discuss the foundations of passive imaging polarimetry, the phenomenological reasons for designing a polarimetric sensor, and the primary architectures that have been exploited for developing imaging polarimeters. Considerations on imaging polarimeters such as calibration, optimization, and error performance are also discussed. We review many important sources and examples from the scientific literature. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MNGI, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Polaris Sensor Technol Inc, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tyo@ieee.org; dennis.goldstein@eglin.af.mil; david@polarissensor.com; shaw@ece.montana.edu NR 117 TC 444 Z9 478 U1 13 U2 91 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 22 BP 5453 EP 5469 DI 10.1364/AO.45.005453 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 068YN UT WOS:000239411400002 PM 16855644 ER PT J AU Formwalt, B Cain, S AF Formwalt, Byron Cain, Stephen TI Optimized phase screen modeling for optical turbulence SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB An alternative method for statistical interpolation is formalized. A new theorem is proved, providing theoretical basis for optimizing statistical accuracy in successively conditioned rendering applications. The theorem is empirically validated by two simulations, each comparing two different statistical interpolators. The interpolators are used to model high-resolution phase fluctuations over finite apertures. The theorem correctly predicts which interpolator is more optimal, based on empirical trials with greater than 99.9% certainty. The theorem is suitable as a quick alternative to the Monte Carlo optimization techniques used previously. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Formwalt, B (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Stephen.Cain@afit.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 22 BP 5657 EP 5668 DI 10.1364/AO.45.005657 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 068YN UT WOS:000239411400022 PM 16855664 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Webb, DF Zhao, XP AF Liu, Y. Webb, D. F. Zhao, X. P. TI Magnetic structures of solar active regions, full-halo coronal mass ejections, and geomagnetic storms SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID ART. NO. 1234; FILAMENT ERUPTIONS; CLOUDS; FIELDS; PROMINENCES; FLARES AB We have analyzed three active regions to investigate the relationship between magnetic configurations of active regions and geomagnetic storms. Each active region was associated with multiple full-halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs). This study demonstrates that, although full-halo CMEs may originate from the same active region, it is not necessary for them to have similar geoeffectiveness, depending on the magnetic configurations actually involved in the corresponding flare activities. This implies that (1) the flares, CMEs, and geomagnetic storms are closely related magnetically, as already suggested by many others, and (2) the occurrence of solar active region-related geomagnetic storms may be determined by the magnetic fields that are involved in the corresponding solar flares. These associations suggest ways to improve geomagnetic storm prediction. C1 Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Hanscom AF Base, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 646 IS 2 BP 1335 EP 1348 DI 10.1086/505036 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 072BK UT WOS:000239647400054 ER PT J AU Yamane, GK AF Yamane, Grover K. TI Cancer incidence in the US Air Force: 1989-2002 SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cancer; epidemiology; incidence; military; Air Force; aerospace ID UNITED-STATES-NAVY; AIRLINE PILOTS; MORTALITY; SUBMARINERS; ATTENDANTS; PERSONNEL; COHORT AB Background: Cancer incidence in U.S. Air Force active duty (AFAD) personnel is unknown. Defining the epidemiology may support more effective prevention and clinical services. Methods: Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for invasive cancer in AFAD personnel during 19892002 were determined using U.S. national incidence rates as the reference. SIRs were adjusted for age and race. Cutaneous squamous and basal cell carcinomas (CAs) were excluded. Results: There were 2750 cases: 1986 in men and 764 in women. The all-cancers SIRs were for men, 0.50 (95% CI: 0.48-0.53), and for women, 0.96 (95% CI: 0.89-1.03). Among men, the 10 most frequent cancers (77.6% of total) were, in descending order: melanoma; testicular CA; prostate CA; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; follicular/papillary thyroid CA; Hodgkin's Disease; colorectal CA; brain neuroepithelial CA; and (tied) bladder CA and oral squamous cell CA. Among women, the 10 most frequent cancers (88.1% of total) were, in descending order: breast CA; cervical CA; follicular/papillary thyroid CA; melanoma; Hodgkin's Disease; colorectal CA; (tied) non-Hodgkin lymphoma and ovarian epithelial CA; vulvar CA; and (tied) brain neuroepithelial CA and oral squamous cell CA. Compared with the U.S. population, cancer type-specific SIRs were significantly increased for cervical CA, prostate CA, and vulvar CA (range, 1.44-3.54). SIRs were significantly decreased for bladder CA (men), brain neuroepithelial CA, colorectal CA (men), Hodgkin's Disease (men), non-Hodgkin lymphoma, oral squamous cell CA (men), and testicular CA (range, 0.31-0.68). The remaining SIRs were not significantly different from unity. Conclusions: The cancer experience of the AFAD population differs substantially from that of the U.S. population. C1 USAF, MC, SFS,Epidemiol Serv Branch, AFIOH,RSRH, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Yamane, GK (reprint author), USAF, MC, SFS,Epidemiol Serv Branch, AFIOH,RSRH, 2513 Kennedy Circle, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM grover.yamane@brooks.af.mil NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 77 IS 8 BP 789 EP 794 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 070GC UT WOS:000239507300001 PM 16909871 ER PT J AU Kupke, MJ AF Kupke, Mical J. TI Traumatic subdural hematoma and medical certification SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEIZURES AB Traumatic closed-head injury and subsequent subdural hematoma carries a high risk of post-traumatic seizure(s). This is particularly important to the airman, as sudden incapacitation due to seizure carries grave consequences if it occurs during aircraft operation. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Kupke, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 77 IS 8 BP 870 EP 872 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 070GC UT WOS:000239507300015 PM 16909885 ER PT J AU Elgafy, A Lafdi, K AF Elgafy, A Lafdi, K TI Carbon nanoparticle-filled polymer flow in the fabrication of novel fiber composites SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon nanoparticles; impregnation; modeling; transport properties ID HEAT-TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NANOFLUIDS; PARTICLES; EQUATIONS; BEHAVIOR; FLUID; MODEL AB During the fabrication process of advanced composites using nanoparticle-filled matrices, many problems potentially could arise. One such problem is the clogging of the channels of the microfiber matrix used due to strong interactions between the nanoparticle additives and the matrix walls. In the present paper, a two-dimensional simulation model based on an Eulerian multiphase flow approach is introduced to investigate and predict the flow characteristics of carbon nanoparticle-filled fluid around carbon microfiber matrix. The interactions between the microfiber matrix walls and the nanoparticle additives have been studied, and an energy "imbalance" technique has been applied between the fluid and the microfiber walls to prevent any potential sticking of the nanoparticle additives on the microfiber matrix walls during the flow process. The concept of phasic volume fractions is utilized, and the effects of external body forces, lift forces, and virtual mass forces are introduced into the momentum equations. The phase coupled SIMPLE algorithm is employed to solve the model. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lafdi, K (reprint author), Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Lafdi@udri.udayton.edu NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 1682 EP 1689 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.01.029 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 052XY UT WOS:000238268600007 ER PT J AU Mesalhy, O Lafdi, K Elgafy, A AF Mesalhy, O Lafdi, K Elgafy, A TI Carbon foam matrices saturated with PCM for thermal protection purposes SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE porous carbon; impregnation; thermal analysis; transport properties ID PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; POROUS-MEDIA; CELL AB In the present work, numerical and experimental studies are proposed to predict and investigate the thermal characteristics of a thermal protection system consists of carbon foam matrix saturated with phase change material, PCM. Several types of carbon foam matrices with different porosities and thermal properties were introduced for the sake of a parametric study. The composite (carbon foam matrix saturated with PCM) was introduced into a cylindrical enclosure while it experiences its heat from a heat source setting on the top of the enclosure. The numerical simulation was performed using the volume averaging technique and a finite volume technique was used to discretize the heat diffusion equation while the phase change process was modeled using the enthalpy porosity method. The results are portrayed in terms of temperature and heat absorption time history and the numerical and experimental results showed good agreement. The results illustrated that the higher the porosity the more stability of the thermal performance of the matrix composite. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity of the composite matrix acts sharply to increase or decrease its heat absorption rate. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. AFRL, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lafdi, K (reprint author), Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Lafdi@udri.udayton.edu NR 18 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 10 BP 2080 EP 2088 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.12.019 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 056CX UT WOS:000238499900031 ER PT J AU Murphey, C Murthy, AK Meier, PA Guentzel, MN Zhong, GM Arulanandam, BP AF Murphey, Cathi Murthy, Ashlesh K. Meier, Patricia A. Guentzel, M. Neal Zhong, Guangming Arulanandam, Bernard P. TI The protective efficacy of chlamydial protease-like activity factor vaccination is dependent upon CD4(+) T cells SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlamydia; vaccine; chlamydial protease-like activity factor; CD4(+) T cells; Th1 ID GENITAL-TRACT REINFECTION; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; INTRANASAL INTERLEUKIN-12; CELLULAR-IMMUNITY; INFECTION; TRACHOMATIS; ANTIBODY; MICE; RESOLUTION; DELIVERY AB We have previously determined the protective efficacy of intranasal vaccination with chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF) against genital chlamydial infection. Since T-helper I (Th1) responses are important for anti-chlamydial immunity, we examined the contribution of CD4(+) T cells in CPAF mediated immunity against intravaginal (i.vag.) Chlamydia muridarum infection in C57BL/6 mice. CPAF+IL-12 vaccination induced antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells that secreted elevated levels of IFN-gamma, and generated strong humoral responses. The protective effects of CPAF vaccination against genital chlamydial challenge were abrogated by anti-CD4 neutralizing antibody treatment. Moreover, anti-chlamydial immunity could be adoptively transferred to naive recipients using CPAF-specific CD4(+) T cells. Therefore, CPAF mediated anti-chlamydial immunity is highly dependent upon antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Arulanandam, BP (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM Bernard.arulanandam@utsa.edu RI Arulanandam, Bernard/O-9501-2014 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R03 AR048973, AR048973]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06GM008194-24, S06 GM008194] NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 242 IS 2 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.10.002 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 129AI UT WOS:000243700400006 PM 17116296 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Yun, HC Griffith, ME Hospenthal, DR Tong, MJ AF Murray, CK Yun, HC Griffith, ME Hospenthal, DR Tong, MJ TI Acinetobacter infection: What was the true impact during the Vietnam conflict? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL FLORA; WAR WOUNDS C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis MCHE MDI, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Pfleger Liver Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Murray, CK (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis MCHE MDI, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Clinton.Murray@amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 383 EP 384 DI 10.1086/505601 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 057XK UT WOS:000238628300020 PM 16804856 ER PT J AU Bernardin, RM Altman, CE Meffert, JJ AF Bernardin, Ronald M. Altman, Coleman E. Meffert, Jeffrey J. TI What is your diagnosis? Lichen simplex chronicus SO CUTIS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CREAM C1 USAF, Dept Med, David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. USAF, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Bernardin, RM (reprint author), USAF, Dept Med, David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD AUG PY 2006 VL 78 IS 2 BP 96 EP + PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 078BB UT WOS:000240074800003 PM 16983896 ER PT J AU Singh, VK Shafran, RL Jackson, WE Seed, TM Kumar, KS AF Singh, Vijay K. Shafran, Randi L. Jackson, William E., III Seed, Thomas M. Kumar, K. Sree TI Induction of cytokines by radioprotective tocopherol analogs SO EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokines; cytokine array; ELISA; G-CSF; luminex; mice; radiation; tocols ID MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; GROWTH-FACTORS; G-CSF; INTERLEUKIN-4; ANTIOXIDANT; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; PROTECTS AB Tocols are a family of eight isomers consisting of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols that exist in four isomeric forms: alpha (alpha), beta (beta), gamma (gamma), and delta (delta). Recently tocols were found to have important and unique biological effects on nutrition and health other than antioxidant properties and are, therefore, now receiving increased attention. We have demonstrated the radioprotective efficacy of various tocol analogs and some of their esters. Three forms of tocols - alpha-tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol succinate, and gamma-tocotrienol - significantly protected mice against lethal gamma irradiation when administered subcutaneously 24 h before irradiation. The radioprotective effects of tocols on survival were associated with peripheral blood cell recovery after radiation induced cytopenia. Hematopoietic cytokines are known to promote the proliferation and differentiation of blood cell progenitors. Therefore, we hypothesized that peripheral blood cell recovery is preceded by hematopoietic cytokine induction. To test this hypothesis and compare the various radioprotective and non-radioprotective analogs. we measured serum cytokines using a sandwich ELISA, Luminex, and cytokine array in mice treated with various tocols (alpha-tocopherol succinate, alpha-tocopherol. delta-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, gamma-tocotrienol, and tocopherol acetate). Among the serum cytokines measured, ELISA and Luminex studies indicated that alpha-tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol succinate, and gamma-tocotrienol increased G-CSF levels in mice. Alpha-tocopherol succinate was most effective in stimulating G-CSF. IL-6 was detected by Luminex in sera samples front mice treated with the above three analogs. The results of the cytokine array suggest that other cytokines and chemokines in addition to G-CSF and IL-6 are induced. Since G-CSF IL-6, and certain chemokines are important hematopoietic factors, these results support our hypothesis that the protection of mice from radiation-induced hematopoictic death is mediated by cytokines and chemokines. These studies may indicate that alpha-tocopherol succinate can be used as an adjunct in cancer chemotherapy. where neutropenia is a serious problem with threatening infectious complications. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All tights reserved. C1 USAF, Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiat Biol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Singh, VK (reprint author), USAF, Radiobiol Res Inst, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM singh@afrri.usuhs.mil NR 34 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4800 J9 EXP MOL PATHOL JI Exp. Mol. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 81 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.yexmp.2005.11.002 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 065IX UT WOS:000239154500008 PM 16426603 ER PT J AU Qi, C Chen, Z Zhang, Y Wang, Y AF Qi, C. Chen, Z. Zhang, Y. Wang, Y. TI DOA estimation and self-calibration algorithm for multiple subarrays in the presence of mutual coupling SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID OF-ARRIVAL ESTIMATION; SENSOR ARRAYS; DIRECTION; MUSIC AB A computationally efficient algorithm is herein proposed for estimation of the direction of arrival (DOA) of uncorrelated sources and for self-calibration of mutual coupling among sensors constituting several subarrays, with each subarray internally uniformly spaced. These subarrays may differ it! size but are identical in the orientation of their subarray-axes. Mutual coupling is herein modelled as independent of the incident sources. DOA identifiability is also investigated. Simulation results illustrate that the new algorithm possesses high resolution, low computational complexity and better accuracy of self-calibration. C1 USAF, Equipment Acadc, Radar Inst, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. USAF Engn Univ, Missile Inst, Xian 713800, Peoples R China. USAF, Radar Acad, Key Res Lab, Wuhan 430019, Peoples R China. RP Qi, C (reprint author), USAF, Equipment Acadc, Radar Inst, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. EM qcy-qcy@163.com NR 14 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2395 J9 IEE P-RADAR SON NAV JI IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 153 IS 4 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.1049/ip-rsn:20045128 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 082HU UT WOS:000240378100004 ER PT J AU Reid, JR Marsh, ED Webster, RT AF Reid, J. Robert Marsh, Eric D. Webster, Richard T. TI Micromachined rectangular-coaxial transmission lines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE coplanar waveguides (CPWs); couplers; filters; microstrip; millimeter-wave circuits; resonators ID CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE; CMOS TECHNOLOGY; CONDUCTOR; FILTERS; BAND; RF; COMPONENTS; INDUCTORS AB Rectangular-coaxial (recta-coax) transmission lines fabricated through a three-dimensional micromachining process are presented. These lines, are shown to have significant advantages over competing integrated transmission lines such as microstrip and coplanar waveguides. Design equations are presented for impedance, loss, and frequency range. The equations are confirmed with simulations and measurements. The quality factor of shorted lambda/4 resonators is measured to be 156 at 60 GHz. This corresponds to a line loss of 0.353 dB/cm. Advantages of these lines for passive millimeter-wave circuits including ease of signal routing, high isolation, and signal crossovers are demonstrated with realized lines and couplers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Reid, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM James.Reid@hanscom.af.mil NR 48 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 8 BP 3433 EP 3442 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2006.879133 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 072XO UT WOS:000239706600032 ER PT J AU Jin, ZP Shima, T Schumacher, CJ AF Jin, Zhipu Shima, Tal Schumacher, Corey J. TI Optimal scheduling for refueling multiple autonomous aerial vehicles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE aerial vehicles; autonomous refueling; dynamic programming (DP); formation reconfiguration; scheduling ID SALESMAN PROBLEM; TIME WINDOWS; SYSTEMS; INEQUALITIES; ALGORITHM; CARDS AB The scheduling, for autonomous refueling, of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is posed as a combinatorial optimization problem. An efficient dynamic programming (DP) algorithm is introduced for finding the optimal initial refueling sequence. The optimal sequence needs to be recalculated when conditions change, such as when UAVs join or leave the queue unexpectedly. We develop a systematic shuffle scheme to reconfigure the UAV sequence using the least amount of shuffle steps. A similarity metric over UAV sequences is introduced to quantify the reconfiguration effort which is treated as an additional cost and is integrated into the DP algorithm. Feasibility and limitations of this novel approach are also discussed. C1 CALTECH, Dept Elect Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jin, ZP (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Elect Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jzp@caltech.edu; tal.shima@technion.ac.il; Corey.Schumacher@wpafb.af.mil NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1552-3098 EI 1941-0468 J9 IEEE T ROBOT JI IEEE Trans. Robot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 682 EP 693 DI 10.1109/TRO.2006.878793 PG 12 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 070VS UT WOS:000239554400009 ER PT J AU Martin, RK Vanbleu, K Ming, D Geert, Y Milosevic, M Evans, BL Moonen, M Johnson, CR AF Martin, Richard K. Vanbleu, Koen Ding, Ming Ysebaert, Geert Milosevic, Milos Evans, Brian L. Moonen, Marc Johnson, C. Richard, Jr. TI Implementation complexity and communication performance tradeoffs in discrete multitone modulation equalizers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE channel shortening; multicarrier equalization; real-time implementation ID TIME-DOMAIN EQUALIZERS; DMT-BASED SYSTEMS; MULTICARRIER SYSTEMS; TONE EQUALIZERS; TEQ DESIGN; EQUALIZATION; TRANSCEIVERS; BLIND; INITIALIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB Several high-speed communication standards modulate encoded data on multiple-carrier frequencies using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The real part of the quantized inverse FFT samples form a symbol. The symbol is periodically extended by prepending a copy of its last few samples, also known as a cyclic prefix. When the cyclic prefix is longer than the channel order, amplitude and phase distortion can be equalized entirely in the frequency domain. In the receiver, prior to the FFT, a time-domain equalizer, in the form of a finite-impulse response filter, shortens the effective channel impulse response. Alternately, a bank of equalizers tuned to each carrier frequency can be used. In earlier literature, we unified optimal multicarrier equalizer design algorithms as a product of generalized Rayleigh quotients. In this paper, we convert the unified theoretical framework into a framework for fast design algorithms. The relevant literature is reviewed and classified according to this framework. We analyze the achieved bit rate versus implementation complexity (in terms of multiply-and-accumulate operations) tradeoffs in the original and fast design algorithms. The comparison includes multiple implementations of each of 16 different equalizer structures and design algorithms using synthetic and measured discrete multitone modulated data. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Broadcom UK Ltd, Mechelen, Belgium. Bandspeed Inc, Austin, TX 78746 USA. Alcatel Bell, Antwerp, Belgium. Schlumberger, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, ESAT, SISTA, SCD, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu; koen.vanbleu@broadcom.com; mding@bandspeed.com; geert.ysebaert@alcatel.be; mmilosevic@austin.rr.com; bevans@ece.utexas.edu; moonen@esat.kuleuven.ac.be; johnson@ece.cornell.edu NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 54 IS 8 BP 3216 EP 3230 DI 10.1109/TSP.2006.877.637 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 073XC UT WOS:000239775000031 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Scott, JM AF Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Scott, JM TI Development and characterization of Ca-Mg-Zn-Cu bulk metallic glasses SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY MAY 01-05, 2005 CL Gathinburg, TN DE glasses, metallic; phase diagrams; calorimetry; diffraction; mechanical testing ID THERMAL-STABILITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TOPOLOGICAL CRITERIA; ALLOYS; AMORPHIZATION AB A number of ternary Ca-Mg-Zn and Ca-Mg-Cu and quaternary Ca-Mg-Zn-Cu bulk metallic glasses were produced using recently developed specific criteria. Their glass forming ability was correlated to the alloy chemistry, melting temperature, and driving force for crystallization of super-cooled liquid. A structural assessment using the efficient cluster packing model was also applied and showed a good ability to represent these glasses. Glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature and heat of crystallization were also determined for the produced alloys. Compression tests were conducted on a quaternary alloy at room temperature and in the temperature range of super-cooled liquid. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UES Inc, Mat & Proc Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), UES Inc, Mat & Proc Div, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 8-9 SI SI BP 1055 EP 1060 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.01.024 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 045VK UT WOS:000237770600037 ER PT J AU Xiao, MQ Novy, M Myatt, JH Banda, S AF Xiao, MingQing Novy, Michael Myatt, James H. Banda, Siva TI A rotary control of the circular cylinder wake: An analytic approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Navier-Stokes equations; incompressible fluid; circular cylinder wakes ID SEPARATION CONTROL; MODEL; FLOW AB In this paper, we establish some quantity relationships between the dynamics of circular cylinder wakes and the rotation speed of the cylinder. It has been shown analytically that rotating the cylinder can regularize the flow behavior, and delay the transition from steady flow to turbulent flow. The work needed to overcome the drag exerted on the cylinder is provided. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Math, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Xiao, MQ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Math, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mxiao@math.siu.edu; Novy.Michael@wpafb.af.mil; James.Myatt@va.afrl.af.mil; Siva.Banda@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ICIC INTERNATIONAL PI KUMAMOTO PA KYUSHU TOKAI UNIV, 9-1-1, TOROKU, KUMAMOTO, 862-8652, JAPAN SN 1349-4198 J9 INT J INNOV COMPUT I JI Int. J. Innov. Comp. Inf. Control PD AUG PY 2006 VL 2 IS 4 BP 723 EP 735 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 108QY UT WOS:000242255500003 ER PT J AU Mair, AA Mair, EA AF Mair, Asa A. Mair, Eric A. TI Two babies, one heart, and no airway SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conjoined twins; airway; tracheotomy; thoraco-omphatopagus AB The medical literature on conjoined twins is replete with descriptions of the complexity of surgical separations. However, airway management, although quite challenging, is neglected in literature. We present experience with conjoined twins united anteriorly at the thorax and abdomen sharing one six-chambered heart. Laryngoscopy and intubation recommendations, bronchoscopy techniques, and tracheotomy strategies are outlined for the face-to-face twins. Difficult, unique case report at tertiary care medical center. Conjoined thoraco-omphalopagus twins were successfully intubated at birth using the rigid Seldinger-assisted videotelescopic intubation (SAVI) technique. Flexible airway endoscopy allows for timely management of ventilator-dependent conjoined twins. Tracheotomy was later performed with the twins in the upright position with heads slightly rotated. Meticulous attention to detail, monitoring and vigilance are mandatory. Successful management of conjoined twins relies on close communication and cooperation of all members of the multidisciplinary team. Conjoined thoraco-omphalopagus twins united anteriorly require a challenging airway management strategy. A three-dimensional perspective is utilized for intubation and tracheotomy. The SAVI technique is helpful for difficult intubations in the emergent twin airways. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Charlotte EENT Associates, 6035 Fairview Rd, Charlotte, NC 28210 USA. EM emair@ceenta.com NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0165-5876 J9 INT J PEDIATR OTORHI JI Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1489 EP 1493 DI 10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.03.01 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics SC Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics GA 061KE UT WOS:000238870200023 PM 16707168 ER PT J AU Plunkett, B Cazacu, O Lebensohn, RA AF Plunkett, B. Cazacu, O. Lebensohn, R. A. TI Strain-rate effects on the texture evolution of low-symmetry metals: Modeling and validation using the Taylor cylinder impact test SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE ID ZIRCONIUM AB In this paper, a model for describing the influence of evolving texture on the response of pre-textured metals for dynamic loading conditions is proposed. Yielding is described using a recently developed criterion which captures simultaneously anisotropy and compression-tension asymmetry associated with deformation twinning. The anisotropy coefficients as well as the size of the elastic domain are considered to be functions of the accumulated plastic strain. The specific expressions for the evolution laws are determined based on experimental data and numerical test results performed with a self-consistent viscoplastic model together with a macroscopic scale interpolation technique. An overstress approach is used to incorporate rate effects in the formulation. Application of the model to the description of the high-strain rate response of low-symmetry (clock-rolled hexagonal-closed-packed zirconium) is presented. The very good agreement between the simulated and experimental post-test geometries of the Taylor impact specimens in terms of major and minor side profiles and impact-interface footprints shows the ability of the model to describe the evolution of anisotropy as a function of the strain rate. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Univ Florida, REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Plunkett, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134014 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400014 ER PT J AU Schmidt, WJ Cazacu, O AF Schmidt, W. J. Cazacu, O. TI Behavior of cementitious materials for high-strain rate conditions SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 11-15, 2006 CL Dijon, FRANCE ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE-BAR; CONCRETE STRENGTH; COMPRESSION; TENSION AB An experimental study aimed at characterization of the combined effects of confinement and high strain rate on the deformation and strength of cementitious materials was conducted. Quasi-static triaxial compression tests for confining pressures ranging from 0 to 6.89 MPa were performed. Dynamic tests for strain rates in the range 40/s to 160/s, under unconfined and confined conditions, were conducted using a split Hopkinson pressure bar. A decrease in strain rate sensitivity with increasing confining pressure was observed. The materials susceptibility to damage under shear loading appears to be more a function of confinement than loading rate. Also, though the uniform stress requirements were not met under uniaxial conditions, minimal levels of confinement yielded valid constitutive property data over the majority of the duration of the experiments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Univ Florida, Res Engn & Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL USA. RP Schmidt, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RI Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016 OI Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 BP 1119 EP 1124 DI 10.1051/jp4:2006134171 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 095SC UT WOS:000241327400171 ER PT J AU Hruby, GW Weld, KJ Marruffo, FC Durak, E Collins, SM Mitchell, RE Herron, A Landman, J AF Hruby, G. W. Weld, K. J. Marruffo, F. C. Durak, E. Collins, S. M. Mitchell, R. E. Herron, A. Landman, J. TI Comparison of a novel tissue apposing device and standard anastomotic technique for vesicourethral anastomoses SO JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0892-7790 J9 J ENDOUROL JI J. Endourol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 20 SU 1 BP A69 EP A69 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 075ST UT WOS:000239906200270 ER PT J AU Lakhotia, A Golconda, S Maida, A Mejia, P Puntambeker, A Seetharaman, G Wilson, S AF Lakhotia, Arun Golconda, Suresh Maida, Anthony Mejia, Pablo Puntambeker, Amit Seetharaman, Guna Wilson, Scott TI CajunBot: Architecture and algorithms SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS LA English DT Article AB CajunBot, an autonomous ground vehicle and a finalist in the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge, is built on the chassis of MAX IV, a six-wheeled all-terrain vehicle (ATV). Transformation of the ATV to an autonomous ground vehicle required adding drive-by-wire control, lidar sensors, an inertial navigation system (INS), and a computing system. Significant innovations in the core computational algorithms include an obstacle detection algorithm that takes advantage of shocks and bumps to improve visibility; a path planning algorithm that takes into account the vehicle's maneuverability limits to generate paths that are navigable at high speed; efficient data structures and algorithms that require just a single Intel Pentium 4 HT 3.2 GHz machine to handle all computations and a middleware layer that transparently distributes the computation to multiple machines, if desired. In addition, CajunBot also features support technologies, such as a simulator, playback of logged data, and live visualization on off-board computers to aid in development, testing, and debugging. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Comp Sci, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. C&C Technol Inc, Lafayette, LA 70508 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ SW Louisiana, Ctr Adv Comp Studies, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. RP Lakhotia, A (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Comp Sci, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA. EM arun@louisiana.edu; sxg3l48@cacs.louisiana.edu; maida@cacs.louisiana.edu; pjm@cctechnol.com; axp5558@louisiana.edu; guna@ieee.org; saw@louisiana.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1556-4959 J9 J FIELD ROBOT JI J. Field Robot. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 23 IS 8 BP 555 EP 578 DI 10.1002/rob.20129 PG 24 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 163GK UT WOS:000246146700007 ER PT J AU Hayes, KL Thomas, RJ Pingry, RE AF Hayes, Kristy L. Thomas, Robert J. Pingry, Richard E., Jr. TI Optimization of optical density requirements for multiwavelength laser safety SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE optimization; nonlinear programming; mathematical programming; laser safety optical density (OD); multiple mode lasers; multiwavelength lasers AB Multiwavelength laser exposures pose unique safety challenges for both laser experts and users of laser systems. We describe two methods of optimizing optical density requirements for multiwavelength laser exposures. The problem is first formulated and solved using standard mathematical programming techniques, and the results are compared to those from a simplified algorithm. The result is a method that can be efficiently integrated into existing laser modeling and hazard analysis software. As an example, overall visible light transmittance is maximized while maintaining eye-safe viewing conditions during a multiwavelength exposure, simultaneously minimizing the total optical density required for sufficient laser eye protection. This optimization formulation helps laser system users determine the proper laser eye protection for safe viewing in multiwavelength laser environments. (c) 2006 Laser Institute of America. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, IT Div, Roanoke, VA 24018 USA. RP Hayes, KL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM robert.thomas@brooks.af.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 3 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.2351/1.2227011 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 080NN UT WOS:000240254700016 ER PT J AU Deas, DE Moritz, AJ Mealey, BL McDonnell, HT Powell, CA AF Deas, David E. Moritz, Alan J. Mealey, Brian L. McDonnell, Howard T. Powell, Charles A. TI Clinical reliability of the "furcation arrow" as a diagnostic marker SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE furcation defects; radiography; x-ray diagnosis; x-ray image AB Background: The radiographic entity known as the "furcation arrow" has long been used in practice even though little is known about its usefulness as a clinical indicator. The definitive study of the furcation arrow suggests that its presence on a radiograph reliably predicts furcation invasion, but this has not been confirmed in an in vivo investigation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the furcation arrow in a clinical setting, testing the assertion that the furcation arrow image is an accurate predictor of furcation invasion. Specifically, we sought to determine the following. First, what is the prevalence of furcation arrow images in the radiographs of maxillary molars with periodontitis? Second, what is the interexaminer agreement on what constitutes a furcation arrow? Third, how does the presence or absence of a furcation arrow correlate with the true clinical status of the furcation? Fourth, what is the sensitivity and specificity of the furcation arrow as a diagnostic indicator? Methods: Eighty-nine patients requiring surgical treatment of periodontitis in the maxillary molar regions were included in this study. Before surgery, one of five calibrated examiners viewed periapical and bitewing radiographs of the surgical site and recorded the presence or absence of a furcation arrow at each proximal furcation. Before administering anesthesia, the same examiner recorded a Hamp index value of each proximal furcation, with a second Hamp index taken after flap reflection and debridement. After surgery, each of the four remaining examiners independently reviewed the radiographs for furcation arrows. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to correlate the appearance of the furcation arrow image to the actual degree of furcation invasion as determined by the intrasurgical Hamp index. Results: A total of 164 maxillary molars were examined, providing 328 interproximal furcations; 111 (33.8%) furcations were determined at surgical debridement to have a furcation invasion of Hamp degree 1 or greater. Of the 111 furcation invasions, 43 (38.7%) were predicted by a furcation arrow image seen by at least three of the five examiners. When comparing the appearance of the radiographic image to the extent of furcation invasion, 20 of 64 (31.3%) Hamp 1 furcation invasions and 23 of 47 (48.9%) Hamp 2 and 3 furcation invasions were predicted by furcation arrows observed by at least three of five examiners. The multirater K statistic for interexaminer agreement on the presence or absence of the image was 0.489. The sensitivity of the furcation arrow image as a diagnostic marker was 38.7%, and the specificity was 92.2%; the positive predictive value of the image was 71.7%, and the negative predictive value was 74.6%. Of the 324 furcations used to compare clinical indices, the agreement of preanesthesia and postdebridement Hamp indices was 0% for degree 3, 83.7% for degree 2, and 98.4% for degree 1 furcation lesions. Conclusions: These data suggest that the furcation arrow has limited usefulness as a diagnostic marker of furcation invasion. The image is difficult to interpret and highly subjective and can correctly predict furcation invasions only similar to 70% of the time when present on the radiograph. In addition, when furcation invasions are truly present, the furcation arrow is seen in < 40% of sites. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Deas, DE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1436 EP 1441 DI 10.1902/jop.2006.060034 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 103IQ UT WOS:000241879300019 PM 16881813 ER PT J AU Sterner, TR Goodyear, CD Robinson, PJ Mattie, DR Burton, GA AF Sterner, TR Goodyear, CD Robinson, PJ Mattie, DR Burton, GA TI Analysis of algorithms predicting blood : air and tissue : blood partition coefficients from solvent partition coefficients for prevalent components of JP-8 jet fuel SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE; NONVOLATILE CHEMICALS; BIOLOGICAL TISSUES; EXPOSURE; RATS; DEET; N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE; SOLUBILITIES AB Algorithms predicting tissue and blood partition coefficients (PCs) from solvent properties were compared to assess their usefulness in a petroleum mixture physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. Measured blood:air and tissue:blood PCs for rat and human tissues were sought from literature resources for 14 prevalent jet fuel (JP-8) components. Average experimental PCs were compared with predicted PCs calculated using algorithms from 9 published sources. Algorithms chosen used solvent PCs (octanol:water, saline or water:air, oil:air coefficients) due to the relative accessibility of these parameters. Tissue:blood PCs were calculated from ratios of predicted tissue:air and experimental blood:air values (PCEB). Of the 231 calculated values, 27% performed within +/- 20% of the experimental PC values. Physiologically based equations (based on water and lipid components of a tissue type) did not perform as well as empirical equations (derived from linear regression of experimental PC data) and hybrid equations (physiological parameters and empirical factors combined) for the jet fuel components. The major limitation encountered in this analysis was the lack of experimental data for the selected JP-8 constituents. PCEB values were compared with tissue:blood PCs calculated from ratios of predicted tissue:air and predicted blood:air values (PCPB). Overall, 68% of PCEB values had smaller absolute % errors than PCPB values. If calculated PC values must be used in models, a comparison of experimental and predicted PCs for chemically similar compounds would estimate the expected error level in calculated values. C1 Operat Technol Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Adv informat Engn Serv Inc, Dayton, OH USA. Alion Sci & Technol Inc, Dayton, OH USA. AFRL, HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Wright State Univ, Inst Environm Qual, Dayton, OH USA. RP Sterner, TR (reprint author), Operat Technol Corp, Bldg 837,2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM teri.sterner@wpafb.af.mil NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 69 IS 15 BP 1441 EP 1479 DI 10.1080/15287390500364416 PG 39 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 051XC UT WOS:000238194000004 PM 16766479 ER PT J AU Swanson, GP Faulkner, J Smalley, SR Noble, MJ Stephens, RL O'Rourke, TJ Weiss, GR Quick, DP Thompson, IM Crawford, ED AF Swanson, Gregory P. Faulkner, James Smalley, Stephen R. Noble, Mark J. Stephens, Ronald L. O'Rourke, Timothy J. Weiss, Geoffrey R. Quick, Donald P. Thompson, Ian M., Jr. Crawford, E. David TI Locally advanced prostate cancer treated with concomitant radiation and 5-fluorouracil: Southwest oncology group study 9024 SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatic neoplasms; chemotherapy; radiotherapy; fluorouracil ID EXTERNAL IRRADIATION; ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION; LOCALIZED CARCINOMA; POTENTIAL BENEFIT; THERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY; DOCETAXEL; TRIAL; ADENOCARCINOMA; MITOXANTRONE AB Purpose: Radiation is considered the standard treatment for locally advanced (T3 and T4) prostate cancer but cure with radiation alone is infrequent. Studies have shown that adding androgen ablation improves the results but there is still much room for improvement. We performed a phase 11 multi-institutional study to explore the feasibility of concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Eligible patients had prostate cancer with clinical evidence of invasion through the prostatic capsule or into the seminal vesicles without evidence of nodal or distant metastasis. Prior prostatectomy was not allowed and patients could not be candidates for surgical resection due to medical reasons or refusal of surgery. Radiation consisted of 7,020 cGy in 39 fractions. Continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil at a dose of 200 mg/m2 daily was started on day 1 and continued 7 days weekly until the last day of radiation. Results: All 30 eligible patients were evaluated for toxicity. Diarrhea was the most common toxicity with grade 3 and 4 diarrhea in 2 and 1 patients, respectively. The only other grade 4 toxicity was hemorrhagic cystitis in 1 patient. There was I incident each of grade 3 stomatitis, congestive heart failure, edema, proctitis and hematuria. No patient with grade 3 or 4 toxicity required treatment delay. Ten patients (33%) achieved a negative biopsy and 13 (43%) achieved prostate specific antigen less than 1.0 ng/ml. Six patients (20%) achieved a complete response, defined as negative biopsy and prostate specific antigen less than 1.0 (95% CI 8 to 39). Patients without any biopsies or without prostate specific antigen followup were assumed to be nonresponders. Conclusions: Toxicity was acceptable. The modest response rate indicates that better chemotherapy that improves local and systemic failure is necessary to improve the results. This study confirms the feasibility of a combined chemoradiotherapy approach. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. JACC Covenant Hlth Syst, Lubbock, TX USA. SW Oncol Grp, Ctr Stat, Seattle, WA USA. Kansas City Community Clin Oncol Program, Kansas City, MO USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas City, MO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Swanson, GP (reprint author), SW Oncol Grp, Operat Off, SWOG 9024,14980 Omicron Dr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA45450, CA35192, CA20319, CA38926, CA22433, CA76132, CA28862, CA12644, CA04920, CA46441, CA32102, CA76447] NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 176 IS 2 BP 548 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2006.03.068 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 063KZ UT WOS:000239018400029 PM 16813886 ER PT J AU Lattin, G O'Brien, W McCrary, B Kearney, P Gover, D AF Lattin, Grant, Jr. O'Brien, William, Sr. McCrary, Brian Kearney, Patrick Gover, David TI Massive systemic air embolism treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy following CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of a pulmonary nodule SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; LUNG AB A rare complication of computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsies of pulmonary lesions is systemic air embolism, with hyperbaric oxygen therapy being considered the mainstay of therapy. The authors describe the case of a 47-year-old man with a left upper lobe mass invading the chest wall who underwent CT-guided needle biopsy of a right lung base nodule to evaluate for metastatic disease. This procedure was complicated by massive systemic air embolism confirmed by CT scan. After initial resuscitative measures, the patient received on-site hyperbaric oxygen therapy and demonstrated no residual clinical sequelae from this complication. C1 David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Lattin, G (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM grant.lattin@travis.af.mil NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1355 EP 1358 DI 10.1097/01.RVI.0000231949.35479.89 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 075MM UT WOS:000239889100014 PM 16923984 ER PT J AU Lee, H Mall, S Sathish, S Blodgett, MP AF Lee, H Mall, S Sathish, S Blodgett, MP TI Evolution of residual stresses in a stress-free titanium alloy subjected to fretting fatigue SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE residual stress; fretting fatigue; titanium alloy ID SHOT-PEENED TI-6AL-4V; DELAMINATION THEORY; WEAR; BEHAVIOR AB This study investigated the complete history of residual stress evolution in a stress-free titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V under fretting fatigue loading condition. Compressive residual stress developed in the contact region due to the local plastic deformation between contacting bodies. The compressive residual stress then increased initially with increasing number of fretting fatigue cycles reaching to a maximum value, and then it decreased (or relaxed) with further cycling. This relaxation of compressive residual stress was due to the delamination and detachment of flake-like (wear sheet) material in the fretted region. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Andong Natl Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Andong, South Korea. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 60 IS 17-18 BP 2222 EP 2226 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2005.12.115 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 049XI UT WOS:000238050700039 ER PT J AU Letz, AG McFarland, RW Dice, JP AF Letz, Adrian G. McFarland, Ross W. Dice, John P. TI Delay of chemotherapy to prevent progressive vaccinia SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 18-23, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy Asthma & Immunol ID SMALLPOX VACCINATION; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; COMPLICATIONS; THERAPY; METHISAZONE; GANGRENOSA; MILITARY; LEUKEMIA AB Objective: The goal was to discuss the potential risk of progressive vaccinia in the setting of smallpox vaccination with immunosuppression and to present strategies to avoid progressive vaccinia. Methods: A case report and literature review are presented. Results: A 21-year-old, male, military member received smallpox vaccination and was coincidentally diagnosed as having osteosarcoma similar to 2 weeks later. His recent vaccination was recognized, and chemotherapy was subsequently delayed until separation of the scab at the vaccination site. The patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and fared well, without any evidence of progressive vaccinia or other smallpox vaccine complications. Conclusions: Smallpox vaccine should be withheld from immunocompromised patients because of the risk of progressive vaccinia. Conversely, immunosuppressive therapies should be delayed for recently vaccinated patients. There are no controlled trials in this area, but withholding immunosuppressive therapy until separation of the scab is a rational approach. This patient was exposed to chemotherapy after scab separation and did not develop progressive vaccinia. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Letz, AG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 759th Med Operat Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 171 IS 8 BP 788 EP 789 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 072CS UT WOS:000239650800020 PM 16933825 ER EF