FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Wagner, AJ Bleckmann, CA Murdock, RC Schrand, AM Schlager, JJ Hussain, SM AF Wagner, Andrew J. Bleckmann, Charles A. Murdock, Richard C. Schrand, Amanda M. Schlager, John J. Hussain, Saber M. TI Cellular interaction of different forms of aluminum nanoparticles in rat alveolar macrophages SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; NANOMATERIALS AB Nanomaterials, with dimensions in the 1-100 nm range, possess numerous potential benefits to society. However, there is little characterization of their effects on biological systems, either within the environment or on human health. The present study examines cellular interaction of aluminum oxide and aluminum nanomaterials, including their effect on cell viability and cell phagocytosis, with reference to particle size and the particle's chemical composition. Experiments were performed to characterize initial in vitro cellular effects of rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) after exposure to aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NP at 30 and 40 nm) and aluminum metal nanoparticles containing a 2-3 nm oxide coat (Al-NP at 50, 80, and 120 nm). Characterization of the nanomaterials, both as received and in situ, was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), and/or CytoViva150 Ultra Resolution Imaging (URI)). Particles showed significant agglomeration in cell exposure media using DLS and the URI as compared to primary particle size in TEM. Cell viability assay results indicate a marginal effect on macrophage viability after exposure to Al2O3-NP at doses of 100 mu g/mL for 24 h continuous exposure. Al-NP produced significantly reduced viability after 24 h of continuous exposure with doses from 100 to 250 mu g/mL. Cell phagocytotic ability was significantly hindered by exposure to 50, 80, or 120 nm Al-NP at 25 mu g/mL for 24 h, but the same concentration (25 mu g/mL) had no significant effect on the cellular viability. However, no significant effect on phagocytosis was observed with Al2O3-NP. In summary, these results show that Al-NP exhibit greater toxicity and more significantly diminish the phagocytotic ability of macrophages after 24 h of exposure when compared to Al2O3-NP. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil RI Bleckmann, Charles/A-7447-2009 NR 16 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 28 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 25 BP 7353 EP 7359 DI 10.1021/jp068938n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 181KN UT WOS:000247435700052 PM 17547441 ER PT J AU Gamblin, B Toon, OB Tolbert, MA Kondo, Y Takegawa, N Irie, H Koike, M Hudson, PK Ballenthin, JO Hunton, DE Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Anderson, BE Avery, M Sachse, GW Guenther, K Sorenson, C Mahoney, MJ AF Gamblin, B. Toon, O. B. Tolbert, M. A. Kondo, Y. Takegawa, N. Irie, H. Koike, M. Hudson, P. K. Ballenthin, J. O. Hunton, D. E. Miller, T. M. Viggiano, A. A. Anderson, B. E. Avery, M. Sachse, G. W. Guenther, K. Sorenson, C. Mahoney, M. J. TI Nitric acid condensation on ice: 2. Kinetic limitations, a possible "cloud clock'' for determining cloud parcel lifetime SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE NITROGEN; SULFURIC-ACID; CIRRUS CLOUDS; WATER-ICE; HNO3; TEMPERATURES; PARTICLES; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE AB [1] Measurements of NOY condensation on cirrus particles found in stratospherically influenced air sampled during the SOLVE-I mission are analyzed and compared with data from other field studies of HNO3 or NOY condensation on ice. Each field study exhibits an order of magnitude data spread for constant HNO3 pressures and temperatures. While others assumed this distribution is due to random error, the data spread exceeds instrument precision errors and instead suggests HNO3 removal had not attained equilibrium at the time of sampling. During the SOLVE-I mission, condensation on ice was a significant sink for HNO3 despite submonolayer surface coverages; we therefore propose condensation of HNO3 on lower-stratospheric cirrus particles is controlled by kinetics and will occur at a kinetically limited rate. Furthermore, we suggest the low accommodation coefficient for HNO3 on ice combined with relatively short-lived clouds causes highly scattered, limited HNO3 uptake on cirrus particles. We couple laboratory data on the accommodation coefficient of HNO3 on ice with field surface coverage data in order to generate a "cloud clock'': a calculation to determine the age of a cloud parcel. Data from the aforementioned field studies are compared to theoretical models for equilibrium surface coverage on the basis of laboratory data extrapolated to atmospheric temperatures and HNO3 pressures. This comparison is difficult because most of the atmospheric data are probably not at equilibrium and follow a condensation time curve rather than an equilibrium surface coverage curve. Finally, we develop a simple mathematical solution for the time required for HNO3 condensation on ice. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Kanasawa Ku, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NASA, Dryden Flight Res Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gamblin, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bgamblin@airsci.com RI Koike, Makoto/F-4366-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D12 AR D12209 DI 10.1029/2005JD006049 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 185AG UT WOS:000247683100001 ER PT J AU Choi, JY Oh, SJ Lee, HJ Wang, DH Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Choi, Ja-Young Oh, Se-Jin Lee, Hwa-Jeong Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI In-situ grafting of hyperbranched poly(ether ketone)s onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes via the A(3)+B-2 approach SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ETHER PHOSPHINE OXIDE)S; POLYPHOSPHORIC ACID/P2O5; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; COMPOSITES; NANOFIBERS; DISPERSION; POLYMER; ACID; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Trimesic acid and phenyl ether were in-situ polymerized as A(3) and B-2 monomers, respectively, in the presence of a fixed amount (10 wt %) of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) to afford hyperbranched poly(ether ketone)s (PEK's)/MWNT nanocomposites. The feed ratios of A(3) and B-2 monomers vary from 3:2 to 1:2 in the A(3) + B-2 polycondensations. The polymerization was carried out in a mildly acidic medium, i.e., poly(phosphoric acid) or PPA, with an optimized amount of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) added. The overall evidence based on the data of elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) implicates that hyperbranched PEK's were attached to the surface of MWNT to form hyperbranched PEK-g-MWNT nanocomposites. Furthermore, MWNT remained structurally intact under the polymerization and workup conditions. Evidently driven by the molecular architecture of globular hyperbranched polymers, the morphology of the nanocomposites resembles "mushroom-like clusters on MWNT stalks". The hyperbranched PEK-g-MWNT nanocomposites were soluble in polar aprotic solvents stemming from numerous carboxylic acids on their surfaces. When some of samples were dispersed in 1 M LiOH aqueous solutions, they formed very stable suspensions. The resulting lithiated nanocomposites are being investigated in the applications such as ion conductivity and energy capacitance. C1 Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chungbuk 361763, South Korea. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBP,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chungbuk 361763, South Korea. EM jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 54 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 26 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 13 BP 4474 EP 4480 DI 10.1021/ma0701282 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 180DK UT WOS:000247340700016 ER PT J AU Haider, S Park, SY Saeed, K Farmer, BL AF Haider, Sajjad Park, Soo-Young Saeed, Khalid Farmer, B. L. TI Swelling and electroresponsive characteristics of gelatin immobilized onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs); gelatin; composite; hydrogel; electric response; bending phenomenon; swelling ID POLYMER NETWORK HYDROGEL; ACID) IPN HYDROGELS; POLY(ACRYLIC ACID); ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES; ELECTRIC STIMULUS; DRUG-DELIVERY; NEUTRAL PH; BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITE; DEFORMATION AB We prepared multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/gelatin composites by dispersion of MWNT through ultrasonication in an aqueous medium with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The swelling behavior and the bending mechanism of the composite and pure gelatin films were studied in order to clarify the potential use of MWNT in the gelatin actuator. The response of the composite and pure hydrogel to the applied electrical field in the NaCl aqueous solution was investigated. Both the composite and pure hydrogel showed a two-stage bending phenomenon, an early bending towards the anode and a later bending towards the cathode. We investigated the mechanism of this bending phenomenon based on osmotic pressure difference at the inter-phase between the hydrogel film and salt solution. The swelling behavior of the composite was studied by immersion of the vacuum-dried samples into a 0. 1 M NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. The incorporation of MWNT gradually decreased the swelling of the hydrogel and exerted no effect on the swelling mechanism, which followed the second order kinetic. Both the bound and unbound water contents (measured from DSC) decreased with the addition of MWNT. This phenomenon might be due to the hydrophobic effect of the MWNT and increase in crosslinking density between the MWNTs and gelatin by increasing the MWNT concentration. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. AFRL, MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, SY (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM psy@knu.ac.kr NR 54 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUN 26 PY 2007 VL 124 IS 2 BP 517 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2007.01.024 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 185UL UT WOS:000247735800032 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Jefferson, GJ Kerans, RJ AF Parthasarathy, T. A. Jefferson, G. J. Kerans, R. J. TI Analytical evaluation of hybrid ceramic design concepts for optimized structural performance SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE hybrid; ceramics; CMC; monolith; design; modeling ID DISSIMILAR ELASTIC-MATERIALS; CRACK DEFLECTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; POROUS INTERLAYERS; INTERFACE; COMPOSITES; POROSITY; CRITERIA; ALUMINA AB Many high temperature structural applications demand a material which has a combination of high thermo-chemical stability, hot strength and good foreign object damage (FOD) resistance. The possibility of combining the advantages of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) and monolithic forms of ceramics in a single hybrid design to obtain a strong damage tolerant material design was explored using modeling. The desired advantage will be enhanced reliability retaining high strength and other density-dependent properties such as thermal conductivity. Two key factors, identified as crucial to the concept, were analyzed. One of them was the prevention of cracks that form from foreign object damage (FOD) at the surface within the CMC, from entering the monolithic core. Finite element models predict that the use a porous interphase to engineer the interface is a viable strategy, and that an optimal thickness of this layer exists for maximum tendency to deflect cracks. The second factor examined was the ability of these hybrid materials to withstand thermal gradients. The model predicts that the concept is feasible if the CMC layer is sufficiently thin (< 0.5 mm). It is concluded that the hybrid design is a viable strategy for hot structures requiring damage tolerance. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. AFRL, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Triplicane.Parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 459 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.091 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 171IL UT WOS:000246729300008 ER PT J AU Familia, AM Sarangan, A Nelson, TR AF Familia, Aziz Mahfoud Sarangan, Andrew Nelson, Thomas R. TI Gas to crystal effect on the spectral line narrowing of MEH-PPV SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; CONJUGATED-POLYMER-FILMS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS AB We report two emission bands corresponding to the spectral line narrowing (SLN) of the conjugated polymer [2 '-methoxy-5-(2 '-ethylhexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) in films. The SLN emission coming from the polymer chains closer to the glass substrate are at a different spectral position compared to the chains that lay further away from the glass substrate. We explain this phenomenon as a direct consequence of the "gas-to-crystal" effect. In solution form, as concentration was increased, and thus the proportion of aggregates, a decrease in the SLN bandwidth and a red shift of the emission peak was observed. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 Univ Dayton, Elect Opt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Familia, AM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Elect Opt Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM mahfouaf@notes.udayton.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 25 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 13 BP 8231 EP 8236 DI 10.1364/OE.15.008231 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 194RJ UT WOS:000248361200036 PM 19547151 ER PT J AU Kosch, MJ Pedersen, T Mishin, E Oyama, S Hughes, J Senior, A Watkins, B Bristow, B AF Kosch, M. J. Pedersen, T. Mishin, E. Oyama, S. Hughes, J. Senior, A. Watkins, B. Bristow, B. TI Coordinated optical and radar observations of ionospheric pumping for a frequency pass through the second electron gyroharmonic at HAARP SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS; HF-INDUCED AIRGLOW; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; MAGNETIC ZENITH; RADIO-WAVES; DENSITY IRREGULARITIES; F-REGION; SUPERDARN OBSERVATIONS; GYRO FREQUENCY AB On 4 February 2005, the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility was operated in O and X mode while pointing into the magnetic zenith to produce artificial optical emissions in the ionospheric F layer. The pump frequency was set to 2.85 MHz to ensure passing through the second electron gyroharmonic of the decaying ionosphere. Optical recordings at 557.7 and 630 nm were performed simultaneously with the side-viewing high frequency (HF) and colocated ultra high frequency (UHF) ionospheric radars. No X-mode effects were found. For O-mode pumping, when passing from below to above the second gyroharmonic frequency, the optical intensity shows a distinct increase when the plasma frequency passes through the second electron gyroharmonic, while the UHF backscatter changes from persistent to overshoot in character. The optical intensity decreases when pump wave reflection ceases, dropping to zero when upper-hybrid resonance ceases. The HF radar backscatter increases when the upper-hybrid resonance frequency passes from below to above the second gyroharmonic frequency. These observations are consistent with the coexistence of the parametric decay and thermal parametric instabilities above the second gyroharmonic. The combined optical and radar data provide evidence that up to three electron-acceleration mechanisms are acting, sometimes simultaneously, depending on the pump frequency relative to the second gyroharmonic. In addition, we provide the first evidence of lower-hybrid waves in HF radar centerline data and show that the parametric decay instability producing Langmuir waves can be stimulated in the magnetic zenith at high latitudes despite the pump wave not reaching the nominal frequency-matching height. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Commun Syst, Infolab21, Lancaster LA1 4WA, England. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA. RP Kosch, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM m.kosch@lancaster.ac.uk OI Kosch, Michael Jurgen/0000-0003-2846-3915 NR 69 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 23 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A6 AR A06325 DI 10.1029/2006JA012146 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 182YG UT WOS:000247539300004 ER PT J AU Tang, XN Houchins, C Xu, HF Ng, CY Chiu, Y Dressler, RA Levandier, DJ AF Tang, X. N. Houchins, C. Xu, H. F. Ng, C. Y. Chiu, Y. Dressler, R. A. Levandier, D. J. TI An experimental and quasiclassical trajectory study of the rovibrationally state-selected reactions: HD+(v=0-15,j=1)+He -> HeH+(HeD+)+D(H) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; RARE-GASES; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; COINCIDENCE SCHEME; HD+ COLLISIONS; DYNAMICS; HE AB The absolute integral cross sections for the formation of HeH+ and HeD+ from the collisions of HD+(v,j=1)+He have been examined over a broad range of vibrational energy levels v=0-13 at the center-of-mass collision energies (E-T) of 0.6 and 1.4 eV using the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) pulsed field ionization photoelectron secondary ion coincidence method. The E-T dependencies of the integral cross sections for products HeH+ and HeD+ from HD+(v=0-4)+He collisions in the E-T range of 0-3 eV have also been measured using the VUV photoionization guided ion beam mass spectrometric technique, in which vibrationally selected HD+(v) reactant ions were prepared via excitation of selected autoionization resonances of HD. At low total energies, a pronounced isotope effect is observed in absolute integral cross sections for the HeH++D and HeD++H channels with significant favoring of the deuteron transfer channel. As v is increased in the range of v=0-9, the integral cross sections of the HeH++D channel are found to approach those of HeD++H. The observed velocity distributions of products HeD+ and HeH+ are consistent with an impulsive or spectator-stripping mechanism. Detailed quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations are also presented for HD+(v,j=1)+He collisions at the same energies of the experiment. The QCT calculations were performed on the most accurate ab initio potential energy surface available. If the zero-point energy of the reaction products is taken into account, the QCT cross sections for products HeH+ and HeD+ from HD+(v)+He are found to be significantly lower than the experimental results at E-T values near the reaction thresholds. The agreement between the experimental and QCT cross sections improves with translational energy. Except for prethreshold reactivity, QCT calculations ignoring the zero-point energy in the products are generally in good agreement with experimental absolute cross sections. The experimental HeH+/HeD+ branching ratios for the HD+(v=0-9)+He collisions are generally consistent with QCT predictions. The observed isotope effects can be rationalized on the basis of differences in thermochemical thresholds and angular momentum conservation constraints. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02159 USA. RP Tang, XN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cyng@chem.ucdavis.edu; rainer.dressler@hanscom.af.mil NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 23 AR 234305 DI 10.1063/1.2743027 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 181XG UT WOS:000247469100022 PM 17600418 ER PT J AU Midey, A Dotan, I Lee, S Rawlins, WT Johnson, MA Viggiano, AA AF Midey, Anthony Dotan, Itzhak Lee, S. Rawlins, W. T. Johnson, Mark A. Viggiano, A. A. TI Kinetics for the reactions of O- and O-2(-) with O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) measured in a selected ion flow tube at 300 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-DISCHARGE; ASSOCIATIVE-DETACHMENT; 1315-NM TRANSITION; MOLECULE KINETICS; OXYGEN PLASMA; POSITIVE GAIN; ENERGY; PHOTODISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; COEFFICIENTS AB The kinetics of the reactions of O- and O-2(-) with O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) have been studied at 300 K in a selected ion flow tube (SIFT). The O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) concentrations have been determined using emission at 1270 nm from the O-2(a(1)Delta(g), v = 0 -> X-3 Sigma(-)(g), v = 0) transition measured with an InGaAs detector calibrated against absolute spectrally dispersed emission measurements. The rate constants measured for O- and O-2(-) are 1.1 x 10(-10) and 6.6 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1), respectively, with uncertainties of +/- 35%. The O-2(-) reaction only produces electrons and can be described as Penning detachment, while the O- reaction has been found to produce both O-2(-) and e(-). The O-2(-) branching fraction has a lower limit of similar to 0.30. Comparison of the present results to previous measurements found in the literature provides a resolution to a previous discrepancy in the rate constant values. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Open Univ Israel, IL-43107 Raanana, Israel. Phys Sci Inc, New England Business Ctr 20, Andover, MA 01810 USA. Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 21 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 24 BP 5218 EP 5222 DI 10.1021/jp071304b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 178JI UT WOS:000247216600013 PM 17523608 ER PT J AU Andersen, G Tullson, D AF Andersen, Geoff Tullson, Drew TI Broadband antihole photon sieve telescope SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FRESNEL ZONE PLATES; FOCUSING ANALYSIS; EFFICIENCY; MODEL AB A broadband-corrected optical telescope has been constructed from a photon sieve with five million holes. Through careful optimization of hole size, this "antihole" sieve has holes centered on the dark underlying Fresnel zones. The diffraction-limited performance of a 1 m focal-length, f/10 element is demonstrated with a view toward constructing large lightweight telescopes for space applications. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, HD USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Andersen, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, HD USAFA DFP, Suite 2A31,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM geoff.andersen@usafa.af.mil NR 10 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 18 BP 3706 EP 3708 DI 10.1364/AO.46.003706 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 178YQ UT WOS:000247256700007 PM 17538665 ER PT J AU Sands, BL Bayram, SB AF Sands, Brian L. Bayram, S. Burcin TI Characteristics of a high-power broad-area laser operating in a passively stabilized external cavity SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CONJUGATE FEEDBACK; DIODE-LASER; DYE-LASER; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; INJECTION LOCKING; SPATIOTEMPORAL EMISSION; ARRAY; VAPOR; MODE; REFLECTION AB We narrowed the spectral bandwidth of our 2 W broad-area laser to 8 +/- 1 GHz with a coarse tunability of 12 nm centered near 790 nm in an external cavity. Our passively stabilized external cavity was designed for use with high-power semiconductor lasers. The cavity length and mount are modular with a fixed pivot point so that the optical elements can be changed to access a broad frequency spectrum and enable multiple applications. The bandwidth was observed to be dependent on the multimode transverse structure of the laser. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bayram, SB (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM bayramsb@muohio.edu NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 18 BP 3829 EP 3835 DI 10.1364/AO.46.003829 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 178YQ UT WOS:000247256700022 PM 17538680 ER PT J AU Li, GM Burggraf, LW AF Li, Guangming Burggraf, Larry W. TI Controlled patterning of polymer films using an AFM tip as a nano-hammer SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; NANOMETER-SCALE; SURFACE; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; POLYSTYRENE; MANIPULATION; TEMPERATURE; MORPHOLOGY; FRICTION AB A force-modulated atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to produce controlled two-dimensional nano-structure arrays in polymer films. Unmodulated AFM methods have not achieved the registry control necessary to generate multi-dimensional structures. Registry control was achieved by generating optimally modulated stress waves using a scanning AFM cantilever tip as a nano-hammer. Ordered nano-dots in selected two-dimensional lattice structures were constructed by reshaping the surface of polystyrene thin films using the force-modulated AFM tip. Selecting the wavelength and orientation of the stress distribution in polymer films enabled control of the periodicity and symmetry of nano-arrays. The formation and growth of the nano-structures are attributed to the stress-induced reconstruction in the thin polymer films. Surface reconstruction models based on the stress-induced instability near polymer surfaces may provide further insight into structures induced in polymers by a scanning tip. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. TopTech Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Burggraf, LW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lburggraf@afit.edu NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN 20 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 24 AR 245302 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/24/245302 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 176HZ UT WOS:000247076900003 ER PT J AU Kim, SI Kametani, F Chen, Z Gurevich, A Larbalestier, DC Haugan, T Barnes, P AF Kim, S. I. Kametani, F. Chen, Z. Gurevich, A. Larbalestier, D. C. Haugan, T. Barnes, P. TI On the through-thickness critical current density of an YBa2Cu3O7-x film containing a high density of insulating, vortex-pinning nanoprecipitates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COATED CONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT; SUPERCONDUCTOR; DEPOSITION; BICRYSTALS AB Using sequential ion milling the authors have studied the thickness dependence of the critical current density J(c)(H) of a single crystal 1 mu m thick YBa2Cu3O7-x thin film containing similar to 5 vol % of insulating Y2BaCuO5 (Y211) nanoparticles in order to better understand how to obtain high critical currents in thick films. Except very near the interface where the defect density was enhanced, J(c)(H) in the body of the film was uniform and independent of thickness with a high maximum pinning force of 8.8 GN/m(3) at 77 K. The authors conclude that the nanoscale Y211 precipitates result in strong, three-dimensional pinning characterized by a pin spacing of similar to 30 nm, much smaller than the film thickness. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Florida State Univ, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, SI (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM sikim@asc.magnet.fsu.edu RI Chen, Zhijun/D-2871-2009; Gurevich, Alex/A-4327-2008; Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008 OI Gurevich, Alex/0000-0003-0759-8941; Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 18 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 25 AR 252502 DI 10.1063/1.2749437 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 181XE UT WOS:000247468900050 ER PT J AU Sun, G Cheng, HH AF Sun, G. Cheng, H. H. TI Strain-free Ge/GeSiSn quantum cascade lasers based on L-valley intersubband transitions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP; ALLOYS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; SIGESN; MODEL AB The authors propose a Ge/Ge0.76Si0.19Sn0.05 quantum cascade laser using intersubband transitions at L valleys of the conduction band which has a "clean" offset of 150 meV situated below other energy valleys (Gamma,X). The entire structure is strain-free because the lattice-matched Ge and Ge0.76Si0.19Sn0.05 layers are to be grown on a relaxed Ge buffer layer on a Si substrate. Longer lifetimes due to the weaker scattering of nonpolar optical phonons reduce the threshold current and potentially lead to room temperature operation. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Elect Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM hhcheng@ntu.edu.tw RI 李, 輝/B-1359-2016 NR 19 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 18 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 25 AR 251105 DI 10.1063/1.2749844 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 181XE UT WOS:000247468900005 ER PT J AU Pradhan, B Sharma, AK Ray, AK AF Pradhan, Basudev Sharma, Ashwani K. Ray, Asim K. TI Conduction studies on chemical bath-deposited nanocrystalline CdS thin films SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE nanostrctures; polycrystalline deposition; semiconducting II-VI materials; solar cells ID GROWTH; CELL AB Chemically pure, stoichiometric cadmium sulphide (CdS) films were produced by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method on suitably cleaned silicon (Si) wafer and indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrates at room temperature. The nanocrystalline film was found to be hexagonal in structure with the preferential orientation along the (002) plane. Variable-range hopping conduction through 66nm thick CdS films on ITO substrates was found to be responsible at the low voltage while space charge-limited conduction became dominant at a relatively high bias voltage. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Mat, Nanotechnol Res Labs, London E1 4NS, England. Indian Assoc Culivat Sci, Dept Solid State Phys, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Ray, AK (reprint author), Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Mat, Nanotechnol Res Labs, London E1 4NS, England. EM a.k.ray@qmul.ac.uk RI Pradhan, Basudev/C-2319-2008 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 304 IS 2 BP 388 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.03.041 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 181EL UT WOS:000247419600016 ER PT J AU Roddy, PA Earle, GD Swenson, CM Carlson, CG Bullett, TW AF Roddy, P. A. Earle, G. D. Swenson, C. M. Carlson, C. G. Bullett, T. W. TI The composition and horizontal homogeneity of E region plasma layers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SPORADIC-E; GRAVITY-WAVES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ROCKET OBSERVATIONS; MIDDLE; IONOSPHERE; WIND; SEPARATION; CAMPAIGN AB [1] A series of four NASA sounding rockets launched from Wallops Island, VA (37.84 degrees N, 75.48 degrees W), on 29 - 30 June 2003 between the hours of 23: 19 and 3: 07 EST observed an intermediate layer and a plasma density enhancement possibly associated with an internal gravity wave. Ion composition measurements were made by the third payload at 2: 50 EST from 80- to 220-km altitude and included observations of three separate regions having high concentrations of metallic ions: a sporadic E layer at 105 km, an intermediate layer at 118 km, and the region above 160 km. The remaining payloads measured electron densities and made TMA chemical tracer releases at 23: 19, 1: 41, and 3: 07 EST, respectively. This sequence of measurements shows that intermediate layers cannot be treated as flat layers over a scale of hundreds of kilometers and that internal gravity waves may lead to the formation of plasma layers in the nighttime lower F and upper E region ionosphere. The composition observations demonstrate that metallic ions may be a significant source of ionization in the nighttime E and F region ionosphere at midlatitudes, and that the relative ion composition within intermediate layers may fluctuate significantly over horizontal scales of hundreds of kilometers. C1 Univ Texas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Utah State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Roddy, PA (reprint author), Univ Texas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM roddy@utdallas.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A6 AR A06312 DI 10.1029/2006JA011713 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 180NK UT WOS:000247371600001 ER PT J AU Kulatilaka, WD Chai, N Naik, SV Roy, S Laurendeau, NM Lucht, RP Kuehner, JP Gord, JR AF Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Chai, Ning Naik, Sameer V. Roy, Sukesh Laurendeau, Normand M. Lucht, Robert P. Kuehner, Joel P. Gord, James R. TI Effects of pressure variations on electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering of nitric oxide SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS; Q-BRANCH; DIFFUSION FLAMES; CARS SPECTRA; LINE-SHAPES; SPECTROSCOPY; N-2; TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN; GASES AB The effects of pressure variations on the electron ic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ERE-CARS) signal, of nitric oxide (NO) were studied at pressures ranging from 0. 1 to 8 bar. ERE-CARS signals were recorded in a gas cell filled with a mixture of 300 ppm NO in N-2 buffer gas at room temperature. The ERE-CARS signal was found to increase with rising pressure up to 2 bar and to remain nearly constant thereafter. The spectra recorded at different cell pressures were modeled using a modified version of the Sandia CARSFT code. Laser-saturation effects were accounted for by systematically varying the theoretical ultraviolet probe-laser linewidth. Excellent agreement was obtained between theory and experiment for the pressure-scaling behavior of the ERE-CARS signal of NO. This finding, along with a negligible influence of electronic quenching on the ERE-CARS signal, provides strong incentive for the application of ERE-CARS to measurements of NO concentrations in high-pressure combustion environments. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. Propuls Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kulatilaka, WD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wdkulat@sandia.gov RI Chai, Ning/I-1029-2012 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 274 IS 2 BP 441 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2007.02.022 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 168RL UT WOS:000246541600028 ER PT J AU Bode, KS Newton, PO AF Bode, Kenneth S. Newton, Peter O. TI Pediatric nonaccidental trauma thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation - Posterior spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation in an 8-month-old boy SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE pediatric; nonaccidental trauma; thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation; posterior spinal fusion; pedicle screw ID CHILD-ABUSE; INSTRUMENTATION; INJURIES; COMPLICATIONS; SERIES AB Study Design. Case report of pedicle screw fixation in an infant with nonaccidental spine trauma. Objective. To ensure awareness of nonaccidental pediatric spine trauma and describe a safe and effective method of treating a complex problem of thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation in an infant. Summary of Background Data. Nonaccidental pediatric spine trauma is rare, accounting for < 1% of abuse. No previous cases of pedicle screw fixation have been described in a patient younger than 1 year of age. Prior treatment of this clinical entity has been treated with casts or wire-fixation. Methods. An 8-month-old boy had a nonaccidental (also known as child abuse) traumatic T12-L1 fracture-dislocation. This was subsequently surgically corrected with posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation with pedicle screws. Results. After surgery, the patient is doing well with no adverse effects from surgery. Conclusions. Although child abuse is a rare cause of spinal trauma, clinicians should do a full skeletal survey to ensure no other injuries are overlooked. Pedicle screw fixation can be used in infants with unstable traumatic spinal injuries, allowing earlier rehabilitation and return to normal activity level. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Childrens Hosp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Bode, KS (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1,MCSO, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Kenneth.bode@lackland.af.mil NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JUN 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 14 BP E388 EP E393 DI 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318067dcad PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 181KS UT WOS:000247436200022 PM 17572611 ER PT J AU Stricker, JT Gudmundsdottir, AD Smith, AP Taylor, BE Durstock, MF AF Stricker, Jeffery T. Gudmundsdottir, Anna D. Smith, Adam P. Taylor, Barney E. Durstock, Michael F. TI Fabrication of organic thin-film transistors using layer-by-layer assembly SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SEQUENTIALLY ADSORBED LAYERS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; CHEMICAL DERIVATIZATION; EFFECT DEVICES; PH; TRANSPORT; REDOX AB Layer-by-layer assembly is presented as a deposition technique for the incorporation of ultrathin gate dielectric layers into thin-film transistors utilizing a highly doped organic active layer. This deposition technique enables the fabrication of device structures with a controllable gate dielectric thickness. In particular, devices with a dielectric layer comprised of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAH/PAA) bilayer films were fabricated to examine the properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the transistor active layer. The transistor I-on/off ratio and switching speed are shown to be controlled by the gate bias, which is dependent upon the voltage applied and the number of bilayers deposited for the gate dielectric. The devices operate in the depletion mode as a result of dedoping of the active layer with the application of a positive gate bias. The depletion and recovery rate are highly dependent on the level of hydration in the film and the environment under which the device is operated. These observations are consistent with an electrochemical dedoping of the conducting polymer during operation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Durstock, MF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Durstock@wpafb.af.mil NR 40 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 23 BP 6322 EP 6326 DI 10.1021/jp0688862 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 175SK UT WOS:000247034100005 PM 17511494 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Decker, DT Welsh, JA Cole, DG AF McNamara, Leo F. Decker, Dwight T. Welsh, Judith A. Cole, David G. TI Validation of the Utah State University Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM) model predictions of the maximum usable frequency for a 3000 km circuit SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB [ 1] The accuracy of the Utah State University Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM) monthly median values of the maximum usable frequency for an HF communications circuit has been determined for 3000 km circuits centered on Australian ionosonde locations for March and April 2004. The accuracy is discussed in terms of f(o)F(2), M( 3000) F-2, and the product MUF(3000) F-2 = f(o)F(2) * M(3000) F-2. Ground truth is provided by hourly values of f(o)F(2) and M( 3000) F-2 that have been hand-scaled from ionograms. In general, the accuracy of the GAIM predictions of f(o)F(2) exceeds that for M(3000) F-2. Given that M(3000) F-2 is a function of the height and shape of the F-2 subpeak, it follows that these parameters of the GAIM F-2 peak need to be improved. The GAIM errors in f(o)F(2) are quite large at Learmonth during the day, even though Learmonth is a digital ionospheric sounding systems (DISS) station that provides real-time data to GAIM. We interpret these errors in terms of limitations of the current GAIM model. Comparisons of the GAIM errors in the monthly median MUF( 3000) F2 with those given by the propagation prediction program Advanced Stand Alone Prediction System (ASAPS) show that the GAIM errors are generally somewhat greater than the ASAPS errors, but we consider GAIM's performance to be creditable given that most of the data available for assimilation is GPS total electron content observations. Overall, the daytime GAIM errors are 3 MHz or 10%, while the nighttime errors are 3 MHz or 16%. On average, the GAIM errors are about 3/2 the ASAPS errors during the day and twice the ASAPS errors at night. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Australian Govt IPS Radio & Space Serv, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM leo.mcnamara.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUN 14 PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 AR RS3015 DI 10.1029/2006RS003589 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 180NN UT WOS:000247371900004 ER PT J AU Baker, CC Chromik, RR Wahl, KJ Hu, JJ Voevodin, AA AF Baker, C. C. Chromik, R. R. Wahl, K. J. Hu, J. J. Voevodin, A. A. TI Preparation of chameleon coatings for space and ambient environments SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; coatings; tribology; aerospace ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; NANOCOMPOSITE TRIBOLOGICAL COATINGS; COMPOSITE COATINGS; SURFACE ADAPTATION; CARBON COMPOSITES; LUBRICANT FILMS; MOS2; WEAR; PERFORMANCE AB Tribological coatings of yttria-stabilized zirconia, (YSZ), Au, diamond like carbon (DLC) and MoS2 were synthesized using magnetron assisted pulsed laser deposition. The coatings were synthesized in four-component and three-component combinations that included YSZ/Au/DLC/MOS2, YSZ/Au/MoS2, and YSZ/Au/DLC. A range of coating compositions was studied to explore coating optimization for low friction in varying environments (dry, humid and high temperature). For four-component YSZ/Au/DLC/moS(2) coatings, the optimal compositions for friction adaptation between dry nitrogen and humid air included relatively high concentrations of the soft phase, Au (>20 at.%), and low amounts of the hard phases, DLC and YSZ. Ex situ Raman spectroscopy analysis indicates that triction adaptation involves a combination of both lubricating species, MoS2 and carbon, where transitions of DLC to graphitic-carbon and amorphous MoS2 to its hexagonal phase occur after cycling between both room temperature humid air and dry nitrogen. In large carbon concentrations (> 30 at.%), the DLC component was found to be detrimental for friction in dry nitrogen and humid air, but promoted a longer coating wear life at 500 degrees C. The three-component coating of YSZ/Au/MoS2 performed well in both dry nitrogen and humid air, suggesting a synergism between Au and MOS2, where carbon was not necessary for lubrication in humid air. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Baker, CC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM colin.baker@nrl.navy.mil RI Chromik, Richard/D-8566-2011; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015; OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 36 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUN 13 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 17 BP 6737 EP 6743 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.02.005 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 174NA UT WOS:000246947800015 ER PT J AU Leiweke, RJ Ganguly, BN AF Leiweke, Robert J. Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Effects of pulsed-excitation applied voltage rise time on argon metastable production efficiency in a high pressure dielectric barrier discharge SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VUV EMISSION AB The authors have quantified the effect of pressure scaling on Ar metastable production efficiency in a dielectric barrier discharge with and without dielectric component losses. Estimates of the volume averaged deposited energy were performed for both short or long rise time voltage pulses, using the same total applied voltages of similar to 10 and similar to 150 ns, respectively. The metastable production efficiencies of long-pulse discharge exhibit smaller decrease over the 100-500 Torr pressure range, compared to those of the short-pulse one to the extent that the efficiency values and scaling for both cases are essentially the same within the experimental uncertainty. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ganguly, BN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 24 AR 241501 DI 10.1063/1.2748324 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QR UT WOS:000247305400021 ER PT J AU Pantha, BN Dahal, R Nakarmi, ML Nepal, N Li, J Lin, JY Jiang, HX Paduano, QS Weyburne, D AF Pantha, B. N. Dahal, R. Nakarmi, M. L. Nepal, N. Li, J. Lin, J. Y. Jiang, H. X. Paduano, Q. S. Weyburne, David TI Correlation between optoelectronic and structural properties and epilayer thickness of AIN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; GAN FILMS; ALN AB AlN epilayers were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the threading dislocation (TD) density, in particular, the edge TD density, decreases considerably with increasing the epilayer thickness. Photoluminescence results showed that the intensity ratio of the band edge emission to the defect related emission increases linearly with increasing the epilayer thickness. Moreover, the dark current of the fabricated AlN metal-semiconductor-metal deep ultraviolet (DUV) photodetectors decreases drastically with the AlN epilayer thickness. The results suggested that one effective way for attaining DUV optoelectronic devices with improved performance is to increase the thickness of the AlN epilayer template, which results in the reduction of the TD density. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lin, JY (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jylin@phys.ksu.edu; jiang@phys.ksu.edu RI Dahal, Rajendra/D-1319-2011; Lin, Jingyu/A-7276-2011; Jiang, Hongxing/F-3635-2011; Li, Jing/B-7828-2015 OI Lin, Jingyu/0000-0003-1705-2635; Jiang, Hongxing/0000-0001-9892-4292; Li, Jing/0000-0003-2880-7933 NR 16 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 24 AR 241101 DI 10.1063/1.2747662 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QR UT WOS:000247305400001 ER PT J AU Ratliff, BM Tyo, JS Boger, JK Black, WT Bowers, DL Fetrow, MP AF Ratliff, Bradley M. Tyo, J. Scott Boger, James K. Black, Wiley T. Bowers, David L. Fetrow, Matthew P. TI Dead pixel replacement in LWIR microgrid polarimeters SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION; VISION AB LWIR imaging arrays are often affected by nonresponsive pixels, or "dead pixels." These dead pixels can severely degrade the quality of imagery and often have to be replaced before subsequent image processing and display of the imagery data. For LWIR arrays that are integrated with arrays of micropolarizers, the problem of dead pixels is amplified. Conventional dead pixel replacement (DPR) strategies cannot be employed since neighboring pixels are of different polarizations. In this paper we present two DPR schemes. The first is a modified nearest-neighbor replacement method. The second is a method based on redundancy in the polarization measurements. We find that the redundancy-based DPR scheme provides an order-of-magnitude better performance for typical LWIR polarimetric data. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Tyo, JS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tyo@ieee.org NR 17 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 12 BP 7596 EP 7609 DI 10.1364/OE.15.007596 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 194QU UT WOS:000248359700060 PM 19547086 ER PT J AU Xin, YC Li, Y Kovanis, V Gray, AL Zhang, L Lester, LF AF Xin, Y.-C. Li, Y. Kovanis, Vassilios Gray, A. L. Zhang, L. Lester, L. F. TI Reconfigurable quantum dot monolithic multi-section passive mode-locked lasers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SHORT PULSE GENERATION; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; DIODE-LASERS; MU-M; PARAMETER RANGES; LOCKING; ABSORPTION; WELL AB We investigate the dynamical response of a quantum dot photonic integrated circuit formed with a combination of eleven passive and active gain cells operating when these cells are appropriately biased as a multi-section quantum dot passively mode-locked laser. When the absorber section is judiciously positioned in the laser cavity then fundamental frequency and harmonic mode-locking at repetition rates from 7.2GHz to 51GHz are recorded. These carefully engineered multi-section configurations that include a passive wave-guide section significantly lower the pulse width up to 34% from 9.7 to 6.4 picoseconds, as well increase by 49% the peak pulsed power from 150 to 224 mW, in comparison to conventional two-section configurations that are formed on the identical device under the same average power. In addition an ultra broad operation range with pulse width below ten picoseconds is obtained with the 3(rd)-harmonic mode-locking configuration. A record peak power of 234 mW for quantum dot mode-locked lasers operating over 40 GHz is reported for the first time. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. AFRL, SNDP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Zia Laser Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Xin, YC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM ycxin@chtm.unm.edu RI Li, Yan/A-9909-2011 NR 32 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 11 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 12 BP 7623 EP 7633 DI 10.1364/OE.15.007623 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 194QU UT WOS:000248359700063 PM 19547089 ER PT J AU Binford, JL Duncan, BD Parker, JH Beecher, EA DeLong, ML AF Binford, Joseph L., III Duncan, Bradley D. Parker, Jack H., Jr. Beecher, Elizabeth A. DeLong, Mark L. TI Imaging diffractometer with holographic encoding enhancements for laser sensing and characterization SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGY AB What is believed to be a novel holographic optical encoding scheme has been developed to enhance the performance of laser sensors designed for the measurement of wavelength and angular trajectory. A prototype holographic imaging diffractometer has been created to reconstruct holographic cueing patterns superimposed in the focal plane of wide-angle scene imagery. Based on experimental pattern metric measurements at the focal plane, a theoretical model is used to compute the laser source wavelength and its apparent propagation direction within the sensor's field of view. The benefits of incorporating holographic enhancements within an imager-based sensor architecture are discussed. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Gen Dynam Adv Informat Syst, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Duncan, BD (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM brad@udayton.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 17 BP 3518 EP 3527 DI 10.1364/AO.46.003518 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 174QY UT WOS:000246958800017 PM 17514312 ER PT J AU Bezinger, A Liu, HC Aslan, B Buchanan, M Springthorpe, AJ Poole, PJ Cardimona, DA Brown, GJ AF Bezinger, A. Liu, H. C. Aslan, B. Buchanan, M. Springthorpe, A. J. Poole, P. J. Cardimona, D. A. Brown, G. J. TI Dual spectral InGaAs/InP quantum-well infrared photodetector focal plane array SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH RESPONSIVITY AB The realisation of an InGaAs/InP quantum-well infrared photodetector focal plane array imaging device is reported. The long-wave infrared response is based on the intersubband transition (intraband) in the quantum wells. In addition, a near infrared (interband) response is demonstrated. This work shows the potential of the InGaAs/InP materials system for multi-spectral imaging applications. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liu, HC (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM h.c.liu@nrc.ca NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN 7 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 12 BP 685 EP 686 DI 10.1049/el:20070966 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 216YH UT WOS:000249914400021 ER PT J AU Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC McHarg, MG Kanmae, T Sentman, DD AF Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. McHarg, M. G. Kanmae, T. Sentman, D. D. TI Observed emission rates in sprite streamer heads SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Sprite observations at 10,000 fps have shown tendrils and branches to be formed by bright streamer heads moving at similar to 10(7) m/s. The streamer heads typically brighten as they move up or down, often saturating the detector. We present here inferred emission rates. The streamer heads are presumably smaller than our 140 m spatial resolution and, therefore, they have to be treated as point sources. The optical emissions are assumed to be dominated by the N-2 1P band and comparing with stars in the images we find total emission rates in individual streamer heads ranging from 4 10(21) to 3 10(24) photons/ s. For a 25 m streamer head the range of average brightness would be 9 10(8) - 5 10(11) R. Alternatively, using a volume emission rate of 8 10 11 photons/ cm(3)/ s the size range would be 10 to 100 m. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM hnielsen@gi.alaska.edu OI Kanmae, Takeshi/0000-0001-9893-9718 NR 17 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 11 AR L11105 DI 10.1029/2007GL029881 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 177FU UT WOS:000247139800003 ER PT J AU Kaurah, P MacMillan, A Boyd, N Senz, J De Luca, A Chun, N Suriano, G Zaor, S Van Manen, L Gilpin, C Nikkel, S Connolly-Wilson, M Weissman, S Rubinstein, WS Sebold, C Greenstein, R Stroop, J Yim, D Panzini, B McKinnon, W Greenblatt, M Wirtzfeld, D Fontaine, D Coit, D Yoon, S Chung, D Lauwers, G Pizzuti, A Vaccaro, C Redal, MA Oliveira, C Tischkowitz, M Olschwang, S Gallinger, S Lynch, H Green, J Ford, J Pharoah, P Fernandez, B Huntsman, D AF Kaurah, Pardeep MacMillan, Andree Boyd, Niki Senz, Janine De Luca, Alessandro Chun, Nicki Suriano, Gianpaolo Zaor, Sonya Van Manen, Lori Gilpin, Cathy Nikkel, Sarah Connolly-Wilson, Mary Weissman, Scott Rubinstein, Wendy S. Sebold, Courtney Greenstein, Robert Stroop, Jennifer Yim, Dwight Panzini, Benoit McKinnon, Wendy Greenblatt, Marc Wirtzfeld, Debrah Fontaine, Daniel Coit, Daniel Yoon, Sam Chung, Daniel Lauwers, Gregory Pizzuti, Antonio Vaccaro, Carlos Redal, Maria Ana Oliveira, Carla Tischkowitz, Marc Olschwang, Sylviane Gallinger, Steven Lynch, Henry Green, Jane Ford, James Pharoah, Paul Fernandez, Bridget Huntsman, David TI Founder and recurrent CDH1 mutations in families with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID E-CADHERIN GENE; PROPHYLACTIC TOTAL GASTRECTOMY; GERMLINE MISSENSE MUTATIONS; BREAST-CANCER; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MESSENGER-RNA; CARCINOMA; PREDISPOSITION; NEWFOUNDLAND; MANAGEMENT AB Context Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is caused by germline mutations in the epithelial cadherin ( CDH1) gene and is characterized by an increased risk for diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. Objective To determine whether recurring germline CDH1 mutations occurred due to independent mutational events or common ancestry. Design, Setting, and Patients Thirty-eight families diagnosed clinically with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer were accrued between November 2004 and January 2006 and were analyzed for CDH1 mutations as part of an ongoing study at the British Columbia Cancer Agency. Twenty-six families had at least 2 gastric cancer cases with 1 case of diffuse gastric cancer in a person younger than 50 years; 12 families had either a single case of diffuse gastric cancer diagnosed in a person younger than 35 years or multiple cases of diffuse gastric cancer diagnosed in persons older than 50 years. Main Outcome Measures Classification of family members as carriers or noncarriers of CDH1 mutations. Haplotype analysis to assess recurring mutations for common ancestry was performed on 7 families from this study and 7 previously reported families with the same mutations. Results Thirteen mutations ( 6 novel) were identified in 15 of the 38 families ( 40% detection rate). The 1137G > A splicing mutation and the 1901C > T ( A634V) missense/splicing mutation occurred on common haplotypes in 2 families but on different haplotypes in a third family. The 2195G > A ( R732Q) missense/splicing mutation occurred in 2 families on different haplotypes. The 2064-2065delTG mutation occurred on a common haplotype in 2 families. Two families from this study plus 2 additional families carrying the novel 2398delC mutation shared a common haplotype, suggesting a founder effect. All 4 families originate from the southeast coast of Newfoundland. Due to concentrations of lobular breast cancer cases, 2 branches of this family had been diagnosed as having hereditary breast cancer and were tested for BRCA mutations. Within these 4 families, the cumulative risk by age 75 years in mutation carriers for clinically detected gastric cancer was 40% ( 95% confidence interval [ CI], 12%91%) for males and 63% ( 95% CI, 19%-99%) for females and the risk for breast cancer in female mutation carriers was 52% ( 95% CI, 29%-94%). Conclusions Recurrent CDH1 mutations in families with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer are due to both independent mutational events and common ancestry. The presence of a founder mutation from Newfoundland is strongly supported. C1 British Columbia Canc Agcy, Hereditary Canc Program, Ctr Translat & Appl Genom, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada. Hlth Sci Ctr, Prov Med Genet Program, St John, NF, Canada. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Canc Genet Program, Div Oncol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Porto, Inst Mol Pathol & Immunol, Fac Med, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish Hosp, Canc Prevent Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3T 1E2, Canada. Kingston Gen Hosp, Familial Oncol Program, Canc Ctr SE Ontario, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada. Childrens Hosp Eastern Ontario, Dept Genet, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada. Evanston NW Healthcare, Ctr Med Genet, Evanston, IL USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Pediat Subspecialty Clin, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Hereditary Canc Program, Div Med Genet, Farmington, CT USA. Kaiser Permanente, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI USA. CHUM Hotel Dieu, Clin Canc Hereditaires, Montreal, PQ, Canada. CHUM Hop Notre Dame, Serv Gastroenterol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Familial Canc Program, Burlington, VT USA. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Div Surg, St John, NF, Canada. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Div Clin Genet, St John, NF, Canada. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Anat Pathol, St John, NF, Canada. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Discipline Genet, Fac Med, St John, NF, Canada. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Gastric & Mixed Tumor Serv, Dept Surg, New York, NY 10021 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Gastroenterol Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Canc, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Gastrointestinal Pathol Serv, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. IRCCS, CCS Hosp, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy. CSS Mendel Inst, Rome, Italy. Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Serv Gen Surg, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Inst Ciencias Basicas & Med Expt, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. McGill Univ, Program Canc Genet, Montreal, PQ, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Oncol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Human Genet, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Inst J Paoli I Calmettes, INSERM, U599, F-13009 Marseille, France. Univ Toronto, Hepatobiliary & Pancreat Surg Grp, Div Gen Surg, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Creighton Univ, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Oncol, Cambridge, England. RP Huntsman, D (reprint author), British Columbia Canc Agcy, Hereditary Canc Program, Ctr Translat & Appl Genom, 600 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada. EM dhuntsma@bccancer.bc.ca RI Gallinger, Steven/E-4575-2013; Olschwang, Sylviane/G-2716-2013; Oliveira, Carla/F-8188-2011; OI Oliveira, Carla/0000-0001-8340-2264; Vaccaro, Carlos/0000-0002-1299-5864 FU NCI NIH HHS [5UO1 CA86389] NR 56 TC 178 Z9 182 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 6 PY 2007 VL 297 IS 21 BP 2360 EP 2372 DI 10.1001/jama.297.21.2360 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 175IL UT WOS:000247007200018 PM 17545690 ER PT J AU Hood, A Delaunay, PY Hoffman, D Nguyen, BM Wei, YJ Razeghi, M Nathan, V AF Hood, Andrew Delaunay, Pierre-Yves Hoffman, Darin Nguyen, Binh-Minh Wei, Yajun Razeghi, Manijeh Nathan, Vaidya TI Near bulk-limited R(0)A of long-wavelength infrared type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes with polyimide surface passivation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INP AB Effective surface passivation of type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes with cutoff wavelengths in the long-wavelength infrared is presented. A stable passivation layer, the electrical properties of which do not change as a function of the ambient environment nor time, has been prepared by a solvent-based surface preparation, vacuum desorption, and the application of an insulating polyimide layer. Passivated photodiodes, with dimensions ranging from 400x400 to 25x25 mu m(2), with a cutoff wavelength of similar to 11 mu m, exhibited near bulk-limited R(0)A values of similar to 12 Omega cm(2), surface resistivities in excess of 10(4) Omega cm, and very uniform current-voltage behavior at 77 K. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@ece.northwestern.edu RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009; Nguyen, Binh-Minh/B-6411-2011 NR 15 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 4 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 23 AR 233513 DI 10.1063/1.2747172 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 177HZ UT WOS:000247145500090 ER PT J AU Nesterov, VN Sarkisov, SS Curley, MJ Urbas, A AF Nesterov, Vladimir N. Sarkisov, Sergey S. Curley, Michael J. Urbas, Augustine TI 3,5-Bis[4-(dimethylamino) benzylidene]-1-propyl-4-piperidone: a prospective biophotonic material SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB In the title compound, C26H33N3O, the central heterocyclic ring exhibits a flattened boat conformation, with the N and the opposite C atom displaced from the plane of the other four C atoms. The dihedral angles between the planar part of the heterocycle and the two almost flat fragments which include the benzene rings and attached C atoms are 17.1 (1) and 14.8 (1)degrees. This conformation helps promote conjugation in the molecule. Bond-length distributions in the pi-conjugated bridges and p-dimethylaminophenyl fragments show an alternation of single C-C and double C C bond lengths. In the crystal structure, weak C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into ribbons along the b axis. C1 New Mexico Highlands State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. SSS Opt Technol, LLC, Huntsville, AL 35816 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nesterov, VN (reprint author), New Mexico Highlands State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. EM vnesterov@nmhu.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD JUN PY 2007 VL 63 BP O3043 EP U3474 DI 10.1107/S1600536807024385 PN 6 PG 13 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 191GD UT WOS:000248118400369 ER PT J AU Russell, JD AF Russell, John D. TI Composites affordability initiative SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Russell, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 165 IS 6 BP 29 EP 32 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 179QA UT WOS:000247303600003 ER PT J AU Christ, JA Abriola, LM AF Christ, John A. Abriola, Linda M. TI Modeling metabolic reductive dechlorination in dense non-aqueous phase liquid source-zones SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE PCE; NAPL; enhanced dissolution; modeling; dechlorination ID NAPL-POOL DISSOLUTION; MASS-TRANSFER RATES; BACHMAN ROAD SITE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CHLORINATED ETHENES; VINYL-CHLORIDE; TETRACHLOROETHENE DNAPL; QUANTITATIVE-EVALUATION; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; CIS-DICHLOROETHENE AB Recent laboratory experimental evidence has suggested that bioremediation may be an attractive management strategy for dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source-zones. In particular, metabolic reductive dechlorination has been shown to reduce aqueous phase chlorinated ethene contaminant concentrations and enhance DNAPL dissolution, reducing source longevity. Transitioning this technology from the laboratory to the field will be facilitated by tools capable of simulating bioenhanced dissolution. This work presents a mathematical model for metabolic reductive dechlorination in a macroscale two-phase (aqueous-organic) environment. The model is implemented through adaptation of an existing multi-phase compositional simulator, which has been modified to incorporate eight chemical components and four microbial populations: a fermentative population, two dechlorinating populations, and a competitor population (e.g., methanogens). Monod kinetics, modified to incorporate electron donor thresholds, electron acceptor competition, and competitor inhibition, are used to simulate microbial growth and component degradation. The developed model is numerically verified and demonstrated through comparisons with published column-scale dechlorination data. Dechlorination kinetics, electron donor concentrations, and DNAPL saturation and distribution are all found to affect the extent of dissolution enhancement, with enhancements ranging from 1.0 to similar to 1.9. Comparison of simulation results with those from a simplified analytic modeling approach suggest that the analytical model may tend to over-predict dissolution enhancement and fail to account for the transient nature of dissolution enhancement, leading to significant (70%) under-prediction of source longevity. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Abriola, LM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Coll Ave,105 Anderson Hall, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM Linda.Abriola@tufts.edu RI Abriola, Linda/F-7624-2010 NR 79 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUN-JUL PY 2007 VL 30 IS 6-7 BP 1547 EP 1561 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.05.024 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 173WD UT WOS:000246902300011 ER PT J AU Morton, SA Cummings, RM Forsythe, JR Wurtzler, K AF Morton, S. A. Cummings, R. M. Forsythe, J. R. Wurtzler, K. TI High resolution computational unsteady aerodynamic techniques applied to manoeuvring UCAVs SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC STALL; AIRFOIL; PREDICTION AB A method of high resolution simulation is proposed for Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles (UCAVs) undergoing manoeuvress at high angle-of-attack or transonic speeds. Motivation for the need to develop such a method is first presented to show payoff in the design cycle, followed by results of using the method on current manned fighter aircraft. Finally, a notional UCAV shape from Boeing military aircraft is presented to show the possibilities of how the method can accurately capture the relevant phenomenon of these difficult flight regimes C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. LLC, Cobalt Solut, Springboro, OH USA. RP Morton, SA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1120 BP 397 EP 404 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 191XG UT WOS:000248164700006 ER PT J AU Lindsey, MF McMullan, RJ Gaitonde, DV Camberos, JA AF Lindsey, Martin F. McMullan, Richard J. Gaitonde, Datta. V. Camberos, Jose A. TI Computational study of magnetogasdynamic inlet flow control on a flight-scale scramjet SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 44th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 09-12, 2006 CL Reno, NV SP AIAA ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC CONTROL AB Results of computational work demonstrating magnetogasdynamic flow control within the internal inlet of a full-scale, Mach 10 scramjet engine simulation are presented. As part of the analysis, a control volume approach with an electron beam ionization model is presented for the first time in the context of the established computational method used. We conclude that applying magnetogasdynamic interaction entirely upstream of a expansion-induced flow separation zone was not effective at improving the inlet efficiency. For most parameters tested, any pressure gains incurred in the region of electromagnetic interaction were all but negated by an additional sidewall expansion at the inlet throat. Magnetogasdynamic acceleration can efficiently reduce the net inlet drag in some cases while minimizing the increase in heat transfer and decrease in overall efficiency measures. Finally, placement of the electromagnetic interaction region near the wall was the most important factor in determining the wall heat transfer and proved to be a relatively efficient method for limiting drag increases. However, further work is recommended to determine the optimum distance from the wall to target the electron beam ionization. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab,Prop Sci Branch, Prop Directorate,Aerosp Prop Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lindsey, MF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab,Prop Sci Branch, Prop Directorate,Aerosp Prop Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1258 EP 1269 DI 10.2514/1.24185 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 175CK UT WOS:000246990000011 ER PT J AU Walker, CW AF Walker, Christopher W. TI Fecal occult blood tests reduce colorectal cancer mortality SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article C1 USAF, MC, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Walker, CW (reprint author), USAF, MC, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1652 EP 1653 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 176LQ UT WOS:000247087000006 PM 17575654 ER PT J AU Clark, BM Agan, BK AF Clark, Brychan M. Agan, Brian K. TI New-onset seizures SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Clark, BM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM brychan.clark@amedd.army.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 BP 1705 EP 1706 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 176LQ UT WOS:000247087000015 PM 17575664 ER PT J AU Campman, SC Luzi, SA AF Campman, Steven C. Luzi, Scott A. TI The sensitivity and specificity of control surface injuries in aircraft accident fatalities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE control surface injuries; pilot; passenger ID FRACTURES AB Among the important determinations that aircraft crash investigators try to make is which occupant of an aircraft was attempting to control the aircraft at the time of the crash. The presence or absence of certain injuries of the extremities is used to help make this determination. These "control surface injuries" reportedly occur when crash forces are applied to a pilot's hands and feet through the aircraft's controls. We sought to clarify the significance of these injuries and the frequency with which their presence indicates that the decedent was the person that might have been trying to control the aircraft, questions that are frequently asked of the examining pathologist. We studied sequential fatalities of airplane and helicopter crashes in which autopsies were performed by the Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, excluding those that were known to have been incapacitated before the crash and those that were known to have attempted to escape from the aircraft, collecting 100 "qualified" crash decedents. The incidence of control surface injuries was determined for both pilots and passengers. The sensitivity and specificity of control surface injuries were calculated by classifying the decedents into a 4-cell diagnostic matrix. The positive and negative predictive values for control surface injuries were also calculated. Injuries that met the published definitions of control surface injuries had high incidences in passengers, as well as pilots, giving the term control surface injury a diagnostically unacceptable sensitivity and specificity for indicating "a pilot attempting to control an aircraft." We offer caveats and refinements to the definition of these injuries that help to increase the sensitivity and specificity of this term. C1 USAF, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Inst Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Med Examiners, San Diego, CA USA. RP Luzi, SA (reprint author), USAF, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Inst Pathol, 1413 Rws Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM luzis@afip.osd.mil NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 2 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1097/PAF.0b013e31805f67a7 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 173JF UT WOS:000246868600005 PM 17525559 ER PT J AU Sands, BL Welsh, MJ Kin, S Marhatta, R Hinkle, JD Bayram, SB AF Sands, B. L. Welsh, M. J. Kin, S. Marhatta, R. Hinkle, J. D. Bayram, S. B. TI Raman scattering spectroscopy of liquid nitrogen molecules: An advanced undergraduate physics laboratory experiment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER; TEMPERATURE; ULTRAVIOLET; GENERATION; MICROSCOPY; EMISSION; SPECTRUM; LIGHT; O-2; CH4 AB We describe a straightforward and highly visual experiment designed to demonstrate Raman scattering spectroscopy by measuring the vibrational energy spacing of nitrogen molecules in the liquid phase. Interpretation of the spectrum teaches the principles of elastic and inelastic light scattering and the intrinsic properties of molecules. The use of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with high peak power leads to a plethora of nonlinear optical phenomena. The presence of highly visible stimulated Raman scattering greatly enhances the normal Raman-shifted signal, allowing for a more engaging laboratory experience in comparison to traditional Raman scattering experiments. (C) 2007 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Phys, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Sands, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bayramsb@muohio.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 6 BP 488 EP 495 DI 10.1119/1.2721584 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 173KX UT WOS:000246873100004 ER PT J AU Bartz, RL Mossoni, K Tyber, J Tokish, J Gall, K Siparsky, PN AF Bartz, Reed L. Mossoni, Kory Tyber, Jeffrey Tokish, John Gall, Kenneth Siparsky, Patrick N. TI A biomechanical comparison of initial fixation strength of 3 different methods of anterior cruciate ligament soft tissue graft tibial fixation - Resistance to monotonic and cyclic loading SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE knee; tibial fixation; anterior cruciate ligament; bioabsorbable ID INTERFERENCE SCREW FIXATION; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; HAMSTRING TENDON GRAFT; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; INSERTION TORQUE; PORCINE TIBIA; RECONSTRUCTION; DEVICES; FORCE AB Background: Tibial fixation of soft tissue grafts continues to be problematic in the early postoperative period after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Hypothesis: No differences exist for resistance to slippage of soft tissue grafts fixed with CentraLoc, Intrafix, or 35-mm bioabsorbable interference screws. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Bovine tibia and hoof extensor tendons were divided into 3 matched groups with 12 tibia and 12 extensor tendons in each group. Within each group, 6 specimens underwent monotonic loading to failure (1 mm/s), and 6 underwent cyclic loading (10 000 cycles, 125-325 N, 1 Hz). Results: No statistically significant differences were noted in mean load to failure or stiffness. The mean load to failure (and stiffness) for the 3 types of fixation were as follows: bioabsorbable interference screw, 631.6 +/- 130.1 N (88.17 +/- 6.79 N/mm); Intrafix, 644.3 +/- 195.2 N (81.65 +/- 16.5 N/mm); and CentraLoc, 791.1 +/- 72.7 N (77.89 +/- 7.07 N/mm). The slippage rates under cyclic loading for the 3 types of fixation were bioabsorbable interference screw, 0.336 +/- 0.074 mu m/cycle; Intrafix, 27.2 +/- 31.6 pm/cycle; and CentraLoc, 0.0355 +/- 0.0046 mu m/cycle. In this model, CentraLoc proved statistically superior in resistance to cyclic loading compared with the bioabsorbable interference screw (P <.05) and Intrafix (P <.0001). The bioabsorbable interference screw proved statistically superior to Intrafix in resistance to cyclic loading (P <.05). Conclusions: In this bovine model, CentraLoc and bioabsorbable interference screws provided superior resistance to cyclic loading compared with Intrafix. Clinical Relevance: CentraLoc and bioabsorbable interference screws showed superior resistance to cyclic loading, which may indicate an increased resistance to clinical failure. C1 Nebraska Orthopaed & Sports Med, Lincoln, NE 68510 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bartz, RL (reprint author), Nebraska Orthopaed & Sports Med, PC St Elizabeth Med Plaza,575 S 70th St,Suite 200, Lincoln, NE 68510 USA. EM rbartz@nebraskaortho.com NR 19 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 6 BP 949 EP 954 DI 10.1177/0363546507301881 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 172KA UT WOS:000246802000012 PM 17435059 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Summers, S AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Summers, Shane TI Brugada electrocardiographic pattern induced by cocaine toxicity SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 6 BP 827 EP 829 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.01.027 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 173VO UT WOS:000246900800025 PM 17512876 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Elting, LS Learn, PA Raut, CP Mansfield, PF AF Smith, David L. Elting, Linda S. Learn, Peter A. Raut, Chandrajit P. Mansfield, Paul F. TI Factors influencing the volume-outcome relationship in gastrectomies: A population-based study SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gastrectomies; volume-outcome; population based; nursing staffing ID HOSPITAL VOLUME; OPERATIVE MORTALITY; ADMINISTRATIVE DATA; SURGICAL-PROCEDURES; GASTRIC-CANCER; CAROTID-ENDARTERECTOMY; PATIENT MORTALITY; SURGEON VOLUME; UNITED-STATES; CARE AB Background: A relationship between hospital procedural volume and patient outcomes has been observed in gastrectomies for primary gastric cancer, but modifiable factors influencing this relationship are not well elaborated. Methods: We performed a,L population-based study of 1864 patients undergoing gastrectomy for primary gastric cancers at 214 hospitals. Hospitals were stratified as high-, intermediate-, or low-volume centers. Multivariate models were constructed to evaluate the effect of institutional procedural volume and other hospital- and patient-specific factors on the risk of in-hospital mortality, adverse events, and failure to rescue, defined as mortality after an adverse event. Results: High-volume centers attained an in-hospital mortality rate of 1.0% and failure-to-rescue rate of .7%, both less than one-fifth of that seen at intermediate- and low-volume centers, although adverse event rates were similar across the three volume tiers. In multivariate modeling, treatment at a high-volume hospital decreased the odds of mortality (odds ratio [OR], .22; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], .05-89), whereas treatment at an institution with a high ratio of licensed vocational nurses per bed increased the odds of mortality (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.04-3.75). Being treated at a hospital with a greater than median number of critical care beds decreased odds of mortality (OR, .46; 95% CI, .25-81) and failure to rescue (OR, .53; 95% CI, .29-97). Conclusions: Undergoing gastrectomy at a high-volume center is associated with lower in-hospital mortality. However, improving the rates of mortality after adverse events and reevaluating nurse staffing ratios may provide avenues by which lower-volume centers can improve mortality rates. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Surg Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Mansfield, PF (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Surg Oncol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Box 447, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM pmansfie@mdanderson.org NR 34 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1846 EP 1852 DI 10.1245/s10434-007-9381-0 PG 7 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 181XS UT WOS:000247470300010 PM 17406947 ER PT J AU Shumelyuk, A Odoulov, S Oleynik, O Brost, G Grabar, A AF Shumelyuk, A. Odoulov, S. Oleynik, O. Brost, G. Grabar, A. TI Spectral sensitivity of nominally undoped photorefractive Sn2P2S6 SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TIN HYPOTHIODIPHOSPHATE; PHASE-CONJUGATION; CRYSTALS AB Nominally undoped tin hypothiodiphosphate is shown to possess photorefractive sensitivity from its band edge in the visible region of the spectrum up to 1.3 mu m in the near infrared. The gain factor decreases with the increasing wavelength while the characteristic rate of photorefractive build-up roughly follows the spectral dependence of photoconductivity. C1 Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. Natl OO Bogomoletz Med Univ, UA-01004 Kiev, Ukraine. SNRD, Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. Uzhgorod State Univ, Inst Solid State Phys & Chem, UA-88000 Uzhgorod, Ukraine. RP Odoulov, S (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Nauky Av 46, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. EM Odoulov@iop.kiev.ua OI Grabar, Alexander/0000-0002-2551-7036 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s00340-007-2613-y PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 179RD UT WOS:000247306900014 ER PT J AU Chai, N Kulatilaka, WD Naik, SV Laurendeau, NM Lucht, RP Kuehner, JP Roy, S Katta, VR Gord, JR AF Chai, N. Kulatilaka, W. D. Naik, S. V. Laurendeau, N. M. Lucht, R. P. Kuehner, J. P. Roy, S. Katta, V. R. Gord, J. R. TI Nitric oxide concentration measurements in atmospheric pressure flames using electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS; LIF MEASUREMENTS; DIESEL-ENGINE; SPECTROSCOPY; CARS; NO; STRATEGIES; EXCITATION; HYDROGEN; OH AB We report the application of electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ERE-CARS) for measurements of nitric oxide concentration ([NO]) in three different atmospheric pressure flames. Visible pump (532 nm) and Stokes (591 nm) beams are used to probe the Q-branch of the Raman transition. A significant resonance enhancement is obtained by tuning an ultraviolet probe beam (236 nm) into resonance with specific rotational transitions in the (v'=0, v"=1) vibrational band of the A(2)Sigma(+)-X-2 Pi electronic system of NO. ERE-CARS spectra are recorded at various heights within a hydrogen-air flame producing relatively low concentrations of NO over a Hencken burner. Good agreement is obtained between NO ERE-CARS measurements and the results of flame computations using UNICORN, a two-dimensional flame code. Excellent agreement between measured and calculated NO spectra is also obtained when using a modified version of the Sandia CARSFT code for heavily sooting acetylene-air flames (phi=0.8 to phi=1.6) on the same Hencken burner. Finally, NO concentration profiles are measured using ERE-CARS in a laminar, counter-flow, non-premixed hydrogen-air flame. Spectral scans are recorded by probing the Q(1) (9.5), Q(1) (13.5) and Q(1) (17.5) Raman transitions. The measured shape of the [NO] profile is in good agreement with that predicted using the OPPDIF code, even without correcting for collisional effects. These comparisons between [NO] measurements and predictions establish the utility of ERE-CARS for detection of NO in flames with large temperature and concentration gradients as well as in sooting environments. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, SV (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM naiks@ecn.purdue.edu RI Chai, Ning/I-1029-2012 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 88 IS 1 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s00340-007-2647-1 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 179RD UT WOS:000247306900025 ER PT J AU Chai, N Naik, SV Kulatilaka, WD Laurendeau, NM Lucht, RP Roy, S Gord, JR AF Chai, N. Naik, S. V. Kulatilaka, W. D. Laurendeau, N. M. Lucht, R. P. Roy, S. Gord, J. R. TI Detection of acetylene by electronic resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; CARS; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; FLAMES; VAPOR; BENZENE; SOOT; NO2 AB We report the detection of acetylene (C2H2) at low concentrations by electronic resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ERE-CARS). Visible pump and Stokes beams are tuned into resonance with Q-branch transitions in the v(2) Raman band of acetylene. An ultraviolet probe beam is tuned into resonance with the (A) over tilde-(X) over tilde electronic transition of C2H2, resulting in significant electronic resonance enhancement of the CARS signal. The signal is found to increase significantly with rising pressure for the pressure range 0.1-8 bar at 300 K. Collisional narrowing of the spectra appears to be important at 2 bar and above. A detection limit of approximately 25 ppm at 300 K and 1 bar is achieved for our experimental conditions. The signal magnitudes and the shape of the C2H2 spectrum are essentially constant for UV probe wavelengths from 233.0 to 238.5 nm, thus indicating that significant resonant enhancement is achieved even without tuning the probe beam into resonance with a specific electronic resonance transition. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lucht, RP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lucht@ecn.purdue.edu RI Chai, Ning/I-1029-2012 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 87 IS 4 BP 731 EP 737 DI 10.1007/s00340-007-2650-6 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 180RR UT WOS:000247383900024 ER PT J AU Gorla, RSR Byrd, LW Pratt, DM AF Gorla, Rama Subba Reddy Byrd, Larry W. Pratt, David M. TI Second law analysis for microscale flow and heat transfcr SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE capillary devices; exergy analysis; second law analysis; scaling laws ID FILM AB In phase change transport devices, capillary forces drive overall circulation of working fluid from an evaporator section to a condenser section, whereas the thin film flows at the evaporating meniscus are driven by capillary and disjoining pressure gradient. An analysis has been provided for the microscale fluid flow and heat transfer in an evaporating extended meniscus. Using the second law of thermodynamics, the entropy generated has been investigated. The geometric configuration that corresponds to the minimization of entropy generated and minimization of fluid flow resistance is identified. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cleveland State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Struct Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gorla, RSR (reprint author), Cleveland State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, 2121 Euclid Ave,SH 232, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. EM r.gorla@csuohio.edu NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 8-9 BP 1414 EP 1423 DI 10.1016/j.applethermaleng.2006.10.027 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 157MW UT WOS:000245725200022 ER PT J AU Wetterer, CJ McGraw, JT AF Wetterer, Charles J. McGraw, John T. TI Variable stars in the original CCD/Transit Instrument survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; stars : variables : other ID SKY VARIABILITY SURVEY; RR LYRAE STARS; CATALOG; DEEP AB The existing CCD/Transit Instrument ( CTI-I) survey database was searched for variable stars with 12 < V < 18.5. This magnitude range corresponds to the saturation limit and the practical faint limit of the original survey ( 1987-1992). The CTI-I imaged a strip of the sky with a narrow spread of declination over all right ascensions. The resulting survey area covers a large range of both Galactic latitude and longitude, and includes approximately 50 deg(2). Numerous challenges created by the automated photometry pipeline and associated solutions to these problems implemented during the variable suspect selection process are described. The final list contains 1807 stars. Details and the photometry of each are provided to facilitate selection for follow-up observations and subsequent analysis. Known variable stars listed in the General Catalog of Variable Stars are identified, and follow-up observations at the US Air Force Academy Observatory of selected brighter suspects ( V < 15) previously not identified as variable are also described. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Wetterer, CJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM charles.wetterer@usafa.af.mil; jmcgraw@as.unm.edu NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 6 BP 2883 EP 2891 DI 10.1086/518166 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 175BO UT WOS:000246987400038 ER PT J AU Southworth, J Bruntt, H Buzasi, DL AF Southworth, J. Bruntt, H. Buzasi, D. L. TI Eclipsing binaries observed with the WIRE satellite - II. beta Aurigae and non-linear limb darkening in light curves SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : fundamental parameters; stars : binaries : eclipsing; stars : binaries : spectroscopic; stars : distances; stars : evolution; stars : individual : beta Aurigae ID EARLY-TYPE STARS; LOW-MASS STARS; ABSOLUTE DIMENSIONS; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; STELLAR MODELS; OPEN CLUSTERS; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; PHOTOMETRIC ELEMENTS; RADIAL-VELOCITIES AB Aims. We present the most precise light curve ever obtained of a detached eclipsing binary star and use it investigate the inclusion of non-linear limb darkening laws in light curve models of eclipsing binaries. This light curve, of the bright eclipsing system beta Aurigae, was obtained using the star tracker aboard the wire satellite and contains 30 000 datapoints with a point-to-point scatter of 0.3 mmag. Methods. We analyse the wire light curve using a version of the EBOP code modified to include non-linear limb darkening laws and to directly incorporate observed times of minimum light and spectroscopic light ratios into the photometric solution as individual observations. We also analyse the dataset with the Wilson-Devinney code to ensure that the two models give consistent results. Results. EBOP is able to provide an excellent fit to the high-precision wire data. Whilst the fractional radii of the stars are only defined to a precision of 5% by this light curve, including an accurate published spectroscopic light ratio improves this dramatically to 0.5%. Using non-linear limb darkening improves the quality of the fit significantly compared to the linear law and causes the measured radii to increase by 0.4%. It is possible to derive all of the limb darkening coefficients from the light curve, although they are strongly correlated with each other. The fitted coefficients agree with theoretical predictions to within their fairly large error estimates. We were able to obtain a reasonably good fit to the data using the Wilson-Devinney code, but only using the highest available integration accuracy and by iterating for a long time. Bolometric albedos of 0.6 were found, which are appropriate to convective rather than radiative envelopes. Conclusions. The radii and masses of the components of beta Aur are R-A = 2.762 +/- 0.017 R-circle dot, R-B = 2.568 +/- 0.017 R-circle dot, M-A = 2.376 +/- 0.027 M-circle dot and M-B = 2.291 +/- 0.027 M-circle dot, where A and B denote the primary and secondary star, respectively. Theoretical stellar evolutionary models can match these parameters for a solarmetal abundance and an age of 450-500 Myr. The Hipparcos trigonometric parallax and an interferometrically-derived orbital parallax give distances to beta Aur which are in excellent agreement with each other and with distances derived using surface brightness relations and several sets of empirical and theoretical bolometric corrections. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys A28, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Southworth, J (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM jkt@astro.keele.ac.uk; bruntt@physics.usyd.edu.au; Derek.Buzasi@usafa.af.mil NR 93 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 467 IS 3 BP 1215 EP 1226 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077184 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 169RV UT WOS:000246610300033 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW AF Cliver, E. W. TI Agnes Mary Clerke: Real-time historian of astronomy SO ASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Agnes Mary Clerke chronicled the turbulent Leading edge of astronomical research. Her authoritative accounts and assessments of solar and stellar science captured the attention of the leading astronomers of her day and are essential sources for historians today. Here I briefly recount the details of her life and achievements, drawing attention especially to the precise and enjoyable quality of her writing. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-8781 J9 ASTRON GEOPHYS JI Astron. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 181GY UT WOS:000247426400025 ER PT J AU Svalgaard, L Cliver, EW AF Svalgaard, L. Cliver, E. W. TI A floor in the solar wind magnetic field SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; solar wind; Sun : magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; SUNSPOT NUMBER; SUN; INTERPLANETARY; HELIOSPHERE; CYCLE; FLUX; STRENGTH AB Long-term (similar to 130 years) reconstruction of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) based on geomagnetic indices indicates that the solar wind magnetic field strength has a "floor," a baseline value in annual averages that it approaches at each 11 yr solar minimum. In the ecliptic plane at 1 AU, the IMF floor is similar to 4.6 nT, a value substantiated by direct solar wind measurements and cosmogenic nuclei data. At high heliolatitudes, Ulysses measured a constant radial field with a magnitude (normalized to 1 AU) of similar to 3.2 nT during solar minimum conditions in similar to 1995 when the observed solar polar fields were similar to 100 mu T and in 2006 when the polar fields were similar to 60 mu T, as well as for solar maximum conditions in 2001 when the polar fields were close to zero. We identify the floor with a constant (over centuries) baseline open magnetic flux at 1 AU of similar to 4 x 10(14) Wb, corresponding to a constant strength (similar to 10(11) A) of the heliospheric current. Solar cycle variations of the IMF strength ride on top of the floor. The floor has implications for (1) the solar wind during grand minima - we are given a glimpse of Maunder minimum conditions at every 11 yr minimum; (2) current models of the solar wind - both source surface and MHD models are based on the assumption, invalidated by Ulysses, that the largest scale fields determine the magnitude of the IMF; consequently, these models are unable to reproduce the high-latitude observations; and (3) the use of geomagnetic input data for precursor- type predictions of the coming sunspot maximum - this common practice is rendered doubtful by the observed disconnect between solar polar field strength and heliospheric field strength. C1 Easy Tool Kit Inc, Houston, TX 77055 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Svalgaard, L (reprint author), Easy Tool Kit Inc, Houston, TX 77055 USA. NR 39 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 661 IS 2 BP L203 EP L206 DI 10.1086/518786 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174MY UT WOS:000246947600023 ER PT J AU Castilla, AM Dhondt, AA Diaz-Uriarte, R Westmoreland, D AF Castilla, Aurora M. Dhondt, Andre A. Diaz-Uriarte, Ramon Westmoreland, David TI Predation in Ground-Nesting Birds: an Experimental Study Using Natural Egg-Color Variation SO AVIAN CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE egg color variation; egg crypsis; landscape variation; natural selection; predation AB We tested the hypothesis that cryptically colored eggs would suffer less predation than conspicuous eggs in the ground-nesting red-legged partridge, Alectoris rufa. We used A. rufa as a model species because it has a wide range of natural egg colors, the eggs are widely available from breeding farms, and nests are easily mimicked because they are scrapes containing no vegetation. The study was conducted in the spring of 2001 in forest and fallow fields of central Spain in Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real. We used 384 clutches of natural eggs that were white, white spotted, brown, or brown spotted. Within clutches, eggs were consistent in color and size; among clutches, color differences were distributed across habitats. Clutches were checked once after 2 wk of exposure. Cryptic coloration had a survival advantage that was dependent on the local suite of predators. Rodent predation was nonselective with respect to clutch color; however, avian predation was significantly higher for conspicuous clutches. In addition, there was an interaction of landscape and egg color for avian predation. In forest landscapes, the clutches with highest survival were brown spotted, whereas in fallow landscapes, brown and brown spotted clutches had higher survival than white and white potted clutches. Thus, both the predator suite and the landscape had significant effects on the value of cryptic egg coloration. Our study is relevant for conservationists and managers in charge of restocking programs in hunting areas. The release of other partridge species or their hybrids could result in hybridization with wild partridges, potentially leading to nonoptimal clutch pigmentation and reduced survival of the native species. We therefore recommend that local authorities, managers, and conservationists be cautious with the use of alien species and hybrids and release only autochthonous species of partridges within their natural ranges. C1 [Castilla, Aurora M.] Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Dhondt, Andre A.] Cornell Univ, Ornithol Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Diaz-Uriarte, Ramon] Spanish Natl Canc Ctr, Bioinformat Unit, Madrid, Spain. [Westmoreland, David] US AF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Castilla, AM (reprint author), Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat Madrid, Madrid, Spain. RI Dhondt, Andre/A-8292-2008; Diaz-Uriarte, Ramon/M-5517-2013 OI Diaz-Uriarte, Ramon/0000-0002-6637-9039 FU Spanish National Science Foundation (CSIC, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia); Organismo Autonomo de Parques Nacionales (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente) FX We thank Enric Pastor (Forestal Silvicat S.L.), Jose Ma Figueras (Escuela de Capacitacion Agraria del Solsones) and Esther Perez for great help and assistance in the field; Carmen Lopez (Spanish National Parks Service), who prepared and measured the eggs; and Carlos Rodriguez, who facilitated permissions and assisted during the study. We thank the gamekeepers of Encomienda de Mudela (Julian, Esteban, and Ambrosio). Jesus us Herranz identified predator marks on the eggs. Dirk Bauwens and Juan Moreno provided us with literature, and D. Bauwens, Dr. Marc-Andre Villard, and Dr. Bertellotti commented on the manuscript. We very much thank the farms Agrocinegetica Altube S.A. and Quintos de Mora (Junta de Comunidades de Castilla La Mancha, Toledo) for providing a large number of partridge eggs. This paper is a contribution from the Biological Station of Sanauja, the National Science Museum of Madrid (CSIC). This work was conducted on a contract "Ramon and Cajal" to AMC from the Spanish National Science Foundation (CSIC, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia) and supported by the Organismo Autonomo de Parques Nacionales (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente). NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 16 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1712-6568 J9 AVIAN CONSERV ECOL JI Avian Conserv. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 AR 2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA V21GF UT WOS:000208195400002 ER PT J AU Bunning, ML Fox, PE Bowen, RA Komar, N Chang, GJJ Speaker, TJ Stephens, MR Nemeth, N Panella, NA Langevin, SA Gordy, P Teehee, M Bright, PR Turell, MJ AF Bunning, Michel L. Fox, Patricia E. Bowen, Richard A. Komar, Nicholas Chang, Gwong-Jen J. Speaker, Tully J. Stephens, Michael R. Nemeth, Nicole Panella, Nicholas A. Langevin, Stanley A. Gordy, Paul Teehee, Max Bright, Patricia R. Turell, Michael J. TI DNA vaccination of the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) provides partial protection against lethal challenge with West Nile virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; American crow; DNA vaccine; killed vaccine; oral vaccine ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BIRDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNIZATION; OSSIFRAGUS; STRAIN AB The New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus (WNV) is nearly 100% fatal in the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos). We evaluated four WNV vaccine formulations in American crows, including intramuscular (i.m.) DNA vaccine, i.m. DNA vaccine with adjuvant, orally administered microencapsulated DNA vaccine, and i.m. killed vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies developed in approximately 80% of crows that received the DNA vaccine i.m. (with or without adjuvant), and in 44% that received the killed vaccine. However, no crows that received the oral microencapsulated DNA vaccine or the placebo developed WNV antibodies. All crows were challenged 10 wk after initial vaccination. No unvaccinated crows survived challenge, and survival rates were 44% (i.m. DNA vaccine), 60% (i.m. DNA vaccine with adjuvant), 0% (oral microencapsulated DNA vaccine), and 11% (killed vaccine). Peak viremia titers in the birds that survived were significantly lower as compared to titers in birds that died. Parenteral administration of a WNV DNA vaccine was associated with reduced mortality but did nor provide sterile immunity. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Off Surgeon Gen, HQ AFMOA, SGPP, Washington, DC 20032 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Temple Univ, Sch Pharm, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. Amer Bird Conservancy, The Plains, VA 20198 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Nemeth, N (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, 3801 W Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM nnemeth@colostate.edu NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 51 IS 2 BP 573 EP 577 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[573:DVOTAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 176MF UT WOS:000247088700010 PM 17626486 ER PT J AU Tomczak, MM Slocik, JM Stone, MD Naik, RR AF Tomczak, M. M. Slocik, J. M. Stone, M. D. Naik, R. R. TI Bio-based approaches to inorganic material synthesis SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Cojnference on Bionanotechnology - From Self-Assembly to Cell Biology CY JAN 03-05, 2007 CL Homerton Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Homerton Coll DE bio-based approach; biomolecule; gold nanoparticle; inorganic material synthesis; poly(L-lysine); silica ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SILICA; BIOSILICA; PEPTIDES; PROTEIN AB Nature is an exquisite designer of inorganic materials using biomolecules as templates. Diatoms create intricate silica wall structures with fine features using the protein family of silaffins as templates. Marine sponges create silica spicules also using proteins, termed silicateins. In recent years, our group and others have used biomolecules as templates for the deposition of inorganic materials. In contrast with the traditional materials science approach, which requires high heat, extreme pH and non-aqueous solutions, the bio-based approaches allow the reactions to proceed usually at near ambient conditions. Additionally, the biological templates allow for the control of the inorganic nanoparticle morphology. The use of peptides and biomolecules for templating and assembling inorganics will be discussed here. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 21 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 BP 512 EP 515 PN 3 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 181OB UT WOS:000247444900021 PM 17511641 ER PT J AU Clement, NF Kendall, BS Olsen, P Witherell, S Landrum, K AF Clement, N. F. Kendall, B. S. Olsen, P. Witherell, S. Landrum, K. TI Stability of vitamin B-12 and folate in specimens exposed to fluorescent light over time SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 15-19, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 SU S MA A-163 BP A52 EP A52 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 172ZJ UT WOS:000246843000164 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA AF Schwertner, H. A. TI Comparison of cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios, cholesterol/bilirubin ratios, and cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol plus bilirubin ratios as predictors of coronary artery disease SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 15-19, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 53 IS 6 SU S MA A133 BP A42 EP A42 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 172ZJ UT WOS:000246843000134 ER PT J AU Sabelkin, V Mall, S Hansen, MA Vandawaker, RM Derriso, M AF Sabelkin, V. Mall, S. Hansen, M. A. Vandawaker, R. M. Derriso, M. TI Investigation into cracked aluminum plate repaired with bonded composite patch SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE cracked plate; bonded composite patch repair; aluminum alloy; finite element analysis; crack growth; residual strength ID METALLIC STRUCTURE; FASTENER HOLES; GROWTH; PANELS; COMPONENTS AB Several parameters/factors related to mechanical and fatigue behaviors of a cracked 7075-T6 aluminum panel repaired with one-sided adhesively bonded composite patch were studied by a combined experimental-analytical approach. These were strain distribution, out-of-plane deformation and residual strength along with crack growth behavior. The effects of cool-down temperature during patch bonding, disbond and bending moment were also investigated. Residual thermal stresses, developed during patch bonding, requires the knowledge of temperature at which adhesive becomes effective in creating a bond between the specimen and patch. This can be determined through the out-of-plane deformation of the repaired panel. A bending moment is developed upon application of axial load due to initial out-of-plane deformation of the repaired panel with one-sided bonded patch. This can be also determined from the out-of-plane deformation. Further, the bending moment and temperature change during patch curing have a relatively more effect on the out-of-plane deformation than on the in-plane strain of the repaired panel. The disbond does not affect the out-of-plane deformation and in-plane strain except in their vicinity. Crack length has a small effect upon the in-plane strain and out-of-plane deformation. The stress intensity factor varies along the thickness of the repaired panel; however, crack growth rate was primarily dominated by stress intensity factor near the bonded patch side of the thin repaired panel in the present study. The bonded patch repair of a cracked panel provides a considerable increase in the residual strength as well as fatigue life. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, ENY, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, ENY, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 40 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.11.028 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 162BA UT WOS:000246060100006 ER PT J AU Mehrman, JM Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Baek, SS AF Mehrman, J. M. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Baek, S. S. TI Influence of hold times on the elevated-temperature fatigue behavior of an oxide-oxide ceramic composite in air and in steam environment SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramic-matrix composites; oxides; fatigue; creep; mechanical properties ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER-VAPOR; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; STRESS-CORROSION; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; STATIC FATIGUE; GLASS; OXIDATION; FRACTURE AB The effect of hold times at maximum stress on fatigue behavior of an oxide-oxide ceramic composite was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air and in steam environments. The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers, has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. Tension-tension fatigue tests with a ratio R (minimum to maximum stress) of 0.05, and hold times of 10 and 100 s were performed for fatigue stresses of 125 and 154 MPa in laboratory air, and for fatigue stresses of 100 and 125 MPa in steam environment. Block loading tests incorporating periods of cyclic and sustained loading were carried out to assess the effects of loading history on material behavior and environmental durability. In laboratory air, lives produced in fatigue tests with hold times exceeded those produced in creep but were shorter than those obtained in fatigue. Prior fatigue resulted in an order of magnitude improvement in creep life. Prior creep had no effect on subsequent fatigue life. Presence of steam significantly degraded the material performance. In steam, lives produced in fatigue tests with hold times were close to those obtained in creep. Prior fatigue reduced the creep resistance, and prior creep degraded the subsequent fatigue life. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. A qualitative spectral analysis showed evidence of silicon species migration from fiber to matrix, especially in steam. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Agcy Def Dev, Taejon, South Korea. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 67 IS 7-8 BP 1425 EP 1438 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.09.005 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 164SA UT WOS:000246253200016 ER PT J AU Tibbetts, GG Lake, ML Strong, KL Rice, BP AF Tibbetts, Gary G. Lake, Max L. Strong, Karla L. Rice, Brian P. TI A review of the fabrication and properties of vapor-grown carbon nanofiber/polymer composites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE nanostructures; short-fibre composites; polymer-matrix composites; carbon fibres; carbon nanofiber composites ID IRON CATALYST PARTICLES; FIBER COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CONDUCTIVITY; PHASE; NANOTUBES; GAS AB Several varieties of vapor-grown carbon nanofiber with diameters under 200 nm and conically shaped graphene planes canted with respect to the longitudinal fiber axis are available. Because of the strong inter-fiber bonding, compounding these fibers with polymeric resins demands some care. Therefore, fabrication of nanofiber composites has led to variable and occasionally disappointing electrical conductivity and tensile strength. In the following paper we review the published data for vapor-grown carbon nanofiber (VGCNF) composites and show that the best results, achieved with satisfactory dispersion, are consistent with each other and with calculation. With careful preparation techniques, composite tensile strength and modulus of more than triple that of the neat resin can be achieved with 15 vol% fibers. Electrical conductivity can be achieved with less than 1/2 vol% fiber loading, while above 15 vol% loading resistivities near 0.1 Omega cm are possible. Excellent compressive strength and thermal conductivity can also be achieved. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Appl Sci Inc, Cedarville, OH 45314 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Tibbetts, GG (reprint author), Appl Sci Inc, Cedarville, OH 45314 USA. EM garytibbetts@sbcglobal.net NR 58 TC 310 Z9 314 U1 18 U2 178 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 67 IS 7-8 BP 1709 EP 1718 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.06.015 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 164SA UT WOS:000246253200042 ER PT J AU Sellmann, M Gellermann, T Wright, R AF Sellmann, Meinolf Gellermann, Thorsten Wright, Robert TI Cost-based filtering for shorter path constraints SO CONSTRAINTS LA English DT Article DE constrained shortest paths; problem reduction; global constraints; optimization constraints; relaxed consistency ID LAGRANGIAN-RELAXATION; COLUMN GENERATION; ALGORITHM; CONSISTENCY; TIME AB Many real world problems, e.g. personnel scheduling and transportation planning, can be modeled naturally as Constrained Shortest Path Problems (CSPPs), i.e., as Shortest Path Problems with additional constraints. A well studied problem in this class is the Resource Constrained Shortest Path Problem. Reduction techniques are vital ingredients of solvers for the CSPP, that is frequently NP-hard, depending on the nature of the additional constraints. Viewed as heuristics, these techniques have not been studied theoretically with respect to their efficiency, i.e., with respect to the relation of filtering power and running time. Using the concepts of Constraint Programming, we provide a theoretical study of cost-based filtering for shorter path constraints on acyclic, on undirected, and on directed graphs that do not contain negative cycles. We then show empirically how reasoning about path-substructures in combination with CP-based Lagrangian relaxation can help to improve significantly over previously developed problem-tailored filtering algorithms for the resource constrained shortest path problem and investigate the impact of required-edge detection, undirected versus directed filtering, and the choice of the algorithm optimizing the Lagrangian dual. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Paderborn, Dept Comp Sci, D-33102 Paderborn, Germany. USAF, Informat Directorate, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Sellmann, M (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 115 Waterman St, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM sello@cs.brown.edu; tgel@upb.de; Robert.Wright@rl.af.mil NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7133 J9 CONSTRAINTS JI Constraints PD JUN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 2 BP 207 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s10601-006-9006-4 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 168JM UT WOS:000246520900003 ER PT J AU Garcia, DB Grandt, AF Bartha, BB Golden, PJ AF Garcia, D. B. Grandt, A. F., Jr. Bartha, B. B. Golden, P. J. TI Threshold fatigue measurements and fractographic examination of fretting induced cracks in Ti-17 SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Ti-17; fretting; threshold; fractography; HCF ID SHOT-PEENED TI-6AL-4V; PROPAGATION; MECHANICS; STRESSES; BEHAVIOR AB Fretting damage is a common problem for titanium alloys used in turbomachinery equipment, particularly in the blade and disc contact regions. Under careful laboratory controlled conditions at Purdue University, the fretting process was recreated in specimens known as contact pads. Fretting in the contact pads is recognized for its highly localized damage, which results in the formation of cracks, minor propagation, and then crack arrest. This project studied the threshold behavior of fretting induced cracks in the titanium alloy Ti-17 with and without shot-peening surface enhancements. The approach utilized a unique C-specimen (created from the contact pads) for fatigue threshold experiments in addition to fractography to compare bare (untreated Ti-17) to shot peened Ti-17 contact pads with fretting induced damage. The results show that shot-peening does not mitigate fretting crack nucleation but does cause them to nucleate at steeper angles and arrest at depths less than the untreated specimens. Fracture surfaces are also presented to show the nature and physical characteristics of fretting damage in Ti-17. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garcia, DB (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM daniel.garcia@swri.org NR 22 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 EI 1873-1961 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 4 BP 529 EP 540 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2006.07.001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 136OQ UT WOS:000244234400001 ER PT J AU Barton, CP Horlbeck, D AF Barton, Chester P., III Horlbeck, Drew TI Eosinophilic granuloma: Bilateral temporal bone involvement SO ENT-EAR NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Eosinophilic granuloma is an uncommon condition that is characterized by unifocal or multifocal osteolytic lesions that often affect the skull. Unilateral lesions of the temporal bone are not uncommon, but bilateral temporal bone lesions are rare. In fact, to the best of our knowledge, fewer than 20 such cases have been reported during the past 40 years. We report a new case of bilateral temporal bone eosinophilic granuloma, and we review the disease process and its treatment. C1 USAF Acad Hosp, Dept Otolaryngol, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Barton, CP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Otolaryngol Serv, 10 MDOS SGOSL,4102 Pin Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM chester.barton@usafa.af.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU VENDOME GROUP LLC PI NEW YORK PA 149 FIFTH AVE, 10TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0145-5613 J9 ENT-EAR NOSE THROAT JI ENT-Ear Nose Throat J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 86 IS 6 BP 342 EP 343 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 182YU UT WOS:000247540700012 PM 17703812 ER PT J AU Moroney, JW Zahn, CM Heaton, RB Crothers, B Kendall, BS Elkas, JC AF Moroney, John W. Zahn, Christopher M. Heaton, Robert B. Crothers, Barbara Kendall, Brian S. Elkas, John C. TI Normal endometrial cells in liquid-based cervical cytology specimens in women aged 40 or older SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE normal endometrial cells; uterine cancer; endometrial hyperplasia; papanicolaou smear; liquid based cytology; Thin Prep ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; 2001 BETHESDA SYSTEM; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS; CERVICOVAGINAL SMEARS; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; ADENOCARCINOMA; CLASSIFICATION; PRECURSORS; CARCINOMA AB Objective. The 2001 Bethesda System consensus statement directs the reporting of endometrial cells on cervical cytologic preparations in women aged 40 years or older. Our objective was to assess the significance of endometrial cells on cervical liquid-based cytology (LBC) specimens in this population. Methods. The population included women aged 40 years or older in whom endometrial cells were identified in otherwise normal LBC specimens from December 2001 through June 2005, and who subsequently underwent endometrial sampling within a 12-month period. Patient age, menopausal status, hormonal use, the presence or absence of co-incident symptoms and endometrial sampling results were recorded. Results. Endometrial cells were identified on LBC specimens in 2494 women during the study period, for an incidence of 0.4%. Of these, 370 women underwent endometrial sampling within 12 months of the incident LBC preparation and met inclusion criteria. In asymptomatic premenopausal women, sampled solely due to the presence of endometrial cells, 2.1% were identified with significant endometrial pathology, compared to 2.6% of symptomatic premenopausal women. In menopausal women, only those with symptoms (mainly bleeding) had significant pathology on subsequent sampling (25%); none of the asymptomatic menopausal women were found to have hyperplasia or carcinoma. No significant differences were identified in premenopausal women according to the time of sampling during the menstrual cycle or use of oral contraceptives. Conclusion. Endometrial cells on LBC preparations, even in the absence of symptoms in premenopausal women aged 40 years or older, are associated with significant uterine pathology. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Houston, TX 77230 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. No Virginia Pelv Surg Associates, Annandale, VA USA. RP Moroney, JW (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Unit 1362,POB 310439, Houston, TX 77230 USA. EM jmoroney@mdanderson.org NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 105 IS 3 BP 672 EP 676 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.01.040 PG 5 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 172PG UT WOS:000246815700019 PM 17363044 ER PT J AU Altshuler, E Mailloux, B AF Altshuler, Ed Mailloux, Bob TI In memoriam: Walter Rotman, Antenna pioneer SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Altshuler, E (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Edward.Altshuler@hanscom.af.mil; Robert.Mailloux.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1045-9243 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 125 EP 125 DI 10.1109/MAP.2007.4293947 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 200NM UT WOS:000248770100010 ER PT J AU Nehorai, A Gini, F Sabrina, M Papandreou-Suppappola, A Rangaswamy, M AF Nehorai, Arye Gini, Fulvio Sabrina, Maria Papandreou-Suppappola, Antonia Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Introduction to the Issue on Adaptive Waveform Design for Agile Sensing and Communication SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gini, Fulvio; Sabrina, Maria] Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-56122 Pisa, Italy. [Papandreou-Suppappola, Antonia] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Nehorai, A (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM nehorai@ese.wustl.edu; f.gini@ing.unipi.it; m.greco@iet.unipi.it; papandreou@asu.edu; Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@hanscom.af.mil RI Nehorai, Arye/G-1661-2011; OI Greco, Maria/0000-0002-3804-2949 NR 0 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1932-4553 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2 EP 5 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2007.897065 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 437NR UT WOS:000265494700002 ER PT J AU Roberts, ML Temple, MA Raines, RA Mills, RF Oxley, ME AF Roberts, Marcus L. Temple, Michael A. Raines, Richard A. Mills, Robert F. Oxley, Mark E. TI Communication Waveform Design Using an Adaptive Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) Framework SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Wireless communication; multicarrier communication; software-defined radio (SDR); cognitive radio (CR); orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) ID MC-CDMA; SPREADING CODES; INTERFERENCE; PERSPECTIVE; CHANNEL AB Fourth-generation (4G) communication systems will likely support multiple capabilities while providing universal, high-speed access. One potential enabler for these capabilities is software-defined radio (SDR). When controlled by cognitive radio (CR) principles, the required waveform diversity is achieved through a synergistic union called CR-based SDR. This paper introduces a general framework for analyzing, characterizing, and implementing spectrally modulated, spectrally encoded (SMSE) signals within C R-based SDR architectures. Given orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one 4G candidate signal, OFDM-based signals are collectively classified as SMSE since data modulation and encoding are applied in the spectral domain. The proposed framework provides analytic commonality and unification of multiple SMSE signals. Framework applicability and flexibility is demonstrated for candidate 4G signals by: 1) showing that resultant analytic expressions are consistent with published results and 2) presenting representative modeling and simulation results to reinforce practical utility. C1 [Roberts, Marcus L.; Temple, Michael A.; Raines, Richard A.; Mills, Robert F.; Oxley, Mark E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roberts, ML (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Wright-Patterson AFB, OH FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Muralidhar Rangaswanly. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1932-4553 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2007.897061 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 437NR UT WOS:000265494700020 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Barnes, PN Amemiya, N AF Levin, G. A. Barnes, P. N. Amemiya, N. TI Low ac loss multifilament coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE AC loss; coated conductors; coupling loss ID LOSS REDUCTION; STRIATED YBCO AB We report the magnetization losses in an experimental multifilament coated conductor. A 4 mm wide and 10 cm long YBCO coated conductor was subdivided into eight 0.5 mm wide filaments by laser ablation and subjected to post-ablation treatment. As the result, the hysteresis loss was reduced, as expected, in proportion to the width of the filaments. However, the coupling losses were reduced dramatically, and became practically negligible, in the range of a sweep rate up to 20 T/s. This represents a drastic improvement on previous multifilament conductors in which often the coupling losses became equal to the hysteresis loss at a sweep rate as low as 3-4 T/s. These results demonstrate that there is an effective and practical way to suppress coupling losses in coated multifilament conductors. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM george.levin@wpafb.af.mil RI Amemiya, Naoyuki/G-2549-2012 OI Amemiya, Naoyuki/0000-0002-3000-864X NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3148 EP 3150 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899012 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900154 ER PT J AU Polak, M Kvitkovic, J Mozola, P Barnes, PN Levin, GA AF Polak, M. Kvitkovic, J. Mozola, P. Barnes, Paul N. Levin, George A. TI Characterization of individual filaments in a multifilamentary YBCO coated conductor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH CHANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE critical current; Hall probe; multifilament YBCO coated conductor ID REDUCTION AB Striation of wide YBCO coated conductor tapes is necessary to reduce the hysteresis losses. However, the processes used to striate the films may adversely affect the overall critical current of the tape not only by simple removal of superconducting material, but by introducing additional defects. We studied the transport properties of individual filaments of a filamentary YBCO tape on Hastelloy substrate striated by laser ablation. The tape consisted of 24 parallel filaments 0.5 mm wide, covered by thin Ag layer. I-V curves on 9 cm long filament sections as well as the changes of the critical current along the filament were measured at 77 K in magnetic fields up to 70 mT. 8 of 24 filaments were experimentally characterized by the mean value of the critical current and the associated n-value. The best filament had a critical current of similar to 7 A at 1 microvolt/cm and B = 0. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, SK-84239 Bratislava, Slovakia. USAF, Res Lab, WP AF Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polak, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84239 Bratislava, Slovakia. EM elekpola@savba.sk; elekkvit@savba.sk; elekpamo@savba.sk; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil; george.levin@wpatb.af.mil NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3163 EP 3166 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898266 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900158 ER PT J AU Kwon, C Young, JL James, RG Levin, GA Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF Kwon, C. Young, J. L. James, R. G. Levin, George A. Haugan, Timothy J. Barnes, Paul N. TI Local current transport and current sharing between filaments in striated coated conductors with artificial defects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE dissipation pattern; filamentary coated conductor; scanning laser microscopy ID LOSS REDUCTION; YBCO; FILMS AB Multifilamentary YBCO coated conductor with fishnet striation pattern is investigated by transport measurements and scanning laser microscopy (SLM). Each filament is clearly visible in SLM images, and higher current flows along the edges of filaments. After initial measurements, an incision is made to disable two filaments and to investigate the changes in the current transport, the current sharing, and the dissipation. patterns. Current sharing and redistribution are clearly observed among the filaments and at the weak links. We find that the dissipation is mainly caused by local current crowding. Since the current is to be shared among intact filaments, the most impacted area is the filaments closer to the disabled ones which have to carry higher current. The other susceptible area is the weak links where the current redistributes and the increased current density is expected. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kwon, C (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM ckwon@csulb.edu; jyoung4@csulb.edu; rjames@csulb.edu; george.levin@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil RI Kwon, Chuhee/A-8687-2008; OI JAMES, RYAN/0000-0003-2149-9085 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3191 EP 3194 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897914 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900165 ER PT J AU Varanasi, CV Nalladega, V Sathish, S Haugan, T Barnes, PN AF Varanasi, Chakrapani V. Nalladega, Vijay Sathish, S. Haugan, Timothy Barnes, Paul N. TI Use of ultrasonic force microscopy to image the interior nanoparticles in YBa2Cu3O7-X films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH CHANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE fluxpinning; nanoparticles; nondestructive testing; ultrasonic force microscopy; YBCO coated conductors ID ATOMIC-FORCE; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; YBCO AB Nanoparticles present in the interior of YBa2Cu3O7-x, (YBCO) films were successfully imaged for the first time by using an ultrasonic force microscope (UFM), which can also operate as a conventional atomic force microscope (AFM). Nanoparticles of Y2BaCuO5 and BaSnO3 were introduced into YBCO films using pulsed laser ablation to improve critical current density via enhanced flux pinning. The scanning speed and ultrasonic frequencies in the range of 300-500 kHz were optimized for each sample such that the nanometer sized particles on the surface as well as from the film interior can be imaged with good contrast and resolution. UFM and AFM scans taken of the same locations were compared to show the advantages of using UFM over AFM. We demonstrate that UFM can be used nondestructively to both characterize the interior nanoparticles introduced in YBCO films and provide high resolution images of the screw dislocation induced terraces present in the films. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varanasi, CV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM chakrapani.varanasi@wpafb.af.mil RI Nalladega, Vijay/J-4833-2012 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3709 EP 3712 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897920 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900295 ER PT J AU Barnes, PN Kell, JW Harrison, BC Haugan, TJ Burke, JL Varanasi, CV AF Barnes, Paul N. Kell, Joseph W. Harrison, Brandon C. Haugan, Timothy J. Burke, Jack L. Varanasi, Chakrapani V. TI Nanoparticulate flux pinning Centers for YBa2Cu3O7-delta films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE flux pinning; high-temperature superconductors (HTS); rare earth doping; YBCO AB YBa2Cu3O7-delta high temperature superconductors can maintain fairly high critical current densities (J(c)) with increasing magnetic field. This in-field performance can be further improved upon by incorporating nanoparticulate magnetic flux pinning centers into the superconductors. This short paper briefly discusses and compares recent efforts by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory to incorporate insulating nanoparticles into the YBCO superconducting thin films by pulsed laser deposition. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil; joseph.kell@wpafb.af.mil; brandon.harrison@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil; jack.burke@wpafb.af.mil; chakrapani.varanasi@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3717 EP 3719 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899016 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900297 ER PT J AU Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Campbell, TA Pierce, NA Baca, FJ Maartense, I AF Haugan, Timothy J. Barnes, Paul N. Campbell, Timothy A. Pierce, Neal A. Baca, F. Javier Maartense, Iman TI Flux pinning of Y-Ba-Cu-O films doped with BaZrO3 nanoparticles by multilayer and single target methods SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH CHANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE flux pinning; nanoparticle; superconductor; thin film; YBa2Cu3O7-x ID THIN-FILMS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; DISPERSIONS; ENHANCEMENT; DEPOSITION; GROWTH AB The superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO or 123) thin films doped with BaZrO3 (BZO) nanoparticles by multilayer and single-target methods were studied and compared. Thin films of 123 + BZO were processed by pulsed laser deposition on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 single crystal substrates. Multilayer (BZO(0.6) (nm-1.4 nm)/123(15) (nm))(19) structures were grown by alternating deposition from 123 and BZO targets, and BZO additions of 0-2 Vol% were deposited using (123(1-x)BZO(x)) single-targets. The multilayer and single-target methods of BZO addition caused significant differences of superconducting transition temperatures (T,) measured by AC susceptibility, and critical current densities (J(c)) measured by both magnetic and transport methods as a function of temperature (T), applied magnetic field (H) and angle of H field incidence (0). Single-target films had almost linear decrease of T, and seif-field J(c) with BZO vol% addition, and compared to multilayer films had lower J(c) (77 K, H < 4 T) however had improved high-field properties for J(c) (77 K, H > 4 T). Multilayer films had almost no decrease of T, and self-field J(c), for high BZO additions up to 10 Vol% and very strong peak of J(c)(H//ab in - plane) and constant and high J(c) (H, 0 < theta < 80 degrees). Single-target BZO-2 Vol% films had slightly enhanced J(c)(H//c - axis), consistent with results by other authors. C1 AFRL PRPG, Propuls Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, TJ (reprint author), AFRL PRPG, Propuls Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thimothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 3724 EP 3728 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899342 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WL UT WOS:000248442900299 ER PT J AU Koppisetty, K Kirkici, H Schweickart, DL AF Koppisetty, K. Kirkici, H. Schweickart, D. L. TI Partial vacuum breakdown characteristics of helium at 20 kHz for inhomogeneous field gap SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY SEP 25-29, 2006 CL Matsue, JAPAN SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc DE helium; partial discharges; inhomogeneous field ID FREQUENCY; DISCHARGES AB In general, power devices and systems operating in vacuum or space environment are more susceptible to partial discharges, corona, or volume discharges due to the partial vacuum conditions. Additionally, high frequency operation of a power system is a contributing factor in lowering the breakdown voltage of insulation. In this paper we present our studies on the breakdown characteristics of helium operating in dc and 20 kHz ac field in partial vacuum, for a point-to-point and point-to-plane electrode configurations. Breakdown voltage as a function of pressure in the range of 27 to 400 Pa (0.2 to 3 torr) for both the dc and 20 kHz ac cases is presented. Voltage and current waveforms along with the optical emission waveform of the breakdown events are also presented. A variable dc power supply for dc and an in-house built variable dc-offset-ac power supply for the high frequency breakdown experiments are used. A high voltage probe and a Pearson current sensor are used for the voltage and current detection, and a photo-multiplier-tube with a digital pico-ammeter and a video camera are used for the optical signal detection of this set-up. The breakdown voltage as a function of pressure for both the ac and dc experiments, along with voltage breakdown waveforms for both electrodes are presented. C1 Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koppisetty, K (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 553 EP 559 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2007.369512 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 174ZQ UT WOS:000246982000005 ER PT J AU Pozhar, LA Mitchel, WC AF Pozhar, Liudmila A. Mitchel, William C. TI Collectivization of electronic spin distributions and magneto-electronic properties of atomic clusters of Ga and In with As, V, and Mn SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 07-11, 2007 CL Balitmore, MD SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE, Magnet Soc DE bonding; charge carrier density; magnetooptic effects; quantum dots AB Exponential increase in nano- and sub-nanoscale research has involved investigations of the microscopic nature and origin of magnetism, including a search for the smallest atomic clusters that possess collectivized electronic spin density distributions. In this work the Hartree-Fock (HF) and restricted open-shell HF (ROHF) methods have been used to synthesize virtually (i.e., fundamental theory-based, computationally) a set of small pyramidal clusters of Ga or In atoms with As, V, and Mn atoms. The majority of the clusters are not destabilized by inclusion of vanadium or manganese atoms. The cluster charge and spin density distributions are collectivized. The In-based clusters with V or Mn atoms possess relatively large spin density values that may be of interest for spintronic materials development. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pozhar, LA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM LPozhar@mint.ua.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 6 BP 3037 EP 3039 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2007.893693 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 171AB UT WOS:000246706200315 ER PT J AU Roelke, GR Baldwin, RO Mullins, BE Kim, YC AF Roelke, George R. Baldwin, Rusty O. Mullins, Barry E. Kim, Yong C. TI A cache architecture for extremely unreliable nanotechnologies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE computer architecture; defect tolerance; error; correcting codes; fault tolerance; memory; nanotechnology ID YIELD MODELS; TOLERANCE; CIRCUITS; DEVICES; DEFECT; LOGIC AB In the drive to create ever smaller transistors, conventional silicon CMOS devices are becoming more difficult to fabricate reliably as process size shrinks. New technologies are being investigated to replace silicon CMOS. While offering greater num_ hers of devices per unit area, all of these technologies are more difficult to fabricate, and more likely to fail in operation than current technologies. Nanotechnology research has identified the need for fault and defect tolerance at the architectural level so that future devices can be used in large-scale electronics circuits. This paper examines the problem of creating reliable caches using extremely unreliable technologies. We incorporate support logic (i.e., control, datapath, and self-test logic) into the analysis, and propose a novel Content Addressable Memory-based design incorporating "best practice" fault tolerant design techniques. The design requires 15 times the number of devices of a conventional design, but enables the use of device technologies with defect rates higher than 10-n, a three order of magnitude improvement over non-fault tolerant designs. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roelke, GR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM george.roelke@wpafb.af.mil; rusty.baldwin@afit.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu; yong.kim@afit.edu NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9529 EI 1558-1721 J9 IEEE T RELIAB JI IEEE Trans. Reliab. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 56 IS 2 BP 182 EP 197 DI 10.1109/TR.2007.895309 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 176TF UT WOS:000247107100002 ER PT J AU Yin, A Tzolov, M Cardimona, D Guo, L Xu, J AF Yin, A. Tzolov, M. Cardimona, D. Guo, L. Xu, J. TI Fabrication of highly ordered anodic aluminium oxide templates on silicon substrates SO IET CIRCUITS DEVICES & SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBE ARRAYS; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; POROUS ALUMINA; GROWTH; SI; NANOMATERIALS AB The controlled fabrication of highly ordered anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates of unprecedented pore uniformity directly on Si, enabled by new advances on two fronts - direct and timed anodisation of a high-purity Al film of unprecedented thickness (50 mu m) on Si, and anodising a thin but pre-textured Al film on Si, has been reported. To deposit high-quality and ultra-thick Al on a non-compliant substrate, a prerequisite for obtaining highly ordered pore arrays on Si by self-organisation while retaining a good adhesion, a specially designed process of e-beam evaporation followed by in situ annealing has been deployed. To obtain an AAO template with the same high degree of ordering and uniformity but from a thin Al film, which is not achievable by the self-organisation alone, pre-patteming of the thin Al surface by reactive ion etching using a freestanding AAO mask that was formed in a separate process was performed. The resultant AAO/Si template provides a good platform for integrated growth of nanotube, nanowire or nanodot arrays on Si. Template-assisted growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) directly on Si was demonstrated via a chemical vapour deposition method. By controllably removing the AAO barrier layer at the bottom of the pores and partially etching back the AAO top surface, new CNT/Si structures were obtained with potential applications in field emitters, sensors, oscillators and photodetectors. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Geol & Phys, Lock Haven, PA 17745 USA. RP Yin, A (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM aijun_yin@brown.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 28 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-858X J9 IET CIRC DEVICE SYST JI IET Circ. Devices Syst. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1049/iet-cds:20060101 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 198FQ UT WOS:000248612800004 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, S Zhang, H Ramesh, R Andrews, DH AF Bhattacharjee, Sudip Zhang, Hong Ramesh, R. Andrews, Dee H. TI A decomposition and guided simulation methodology for large-scale system design: A study in QoS-Capable intranets with fixed and mobile components SO INFORMS JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE multiple-criteria decision analysis; large-scale infrastructure design; decomposition; guided simulation; guidance mechanisms; metaheuristics; simulation optimization; quality of service ID INTERACTING HUB FACILITIES; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; FILE ALLOCATION; WIRELESS; OPTIMIZATION; FRAMEWORK; NETWORKS; LOCATION; MODELS AB Integrated design of a large-scale distributed system is challenging due to multiple conflicting design objectives, a large number of stochastic parameters, and a combinatorially large design space. Current approaches using decomposition and analysis of isolated subproblems could lead to suboptimization. We develop a framework for integrated design that combines analytical modeling with embedded simulations for large-scale infrastructure planning. The framework uses problem decomposition and a guided simulation methodology, which uses concepts of extrinsic and intrinsic guidance. These are integrated in a comprehensive framework and used to interlink the subproblems and guide the design process towards achieving overall objectives concurrently. A case study demonstrates viability of the framework. The methodology is efficient and flexible, and can be adapted for other problems where resource sharing and integrated system design is critical. C1 Univ Connecticut, Sch Business, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. SW Missouri State Univ, Coll Business Adm, Springfield, MO 65897 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Management, Dept Management Syst & Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. AF Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85206 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, S (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Business, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM sbhattacharjee@business.uconn.edu; hongzhang@missouristate.edu; rramesh@acsu.buffalo.edu; dee.andrews@mesa.afmc.af.mil RI Bhattacharjee, Sudip/C-8421-2011 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DRIVE, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1310 USA SN 1091-9856 J9 INFORMS J COMPUT JI INFORMS J. Comput. PD SUM PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 BP 429 EP 442 DI 10.1287/ijoc.1050.0173 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 203RD UT WOS:000248990800011 ER PT J AU Wang, ETG Lin, CCL Jiang, JJ Klein, G AF Wang, Eric T. G. Lin, Cathy Chia-Lin Jiang, James J. Klein, Gary TI Improving enterprise resource planning (ERP) fit to organizational process through knowledge transfer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ERP implementation; knowledge transfer; absorptive capacity; consultant competence; process fit ID TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER; INNOVATION; SYSTEM; IMPLEMENTATION; PERSPECTIVE; MANAGEMENT AB Critical to enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation is the fit between the system and the processes in an organization. Knowledge about the ERP system must flow from those implementing the system and those responsible once in production. Effective knowledge transfer is assisted by the absorptive capacity of the learner and the competence of the knowledge holder, as reflected in the client and consultant relationship of this study. A model of transfer is composed from existing theories of learning to explain the roles played by the client through absorptive capacity and the consultant through competence. Survey data of CIOs in Taiwan confirm that transfer is improved with higher levels of capacity and competence, while the transfer process leads to a better fit between ERP systems and organizational processes. Management needs to foster the build-up of their internal knowledge stocks in order to stimulate the flow of knowledge transfer. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Management Informat syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Informat Managment, Chungli, Taiwan. RP Klein, G (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6H-130, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ewang@mgt.ncu.edu.tw; cathy@mgt.ncu.edu.tw; jjiang@bus.ucf.edu; gary.klein@usafa.af.mil NR 55 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 14 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-4012 J9 INT J INFORM MANAGE JI Int. J. Inf. Manage. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 200 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2007.02.002 PG 13 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 171NS UT WOS:000246743300006 ER PT J AU Doan, BK Newton, RU Kraemer, WJ Kwon, YH Scheet, TP AF Doan, B. K. Newton, R. U. Kraemer, W. J. Kwon, Y.-H. Scheet, T. P. TI Salivary cortisol, testosterone, and T/C ratio responses during a 36-hole golf competition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cortisol; testosterone; golf; CSAI-2; testosterone-to-cortisol ratio ID HEAVY-RESISTANCE EXERCISE; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; GROWTH-FACTOR RESPONSES; PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; SERUM TESTOSTERONE; MALES; RECOVERY; PERFORMANCE; ENDOCRINE AB The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of 36 continuous holes of competitive golf on salivary testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone-to-cortisol ratio and their relation to performance in eight elite male collegiate golfers (age 20.3 [ +/- 1.5] years). Thirty-six holes of a 54-hole NCAA golf tournament were played on the first day of the competition. A saliva sample was taken 45 minutes prior to the round and immediately following each hole for a total of 37 samples per subject. Time matched baseline samples were collected on a different day to account for circadian variation. Six-hole areas under the curve (AUC values were calculated for endocrine measures. Significant (p < 0.05) increases were noted for cortisol during competition, however, testosterone did not change during competition compared to baseline. Testosterone-to-cortisol (T/C) ratio was significantly lower throughout the competition compared to baseline measures. Thirty-six-hole AUC testosterone-to-cortisol ratio response was correlated (r = 0.82) to 36-hole score. There was a high correlation between pre-round testosterone (r = 0.71), T/C ratio response (r = 0.82), and 36-hole score. CSAI-2 somatic anxiety was correlated to pre-round cortisol (r = 0.81) and testosterone (r = - 0.80) response. These results indicate a significant hormonal response during 10 hours of competitive golf Good golf performance (low golf scores) in this competition was related to low T/C ratio (r = .82). Additionally, results from this investigation validated CSAI-2 somatic anxiety with physiological measures of anxiety. C1 USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Biomed & Sports Sci, Joondalup, WA, Australia. Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Biomech Lab, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Doan, BK (reprint author), USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab, 4212A E Muledeer Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM brandon.doan@usafa.af.mil RI Newton, Robert/A-3466-2009 OI Newton, Robert/0000-0003-0302-6129 NR 52 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0172-4622 J9 INT J SPORTS MED JI Int. J. Sports Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 28 IS 6 BP 470 EP 479 DI 10.1055/s-2006-924557 PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 181HP UT WOS:000247428100004 PM 17111317 ER PT J AU Gruber, DD Wiersma, DS Dunn, JS Meldrum, KA Krivak, TC AF Gruber, Daniel D. Wiersma, Donald S. Dunn, James S. Meldrum, Kent A. Krivak, Thomas C. TI Cecal perforation complicating placement of a transvaginal tension-free vaginal tape SO INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE tension-free vaginal tape; bowel perforation; urinary incontinence ID URINARY-INCONTINENCE; INTESTINAL PERFORATION; INSERTION; SURGERY AB The tension-free vaginal tape has been increasingly used to treat stress urinary incontinence. This procedure has a high success rate and unique surgical complications. The patient is a 39-year-old with genuine stress urinary incontinence and underwent placement of tension-free vaginal tape for treatment. Twelve hours after the procedure, the patient had increasing abdominal pain, and an acute abdominal series showed free intraperitoneal air. Exploratory laparotomy revealed stool in the peritoneal cavity, with the vaginal tape placed through the cecum. Bowel complications are rare; however, they may occur and should be suspected in a patient with an acute abdomen and free air. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Krivak, TC (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM daniel.gruber@travis.af.mil; james.dunn@travis.af.mil; tkrivak@mail.magee.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-3462 J9 INT UROGYNECOL J JI Int. Urogynecol. J. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 6 BP 671 EP 673 DI 10.1007/s00192-006-0185-8 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology GA 175HV UT WOS:000247005600015 PM 17024521 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, R Dincer, HE Whittemore, D AF Krishnamurthy, Raghu Dincer, H. Erhan Whittemore, Darren TI Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis after anti-TNF-alpha therapy SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE strongyloidiasis AB Strongyloidiasis is epidemic in tropical and subtropical regions where the regional prevalence may exceed 25%. In the United States, highest infection rates are found in immigrants. Many infected individuals are asymptomatic, whereas others may have mild and nonspecific cutaneous, intestinal, and pulmonary symptoms. Strongyloides stercoralis may remain as a dormant infection, but replication and dissemination can be fatal in immunocompromised patients. We report on a 63-year-old native Filipino man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis who developed Escherichia coli sepsis, filariform larvae characteristic of S. stercoralis bronchoalveolar lavage, and adult respiratory distress syndrome 3 weeks after he presented with vague gastrointestinal symptoms. We believe that the addition of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitor to his treatment with prednisone and methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis further suppressed his cellular immunity leading to hyperinfection and life-threatening S. stercoralis infection. This is another, often latent, infection that should be considered in patients in or from endemic areas before institution of antitumor necrosis factor therapy. C1 Vet Affairs So Nevada Healthcare Syst, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Las Vegas, NV USA. Mike Ocallahan Fed Hosp, Dept Pathol, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Krishnamurthy, R (reprint author), POB 360001, N Las Vegas, NV 89036 USA. EM raghukrish007@yahoo.com NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 150 EP 152 DI 10.1097/RHU.0b013e3180690933 PG 3 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 183QT UT WOS:000247588000012 PM 17551383 ER PT J AU Osur, AM AF Osur, Alan M. TI Black, white, and olive drab: Racial integration at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and the Civil Rights movement SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Osur, Alan M.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Osur, AM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 94 IS 1 BP 358 EP 359 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 289VC UT WOS:000255081000162 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, S Yu, ZG Gonzalez, LP Guha, S AF Krishnamurthy, Srinivasan Yu, Zhi Gang Gonzalez, Leonel P. Guha, Shekhar TI Accurate evaluation of nonlinear absorption coefficients in InAs, InSb, and HgCdTe alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREE-CARRIER ABSORPTION; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; INDIUM ARSENIDE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ENERGY-GAP; SEMICONDUCTORS; HG1-XCDXTE; RATES AB We present a full band structure calculation of temperature- and wavelength-dependent two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficients and free carrier absorption (FCA) cross sections in InAs, InSb, and Hg1-xCdxTe alloys. The wavelength dependence of the TPA coefficients agrees well with a widely used analytical expression. However, the magnitudes of the TPA coefficients obtained here are smaller by a factor of 1.2-2.5 than the analytical values. In addition, the TPA coefficient is found to depend sensitively on the photoexcited carrier density in small gap materials. The FCA is found to arise predominantly from hole absorption. The FCA cross section is found to be independent of the carrier density, but is strongly dependent on the temperature. The calculated TPA, FCA coefficients, and lifetimes are fitted to closed-form expressions and are used in solving the rate equations to obtain the transmitted pump and probe intensities as functions of incident intensity and sample thickness. The calculated pump transmission and time-dependent probe transmission in InAs agree very well with the measured values. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, S (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM srini@sri.com RI Yu, Z/B-5547-2009 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 11 AR 113104 DI 10.1063/1.2718874 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 179QW UT WOS:000247306000004 ER PT J AU Forger, D Larkin, W AF Forger, Daniel Larkin, Willard TI Introduction to the special section on modeling rhythms, sleep, and performance SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Math Biol Res Grp, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Forger, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Math Biol Res Grp, 3075 East Hall,530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM forger@umich.edu RI Jelinek, Milan/C-8515-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-7304 J9 J BIOL RHYTHM JI J. Biol. Rhythms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 199 EP 199 DI 10.1177/0748730407301824 PG 1 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 171VO UT WOS:000246763700001 ER PT J AU Kronauer, RE Gunzelmann, G Van Dongen, HPA Doyle, FJ Klerman, EB AF Kronauer, Richard E. Gunzelmann, Glenn Van Dongen, Hans P. A. Doyle, Francis J., III Klerman, Elizabeth B. TI Uncovering physiologic mechanisms of circadian rhythms and sleep/wake regulation through mathematical modeling SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modeling Circadian Rhythmicity, Sleep Regulation, and Neurobehavioral Function CY AUG 03-04, 2006 CL Raleigh, NC SP Soc Ind & Appl Math, Life Sci Grp, Soc Math Biol DE mathematical modeling; circadian; sleep; neurobehavioral performance; cognitive architecture; systems biology ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES; SUBJECTIVE ALERTNESS; PERFORMANCE; WAKEFULNESS; FATIGUE; PHASE; ARCHITECTURE; DEPRIVATION; RESTRICTION AB Mathematical models of neurobehavioral function are useful both for understanding the underlying physiology and for predicting the effects of rest-activity-work schedules and interventions on neurobehavioral function. In a symposium titled "Modeling Human Neurobehavioral Performance 1: Uncovering Physiologic Mechanisms" at the 2006 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics/Society for Mathematical Biology (SIAM/SMB) Conference on the Life Sciences, different approaches to modeling the physiology of human circadian rhythms, sleep, and neurobehavioral performance and their usefulness in understanding the underlying physiology were examined. The topics included key elements of the physiology that should be included in mathematical models, a computational model developed within a cognitive architecture that has begun to include the effects of extended wake on information-processing mechanisms that influence neurobehavioral function, how to deal with interindividual differences in the prediction of neurobehavioral function, the applications of systems biology and control theory to the study of circadian rhythms, and comparisons of these methods in approaching the overarching questions of the underlying physiology and mathematical models of circadian rhythms and neurobehavioral function. A unifying theme was that it is important to have strong collaborative ties between experimental investigators and mathematical modelers, both for the design and conduct of experiments and for continued development of the models. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Sleep Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Spokane, WA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Klerman, EB (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Sleep Med, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ebklerman@hms.harvard.edu RI Jelinek, Milan/C-8515-2011 FU NICHD NIH HHS [K02 HD045459-03, K02 HD045459, K02 HD045459-01, K02 HD045459-02, K02 HD045459-04, K02 HD045459-05, K02-HD045459]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM078993] NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-7304 J9 J BIOL RHYTHM JI J. Biol. Rhythms PD JUN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.1177/0748730407301237 PG 13 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 171VO UT WOS:000246763700005 PM 17517913 ER PT J AU Wang, B Callahan, MJ Xu, C Bouthillette, LO Giles, NC Bliss, DF AF Wang, Buguo Callahan, M. J. Xu, Chunchuan Bouthillette, L. O. Giles, N. C. Bliss, D. F. TI Hydrothermal growth and characterization of indium-doped-conducting ZnO crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE growth mechanism; indium-doped ZnO; ZnO-conducting substrate; hydrothermal growth; hall measurements; optical transmission ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ZINC-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; MECHANISM AB Indium-doped-conducting ZnO crystals have been grown by the hydrothermal technique. The hydrothermal growth mechanism, as influenced by impurities, particularly In3+ is investigated. Indium ions or indium coordinated anionic groups such as In(H2O)(2)(OH)(4)(-) in alkaline solutions tend to absorb on both (0 0 0 (1) over bar) and (0 0 0 1) faces of ZnO, resulting in a reduction of growth oil the two polar faces, while facilitating growth on the m faces; the grown crystals exhibited a plate-like crystal morphology. We have used this growth characteristic to increase the diameter of c-plate ZnO seeds along the m-planes for the growth of nominally undoped (lithium-doped) large-size ZnO crystals. Transmission spectra of both nominally undoped and indium-doped ZnO crystals were measured for comparison. Indium doping reduced the transmittance of ZnO crystals; the absorption edge of In:ZnO was red-shifted with respect to nominally undoped ZnO. The temperature dependence of the resistivity and carrier concentration measured at temperatures from 86 to 360 K indicated that the indium-doped ZnO, which contains about 150-175 ppm wt of indium in the crystals, are of high conductivity, with a resistivity lower than 0.015 Omega-cm and Hall carrier concentration of 1.09 x 10(19) electrons/cm(3) at room temperature. This research on hydrothermal growth of ZnO bulk crystals in the presence of In3+ will not only have an impact on the supply of ZnO-conducting substrates, but also contribute to the understanding of ZnO growth mechanisms in the presence of impurities. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wang, B (reprint author), SNHC, AFRL, Solid State Sci Corp, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM buguo@solidstatescientific.com NR 31 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 1 PY 2007 VL 304 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.01.047 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 178PF UT WOS:000247231900014 ER PT J AU Westmoreland, D Schmitz, M Burns, KE AF Westmoreland, David Schmitz, Matthew Burns, Kevin E. TI Egg color as an adaptation for thermoregulation SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blackbirds; egg color; egg temperature; pigmentation; thermoregulation; Icteridae ID EGGSHELL PIGMENTATION; SEXUAL SELECTION; CUCULUS-CANORUS; PARENTAL EFFORT; PASSERINES; CUCKOO; NESTS AB Avian embryos are incubated at temperatures only 2-6 degrees C below that at which hyperthermia begins to influence survival. In habitats where sunlight directly strikes the eggs, even for short periods, heat gain may be a substantial threat to survival, and reflective pigmentation may reduce the rate of heat gain. The results of previous studies suggest that light-colored eggs acquire heat slower than dark eggs, but artificial pigments were used to create differences in egg coloration. This approach is problematic because natural eggshell pigments have low absorbance in the near-infrared waveband that encompasses about half of incident solar radiation. We used naturally-pigmented eggs to measure the influence of egg coloration on heat gain. Triads (N = 18) of eggs from Brewer's (Euphagous cyanocephalus), Red-winged (Agelaius phoeniceus), and Yellow-headed (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) blackbirds were crossed with six nests of each species and either exposed to full sunlight or placed under a diffusing umbrella. Thermisters recorded internal egg temperature every minute until an asymptotic temperature was reached. Eggs in full sunlight acquired heat more rapidly than eggs in the shaded environment, but heat gain did not vary with egg color in either environment. Eggs placed in Yellow-headed Blackbird nests took longer to reach asymptotic temperature, but there was no significant egg-by-nest interaction. Thus, it appears that differences in reflectivity of eggshell pigments in the visible range (400-700 nm) do not result in different rates of heat acquisition. The thermoregulation hypothesis was not supported. C1 USAF Acad, DFB, HQ, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF Acad, DFMS, HQ, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Westmoreland, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, DFB, HQ, Dept Biol, 2355 Fac Dr,Suite 2P389, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM David.Westmoreland@usafa.af.mil NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2007.00101.x PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 169WK UT WOS:000246622600008 ER PT J AU Fuelling, S Awe, TJ Bauer, BS Goodrich, T Lindemuth, IR Makhin, V Siemon, RE Atchison, WL Reinovsky, RE Salazar, MA Scudder, DW Turchi, PJ Degnan, JH Ruden, EL AF Fuelling, Stephan Awe, Thomas J. Bauer, Bruno S. Goodrich, Tasha Lindemuth, Irvin R. Makhin, Volodymyr Siemon, Richard E. Atchison, Walter L. Reinovsky, Robert E. Salazar, Mike A. Scudder, David W. Turchi, Peter J. Degnan, James H. Ruden, Edward L. TI Experimental design of a magnetic flux compression experiment SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop 2006 CY 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE magnetic flux compression; Magnetized Target Fusion; radiation magnetohydrodynamics; experiment ID Z PINCHES; PHYSICS AB Generation of ultrahigh magnetic fields is an interesting topic of high-energy-density physics, and an essential aspect of Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF). To examine plasma formation from conductors impinged upon by ultrahigh magnetic fields, in a geometry similar to that of the MAGO experiments, an experiment is under design to compress magnetic flux in a toroidal cavity, using the Shiva Star or Atlas generator. An initial toroidal bias magnetic field is provided by a current on a central conductor. The central current is generated by diverting a fraction of the liner current using an innovative inductive current divider, thus avoiding the need for an auxiliary power supply. A 50-mm-radius cylindrical aluminum liner implodes along glide planes with velocity of about 5 km/s. Inward liner motion causes electrical closure of the toroidal chamber, after which flux in the chamber is conserved and compressed, yielding magnetic fields of 2-3 MG. Plasma is generated on the liner and central rod surfaces by Ohmic heating. Diagnostics include B-dot probes, Faraday rotation, radiography, filtered photodiodes, and VUV spectroscopy. Optical access to the chamber is provided through small holes in the walls. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Fuelling, S (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Mailstop 220, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM fuelling@physics.unr.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10894-006-9038-1 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 140DL UT WOS:000244483800009 ER PT J AU McCarty, R Hallinan, KP Sanders, B Somphone, T AF McCarty, R. Hallinan, K. P. Sanders, B. Somphone, T. TI Enhancing thermoelectric energy via modulations of recovery source temperature for cyclical heat loadings SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition CY JUL 15-22, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA DE thermoelectric generator; thermal switch; energy harvesting ID DEVICES THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSIENT TRAIT METHOD; PELTIER JUNCTIONS; RESISTANCE ANALYSIS AB Recent improvements in thermoelectric (TE) materials have expanded the potential to use this technology to generate electricity from waste heat in a variety of applications. The performance of a TE generator improves when the temperature difference across the generator is as large as possible given the constraints associated with its application. This paper considers the use of a "thermal switch, " located physically between the heat source and the TE device, to modulate the heat flow through the TE device. A control schema is envisioned which permits heat to flow from the source to the TE device only when the source temperature is near maximum, yielding a higher time-averaged temperature drop across the TE and therefore a higher efficiency. A numerical model is used to evaluate the benefits of an active thermal switch in series with a TE generator relative to a baseline case defined by the absence of a thermal switch for both time-varying and constant heat inputs. The results demonstrate that modulating the heat flow through the TE device and maintaining the source temperature at a near constant maximal value is capable of improving the time-averaged TE device energy recovery efficiency. For some conditions, improved efficiencies of more than five times are realized. The requisite physical conditions necessary for achieving these improvements are also identified. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP McCarty, R (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM robin.mccarty@wpafb.af.mil; kevin.hallinan@notes.udayton.edu; brian.sanders@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2007 VL 129 IS 6 BP 749 EP 755 DI 10.1115/1.2717238 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 182ME UT WOS:000247507900008 ER PT J AU Hundhausen, RJ Adams, DE Derriso, M AF Hundhausen, R. Jason Adams, Douglas E. Derriso, Mark TI Impact loads identification in standoff metallic thermal protection system panels SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE loads identification; thermal protection system; inverse problem; impact loads ID STIFFENED COMPOSITE PANELS; TIME-DOMAIN METHOD; MOVING FORCE IDENTIFICATION; RESPONSE DATA; REGULARIZATION; PLATE AB This article describes two experimental approaches for the identification of transient impact loads applied to a metallic composite thermal protection system (TPS) panel. The critical nature of the TPS to the survival of the vehicle and crew warrants the development of a technique that can detect, quantify, and locate transient impact loads. This information will provide an opportunity to identify specific panels that are more or less prone to damage from transient impacts. Furthermore, a historical database of impact loads encountered can be retained for use in the development of statistical models that relate impact loading to panel life. The two techniques presented herein are a physics-based approach, where the panel is assumed to behave as a rigid body at low frequencies, and an inverse frequency response approach, where the system impedance matrix is measured, from which the loads acting on the panel can be estimated using the measured response. The validity of approaches is verified experimentally, and it is shown that the inverse frequency response method is capable of detecting, locating, and quantifying transient impact loads to a high degree of accuracy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapon Reponse Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Struct Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hundhausen, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapon Reponse Grp, MS T001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hundhausen@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 6 BP 531 EP 541 DI 10.1177/1045389X06067141 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 173XE UT WOS:000246905000002 ER PT J AU Pokines, JT AF Pokines, James T. TI Prey remains from a Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) roost in the Icla Valley, Bolivia SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Pokines, JT (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM james.pokines@jpac.pacom.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 174 EP 175 DI 10.3356/0892-1016(2007)41[174:PRFAGH]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 192HX UT WOS:000248192900014 ER PT J AU Barnacle, SJ Robinson, RD Malinowski, MJ AF Barnacle, Scott J. Robinson, Randal D. Malinowski, Marshall J. TI Laparoscopic resection of a noncommunicating, rudimentary uterine horn using the harmonic scalpel - A report of 3 cases SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE uterus; laparoscopic surgery; rudimentary uterine horn; harmonic scalpel AB BACKGROUND: Nonconnnunicating, rudinientary uterine horns are Often removed to prevent potential pregnancy complications or to treat patients who develop pain from functional endometrimn within the horn. Historically, these have been removed via laparotomy. Recently, resections of noncommunicating uterine horns have been performed laparoscopically using many different devices. We report 3 patients who underwent laparoscopic resection using the harmonic scalpel. CASES: Three patients were diagnosed with this condition at our institution between 2000 and 2003. All underwent laparoscopic resection using the harmonic scalpel without complications. All patients were discharged from the hospital on the day of surgery. Two patients subsequently had term vaginal deliveries. CONCLUSION: Resection of a rudinientary uterine horn by laparoscopy using the harmonic scalpel is an option for patients diagnosed with noncommunicating, rudinientary uterine horns. This modality might offer some advantages for patients who must undergo resection. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Hlth Educ Consortium,Dept Obstet & Gynecol,Div Re, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Robinson, RD (reprint author), MDS, MMNO, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM robinson@lackland.af.mil NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 6 BP 570 EP 574 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 180HV UT WOS:000247354600028 PM 17694988 ER PT J AU Derdak, S AF Derdak, Stephen TI Acute respiratory distress syndrome in trauma patients SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual San Antonio Trauma Symposium CY SEP 19-21, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Trauma Inst San Antonio Texas, USN C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Derdak, S (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM sderdak@mac.com NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 6 SU S BP S58 EP S58 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318065ab4e PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 180ER UT WOS:000247345600043 PM 17556976 ER PT J AU Murdock, AD AF Murdock, Alan D. TI What is the standard approach to temporary abdominal closure? SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual San Antonio Trauma Symposium CY SEP 19-21, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Trauma Inst San Antonio Texas, USN C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Murdock, AD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM alan.murdock@lackland.af.mil NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 6 SU S BP S29 EP S29 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318065406d PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 180ER UT WOS:000247345600022 PM 17556954 ER PT J AU Murdock, AD AF Murdock, Alan D. TI Experience at the 332nd air force theater hospital: Evacuation hub for Iraq SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual San Antonio Trauma Symposium CY SEP 19-21, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Trauma Inst San Antonio Texas, USN C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Murdock, AD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM alan.murdock@lackland.af.mil NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 6 SU S BP S19 EP S19 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3180653ea4 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 180ER UT WOS:000247345600013 PM 17556945 ER PT J AU Spinella, PC Priestley, MA AF Spinella, Philip C. Priestley, Margaret A. TI Damage control mechanical ventilation: Ventilator induced lung injury and lung protective strategies in children SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual San Antonio Trauma Symposium CY SEP 19-21, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Trauma Inst San Antonio Texas, USN C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Anesthesia & Crit Care Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Spinella, PC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 Bergquist Dr Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM philip.spinella@amedd.army.mil NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 2007 VL 62 IS 6 SU S BP S82 EP S83 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318065b21f PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 180ER UT WOS:000247345600062 PM 17556998 ER PT J AU Peck, MA Clouse, WD Cox, MW Bowser, AN Eliason, JL Jenkins, DH Smith, DL Rasmussen, TE AF Peck, Michael A. Clouse, W. Darrin Cox, Mitchell W. Bowser, Andrew N. Eliason, Jonathan L. Jenkins, Donald H. Smith, David L. Rasmussen, Todd E. TI The complete management of extremity vascular injury in a local population: A wartime report from the 332nd expeditionary medical Group/Air Force Theater Hospital, Balad Air Base, Iraq SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Vascular-Society CY SEP 28-30, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Eastern Vasc Soc ID WAR INJURIES; EXPERIENCE; ARTERIES; REGISTRY; FREEDOM; CLOSURE; REPAIR AB Background: Although the management of vascular injury in coalition forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom has been described, there are no reports on the in-theater treatment of wartime vascular injury in the local population. This study reports the complete management of extremity vascular injury in a local wartime population and illustrates the unique aspects of this cohort and management strategy. Methods: From September 1, 2004, to August 31, 2006, all vascular injuries treated at the Air Force Theater Hospital (AFTH) in Balad, Iraq, were registered. Those in noncoalition troops were identified and retrospectively reviewed. Results: During the study period, 192 major vascular injuries were treated in the local population in the following distribution: extremity 70% (n = 134), neck and great vessel 17% (n = 33), and thoracoabdominal 13% (n = 25). For the extremity cohort, the age range was 4 to 68 years and included 12 pediatric injuries. Autologous vein was the conduit of choice for these vascular reconstructions. A strictwound management strategy providing repeat operative washout and application of the closed negative pressure adjunct was used. Delayed primary closure or secondary coverage with a split-thickness skin graft was required in 57% of extremity wounds. All patients in this cohort remained at the theater hospital through definitive wound healing, with an average length of stay of 15 days (median 11 days). Patients required an average of 3.3 operations (median 3) from the initial injury to definitive wound closure. Major complications in extremity vascular patients, including mortality, were present in 15.7% (n = 21). Surgical wound infection occurred in 3.7% (n = 5), and acute anastomotic disruption in 3% (n = 4). Graft thrombosis occurred in 4.5% (n = 6), and early amputation and mortality rates during the study period were 3.0% (n = 4) and 1.5% (n = 2), respectively. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study represents the first large report of wartime extremity vascular injury management in a local population. These injuries present unique challenges related to complex wounds that require their complete management to occur in-theater. Vascular reconstruction using vein, combined with a strict wound management strategy, results in successful limb salvage with remarkably low infection, amputation and mortality rates. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. AFTH, 332nd AF Theater Hosp, Balad, Iraq. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Norman M Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Peck, MA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Michael.Peck@lackland.af.mil NR 22 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1197 EP 1204 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2007.02.003 PG 8 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 174GZ UT WOS:000246931500018 PM 17543685 ER PT J AU Jones, MS Harrach, B Ganac, RD Gozum, MMA dela Cruz, WP Riedel, B Pan, C Delwart, EL Schnurr, DP AF Jones, Morris Saffold, II Harrach, Balazs Ganac, Robert D. Gozum, Mary M. A. dela Cruz, Wilfred P. Riedel, Brian Pan, Chao Delwart, Eric L. Schnurr, David P. TI New adenovirus species found in a patient presenting with gastroenteritis SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORLD MONKEY ADENOVIRUS; GENOME SEQUENCE; SEROTYPES; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; GENES; HEXON; ASSAY AB An unidentified agent was cultured in primary monkey cells at the Los Angeles County Public Health Department from each of five stool specimens submitted from an outbreak of gastroenteritis. Electron microscopy and an adenovirus-specific monoclonal antibody confirmed this agent to be an adenovirus. Since viral titers were too low, complete serotyping was not possible. Using the DNase-sequence-independent viral nucleic acid amplification method, we identified several nucleotide sequences with a high homology to human adenovirus 41 (HAdV-41) and simian adenovirus 1 (SAdV-1). However, using anti-SAdV-1 sera, it was determined that this virus was serologically different than SAdV-1. Genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that this new adenovirus was so divergent from the known human adenoviruses that it was not only a new type but also represented a new species (human adenovirus G). In a retrospective clinical study, this new virus was detected by PCR in one additional patient from a separate gastroenteritis outbreak. This study suggests that HAAV-52 may be one of many agents causing gastroenteritis of unknown etiology. C1 David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Vet Med Res Inst, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary. RP Jones, MS (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Clin Invest Facil, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM drmorrisj@yahoo.com RI Harrach, Balazs/A-3680-2008; OI Harrach, Balazs/0000-0002-1410-6469; Delacruz, Wilfred/0000-0001-5363-6975; Delwart, Eric/0000-0002-6296-4484 NR 35 TC 180 Z9 196 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 81 IS 11 BP 5978 EP 5984 DI 10.1128/JVI.02650-06 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 173II UT WOS:000246866300052 PM 17360747 ER PT J AU Bartsch, CM Subramanyam, G Grote, J Hopkins, FK Brott, LL Naik, RR AF Bartsch, Carrie M. Subramanyam, Guru Grote, James Hopkins, Frank K. Brott, Lawrence L. Naik, Rajesh R. TI A new capacitive test structure for microwave characterization of biopolymers SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dielectric properties; biopolymers; coplanar waveguide capacitive test structure; microwave characterization ID DNA-BASED POLYMERS; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; COMPLEX; PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; CONSTANT; VOLTAGE; FILMS AB A new capacitive test structure, containing a parallel plate capacitor with coplanar waveguide feed lines, was used for microwave characterization of biopolymers for the first time. Microwave dielectric properties were obtained for the biopolymers as a function of do bias and temperature by performing on-wafer microwave measurements. Dielectric tunability was observed with applied do bias in the biopolymers tested. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bartsch, CM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 6 BP 1261 EP 1265 DI 10.1002/mop.22474 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 158SQ UT WOS:000245815300012 ER PT J AU Lam, DM Fecura, SE AF Lam, David M. Fecura, Stephen E., Jr. TI The trauma continuum-of-care quality forum integration committee system-wide video teleconference SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The lessons learned in the care of combat casualties throughout time have been vitally important to the improvement of military medicine. However, often the lessons learned were essentially personal, because the ability to transmit those lessons to other medical personnel was not systematized and organized. In past wars, the transmission of those lessons to other care providers was difficult and often long after the fact. Consultant visits were made and War Medicine conferences were held, but policy changes and actual changes in the mechanisms to provide care often lagged. Lessons learned often were not widely spread until years later. New capabilities in medical communications have permitted the development of real-time casualty care information exchange and rapid policy decision-making. This article describes one such effort. C1 USA, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Charles McC Mathias Natl Study Ctr Trauma & Emerg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Crit Care Air Transport Team Course, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Lam, DM (reprint author), USA, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 6 BP 611 EP 615 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 178PV UT WOS:000247233500012 PM 17615842 ER PT J AU Johnson, S AF Johnson, Steven TI Performance comparison between orthogonal subspace projection and the constrained signal detector SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; signal detection; signal processing; image processing ID SPECTRAL MIXTURE ANALYSIS; SUBPIXEL TARGET DETECTION; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; ENERGY MINIMIZATION; CLASSIFICATION AB The orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) algorithm, which is used to process mixed pixels in hyperspectral images, is discussed frequently in the remote sensing literature. A recent paper discussed ways to derive the OSP and the use of OSP as a target detector or for material abundance estimation. However, a technique called the constrained signal detector (CSD) outperforms the OSP technique. OSP is equivalent to the unconstrained least-squares estimate of the abundance of a particular material in a mixed pixel. CSD is equivalent to the constrained least-squares abundance estimate. It is shown through theory and simulation that the constrained method (CSD) outperforms the unconstrained technique (OSP) for the problems of target detection and material abundance estimation in mixed pixels. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.johnson.ctr@afit.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOCIETY PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 46 IS 6 AR 067005 DI 10.1117/1.2749708 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 186XX UT WOS:000247813000036 ER PT J AU Horne, SK Gal, TJ Brennan, JA AF Horne, Stefanie K. Gal, Thomas J. Brennan, Joseph A. TI Prevalence and patterns of intraoperative nerve monitoring for thyroidectomy SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE; SURGERY; COMPLICATIONS; INJURY; RISK AB Objective: To estimate the patterns of use of intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN)-monitoring devices during thyroid surgery by otolaryngologists in the United States. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to 1685 randomly selected otolaryngologists, representing approximately half of all otolaryngologists currently practicing in the United States. Topics covered included training history and current practice setting, use and characteristics of use of RLN monitoring during thyroid surgery, as well as history of RLN injury and/or subsequent lawsuits. X-2 test was used to examine associations between monitor usage and dependent variables, and odds ratios calculated by logistic regression were used to refine the magnitude of these associations. Results: A total of 685 (40.7%) of questionnaires were returned, and 81 percent (555) of respondents reported performing thyroidectomy. Of those, only 28.6 percent (159) reported using intraoperative monitoring for all cases. Respondents were 3.14 times more likely to currently use intraoperative monitoring if they used it during their training. Surgeons currently using intraoperative RLN monitoring during thyroidectomy were 41 percent less likely to report a history of permanent RLN injury. Further information about surgeon background and rationale for decisions regarding RLN monitor usage are discussed. Conclusions: Presently, the majority of otolaryngologists in the United States do not report regular usage of RLN monitoring in their practices. Surgeon background and training, more so than surgical volume, significantly influenced the use of intraoperative RLN monitoring. (C) 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 59MDW MCSR, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Horne, SK (reprint author), 59MDW MCSR, 2200 Bergquist Dr Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Stefanie.horne@lackland.af.mil NR 15 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 136 IS 6 BP 952 EP 956 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.02.011 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 176SE UT WOS:000247104400016 PM 17547986 ER PT J AU Boston, M Halsted, M Meinzen-Derr, J Bean, J Vijayasekaran, S Arjmand, E Choo, D Benton, C Greinwald, J AF Boston, Mark Halsted, Mark Meinzen-Derr, Jareen Bean, Judy Vijayasekaran, Shyan Arjmand, Ellis Choo, Daniel Benton, Corning Greinwald, John TI The large vestibular aqueduct: A new definition based on audiologic and computed tomography correlation SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Pediatric-Otolaryngology CY MAY 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Soc Pediat Otolaryngol ID SENSORINEURAL HEARING-LOSS; AIR-BONE GAP; PEDIATRIC POPULATION; CHILDREN; DISEASE; FREQUENCY AB Objective: The study goal was to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of a large vestibular aqueduct (LVA) in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Study Design and Setting: We conducted a retrospective review of a pediatric SNHL database. One hundred seven children with SNHL were selected and their radiographic and audiometric studies were evaluated. Radiographic comparisons were made to a group of children without SNHL. Results: A vestibular aqueduct (VA) larger than the 95th percentile of controls was present in 32% of children with SNHL. Progressive SNHL was more likely to occur in ears with an LVA and the rate of progressive hearing loss was greater than in ears without an LVA. The risk of progressive SNHL increased with increasing VA size as determined by logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: An LVA is defined as one that is >= 2 mm at the operculum and/or >= 1 mm at the midpoint in children with nonsyndromic SNHL. An LVA appears to be more common than previously reported in children with SNHL. A linear relationship is observed between VA width and progressive SNHL. Significance: The finding of an LVA in children with SNHL provides diagnostic as well as prognostic information. (C) 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Coll Med, Med Ctr,Div Otolaryngol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Amer Soc Pediat Otolaryngol, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Greinwald, J (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM john.greinwald@cchmc.org RI Meinzen-Derr, Jareen/N-4805-2015 NR 22 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 136 IS 6 BP 972 EP 977 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.12.011 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 176SE UT WOS:000247104400020 PM 17547990 ER PT J AU Pan, E Albrecht, JD Zhang, Y AF Pan, E. Albrecht, J. D. Zhang, Y. TI Elastic and piezoelectric fields in quantum wire semiconductor structures - A boundary integral equation analysis SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HALF-SPACE; DOT; INCLUSIONS AB This paper presents a rigorous analysis on the elastic and piezoelectric fields in quantum wire (QWR) semiconductor structures using the accurate boundary integral equation method. The materials modelled include both zincblende and wurtzite III-V semiconductors, and both the well-accepted inclusion and structural inhomogeneity models are discussed. While the difference in the strain field between the inclusion and inhomogeneity models is consistent with previously published results, within about 10%, the difference in the induced piezoelectric fields between these two models can be very large, sometimes even with different signs (for zincblende semiconductors). The electric field distribution in polygonal QWRs with different sides is also studied and it is found that the electric field in triangular and square QWRs can be very different from the fields in polygonal QWRs with more than four sides. These findings should provide important considerations and trend analyses for both growth and modelling associated with QWR semiconductor structures. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Vertag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44039 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44039 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 244 IS 6 BP 1925 EP 1939 DI 10.1002/pssb.200642513 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 179ZB UT WOS:000247328200031 ER PT J AU Kuo, SP Kuo, SS Huynh, JT Kossey, P AF Kuo, S. P. Kuo, Steven S. Huynh, James T. Kossey, Paul TI Precipitation of trapped relativistic electrons by amplified whistler waves in the magnetosphere SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BELT; CHAOTIC MOTION; VLF EMISSIONS; MODE WAVES; CHORUS; COHERENT; SIGNALS; EVENTS; GROWTH AB Numerical study of a loss-cone negative mass instability to amplify whistler waves by energetic electrons in the radiation belts is presented. The results show that a very low intensity whistler wave can be amplified by 50 keV electrons more than 25 dB, consistent with the Siple experimental result [Helliwell , J. Geophys. Res. 85, 3360 (1980)]. The dependencies of the amplification factor on the energetic electron density and on the initial wave intensity are evaluated. It is shown that the amplification factor decreases as the initial wave intensity increases. However, this gain can still exceed 15 dB for a 30 dB increase of the initial wave intensity, which is needed for the purpose of precipitating MeV electrons in the radiation belts. We then show that there exists a double resonance situation, by which, as an example, a wave is simultaneously in cyclotron resonance with 50 keV electrons as well as with 1.5 MeV electrons; the wave is first amplified by 50 keV electrons and then precipitates 1.5 MeV electrons. With the aid of the cyclotron resonance, the threshold field for the commencement of chaos in the electron trajectories is reduced considerably from that for a general case. Pitch angle scattering of 1.5 MeV electrons is demonstrated. The results show that a whistler wave with magnetic field amplitude of 0.08% of the background magnetic field can scatter electrons from an initial pitch angle of 86.5 degrees to a pitch angle < 50 degrees. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. Raytheon Space & Airborne Syst, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kuo, SP (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2007 VL 14 IS 6 AR 062903 DI 10.1063/1.2743618 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 184FI UT WOS:000247626100031 ER PT J AU Balci, Y Balci, S Eggers, J MacDonald, WL Juzwik, J Long, RP Gottschalk, KW AF Balci, Y. Balci, S. Eggers, J. MacDonald, W. L. Juzwik, J. Long, R. P. Gottschalk, K. W. TI Phytophthora spp. associated with forest soils in eastern and north-central US oak ecosystems SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE oak decline; Phytophthora cinnamomi ID SP-NOV.; QUERCUS-ROBUR; ROOT-ROT; CINNAMOMI; DECLINE; CALIFORNIA; TREES; INVOLVEMENT; FRANCE; STANDS AB A survey of soils associated with oak species was conducted in 2003 and 2004 in Indiana, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, and Wisconsin to investigate the occurrence of Phytophthora spp. Soils taken from around the base of healthy and declining oak trees were flooded with H2O and Quercus robur leaflets were used as bait for Phytophthora spp. From 829 soil samples collected near trees, 21% were positive for Phytophthora spp., with 55% of the 125 sites surveyed yielding a Phytophthora sp. Phytophthora cinnamomi was the most frequently isolated species, representing 69.4% of the Phytophthora-infested sites surveyed. Other species, in decreasing order of isolation frequency were Phytophthora sp. 2, P. citricola, P. europaea, P. cambivora, P. quercina-like isolates, and Phytoplithora sp. 1. No significant association was found between the presence of Phytophthora organisms and site characteristics such as latitude, elevation, soil pH, or the crown condition of the trees. However, in P. cinnamomi-infested sites, a significant association was found with the deteriorating crown status of Q. alba and the presence of P. cinnamomi. The absence of P cinnamomi above the 40 degrees N latitude range also was noteworthy. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USAF, No Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Balci, Y (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, 1090 S Agr Sci Bldg, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM YiBalci@mail.wvu.edu RI Balci, Yilmaz/B-3420-2013 NR 55 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 BP 705 EP 710 DI 10.1094/PDIS-91-6-0705 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 169KK UT WOS:000246590900008 ER PT J AU Williams, A Lindsell, C Rue, L Blomkalns, A AF Williams, Annette Lindsell, Christopher Rue, Laura Blomkalns, Andra TI Emergency Department education improves patient knowledge of coronary artery disease risk factors but not the accuracy of their own risk perception SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE coronary artery disease; risk factors; patient education ID TRIAL AB Background. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the single largest killer of both males and females in the United States. The Emergency Department (ED) represents a unique environment in which patient education may improve coronary artery disease risk factor knowledge and relative risk perception. ED patients' understanding of CAD risk factors is often limited. Patients' perception of their own risk is often not a reflection of their true risk. We hypothesized that an American Heart Association educational video intervention would improve patients' knowledge of coronary artery disease risk factors and personal risk awareness in the ED setting. Methods. IRB approval was obtained for this prospective observational cohort study. Our trial included 100 adult patients (age IS and over), both male and female, using the ED population at an inner city tertiary care Level I trauma center hospital as our source of participants. Recruitment of patients began in January 2002 and ended in May 2004. Results. Patients who watched the educational video did improve their knowledge of cardiac risk factors significantly when compared to patients who received no educational video intervention. In our study, this information was not retained at 30-day follow-up. However, there was still significant improvement in their knowledge when compared to baseline scores pre-intervention. Patients overestimated their risk when compared to an objective measure of risk. In both the study and control groups, patients significantly overestimated their risk pre-educational intervention, immediately post-educational intervention, and at 30-day follow-up when compared to an objective measure of risk. Conclusions. Simple educational intervention at a teachable moment (i.e. when a patient is experiencing chest pain in the ED) significantly improves patient's knowledge of CAD risk factors immediately post-intervention. This improvement in knowledge is not fully retained at 30-day follow-up, which suggests that patients may benefit from further educational intervention prior to I month follow-up. Patients overestimate their risk when compared to an objective measure of risk, regardless of whether they receive an educational intervention or not. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Williams, A (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59th Med Wing,2200 Bergquist Dr Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM annettelwilliams@gmail.com OI Lindsell, Christopher/0000-0002-3297-2811 NR 2 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 6 BP 520 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.01.011 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 184OL UT WOS:000247651200011 PM 17336373 ER PT J AU Johnson, PL Flake, EM AF Johnson, Patti L. Flake, Eric M. TI Maternal depression and child outcomes SO PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID MAJOR DEPRESSION; COMMUNITY SAMPLE; MOTHERS; RISK; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; VULNERABILITY; TRANSMISSION; PARENTS; MODEL C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, MCHJP, Pediat Psychol Fellowship Program, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USAF, Med Corps, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Johnson, PL (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, MCHJP, Pediat Psychol Fellowship Program, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. EM Patti.johnson@amedd.army.mil NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0048-5713 J9 PSYCHIAT ANN JI Psychiatr. Ann. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 37 IS 6 BP 404 EP 410 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 179YQ UT WOS:000247327000006 ER PT J AU Wells, LA AF Wells, Leonard A. TI Marine layer stratus study SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE marine layer; sky cover; temperature; precipitation; visibility; winds ID FOG; CALIFORNIA AB The intent of this study is to develop a better understanding of the behavior of late spring through early fall marine layer stratus and fog at Vandenberg Air Force Base, which accounts for a majority of aviation forecasting difficulties. The main objective was to use LEIPPER (1995) study as a starting point to evaluate synoptic and mesoscale processes involved, and identify specific meteorological parameters that affected the behavior of marine layer stratus and fog. After identifying those parameters, the study evaluates how well the various weather models forecast them. The main conclusion of this study is that weak upper-air dynamic features work with boundary layer motions to influence marine layer behavior. It highlights the importance of correctly forecasting the surface temperature by showing how it ties directly to the wind field. That wind field, modified by the local terrain, establishes the low-level convergence and divergence pattern and the resulting marine layer cloud thicknesses and visibilities. C1 Vandenberg AFB, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. RP Wells, LA (reprint author), Vandenberg AFB, 30th Weather Squadron, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. EM Leonard.wells@afccc.af.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 164 IS 6-7 BP 1397 EP 1421 DI 10.1007/s00024-007-0225-4 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 195AL UT WOS:000248384800017 ER PT J AU Hong, L Wicker, D AF Hong, Lang Wicker, Devert TI A spatial-domain multiresolutional particle filter with thresholded wavelets SO SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE particle filters; nonlinear/non-Gaussian estimation; computational efficiency; multiresolutional processing techniques; wavelets ID GROUND TARGET TRACKING AB Particle filters have been proven to be very effective for nonlinear/non-Gaussian filtering. However, the most notorious disadvantage of a particle filter is its formidable computational complexity, since hundreds (even thousands) of particles are usually needed to achieve a required approximation accuracy. It has also been proven that one of the techniques of truly solving a computational problem is multiresolutional processing, both in temporal and spatial domains. Therefore, in this paper we propose a multiresolutional particle filter in the spatial domain using thresholded wavelets to reduce significantly the number of particles, meanwhile maintaining the full strength of a particle filter. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Target Recognit Branch, SNAT, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hong, L (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM lang.hong@wright.edu; Devert.Wicker@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1684 J9 SIGNAL PROCESS JI Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1384 EP 1401 DI 10.1016/j.sigpro.2006.12.005 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 151QN UT WOS:000245305700016 ER PT J AU Mann, CR Baldwin, RO Kharoufeh, JP Mullins, BE AF Mann, Christopher R. Baldwin, Rusty O. Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P. Mullins, Barry E. TI A trajectory-based selective broadcast query protocol for large-scale, high-density wireless sensor networks SO TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE search algorithms; service and content location; wireless sensor networks ID DATA-CENTRIC STORAGE; ENERGY-EFFICIENT AB We present a small-footprint search protocol designed to facilitate any-type queries for data content and services in large population, high-density wireless sensor networks. Our protocol, termed Trajectory-based Selective Broadcast Query (TSBQ), works in conjunction with time division multiple access- or schedule-based medium access control protocols to reduce per-query energy expenditure. We compare the performance of TSBQ to unicast- and local broadcast-based search algorithms and also determine a critical node density based on the energy expended by nodes to transmit and receive. Minimal energy expenditure is achieved by determining the optimal number of data/service replicates and the number of nodes designated to receive each query transmission. Numerical results indicate that TSBQ significantly reduces the total energy expenditure of a network as compared to unicast and local broadcast-based search protocols. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Snell Engn Ctr 334, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Mann, CR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.mann@afit.edu; rusty.baldwin@afit.edu; jkharoufeh@coe.neu.edu; barry.mullins@afit.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1018-4864 EI 1572-9451 J9 TELECOMMUN SYST JI Telecommun. Syst. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s11235-007-9041-5 PG 20 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 213HU UT WOS:000249658300005 ER PT J AU McLanahan, ED Campbell, JL Ferguson, DC Harmon, B Hedge, JM Crofton, KM Mattie, DR Braverman, L Keys, DA Mumtaz, M Fisher, JW AF McLanahan, Eva D. Campbell, Jerry L., Jr. Ferguson, Duncan C. Harmon, Barry Hedge, Joan M. Crofton, Kevin M. Mattie, David R. Braverman, Lewis Keys, Deborah A. Mumtaz, Moiz Fisher, Jeffrey W. TI Low-dose effects of ammonium perchlorate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of adult male rats pretreated with PCB126 SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE PCB126; perchlorate; rat; T-4; thyroid; TSH; UDPGT ID SODIUM-IODIDE SYMPORTER; ENZYME-INDUCTION; HORMONE; TRANSTHYRETIN; METABOLISM; THYROXINE; CONGENERS; CHEMICALS; TOXICITY; BINDING AB The objective of this research was to characterize the disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis resulting from exposure to a binary mixture, 3,3',4,4',5-5-entachlorobiphenyI (PCB126) and perchlorate (004), known to cause hypothyroidism by different modes of action. Two studies were conducted to determine the HPT axis effects of ClO4- on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with PCB126. In dosing study 1, rats were administered a single oral dose of PCB126 (0, 7.5, or 75 mu g/kg) on day 0 and 9 days later ClO4- (0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/kg day) was added to the drinking water until euthanasia on day 22. Significant dose-dependent trends were found for all thyroid function indices measured following ClO4- in drinking water for 14 days. Seventy-five micrograms PCB126[kg resulted in a significant increase in hepatic T-4-glucuronide formation, causing a decline in serum thyroxine and fF(4), and resulting in increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Serum TSH was also increased in animals that received 7.5 mu g PCB126/kg; no other HPT axis alterations were found in these animals. When pretreated with PCB126, the ClO4 dose trends disappeared, suggesting a less than additive effect on the HPT axis. In dosing study 11, animals were given lower doses of PCB126 (0, 0.075, 0.75, or 7.5 mu g/kg) on day 0, and followed with 004 (0 or 0.01 mg/kg day) in drinking water beginning on day I and continuing for several days to explore transient HPT axis effects. No statistical effects were seen for PCB126 or ClO4- alone, and no perturbations were found when administered sequentially in dosing study II. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that HPT axis disturbances following exposure to ClO4- are less than additive when pretreated with relatively high doses of PCB126. At relatively low doses, at or near the no-observed-effect-level for PCB126 and ClO4-, no interactions between the chemicals occur. C1 Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effect Directorate, Biosci & Protect Div,Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Diabet & Nutr Ctr, Endocrinol Sect, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Stat & Modeling Supporting Informed Decis, Athens, GA 30606 USA. Agcy Tox Subst, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McLanahan, ED (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Environm Hlth Sci Dept 206, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM evad@uga.edu RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Braverman, Lewis/0000-0003-1263-1099 FU PHS HHS [U61/ATU472105-02, U61/ATU472105-03, U61/ATU472105-04, U61/ATU472105-05] NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 97 IS 2 BP 308 EP 317 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfm063 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 177UO UT WOS:000247178200010 PM 17379623 ER PT J AU Fryer, JF Delwart, E Hecht, FM Bernardin, F Jones, MS Shah, N Baylis, SA AF Fryer, Jacqueline F. Delwart, Eric Hecht, Frederick M. Bernardin, Flavien Jones, Morris S. Shah, Nita Baylis, Sally A. TI Frequent detection of the parvoviruses, PARV4 and PARV5, in plasma from blood donors and symptomatic individuals SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID B19 INFECTION; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLES; INACTIVATION; VARIANT AB Background: Plasma pools used in the manufacture of blood- and plasma-derived medicinal products are frequently contaminated with parvovirus B19. The presence of the novel human parvovirus PARV4 and a related variant PARV5 in manufacturing plasma pools was recently demonstrated. Another recently identified parvovirus, human bocavirus (HBoV), has been identified in respiratory samples from children with lower respiratory tract disease. Study Design and Methods: Recent and archived manufacturing plasma pools, as well as plasma from healthy blood donors (individual donations; pools of 16 donations) and febrile patients, were examined for the presence of PARV4 and PARV5 with conventional and TaqMan polymerase chain reaction assays. In addition, highly sensitive assays were used to examine the presence of HBoV DNA in manufacturing pools. Results: Of 351 recent manufacturing plasma pool samples, 14 (4%) tested positive for the presence of PARV4 and PARV5. This frequency was elevated in the archived pools. Viral loads ranged from less than 100 up to 4 million copies per mL plasma, with some pools containing a mixture of both viruses. In individual plasma samples from healthy blood donors and febrile patients, the frequencies of detection were 2 and 6 percent, respectively. No HBoV sequences were identified in manufacturing plasma pools (n = 167). Conclusion: PARV4 and PARV5 are readily detected in manufacturing plasma pools, test pools (constructed from 16 donations), and individual donations derived from healthy blood donors. The prevalence of these viruses was increased in plasma samples from febrile patients. Despite the use of highly sensitive assays for HBoV, it was not possible to identify manufacturing plasma pools containing HBoV sequences. C1 Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USAF, Ctr Med, Clin Invest Facil, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Baylis, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Blanche Lane, Div Virol, S Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. EM sbaylis@nibsc.ac.uk OI Delwart, Eric/0000-0002-6296-4484 NR 24 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1054 EP 1061 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01235.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 171DG UT WOS:000246714500017 PM 17524097 ER PT J AU Lee, KH Cha, SI Ryu, HJ Dilmore, MF Hong, SH AF Lee, Kyong H. Cha, Seung I. Ryu, Ho J. Dilmore, Morris F. Hong, Soon H. TI Effect of mechanical alloying process on microstructure and mechanical properties of ODS tungsten heavy alloys SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Metastable and Nano-Materials (ISMANAM-2005) CY JUL 03-07, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE DE tungsten heavy alloy; oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS); mechanical alloying (MA); microstructure; mechanical properties ID DYNAMIC DEFORMATION; PENETRATION; METALS; STRAIN AB The microstructure and mechanical properties of mechanically alloyed oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) tungsten heavy alloys were investigated. Three different mechanical alloying processes, such as one-step mechanical alloying process, two-step mechanical alloying process, and mechanical alloying and mixing process, were performed in order to control the microstructure and mechanical properties of ODS tungsten heavy alloys. The partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) dispersoids tend to be dispersed in tungsten grains rather than the binder matrix when the powders were prepared by two-step mechanical alloying or mechanical alloying and mixing process. The yield strength of ODS tungsten heavy alloy increased with decreasing the binder mean thickness, but was not dependent on location of oxide dispersoids. The elongation and high temperature strength of ODS tungsten heavy alloys increased with increasing the content of PSZ dispersoids. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, DUPIC, Taejon 305353, South Korea. USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Hong, SH (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 373-1 Kusung Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM shhong@kaist.ac.kr RI Hong, Soon Hyung/C-1943-2011; RYU, HO JIN/J-2764-2013 OI RYU, HO JIN/0000-0002-3387-7381 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 434 SI SI BP 433 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.08.284 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 165EN UT WOS:000246286900110 ER PT J AU Beach, TL Baragona, CA AF Beach, Theodore L. Baragona, Curtis A. TI Quasiperiodic scintillation and data interpretation: Nongeophysical GPS amplitude fluctuations due to intersatellite interference SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SIGNALS; VELOCITY AB [1] Spectrograms of high-rate Global Positioning System (GPS) power data at the L1 frequency (1.57542 GHz) commonly show patterns of fluctuation frequency with respect to time that resemble quasiperiodic scintillation observations. These fluctuation patterns have probably not been noted in the past because of the low sampling frequencies and coarse quantization of power measurements in most GPS receivers. We demonstrate that the source of these fluctuations is usually not edge-type diffraction from steep ionospheric gradients, as is often hypothesized for quasiperiodic scintillation, despite some features consistent with ionospheric generation. Instead, in most cases these spectrogram patterns derive from intersatellite signal interference between pairs of coarse/ acquisition (C/A) codes broadcast on L1. As evidence of this mechanism, we show that most spectrogram features appear on pairs of satellite tracking channels and that the patterns can be reproduced using a multisatellite GPS simulator. We also model the spectrogram patterns, both with regard to the basic GPS C/A code correlation process and the differential Doppler shift conditions that cause the fluctuations. In this latter respect, the GPS quasiperiodic scintillation observations bear resemblance to a mechanism discussed by L. A. Hajkowicz for traditional satellite beacons. Despite the complex nature of the intersatellite interference phenomenon, we can model when the spectrogram patterns are expected to appear. Thus one can screen out these time-varying interference patterns to find potential occurrences of actual ionospheric edge diffraction in spectrograms. The intersatellite interference phenomenon is also of general interest to GPS radio engineering. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Beach, TL (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM theodore.beach@hanscom.af.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAY 31 PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 AR RS3010 DI 10.1029/2006RS003532 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 174OX UT WOS:000246952900001 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Maguire, JF AF Vaia, Richard A. Maguire, John F. TI Polymer nanocomposites with prescribed morphology: Going beyond nanoparticle-filled polymers SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; NYLON 6-CLAY HYBRID; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; HOLOGRAPHIC PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; EPOXY NANOCOMPOSITES AB Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), i.e. nanoparticles (spheres, rods, and plates) dispersed in a polymer matrix, have garnered substantial academic and industrial interest since their inception, ca. 1990. With respect to the neat matrix, nanoparticle dispersion has been shown to enhance physical (e.g., barrier, erosion resistance, and reduced flammability), thermomechanical (e.g., heat distortion temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, and stiffness), and processing (e.g., surface finish and melt strength) characteristics. Beyond maximization of the nanoparticle dispersion, however, the morphology of these materials is many times uncontrolled, yielding isotropic nanofilled systems, not necessarily spatially "engineered, designed and tailored" materials. To impact high-technology applications requiring unique electrical, thermal, and optical properties, manufacturing techniques enabling control of the nanoparticle arrangement and distribution must be developed. This paper will examine the status of approaches for directing the hierarchical morphology of nanoparticle dispersions in three dimensions, and beyond uniaxial alignment, using examples from the literature to highlight the potential and issues. Ultimately, two general approaches to this challenge are emerging, namely, external-in (directed patterning of nanoparticle dispersions) and internal-out (mesophase assembly of nanoparticles). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI Zhou, Feng/E-9510-2011 NR 173 TC 299 Z9 304 U1 21 U2 217 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 29 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 11 BP 2736 EP 2751 DI 10.1021/cm062693+ PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 170EM UT WOS:000246645100012 ER PT J AU Mishin, EV Marcos, FA Burke, WJ Cooke, DL Roth, C Petrov, VP AF Mishin, E. V. Marcos, F. A. Burke, W. J. Cooke, D. L. Roth, C. Petrov, V. P. TI Prompt thermospheric response to the 6 November 2001 magnetic storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; SUBAURORAL ION DRIFTS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; F-REGION; ART.; MODEL; DISTURBANCES; IONOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; DENSITY AB [1] Thermospheric densities observed by the STAR accelerometer on CHAMP, near 400 km altitude, are used to examine the response to the major geomagnetic storm on 6 November 2001. This is the first large storm studied with CHAMP data at these near dawn-dusk local times. New features of the neutral density response at both global and local temporal/spatial scales have been revealed. Prompt response of the neutral atmosphere observed at the beginning of the storm was enriched by short- and meso-scale perturbations. Simultaneous observations of electromagnetic and ionospheric plasma perturbations and particle precipitations from the DMSP satellites, electron energy fluxes from NOAA-14 and Polar/UVI specified the energy source and the time delay. The suggested mechanism for this prompt thermospheric response appears to be due mainly to enhanced perpendicular electric fields. Large-scale, global changes caused by the geomagnetic storm show generally greater enhancements in the winter ( northern) hemisphere at both 0700 and 1900 local time and greater at 0700 LT than 1900 LT. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Field, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RAS, IZMIR, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Reg, Russia. AER Radex Inc, Lexington, MA USA. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 402 St Clements Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM evgenii.mishin@hanscom.af.mil; frank.marcos@hanscom.af.mil; william.burke@hanscom.af.mil; david.cooke@hanscom.af.mil; christopher.roth@hanscom.af.mil; vpetrov@umich.edu NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A5 AR A05313 DI 10.1029/2006JA011783 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 173CE UT WOS:000246850300002 ER PT J AU Samimy, M Debiasi, M Caraballo, E Serrani, A Yuan, X Little, J Myatt, JH AF Samimy, M. Debiasi, M. Caraballo, E. Serrani, A. Yuan, X. Little, J. Myatt, J. H. TI Feedback control of subsonic cavity flows using reduced-order models SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; STOCHASTIC ESTIMATION; MIXING LAYER; NUMBER FLOW; VELOCITY; RESONANCE; DYNAMICS AB Development, experimental implementation, and the results of reduced-order model based feedback control of subsonic shallow cavity flows are presented and discussed. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) data and the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique are used to extract the most energetic flow features or POD eigenmodes. The Galerkin projection of the Navier-Stokes equations onto these modes is used to derive a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which govern the time evolution of the eigenmodes, for the controller design. Stochastic estimation is used to correlate surface pressure data with flow-field data and dynamic surface pressure measurements are used to estimate the state of the flow. Five sets of PIV snapshots of a Mach 0.3 cavity flow with a Reynolds Dumber of 105 based on the cavity depth are used to derive five different reduced-order models for the controller design. One model uses only the snapshots from the baseline (unforced) flow while the other four models each use snapshots from the baseline flow combined with snapshots from an open-loop sinusoidal forcing case. Linear-quadratic optimal controllers based on these models are designed to reduce cavity flow resonance and are evaluated experimentally. The results obtained with feedback control show a significant attenuation of the resonant tone and a redistribution of the energy into other modes with smaller energy levels in both the flow and surface pressure spectra. This constitutes a significant improvement in comparison with the results obtained using open-loop forcing. These results affirm that reduced-order model based feedback control represents a formidable alternative to open-loop strategies in cavity flow control problems even in its current state of infancy. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Collaborat Ctr Control Sci, Gas Dynam & Turbulence Lab, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Collaborat Ctr Control Sci, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Samimy, M (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Collaborat Ctr Control Sci, Gas Dynam & Turbulence Lab, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. EM Samimy.1@osu.edu RI Serrani, Andrea/A-2408-2008; Little, Jesse/J-7808-2012 NR 66 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 579 BP 315 EP 346 DI 10.1017/S0022112007005204 PG 32 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 175OT UT WOS:000247023600012 ER PT J AU Takekoshi, T Knize, RJ AF Takekoshi, T. Knize, R. J. TI Optical guiding of atoms through a hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONSTANTS; LIGHT AB We demonstrate the first guiding of atoms through a hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber. Rb atoms from a thermal oven source travel through 6.1 and 4.0 cm long fibers with a guiding potential 1/e(2) radius of 3.0 mu m. When the photon scattering rate is small, the observed guiding efficiency is greater than 70%. An unexpected low-speed cutoff is attributed to inefficient optical coupling. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Takekoshi, T (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 21 AR 210404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.210404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 172AI UT WOS:000246776100004 PM 17677754 ER PT J AU Lin, CS Yeh, HC Sandel, BR Goldstein, J Rich, FJ Burke, WJ Foster, JC AF Lin, Chin S. Yeh, Huey-Ching Sandel, Bill R. Goldstein, J. Rich, Frederick J. Burke, William J. Foster, J. C. TI Magnetospheric convection near a drainage plume SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUBAURORAL POLARIZATION STREAM; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER; ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; GREAT MAGNETIC STORM; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; DENSITY STRUCTURES; ART.; PLASMASPHERE; MODEL AB [1] We report on equatorial convection associated with a plasmaspheric drainage plume using simultaneous observations from five satellites. During the early recovery phase of the July 2000 Bastille Day magnetic storm, the Extreme Ultraviolet sensor on the Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration satellite detected the plume near 16:00-17:00 magnetic local time extending outward to L approximate to 2.8. The plasmaspheric boundary was near L = 2 at other local times. We mapped simultaneously measured ionospheric plasma drifts from ROCSAT-1 and three Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft along magnetic field lines to infer equatorial convection velocities in the inner magnetosphere. The zonal component of convection derived from ROCSAT-1 ion-drift measurements had a sharp, positive azimuthal gradient near the plume's boundaries, reversing direction from westward to eastward. The meridional profile of horizontal velocities deduced from DMSP measurements shows a large, westward-flowing subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) located outside the plasmapause. The peak velocity of the SAPS centered at a radial distance of L approximate to 2.8 with a full width of similar to 1 R-E. In the inertial frame of reference, equatorial plasmas flowed toward the plume from both its day and evening sides, suggesting a negative gradient in the equatorial azimuthal velocity that was largest near the plume's outermost boundary. These observations provide new evidence about diversion of SAPS plasma flows and distinctive azimuthal velocity patterns in the vicinity of plasmaspheric plumes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. RP Lin, CS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB,29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM chin.lin@hanscom.af.mil NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 24 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A5 AR A05216 DI 10.1029/2006JA011819 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 173CC UT WOS:000246850100002 ER PT J AU Rich, FJ Bono, JM Burke, WJ Gentile, LC AF Rich, F. J. Bono, J. M. Burke, W. J. Gentile, L. C. TI A space-based proxy for the Dst index SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; RING CURRENT; ART.; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB [1] The Dst index was created to monitor and quantify disturbances in the inner magnetosphere using ground-based, magnetic field measurements. The phases and strengths of geomagnetic storms are usually defined by the evolution of Dst. The standard Dst database is computed and maintained at the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. We demonstrate that the Dst index can also be approximated using magnetometers on spacecraft in near-Earth orbit. Measurements used in the demonstration were obtained from boom-mounted sensors on two spacecraft of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. The extraction technique can be applied to magnetic field data retrieved by magnetometers on any spacecraft in low Earth orbit. This alternate method for computing a Dst-like index can be used to ( 1) supplement the standard Dst index in near-real-time space weather applications and ( 2) replace the "prompt'' Dst index during intervals of unavailability. C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rich, FJ (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM frederick.rich@hanscom.af.mil; james.bono@hanscom.af.mil; william.burke2@hanscom.af.mil; louise.gentile@hanscom.af.mil NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 18 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A5 AR A05211 DI 10.1029/2006JA011586 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 172YO UT WOS:000246840900001 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, LI AF Perlovsky, Leonid I. TI Cognitive high level information fusion SO INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fusion; sensors; communications; computational linguistics; mind; symbols; dynamic logic; emotions; concepts; evolving systems ID SENSOR FUSION; EXPLOITATION AB Fusion of sensor and communication data currently can only be performed at a late processing stage after sensor and textual information are formulated as logical statements at appropriately high level of abstraction. Contrary to this it seems, the human mind integrates sensor and language signals seamlessly, before signals are understood, at pre-conceptual level. Learning of conceptual contents of the surrounding world depends on language and vice versa. The paper describes a mathematical technique for such integration. It combines fuzzy dynamic logic with dual cognitive-language models. The paper briefly discusses relationships between the proposed mathematical technique, working of the mind and applications to understanding-based search engines. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Harvard Univ, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Perlovsky, LI (reprint author), Harvard Univ, 80 Scott Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM leonid@deas.harvard.edu NR 71 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0020-0255 J9 INFORM SCIENCES JI Inf. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 177 IS 10 BP 2099 EP 2118 DI 10.1016/j.ins.2006.12.026 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 158ML UT WOS:000245795500006 ER PT J AU Harrison, J Sambandam, SN Boeckl, JJ Mitchel, WC Collins, WE Lu, WJ AF Harrison, Jeremy Sambandam, Senthil N. Boeckl, John J. Mitchel, W. C. Collins, W. E. Lu, Weijie TI Evaluation of metal-free carbon nanotubes formed by SiC thermal decomposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE DECOMPOSITION; SILICON-CARBIDE; FILMS; GROWTH; OXYGEN AB Thermal decomposition on SiC surface at high temperature and at low residual oxygen pressure yields a thin film of metal-free carbon nanotubes (CNTs) aligned on the SiC. In this study, CNT films on carbon-face 4H-SiC are produced under vacuum from 10(-3) to 10(-7) Torr and at temperatures ranging from 1400 to 1700 degrees C. Ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) technique is applied to investigate the structure of the CNT films. It is found that two thin interfacial layers on the top and bottom of the CNTs are crucial in modeling the film structure from the SE data. We suggest a five layer structural model that consists of a CNT film as the main component, two interfacial layers, an amorphous carbon layer, and a surface roughness layer. This structural model based on the SE measurements is confirmed by cross-section transmission electron microscopy and can be applied for all CNT/SiC structures grown at various pressures and temperatures. At the growth pressure of 10(-5) Torr, the CNT layer on SiC consists of 30%-50% CNTs, 35%-60% voids, and 5%-12% amorphous carbon in volume. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fisk Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Fisk Univ, Ctr Phys & Chem Mat, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, WJ (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM wlu@fisk.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 10 AR 104311 DI 10.1063/1.2732547 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173RZ UT WOS:000246891500132 ER PT J AU Sharma, AK Logofatu, PC Mayberry, CS Brueck, SRJ Islam, NE AF Sharma, A. K. Logofatu, P. C. Mayberry, C. S. Brueck, S. R. J. Islam, N. E. TI Effects of dimensional nanoscaling on the optical and electrical properties of crystalline Si thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-OXIDATION; DRY OXYGEN; SILICON; TECHNOLOGY; ENHANCEMENT; GROWTH; HF AB Thin film Si structures between 10 and 200 nm in thickness and configured into two terminal metal-semiconductor-metal structures have been characterized for optical and electrical properties. Dark currents, spectral response, dc quantum efficiency, and ultrafast time response up to 400 nm femtosecond laser illuminations at low fields have been studied. Dark currents and dc photocurrent measurements showed an increase in the film conductivity between 75 and 35 nm, suggesting an increase in the carrier effective velocities due to confinement. An increase in the carrier effective velocity below 75 nm was also confirmed through the transient response analysis. The measured spectral responses are in good agreement with Fresnel's theoretical model for thin film coupling. The electron-limited transient signal has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) approximately 40 ps for the 10 nm Si film as compared to 490 ps for a 200 nm structure. For a hole-limited transit time signal the FWHM was about 82 ps for the 10 nm film as compared to 2.5 ns for the 200 nm film reduction in FWHM for both electrons and holes for the 10 nm film, signifying that carriers travel much faster as the film thickness is reduced. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Natl Inst Laser Plasma & Radiat Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sharma, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM islamn@missouri.edu RI Logofatu, Petre/B-7070-2011; Brueck, Steven/A-6383-2013; OI Brueck, Steven/0000-0001-8754-5633 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 10 AR 104914 DI 10.1063/1.2737983 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 173RZ UT WOS:000246891500168 ER PT J AU Kuzucu, O Wong, FNC Zelmon, DE Hegde, SM Roberts, TD Battle, P AF Kuzucu, Onur Wong, Franco N. C. Zelmon, David E. Hegde, Shrikrishna M. Roberts, Tony D. Battle, Philip TI Generation of 250 mW narrowband pulsed ultraviolet light by frequency quadrupling of an amplified erbium-doped fiber laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLED LITHIUM TANTALATE; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; EFFICIENT AB We demonstrate a high-power, narrowband pulsed source at 390 nm by two stages of frequency doubling in periodically poled MgO: LiNbO3 and periodically poled KTiOPO4 of an amplified, passively mode-locked fiber laser. With a frequency quadrupling efficiency of 5.5% and a 0.1 nm bandwidth, the 250 mW ultraviolet source is a suitable compact pump source for many entanglement-based quantum information processing tasks. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. AdvR Inc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Kuzucu, O (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM onur@alum.mit.edu NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1290 EP 1292 DI 10.1364/OL.32.001290 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 162WU UT WOS:000246121000032 PM 17440564 ER PT J AU Billock, VA Tsou, BH AF Billock, Vincent A. Tsou, Brian H. TI Neural interactions between flicker-induced self-organized visual hallucinations and physical stimuli SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE 1/f; MacKay effect; spatiotemporal pattern formation; spontaneous cortical activity; stochastic resonance ID FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE; ONGOING ACTIVITY; PATTERNS; CORTEX; NEUROSCIENCE; DYNAMICS; NEURONS AB Spontaneous pattern formation in cortical activity may have consequences for perception, but little is known about interactions between sensory-driven and self-organized cortical activity. To address this deficit, we explored the relationship between ordinary stimulus-controlled pattern perception and the autonomous hallucinatory geometrical pattern formation that occurs for unstructured visual stimulation (e.g., empty-field flicker). We found that flicker-induced hallucinations are biased by the presentation of adjacent geometrical stimuli; geometrical forms that map to cortical area V1 as orthogonal gratings are perceptually opponent in biasing hallucinations. Rotating fan blades and pulsating circular patterns are the most salient biased hallucinations. Apparent motion and fractal (1/f) noise are also effective in driving hallucinatory pattern formation (the latter is consistent with predictions of spatiotemporal pattern formation driven by stochastic resonance). The behavior of these percepts suggests that self-organized hallucinatory pattern formation in human vision is governed by the same cortical properties of localized processing, lateral inhibition, simultaneous contrast, and nonlinear retinotopic mapping that govern ordinary vision. C1 Gen Dynam Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Billock, VA (reprint author), Gen Dynam Inc, Suite 200,5200 Springfield Pike, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM vince.billock@gd-ais.com NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 15 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 20 BP 8490 EP 8495 DI 10.1073/pnas.0610813104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 169NW UT WOS:000246599900054 PM 17470794 ER PT J AU Elim, HI Anandakathir, R Jakubiak, R Chiang, LY Ji, W Tan, LS AF Elim, Hendry I. Anandakathir, Robinson Jakubiak, Rachel Chiang, Long Y. Ji, Wei Tan, Loon-Seng TI Large concentration-dependent nonlinear optical responses of starburst diphenylaminofluorenocarbonyl methano[60]fullerene pentads SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATE ABSORPTION; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; LIMITING PROPERTIES; C-60-DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE DYAD; FULLERENE DERIVATIVES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; C-60; NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT; EMISSION AB We demonstrate an approach toward the design of starburst C-60-keto-DPAF assembly by applying a starburst macromolecular configuration with C-60 as the core center, which is encapsulated by multiple bulky groups leading to the increase of intermolecular separation and aggregation barrier. Molecular compositions of the resulting C-60(> DPAF-C-9)(2) triad and C-60(> DPAF-C-9)(4) pentads were clearly confirmed by MALDI-MS (positive ion) detection of protonated molecular mass ions. Both C-60(> DPAF-C-9), 2 and C-60(> DPAF-C-9)(4) (structural isomers, 3a and 3b) exhibited nonlinear optical transmittance reduction responses in the femtosecond (fs) region with a lower transmittance value for the latter at the high laser power above 80 GW cm(-2). This was attributed to the larger fs 2PA cross-section values of 3a and 3b than that of 2 at the same concentration and, apparently, correlated to a higher number of DPAF-C-9 subunits in the structure of 3. As the concentration was decreased to 10(-4) M, a clear monotonous increase of the sigma(2) value change (Delta sigma(2)) from 13.9, 33.2, to 48.1 and 68.2 x 10(-48) cm(4) s photon(-1) molecule(-1) (or 6820 GM for the latter) for the structural variation from the monoadduct 1, bisadduct 2, to tetraadducts 3b and 3a, respectively, was observed. We interpreted the concentration-dependent phenomenon as being due to the high tendency of fullerene-DPAF chromophores to form nanoscale aggregates at concentrations above 10(-3) M. We also proposed that starburst structures, as exemplified by C-60(> DPAF-C-9)(4), in a multipolar arrangement resembling encapsulation Of C-60 by DPAF-C-9 pendants, provide a useful means to increase the degree of molecular dispersion and maintain high nonlinear optical efficiency. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chiang, LY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Long_Chiang@uml.edu; phyjiwei@nus.edu.sg; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Elim, Hendry/C-5328-2008; JI, WEI/H-5795-2015; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Elim, Hendry/0000-0002-4272-7115; JI, WEI/0000-0003-0303-0830; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 46 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD MAY 14 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 18 BP 1826 EP 1838 DI 10.1039/b615697e PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 170VL UT WOS:000246694200021 ER PT J AU Sharma, RD AF Sharma, Ramesh D. TI Contribution of the polarizability anisotropy to Rayleigh scattering SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING AB A calculation from first principles of the differential cross section for Rayleigh scattering shows that the contribution of polarizability anisotropy found in the literature is valid only in the high rotational quantum number limit of the vector coupling coefficients, that is, in the high-temperature or classical limit. The additional term in the total Rayleigh scattering cross section arising from the polarizability anisotropy is about four times smaller than what is called the King factor in the literature. These errors, resulting from ignoring the constraints imposed by the conservation of angular momentum, can lead to significant corrections in estimating populations from stratospheric and mesospheric measurements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicel Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sharma, RD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicel Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ramesh.sharma@hanscom.af.mil NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 12 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A5 AR A05306 DI 10.1029/2006JA011705 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 168CE UT WOS:000246499100001 ER PT J AU Stello, D Bruntt, H Kjeldsen, H Bedding, TR Arentoft, T Gilliland, RL Nuspl, J Kim, SL Kang, YB Koo, JR Lee, JA Sterken, C Lee, CU Jensen, HR Jacob, AP Szabo, R Frandsen, S Csubry, Z Dind, ZE Bouzid, MY Dall, TH Kiss, LL AF Stello, D. Bruntt, H. Kjeldsen, H. Bedding, T. R. Arentoft, T. Gilliland, R. L. Nuspl, J. Kim, S.-L. Kang, Y. B. Koo, J.-R. Lee, J.-A. Sterken, C. Lee, C.-U. Jensen, H. R. Jacob, A. P. Szabo, R. Frandsen, S. Csubry, Z. Dind, Z. E. Bouzid, M. Y. Dall, T. H. Kiss, L. L. TI Multisite campaign on the open cluster M67 - II. Evidence for solar-like oscillations in red giant stars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques : photometric; stars : oscillations; stars : variables : other; open clusters and associations : individual : M67 (NGC 2682) ID RESOLVED CCD PHOTOMETRY; ENSEMBLE PHOTOMETRY; PROPER MOTIONS; XI-HYDRAE; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; AMPLITUDES; PRECISION; MODELS; HYA AB Measuring solar-like oscillations in an ensemble of stars in a cluster, holds promise for testing stellar structure and evolution more stringently than just fitting parameters to single field stars. The most-ambitious attempt to pursue these prospects was by Gilliland et al. who targeted 11 turn-off stars in the open cluster M67 (NGC 2682), but the oscillation amplitudes were too small (< 20 mu mag) to obtain unambiguous detections. Like Gilliland et al. we also aim at detecting solar-like oscillations in M67, but we target red giant stars with expected amplitudes in the range 50-500 mu mag and periods of 1 to 8 h. We analyse our recently published photometry measurements, obtained during a six-week multisite campaign using nine telescopes around the world. The observations are compared with simulations and with estimated properties of the stellar oscillations. Noise levels in the Fourier spectra as low as 27 mu mag are obtained for single sites, while the combined data reach 19 mu mag, making this the best photometric time series of an ensemble of red giant stars. These data enable us to make the first test of the scaling relations (used to estimate frequency and amplitude) with an homogeneous ensemble of stars. The detected excess power is consistent with the expected signal from stellar oscillations, both in terms of its frequency range and amplitude. However, our results are limited by apparent high levels of non-white noise, which cannot be clearly separated from the stellar signal. C1 Aarhus Univ, Inst Fys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Aarhus Univ, Danish AsteroSeismol Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. Vrije Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Stello, D (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Inst Fys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. EM stello@physics.usyd.edu.au RI Kiss, Laszlo/A-2539-2008; OI Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Szabo, Robert/0000-0002-3258-1909; Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661 NR 39 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 11 PY 2007 VL 377 IS 2 BP 584 EP 594 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11585.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 161RE UT WOS:000246032400011 ER PT J AU Lin, B Malanoski, AP Wang, Z Blaney, KM Ligler, AG Rowley, RK Hanson, EH von Rosenvinge, E Ligler, FS Kusterbeck, AW Metzgar, D Barrozo, CP Russell, KL Tibbetts, C Schnur, JM Stenger, DA AF Lin, Baochuan Malanoski, Anthony P. Wang, Zheng Blaney, Kate M. Ligler, Adam G. Rowley, Robb K. Hanson, Eric H. von Rosenvinge, Erik Ligler, Frances S. Kusterbeck, Anne W. Metzgar, David Barrozo, Christopher P. Russell, Kevin L. Tibbetts, Clark Schnur, Joel M. Stenger, David A. TI Application of Broad-Spectrum, Sequence-Based Pathogen Identification in an Urban Population SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB A broad spectrum detection platform that provides sequence level resolution of target regions would have a significant impact in public health, case management, and means of expanding our understanding of the etiology of diseases. A previously developed respiratory pathogen microarray (RPM v.1) demonstrated the capability of this platform for this purpose. This newly developed RPM v.1 was used to analyze 424 well-characterized nasal wash specimens from patients presenting with febrile respiratory illness in the Washington, D. C. metropolitan region. For each specimen, the RPM v.1 results were compared against composite reference assay (viral and bacterial culture and, where appropriate, RT-PCR/PCR) results. Across this panel, the RPM assay showed >= 98% overall agreement for all the organisms detected compared with reference methods. Additionally, the RPM v.1 results provide sequence information which allowed phylogenetic classification of circulating influenza A viruses in similar to 250 clinical specimens, and allowed monitoring the genetic variation as well as antigenic variability prediction. Multiple pathogens (2-4) were detected in 58 specimens (13.7%) with notably increased abundances of respiratory colonizers (esp. S. pneumoniae) during viral infection. This first-ever comparison of a broad-spectrum viral and bacterial identification technology of this type against a large battery of conventional "gold standard'' assays confirms the utility of the approach for both medical surveillance and investigations of complex etiologies of illness caused by respiratory co-infections. C1 [Lin, Baochuan; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Ligler, Frances S.; Kusterbeck, Anne W.; Schnur, Joel M.; Stenger, David A.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Wang, Zheng; Blaney, Kate M.; Ligler, Adam G.] NOVA Res Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Rowley, Robb K.; Hanson, Eric H.; Tibbetts, Clark] Headquarters USAF Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. [von Rosenvinge, Erik] Malcolm Grow USAF Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. [Metzgar, David; Barrozo, Christopher P.; Russell, Kevin L.] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Dept Def, San Diego, CA USA. RP Lin, B (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM baochuan.lin@nrl.navy.mil RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 FU NRL; Office of Naval Research FX The funding for this research is provided by the NRL base program and the Office of Naval Research. This project would not be possible without the support from the Air Force Surgeon General Office, the Joint Program Executive Office and Defense Threat Reduction Agency during the Silent Guardian Demonstration Project. NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 9 PY 2007 VL 2 IS 5 AR e419 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000419 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10DX UT WOS:000207445800001 PM 17502915 ER PT J AU Yang, YD Qu, LT Dai, LM Kang, TS Durstock, M AF Yang, Yaodong Qu, Liangti Dai, Liming Kang, Tae-Sik Durstock, Michael TI Electrophoresis coating of titanium dioxide on aligned carbon nanotubes for controlled syntheses of photoelectronic nanomaterials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBON; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; METAL NANOPARTICLES; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; PATTERNED GROWTH; TIO2; FILMS; DEPOSITION; WATER; TEMPLATE AB Using electrophoresis for TiO2 coating and photoexcited electrons for metal-nanoparticle deposition, a facile method for the development of aligned coaxial nanowires of carbon nanotubes sheathed with TiO2 (see figure), and well-defined TiO2 nanomembranes decorated with and without metal nanoparticles, is developed. The TiO2-based nanostructures show fast photocurrent responses and possess unique photoinduced electron-transfer properties. C1 Univ Dayton, Sch English, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorare, Res Lab, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Sch English, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu RI Yang, Yaodong/B-4000-2009 OI Yang, Yaodong/0000-0002-1707-0633 NR 43 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 62 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 9 BP 1239 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200602181 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 170IZ UT WOS:000246658100013 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Kaspi, R Dente, GC Tilton, ML Chavez, J AF Ongstad, A. P. Kaspi, R. Dente, G. C. Tilton, M. L. Chavez, J. TI Midinfrared, optically pumped, unstable resonator laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; SEMICONDUCTOR AB The authors describe high-brightness, broad area midinfrared semiconductor lasers. These devices were fabricated in the authors' laboratory using a commercial solid-source molecular beam epitaxial system. The laser structures incorporated 14 type-II quantum wells embedded in thick waveguide/absorber regions composed of In0.2Ga0.8As0.18Sb0.82. The optically pumped devices achieved higher brightness operation as unstable resonators. Each unstable resonator was realized by polishing a diverging cylindrical mirror at one of the facets. For an unstable resonator semiconductor laser operating at similar to 4.6 mu m, near 84 K, and at a peak power of 6.7 W, the device was observed to be nearly diffraction limited at 25 times threshold. In comparison, a standard Fabry-Perot laser was observed to be many times diffraction limited when operated under similar conditions. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL DELS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Boeing Def & Space Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL DELS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM andrew.ongstad@kirtland.af.mil NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 19 AR 191107 DI 10.1063/1.2737426 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 166XF UT WOS:000246413400007 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, James R. TI Re: Acidosis, lactate, electrolytes, muscle enzymes, and other factors in the blood of Sus scrofa following repeated TASER (R) exposures SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Letter DE Acidosis; Electronic control devices; TASER (R); Lactate; Hyperkalaemia C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, 8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD MAY 3 PY 2007 VL 168 IS 1 BP E19 EP E19 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.12.004 PG 1 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA V15QW UT WOS:000207817500006 ER PT J AU Gorospe, M Fadare, O AF Gorospe, Maria Fadare, Oluwole TI Gastric mucosal calcinosis - Clinicopathologic considerations SO ADVANCES IN ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE stomach; gastric; calcification; calcinosis; calcium; calciphylaxis ID SOFT-TISSUE CALCIFICATION; TC-99M MDP; LUNG; HYPERCALCEMIA; THERAPY; STOMACH; PATIENT; UREMIA; CHILD AB Generally, gastric mucosal calcinosis (GMC) is only rarely encountered in routine biopsies. GMC may be classified as dystrophic, metastatic, or idiopathic. Metastatic calcification represents the most frequently encountered subtype, and refers to the deposition of calcium salts on largely normal tissues in the setting of an abnormal serum biochemical environment (hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and/or an elevated Ca x PO4 product). In contrast, dystrophic calcification implies calcification in inflammed, fibrotic, or otherwise altered tissue in the setting of a normal biochemical environment. The gastric mucosa, along with the kidneys and lungs, are preferential sites for metastatic calcification, a finding that has been attributed to the relative intracellular alkalinity at these sites. In addition to the wide variety of hypercalcemia and/or hyperphosphatemia-causing clinical conditions, GMC has also been associated with atrophic gastritis, hype rvitaminosis A, organ transplantation, gastric neoplasia, uremia with eucalcemia/euphosphatemia, and the use of aluminum-containing antacids, citrate-containing blood products, isotretinoin, and sucralfate. Although GMC has rarely been associated with epigastric pain and/or dyspepsia, most come to clinical attention owing to their accumulation of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals or represent a postmortem finding. The precise significance or mechanistic basis for GMC remains to be elucidated. However, their presence in gastric biopsies should be reported, as they may serve as an indicator for generalized metastatic calcification, especially in organs where they may be fatal, such as the heart. Furthermore, some examples of systemic calcification are reversible with normalization of biochemical parameters, which highlights the need for pathologists to report this finding when encountered in a premortem gastric biopsy. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Pathol Program, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-4109 J9 ADV ANAT PATHOL JI Adv. Anat. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 14 IS 3 BP 224 EP 228 DI 10.1097/PAP.0b013e31805048ea PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 165DS UT WOS:000246284700007 PM 17452819 ER PT J AU Riggins, D Taylor, T Terhune, L Moorhouse, D AF Riggins, D. Taylor, T. Terhune, L. Moorhouse, D. TI Methods for the design of energy efficient high speed aerospace vehicles SO AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYPERSONIC ENGINES; THRUST LOSSES; PERFORMANCE; PROPULSION AB This paper continues development of the fundamental analytical science, methodology and tools required for the analysis, design, and optimisation of high speed aerospace vehicles in terms of the efficient use of on-board energy. Specifically, it presents the complete second-law characterisation and related system-level energy management effectiveness for high-speed vehicles (coupling both aerodynamic and propulsive subsystems). Modelling of the fluid dynamics utilises high-level (multi -dimensional) flow-fields representative of generic configurations of interest. Capability has been recently developed which allows detailed second-law performance audits in terms of the 'common currency' of entropy generation for high-speed vehicles (involving complete synthesis of both internal and external flow-fields, i.e. both aerodynamic and propulsive sub-systems). This capability is now extended to encompass and utilise multi-dimensional flow-fields generated by computational fluid dynamics solvers, including Navier-Stokes solvers. Furthermore, the methodology is shown in this paper to provide insight and fundamental direction for management of onboard energy ('price paid') for maximum performance missions. C1 Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Riggins, D (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOC PI LONDON PA 4 HAMILTON PL, LONDON W1J 7BQ, ENGLAND SN 0001-9240 J9 AERONAUT J JI Aeronaut. J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1119 BP 297 EP 309 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 183FD UT WOS:000247557200003 ER PT J AU Cinnamon, JD Palazotto, AN Szmerekovsky, AG Pendleton, RJ AF Cinnamon, J. D. Palazotto, A. N. Szmerekovsky, A. G. Pendleton, R. J. TI Investigation of scaled hypervelocity gouging model and validation of material constitutive models SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMPACT AB In an effort to improve the accuracy and validate the performance of a hypervelocity gouging model developed for the shock-wave physics code CTH, the physical dimensionality of an impact problem at the Holloman Air Force Base High-Speed Test Track is mathematically scaled. The resulting scaled impact problem is sized for laboratory experimental testing and modeled. The contact schemes and approaches to friction available in CTH are summarized. In addition, results of a hypervelocity laboratory gouging experiment are presented. CTH is used to model these experimental tests, and the modeling efforts are validated. These efforts enhance the ability of a previously developed full-scale gouging model to be improved and validated. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Dept Engn Mech, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cinnamon, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1104 EP 1112 DI 10.2514/1.19940 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 163WX UT WOS:000246195000015 ER PT J AU Baron, JP McDowell, LL AF Baron, John P. McDowell, Laveta L. TI A 63-year-old man with hepatitis C and nephrotic syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C; fibrillary glomerulopathy; fibrillary glomerulonephritis; glomerulonephritis; proteinuria; renal failure ID FIBRILLARY GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; VIRAL-INFECTION; PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES; GLOMERULOPATHY; DISEASE C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Consortium, Dept Nephrol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Baron, JP (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Consortium, Dept Nephrol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM baronj@uthscsa.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 49 IS 5 BP 717 EP 720 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.02.256 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 197QG UT WOS:000248570100022 PM 17472856 ER PT J AU Morales, KJ Gordon, MC Bates, GW AF Morales, Kelly J. Gordon, Michael C. Bates, G. Wright, Jr. TI Postcesarean delivery adhesions associated with delayed delivery of infant SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Armed Forces District Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Armed Forces District DE adhesion; cesarean delivery; complication; pregnancy ID CESAREAN-SECTION; MODE; TERM; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of adhesions after cesarean deliveries and to determine their impact on delivery and infant well-being. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort analysis with chart review. The charts of 542 women who had undergone primary ( 265 women) or repeat cesarean ( 277 women) deliveries were reviewed. The incidence, severity, and locations of adhesions; delivery time; cord blood pH, and Apgar scores were noted. RESULTS: After the first cesarean delivery, 100 of 217 women (46%) had pelvic adhesive disease; 48 of 64 women (75%) who underwent a third cesarean delivery and 5 of 6 women (83%) who underwent fourth cesarean delivery had formed pelvic adhesive disease. Compared with primary cesarean section, delivery of the infant was delayed 5.6 minutes (52%) with 1 previous cesarean birth, 8.5 minutes (79%) after 2 cesarean birth, and 18.1 (169%) during the fourth cesarean birth ( P < 0.001 for all comparisons). CONCLUSION: A high percentage of cesarean deliveries result in adhesive disease, which delays repeat cesarean delivery of the fetus. The potential for adhesive disease should be included in counseling regarding primary elective cesarean births. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Bates, GW (reprint author), Atlanta Ctr Reprod Med, 100 Stone Forest Dr,Suite 300, Woodstock, GA 30189 USA. EM wright.bates@acrm.com NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 196 IS 5 AR 461.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.12.017 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 165ZK UT WOS:000246346200013 PM 17466702 ER PT J AU Denny, JM Weiskircher, MA Dorminey, JC AF Denny, John M. Weiskircher, Mark A. Dorminey, Jason C. TI Anterior open bite and overjet treated with camouflage therapy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID CLASS-II; MORPHOLOGY; HEADGEAR; SKELETAL; GROWTH; FACE AB Camouflage therapy is often the treatment of choice for Class II patients with mild to moderate skeletal discrepancies who seek treatment after growth modification is no longer possible. This case report describes the treatment of a 13.5-year-old girl with an orthognathic profile and a Class II Division 1 malocclusion, who had a thumb-sucking habit from ages 5 to 13. This resulted in an end-on molar relationship, a 2.0-mm anterior open bite, and 8.0 mm of overjet. She had protrusive maxillary incisors, mild anterior maxillary and mandibular crowding, and a 1.0-mm mandibular midline discrepancy. She also had a prominent chin button. After cessation of the habit, a Nance appliance was placed, the maxillary first premolars were extracted, appliances were placed, and orthodontic treatment began. The mandibular arch was leveled and aligned, and the maxillary anterior teeth were retracted in 2 stages to close the extraction sites and establish proper overbite and overjet. The maxillary molars were allowed to slip forward into a functional Class II occlusion, and the midline was corrected with interarch elastics. The final occlusal and esthetic results were stable and quite pleasing. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Travis AFB, Orthodont, Fairfield, CA USA. RP Denny, JM (reprint author), 3333 Sahalee Way NE, Sammamish, WA 98074 USA. EM johndenny@cablespeed.com NR 24 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 131 IS 5 BP 670 EP 678 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.11.041 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 172ZQ UT WOS:000246843700024 PM 17482090 ER PT J AU Scranton, SE Waibel, KH AF Scranton, Stephen E. Waibel, Kirk H. TI Interpretation of pneumococcal vaccine response SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID POLYSACCHARIDE C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Clin, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Scranton, SE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 98 IS 5 BP 499 EP 500 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 170GQ UT WOS:000246651200016 PM 17521039 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JD Goda, ME Duncan, BD AF Schmidt, Jason D. Goda, Matthew E. Duncan, Bradley D. TI Aberration production using a high-resolution liquid-crystal spatial light modulator SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; OPTICS AB Phase-only liquid-crystal spatial light modulators provide a powerful means of wavefront control. With high resolution and diffractive (modulo 2 pi) operation, they can accurately represent large-dynamic-range phase maps. As a result, they provide an excellent means of producing electrically controllable, dynamic, and repeatable aberrations. However, proper calibration is critical to achieving accurate phase maps. Several calibration methods from previous literature were considered. With simplicity and accuracy in mind, we selected one method for each type of necessary calibration. We augmented one of the selected methods with a new step that improves its accuracy. After calibrating our spatial light modulator with our preferred methods, we evaluated its ability to produce aberrations in the laboratory. We studied Zernike polynomial aberrations using interferometry and Fourier-transform-plane images, and atmospheric aberrations using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. These measurements show the closest agreement with theoretical expectations that we have seen to date. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Schmidt, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jason.schmidt@afit.edu; matthew.goda@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 13 BP 2423 EP 2433 DI 10.1364/AO.46.002423 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 160UZ UT WOS:000245969100005 PM 17429453 ER PT J AU Previc, FH Ercoline, WR Evans, RH Dillon, N Lopez, N Daluz, CM Workman, A AF Previc, Fred H. Ercoline, William R. Evans, Richard H. Dillon, Nathan Lopez, Nadia Daluz, Christina M. Workman, Andrew TI Simulator-induced spatial disorientation: Effects of age, sleep deprivation, and type of conflict SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fatigue; motion; visual; illusion; flight profile; age ID POSTURAL CONTROL; PERFORMANCE; PILOTS; FATIGUE; FLIGHT; MOOD AB Introduction: Spatial disorientation mishaps are greater at night and with greater time on task, and sleep deprivation is known to decrease cognitive and overall flight performance. However, the ability to perceive and to be influenced by physiologically appropriate simulated SD conflicts has not previously been studied in an automated simulator flight profile. Methods: A set of 10 flight profiles were flown by 10 U.S. Air Force (USAF) pilots over a period of 28 h in a specially designed flight simulator for spatial disorientation research and training. Of the 10 flights, 4 had a total of 7 spatial disorientation (SD) conflicts inserted into each of them, 5 simulating motion illusions and 2 involving visual illusions. The percentage of conflict reports was measured along with the effects of four conflicts on flight performance. Results: The results showed that, with one exception, all motion conflicts were reported over 60% of the time, whereas the two visual illusions were reported on average only 251% of the time, although they both significantly affected flight performance. Pilots older than 35 yr of age were more likely to report conflicts than were those under 30 yr of age (63% vs. 38%), whereas fatigue had little effect overall on either recognized or unrecognized SD. Discussion: The overall effects of these conflicts on perception and performance were generally not altered by sleep deprivation, despite clear indications of fatigue in our pilots. C1 SW Res Inst, Adv Technol Dept, Training Simulat & Performance Improvement Div, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. Wyle Labs, San Antonio, TX USA. Gen Dynam Adv Informat Engn Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Biodynam & Protect Div, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Adv Technol Dept, Training Simulat & Performance Improvement Div, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM fred.previc@swri.org NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 BP 470 EP 477 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 165ZT UT WOS:000246347100003 PM 17539440 ER PT J AU Albery, WB AF Albery, William B. TI Multisensory cueing for enhancing orientation information during flight SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE tactile; 3-D audio; spatial disorientation AB The U.S. Air Force still regards spatial disorientation (SD) and loss of situational awareness (SA) as major contributing factors in operational Class A aircraft mishaps ($1 M in aircraft loss and/or pilot fatality). Air Force Safety Agency data show 71 Class A SD mishaps from 1991-2004 in both fixed and rotary-wing aircraft. These mishaps resulted in 62 fatalities and an aircraft cost of over $2.0B. These losses account for 21% of the USAF's Class A mishaps during that 14-yr period. Even non-mishap SD events negatively impact aircrew performance and reduce mission effectiveness. A multisensory system has been developed called the Spatial Orientation Retention Device (SORD) to enhance the aircraft attitude information to the pilot. SORD incorporates multisensory aids including helmet mounted symbology and tactile and audio cues. SORD has been prototyped and demonstrated in the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. The technology has now been transitioned to a Rotary Wing Brownout program. This paper discusses the development of SORD and a potential application, including an augmented cognition application. Unlike automatic ground collision avoidance systems, SORD does not take over the aircraft if a pre-set altitude is broached by the pilot; rather, SORD provides complementary attitude cues to the pilot via the tactile, audio, and visual systems that allow the pilot to continue flying through disorienting conditions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, HEPG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Albery, WB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, HEPG, Bldg 33,2215 1st St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.albery@wpafb.af.mil NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 SU S BP B186 EP B190 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 167OK UT WOS:000246460800027 PM 17547319 ER PT J AU Bolia, RS Nelson, WT AF Bolia, Robert S. Nelson, W. Todd TI Characterizing team performance in network-centric operations: Philosophical and methodological issues SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE situation awareness; workload; network-centric ID SITUATION AWARENESS AB The recently promulgated doctrine of network-centric warfare suggests that increases in shared situation awareness and self-synchronization will be emergent properties of densely connected military networks. What it fails to say is how these enhancements are to be measured. The present article frames the discussion as a question of how to characterize team performance, and considers such performance in the context of its hypothetical components: situation awareness, workload, and error. This examination concludes that reliable measures of these constructs are lacking for teams, even when they exist for individual operators, and that this is due to philosophical and/or methodological flaws in their conceptual development. Additional research is recommended to overcome these deficiencies, as well as consideration of novel multidisciplinary approaches that draw on methodologies employed in the social, physical, and biological sciences. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bolia, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Robert.bolia@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 SU S BP B71 EP B76 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 167OK UT WOS:000246460800011 PM 17547307 ER PT J AU Kautz, MA Thomas, ML Caldwell, JL AF Kautz, Mary A. Thomas, Maria L. Caldwell, J. Lynn TI Considerations of pharmacology on fitness for duty in the operational environment SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE fatigue countermeasures; pharmacology countermeasures; cognitive performance; psychotropic; military operations; pharmaceuticals ID HELICOPTER PILOT PERFORMANCE; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; FATIGUE COUNTERMEASURES; US MILITARY; ETHICAL USE; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; CAFFEINE; MODAFINIL; ALERTNESS AB Coordination of strategies for transitioning psychoactive pharmacological compounds from basic laboratory research to the field environment has been an ongoing effort among military laboratories. Several workshops have been held specifically to address the operationally relevant issues and other military and scientific challenges as they relate to the enhancement and sustainability of cognitive performance. in this preface, we tie together recommendations of the Pharmacological Strategies Focus Team for one such Workshop, review current literature, and discuss findings reported at recent professional meetings. The papers presented within this pharmacology section are discussed. These section papers are organized into three areas of operational relevance-the first assesses the effectiveness of a treatment given for migraines, a condition with known detrimental effects on productivity and readiness; the second discusses ethical considerations surrounding the use of pharmaceutical countermeasures for fatigue in the operational environment; and the third discusses a case report highlighting the aeromedical considerations regarding selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and aviator flight performance, particularly as assessed with neuropsychological testing. The papers and commentaries in this section encourage us to consider the complex variables effecting the decisions to administer pharmacological agents, as the impact of their use is weighed against the cognitive performance effects they may have in the operational environment. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Kautz, MA (reprint author), 6 E Schuyler Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. EM makautz@prodigy.net NR 32 TC 0 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 78 IS 5 SU S BP B107 EP B112 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 167OK UT WOS:000246460800015 PM 17547311 ER PT J AU Schofield, CM Murray, CK Horvath, EE Cancio, LC Kim, SH Wolf, SE Hospenthal, DR AF Schofield, Christina M. Murray, Clinton K. Horvath, Edward E. Cancio, Leopoldo C. Kim, Seuny H. Wolf, Steven E. Hospenthal, Duane R. TI Correlation of culture with histopathology in fungal burn wound colonization and infection SO BURNS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 06-09, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE fungal; wound infection; culture; histopathology; burn ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB An increasing number of burn wound infections are now due to fungi. Historically, therapy of fungal burn wound infections (FWI) consisted of debridement, topical antifungals and/or IV amphotericin B, negating the need to categorize disease further than fungal burn wound colonization (FWC) versus FWI. Newer antifungal agents have varying spectrums of activity, increasing the importance of identifying fungi, often to species. The records of patients admitted to our burn center from April 2000 to March 2005 were reviewed for fungi identified by histopathology. Wound specimens with fungi were classified as FWC or FWI and culture results were compared. The 1515 surgical wound tissue specimens were obtained from 2036 patients. Fungi were detected in the histopathology of 68 patients, 19 with FWI (3.8 FWI/year); 9 had corresponding growth on culture. Forty nine patients were identified with FWC, 16 with fungi recovered in corresponding cultures. FWI was associated with increased mortality (OR 25.3, GI 3.12-204.8). Correlation between histopathologic and culture identification of fungi was inconsistent. The etiology of FWI was diverse; fungi with known resistance to each of the three major classes of antifungals were isolated, suggesting empirical use of one class may be inadequate to treat FWI. Future burn wound management must seek to identify fungal pathogens to species. Published by Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Hospenthal, DR (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM duane.hospenthal@amedd.army.mil OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0003-2972-3440 NR 9 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-4179 J9 BURNS JI Burns PD MAY PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 341 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.burns.2006.08.040 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Dermatology; Surgery GA 160WJ UT WOS:000245972800010 PM 17321689 ER PT J AU Grieser, EJ Dudenhoefer, EJ Waller, SG AF Grieser, Eric J. Dudenhoefer, Eric J. Waller, Stephen G. TI Long-term follow-up of free-floating epithelial inclusion cyst after radial keratotomy SO CORNEA LA English DT Article DE radial keratotomy; epithelial inclusion cyst; refractive surgery; ultrasound biomicroscopy; gonioscopy AB Purpose: To report the benign seven year follow-up on a free-floating anterior chamber epithelial inclusion cyst that did not require treatment. Design: Retrospective observational case report. Methods: Seven years of clinical observation of a patient who had radial keratotomy in 1998. Results: The free-floating cyst showed no growth or untoward effects on the eye and required no treatment during the observation period. Conclusions: The long clinical course of our patient shows that epithelial inclusion cysts may be managed without treatment for many years with careful and frequent follow-up. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Waller, SG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM Stephen.Waller@lackland.af.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3740 J9 CORNEA JI Cornea PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 4 BP 512 EP 513 DI 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3180334f8d PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 162PG UT WOS:000246099500027 PM 17457209 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Biological assembly of hybrid inorganic nanomaterials SO CURRENT NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological assembly; inorganic hybrid materials; quantum dot-gold; co-encapsulation; biosilification ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; QUANTUM DOTS; DNA; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCLUSTERS; BACTERIA AB The assembly of two or more inorganic nanoparticles results in hybrid materials with enhanced properties. These include improvements in catalytic activity, changes in optical behavior, and potential gains in electronic properties. However, these are only attained through precise synthetic control of the resulting material with respect to structure, organization, size, and composition. Fortunately, biological systems are exceptional at the synthesis and assembly of diverse inorganic materials at many different length scales; and as result, has inspired many different approaches towards the biomimetic synthesis of hybrid inorganic materials. C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpalb.af.mil NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4137 J9 CURR NANOSCI JI Curr. Nanosci. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 3 IS 2 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.2174/157341307780619242 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 158FE UT WOS:000245776100001 ER PT J AU Amon, JP Agrawal, A Shelley, ML Opperman, BC Enright, MP Clemmer, ND Slusser, T Lach, J Sobolewski, T Gruner, W Entingh, AC AF Amon, James P. Agrawal, Abinash Shelley, Michael L. Opperman, Bryan C. Enright, Michael P. Clemmer, Nathan D. Slusser, Thomas Lach, Jason Sobolewski, Teresa Gruner, William Entingh, Andrew C. TI Development of a wetland constructed for the treatment of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated ethenes SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE perchloroethene; phytoremediation; groundwater; rhizosphere ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; MICROBIAL DEHALOGENATION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; TETRACHLOROETHENE; PLANT; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; SOLVENTS; HYDROGEN AB An upward-flowing subsurface supply wetland designed to mimic natural wetland systems shows evidence of sequential dechlorination of PCE in contaminated groundwater. An inherent microzonation in the rhizosphere of plants that extend roots over 1m into the soil apparently sustains communities of microbes responsible for both anaerobic and aerobic activity. PCE dechlorination and production of methane near the bottom of the soil column suggest that anaerobic or reducing conditions exist there, but core samples indicate roots may create oxygen-enriched zones throughout the depth of the wetland. Methane is available to stimulate oxidative co-metabolism via methane monooxygenases and those enzymes may be responsible for removal of trichloroethene (TCE) microzones where higher levels of oxygen is supplied by abundant roots. Samples taken during different seasons show elevated degradation during the warmer months but mid-winter samples show significant removal of PCE and its breakdown products. Herbaceous plants derived from local wetland species grew well and did not appear to be visibly harmed by the PCE or its by-products. Core sampling of the root system indicates that more roots are found when a mixture of wetland plant species are planted. Bench-scale experiments with C-14 labeled TCE show that wetland plants can also play a role in bioremediation by venting volatiles to the atmosphere. We suggest that minor modifications such as increased organic matter in the soil may lead to more rapid establishment of wetland performance. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Grad Sch Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Amon, JP (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM james.amon@wright.edu RI Agrawal, Abinash/B-8048-2013 NR 55 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 51 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.01.008 PG 16 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 182UK UT WOS:000247529300007 ER PT J AU Cardoza-Favarato, G Fadare, O AF Cardoza-Favarato, Gabriella Fadare, Oluwole TI High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (CIN 2 and 3) excised with negative margins by loop electrosurgical excision procedure: the significance of CIN 1 at the margins of excision SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cervix; loop electrosurgical excision procedure; cone biopsy; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; margin; human papillomavirus; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion ID TRANSFORMATION ZONE LLETZ; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; COLD-KNIFE CONIZATION; FOLLOW-UP; CERVIX UTERI; THERAPEUTIC CONIZATION; NEOPLASIA; MANAGEMENT; DYSPLASIA; DISEASE AB The significance of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 (CIN 2-3) at the margin of a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) specimen as a predictor of recurrent or persistent disease is relatively controversial. Most studies have found the presence of high-grade dysplasia at the margins in this setting to be an adverse parameter. However, the significance of an isolated finding of CIN 1 at the surgical margins of LEEP specimens has not been rigorously studied. Herein, we evaluate the significance of finding CIN 1 at one or more margins of a LEEP specimen when these margins are negative for CIN 2-3. Consecutive LEEP specimens with a CIN 2-3 diagnosis (and whose margins were negative for the latter) were retrieved, and their slides were reviewed. The cases were classified as to whether CIN 1 was present at the margins. Follow-up cytologic and histologic data were compared between patients with and without CIN 1 at the margin. For patients with multiple follow-up samples, only the most severe abnormality (1 sample per patient) was counted. Seventy-three cases were evaluated, with CIN 1 present at the margin in 59 (81%, group 1) and absent in 14 (19%, group 2). Follow-up cytologic information was available in 60 patients, with a median follow-up of 19 months. The cytologic follow-up of groups 1 and 2 patients were not significantly different regarding the diagnostic frequency of any one of the Bethesda 2001 diagnostic categories (P >.05 for all, Fisher exact and chi(2) tests). Of the 33 patients who received a cervical biopsy and/or endocervical curettage during the follow-up period, 29 belonged to group 1 and 4 to group 2. The distribution of '' negative '' CIN 1 and CIN 2-3 diagnoses for group 1 were 16 (55%) of 29, 7 (24%) of 29, and 6 (21 %) of 29, respectively. Parallel figures for group 2 were 2 (50%) of 4, 2 (50%) of 4, and 0 (0%) of 4, respectively. Although CIN 2-3 was more frequent in group 1, none of the comparisons attained statistical significance. The current study is a small single-institution study, whose findings should not be extrapolated to cold-knife conizations, and need to be confirmed in larger data sets. However, our preliminary analysis suggests C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 38 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 38 IS 5 BP 781 EP 786 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.11.006 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 162UJ UT WOS:000246114700014 PM 17316761 ER PT J AU Huang, JS Bue, B Pattath, A Ebert, DS Thomas, KM AF Huang, Jingshu Bue, Brian Pattath, Avin Ebert, David S. Thomas, Krystal M. TI Interactive illustrative rendering on mobile devices SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Adapting desktop-based automated illustration techniques to satisfy mobile device restrictions entails many challenges. The MobileVis system implements advanced illustrative rendering techniques to let users interactively explore 3D models, display annotations, and visualize instructions on low-end devices. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Huang, JS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jhuang2@purdue.edu; brian.d.bue@jpl.nasa.gov; orapattath@purdue.edu; ebertd@purdue.edu; krystal.thomas@wpafb.af.mil OI Ebert, David/0000-0001-6177-1296 NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1109/MCG.2007.63 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 161IL UT WOS:000246008000008 PM 17523362 ER PT J AU Jessen, GH Gillespie, JK Via, GD Crespo, A Langley, D Aumer, ME Ward, CS Henry, HG Thomson, DB Partlow, DP AF Jessen, G. H. Gillespie, J. K. Via, G. D. Crespo, A. Langley, D. Aumer, M. E. Ward, C. S. Henry, H. G. Thomson, D. B. Partlow, D. P. TI RF power measurements of InAlN/GaN unstrained HEMTs on SiC substrates at 10 GHz SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AlInN; GaN; high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT); InAlN; power ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; PLATE AB Unstrained high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated from InAIN/GaN on semi-insulating SiC substrates. The devices had 0.24-mu m T-gates with a total width of 2 x 150 Mm. Final passivated performance values for these devices are Im = 1279 mA/mm, I-DSS = 1182 mA/mm, R-c = 0.43 Omega center dot mm, rho(s) = 315 Omega/sq, f(T) = 45 GHz, f(max(MAG)) = 64 GHz, and g(m) = 268 mS/mm. Continuous-wave power measurements at 10 GHz produced P-sat = 3.8 W/mm, G(t) = 8.6 dB, and PAE = 30% at V-DS = 20 V at 25% I-DSS. To our knowledge, these are the first power measurements reported at 10 GHz for this material. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Baltimore, MD 21030 USA. RP Jessen, GH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 354 EP 356 DI 10.1109/LED.2007.895417 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 163VQ UT WOS:000246191700008 ER PT J AU Shori, RK Schepler, KL Clarkson, WA AF Shori, Ramesh K. Schepler, Kenneth L. Clarkson, W. Andrew TI Introduction to the issue on progress in solid-state, fiber, and tunable sources SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NAWC, Photon Branch, Div Phys, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Optoeect Res Ctr, Adv Solid State Sources Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Shori, RK (reprint author), NAWC, Photon Branch, Div Phys, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 432 EP 434 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.901530 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 180TY UT WOS:000247390200001 ER PT J AU Shay, TM Benham, V Baker, JT Sanchez, AD Pilkington, D Lu, CA AF Shay, Thomas M. Benham, Vincent Baker, Jeffrey T. Sanchez, Anthony D. Pilkington, D. Lu, Chunte A. TI Self-synchronous and self-referenced coherent beam combination for large optical arrays SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE laser arrays and optical fibers ID FIBER LASER ARRAY; PHASE AB A novel and highly accurate electronic technique for phase locking arrays of optical fiber amplifiers is demonstrated. This is the only electronic phase locking technique that does not require a reference beam. The measured phase error for this system is lambda/20. A model for calculating the signal-shot noise-limited phase errors and the phase-modulation-induced phase errors is developed. For the first time, nine fiber amplifiers are coherently combined. The total power in the phase locked array is 100 W. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. IIT Ind, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shay, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM tshay@chtm.unm.edu NR 17 TC 78 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 3 BP 480 EP 486 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.897173 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 180TY UT WOS:000247390200006 ER PT J AU Kandangath, A Krishnamoorthy, S Lai, YC Gaudet, JA AF Kandangath, Anil Krishnamoorthy, Satish Lai, Ying-Cheng Gaudet, John A. TI Inducing chaos in electronic circuits by resonant perturbations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Duffing oscillator; inducing chaos; phase-locked loop (PLL); resonant perturbations ID WEAK HARMONIC PERTURBATIONS; HIGH-DIMENSIONAL CHAOS; PHASE-LOCKED LOOP; PARAMETRIC PERTURBATIONS; LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; CAPTURE RANGE; DYNAMICS; NOISE; TRANSITION AB We propose a scheme to induce chaotic attractors in electronic circuits. The applications that we are interested in stipulate the following three constraints: 1) the circuit operates in a stable periodic regime far away from chaotic behavior; 2) no parameters or state variables of the circuit are directly accessible to adjustment and 3) the circuit equations are unknown and the only available information is a time series (or a signal) measured from the circuit. Under these conditions', a viable approach to chaos induction is to use external excitations such as a microwave signal, assuming that a proper coupling mechanism exists which allows the circuit to be perturbed by the excitation. The question we address in this paper is how to choose the waveform of the excitation to ensure that sustained chaos (chaotic attractor) can be generated in the circuit. We show that weak resonant perturbations with time-varying frequency and phase are generally able to drive the circuit into a hierarchy of nonlinear resonant states and eventually into chaos. We develop a theory to explain this phenomenon, provide numerical support, and demonstrate the feasibility of the method by laboratory experiments. In particular, our experimental system consists of a Duffing-type of nonlinear electronic oscillator driven by a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit. The PLL can track the frequency and phase evolution of the target Duffing circuit and deliver resonant perturbations to generate robust chaotic attractors. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USAF, Res Lab, DEHE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kandangath, A (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM anil.kumar@asu.edu; satishk@asu.edu; Ying-Cheng.Lai@asu.edu NR 45 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1549-8328 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 54 IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1119 DI 10.1109/TCSI.2007.893510 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 168OW UT WOS:000246534900018 ER PT J AU Abadi, J AF Abadi, Jacob TI British policy in Aden and the protectorates 1955-67: Last outpost of a Middle East empire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 USAF Acad, Dept Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Abadi, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jacob.abadi@usafa.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0020-7438 J9 INT J MIDDLE E STUD JI Int. J. Middle East Stud. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 39 IS 2 BP 318 EP 320 DI 10.1017/S0020743807070262 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 164YZ UT WOS:000246272200027 ER PT J AU Fulco, CS Zupan, M Muza, SR Rock, PB Kambis, K Payn, T Hannon, M Glickman, E Cymerman, A AF Fulco, C. S. Zupan, M. Muza, S. R. Rock, P. B. Kambis, K. Payn, T. Hannon, M. Glickman, E. Cymerman, A. TI Carbohydrate supplementation and endurance performance of moderate altitude residents at 4300 m SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE exercise performance; acclimatization; altitude; time trial ID EXERCISE; WOMEN; CYCLE AB Recent work from our laboratory demonstrated that carbohydrate supplementation (CHOS) during exercise improved prolonged time-trial (TT) performance of sea-level residents (SLR) living at 4300 m while they were in daily negative energy balance (- 1250 kcal . day(-1); [9]). The purposes of the current study were to determine during initial exposure to 4300 m:1) whether CHOS also improves TT performance of moderate altitude residents (MAR) who are in energy balance and 2) if acclimatization to moderate elevations benefits TT performance. Fifteen Air Force Academy (AFA) active duty members (age: 30 +/- 1 yrs; mean SE), who had been living at - 2000 m for 21 +/- 3 months performed a maximal-effort 720-kJ cycle TT at the AFA and at Pikes Peak (PP), CO, (4300 m) on days 1 (PP1) and 3 (PP3). Daily energy intake and expenditure were maintained similarly at the AFA and PP. At the start of the TTs at PP, and then every 15 min thereafter, 9 subjects drank a 10% CHO solution (0.175 g . kg(-1) body weight) and 6 subjects drank a placebo (PLA) solution. All subjects were allowed to freely adjust the power output of the cycle ergometer and drank water ad libitum. Performance time did not differ between groups on PP1 (CHOS vs. PLA; 101 +/- 8 vs. 116 +/- 10 min) or PP3 (95 +/- 8 vs. 107 +/- 12 min). For both groups, cycle times on PP1 and PP3 were longer compared to the AFA (p < 0.01) and were improved from PP1 to PP3 (p < 0.05). Exercise intensity (i.e., % peak oxygen uptake) was maintained similarly at - 62% during the TTs at the AFA and PP. Blood glucose was 1.5 to 2.0 mmol . L-1 higher for CHOS vs. PLA (p < 0.01). It was concluded that CHOS provided no TT performance benefit for MAR at 4300 m when energy balance was maintained. However, the decrements in TT performance and exercise intensity were attenuated at 4300 m in MAR compared to those of SLR as a result of acclimatization attained while living for nearly 2 years at - 2000 m. C1 USARIEM, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Tulsa, OK 74078 USA. Coll William & Mary, Kinesiol Dept, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Kent State Univ, Sch Exercise Leisure & Sport, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Fulco, CS (reprint author), USARIEM, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Charles.fulco@us.army.mil NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0172-4622 J9 INT J SPORTS MED JI Int. J. Sports Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 28 IS 5 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1055/s-2006-924515 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 170JU UT WOS:000246660500013 PM 17024646 ER PT J AU Smith, AL Kunz, DL AF Smith, Austin L. Kunz, Donald L. TI Dynamic coupling of the KC-135 tanker and boom for modeling and simulation SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference CY AUG 21-24, 2006 CL Keystone, CO SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut C1 USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Smith, AL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, 2180 Eighth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1034 EP 1039 DI 10.2514/1.27241 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 180AH UT WOS:000247331700040 ER PT J AU Johnson, TL McCleskey, PE Rathkopf, M Meffert, JJ Hagan, LL AF Johnson, Thomas L. McCleskey, Patrick E. Rathkopf, Melinda Meffert, Jeffrey J. Hagan, Larry L. TI Pathergy response to skin prick testing SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Dermatol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. RP Johnson, TL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM Thomas.Johnson2@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 119 IS 5 BP 1270 EP 1272 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.01.033 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 167CB UT WOS:000246427200033 PM 17353037 ER PT J AU Buchwald, WR Morath, CP Drevinsky, PJ AF Buchwald, Walter R. Morath, Christian P. Drevinsky, Peter J. TI Effects of deep defect concentration on junction space charge capacitance measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRAPS; DLTS; CENTERS; SILICON AB Expressions for the small signal capacitance and pulse bias-induced large signal capacitance transient of an abrupt n(+)-p junction in the presence of one or more deep traps of arbitrary concentrations are presented. The expressions show that a simple inverse relationship between the measured small signal capacitance and the junction's space charge depletion width is not expected. Unexpected effects on defect capture cross section and defect concentration determination, when applied to deep level transient spectroscopy simulations, are also reported. Experimental results of both temperature dependent capacitance and transient capacitance measurements performed on electron irradiated Si n(+)-p junctions are presented and analyzed in the context of these expressions. Modeling of the measured signals using these expressions is shown to be in good agreement with the experiment. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Lab SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Buchwald, WR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Lab SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Morath, Christian/B-9147-2008 OI Morath, Christian/0000-0001-5838-9301 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 9 AR 094503 DI 10.1063/1.2719291 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 169BO UT WOS:000246567900092 ER PT J AU Denton, ML Foltz, MS Schuster, KJ Estlack, LE Thomas, RJ AF Denton, Michael L. Foltz, Michael S. Schuster, Kurt J. Estlack, Larry E. Thomas, Robert J. TI Damage thresholds for cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to lasers at 532 nm and 458 nm SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE laser-induced damage; cells; photothermal; photochemical ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; WAVELENGTH; LESIONS; INJURY; NIR AB The determination of safe exposure levels for lasers has come from damage assessment experiments in live animals which, typically involve correlating visually identifiable damage with laser dosimetry. Studying basic mechanisms of laser damage in animal retinal systems often requires tissue sampling (animal sacrifice), making justification and animal availability problematic. We determined laser damage thresholds in cultured monolayers of a human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line. By varying exposure duration and laser wavelength, we identified conditions leading to damage by presumed photochemical or thermal mechanisms. A comparison with literature values for ocular damage thresholds validates the in vitro model. The in vitro system described will facilitate molecular and cellular approaches for understanding laser-tissue interaction. (C) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Northrop Grumman, Warfighter Concepts & Applicat Dept, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Conceptual MindWorks Inc, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, HEDO, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), 2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM robert.thomas@brooks.af.mil NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 3 AR 034030 DI 10.1117/1.2737394 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 196TG UT WOS:000248504500034 PM 17614738 ER PT J AU Parker, JT Serrani, A Yurkovich, S Bolender, MA Doman, DB AF Parker, Jason T. Serrani, Andrea Yurkovich, Stephen Bolender, Michael A. Doman, David B. TI Control-oriented modeling of an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 21-24, 2006 CL Keystone, CO ID NONLINEAR CONTROL; CONTROL DESIGN; AIRCRAFT; SYSTEMS; MOTION AB Full simulation models for flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles include' intricate couplings between the engine and flight dynamics, along with complex interplay between flexible and rigid modes, resulting in intractable systems for nonlinear control design. In this paper, starting from a high-fidelity model, a control-oriented model in closed form is obtained by replacing complex force and moment functions with curve-fitted approximations, neglecting certain weak couplings, and neglecting slower portions of the system dynamics. The process itself allows an understanding of the system-theoretic properties of the model, and enables the applicability of model-based nonlinear control techniques. Although the focus of this paper is on the development of the control-oriented model, an example of control design based on approximate feedback linearization is provided. Simulation results demonstrate that this technique achieves excellent tracking performance, even in the presence of moderate parameter variations. The fidelity of the truth model is then increased by including additional flexible effects, which render the original control design ineffective. A more elaborate model with an additional actuator is then employed to enhance the control authority of the vehicle, required to compensate for the new flexible effects, and a new design is provided. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parker, JT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Technol Branch, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 206 Z9 254 U1 13 U2 69 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 30 IS 3 BP 856 EP 869 DI 10.2514/1.27830 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 167RP UT WOS:000246469100022 ER PT J AU Paesler, MA Baker, DA Lucovsky, G Edwards, AE Taylor, PC AF Paesler, M. A. Baker, D. A. Lucovsky, G. Edwards, A. E. Taylor, P. C. TI EXAFS study of local order in the amorphous chalcogenide semiconductor Ge2Sb2Te5 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference of Solid State Chemistry CY SEP 24-29, 2006 CL Pardubice, CZECH REPUBLIC DE chalcogenides; glasses; optical materials; XAFS; phase transitions AB Studies of amorphous (a-) semiconductors have been driven by technological advances as well as fundamental theories. Observation of electrical switching, for example, fueled early interest in a-chalcogenides. More recently switching of the a-chalcogenide Ge2Sb2Te5 has been applied quite successfully to DVD technology where the quest for the discovery of better-suited materials continues. Thus, switching provides researchers today with an active arena of technological as well as fundamental study. On the theoretical front, bond constraint theory - or BCT - provides a powerful framework for understanding the structure and properties of a-materials. Applications of BCT to switching in GC(2)Sb(2)Te(5) holds the promise of finding the best composition suited for switching applications. This work presents EXAFS data that describe local bonding configurations in as-deposited Ge2Sb2Te5. The data show that Ge2Sb2Te5 may best be viewed as a random array of Ge2Te3 and Sb2Te3 structural units imbedded in a tissue of a-Te, 17% of which is over coordinated. In addition, a valence alternation pair defect is introduced to the model to satisfy charge conservation constraints. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Paesler, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM paesler@ncsu.edu RI Paesler, Michael/D-6738-2011; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 68 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 873 EP 877 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.03.041 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 187ZK UT WOS:000247887800040 ER PT J AU Black, JT Leifer, J DeMoss, JA Walker, EN AF Black, Jonathan T. Leifer, Jack DeMoss, Joshua A. Walker, Eric N. TI Experimental and numerical correlation of gravity sag in Solar-SaiR-Quality membranes SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 45th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID PHOTOGRAMMETRY AB Solar sails are among the most studied members of the ultralightweight and inflatable (gossamer) space structures family, due to their potential to provide propellantless propulsion. They are comprised of ultrathin membrane panels that, to date, have proven very difficult to experimentally characterize and numerically model, due to their reflectivity and flexibility and the effects of gravity sag and air damping. Numerical models must be correlated with experimental measurements of subscale solar sails as the first step in verifying that the models can be scaled up to represent full-sized solar sails. In this paper, the surface shapes of two horizontally-supported 25-mu m-thick aluminized Kapton membranes were measured to a 1.0-mm resolution using photogrammetry. Simple numerical models were developed and their output matched the corresponding experimental data in all cases with less than 33% error. This correlation between the numerical predictions and the experimental data is in line with similar results obtained by others who used more complex numerical models to predict the gravity-induced sag of larger sail panels. The results indicate that the largest source of discrepancy between predicted and measured data is membrane slack. It is postulated that incorporation of geometric slack into the numerical models would likely reduce this discrepancy. C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Engn Sci, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. George Washington Univ, Struct Dynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Black, JT (reprint author), USAF, Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 522 EP 527 DI 10.2514/1.20958 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 179AP UT WOS:000247262000003 ER PT J AU Florendo, CJ Yechout, TR Siegel, S Cummingst, RM Kealos, J AF Florendo, Corey J. Yechout, Thomas R. Siegel, Stefan Cummingst, Russell M. Kealos, Joseph TI Experimental evaluation of a high fineness ratio body with drag brakes SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 44th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 09-12, 2006 CL Reno, NV SP AIAA AB The Advanced Remote Ground Unattended Sensor uses drag brakes to control its terminal velocity during flight. An experimental evaluation of the geometry was performed at Mach numbers between 0.20 and 0.50 with a 61.5% scale model in the U.S. Air Force Academy Subsonic Wind Tunnel. Configurations tested include baseline drag brakes fully deployed, an array of perforated drag brake designs, as well as various other related drag brake design features. Improvements to the baseline design are discussed and an improved configuration is presented. Limited unsteady computations were performed for selected cases using detached-eddy simulation to understand various experimental results. The overall flight characteristics of the Advanced Remote Ground Unattended Sensor were improved, including the elimination of unusual lift trends and the tendency of the vehicle to exhibit coning motion during freefall. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Aeronaut Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Textron Inc, Adv Missile Syst Dept, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA. RP Florendo, CJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Aeronaut Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 589 EP 596 DI 10.2514/1.21344 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 179AP UT WOS:000247262000010 ER PT J AU Lane, SA Lacyt, SL Babuska, V Carter, D AF Lane, Steven A. Lacyt, Seth L. Babuska, Vit Carter, Delano TI Correlation and error metrics for plant identification of on-orbit space structures SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 46th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference/1st AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference CY APR 18-21, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; HYBRID METHOD; SYSTEM AB In plant identification and modeling efforts, metrics are needed to quantitatively compare measured data to numeric models. Quantitative metrics broadly fall into five categories: performance metrics, correlation metrics, error metrics, data quality metrics, and model interpretation metrics. This paper describes the utility of frequency response function correlation and error metrics for plant identification, particularly for complex space structures. Three correlation metrics and three error metrics are discussed. Multiple-input, multiple-output extensions to the correlation metrics are presented and their application is demonstrated on data collected from spacecraft-representative structures. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Adv Informat Syst, Gen Dynam, Natl Syst Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Lane, SA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 710 EP 721 DI 10.2514/1.24583 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 179AP UT WOS:000247262000023 ER PT J AU Krbec, AC AF Krbec, Amanda C. TI Current understanding and management of hidradenitis suppurativa SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS LA English DT Article DE hidradenitis suppurativa; acne inversa; dermatology ID ETANERCEPT; INFLIXIMAB AB Purpose: To review the diagnosis and treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in primary care. Data sources: Review of current literature from journals and textbooks as well as clinical experience. Conclusions: HS, a chronic disease causing scarring and pus formation to the skin bearing apocrine glands, requires continual management by the primary care manager and often deems referral to a dermatologist or surgeon. Implications for practice: If misdiagnosed or poorly managed, HS has detrimental effects on patients' quality of life and self-esteem. C1 USAF Acad, Cadet Flight Med Clin, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Krbec, AC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Cadet Flight Med Clin, 2355 Fac Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM amanda.krbec@usafa.af.mil NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1041-2972 J9 J AM ACAD NURSE PRAC JI J. Am. Acad. Nurse Pract. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2007.00219.x PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Nursing GA 163ZM UT WOS:000246202000003 PM 17489955 ER PT J AU Hay, RS Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P AF Hay, R. S. Boakye, E. E. Mogilevsky, P. TI Spherical rhabdophane sols. I: Rheology and particle morphology SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MONAZITE COATINGS; AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SUSPENSIONS; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINA; VISCOSITY; BODIES; OXIDE AB The particle morphology, weight loss, and rheology of rhabdophane (LaPO4.nH(2)O) sols with either spherical or rod-shaped particles were characterized and compared. Some spherical particle sols were doped with aluminum. Particle size was characterized by light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The additives that promote spherical particle formation also cause greater high temperature weight loss than similar rod-shaped particle sols. As expected, the shear-rate dependence of sol viscosity was much weaker for spherical particle sols. The viscosity for sols with both types of particles was modeled using particle aspect ratios and bound water layer thicknesses as variables. A bound water layer thickness of 3-5 nm was suggested by modeling, except in aluminum-doped sols, where a much larger thickness was suggested. Modeled aspect ratios were larger than those observed by TEM. Weakly bound agglomerates may be present in both types of sols. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Randall.Hay@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1574 EP 1579 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01545 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 167DQ UT WOS:000246431600037 ER PT J AU Boakye, EE Hay, RS Mogilevsky, P AF Boakye, E. E. Hay, R. S. Mogilevsky, P. TI Spherical rhabdophane sols. II: Fiber coating SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MONAZITE COATINGS; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; COATED-FIBER; GRAIN-GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; ALUMINA; OXIDE; NEXTEL(TM)-720 AB A rhabdophane (LaPO4 center dot nH(2)O) sol with fine spherical particles was used to coat Nextel (TM) 720 fiber tows continuously with monazite (LaPO4). The coatings are compared with those made previously from rod-shaped particles. The coated fibers were heat-treated at 1000 degrees-1300 degrees C for 1, 10, and 100 h. The effect of heat treatment temperature and time on coating microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the strengths of the coated fibers were measured after coating and heat treatment. Grain shapes and grain growth rates were measured. Coating thickness uniformity was quantified by a fit to a truncated extreme-value distribution. Coating hermeticity was evaluated by analysis of grain growth rates. The spherical particles promote more rapid coating densification and local hermeticity, but introduce problems with sintering shrinkage cracking that are not present in coatings derived from rod-shaped particles. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boakye, EE (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM emmanuel.boakye@wpafb.af.mil NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1580 EP 1588 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01544.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 167DQ UT WOS:000246431600038 ER PT J AU Farley, JF Devine, JW Hadsall, RS AF Farley, Joel F. Devine, Joshua W. Hadsall, Ronald S. TI Professional implications of the expansion of pharmacy-based medical clinics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE community and ambulatory pharmacy; pharmacy-based medical clinics; prescriptive authority ID OVER-THE-COUNTER; PHARMACEUTICAL CARE; STATINS AB Objective: To describe challenges and opportunities to the profession of pharmacy associated with the emergence of pharmacy-based medical clinics. Summary: Pharmacy-based medical clinics have emerged as a convenient, low-cost treatment option for many patients. These clinics, which are staffed by physicians' assistants or nurse practitioners, often are located directly within community pharmacies and offer rapid diagnosis and treatment for a limited number of health problems. With plans for significant expansion of these clinics, the profession of pharmacy faces a number of challenges. Allocating space in community pharmacies for medical clinics could place pharmacists at a disadvantage to other providers as they pursue ancillary health care activities. However, these clinics also represent an opportunity for pharmacists to position themselves as legitimized health care providers who are reimbursed for the consultative services they perform. Because most conditions diagnosed at pharmacy-based medical clinics have well-established treatment protocols, pharmacists would be well positioned to provide these services under collaborative practice agreements. This could ultimately provide the resources and payment structure necessary for pharmacists to provide other types of patient care services, including medication therapy management (MTM). Conclusion: As pharmacy-based clinics continue to proliferate, pharmacists should carefully consider surrendering space in community pharmacies to other health care practitioners. These clinics present pharmacists with an opportunity to provide many of the additional health care services for which we have so vigorously argued. Failure to respond to the acute care needs of patients today may present pharmacists with a significant barrier as they continue to expand into direct patient care activities. C1 [Farley, Joel F.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Div Pharmaceut Outcome & Policy, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Devine, Joshua W.] USAF, Dept Def, Pharmacoecon Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Hadsall, Ronald S.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Care & Hlth Syst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Farley, JF (reprint author), 2201 Kerr Hall,Campus Box 7360, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jffarley@unc.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 2215 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1544-3191 J9 J AM PHARM ASSOC JI J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 410 EP 414 DI 10.1331/JAPhA.2007.06093 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 266QP UT WOS:000253452400016 PM 17510039 ER PT J AU Averett, KL Van Nostrand, JE Albrecht, JD Chen, YS Yang, CC AF Averett, K. L. Van Nostrand, J. E. Albrecht, J. D. Chen, Y. S. Yang, C. C. TI Epitaxial overgrowth of GaN nanocolumns SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2006) CY OCT 08-11, 2006 CL Duke Univ, Durham, NC HO Duke Univ ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; SAPPHIRE; ALGAN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; LUMINESCENCE; NITRIDATION; TRANSISTORS AB GaN nanocolumns of exceptional crystalline quality have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on both silicon (111) and sapphire (0001) substrates. Reflection high energy electron diffraction produces a unique diffraction pattern for in situ verification of columnar growth. Subsequent molecular beam epitaxial overgrowth of the nanocolumns has been used to improve the quality of thin film GaN layers when compared to GaN films grown directly on sapphire substrates. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the absence of threading dislocations in the selected columns. Scanning electron microscopy of overgrown material demonstrated surface morphology similar to thin films grown in the intermediate (Ga-rich) growth regime, or a pattern of densely packed. hexagonal structures, depending on growth conditions. Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra demonstrated a greater than two orders of magnitude improvement in PL intensity of overgrown film versus direct film growth. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Electro Opt Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Averett, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kent.averett@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 964 EP 968 DI 10.1116/1.2717195 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 183CW UT WOS:000247551300054 ER PT J AU Merriman, JW Boal, CW Bashore, TL Zwank, PJ Wester, DB AF Merriman, Joel W. Boal, Clint W. Bashore, Terry L. Zwank, Phillip J. Wester, David B. TI Abundance of diurnal raptors in relation to prairie dog colonies: Implications for bird-aircraft strike hazard SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bird-aircraft strike hazard; black-tailed prairie dog; Cynomys ludovicianus; Falconiformes; hawk; raptor ID WINTERING FERRUGINOUS HAWKS; RANKING; PLAGUE AB Some diurnal raptors are frequently observed at prairie dog (Cynomys sp.) colonies. As a result, some military installations have conducted prairie dog control activities to reduce the bird-aircraft strike hazard (BASH) potential of low-flying aircraft. To evaluate the validity of this management strategy, we assessed raptor associations with prairie dog colonies at 2 short-grass prairie study areas: southern Lubbock County, Texas, USA, and Melrose Bombing and Gunnery Range in cast-central New Mexico, USA. We quantified diurnal raptors (i.e., Falconiformes) at plots occupied (colony plots) and unoccupied (noncolony plots) by black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) at both sites throughout 2002. We compared the number of individual birds of a given species at colony and noncolony plots within each study area by season. Ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) and northern harriers (Circus cyaneus) were more abundant at colony plots, whereas Swainson's hawks (B. swainsoni) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were more abundant at noncolony plots. Red-tailed hawk (B. jamaicensis) abundance did not differ between the 2 plot types. Our results suggest prairie dog control as a method of reducing BASH potential may be effective at some sites but may be ineffective or even increase the BASH potential at others. Thus, bird-avoidance models assessing the BASH potential should be conducted on a site-specific basis using information on relative and seasonal abundances of individual raptor species and the relative strike risks they pose to aircraft. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USAF, Ranges Airfields & Airspace Operat Requirements D, HQ ACC DORP, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Merriman, JW (reprint author), Raedeke Associates Inc, 5711 NE 63rd St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM clint.boal@ttu.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 811 EP 815 DI 10.2193/2006-373 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 168AU UT WOS:000246495300020 ER PT J AU Niemtzow, RC AF Niemtzow, Richard C. TI Medical acupuncture for pain relief SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Andrews AFB, College Pk, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 568 EP 568 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 171DD UT WOS:000246714200028 ER PT J AU Meng, S Duran, H Hu, J Kyu, T Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Bunning, TJ AF Meng, Scott Duran, Hatice Hu, Jun Kyu, Thein Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Sutherland, Richard L. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Influence of photopolymerization reaction kinetics on diffraction efficiency of H-PDLC undergoing photopatterning reaction in mixtures of acrylic monomer/nematic liquid crystals SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MULTIFUNCTIONAL MONOMERS; INDUCED POLYMERIZATION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; GRATINGS; MODEL; BEHAVIOR; PHOTOINITIATORS; SYSTEM AB The influence of photopolymerization reaction kinetics on diffraction efficiency has been investigated on the mixtures of photocurable acrylic monomer/nematic liquid crystals subjected to photopatterning. Photodifferential scanning calorimetry and real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments were conducted as a function of concentration in order to determine the reaction kinetics of acrylic monomer/liquid crystal mixtures. The lumped reaction rate constants for each concentration exhibited a nonlinear variation of the reaction rate constant with conversion and concentration. To gain fundamental insight, theoretical modeling and numerical simulation have been carried out by combining Flory-Huggins free energy of isotropic mixing and Maier-Saupe free energy of nematic ordering in conjunction with the experimentally determined reaction rate constants. The evolution of diffraction efficiency is discussed in terms of photopolymerization rates, monomer concentrations, and also the type of diffusion such as Fick diffusion occurring in a single phase or mutual diffusion in phase separating systems. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Chem, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kyu, T (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM tkyu@uakron.edu RI Duran, Hatice/B-1423-2009 OI Duran, Hatice/0000-0001-6203-3906 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 9 BP 3190 EP 3197 DI 10.1021/ma070135q PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 159XD UT WOS:000245900200032 ER PT J AU Huang, CY Gregory, JW Sullivan, JP AF Huang, Chihyung Gregory, James W. Sullivan, John P. TI A modified schlieren technique for micro flow visualization SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE schlieren; micronozzle AB A modified schlieren technique has been developed for studies of supersonic flow through a micronozzle setup. After taking the ratio between reference and schlieren images, the noise has been reduced and the contrast in the image has been improved. The shock wave pattern in the micronozzle has been clearly identified at the total pressure of 41.4 kPa. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Huang, CY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM chihyung@purdue.edu RI Huang, Chih-Yung/D-9059-2012; Gregory, James/A-2343-2015 OI Gregory, James/0000-0002-8589-8758 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 BP N32 EP N34 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/18/5/N04 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 168VW UT WOS:000246553100066 ER PT J AU He, P Wilson, G Russell, C Gerschutz, M AF He, Ping Wilson, Glenn Russell, Christopher Gerschutz, Maria TI Removal of ocular artifacts from the EEG: a comparison between time-domain regression method and adaptive filtering method using simulated data SO MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE adaptive filtering; electroencephalogram (EEG); electro-oculogram (EOG); noise canceling; regression method ID ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM AB We recently proposed an adaptive filtering (AF) method for removing ocular artifacts from EEG recordings. The method employs two parameters: the forgetting factor lambda and the filter length M. In this paper, we first show that when lambda = M = 1, the adaptive filtering method becomes equivalent to the widely used time-domain regression method. The role of lambda (when less than one) is to deal with the possible non-stationary relationship between the reference EOG and the EOG component in the EEG. To demonstrate the role of M, a simulation study is carried out that quantitatively evaluates the accuracy of the adaptive filtering method under different conditions and comparing with the accuracy of the regression method. The results show that when there is a shape difference or a misalignment between the reference EOG and the EOG artifact in the EEG, the adaptive filtering method can be more accurate in recovering the true EEG by using an M larger than one (e.g. M = 2 or 3). C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP He, P (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM ping.he@wright.edu NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0140-0118 J9 MED BIOL ENG COMPUT JI Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 495 EP 503 DI 10.1007/s11517-007-0179-9 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics GA 162PE UT WOS:000246099200008 PM 17364185 ER PT J AU Johnson, NH AF Johnson, Nathan H. TI Untitled SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, BSC, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Johnson, NH (reprint author), USAF, BSC, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 172 IS 5 BP VI EP VI PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 167XC UT WOS:000246484800028 PM 17523240 ER PT J AU Sandfry, RA Hall, CD AF Sandfry, Ralph A. Hall, Christopher D. TI Bifurcations of relative equilibria of an oblate gyrostat with a discrete damper SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE bifurcation; continuation; gyrostat ID DUAL-SPIN SPACECRAFT; ATTITUDE STABILITY; DYNAMICS AB We investigate relative equilibria of an oblate gyrostat with a discrete damper. Linear and nonlinear methods yield stability conditions for simple spins about the nominal principal axes. We use analytical and numerical methods to explore other equilibria, including bifurcations that occur for varying rotor momentum and damper parameters. These bifurcations are complex structures that are perturbations of the zero rotor momentum case. We use Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction to determine an analytic relationship between parameters to determine conditions for which a jump phenomenon occurs. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado City, CO 80840 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Sandfry, RA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado City, CO 80840 USA. EM ralph.sandfry@usafa.af.mil NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-090X J9 NONLINEAR DYNAM JI Nonlinear Dyn. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 48 IS 3 BP 319 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s11071-006-9090-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 136CL UT WOS:000244200100005 ER PT J AU Blake, TF Cain, SC Goda, ME Jerkatis, KJ AF Blake, Travis F. Cain, Stephen C. Goda, Matthew E. Jerkatis, Kenneth J. TI Enhancing the resolution of spectral images from the advanced electro-optical system spectral imaging sensor SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XII CY APR 17-20, 2006 CL Kissimmee, FL DE spectral imaging; spectral reconstruction; model-based spectral image reconstruction; spectral image processing; multispectral; hyperspectral Advanced Electro-Optical System telescope; AEOS Spectral Imaging Sensor ID CRYSTAL TUNABLE FILTER AB This research develops a model-based spectral image reconstruction (MBSIR) algorithm to reconstruct images collected from the Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS) Spectral Imaging Sensor (ASIS). The development of the algorithm requires two key elements: 1. the statistics of the photon arrival and 2. estimates of the spatial and spectral transfer functions. With these two elements, the MBSIR algorithm can, through image postprocessing, dramatically increase the resolution of the images as well as give insight into the performance of the imaging sensor itself. The MBSIR algorithm is designed to simultaneously improve both the spatial and spectral resolution, and is derived for the general case of a spectrally variant imaging system. While MBSIR algorithms can be developed for any spectral imaging system, this research focuses on ASIS, a new spectral imaging sensor installed with the 3.6-m AEOS telescope at the Maui Space Surveillance Complex (MSSC). The primary purpose of ASIS is to take spatially resolved spectral images of space objects. The low-light levels and object motion inherent in imaging some objects in space, such as satellites, lead to a sensor design with less spectral resolution than required for image analysis. However, by applying MBSIR to the collected data, the sensor will be capable of achieving a higher resolution, allowing for better spectral analysis. The algorithm is shown to work with simulated ASIS data and measured data from an ASIS-like sensor. (C) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Boeing SVS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Blake, TF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM travis.blake@afit.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOCIETY PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 46 IS 5 AR 057001 DI 10.1117/1.2741281 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA 186XW UT WOS:000247812900043 ER PT J AU Brown, KC Russell, TH Alley, TG Roh, WB AF Brown, Kirk C. Russell, Timothy H. Alley, Thomas G. Roh, Won B. TI Passive combination of multiple beams in an optical fiber via stimulated Brillouin scattering SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate passive combination of multiple beams in an optical fiber via stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Four off-axis beams are combined in a long multimode optical fiber using a novel all-optical mount. The combined beam has the high spatial coherence properties of the LP01 mode owing to the beam cleanup properties of SBS. The threshold for SBS when off-axis pumps are used is shown to be a factor of 13 times higher than for on-axis pump beams. We propose this method would improve the brightness of an array of fiber amplifiers. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, KC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kirk.brown@rl.af.mil; timothy.russell@afit.edu NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1047 EP 1049 DI 10.1364/OL.32.001047 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 159JE UT WOS:000245860900012 PM 17410230 ER PT J AU Stouder, S Jones, L Brietzke, S Mair, EA AF Stouder, Stephanie Jones, Loren Brietzke, Scott Mair, Eric A. TI Does an oral appliance reduce palatal flutter and tongue base snoring? SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP-APNEA; POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE; CROSSOVER AB OBJECTIVES: Oral appliances are designed to treat snoring and sleep apnea by advancing the mandible and tongue. We test the hypothesis that an oral appliance affects palatal snoring as well as tongue base obstruction. METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study. Sixty patients with a chief complaint of snoring with or without apnea were enrolled. Each patient underwent a home sleep test followed by 3 weeks sleeping with an oral appliance. Each patient then underwent a repeat home sleep test while using the device. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in the snores per hour (P = 0.0005), the maximum snoring loudness (P = 0.0001), average snoring loudness (P = 0.00001), and the percentage of palatal snoring (P = 0.0007). There was also a significant decrease in oxygen desaturation events (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This study Suggests oral appliances may be effective treatment for both palatal and tongue base snoring. (C) 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Jones, L (reprint author), 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. OI Brietzke, Scott/0000-0002-2844-6026 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 136 IS 5 BP 827 EP 831 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.11.043 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 164QB UT WOS:000246247600028 PM 17478224 ER PT J AU Ozawa, T Levin, DA Wysong, IJ AF Ozawa, T. Levin, D. A. Wysong, I. J. TI Chemical reaction modeling for hypervelocity collisions between O and HCl SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION MONTE-CARLO; RATE-CONSTANT; SIDE JET; SURFACES; QUANTUM; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; GASES AB The sensitivity of a rarefied-to-transitional flow to the fidelity of the chemical reaction model is investigated for a new molecular dynamics/quasiclassical trajectory (MD/QCT)-derived model and compared with the widely used total collision energy (TCE) model of Bird. For hypervelocity collisions that occur in the space environment, it is not clear, a priori, that the TCE model will provide reasonable results for the required high energy range and, particularly, if strong favoring of the reaction among different forms of reactant energy occurs. In fact, in previous work, the TCE model, using available Arrhenius parameters, has been found, for these flow conditions, to give unphysical probabilities. A chemical reaction model, suitable for use in the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, is developed to simulate the hypervelocity collisions of O(P-3) + HCl((1)Sigma(+)) -> OH((2)Pi)+Cl(P-2), an example of an important reaction in high-altitude atmospheric-jet interactions. The model utilizes the MD/QCT method with a new benchmark triplet A(') surface. Since the modeling of chemical reactions in DSMC simulations requires the use of a reaction probability, the adequacy of the overall collision cross section, usually modeled by the variable hard sphere (VHS) model, is also considered. To obtain an accurate collision cross section, the approach of Tokumasu and Matsumoto was used in the MD/QCT method with the aforementioned potential energy surface. Energy transfer between the target HCl translational and internal energy modes was investigated and it was found that the variation of the inelastic cross section has a negligible effect on the transport cross section. Therefore, a MD/QCT VHS equivalent collision cross section was obtained and along with the MD/QCT reaction cross sections were utilized in the full DSMC calculation of the flow field. It was found that for a low enthalpy reaction, in hypervelocity collisions, the TCE model with accurate Arrhenius rates appears to agree well with the rigorous MD/QCT calculations which shows that the reaction does not exhibit strong favoring. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, Aerophys Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Ozawa, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM txo123@psu.edu; dalevin@psu.edu; Ingrid.Wysong@edwards.af.mil RI Wysong, Ingrid/E-6592-2011 OI Wysong, Ingrid/0000-0003-0591-6862 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5 AR 056102 DI 10.1063/1.2717692 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 173SL UT WOS:000246892700033 ER PT J AU DeJoseph, CA Demidov, VI Kudryavtsev, AA AF DeJoseph, C. A., Jr. Demidov, V. I. Kudryavtsev, A. A. TI Nonlocal effects in a bounded low-temperature plasma with fast electrons SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the APS CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP APS, Div Plasma Phys ID DISCHARGE; AFTERGLOW; MODELS AB Effects associated with nonlocality of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in a bounded, low-temperature plasma containing fast electrons, can lead to a significant increase in the near-wall potential drop, leading to self-trapping of fast electrons in the plasma volume, even if the density of this group is only a small fraction (-0.001%) of the total electron density. If self-trapping occurs, the fast electrons can substantially increase the rate of stepwise excitation, supply additional heating to slow electrons, and reduce their rate of diffusion cooling. Altering the source terms of these fast electrons will, therefore, alter the near-wall sheath and, through modification of the EEDF, a number of plasma parameters. Self-trapping of fast electrons is important in a variety of plasmas, including hollow-cathode discharges and capacitive rf discharges, and is especially pronounced in an afterglow plasma, which is a key phase of any pulse-modulated discharge. In the afterglow, the electron temperature is less than a few tenths of an electron volt, and the fast electrons will have energies typically greater than an electron volt. It is shown that in the afterglow plasma of noble gases, fast electrons, arising from Penning ionization of metastable atoms, can lead to the above condition and significantly change the plasma and sheath properties. Similar effects can be important in technologically relevant electronegative gas plasmas, where fast electrons can arise due to electron detachment in collisions of negative ions with atomic species. Both experimental and modeling results are presented to illustrate these effects. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Opt & Spect, St Petersburg 195904, Russia. RP DeJoseph, CA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/I-3413-2012 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/0000-0002-2232-2954 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2007 VL 14 IS 5 AR 057101 DI 10.1063/1.2436470 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 173SN UT WOS:000246892900140 ER PT J AU Roberts, CG Semiatin, SL Rollett, AD AF Roberts, C. G. Semiatin, S. L. Rollett, A. D. TI Particle-associated misorientation distribution in a nickel-base superalloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nickel; misorientation; texture; grain growth; zener pinning ID GRAIN-GROWTH; BOUNDARIES; STEELS; SIZE AB An approach was developed to quantify the relationship between the location of carbide particles and grain boundaries during the annealing of a typical nickel-base superalloy, Waspaloy. The average grain size increased during supersolvus heat treatment at 1100 degrees C for 1 h despite an absence of carbide coarsening and changes in the global texture. It was determined that the spatial distribution of carbides which developed during annealing was correlated to the grain-boundary misorientation distribution. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roberts, CG (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM croberts@andrew.cmu.edu RI Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012 OI Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 56 IS 10 BP 899 EP 902 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.01.034 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 154FE UT WOS:000245491500022 ER PT J AU Shukla, A Jain, N Chona, R AF Shukla, A. Jain, N. Chona, R. TI A review of dynamic fracture studies in functionally graded materials SO STRAIN LA English DT Review DE a-k relationships; asymptotic expansions; dynamic fracture; FGMs; photoelasticity; transients ID STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; ELASTODYNAMIC CRACK-GROWTH; NONHOMOGENEOUS MATERIALS; GRADIENT MATERIAL; T-STRESS; FIELDS; PROPAGATION; INITIATION; MECHANICS; PLANE AB This article presents a review of dynamic fracture studies on functionally graded materials. A brief literature review on the fracture mechanics of graded materials is presented first. This is followed by a discussion on the higher-order asymptotic analysis of the transient elastic field surrounding the tip of a dynamically growing crack in a functionally graded material. A comprehensive experimental study of dynamic crack growth in model functionally graded material using the optical method of reflection photoelasticity and high-speed photography is then presented. The results are analysed to establish a generalised relationship between the crack velocity and the dynamic mode-I stress intensity factor (SIF). This relationship is found to be unique and is distinctly different from that previously established for the matrix material (polyester). Finally, an innovative experimental procedure is used to demonstrate the necessity of employing a fully transient stress-field representation in the analysis of optical data for an accurate prediction of the dynamic SIF history. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co, Corp Res, Akron, OH 44305 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shukla, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0039-2103 J9 STRAIN JI Strain PD MAY PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 76 EP 95 DI 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2007.00323.x PG 20 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 156KK UT WOS:000245646500002 ER PT J AU Phillips, BS John, G Zabinski, JS AF Phillips, B. S. John, G. Zabinski, J. S. TI Surface chemistry of fluorine containing ionic liquids on steel substrates at elevated temperature using Mossbauer spectroscopy SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mossbauer spectroscopy; ionic liquids; boundary lubrication; surface chemistry ID TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; CONTAINING OILS; CERAMICS; LUBRICATION; DEGRADATION; CONTACT; WEAR; PERFLUOROPOLYETHERS; MOLECULES; FRICTION AB Ionic liquids have properties that make them attractive as solvents for many chemical synthesis and catalysis reactions. Consequently, research has focused on their application as advanced solvents. Recently, ionic liquids were shown to have promise as a lubricant due to many of the same properties that make them useful as solvents. The focus of this paper is to study the surface chemistry of ionic liquid lubricated steel in sliding contact to temperatures from room to 300 degrees C. Tribological properties were evaluated using a pin on disk tribometer with high temperature capability ( up to 800 degrees C). Chemistry was studied using Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Samples used for tribological evaluation were 1 inch diameter polished M50 disks. Samples used for studying the surface chemistry were enriched Fe-57 grown via thermal evaporation. Some Fe-57 samples were oxidized to Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 prior to treatment with ionic liquids. The metallic and oxidized Fe-57 samples were then reacted with ionic liquids at elevated temperatures. Three ionic liquids were used in this study; 1-n-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BF4), 1,2-di-methyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ( TFMS), and 1,2-di-methyl-3-butylimidazolium hexa. uorophosphate (PF6). This study was focused on understanding the high temperature stability of the liquids in contact with metal and under tribological stress. Therefore, the friction data was collected in the boundary ( or mixed boundary/EHL) lubrication region to enhance surface contact. BF4 provided a friction coefficient of 0.04 for both the room and 100 degrees C tests and varied between 0.07 and 0.2 for the 300 degrees C test. The results from TFMS lubrication showed a friction coefficient of 0.025 at room temperature and 0.1 at 100 degrees C. The 300 degrees C test friction coefficient ranged between 0.1 and 0.3. Chemical analysis of the surface revealed corrosion of the surface due to reaction between the ionic liquids and steel/ iron substrates. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmet Mat Div,Nonstruct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, AFIT ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Syst Support Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Phillips, BS (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nonmet Mat Div,Nonstruct Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM benjamin.phillips@wpafb.ab.mil NR 29 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s11249-006-9020-0 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 145AU UT WOS:000244838500001 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Desrosiers, L Xiao, ZFF Wang, SA AF Fadare, Oluwole Desrosiers, Laurephile Xiao, Zhefu F. Wang, Sa A. TI How often does cervical involvement upstage patients with non-myoinvasive (otherwise stage 1A) endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium? SO VIRCHOWS ARCHIV LA English DT Letter ID CANCER; CARCINOMA C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0945-6317 J9 VIRCHOWS ARCH JI Virchows Arch. PD MAY PY 2007 VL 450 IS 5 BP 601 EP 602 DI 10.1007/s00428-007-0397-4 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 162TW UT WOS:000246113400014 PM 17406893 ER PT J AU Artus, L Cusco, R Alarcon-Llado, E Gonzalez-Diaz, G Martil, I Jimenez, J Wang, B Callahan, M AF Artus, L. Cusco, R. Alarcon-Llado, E. Gonzalez-Diaz, G. Martil, I. Jimenez, J. Wang, B. Callahan, M. TI Isotopic study of the nitrogen-related modes in N+-implanted ZnO SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOCAL VIBRATIONAL-MODES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; DOPED ZNO; IMPURITIES; DEVICES; GA AB Micro-Raman measurements were performed to study the nitrogen-related modes in ZnO samples implanted with N+. The two stable N isotopes, N-14 and N-15, were implanted. Distinct peaks at 277 and 512 cm(-1) are observed irrespective of the implanted isotope, both before and after rapid thermal annealing. The insensitivity of the mode frequencies to the implanted isotope rules out the explanation of these modes as local vibrational modes involving N motion. These modes were not detected in ZnO samples implanted with Zn+, O+, or P+, which suggests that they may be associated with distortions/defects favored by the presence of N. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 CSIC, Inst Jaume Almera, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, Fac Fis, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Valladolid, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, ETSII, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Electromagnet Technol Div,Optoelect Technol Branc, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Artus, L (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Jaume Almera, Lluis Sole & Sabaris SN, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM lartus@ija.csic.es RI Alarcon Llado, Esther/I-5583-2015; Martil, Ignacio/E-8943-2016; OI Alarcon Llado, Esther/0000-0001-7317-9863; Martil, Ignacio/0000-0003-3240-3042; Cusco, Ramon/0000-0001-9490-4884 NR 15 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 18 AR 181911 DI 10.1063/1.2734474 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 164CK UT WOS:000246210000042 ER PT J AU Fan, L Fallahi, M Hader, J Zakharian, AR Moloney, JV AF Fan, Li Fallahi, Mahmoud Hader, Jorg Zakharian, Aramais R. Moloney, Jerome V. TI Linearly polarized dual-wavelength vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS AB The authors demonstrate the multiwatt linearly polarized dual-wavelength operation in an optically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser by means of an intracavity tilted Fabry-Perot etalon and a Brewster window. The sum frequency generation from the lithium triborate crystal pumped by this laser confirms that these two wavelengths oscillate simultaneously. Over 30 dB side-mode suppression can be achieved at dual wavelengths with a spectral spacing of 2.1 nm. The output power is slightly reduced by the intracavity Fabry-Perot etalon and Brewster window. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Arete Associates, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. RP Fan, L (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lifan@optics.arizona.edu NR 9 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 18 AR 181124 DI 10.1063/1.2735554 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 164CK UT WOS:000246210000024 ER PT J AU He, GS Zheng, QD Yong, KT Ryasnyanskiy, AI Prasad, PN Urbas, A AF He, Guang S. Zheng, Qingdong Yong, Ken-Tye Ryasnyanskiy, Aleksandr I. Prasad, Paras N. Urbas, Augustine TI Two-photon absorption based optical limiting and stabilization by using a CdTe quantum dot solution excited at optical communication wavelength of similar to 1300 nm SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB This letter presents the results of two-photon study of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in chloroform. The measured two-photon absorption (2PA) spectrum shows that 2PA coefficient at similar to 1300 nm is similar to 0.02 cm/GW. Based on a 1 cm path-length CdTe QD solution sample of 8 mg/ml concentration, irradiated by a focused similar to 1300 nm laser beam of similar to 160 fs duration, the nonlinear transmission could be changed from similar to 100% to similar to 20% when the input pulse energy was varied from similar to 50 nJ to similar to 10 mu J, demonstrating a superior optical limiting performance. The input laser fluctuation was significantly reduced after passing through the sample, indicating a remarkable optical stabilization behavior. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP He, GS (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM gshe@acsu.buffalo.edu RI Zheng, Qingdong/G-7492-2011 NR 8 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 18 AR 181108 DI 10.1063/1.2734904 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 164CK UT WOS:000246210000008 ER PT J AU Jackson, PR Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Baek, SS Keller, KA AF Jackson, P. R. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Baek, S. S. Keller, K. A. TI Compressive creep behavior of an oxide-oxide ceramic composite with monazite fiber coating at elevated temperatures SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); oxides; fibres; coatings; creep; high-temperture properties; mechanical properties; fractography ID BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; SILICON-CARBIDE; POROUS-MATRIX; WATER-VAPOR; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; OXIDATION; STABILITY; PRESSURE AB The compressive creep behavior of a N610/LaPO4/Al2O3 composite was investigated at 900 and 1100 degrees C. The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with NexteI (TM) 610 fibers coated with monazite in a symmetric cross-ply (0 degrees/90 degrees/0 degrees/90 degrees), orientation. The compressive stress-strain behavior was investigated and the compressive properties were measured. Compressive creep behavior was examined for creep stresses in the -50 to -95 MPa range. Minimum creep rate was reached in all tests. At 900 degrees C, both monazite-containing and control (N610/Al2O3) specimens produced creep strains <= -0.05%. At 1100 degrees C, compressive creep strains approached -9%, and compressive creep strain rates, -10(-7) s(-1). Creep run-out defined as 100 h at creep stress, was achieved in all tests. Composite microstructure, damage and failure mechanisms, as well as effects of variation in microstructure on mechanical response were examined. Differences in processing and consequently in the composite microstructure had a significant effect on compressive response of the ceramic-matrix composite (CMC). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Agcy Def Dev, Taejon, South Korea. UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 25 PY 2007 VL 454 BP 590 EP 601 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.11.131 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 159WO UT WOS:000245898500083 ER PT J AU Pradipta, R Labno, A Lee, MC Burke, WJ Sulzer, MP Cohen, JA Burton, LM Kuo, SP Rokusek, DL AF Pradipta, R. Labno, A. Lee, M. C. Burke, W. J. Sulzer, M. P. Cohen, J. A. Burton, L. M. Kuo, S. P. Rokusek, D. L. TI Electron precipitation from the inner radiation belt above Arecibo SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VLF TRANSMISSIONS; PROPAGATION; FLUXES AB We examine possible correlations between occurrences of nighttime E-region plasma line (PL) enhancements over Arecibo and 40.75 kHz NAU emissions. On the night of January 1 - 2, 2006, the experiments were conducted from 22: 00 to 6: 00 local time ( LT). NAU transmitter was initially turned off until 01: 45 LT, when continuous operations resumed for the remainder of the experiments. Enhanced PL events lasting < 10 s had central frequencies and bandwidths of about 2.5 and 1.5 MHz, respectively, indicating that Arecibo radar detected 2.3 to 8.5 eV suprathermal electrons streaming along geomagnetic fields. The rate of PL event detections increased by a factor of 2.8 after NAU turn-on. We suggest that 40.75 kHz radiation sporadically leaked though local ionosphere, probably abetted by field-aligned irregularities. The radiation propagated in whistler mode into the L = 1.35 inner radiation belt where gyroresonant interactions with trapped 390 keV electrons increased the precipitation rate. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fusion Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. Polytech Univ, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Pradipta, R (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fusion Ctr, 167 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mclee@mit.edu OI Pradipta, Rezy/0000-0003-2956-1349 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 17 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 8 AR L08101 DI 10.1029/2007GL029807 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 160NZ UT WOS:000245950900010 ER PT J AU Boasso, A Herbeuval, JP Hardy, AW Anderson, SA Dolan, MJ Fuchs, D Shearer, GM AF Boasso, Adriano Herbeuval, Jean-Philippe Hardy, Andrew W. Anderson, Stephanie A. Dolan, Matthew J. Fuchs, Dietmar Shearer, Gene M. TI HIV inhibits CD4(+) T-cell proliferation by inducing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in plasmacytoid dendritic cells SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; TRANSFER-RNA-SYNTHETASE; TRYPTOPHAN CATABOLISM; INFECTED PATIENTS; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FETAL REJECTION AB Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) results in acute and progressive numeric loss of CD4(+) T-helper cells and functional impairment of T-cell responses. The mechanistic basis of the functional impairment of the surviving cells is not clear. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immumosuppressive enzyme that inhibits T-cell proliferation by catabolizing the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) into the kynurenine (kyn) pathway. Here, we show that IDO mRNA expression is elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV(+) patients compared with uninfected healthy controls (HCs), and that in vitro inhibition of IDO with the competitive blocker 1-methyl tryptophan (1-mT) results in increased CD4(+) T-cell proliferative response in PBMCs from HIV-infected patients. We developed an in vitro model in which exposure of PBMCs from HCs to either infectious or noninfectious, R5- or X4-tropic HIV induced IDO in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). HIV-induced IDO was not inhibited by blocking antibodies against interferon type I or type II, which, however, induced IDO in pDCs when added to PBMC cultures. Blockade of gp120/CD4 interactions with anti-CD4 Ab inhibited HIV-mediated IDO induction. Thus, induction of IDO in pDCs by HIV may contribute to the T-cell functional impairment observed in HIV/AIDS by a non-interferon-dependent mechanism. C1 NCI, NIH, Expt Immunol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20815 USA. Univ Paris 05, Hop Necker, CNRS, UMR 8147, Paris, France. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Innsbruck Med Univ, Div Biol Chem, Innsbruck, Austria. Ludwig Boltzmann Inst AIDS Res, Innsbruck, Austria. RP Boasso, A (reprint author), NCI, NIH, Expt Immunol Branch, 10 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10,Rm 4B36, Bethesda, MD 20815 USA. EM boassoa@mail.nih.gov OI Boasso, Adriano/0000-0001-9673-6319 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 64 TC 178 Z9 186 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 109 IS 8 BP 3351 EP 3359 DI 10.1182/blood-2006-07-034785 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 156OJ UT WOS:000245658500042 PM 17158233 ER PT J AU Derkowska, B Wojdyla, M Bala, W Jaworowicz, K Karpierz, M Grote, JG Krupka, O Kajzar, F Sahraoui, B AF Derkowska, B. Wojdyla, M. Bala, W. Jaworowicz, K. Karpierz, M. Grote, James G. Krupka, O. Kajzar, F. Sahraoui, B. TI Influence of different peripheral substituents on the nonlinear optical properties of cobalt phthalocyanine core SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REVERSE SATURABLE ABSORPTION; THIN-FILMS; DNA AB In this article, we show how the substituting different peripheral substituents around the cobalt phthalocyanine core correlate with nonlinear optical properties. We present the results on nonlinear optical properties of solution of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), cobalt phthalocyanine with DNA-CTMA surfactant complex (CoPc-DNA-CTMA), and cobalt phthalocyanine with liquid crystal (CoPc-LC) measured by degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) method at the 532 nm wavelength region. We found that the values of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (chi(< 3 >)) of CoPc-LC and CoPc-DNA-CTMA increase in comparison with the value of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of CoPc. We supposed that this is caused by increase of the charge-transfer effects and of the dipole moments of the molecule with the increase of the chain length. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. Warsaw Univ Technol, Fac Phys, Opt Div, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Angers, Lab POMA, UMR 6136, CNRS, F-49045 Angers, France. RP Derkowska, B (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM beata@fizyka.umk.pl RI Bala, Waclaw/F-9778-2010; Derkowska-Zielinska, Beata/F-7777-2014 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 8 AR 083112 DI 10.1063/1.2719281 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 162FM UT WOS:000246072200042 ER PT J AU Fang, ZQ Claflin, B Look, DC Farlow, GC AF Fang, Z.-Q. Claflin, B. Look, D. C. Farlow, G. C. TI Electron irradiation induced deep centers in hydrothermally grown ZnO SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED CURRENT SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; DEFECTS AB An n-type hydrothermally grown ZnO sample becomes semi-insulating (rho similar to 10(8) Omega cm) after 1-MeV electron-irradiation. Deep traps produced by the irradiation were studied by thermally stimulated current spectroscopy. The dominant trap in the as-grown sample has an activation energy of 0.24 eV and is possibly related to Li(Zn) acceptors. However, the electron irradiation introduces a new trap with an activation energy of 0.15 eV, and other traps of energy 0.30 and 0.80 eV, respectively. From a comparison of these results with positron annihilation experiments and density functional theory, we conclude that the 0.15-eV trap may be related to V(Zn).(c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45435 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Fang, ZQ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM zhaoqiang.fang@wright.edu NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 8 AR 086106 DI 10.1063/1.2719003 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 162FM UT WOS:000246072200174 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Garscadden, A Ganguly, BN AF Jiao, C. Q. Garscadden, A. Ganguly, B. N. TI Charge transfer reactions in Xe plasma expansion SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; PRESSURE VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; IMPERFECT GASES; DEPOSITION; FILMS; METHANE; DISCHARGE; MIXTURES; CH4/AR; VACUUM AB Charge transfer reactions of fast Xe ions with hydrocarbons including methane (CH(4)), ethene (C(2)H(4)), and propane (C(3)H(8)) are studied by adding these hydrocarbon gases into a cross flowing Xe plasma expansion. Branching ratios and relative reaction rates for the charge transfers of fast Xe(+) with each of the three hydrocarbon gases are measured under different rf powers of the inductively coupled Xe discharge. For CH(4)/Xe system, we find that fast Xe(+) reacts readily with CH(4) generating CH(4)(+)and CH(3)(+) in a ratio of 1:0.56, with an estimated rate coefficient of (2.3 +/- 0.3)x10(-10) cm(3)/s at 75 W rf power which slowly increases to (2.9 +/- 0.3)x10(-10) cm(3)/s at 250 W (error bars reflect only the uncertainties due to the unknown extent of the ion recombination that follows the charge transfer reaction). These observed charge transfer reactions are made possible by the kinetically excited Xe ions produced by free expansion of the plasma. For the C(2)H(4)/Xe system product ions C(2)H(4)(+) and C(2)H(2)(+) are observed, and for C(3)H(8)/Xe, C(2)H(4)(+) and C(2)H(5)(+) and minor product ions including C(2)H(2)(+) and C(3)H(7)(+) are observed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiao, CQ (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 8 AR 083308 DI 10.1063/1.2721747 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 162FM UT WOS:000246072200054 ER PT J AU Kwon, C Young, JL James, RG Levin, GA Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF Kwon, C. Young, J. L. James, R. G. Levin, George A. Haugan, Timothy J. Barnes, Paul N. TI Effects of local artificial defects in multifilamentary coated conductors with patterned links SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZATION LOSSES; LOSS REDUCTION; YBCO; FILMS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DISSIPATION; MICROSCOPY AB Multifilamentary coated conductor (MFCC) samples with patterned links have been studied using transport and scanning laser microscopy (SLM) techniques. Striation patterns are fashioned to define multiple filaments with discretely placed superconducting (SC) links between the filaments for current sharing and redistribution. After initial measurements, an artificial incision is made on a filament to mimic a disabled filament. The changes in global and local current transport characteristics are noted for in terms of the redistribution of current flow and the modification of local dissipation. Our results show that the patterned links between filaments play a vital role in redistributing current and encouraging current sharing. We find that the main factors in limiting the current-carrying capability of MFCC samples are local current density increases, which we call "current crowding." The susceptible areas for current crowding are several: (1) filaments adjacent to the disabled ones, since the intact filaments have to carry extra current, (2) the links where current redistribution occurs, and (3) the partially blocked filament. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kwon, C (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM ckwon@csulb.edu RI Kwon, Chuhee/A-8687-2008; OI JAMES, RYAN/0000-0003-2149-9085 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 8 AR 083908 DI 10.1063/1.2716211 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 162FM UT WOS:000246072200104 ER PT J AU Lair, AV AF Lair, Alan V. TI Large solutions of semilinear elliptic equations under the Keller-Osserman condition SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE entire solution; large solution; elliptic equation; sublinear AB We consider the equation Delta u = p(x) f (u) where p is a nonnegative nontrivial continuous function and f is continuous and nondecreasing on [0, infinity), satisfies f (0) = 0, f (s) > 0 for s > 0 and the Keller-Osserman condition integral(infinity)(1) (F(s))(-1/2) ds = infinity where F(s) = integral(s)(0)f (t) dt. We establish conditions on the function p that are necessary and sufficient for the existence of positive solutions, bounded and unbounded, of the given equation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, ENC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lair, AV (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, ENC, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.lair@afit.edu NR 8 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 328 IS 2 BP 1247 EP 1254 DI 10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.06.060 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 131EJ UT WOS:000243850700039 ER PT J AU Polynkin, P Peleg, A Klein, L Rhoadarmer, T Moloney, J AF Polynkin, Pavel Peleg, Avner Klein, Laura Rhoadarmer, Troy Moloney, Jerome TI Optimized multiemitter beams for free-space optical communications through turbulent atmosphere SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY COHERENT BEAMS; GAUSSIAN-BEAM; SCINTILLATION INDEX; PROPAGATION; DEGRADATION AB Using laser beams with less than perfect spatial coherence is an effective way of reducing scintillations in free-space optical communication links. We report a proof-of-principle experiment that quantifies this concept for a particular type of a partially coherent beam. In our scaled model of a free-space optical communication link, the beam is composed of several partially overlapping fundamental Gaussian beams that are mutually incoherent. The turbulent atmosphere is simulated by a random phase screen imprinted with Kolmogorov turbulence. Our experiments show that for both weak-to-intermediate and strong turbulence an optimum separation between the constituent beams exists such that the scintillation index of the optical signal at the detector is minimized. At the minimum, the scintillation reduction factor compared with the case of a single Gaussian beam is substantial, and it is found to grow with the number of constituent beams. For weak-to-intermediate turbulence, our experimental results are in reasonable agreement with calculations based on the Rytov approximation. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Starfire Opt Range, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Polynkin, P (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ppolynkin@optics.arizona.edu NR 13 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 8 BP 885 EP 887 DI 10.1364/OL.32.000885 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 154PT UT WOS:000245520400001 PM 17375142 ER PT J AU Kanmae, T Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC McHarg, MG AF Kanmae, T. Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. McHarg, M. G. TI Altitude resolved sprite spectra with 3 ms temporal resolution SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; EMISSIONS; N-2; NITROGEN; POPULATIONS; AFTERGLOW AB Altitude resolved sprite spectra have been obtained with an imaging slit spectrograph with 3 ms temporal and similar to 3 nm spectral resolution. Spectral coverage is from 640 to 820 nm. The slit was vertical to provide altitude resolution. The observed spectra are exclusively composed of emissions from the N-2 first positive (1PG) bands. There are no obvious N-2(+) Meinel emissions, probably due to a combination of quenching and rapid motion of the streamer heads in which ionization is assumed to take place. The spectral analysis shows that the vibrational population in the upper state of the 1PG bands, N-2 B (3)Pi(g) state, varies with altitude and is similar to that of laboratory afterglow at high pressure. This result suggests that secondary interactions among excited states created by electron impact may also play a role in exciting the B (3)Pi(g) state. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kanmae, T (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tkammae@gi.alaska.edu; hnielsen@gi.alaska.edu; matthew.mcharg@usafa.af.mil OI Kanmae, Takeshi/0000-0001-9893-9718 NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 13 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 7 AR L07810 DI 10.1029/2006GL028608 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 157NH UT WOS:000245726400003 ER PT J AU Das, GP Dudis, DS Yeates, AT Blaudeau, JP AF Das, G. P. Dudis, D. S. Yeates, A. T. Blaudeau, J.-P. TI An ab initio fragment orbital theory (AFOT) for molecules: Application to some platinum poly-ynes SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; APPROXIMATE COMPUTATIONAL METHOD; BENZENE; SYSTEMS; ATOMS AB The AFOT formalism, which treats a molecule fragment by fragment, has hitherto been restricted to primarily pi-electron systems. The method has been successfully applied to calculate the energetics and two-photon absorption properties of several organic molecules. The present work extends the formalism to include organometallic compounds, allowing non-pi like valence framework. The extension also allows the use of effective core potentials (ECP). We apply the present modified AFOT formalism to calculate the low-lying excited states of a series of platinum poly-yne oligomers. Comparison with experiment indicates the suitability of the model for such compounds. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. High Performance Technol Inc, ASC HP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Das, GP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Alan.Yeates@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 438 IS 1-3 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.11.113 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 158FG UT WOS:000245776300017 ER PT J AU Williams, PD Spafford, EH AF Williams, Paul D. Spafford, Eugene H. TI CuPIDS: An exploration of highly focused, co-processor-based information system protection SO COMPUTER NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE intrusion detection; information system security; co-processor; multi-processor; security policy compliance monitoring ID INTRUSION DETECTION AB The Co-Processing Intrusion Detection System (CuPIDS) project explores improving information system security through dedicating computational resources to system security tasks in a shared resource, multi-processor (MP) architecture. Our research explores ways in which this architecture offers improvements over the traditional uni-processor (UP) model of security. One approach we examined has a protected application running on one processor in a symmetric multi-processing (SMP) system while a shadow process specific to that application runs on a different processor. The shadow process monitors the application process' activity, ready to respond immediately if the application violates policy. Experiments with a prototype CuPIDS system demonstrate the feasibility of this approach in the context of a self-protecting and self-healing system. An untuned prototype supporting fine-grained protection of the real-world application WU-FTP resulted in less than a 15% slowdown while demonstrating CuPIDS' ability to quickly detect illegitimate behavior, raise an alarm, automatically repair the damage done by the fault or attack, allow the application to resume execution, and export a signature for the activity leading up to the error. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Purdue Univ, CERIAS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Williams, PD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM pdwillia@woh.rr.com RI Spafford, Eugene/Q-1244-2015 OI Spafford, Eugene/0000-0002-5555-8330 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-1286 J9 COMPUT NETW JI Comput. Netw. PD APR 11 PY 2007 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1284 EP 1298 DI 10.1016/j.comnet.2006.09.011 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 138RB UT WOS:000244378800005 ER PT J AU Chromik, RR Baker, CC Voevodin, AA Wahl, KJ AF Chromik, Richard R. Baker, Colin C. Voevodin, Andrey A. Wahl, Kathryn J. TI In situ tribometry of solid lubricant nanocomposite coatings SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE nanocomposite; MoS2; velocity accommodation; transfer film; in situ tribometry ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; COMPOSITE COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; 3RD BODIES; WEAR; FILMS; FRICTION AB The friction and wear behavior of nanocomposite coatings comprised of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), An, carbon and MoS2 were studied by in situ tribometry in both dry nitrogen (3-5% RH) and humid air (35-45% RH). Transfer film formation and interfacial dynamics were evaluated by direct observation of the sliding contact through a sapphire hemisphere. Four different third-body velocity accommodation modes (VAMs) were identified: (1) interfacial sliding, (2) interfacial sliding combined with transfer film shearing, (3) plowing and (4) local plowing and transfer film extrusion. The first two VAMs were associated with low, stable friction in dry and humid environments. The second two VAMs were associated with high friction in dry conditions and increased wear. Tribological performance and VAMs were also correlated with coating composition and mechanical properties. Friction spiking occurred for coatings with greater YSZ content. Harder coatings exhibited high friction run-in that was more pronounced for coatings with high carbon content. In situ experiments demonstrated that friction and wear performance was controlled by stable transfer film formation and VAMs associated with a lubricating condition (interfacial sliding or transfer film shearing). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wahl, KJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect, Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kathryn.wahl@nrl.navy.mil RI Chromik, Richard/D-8566-2011; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Baker, Colin/I-6657-2015; OI Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 34 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD APR 10 PY 2007 VL 262 IS 9-10 BP 1239 EP 1252 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2007.01.001 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 158MZ UT WOS:000245796900024 ER PT J AU Sakaguchi, K Shiokawa, K Ieda, A Miyoshi, Y Otsuka, Y Ogawa, T Connors, M Donovan, EF Rich, FJ AF Sakaguchi, K. Shiokawa, K. Ieda, A. Miyoshi, Y. Otsuka, Y. Ogawa, T. Connors, M. Donovan, E. F. Rich, F. J. TI Simultaneous ground and satellite observations of an isolated proton arc at subauroral latitudes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; DETACHED ARCS; PC1 PULSATIONS; TROUGH REGION; AURORAL ARCS; PRECIPITATION; PLASMAPAUSE; GENERATION; PATCHES; FLUXES AB [1] We observed an isolated proton arc at the Athabasca station (MLAT: 62 degrees N) in Canada on 5 September 2005, using a ground-based all-sky imager at wavelengths of 557.7 nm, 630.0 nm, and 486.1 nm (H beta). This arc is similar to the detached proton arc recently observed by the IMAGE satellite [Immel et al., 2002]. The arc appeared at 0500-0640 UT (2100-2240 MLT), coincident with strong Pc 1 geomagnetic pulsations in the frequency range of the electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave. The isolated arc did not change its structure and intensity during the late growth and expansive phases of a small substorm that occurred at 0550 UT. From particle data obtained by the NOAA 17 satellite, we found that the isolated arc was associated with the localized enhancement of ion precipitation fluxes at an energy range of 30-80 keV at L similar to 4. Trapped ion flux enhancements ( ring current ions) were also observed at two latitudinally separated regions. The localized ion precipitation was located at the outer boundary of the inner ring current ions. The DMSP F13 satellite observed signatures of an ionospheric plasma trough near the conjugate point of the arc in the Southern Hemisphere. The trough is considered to be connected to the plasmapause. These results indicate that the source region of the isolated arc was located near the plasmapause and in the ring current. We conclude that the observed isolated proton arc at subauroral latitudes was caused by the EMIC waves, which were generated near the plasmapause and resonantly scattered the ring current protons into the loss cone. C1 Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Aichi 4428507, Japan. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. USAF, Res Lab, VSBXP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Athabasca Univ, Ctr Sci, Athabasca, AB, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Sakaguchi, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Aichi 4428507, Japan. EM kaori@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; shiokawa@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; ieda@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; miyoshi@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; otsuka@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; ogawa@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp; martinc@athabascau.ca; eric@phys.ucalgary.ca; frederick.rich@hanscam.af.mil RI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/B-5834-2015; OI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/0000-0001-7998-1240; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 6 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A4 AR A04202 DI 10.1029/2006JA012135 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 155NL UT WOS:000245584000003 ER PT J AU Gorokhovsky, V Bowman, C Gannon, P VanVorous, D Voevodin, AA Rutkowski, A AF Gorokhovsky, Vladimir Bowman, Chris Gannon, Paul VanVorous, Dave Voevodin, Andrey A. Rutkowski, A. TI Tribological performance of hybrid filtered arc-magnetron coatings. Part II: Tribological properties characterization SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE filtered-arc; nanocomposite; PFPAE; corrosion ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CORROSION-RESISTANCE; CONTACT AB Nano-structured coating architectures were developed to provide a best blend of corrosion and wear resistance for high chromium content steels used in aerospace bearing and gear applications. A hybrid filtered arc-magnetron deposition process was employed to deposit functionally graded, multilayered and nanocomposite TiCrN/TiCrCN+TiBC cermet coatings on carburized steel substrates. Coatings exhibited excellent adhesion to the carburized surfaces and had hardness in the range of 23-25 GPa. Tribological properties of the coatings were characterized by: pin-on-disk COF, lubricated sliding, reciprocating sliding, and 3 ball half thrust bearing tests in dry and lubricated environments at high contact stresses. Both polyester and perfluoropolyalkylethers (PFPAE) based lubricants were used to evaluate coating performance with neutral and chemically aggressive lubrication. Sliding friction and reciprocating sliding wear tests were performed using modified disk-on-ring and point-on-disk arrangements, respectively. Contact stresses were estimated using the Hertzian contact formula (sliding friction), and through direct measurements of contact areas by SEM (reciprocating sliding). Low-speed thrust bearing high load rolling contact was evaluated at 350 degrees C, using Si(3)N(4) balls and PFPAE-based lubricant, at contact stresses of similar to 3.2 GPa. Aggressive corrosion testing was performed on coated samples using MIL-STD-810F "salt-fog" testing. Wear and corrosion behavior was investigated using SEM/EDS, EDX, AFM, profilometry, and optical microscopy. The influence of coating architecture on wear properties was investigated. Multifold improvements in the surface dry and lubricated wear life, reduction of the dry friction coefficient, prevention of corrosion attack from the products of PFPAE lubricant degradation, and improvement of salt-fog corrosion resistance are demonstrated. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arcomac Surface Engn LLC, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. AFRL, MLBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Gorokhovsky, V (reprint author), Arcomac Surface Engn LLC, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. EM vigase@aol.com RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD APR 2 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 14 BP 6228 EP 6238 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.11.017 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 148HL UT WOS:000245065200006 ER PT J AU Joe, BN Suh, J Hildebolt, CF Hovsepian, DM Johnston, B Bae, KT AF Joe, Bonnie N. Suh, Jongdae Hildebolt, Charles F. Hovsepian, David M. Johnston, Brian Bae, Kyongtae T. TI MR volumetric measurements of the myomatous uterus: Improved reliability of stereology over linear measurements SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fibroid; uterine artery embolization; volume; stereology; MR ID UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLIZATION; POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; FIBROID EMBOLIZATION; QUANTITATIVE MRI; LEIOMYOMAS AB Rationale and Objectives. Stereology is a simple, fast method for object segmentation that involves counting the number of intersections of a randomly positioned grid over an object. The objectives of this study were to determine observer reliability in making stereologic- and ellipsoid-based measurements of uterine and leiomyoma volumes and to test the agreement between these two methods of measurement. Materials and Methods. Two observers made uterine and dominant leiomyoma volume, measurements on MR images in 30 patients using stereology and the popular ellipsoid-based technique. Stereologic volume measurements were made from high-resolution T2 images in two perpendicular planes (axial and sagittal). Ellipsoid volume was calculated by multiplying the maximal sagittal, anteroposterior, and transverse dimensions by pi/6. For these measurements, interobserver reliability was tested with paired t-tests and percent differences were determined. A mean stereologic volume and a mean ellipsoid volume were determined and tested for agreement with a paired t-test. Percent differences were also calculated. Results. Stereologic measurements demonstrated excellent interobserver reliability with 0.3% difference in mean uterine volumes (P =.69) and 0.3% difference (P=.81) in mean leiomyoma volumes. The ellipsoid method resulted in poorer interobserver reliability with 7% difference (P=.01) in mean uterine volumes and 4% difference (p =.24) in mean leiomyoma volumes. The ellipsoid method also significantly overestimated uterine volumes by 14% (P <.01) compared with stereology. Conclusion. Stereology provided high interobserver reliability for leiomyoma and overall uterine volume measurements and was more reliable than the ellipsoid method, which uses linear measurements. Stereology appears well suited when precise volume measurements are desired for assessing response to uterine arterial embolization treatments. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Washington Univ, Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, St Louis, MO USA. 341st Med Grp, Malmstrom AFB, MT USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Radiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Joe, BN (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, Box 0628,L325B,505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM Bonnie.joe@Radiology.ucsf.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC UNIV RADIOLOGISTS PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523-2251 USA SN 1076-6332 J9 ACAD RADIOL JI Acad. Radiol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 14 IS 4 BP 455 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.acra.2007.01.004 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 155KR UT WOS:000245576800013 PM 17368215 ER PT J AU Nesterov, VN Sarkisov, SS Curley, MJ Urbas, A AF Nesterov, Vladimir N. Sarkisov, Sergey S. Curley, Michael J. Urbas, Augustine TI An orthorhombic polymorph of 3,5-bis[4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene]-1-methyl-4-piperidone SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title compound, C24H29N3O, is an orthorhombic modification of the known monoclinic polymorph. In the crystal structure, weak C - (HN)-N-... and C - (HO)-O-... hydrogen bonds help to establish a non-centrosymmetric packing arrangement. C1 New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. SSS Opt Technol, LLC, Huntsville, AL 35816 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLPJ, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nesterov, VN (reprint author), New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. EM vnesterov@nmhu.edu NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD APR PY 2007 VL 63 BP O1785 EP O1787 DI 10.1107/S1600536807011270 PN 4 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 153LL UT WOS:000245436300221 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Tavassoli, FA AF Fadare, Oluwole Tavassoli, Fattaneh A. TI Decidual vasculopathic-like lesion in endometrial ablation - In reply SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Womens Hlth Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 131 IS 4 BP 519 EP 519 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 155WY UT WOS:000245610500005 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Ling, AG AF Cliver, E. W. Ling, A. G. TI Electrons and protons in solar energetic particle events SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; shock waves; Sun : flares; Sun : particle emission ID ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; X-RAY FLARES; HE-3-RICH EVENTS; WIND SPACECRAFT; HIGH-ENERGIES; ABUNDANCES; HEAVY; ACCELERATION; BURSTS; ORIGIN AB A plot of 0.5 MeV peak electron intensity versus > 10 MeV peak proton intensity for well-connected solar energetic particle (SEP) events from 1997 to 2003 reveals two distinct populations: ( 1) a group of events with peak proton intensities < 3 protons cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) that have electron-to-proton (e/p) ratios ranging from similar to 10(2) to 2; 10(4) and ( 2) a well-defined branch spanning peak proton intensities from similar to 3 to 10(4) protons cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) with e/p ratios ranging from similar to 10(1) to 2 x10(2). Events with strong abundance enhancements of trans-Fe elements form a prominent subset of "population 1'' and are absent from "population 2.'' For a sample of poorly connected SEP events, population 1 largely disappears, and population 2 is observed to extend down to low (< 10(-1) protons cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1)) proton intensities. Plots of 0.5 MeV peak electron intensity versus > 30 MeV peak proton intensity yield comparable results. The SEP events in population 2 are highly (similar to 90%) associated with dekametric/hectometric (DH) type II bursts versus only a similar to 20% association rate for population 1 events. Population 2 events have flatter electron (0.5-4.4MeV) and proton spectra (10-30 MeV) than those in population 1. Based on their high e/p ratios, trans-Fe enhancements, poor association with DH type IIs, and inferred small "emission cones,'' population 1 events are attributed to acceleration in solar flares. For population 2 events, evidence for a dominant shock process includes their flatter spectra, apparent widespread sources, and high association with DH type II bursts. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Atmospher Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM edward.cliver@hanscom.af.mil; alan.ling@hanscom.af.mil NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2007 VL 658 IS 2 BP 1349 EP 1356 DI 10.1086/511737 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 153BE UT WOS:000245405900056 ER PT J AU Storms, PR AF Storms, Patrick R. TI Primary cerebral lymphoma: Clinical and aeromedical considerations SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Cancer, and the complications of cancer therapy, can present significant obstacles to the airman wishing to return to flying status. If found to be free of recurrent lymphoma and to be neurologically intact after completion of therapy, applicants can be considered for a time-limited medical certificate, provided that they are otherwise qualified. Longterm follow up of patients must include not only disease-free survival time, but also serial neuropsychometric evaluation and quality-of-life assessments. This case illustrates the aeromedical considerations and certification issues for a patient presenting with performance issues progressing to discreet neurological findings, culminating in the diagnosis and treatment of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. C1 USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Storms, PR (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 78 IS 4 BP 440 EP 441 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 156HF UT WOS:000245638000015 PM 17484350 ER PT J AU Iacono, ST Perpall, MW Wapner, PG Hoffman, WP Smith, DW AF Iacono, Scott T. Perpall, Mark W. Wapner, Phillip G. Hoffman, Wesley P. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. TI Carbonization and thermal expansion of glassy carbon derived from bis-ortho-diynylarenes SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID BERGMAN CYCLOPOLYMERIZATION KINETICS; POLYNAPHTHALENE NETWORKS; POLYMER AB Bis-ortho-diynylarene (BODA) monomers form rigid polynaphthalene networks via thermal Bergman cyclizations at 300-400 degrees C. Upon further heating to 1000 degrees C, glassy carbon with high yield (> 80%) is formed from the polynaphthalene precursor. Dilatometry was used to determine the linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of various BODA-derived glassy carbon. The measured CTE was similar to other glassy carbon-based systems ranging from 3.20 to 6.92 x 10(-6) C-1 over 20-1000 degrees C. An increase in short-range order was apparent when polynaphthalene networks were carbonized to 1500 degrees C; the CTE observed for such thermal cycling was 2.85-2.93 x 10(-6)degrees C-1 over 20-1000 degrees C. Using dilatometry also provided insight on the carbonization mechanism to provide optimization of glassy carbon yields during thermal cycling. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Adv Mat Res Labs, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Ctr Opt Mat Sci & Engn Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Smith, DW (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Adv Mat Res Labs, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM dwsmith@clemson.edu NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 931 EP 935 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.01.002 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 169RK UT WOS:000246609200004 ER PT J AU King, JM Gonzalez, JE Arthur, DE Derickson, DL AF King, Jonathan M. Gonzalez, Jeannette E. Arthur, D'Ann E. Derickson, Darcy L. TI The effect of oxidative stress on the function and protein composition of tight junctions in MDCK cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP A452 EP A452 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HD UT WOS:000245708503477 ER PT J AU Lively, EA Schmidt, NL Casabai, RCT Wallace, AD Gardiner, CS DeKrey, GK AF Lively, Erin A. Schmidt, Nissa L. Casabai, Richard C. T. Wallace, Andrew D. Gardiner, Catherine S. DeKrey, Gregory K. TI Endosulfan-a induces CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 by activating the pregnane x receptor SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2007 Annual Meeting CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2007 CL Washington, DC C1 Univ No Colorado, Sch Biol Sci, Greeley, CO 80639 USA. HEPB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 6 BP A1183 EP A1183 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 157HF UT WOS:000245708703441 ER PT J AU Wilson, KA Salas, E Priest, HA Andrews, D AF Wilson, Katherine A. Salas, Eduardo Priest, Heather A. Andrews, Dee TI Errors in the heat of battle: Taking a closer look at shared cognition breakdowns through teamwork SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID GROUP COHESIVENESS; MENTAL MODELS; PERFORMANCE; WORK; TEAMS; LEVEL; TRUST; INTERDEPENDENCE; ORIENTATION; PERSONALITY AB Objective: We developed a theoretically based taxonomy for classifying shared cognition breakdowns related to teamwork which contribute to fratricide incidents. Background: Fratricide on the battlefield is an inescapable cost of war. A number of technological advancements have been made in terms of combat identification systems to reduce the risk of these incidents. However, fratricide continues to occur at alarming rates. Method: We take a human-centered approach to understanding errors leading to fratricide incidents by focusing on shared cognition. We turn to the literature and provide the theoretical foundations for an error classification taxonomy to improve understanding of why fratricide incidents occur. Results: Based on our review of the literature, we identified a number of problem areas leading to fratricide incidents. However, many of the cited contributing factors were broad terms (e.g., poor coordination) and did little to tell us why the breakdown occurred and where improvements are needed. Therefore, we chose to focus on one specific area - teamwork breakdowns - and discuss in depth how these breakdowns contribute to fratricide. Conclusion: In this paper, we take a first step toward proposing a taxonomy that allows for the diagnostic assessment of what causes teamwork breakdowns in fratricide. We understand that a taxonomy is only as good as the data available and encourage richer case studies from which to learn. Application: To apply this taxonomy in an operational setting, we provide a set of behavioral markers that can be used to identify teamwork breakdowns on the battlefield. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat Training, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Wilson, KA (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat Training, 3100 Technol Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM kwilson@ist.ucf.edu NR 92 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 14 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD APR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 2 BP 243 EP 256 DI 10.1518/001872007X312478 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 145ZI UT WOS:000244903900007 PM 17447666 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Cruz, JB Schumacher, CJ AF Liu, Yong Cruz, Jose B., Jr. Schumacher, Corey J. TI Pop-up threat models for persistent area denial SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Pop-up threats usually appear or disappear randomly in a battle field. If the next pop-up threat locations could be predicted it would assist a search or attack team, such as in a persistent area denial (PAD) mission, in getting a team of unmanned air vehicles'(UAVs) to the threats sooner. We present a Markov model for predicting pop-up ground threats in military operations. We first introduce a general Markov chain of order n to capture the dependence of the appearance of pop-up threats at previous locations of the pop-up threats over time. We then present an adaptive approach to estimate the stationary transition probabilities of the nth order Markov models. To choose the order of the Markov chain model for a specific application, we suggest using hypothesis tests from statistical inference on historical data of pop-up threat locations. Anticipating intelligent responses from an adversary, which might change its pop-up threat deployment strategy upon observing UAV movements, we present adaptive Markov chain models using a moving horizon approach to estimate possibly abrupt changes in transition probabilities. We combine predicted and actual pop-up target locations to develop efficient cooperative strategies for networked UAVs. A theoretical analysis and simulation results are presented to evaluate the Markov model used for predicting pop-up threats. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of cooperative strategies using the combined information of threats and predicted threats in improving overall mission performance. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM yongliu6@hotmail.com; jbcruz@icee.org NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 509 EP 521 DI 10.1109/TAES.2007.4285350 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 209KA UT WOS:000249386200008 ER PT J AU Melvin, WL Davis, ME AF Melvin, William L. Davis, Mark E. TI Adaptive cancellation method for geometry-induced nonstationary bistatic clutter environments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID STAP; PERFORMANCE; ARRAYS; RADAR AB This paper describes and characterizes a new bistatic space-time adaptive processing (STAP) clutter mitigation method. The approach involves estimating and compensating aspects of the spatially varying bistatic clutter response in both angle and Doppler prior to adaptive clutter suppression. An important feature of the proposed method is its ability to extract requisite implementation information from the data itself, rather than rely on ancillary-and possibly erroneous or missing-system measurements. We justify the essence of the proposed method by showing its ability to align the dominant clutter subspaces of each range realization relative to a suitably chosen reference point as a means of homogenizing the space-time data set. Moreover, we numerically characterize performance using synthetic bistatic clutter data. For the examples considered herein, the proposed bistatic STAP method leads to maximum performance improvements between 17.25 dB and 20.75 dB relative to traditional STAP application, with average improvements of 6 dB to 10 dB. C1 Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, Smyrna, GA 30080 USA. US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Melvin, WL (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab, 7220 Richardson Rd, Smyrna, GA 30080 USA. EM bill.melvin@gtri.gatech.edu NR 33 TC 38 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 651 EP 672 DI 10.1109/TAES.2007.4285360 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 209KA UT WOS:000249386200018 ER PT J AU Noh, KL Chaudhari, QM Serpedin, E Suter, BW AF Noh, Kyoung-Lae Chaudhari, Qasim Mahmood Serpedin, Erchin Suter, Bruce W. TI Novel clock phase offset and skew estimation using two-way timing message exchanges for wireless sensor networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE clock synchronization; timing-sync protocol for sensor networks (TPSN); wireless sensor network (WSN) AB Recently, a few efficient timing synchronization protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been proposed with the goal of maximizing the accuracy and minimizing the power utilization. This paper proposes novel clock skew estimators assuming different delay environments to achieve energy-efficient network-wide synchronization for WSNs. The proposed clock skew correction mechanism significantly increases the re-synchronization period, which is a critical factor in reducing the overall power consumption. The proposed synchronization scheme can be applied to the conventional protocols without additional overheads. Moreover, this paper derives the Cramer-Rao lower bounds and the maximum likelihood estimators under different delay models and assumptions. These analytical metrics serves as good benchmarks for the thus far reported experimental results. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Noh, KL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM abigbliss@tamu.edu; qasimilyas@neo.tamu.edu; serpedin@ece.tamu.edu; Bruce.Suter@rl.af.mil NR 14 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0090-6778 EI 1558-0857 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 766 EP 777 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.2007.894102 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 161RV UT WOS:000246034300016 ER PT J AU George, K Chen, CIH Tsui, JBY AF George, Kiran Chen, Chien-In Henry Tsui, James B. Y. TI Extension of two-signal spurious-free dynamic range of wideband digital receivers using Kaiser window and compensation method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE compensation; digital receiver; false alarm; instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) receiver; Kaiser window; microwave receiver; monobit receiver; normalization; receiver-on-a-chip (ROC); super-resolution; spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) ID MONOBIT RECEIVER AB One of the most major trends in modern microwave signals is the shift toward wider bandwidths. Analog wideband receiver designs can provide accommodation of the technology-stressing bandwidths, but come up to a cost of reduced flexibility. Digital approaches, alternatively, provide flexibility in receiver signal processing, but they are limited by analog-to-digital converter resolution and power consumption. In this paper, design and implementation of a 1-GHz signal bandwidth digital receiver, which uses the Kaiser window function and compensation technique, is presented. The Kaiser window reduces the spectral leakage by eliminating the discontinuities at the time window edges and the compensation uncovers the weak signal for extension of the two-signal spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of the receiver. The combination of both techniques extends the two-signal SFDR of the receiver to 24 dB. A novel hardware implementation of the Kaiser window and the compensation method is presented. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Ref & Receiver Applicat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP George, K (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM george.19@wright.edu; henry.chen@wright.edu NR 16 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD APR PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 788 EP 794 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2007.892818 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 158CN UT WOS:000245768700027 ER PT J AU Zelinski, GM Thiele, GA Hastriter, ML Havrilla, MJ Terzuoli, AJ AF Zelinski, G. M. Thiele, G. A. Hastriter, M. L. Havrilla, M. J. Terzuoli, A. J. TI Half width leaky wave antennas SO IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAS; MODES; LINES; PROPAGATION; REFLECTION; SLAB; END AB Leaky travelling wave antennas that use the first microstrip higher-order mode are analysed. The antennas investigated here are only half the width of previous leaky wave designs and utilise a structure that inherently suppresses the fundamental mode. Since mode purity is assured, the need for an elaborate feed structure is eliminated. A means for extracting the complex propagation constant of a leaky wave antenna is presented using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Agreement is shown between the resulting propagation constant and another established theoretical method, the transverse resonance method. Representative measured far-field patterns are included, which are consistent with the computed propagation constants. The properties of curving the leaky wave structure are also studied. C1 AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zelinski, GM (reprint author), AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gregory.zelinskil@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU INSTITUTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8725 J9 IET MICROW ANTENNA P JI IET Microw. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1049/iet-map:20060011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 169NY UT WOS:000246600100013 ER PT J AU Alsing, PM Cardimona, DA Huang, DH Apostolova, T Glass, WR Castillo, CD AF Alsing, P. M. Cardimona, D. A. Huang, D. H. Apostolova, T. Glass, W. R. Castillo, C. D. TI Advanced space-based detector research at the air force research laboratory SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE space situational awareness; space surveillance; optical signal amplification; frequency agile detection; optical cooling; single-pixel polarimeter ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM-WELLS; ATOMIC-STATE COHERENCE; INTERFERENCE; DYNAMICS AB At the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory we are interested in the use of detectors in space for surveillance and situational awareness missions. Our primary interests are in observations of objects both on earth and in space, each of which has very different background requirements. In addition, the space environment itself is especially demanding of any sensor system that will be expected to work continuously for long periods of time in such a challenging environment. In this talk we will describe some of the requirements for operation in space (low temperatures, long distances, high radiation, etc.), and some of the research we have been performing to address these special issues. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Alsing, PM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave,SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM paul.alsing@kirtland.af.mil NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2-3 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2006.10.006 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 169ND UT WOS:000246598000002 ER PT J AU Gunapala, SD Bandara, SV Liu, JK Mumolo, JM Hill, CJ Rafol, SB Salazar, D Woolaway, J Levan, PD Tidrow, MZ AF Gunapala, S. D. Bandara, S. V. Liu, J. K. Mumolo, J. M. Hill, C. J. Rafol, S. B. Salazar, D. Woolaway, J. LeVan, P. D. Tidrow, M. Z. TI Towards dualband megapixel QWIP focal plane arrays SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared detectors; quantum wells; QWIP; dualband; two-color; multi-band; infrared imaging; focal plane arrays ID WELL INFRARED DETECTORS; NARROW-BAND; BROAD-BAND; CAMERA AB Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) 1024 x 1024 pixel quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal planes have been demonstrated with excellent imaging performance. The MWIR QWIP detector array has demonstrated a noise equivalent differential temperature (NE Delta T) of 17 mK at a 95 K operating temperature with f/2.5 optics at 300 K background and the LWIR detector array has demonstrated a NE Delta T of 13 mK at a 70 K operating temperature with the same optical and background conditions as the MWIR detector array after the subtraction of system noise. Both MWIR and LWIR focal planes have shown background limited performance (BLIP) at 90 K and 70 K operating temperatures respectively, with similar optical and background conditions. In addition, we have demonstrated MWIR and LWIR pixel co-registered simultaneously readable dualband QWIP focal plane arrays. In this paper, we will discuss the performance in terms of quantum efficiency, NE Delta T, uniformity, operability, and modulation transfer functions of the 1024 x 1024 pixel arrays and the progress of dualband QWIP focal plane array development work. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Infravis Syst, Altadena, CA 91001 USA. FLIR Syst Inc, Indigo Operat, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Missile Def Agcy AS, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Gunapala, SD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM sarath.d.gunapala@jpl.nasa.gov NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 50 IS 2-3 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2006.10.005 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 169ND UT WOS:000246598000024 ER PT J AU Lapovok, R McKenzie, PWJ Thomson, PF Semiatin, SL AF Lapovok, R. McKenzie, P. W. J. Thomson, P. F. Semiatin, S. L. TI The influence of post-ECAP annealing on the properties of ultrarine-grained 5005 aluminum alloy sheet SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraine Grained Materials - From Basic to Applications CY SEP 25-27, 2006 CL Irsee, GERMANY DE Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP); aluminium sheet; annealing treatment ID AA6111 AB Equal Channel Angular Pressing is a well-known method of severe plastic deformation used to obtain ultrafine grained materials with significantly improved mechanical properties. To the present, Equal Channel Angular Pressing has essentially been restricted to the treatment of bulk billets of square or circular cross-section of limited size. A machine developed at Monash University allows the Equal Channel Angular Pressing of sheet material. In the present work, improvement in biaxial formability, associated textures and mechanical properties after one Equal Channel Angular Pressing pass followed by annealing for aluminium alloy 5005 were investigated. An optimal annealing treatment to obtain a good balance of properties was defined. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lapovok, R (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Bld 19, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2007 VL 98 IS 4 BP 325 EP 331 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 166SK UT WOS:000246400100013 ER PT J AU Vandawaker, RM Palazotto, AN Cobb, RG AF Vandawaker, Robert M. Palazotto, Anthony N. Cobb, Richard G. TI Damage detection through analysis of modes in a partially constrained plate SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE damage; plates; monitoring; modal analysis AB The need for aircraft, both military and civilian, to serve longer and cost less to operate is ever present. The ability to potentially extend service life and reduce operating and maintenance costs are key factors in the many choices with aircraft programs. The field of structural health monitoring attempts to reduce labor and cost by allowing technicians to monitor selected properties of an aircraft's structure to detect impending failure. This research examines methods to detect damage to a thermal protection system tile using representative aluminum plates. Plates are subjected to modal analysis in single and joined conditions in an attempt to provide the capability of sensing damage to a tile on the surface of a vehicle whereas the sensors remain on the substructure of the airframe. Jointly, the development of a means to model the system using finite-element techniques is explored. It is found that the finite-element modeling technique produces correlating modal frequencies within a 7.19% worst case average when compared to the physical tests. This leads to the ability to compare mode shapes and frequencies to detect damage in such a system. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AIr Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vandawaker, RM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AIr Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD APR PY 2007 VL 20 IS 2 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2007)20:2(90) PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 148FM UT WOS:000245060000002 ER PT J AU Valtier, S Phelix, CF Cody, JT AF Valtier, Sandra Phelix, Clyde F. Cody, John T. TI Analysis of MDMA and its metabolites in urine and plasma following a neurotoxic dose of MDMA SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE MDMA; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BRAIN 5-HT; ECSTASY; RAT; IDENTIFICATION; PHARMACOLOGY; HUMANS; 3,4-(METHYLENEDIOXY)METHAMPHETAMINE C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX USA. Air Force Drug Testing Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Valtier, S (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Clin Res Div 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Sandra.Valtier@lackland.af.mil RI Phelix, Clyde/L-8048-2015 OI Phelix, Clyde/0000-0002-6703-514X NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 31 IS 3 BP 138 EP 143 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 153PD UT WOS:000245446500003 PM 17579960 ER PT J AU Justice, RS Wang, DH Tan, LS Schaefer, DW AF Justice, Ryan S. Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng Schaefer, Dale W. TI Simplified tube form factor for analysis of small-angle scattering data from carbon nanotube filled systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Small-Angle Scattering CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES; POWER-LAW APPROACH; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUSPENSIONS; MORPHOLOGY; DIAMINE AB This work presents an analysis method for small-angle scattering data utilizing a simplified tube (hollow cylinder) form factor. The simplified form factor captures the rod-like character of a tube at long length scales (one-dimensional), the sheet-like character of the tube wall at intermediate length scales (two-dimensional), and the surface characteristics of a tube at small length scales while suppressing the deep minima seen in the exact form factor. Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering data from composites made with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a bismaleimide resin are analyzed using the simplified form factor and compared with scanning electron micrographs. Although a hollow core is not evident via microscopy, a solid rod form factor does not fit the data. However, a tube form factor does fit the data and generates reasonable geometric parameters. At higher concentrations, evidence for aggregation is seen in the data. Aggregation is accommodated by including a fractal structure factor within the simplified approach, allowing facile analysis of data from aggregated (poorly dispersed) fillers. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Schaefer, DW (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dale.schaefer@uc.edu RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2007 VL 40 SU 1 BP S88 EP S92 DI 10.1107/S1889807004153 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 162AX UT WOS:000246059800017 ER PT J AU Gardner, N AF Gardner, Nikolas TI The Harold Wilson government, Airwork Services Limited, and the Saudi Arabian Air Defence Scheme, 1965-73 SO JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Airwork Services; Harold Wilson; private military companies; Saudi Arabia AB This article examines the role of Airwork Services Limited in the Saudi Arabian Air Defence Scheme, a package of military aircraft, air defences and support services provided by a consortium of British companies to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1966 to 1973. It argues that Harold Wilson's government saw the scheme as a means of boosting British exports while maintaining good relations with Saudi Arabia, in the context of growing limitations to Britain's military presence East of Suez. Ultimately, however, Airwork, the principal service provider, proved unable to meet Saudi demands, necessitating the intervention of the British government on a scale it had originally hoped to avoid. In addition to shedding light on Anglo-Saudi relations, the article provides insights into the benefits and limitations of private military companies as tools of foreign policy. C1 USAF, Air War Coll, Maxwell AFB, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Gardner, N (reprint author), USAF, Air War Coll, Maxwell AFB, Montgomery, AL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0094 J9 J CONTEMP HIST JI J. Contemp. Hist. PD APR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 BP 345 EP + DI 10.1177/0022009407075547 PG 20 WC History SC History GA 161IA UT WOS:000246006800008 ER PT J AU Cerutti, L Boissier, G Grech, P Perona, A Angellier, J Rouillard, Y Tournie, E Genty, F Dente, GC Kaspi, R AF Cerutti, L. Boissier, G. Grech, P. Perona, A. Angellier, J. Rouillard, Y. Tournie, E. Genty, F. Dente, G. C. Kaspi, R. TI Growth and characterization of GaInSb/GaInAsSb hole-well laser diodes emitting near 2.93 mu m SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE XIV) CY SEP 03-08, 2006 CL Waseda Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Waseda Univ DE molecular beam epitaxy; antimonides; semiconducting III-V materials; mid-infrared devices; quantum well laser diodes ID MIDINFRARED LASERS AB The growth by molecular-beam epitaxy of novel electrically pumped type-II multi-quantum well (MQW) Sb-based laser diodes in which only the holes are quantum confined was studied. These laser structures were fabricated on (0 0 1) GaSb substrates. In the MQW region, radiative recombinations originate from InGaSb hole wells embedded in InGaAsSb barriers lattice matched to GaSb. Two different laser structures were developed. The first one exhibited a well/barrier periodicity that was too short, which led to a laser emission near 2.65 mu m originating from the waveguide rather than from the wells. With an improved well/barrier periodicity, the second structure exhibited laser emission up to 243 K at 2.93 mu m in the pulsed regime (200 ns, 5 kHz). In this case, the laser photons were effectively produced by the hole-well active region. A minimum threshold of about 12.8 kA/cm(2) at 80 K combined with a T-o around 70 K have been measured from this second structure. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montpellier 2, Ctr Electron & Microoptoelect Montpellier, UMR 5507, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France. USAF, Res Lab, DELS, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Genty, F (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, Ctr Electron & Microoptoelect Montpellier, UMR 5507, CNRS, CC67, F-34095 Montpellier, France. EM genty@univ-montp2.fr RI Genty, Frederic/F-5862-2015; Tournie, Eric/F-8327-2015; OI Genty, Frederic/0000-0002-1368-5411; Tournie, Eric/0000-0002-8177-0810; cerutti, laurent/0000-0002-1758-7130 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD APR PY 2007 VL 301 BP 967 EP 970 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.11.057 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 161LG UT WOS:000246015800223 ER PT J AU Evwaraye, AO Smith, SR Mitchel, WC Capano, MA AF Evwaraye, A. O. Smith, S. R. Mitchel, W. C. Capano, M. A. TI Effects of illumination on Ar+-implanted n-type 6H-SiC epitaxial layers SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) CY JUN, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ DE intrinsic defects; ion implantation; electron emission; illumination ID NEGATIVE-U-CENTERS; LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON-CARBIDE; DEFECT CENTERS; DEEP LEVELS; SEMICONDUCTORS; 4H AB Argon ions were implanted into n-type 6H-SiC epitaxial layers at 600 degrees C. Postimplantation annealing was carried out at 1,600 degrees C for 5 min in an Ar ambient. Four implantation-induced defect levels were observed at E(C-)0.28 eV, E-C-0.34 eV, E-C-0.46 eV, and E-C-0.62 eV by deep level transient spectroscopy. The defect center at EC-0.28 eV is correlated with ED,/ED2 and with ID5. The defect at E-C-0.46 eV with a capture cross section of 7.8 x 10(-16) cm(2) is correlated with E1/E2, while the defect at EC-0.62 eV with a capture cross section of 2.6 x 10(-14) cm(2) is correlated with Z1/Z2. Photo deep level transient spectroscopy was also used to study these defects. Upon illumination, the amplitudes of the deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) peaks increased considerably. Two emission components of Z1/Z2 were revealed: one fast and the other slow. The fast component could only be observed with a narrow rate window. In addition, anew defect was observed on the low-temperature side of the defect at EC-0.28 eV when the sample was illuminated. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Inst Res, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Evwaraye, AO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrew.evwaraye@notes.udayton.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 340 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0080-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GN UT WOS:000246861600012 ER PT J AU Alivov, YI Ozgur, U Gu, X Liu, C Moon, Y Morkoc, H Lopatiuk, O Chernyak, L Litton, CW AF Alivov, Y. I. Ozgur, U. Gu, X. Liu, C. Moon, Y. Morkoc, H. Lopatiuk, O. Chernyak, L. Litton, C. W. TI Hybrid II-VI and III-V compound double heterostructures and their properties SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) CY JUN, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ DE zinc oxide (ZnO); gallium nitride (GaN); heterostructures; photoluminescence (PL); electroluminescence (EL); scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; BLUE; ULTRAVIOLET; GAN AB In this report, n-GaN/n-ZnO/p-GaN double heterostructures (DHs) were grown on sapphire substrate employing metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) employed in both secondary electron (SE) and cathodoluminescence (CL) modes revealed high crystal and optical quality of the DH layers, indicating no significant interdiffusion of constituent elements during growth. The diode structures were fabricated whose current-voltage characteristics revealed rectifying behavior with a leakage current 2.12 x 10(-5) A and a forward current 7.8 x 10(-2) A at 10 V bias, and with threshold and breakdown voltages of 3.2 and -11 V , respectively. Under forward bias, an intense electroluminescence (EL) was observed, the spectrum of which depended on the injection current. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Alivov, YI (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM Yialivov@vcu.edu RI Tirpak, Olena/H-3163-2011 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 409 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0061-9 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GN UT WOS:000246861600023 ER PT J AU Avrutin, V Ozgur, U Chevtchenko, S Litton, C Morkoc, H AF Avrutin, V. Ozgur, U. Chevtchenko, S. Litton, C. Morkoc, H. TI Optical and magnetic properties of ZnO : V prepared by ion implantation SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) CY JUN, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ DE ZnO; magnetic semiconductors; optical properties; ion implantation ID FERROMAGNETISM; FILMS; GAN AB We report on the optical and magnetic properties of the magnetic semiconductor Zn(V)O fabricated by implantation of 195 keV V-51(+) ions into bulk ZnO:Al grown by a hydrothermal technique. Two sets of the samples, containing N-d-N-a similar to 10(15) cm(-3) and 10(18) cm(-3,) were implanted to doses of 1 x 10(15) cm(-2), 3 x 10(15) cm(-2), and 1 x 10(16) cm(-2). The ion implantation was performed at 573 K. To remove irradiation-induced defects, the samples were annealed in air at 1073 K. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements of Zn(V)O films were carried out at temperatures from 10 K to 300 K. The effects of implantation dose and free carrier concentration on the magnetic properties of Zn(V)O were studied using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. Ferromagnetism has been observed in annealed highly conductive samples implanted to 1 x 1016 cm(-2). The PL studies of ZnO bulk samples implanted with V+ have revealed that thermal annealing at 1073 K restores to a large extent the optical quality of the material. A new emission line centered at 3.307 eV has been found in the PL spectrum of the highly conductive samples implanted to the dose of 1 x 10(16) cm(-2), which is most probably due to complexes involving V ions. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Avrutin, V (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM vavrutin@vcu.edu NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 483 EP 487 DI 10.1007/s11664-006-0081-5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GN UT WOS:000246861600035 ER PT J AU Wu, P Saraf, G Lu, Y Hill, DH Arena, DA Bartynski, RA Cosandey, F Al-Sharab, JF Wielunski, L Gateau, R Dvorak, J Moodenbaugh, A Raley, JA Yeo, YK AF Wu, P. Saraf, G. Lu, Y. Hill, D. H. Arena, D. A. Bartynski, R. A. Cosandey, F. Al-Sharab, J. F. Wielunski, L. Gateau, R. Dvorak, J. Moodenbaugh, A. Raley, J. A. Yeo, Yung Kee TI Magnetic properties of Fe-implanted ZnO nanotips grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC) CY JUN, 2006 CL Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA HO Penn State Univ DE spintronics; ferromagnetism; ZnO; implantation ID FERROMAGNETISM; FIELD AB Fe ions were implanted into well-aligned single-crystal ZnO nanotips grown on SiO2/quartz substrates using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The Fe ion concentration distribution within a single nanotip is mapped by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the nanotips imaged by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) identified the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in both as-implanted and annealed samples. However, Fe3+ ion concentration increased during postannealing. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements show that the as-implanted and postannealed ZnO nanotips are ferromagnetic at room temperature. The observed ferromagnetism in the as-implanted nanotips is primarily attributed to the near surface 10-nm region that has high Fe concentration. The saturation magnetization reduces after annealing. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Lab Surface Modificat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wu, P (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM ylu@ece.rutgers.edu OI Moodenbaugh, Arnold/0000-0002-3415-6762 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 529 EP 532 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0110-z PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 173GN UT WOS:000246861600043 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, KL Beeson, TJ Kirkpatrick, TC AF Wilkinson, Kim L. Beeson, Thomas J. Kirkpatrick, Timothy C. TI Fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth filled with Resilon, gutta-percha, or composite SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE fracture; immature teeth; Resilon ID CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; FILLING MATERIAL; IN-VITRO; ROOTS; APEXIFICATION; RESTORATION; STRENGTH; INCISORS AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance gained by filling root canals of simulated immature teeth with either Resilon, gutta-percha, a self-curing flowable composite resin (BisFil 2B), or a self-curing hybrid composite resin (BisFil II). Seventy-two sheep incisors were divided into six groups of 12 teeth each. Negative controls received no treatment. Teeth in all other groups were prepared until a size 120 LightSpeed LSX instrument could be passed out the apex. After apical placement of a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) barrier, the canals were filled with their respective test material to the facial CEJ. The positive control canals were left unfilled. The access openings (including positive controls) were restored with BisFil II. Each root was horizontally fractured through the test material using an Instron. The mean peak loads to fracture were recorded. The hybrid composite resin (BisFil II) was the only material significantly more fracture resistant than positive controls (p < 0.017). C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Creighton Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, TC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, 2450 Pepperrell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM timothy.kirkpatrick@lackland.af.mil NR 20 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD APR PY 2007 VL 33 IS 4 BP 480 EP 483 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2006.11.014 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 153UO UT WOS:000245461700022 PM 17368344 ER PT J AU Shah, S Arthur, A Yang, Y Alexis, A AF Shah, S. Arthur, A. Yang, Y. Alexis, A. TI A retrospective study to investigate ethnic variations in the treatment of psoriasis with etanercept SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Investigative-Dermatology CY MAY 09-12, 2007 CL Los Angeles, CA SP Soc Investigat Dermatol C1 St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, New York, NY 10025 USA. 39th Airlift Squadron, Dyess AFB, TX USA. Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 2007 VL 127 SU 1 MA 329 BP S55 EP S55 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 152UP UT WOS:000245387800324 ER PT J AU Ruan, JZ Sparks, TE Panackal, A Liou, FW Eiamsa-ard, K Slattery, K Chou, HN Kinsella, M AF Ruan, Jianzhong Sparks, Todd E. Panackal, Ajay Liou, F. W. Eiamsa-ard, Kunnayut Slattery, Kevin Chou, Hsin-Nan Kinsella, Mary TI Automated slicing for a multiaxis metal deposition system SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE CAD/CAM; layered manufacturing; multiaxis slicing; geometry reasoning ID MEDIAL AXIS AB A multiaxis adaptive slicing algorithm for multiaxis layered manufacturing, which can generate optimal slices to achieve deposition without support structures, is presented in this paper. Different from current adaptive slicing, this technique varies not only layer thickness but also in slicing/building direction. Aware of potential problems of previous research on slicing, the work in this paper focuses on innovative geometry reasoning and analysis tool-centroidal axis. Similar to medial axis, it contains geometry and topological information but is significantly computationally cheaper. Using a centroidal axis as a guide, the multiaxis slicing procedure is able to generate a three-dimensional layer or change slicing direction as needed automatically to build the part with better surface quality. This paper presents various examples to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of centroidal axis and its usage in the multiaxis slicing process. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Kasetsart Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Bangkok, Thailand. Boeing Co, Boeing Phantom Works, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. AFRL, MLLMP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Liou, FW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 EI 1528-8935 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1115/1.2673492 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 167DL UT WOS:000246431100010 ER PT J AU Leedy, KD Strawser, RE Cortez, R Ebel, JL AF Leedy, Kevin D. Strawser, Richard E. Cortez, Rebecca Ebel, John L. (Jack) TI Thin-film encapsulated RF MEMS switches SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE dielectric films; encapsulation; microelectromechanical devices; switches ID TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION; CIRCUITS; CAVITIES; PACKAGE AB A wafer-level thin-film encapsulation process has been demonstrated to package radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches in this paper. Individual shunt capacitive switches were packaged in a similar to 1 nL inorganic enclosure with process temperatures not exceeding 300 degrees C. A shell covering the switch consisted of 10 nm of sputtered alumina and 1.67 mu m of sputtered silicon nitride dielectric film. The switch and dielectric shell were simultaneously wet-released through access channels in the shell. Following release, access channels were sealed with 10 nm of sputtered alumina and 2-4 mu m of either plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon dioxide or silicon nitride. Electromagnetic simulation and RF test results before and after sealing show minimal RF degradation of switch performance. Before sealing, the insertion loss and isolation at 10 GHz averaged 0.12 and 10.7 dB, respectively. After sealing, the same devices had an average insertion loss and isolation of 0.12 and 10.1 dB, respectively. Complete characterization of the package atmosphere was not completed due to challenges in assessing nanoliter-scale volumes. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leedy, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.leedy@wpafb.af.mil NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD APR PY 2007 VL 16 IS 2 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2007.892915 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 157CF UT WOS:000245695500014 ER PT J AU Yang, JB Qu, LT Zhao, Y Zhang, QH Dai, LM Baur, JW Maruyama, B Vaia, RA Shin, E Murray, PT Luo, HX Guo, ZX AF Yang, Junbing Qu, Liangti Zhao, Ye Zhang, Qiuhong Dai, Liming Baur, Jeffery W. Maruyama, Benji Vaia, Rich A. Shin, Eunsung Murray, P. Terrence Luo, Hongxia Guo, Zhi-Xin TI Multicomponent and multidimensional carbon nanotube micropatterns by dry contact transfer SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; carbon fibers; micropatterning; dry contact transfer ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GROWTH; SURFACE; MICROSCOPY; ARRAYS; SIZE AB One of the critical aspects of nanotechnology is to assemble different nanoscale components into a single system. In such a multicomponent system, the overall functionality depends strongly on the precise location and structural characteristics of each of the constituent components. In this context, we have prepared multicomponent micropatterns of silica particles interposed within the discrete areas of aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes. The patterns were fabricated by dry contact transferring aligned carbon nanotubes onto a tape pre-patterned with a thin layer of gold structure, followed by region-specific adsorption of thiol-modified silica particles onto the gold surface from solution. The dry contact transfer technique has further enabled us to develop micropatterns of aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes with interdispersed non-aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes and microsized carbon fibers sheathed with micropatterned aligned carbon nanotubes. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Sch Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Renmin Univ China, Dept Chem, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Sch Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Yang, Junbing/E-4316-2010; Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010; ruc, chem/E-4160-2012 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD APR-MAY PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4-5 BP 1573 EP 1580 DI 10.1166/jnn.2007.341 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 149JC UT WOS:000245142200049 PM 17450928 ER PT J AU Clouse, WD Rasmussen, TE Peck, MA Eliason, JL Cox, MW Bowser, AN Jenkins, DH Smith, DL Rich, NM AF Clouse, W. Darrin Rasmussen, Todd E. Peck, Michael A. Eliason, Jonathan L. Cox, Mitchell W. Bowser, Andrew N. Jenkins, Donald H. Smith, David L. Rich, Norman M. TI In-theater management of vascular injury: 2 years of the balad vascular registry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Annual Clinical Congress of the American-College-of-Surgeons CY OCT, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Coll Surg ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; VENOUS INJURIES; MAJOR ARTERIES; WAR INJURIES; EXPERIENCE; REPAIR; TRAUMA; EXTREMITIES; VIETNAM; WOUNDS AB BACKGROUND: Wartime vascular injury management has traditionally advanced vascular surgery. Despite past military experience, and recent civilian publications, there are no reports detailing current in-theater treatment. The objective of this analysis is to describe the management of vascular injury at the central echelon III surgical facility in Iraq, and to place this experience in perspective with past conflicts. STUDY DESIGN: Vascular injuries evaluated at our facility between September 1, 2004 and August 31, 2006 were prospectively entered into a registry and reviewed. RESULTS: During this 24-month period, 6,801 battle-related casualties were assessed. Three hundred twenty-four (4.8%) were diagnosed with 347 vascular injuries. Extremity injuries accounted for 260 (74.9%). Vascular injuries in the neck (n = 56; 16.1%) and thoracoabdominal domain (n = 3 1; 8.9%) were less common. US forces accounted for 149 casualties (46%), 97 (30%) were local civilian, and 78 (24%) were Iraqi forces. One hundred seven (33%) patients with vascular injury were evacuated from forward locations after treatment initiation. Fifty-four (50%) of these had temporary shunts placed. Of 43 proximal shunts placed in-field, 37 (86%) were patent at the time of our assessment. Early amputation rate was 6.6% for those extremity injuries treated for limb salvage. Perioperative mortality was 4.3%. CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation represents the first in-theater report of wartime vascular injury since Vietnam. Extremity injuries continue to predominate, although the incidence of vascular injury appears to be somewhat increased. Local forces and civilians now represent a substantial proportion of those injured. The principles of rapid evacuation, temporary shunting, and early reconstruction are effective, with satisfactory early in-theater limb salvage. (J Am Coll Surg 2007;204: 625-632. (C) 2007 by the American College of Surgeons). C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc & Endovasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. AF Theater Hosp, 332nd Expeditionary Med Grp, Balad Air Base, Iraq. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Norman M Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Clouse, WD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc & Endovasc Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM william.clouse@lackland.af.mil NR 35 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 204 IS 4 BP 625 EP 632 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.01.040 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 152NR UT WOS:000245369200013 PM 17382222 ER PT J AU Schumacher, C Chandler, PR Pachter, M Pachter, LS AF Schumacher, C. Chandler, P. R. Pachter, M. Pachter, L. S. TI Optimization of air vehicles operations using mixed-integer linear programming SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE linear programming; military; optimization; planning; scheduling AB A scenario where multiple air vehicles are required to prosecute geographically dispersed targets is considered. Furthermore, multiple tasks are to be successively performed on each target, that is, the targets must be classified, attacked, and verified as destroyed. The optimal, for example, minimum time, performance of these tasks requires cooperation among the vehicles such that critical timing constraints are satisfied, that is, a target must be classified before it can be attacked, and an air vehicle is sent to a target area to verify its destruction only after the target has been attacked. In this paper, the optimal task assignment/scheduling problem is posed as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP). The solution of the MILP assigns all tasks to the vehicles and performs the scheduling in an optimal manner, including staged departure times. Coupled tasks involving timing and task order constraints are automatically addressed. When the air vehicles have sufficient endurance, the existence of a solution is guaranteed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0160-5682 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD APR PY 2007 VL 58 IS 4 BP 516 EP 527 DI 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602176 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 148LG UT WOS:000245075500011 ER PT J AU Sabelkin, V Mall, S AF Sabelkin, V. Mall, S. TI Elastic-plastic multi-asperity contact analysis of cylinder-on-flat configuration SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE cylinder-on-flat contact; multi-asperity contact; elastic-plastic deformation; interaction between asperities; friction ID FINITE-ELEMENT; ROUGH SURFACES; RIGID FLAT; MODEL; DEFORMATION AB The contact interaction between a rough cylindrical body (i.e., with asperities) and a deformable smooth fat was investigated using the finite-element analysis. Analysis included both elastic-plastic deformation and friction. Further, the effects of several parameters of rough surface on the evolution of the contact area with increasing contact load were investigated. These were radius, number, constraint, and placement of asperities. Contact area of rough surface is smaller than its counterpart of smooth surface, and this decrease depends on number, radius, constraint, and placement of asperities. The elastic material behavior results in considerably smaller contact area than that from elastic plastic material behavior. The evolution of contact area with increasing contact load is of the complex nature with elastic plastic material deformation since the yielded region widens and/or deepens with increasing load depending on number, radius, and constraint of asperities. The effect of constraint on the asperity depends upon its nature (i.e., from either sides or one side) and radius of the asperity. The effects of these several parameters on the contact area versus applied load relationships are expressed in the graphical form. as well as in terms of equations wherever possible. C1 USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sabelkin, V (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 292 EP 304 DI 10.1115/2540262 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 159AQ UT WOS:000245838200008 ER PT J AU Barringer, MD Thole, KA Polanka, MD AF Barringer, M. D. Thole, K. A. Polanka, M. D. TI Experimental evaluation of an inlet profile generator for high-pressure turbine tests SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo 2006 CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID COMBUSTOR; FLOW AB Improving the performance and durability of gas turbine aircraft engines depends highly on achieving a better understanding of the flow interactions between the combustor and turbine sections. The flow exiting the combustor is very complex and it is characterized primarily by elevated turbulence and large variations in temperature and pressure. The heat transfer and aerodynamic losses that occur in the turbine passages are driven primarily by these spatial variations. To better understand these effects, the goal of this work is to benchmark an adjustable turbine inlet profile generator for the Turbine Research Facility, (TRF) at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The research objective was to experimentally evaluate the performance of the nonreacting simulator that was designed to provide representative combustor exit profiles to the inlet of the TRF turbine test section. This paper discusses the verification testing that was completed to benchmark the performance of the generator. Results are presented in the form of temperature and pressure profiles as well as turbulence intensity and length scale. This study shows how a single combustor geometry can produce significantly different flow and thermal field conditions entering the turbine. Engine designers should place emphasis on obtaining accurate knowledge of the flow distribution within the combustion chamber. Turbine inlet conditions with significantly different profile shapes can result in altered flow physics that can change local aerodynamics and heat transfer. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Turbines Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barringer, MD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mbarringer@vt.edu; kthole@psu.edu; Marc.Polanka@wpafb.af.mil OI thole, karen/0000-0003-0795-8724 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 2 BP 382 EP 393 DI 10.1115/1.2436897 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 165DJ UT WOS:000246283800019 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Lehner, TM Miller, JD Doherty, RD Furrer, DU AF Semiatin, S. L. Lehner, T. M. Miller, J. D. Doherty, R. D. Furrer, D. U. TI Alpha/Beta heat treatment of a titanium alloy with a nonuniform microstructure SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STATIC GLOBULARIZATION; TI-6AL-4V; KINETICS; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION AB The effect of alpha/beta solution temperature and cooling rate on the evolution of microstructure during the heat treatment of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si (Ti6242Si) with a partially spheroldized starting microstructure of equiaxed + remnant lamellar alpha was established. Experiments comprising induction heating to a peak temperature of 971 degrees C or 982 degrees C followed by cooling at a rate of 11 degrees C/min or 42 degrees C/min revealed that the volume fraction of the equiaxed alpha grew much more rapidly than the lamellar constituent. These results were explained semiquantitatively using simple diffusion analyses of the growth of either spherical or elliptical particles, taking into account the soft impingement of the concentration fields. Despite the much lower diffusivity of molybdenum, which appears to control the growth of primary alpha in Ti6242Si, the similarity of the overall kinetics compared to those measured previously for Ti-6A1-4V was explained on the basis of the higher supersaturations developed during cooldown in the present alloy. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Rolls Royce PLC, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpatb.af.mil NR 20 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 14 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2007 VL 38A IS 4 BP 910 EP 921 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9088-7 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 185TQ UT WOS:000247733700027 ER PT J AU Taylor, JE Haddock, CK Poston, WSC Talcott, WG AF Taylor, Jennifer E. Haddock, C. Keith Poston, W. S. Carlos Talcott, Wayne G. TI Relationship between patterns of alcohol use and negative alcohol-related outcomes among US Air Force recruits SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The negative impact of alcohol use on workplace performance is of significant concern to the U.S. military, given the costs associated with recruiting, hiring, and training personnel. However, little is known about the extent of potential alcohol use problems of recruits. We examined the history of alcohol-related problems among recruits entering the Air Force (N = 37,858). Although the average age of recruits was < 21 years, 78% reported consuming alcohol and 49% reported binging before basic military training. Recruits who drank reported having negative alcohol-related outcomes (NAROs). In fact, > 95% reported that they or someone else had been injured as a result of their drinking and that a relative, friend, doctor, or other health care worker has been concerned about their drinking. The remaining NAROs were reported by approximately one-quarter of those who drank. However, recruits who reported binge drinking were substantially more likely to report more NAROs, such as morning drinking, inability to stop drinking, having others be concerned about their drinking, having blackouts, fighting, having injured or been injured, feeling guilty about their drinking, and wanting to reduce the amount they drink. Results suggest that alcohol-related problems are common among recruits before basic military training and screening for future problems may be beneficial. C1 Univ Louisville, Coll Educ & Human Dev, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. 59th Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Taylor, JE (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Coll Educ & Human Dev, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 172 IS 4 BP 379 EP 382 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 161YO UT WOS:000246053300008 PM 17484307 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS MacDaniel, J Schwertner, HA Martin, JF AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. MacDaniel, Joe Schwertner, Harvey A. Martin, James F. TI Comparison of urine and serum testing for early detection of acetaminophen ingestion SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Academic-Emergency-Medicine (SAEM) CY MAY 22-25, 2005 CL New York, NY SP Soc Acad Emergency Med ID SCREEN AB Acetaminophen is a common ingestant that is routinely screened for, with serum testing, after overdoses. We compared a modified, qualitative, colorimetric, o-cresol urine test for acetaminophen with the standard laboratory serum immunoassay. Twenty-nine adult volunteers were given 975 mg of acetaminophen, and then serum and urine samples were tested at predefined intervals for up to 4 hours. The presence of acetaminophen in the urine samples was determined with a modified o-cresol assay by two independent reviewers and was verified by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared with the acetaminophen serum immunoassay, the acetaminophen urine test had specificity of 97% (95% confidence interval, 80-100%) and sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 81-100%) at 45 minutes. Further studies to improve and to accelerate processing of the qualitative colorimetric o-cresol urine test could allow the test to be used in specific military and civilian clinical scenarios. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Baptist Hlth Syst, Emergency Phys Affiliates, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. 82nd Airborne Div, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 172 IS 4 BP 399 EP 401 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 161YO UT WOS:000246053300012 ER PT J AU Childs, JD Whitman, JM Pugia, ML Sizer, PS Flynn, TW Delitto, A AF Childs, John D. Whitman, Julie M. Pugia, Maria L. Sizer, Phil S., Jr. Flynn, Timothy W. Delitto, Anthony TI Knowledge in managing musculoskeletal conditions and educational preparation of physical therapists in the uniformed services SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; CLINICAL-PREDICTION RULE; SPINAL MANIPULATION; MEDICAL-STUDENTS; DISORDERS; CARE; PREVENTION; MILITARY; INJURIES; EXPERIENCE AB The purpose of this study was to describe knowledge in managing musculoskeletal conditions among physical therapists in the uniformed services based on their educational background and preparation. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 182 physical therapists in the uniformed services completed a standardized examination that assesses knowledge in managing musculoskeletal conditions. Physical therapists in the uniformed services who graduated from the U.S. Army-Baylor Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy or had attended a specific continuing medical education course that emphasizes the management of musculoskeletal conditions achieved higher scores and passing rates than their colleagues who had not. Compared with previously published data, physical therapists in the uniformed services demonstrated higher scores than medical students, physician interns and residents, active duty military physicians, and all physician specialists except for orthopedists. Physical therapists in the uniformed services have the requisite knowledge to provide direct access for patients with musculoskeletal conditions. These data may have implications for health and public policy decisions within the military health care system related to the utilization and educational preparation of physical therapists in the uniformed services. C1 Army Med Dept Ctr & Sch, USA Baylor Univ Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Regis Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Denver, CO 80221 USA. 61st Med Squadron, Phys Therapy Element, Los Angeles AFB, Los Angeles, CA 90245 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Phys Therapy, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), Army Med Dept Ctr & Sch, USA Baylor Univ Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2007 VL 172 IS 4 BP 440 EP 445 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 161YO UT WOS:000246053300022 PM 17484321 ER PT J AU Winey, KI Vaia, RA AF Winey, Karen I. Vaia, Richard A. TI Polymer nanocomposites SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; CALCIUM-CARBONATE PARTICLES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SWELLING BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITES; NANOTUBES; MONTMORILLONITE AB Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs)-that is, nanoparticles (spheres, rods, plates) dispersed in a polymer matrix-have garnered substantial academic and industrial interest since their inception, circa 1990. This is due in large part to the incredible promise demonstrated by these early efforts: PNCs will not only expand the performance space of traditional filled polymers, but introduce completely new combinations of properties and thus enable new applications for plastics. Low volume additions (1-5%) of nanoparticles, such as layered silicates or carbon nanotubes, provide property enhancements with respect to the neat resin that are comparable to those achieved by conventional loadings (15-40%) of traditional fillers. The lower loadings facilitate processing and reduce component weight. Most important, though, is the unique value-added properties not normally possible with traditional fillers, such as reduced permeability, optical clarity, self-passivation, and increased resistance to oxidation and ablation. These characteristics have been transformed into numerous commercial successes, including automotive parts, coatings, and flame retardants. This issue of the MRS Bulletin provides a snapshot of these exemplary successes, future opportunities, and the critical scientific challenges still to be addressed for these nanoscale multiphase systems. In addition, these articles provide a perspective on the current status and future directions of polymer nanocomposite science and technology and their potential to move beyond additive concepts to designed materials and devices with prescribed nanoscale composition and morphology. C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Winey, KI (reprint author), Univ Penn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM winey@seas.upenn.edu; richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 64 TC 304 Z9 306 U1 23 U2 130 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD APR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 4 BP 314 EP 319 DI 10.1557/mrs2007.229 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 160KO UT WOS:000245939600012 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Tam, F Halas, NJ Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Tam, Felicia Halas, Naomi J. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Peptide-assembled optically responsive nanoparticle complexes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; NANOSHELLS; NANOSTRUCTURES; FLUORESCENCE; COMPOSITES; MOLECULES; RESONANCE; BACTERIA; SYSTEM AB The design of active nanostructures whose form and properties can be modulated by remote means is an important challenge in nanoscience. Here we report two types of active nanoparticle complexes, with properties controlled by near-infrared illumination, resulting from the assembly of photothermally responsive plasmonic nanoparticles with thermally labile biomolecular linkers. Au nanoshells (NS) and quantum dots (QD) are assembled using coiled-coil peptides into NS-NS and NS-QD complexes. Illumination of the NS-NS complexes results in reversible disassembly reassembly, while illumination of NS-QD complexes results in a large, reproducible modulation of the quantum dot fluorescence without disassembly of the nanoparticle-peptide complex. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil RI Halas, Naomi/D-2935-2011 NR 37 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 6 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2007 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1054 EP 1058 DI 10.1021/nl070267x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 155TG UT WOS:000245600500038 PM 17378619 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Haji-saeed, B Sengupta, SK Kierstead, J AF Khoury, J. Woods, C. L. Haji-saeed, Bahareh Sengupta, Sandip K. Kierstead, J. TI Spatial demultiplexing/multiplexing approach for image correction and processing for bidirectional resonant scanners SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE interpolation; demultiplexing/multiplexing; image distortion correction; scanners ID DISTORTION CORRECTION AB We have developed a spatial demultiplexing/multiplexing algorithm for correcting sinusoidally scanned distorted images. In our approach, the scanned image is demultiplexed into equal spatial slots (strips) perpendicular to the scan direction. Each spatial slot is interpolated through either an oversampling or an undersampling algorithm, depending upon its location. The interpolated spatial slots are multiplexed to reconstruct the corrected image. The implementation of this algorithm shows that, for our 100-pixel-wide test image, depending upon the slot size, it is possible to retrieve at least 99% of the original image, as measured by the recovered energy. (C) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 AR 047001 DI 10.1117/1.2721966 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 166BI UT WOS:000246351600043 ER PT J AU Wang, X Wang, B Bos, PJ McManamon, PF Pouch, JJ Miranda, FA Anderson, JE AF Wang, Xinghua Wang, Bin Bos, Philip J. McManamon, Paul F. Pouch, John J. Miranda, Felix A. Anderson, James E. TI Modeling and performance limits of a large aperture high-resolution wavefront control system based on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE liquid crystal; spatial light modulator; aberration correction; diffractive optical device ID OPTICS AB The aberration introduced by the primary optical element of a lightweight large aperture telescope can be corrected with a diffractive optical element called the liquid crystal spatial light modulator. Such aberration is usually very large, which makes the design and modeling of such a system difficult. A method to analyze the system is introduced, and the performance limitation of the system is studied through extensive modeling. An experimental system is demonstrated to validate the analysis. The connection between the modeling data and the experimental data is given. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45424 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Hana Microdisplay Technol Inc, Twinsburg, OH 44087 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM pbos@kent.edu NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 4 AR 044001 DI 10.1117/1.2730485 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 166BI UT WOS:000246351600022 ER PT J AU Maturo, S Michaelson, PG Horlbeck, D Brennan, J AF Maturo, Steve Michaelson, Peter G. Horlbeck, Drew Brennan, Joseph TI Auricular myiasis SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol HNS, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Michaelson, PG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol HNS, 2200 Berquist Dr MCSR,Wilford Hall, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM peter.michaelson@lackland.af.mil NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD APR PY 2007 VL 136 IS 4 BP 668 EP 669 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.11.031 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 154PB UT WOS:000245518600031 PM 17418273 ER PT J AU Johnson, PL Flake, EM AF Johnson, Patti L. Flake, Eric M. TI Maternal depression and child outcomes SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID MAJOR DEPRESSION; COMMUNITY SAMPLE; MOTHERS; RISK; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; VULNERABILITY; TRANSMISSION; PARENTS; MODEL C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Pediat Psychol Fellowship Program, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USAF, Med Corps, Washington, DC USA. RP Johnson, PL (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Pediat Psychol Fellowship Program, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. EM Patti.johnson@amedd.army.mil NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD APR PY 2007 VL 36 IS 4 BP 196 EP 202 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 156OP UT WOS:000245659100006 PM 17469299 ER PT J AU Cusco, R Alarcon-Llado, E Ibanez, J Artus, L Jimenez, J Wang, BG Callahan, MJ AF Cusco, Ramon Alarcon-Llado, Esther Ibanez, Jordi Artus, Luis Jimenez, Juan Wang, Buguo Callahan, Michael J. TI Temperature dependence of raman scattering in ZnO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WURTZITE-TYPE CRYSTALS; COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; IMPLANTED GAN; PHONONS; ALN AB We present a Raman scattering study of wurtzite ZnO over a temperature range from 80 to 750 K. Second-order Raman features are interpreted in the light of recent ab initio phonon density of states calculations. The temperature dependence of the Raman intensities allows the assignment of difference modes to be made unambiguously. Some weak, sharp Raman peaks are detected whose temperature dependence suggests they may be due to impurity modes. High-resolution spectra of the E-2(high), A(1)(LO), and E-1(LO) modes were recorded, and an analysis of the anharmonicity and lifetimes of these phonons is carried out. The E-2(high) mode displays a visibly asymmetric line shape. This can be attributed to anharmonic interaction with transverse and longitudinal acoustic phonon combinations in the vicinity of the K point, where the two-phonon density of states displays a sharp edge around the E-2(high) frequency. The temperature dependence of the linewidth and frequency of the E-2(high) mode is well described by a perturbation-theory renormalization of the harmonic E-2(high) frequency resulting from the interaction with the acoustic two-phonon density of states. In contrast, the A(1)(LO) and E-1(LO) frequencies lie in a region of nearly flat two-phonon density of states, and they exhibit a nearly symmetric Lorentzian line shape with a temperature dependence that is well accounted for by a dominating asymmetric decay channel. C1 CSIC, Inst Jaume Almera, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Univ Valladolid, ETSII, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-47002 Valladolid, Spain. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Electromagnet Technol Div,Optoelect Technol Branc, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cusco, R (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Jaume Almera, Lluis Sole & Sabaris SN, Barcelona 08028, Spain. RI Ibanez-Insa, Jordi/F-6995-2014; Alarcon Llado, Esther/I-5583-2015; OI Ibanez-Insa, Jordi/0000-0002-8909-6541; Alarcon Llado, Esther/0000-0001-7317-9863; Cusco, Ramon/0000-0001-9490-4884 NR 32 TC 503 Z9 511 U1 15 U2 188 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 16 AR 165202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.165202 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 162GW UT WOS:000246075900029 ER PT J AU Perry, MB Pignatiello, JJ Simpson, JR AF Perry, Marcus B. Pignatiello, Joseph J., Jr. Simpson, James R. TI Estimating the change point of the process fraction non-conforming with a monotonic change disturbance in SPC SO QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE statistical process control (SPC); quality control; process improvement; special-cause identification; cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts; maximum-likelihood estimation; order-restricted inference AB Knowing when a process has changed would simplify the search for and identification of the special cause. In this paper, we propose a maximum-likelihood estimator for the change point of the process fraction non-conforming without requiring knowledge of the exact change type a priori. Instead, we assume the type of change present belongs to a family of monotonic changes. We compare the proposed change-point estimator to the maximum-likelihood estimator for the process change point derived under a simple step change assumption. We do this for a number of monotonic change types and following a signal from a binomial cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart. We conclude that it is better to use the proposed change point estimator when the type of change present is only known to be monotonic. The results show that the proposed estimator provides process engineers with an accurate and useful estimate of the time of the process change regardless of the type of monotonic change that may be present. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Florida State Univ, Florida A&M Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Perry, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marcus.perry@afit.edu NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0748-8017 J9 QUAL RELIAB ENG INT JI Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. PD APR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1002/qre.792 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 154WY UT WOS:000245539900005 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, S. W. TI Solar sources of heliospheric energetic electron events-shocks or flares? SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE acceleration of particles; interplanetary medium; sun : particle emission; sun : radio radiation; sun : coronal mass ejections ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; III RADIO-BURSTS; NEAR-RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; CME-DRIVEN SHOCKS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SPACECRAFT OBSERVATIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; MICROWAVE-BURSTS AB Electrons with near-relativistic (E >= 30 keV, NrR) and relativistic (E >= 0.3 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds >= 1000 kms(-1). Many NrR electron events are temporally associated only with flares while others are associated with flares as well as with CMEs or with radio type II shock waves. Since CME onsets and associated flares are roughly simultaneous, distinguishing the sources of electron events is a serious challenge. On a phenomenological basis two classes of solar electron events were known several decades ago, but recent observations have presented a more complex picture. We review early and recent observational results to deduce different electron event classes and their viable acceleration mechanisms, defined broadly as shocks versus flares. The NrR and relativistic electrons are treated separately. Topics covered are: solar electron injection delays from flare impulsive phases; comparisons of electron intensities and spectra with flares, CMEs and accompanying solar energetic proton (SEP) events; multiple spacecraft observations; two-phase electron events; coronal flares; shock-associated (SA) events; electron spectral invariance; and solar electron intensity size distributions. This evidence suggests that CME-driven shocks are statistically the dominant acceleration mechanism of relativistic events, but most NrR electron events result from flares. Determining the solar origin of a given NrR or relativistic electron event remains a difficult proposition, and suggestions for future work are given. C1 Hanscom AFB, VSBXS, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), Hanscom AFB, VSBXS, AF Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil NR 158 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD APR PY 2007 VL 129 IS 4 BP 359 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s11214-007-9143-0 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 202OZ UT WOS:000248914200004 ER PT J AU Gottesman, RF Sherman, PM Grega, MA Yousem, DM Borowicz, LM Baumgartner, WA McKhann, GM AF Gottesman, Rebecca F. Sherman, Paul M. Grega, Maura A. Yousem, David M. Borowicz, Louis M. Baumgartner, William A. McKhann, Guy M. TI Multifactorial bases of stroke after cardiac surgery - Response SO STROKE LA English DT Letter C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Zanvyl Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Gottesman, RF (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD APR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1141 EP 1141 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000259830.15597.79 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 150JD UT WOS:000245211400009 ER PT J AU Zhu, K Johnstone, D Leach, J Fu, Y Morkoc, H Li, G Ganguly, B AF Zhu, K. Johnstone, D. Leach, J. Fu, Y. Morkoc, H. Li, G. Ganguly, B. TI High power photoconductive switches of 4H SiC with Si3N4 passivation and n(+)-GaN subcontact SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID SILICON-NITRIDE FILMS; SURFACE PASSIVATION; HYDROGEN CONTENT; PERFORMANCE; CARBIDE; VOLTAGE; DEVICES; LAYER AB The effect of a Si3N4 passivation layer on the breakdown voltage in 4H SiC high power photoconductive semiconductor switching devices has been investigated. An n(+)-GaN epitaxial layer was also used for these devices as a subcontact layer, which was between the contact metal and the high resistivity SiC bulk, to improve the ohmic contact and mitigate current spreading: the GaN subcontact layer protects the contact from damage occurring at high power levels. The Si3N4 passivation layer was grown by ultrabigh vacuum plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. By using the Si3N4 passivation, the dark leakage current of the devices was suppressed effectively and decreased by one order of magnitude, and the breakdown voltage of the switching devices was improved significantly from 2.9 to 5 kV without degrading the high photocurrent. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Morkoc, H (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 601 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM hmorkoc@vcu.edu NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD APR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 4 BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2007.02.002 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 179UP UT WOS:000247315900007 ER PT J AU Herrmann, CF DelRio, FW Miller, DC George, SM Bright, VM Ebel, JL Strawser, RE Cortez, R Leedy, KD AF Herrmann, Cari F. DelRio, Frank W. Miller, David C. George, Steven M. Bright, Victor M. Ebel, Jack L. Strawser, Richard E. Cortez, Rebecca Leedy, Kevin D. TI Alternative dielectric films for rf MEMS capacitive switches deposited using atomic layer deposited Al2O3/ZnO alloys SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE atomic layer deposition; capacitive shunt switch; dielectric layer; rf MEMS ID BINARY REACTION SEQUENCE; ZINC-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; GROWTH; NANOINDENTATION; BEHAVIOR; EPITAXY; ZNO AB Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to deposit an alternative dielectric barrier layer for use in radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (rf MEMS). The layer is an alloy mixture of Al2O3 and ZnO and is proposed for use as charge dissipative layers in which the dielectric constant is significant enough to provide a large down-state capacitance while the resistivity is sufficiently low to promote the dissipation of trapped charges. This paper investigates Al2O3/ZnO ALD alloys deposited at 100 and 177 degrees C and compares their material properties. Auger electron spectroscopy was used to determine the Zn concentrations in the alloy films, which was lower than expected. Atomic force microscopy images revealed an average surface roughness of 0.27 nm that was independent of deposition temperature and film composition. The dielectric constants of the Al2O3/ZnO ALD alloys films were calculated to be similar to pure Al2O3 ALD, being similar to 7. Indentation was used to ascertain the modulus and hardness of the ALD films. Both the modulus and hardness were found to increase for the greater deposition temperature. ALD-coated rf MEMS switches showed a low insertion loss, similar to 0.35 dB, and a high isolation, 55 dB at 14 GHz. Mechanical actuation of the ALD-coated devices showed lifetimes of over 1 billion cycles. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bright, VM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM victor.bright@colorado.edu RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD MAR 30 PY 2007 VL 135 IS 1 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2006.07.002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 158MT UT WOS:000245796300040 ER PT J AU Adams, SG Smith, PK Allan, PF Anzueto, A Pugh, JA Cornell, JE AF Adams, Sandra G. Smith, Paulla K. Allan, Patrick F. Anzueto, Antonio Pugh, Jacqueline A. Cornell, John E. TI Systematic review of the chronic care model in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevention and management SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESPIRATORY HEALTH WORKER; SELF-MANAGEMENT; PATIENT EDUCATION; COPD PATIENTS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; CHRONIC ILLNESS; PROGRAM; METAANALYSIS; IMPACT AB Background: Implementation of the chronic care model (CCM) has been shown to be an effective preventative strategy to improve outcomes in diabetes mellitus, depression, and congestive heart failure, but data are lacking regarding the effectiveness of this model in preventing complications in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases from inception to August 2005 and included English-language articles that enrolled adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and (1) contained intervention(s) with CCM component(s), (2) included a comparison group or measures at 2 points (before/after), and (3) had relevant outcomes. Two reviewers independently extracted data. Results: Symptoms, quality of life, lung function, and functional status were not significantly different between the intervention and control groups. However, pooled relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for emergency/unscheduled visits and hospitalizations for the group that received at least 2 CCM components were 0.58 (0.42-0.79) and 0.78 (0.66-0.94), respectively. The weighted mean difference (95% confidence interval) for hospital stay was -2.51 (-3.40 to -1.61) days shorter for the group that received 2 or more components. There were no significant differences for those receiving only 1 CCM component. Conclusions: Limited published data exist evaluating the efficacy of CCM components in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management. However, pooled data demonstrated that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who received interventions with 2 or more CCM components had lower rates of hospitalizations and emergency/unscheduled visits and a shorter length of stay compared with control groups. The results of this review highlight the need for well-designed trials in this population. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Pulm Dis Crit Care Med, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. VERDICT, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst & Pulm Med, Geriatr Res Educ & Clin Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Adams, SG (reprint author), Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, Pulm Dis Sect, 111E,7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM adamssg@uthscsa.edu OI Pugh, Jacqueline/0000-0003-4933-141X NR 63 TC 165 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAR 26 PY 2007 VL 167 IS 6 BP 551 EP 561 DI 10.1001/archinte.167.6.551 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 149UQ UT WOS:000245172800005 PM 17389286 ER PT J AU Levashov, EA Vakaev, PV Zamulaeva, EI Kudryashov, AE Kurbatkina, VV Shtansky, DV Voevodin, AA Sanz, A AF Levashov, E. A. Vakaev, P. V. Zamulaeva, E. I. Kudryashov, A. E. Kurbatkina, V. V. Shtansky, D. V. Voevodin, A. A. Sanz, A. TI Disperse-strengthening by nanoparticles advanced tribological coatings and electrode materials for their deposition SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Superhard Coatings CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 2006 CL ISRAEL SP DESHNAF, GM Fdn, Iscar Ltd, Israel Sci Instruments Ltd, Israel Plasma Sci & Technol Assn, Tel-Aviv Univ DE electrospark deposition (ESD); nanosized additives; WC-Co nanostructured electrodes; microstructure; coating AB Two types of electrode materials were developed using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and powder metallurgy: 1-composite with nanosized additives; 2-nanostructured cemented carbide WC-Co, Electrospark deposition (ESD) was applied to produce tribological coatings which were disperse-strengthened by incorporation of nanosized particles. Nanostructured electrodes of cemented carbides WC-8% Co provide increasing density, thickness, hardness, Young's modulus, and wear resistance of ESD-coatings. Positive effects of nanostructural state of the electrodes on the deposition process and structure/properties of the coatings are discussed. In that case the tungsten carbide phase becomes predominant in the coatings. A mechanism of the dissolution reaction of WC in Ni at the contact surface of the electrode was proposed. It was shown that formation of the coating structure is initiated on the electrode and accomplished on the substrate. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, Moscow 119049, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. SKF Engn & Res Ctr, NL-3439 MT Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RP Levashov, EA (reprint author), Moscow State Inst Steel & Alloys, Leninsky Pr 4, Moscow 119049, Russia. EM levashov@shs.misis.ru RI Svetlana, Ahmetzhanova/H-3797-2012; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; OI Shtansky, Dmitry/0000-0001-7304-2461 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAR 26 PY 2007 VL 201 IS 13 SI SI BP 6176 EP 6181 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.134 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 144YP UT WOS:000244832800021 ER PT J AU Plourde, JR Murdock, WP Evans, TJ Setser, B AF Plourde, Jennifer R. Murdock, W. Paul, Jr. Evans, Tom J. Setser, Brad TI Investigation of interactions between chemical weapons agents and simulants and Al2O3 clusters using quantum chemistry approaches SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Plourde, Jennifer R.; Murdock, W. Paul, Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Evans, Tom J.; Setser, Brad] Cubic Def Applicat, Threat Technol Div, Woods Cross, UT 84087 USA. EM Jennifer.Plourde@WPAFB.AF.MIL; tom.evans@cubic.com; brad.setser@cubic.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 141-COMP BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802056 ER PT J AU Plourde, JR Murdock, WP Evans, TJ McConkey, K AF Plourde, Jennifer R. Murdock, W. Paul, Jr. Evans, Tom J. McConkey, Katrina TI Investigation of interactions between chemical weapons agents and simulants and SiO2 clusters using quantum chemistry approaches SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Plourde, Jennifer R.; Murdock, W. Paul, Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Evans, Tom J.; McConkey, Katrina] Cubic Def Applicat, Threat Technol Div, Woods Cross, UT 84087 USA. EM Jennifer.Plourde@WPAFB.AF.MIL; william.murdock@wpafb.af.mil; tom.evans@cubic.com; katrina.mcconkey@cubic.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 208-COMP BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802057 ER PT J AU Mileham, ML Stiegman, AE Kramer, MP AF Mileham, Melissa L. Stiegman, Albert E. Kramer, Michael P. TI Stability and degradation processes of pentaerythritol tetranitrate on molybdenum (VI) oxide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mileham, Melissa L.; Stiegman, Albert E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Kramer, Michael P.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM stiegman@chem.fsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 1296-INOR BP 91 EP 91 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722805081 ER PT J AU Lenton, TN Vij, A Grabow, W Mabry, JM Haddad, TS AF Lenton, Taylor N. Vij, Ashwani Grabow, Wade Mabry, Joseph M. Haddad, Timothy S. TI Structures of vinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (ViSiO1.5)n with n=8, 10, 12 and 14 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lenton, Taylor N.] Wellesley Coll, Wellesley, MA 02181 USA. [Vij, Ashwani; Grabow, Wade] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSP, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Haddad, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM tlenton@wellesley.edu; ashwani.vij@edwards.af.mil; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil; timothy.haddad.ctr@edwards.af.mil RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 906-INOR BP 140 EP 140 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722805130 ER PT J AU Ormseth, RG Pachter, R AF Ormseth, Reid G. Pachter, R. TI Implemention of the fast multipole method in molecular dynamics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ormseth, Reid G.] USAF, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 202-COMP BP 209 EP 209 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802207 ER PT J AU Mabry, JM AF Mabry, Joseph M. TI INOR 33-Nanoparticle research at the Air Force Research Laboratory: New developments and applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. EM joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 33-INOR BP 270 EP 270 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722806270 ER PT J AU Stiegman, AE Mileham, ML Kramer, MP AF Stiegman, Albert E. Mileham, Melissa L. Kramer, Michael P. TI Decomposition studies of thermite-based energetic materials using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stiegman, Albert E.; Mileham, Melissa L.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Kramer, Michael P.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Energet Mat Branch,AFRL MNME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM stiegman@chem.fsu.edu; kramer@eglin.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 176-INOR BP 486 EP 486 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722805474 ER PT J AU Adams, SJL Castle, PJ Levisky, JA Hermosillo, A Wilkes, JS AF Adams, Shari-Jean L. Castle, Patrick J. Levisky, Joseph A. Hermosillo, Adrian Wilkes, John S. TI Chemical warfare agent simulant diisopropylfluoro phosphate (DFP) decontamination reactions in ionic liquid solvent dimethylpropyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl imide (DMPITf2N) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Adams, Shari-Jean L.; Castle, Patrick J.; Levisky, Joseph A.; Hermosillo, Adrian; Wilkes, John S.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. EM C07Shari-Jean.Adams@usafa.af.mil; patrick.castle@usafa.af.mil; Joseph.Levisky@usafa.af.mil; Adrian.Hermosillo@usafa.af.mil; john.wilkes@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 281-CHED BP 665 EP 665 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722803657 ER PT J AU Sanders, KA Castle, PJ Levisky, JA Hermosillo, A Wilkes, JS AF Sanders, Keith A. Castle, Patrick J. Levisky, Joseph A. Hermosillo, Adrian Wilkes, John S. TI Studying decontamination reactions with the chemical warfare agent simulant Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BIS) in the ionic liquid solvent dimethylpropyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl imide (DMPITf2N) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sanders, Keith A.; Castle, Patrick J.; Levisky, Joseph A.; Hermosillo, Adrian; Wilkes, John S.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. EM C07Keith.Sanders@usafa.af.mil; patrick.castle@usafa.af.mil; Joseph.Levisky@usafa.af.mil; Adrian.Hermosillo@usafa.af.mil; john.wilkes@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 369-CHED BP 677 EP 677 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722803669 ER PT J AU Garrett, RI Williams, M Wilkes, JS AF Garrett, Robert I. Williams, Margaret Wilkes, John S. TI Tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquid dyes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Garrett, Robert I.; Williams, Margaret; Wilkes, John S.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. EM C07Robert.Garrett@usafa.af.mil; Peg.Williams@usafa.af.mil; john.wilkes@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 1457-CHED BP 703 EP 703 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722803695 ER PT J AU Gupta, MK Slocik, JM Drummy, LF Tomczak, MM Naik, RR AF Gupta, Maneesh K. Slocik, Joseph M. Drummy, Lawrence F. Tomczak, Melanie M. Naik, Rajesh R. TI CELL 139-Nanocomposite silk fibers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gupta, Maneesh K.; Slocik, Joseph M.; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Tomczak, Melanie M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Joseph.Slocik@wpafb.af.mil; Melanie.Tomczak@wpafb.af.mil RI Gupta, Maneesh/E-7492-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 139-CELL BP 806 EP 806 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722800704 ER PT J AU Peloquin, AJ Stone, RL Stampher, SE Johnson, JEB Balaich, GJ AF Peloquin, Andrew J. Stone, Rebecca L. Stampher, Sarah E. Johnson, Jane E. B. Balaich, Gary J. TI Synthesis and reactivity of C2-symmetric ansa-ytterbocene(II) complexes derived from the reductive coupling of 1,3,6-trisubstituted fulvenes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Peloquin, Andrew J.; Stone, Rebecca L.; Stampher, Sarah E.; Johnson, Jane E. B.; Balaich, Gary J.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Andrew.Peloquin@USAFA.af.mil; Rebecca.Stone@USAFA.af.mil; Sarah.Stampher@USAFA.af.mil; jane.johnson@usafa.af.mil; gary.balaich@usafa.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 1261-CHED BP 811 EP 811 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722803803 ER PT J AU Apblett, AW Barber, K Piquette, AP Materer, N Flaming, J AF Apblett, Allen W. Barber, Kevin Piquette, Alan P. Materer, Nicholas Flaming, Jason TI I&EC 185-Hydrodynamic diffusion system for molecular separations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Apblett, Allen W.; Barber, Kevin; Piquette, Alan P.; Materer, Nicholas] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Flaming, Jason] Tinker AFB Environm Management Directorate, Environm Programs, Engn Branch, Tinker AFB, OK 73145 USA. EM allen.apblett@okstate.edu; barber_engr@yahoo.com; alan.piquette@okstate.edu; materer@okstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 173-IEC BP 842 EP 842 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GL UT WOS:000207722802744 ER PT J AU Bai, ZW Yoonessi, M Juhl, S Drummy, LF Koerner, H Durstock, MF Dang, TD AF Bai, Zongwu Yoonessi, Mitra Juhl, Shane Drummy, Lawrence F. Koerner, Hilmar Durstock, Michael F. Dang, Thuy D. TI Synthesis and characterization of segmented multiblock sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfones for proton exchange membranes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Bai, Zongwu] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. [Yoonessi, Mitra; Koerner, Hilmar; Dang, Thuy D.] AFRL MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Juhl, Shane] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.] USAF, Res Labs, AFRL MLBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Durstock, Michael F.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Polymer Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zongwu.bai@wpafb.af.mil; lawrence.drummy@wpafb.af.mil; michael.durstock@wpafb.af.mil; thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 379-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100290 ER PT J AU Choi, JY Wang, DH Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Choi, Ja-Young Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI In-situ polymerization of Ab2 monomer in the presence of carbon nanotubes in polyphosphoric acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Choi, Ja-Young; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David H.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jayoung@chungbuk.ac.kr; david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; Loon-Seng.Tan@afrl.af.mil; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 361-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100335 ER PT J AU Jeon, IY Choi, JY Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Jeon, In Yup Choi, Ja-Young Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Grafting of hyperbranched polyphenylene sulfide onto the surface of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Jeon, In Yup; Choi, Ja-Young; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM inyup@chungbuk.ac.kr; jayoung@chungbuk.ac.kr; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 363-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100211 ER PT J AU Mirau, PA Garber, JA Koerner, H Vaia, R AF Mirau, Peter A. Garber, Jenna A. Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard TI NMR studies of structure and dynamics of polymers at the clay interface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Mirau, Peter A.; Garber, Jenna A.; Vaia, Richard] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM peter.mirau@wpafb.af.mil; garber.10@wright.edu; hkoerner@woh.rr.com; richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 156-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100118 ER PT J AU Oh, SJ Choi, EK Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Oh, Se-Jin Choi, Eun-Kyoung Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Grafting of poly(ether-ketones) onto graphite via in-situ polymeryzation of 3-and 4-phenoxybenzoic acids in polyphosphoric acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Oh, Se-Jin; Choi, Eun-Kyoung; Baek, Jong-Beom] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sejin@chungbuk.ac.kr; ekchoi@chungbuk.ac.kr; Loon-Seng.Tan@afrl.af.mil; jbbaek@chungbuk.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 362-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100213 ER PT J AU Vaia, R Koerner, H Lu, W Manias, E AF Vaia, Richard Koerner, Hilmar Lu, Wei Manias, Evangelos TI Polymer nanocomposites with prescribed morphology: Going beyond nanoparticle-filled polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Vaia, Richard] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar] AFRL MLBP, Mat & Mfg Technol Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Lu, Wei] Univ Michagin, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Manias, Evangelos] Penn State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil; weilu@umich.edu; manias@psu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 19-POLY PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100374 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Marsh, T Yu, ZN Fossum, E Mather, PT Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Marsh, Timothy Yu, Zhenning Fossum, Eric Mather, Patrick T. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Improved monomer synthesis for hyperbranched poly(arylene-ether-ketone-imide)-part II SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Wang, David H.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Marsh, Timothy; Mather, Patrick T.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Yu, Zhenning; Fossum, Eric] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.marsh@case.edu; eric.fossum@wright.edu; patrick.mather@case.edu; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 331-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100364 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Tan, LS Huang, HJ Dai, LM Osawa, E AF Wang, David H. Tan, Loon Seng Huang, Houjin Dai, Liming Osawa, Eiji TI Grafting of detonation nanodiamond with m-poly(etherketone) in polyphosphoric acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 233rd National Meeting of the Cellulose-and-Renewable-Materials-Division of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS), Cellulose & Renewable Mat Div C1 [Wang, David H.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Tan, Loon Seng] USAF, Polymer Branch, AFRL MLBP, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Huang, Houjin; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Osawa, Eiji] NanoCarbon Res Inst Ltd, Chosei, Chiba 2994395, Japan. EM david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; ldai@udayton.edu; OsawaEiji@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 25 PY 2007 VL 233 MA 334-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V14GO UT WOS:000207723100328 ER PT J AU McHarg, MG Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC Kammae, T AF McHarg, Matthew G. Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C. Kammae, Takeshi TI Observations of streamer formation in sprites SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ART.; PROPAGATION; PHOTOIONIZATION; THUNDERCLOUD; IONIZATION; EMISSIONS; DIFFUSE; ELVES; HALOS; VIDEO AB Sprites have been recorded at 10,000 fps with 50 mu s image exposure time. At this time resolution it is possible to resolve the temporal development of streamer tips. The recordings show that sprites start with a streamer head forming at an altitude near 80 km. The streamer head moves rapidly downwards while brightening, and similar to 300 mu s after streamer passage longer lasting emissions ensues. This is essentially the C-sprite. In some events upward moving streamer heads are also observed, in which case we have a carrot-sprite. The streamer speeds vary between 10 6 and 10(7) m/s. Both positive and negative accelerations, of magnitude 10(5) - 10(10) m/s(2), were observed. Upward streamers, when present, always start later and from a lower altitude than downward streamers, and they start from existing structure in the sprite. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP McHarg, MG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM matthew.mcharg@usafa.af.mil; hnielsen@gi.alaska.edu OI Kanmae, Takeshi/0000-0001-9893-9718 NR 27 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 23 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 6 AR L06804 DI 10.1029/2006GL027854 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 149ZS UT WOS:000245186000001 ER PT J AU Yu, Z Li, W Hagen, JA Zhou, Y Klotzkin, D Grote, JG Steckl, AJ AF Yu, Z. Li, W. Hagen, J. A. Zhou, Y. Klotzkin, D. Grote, J. G. Steckl, A. J. TI Photoluminescence and lasing from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) thin films doped with sulforhodamine SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; STIMULATED-EMISSION; LASER PERFORMANCE; SCATTERING MEDIA; DYE MOLECULES; HOST MEDIA; COMPLEXES; BIOPOLYMER; PHOTONICS; GEL AB Thin solid films of salmon deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have been fabricated by treatment with a surfactant and used as host for the laser dye sulforhodamine (SRh). The DNA films have an absorption peak at similar to 260 nm owing to absorption by the nitrogenous aromatic bases. The SRh molecules in the DNA films have absorption and emission peaks at 578 and 602 nm, respectively. The maximum emission was obtained at similar to 1 wt. % SRh in DNA, equivalent to similar to 100 DNA base pairs per SRh molecule. A distributed feedback grating structure was fabricated on a SiO2-Si substrate using interference lithography. The grating period of 437 nm was selected, corresponding to second-order emission at the amplified spontaneous emission wavelength of 650 nm. Lasing was obtained by pumping with a doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. The lasing threshold was 3 mu J, corresponding to similar to 30 mu J/cm(2) or 4 kW/cm(2). The emission linewidth decreased from similar to 30 nm in the amplified spontaneous emission mode to < 0.4 nm (instrument limited) in the lasing mode. The slope efficiency of the lasing was similar to 1.2%. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45324 USA. RP Yu, Z (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM a.steckl@uc.edu OI Steckl, Andrew/0000-0002-1868-4442 NR 27 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1507 EP 1513 DI 10.1364/AO.46.001507 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 146PC UT WOS:000244945500019 PM 17334443 ER PT J AU Zhang, LJ U'Ren, AB Erdmann, R O'Donnell, KA Silberhorn, C Banaszek, K Walmsley, IA AF Zhang, Lijian U'Ren, Alfred B. Erdmann, Reinhard O'Donnell, Kevin A. Silberhorn, Christine Banaszek, Konrad Walmsley, Ian A. TI Generation of highly entangled photon pairs for continuous variable Bell inequality violation SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Quantum Optics VI Meeting CY JUN 13-18, 2005 CL Krynica, POLAND ID PODOLSKY-ROSEN STATE; WIGNER FUNCTION; NONLOCALITY; EINSTEIN; PHASE AB We propose a novel experimental technique based on the process of parametric downconversion for the generation of photon pairs characterized by ultra-high dimensional spectral entanglement. It is shown that a superlattice of nonlinear and linear segments can be exploited to obtain states exhibiting a remarkably large entanglement, with a Schmidt number in the region of 10(7). We furthermore consider the application of such highly entangled photon pairs for the violation of a Bell inequality constructed from a measurement of the transverse wavevector Wigner function; such an approach eliminates the need for filtering the photon pairs and consequently eliminates an important potential loophole. C1 CICESE, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Opt Informat & Photon, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY USA. Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP U'Ren, AB (reprint author), CICESE, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. EM auren@cicese.mx RI Zhang, Lijian/E-1526-2012; Silberhorn, Christine/J-4919-2013; Banaszek, Konrad/B-6799-2012 OI Zhang, Lijian/0000-0002-6205-1589; Silberhorn, Christine/0000-0002-2349-5443; Banaszek, Konrad/0000-0002-5389-6897 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD MAR 20 PY 2007 VL 54 IS 5 BP 707 EP 719 DI 10.1080/09500340600798454 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 141FD UT WOS:000244563000008 ER PT J AU Song, P Reinisch, BW Paznukhov, V Sales, G Cooke, D Tu, JN Huang, X Bibl, K Galkin, I AF Song, P. Reinisch, B. W. Paznukhov, V. Sales, G. Cooke, D. Tu, J. -N. Huang, X. Bibl, K. Galkin, I. TI High-voltage antenna-plasma interaction in whistler wave transmission: Plasma sheath effects SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; SCATTERING LOSS; DIPOLE ANTENNA; MAGNETOPLASMA; IONOSPHERE; IMAGER; PROBE AB We study the plasma sheath surrounding an antenna that transmits whistler mode waves in the inner magnetosphere in order to investigate the feasibility of conducting controlled experiments on the role of wave-particle interactions in the pitch angle diffusion of relativistic radiation belt electrons. We propose a model for an electrically short antenna-sheath-plasma system with transmission frequencies below the electron characteristic frequencies and much higher than the ion characteristic frequencies. The ion current is neglected. We analytically solve a time-dependent one-dimensional situation by neglecting the effects of the wave's magnetic field. In our model, the antenna is charged to a large negative potential during a steady transmission. Positive charge occurs in the sheath and the sheath is free of electrons and conduction current. The net charge on the antenna and in the sheath is zero. The volume, or the radius in a cylindrical case, of the sheath varies in response to the charge/voltage variation on the antenna. The oscillating radius of the sheath translates to a current in the plasma, which radiates waves into the plasma. A whistler wave transmission experiment conducted by the RPI-IMAGE has shown that the model may describe the most important physical processes occurring in the system. The system response is predominately reactive, showing no evidence for significant sheath current or sheath resistance. The negligibly small sheath conduction electron current can be understood if the antenna is charged to a substantial negative potential, as described by the model. Quantitatively, the model may underestimate the sheath capacitance by about 20%. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci Dept, Lowell, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA USA. Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Song, P (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci Dept, Lowell, MA USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 17 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A3 AR A03205 DI 10.1029/2006JA011683 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 147SY UT WOS:000245024000001 ER PT J AU Bryant, CK LaPuma, PT Hook, GL Houser, EJ AF Bryant, Chet K. LaPuma, Peter T. Hook, Gary L. Houser, Eric J. TI Chemical agent identification by field-based attenuated total reflectance infrared detection and solid-phase microextraction SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy is used to identify liquid and solid-phase chemicals. This research examines the feasibility of identifying vapor-phase chemicals using a field-portable ATR-FT-IR spectrometer (TravelIR) combined with solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Two nerve agent simulants, diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) and di-methyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), and three sorbent polymers were evaluated. Each polymer was deposited as a thin film on the instrument's sampling interface to partition and concentrate the simulants from air samples prepared in Tedlar bags. The lowest vapor concentrations identified were 50 ppb (v/v) (DIMP) and 250 ppb (v/v) (DMMP). The ATR-FT-IR instrument demonstrated a linear response at concentrations of 1 ppm (v/v) and below. Increasing the sample exposure time, the sample air velocity, and the film thickness was demonstrated to increase the amount of analyte extracted from the air sample. This research demonstrates that it is feasible to use a portable ATR-FT-IR spectrometer with SPME sampling to detect and identify vapor-phase chemicals. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Bryant, CK (reprint author), 2977 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Chet.Bryant@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 6 BP 2334 EP 2340 DI 10.1021/ac062047u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 145LR UT WOS:000244867100018 PM 17284014 ER PT J AU Liu, JW Dai, LM Baur, JW AF Liu, Jianwei Dai, Liming Baur, Jeff W. TI Multiwalled carbon nanotubes for flow-induced voltage generation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PATTERNED GROWTH AB Recently it has been reported that voltage can be generated by passing fluids over single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) arrays with potential application to flow sensors with a large dynamic range. The present work investigates voltage generation properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a function of the relative orientation of the nanotube array with respect to the flow direction, flow velocity, and solution ionic strength. It was found that the flow-induced voltage can be significantly enhanced by aligning the nanotubes along the flow direction, increasing the flow velocity and/or the ionic strength of the flowing liquid. A flow-induced voltage of similar to 30 mV has been generated from our perpendicularly-aligned MWCNT in an aqueous solution of 1M NaCl at a relatively low flow velocity of 0.0005 m/s, which is 15 times higher than the highest voltage reported for single-walled carbon nanotubes. The results are generally consistent with the pulsating asymmetric ratcheting mechanism proposed for SWCNT arrays, in which an asymmetrical spatial distributed strain forms from interactions with the polar and ionic species at the tube surface and is driven along the tube by the fluid flow. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Dayton, Sch Engn, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Adv Composites Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Sch Engn, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 8 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 6 AR 064312 DI 10.1063/1.2710776 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 151VA UT WOS:000245317700135 ER PT J AU Shaikh, S Lafdi, K Ponnappan, R AF Shaikh, S. Lafdi, K. Ponnappan, R. TI Thermal conductivity improvement in carbon nanoparticle doped PAO oil: An experimental study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOILING HEAT-TRANSFER; HOT-WIRE METHOD; NANO-FLUIDS; NANOFLUIDS; ENHANCEMENT; SUSPENSIONS; LIQUIDS; DIFFUSIVITY; NANOTUBES; PARTICLES AB The present work involves a study on the thermal conductivity of nanoparticle-oil suspensions for three types of nanoparticles, namely, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), exfoliated graphite (EXG), and heat treated nanofibers (HTT) with PAO oil as the base fluid. To accomplish the above task, an experimental analysis is performed using a modern light flash technique (LFA 447) for measuring the thermal conductivity of the three types of nanofluids, for different loading of nanoparticles. The experimental results show a similar trend as observed in literature for nanofluids with a maximum enhancement of approximately 161% obtained for the CNT-PAO oil suspension. The overall percent enhancements for different volume fractions of the nanoparticles are highest for the CNT-based nanofluid, followed by the EXG and the HTT. The findings from this study for the three different types of carbon nanoparticles can have great potential in the field of thermal management. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, RL, PRPS, Power Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shaikh, S (reprint author), Univ Dayton, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM shaikhsa@notes.udayton.edu NR 38 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 6 AR 064302 DI 10.1063/1.2710337 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 151VA UT WOS:000245317700125 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA AF Midey, Anthony J. Viggiano, A. A. TI Kinetics of sulfur oxide, sulfur fluoride, and sulfur oxyfluoride anions with atomic species at 298 and 500 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ION FLOW TUBE; CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; POSITIVE-IONS; INTERSTELLAR INTEREST; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; SF6 CORONA; AB-INITIO AB The rate constants and product-ion branching ratios for the reactions of sulfur dioxide (SO2-), sulfur fluoride (SFn-), and sulfur oxyfluoride anions (SOxFy-) with H, H-2, N, N-2, NO, and O have been measured in a selected-ion flow tube (SIFT). H atoms were generated through a microwave discharge on a H-2/He mixture, whereas O atoms were created via N atoms titrated with NO, where the N had been created by a microwave discharge on N-2. None of the ions reacted with H-2, N-2 or NO; thus, the rate constants are < 1 x 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1). SOxFy- ions react with H by only fluorine-atom abstraction to form HF at 298 and 500 K. Successive F-atom removal does not occur at either temperature, and the rate constants show no temperature dependence over this limited range. SO2- and F- undergo associative detachment with H to form a neutral molecule and an electron. Theoretical calculations of the structures and energetics of HSO2- isomers were performed and showed that structural differences between the ionic and neutral HSO2 species can account for at least part of the reactivity limitations in the SO2- + H reaction. All of the SOxFy- ions react with O; however, only SO2- reacts with both N and O. SOxFy- reactions with N (SO2- excluded) have a rate constant limit of < 1 x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1). The rate constants for the SOxFy- reactions with H and O are <= 25% of the collision rate constant, as seen previously in the reactions of these ions with O-3, consistent with a kinetic bottleneck limiting the reactivity. The only exceptions are the reactions of SO2- with N and O, which are much more efficient. Three pathways were observed with O atoms: F-atom exchange in the reactant ion, F- exchange in the reactant ion, and charge transfer to the O atom. No associative detachment was observed in the N- and O-atom reactions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Midey, AJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM Anthony.Midey@hanscom.af.mil NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1852 EP 1859 DI 10.1021/jp066198c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 143PM UT WOS:000244735000014 PM 17305321 ER PT J AU Rogers, JE Slagle, JE McLean, DG Sutherland, RL Brant, MC Heinrichs, J Jakubiak, R Kannan, R Tan, LS Fleitz, PA AF Rogers, Joy E. Slagle, Jonathan E. McLean, Daniel G. Sutherland, Richard L. Brant, Mark C. Heinrichs, James Jakubiak, Rachel Kannan, Ramamurthi Tan, Loon-Seng Fleitz, Paul A. TI Insight into the nonlinear absorbance of two related series of two-photon absorbing chromophores SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-LIMITING PROPERTIES; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; ONE-PHOTON ABSORPTION; FLUORENE DERIVATIVES; EXCITED-STATE; 2-PHOTON-ABSORBING CHROMOPHORES; COOPERATIVE ENHANCEMENT; ORGANIC CHROMOPHORES; DENDRITIC STRUCTURES AB A comprehensive photophysical study of the linear and nonlinear absorption properties has been carried out on two series of two-photon absorbing dyes to gain insight into how structure-property relationships influence observed nonlinear absorption. The materials studied consist of an electron accepting benzothiazole group connected to an electron donating diphenylamine via a fluorene bridging group. Two series differ from each other by the addition of one phenyl group and for each series one-arm (dipolar, AF240 and AF270), two-arm (quadrupolar, AF287 and AF295), and three-arm (octupolar, AF350 and AF380) versions were studied. Overall the AF240 series exhibits higher intrinsic two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections than the AF270 series as well as enhanced nanosecond nonlinear absorption, with an increase with number of branches. The enhanced nanosecond nonlinearity is understood by taking into account the contribution from the singlet and triplet excited states and was verified by a two-photon assisted excited-state absorption model that satisfactorily predicts the nonlinear absorption of the chromophores. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. AT&T Govt Solut, Dayton, OH 45324 USA. Anteon Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. Systran Syst Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Rogers, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joy.Rogers@wpafb.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 74 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1899 EP 1906 DI 10.1021/jp070050r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 143PM UT WOS:000244735000020 PM 17388283 ER PT J AU Caulfield, HJ Soref, RA Qian, L Zavalin, A Hardy, J AF Caulfield, H. John Soref, Richard A. Qian, Lei Zavalin, Andrey Hardy, James TI Generalized optical logic elements - GOLEs SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SYMBOLIC SUBSTITUTION; CONSERVATIVE LOGIC; DEFLECTOR; SYSTEMS AB A Generalized Optical Logic Element or GOLE is device that performs any of the 16 Boolean logic operations on signals in an optical beam with very fast switching among functions. The advantages of a generalized or universal gate in manufacturing are obvious. Extremely flexible functioning becomes possible if the GOLE functionality is switched in response to earlier computations. Likewise Field Programmable Gate Arrays or FPGAs can be used to fix the GOLE functions, making one of the most powerful and flexible processor units ever designed - called a Field GOLE. Such systems can be made in bulk optics to utilize Spatial Light Modulator or SLM capabilities, but integrated optics on silicon will be the choice for most applications. GOLEs can be generalized in several ways to become Fredkin gates and generalized Fredkin gates. They can also be cascaded similarly to electronic gates. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USAF, Sensors Direcotorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Zavalin, A (reprint author), Fisk Univ, 1000 17th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM azavalin@fisk.edu NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 271 IS 2 BP 365 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2006.10.051 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 140FD UT WOS:000244488900010 ER PT J AU Strawser, RE Leedy, KD Cortez, R Ebel, JL Dooley, SR Abell, CFH Bright, VM AF Strawser, Richard E. Leedy, Kevin D. Cortez, Rebecca Ebel, John L. Dooley, Steven R. Abell, Cari F. Herrmann Bright, Victor M. TI Influence of metal stress on RF MEMS capacitive switches SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE RF MEMS switches; spring constant; release time; switching speed; microbridge metallizations; beam deformation; radius of curvature AB The electrical and mechanical response of radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches depends critically on the profile of the released structure. Stress gradients within the material can significantly alter the structural profile thereby changing the spring constant and the resulting switch release times. To investigate the influence of metal stress on spring constant and release time, a series of RF MEMS electrostatically actuated capacitive microswitches was fabricated with varying beam metallizations. The total thickness of the beam was fixed at 700 mn consisting primarily of Au while thin (5 nm or 20 nm thick) Ti layers were inserted at different positions within the beam. Changes in the location of the Ti layer within the bridge thickness resulted in distinct structural profiles across both the width and length of the released microswitches. Profile differences were quantified using white light interferometric microscopy. As the Ti layer moved toward the bottom of the tri-layer stack, beam deformation increased, spring constants increased, and release times decreased. Results demonstrated that release times could be reduced by an order of magnitude when compared to all An switches. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Strawser, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.strawser@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2007 VL 134 IS 2 BP 600 EP 605 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2006.06.024 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 151VW UT WOS:000245319900041 ER PT J AU McNamara, LF Cooke, DL Valladares, CE Reinisch, BW AF McNamara, L. F. Cooke, D. L. Valladares, C. E. Reinisch, B. W. TI Comparison of CHAMP and Digisonde plasma frequencies at Jicamarca, Peru SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REAL HEIGHT ANALYSIS; BOTTOMSIDE IONOGRAMS; ELECTRON-CONTENT; PROFILES; MODEL; LAYER; TIME AB Ionospheric plasma frequencies at the altitude of the CHAMP satellite have been deduced from ionosonde true-height profiles for Jicamarca, Peru, and have been compared with the in situ measurements made by CHAMP. The differences between the plasma frequencies have been found to be well within the uncertainties associated with the ionosonde profiles, confirming the validity of the CHAMP measurements. For satellite-ionosonde separations of less than 250 km and for satellite altitudes below the peak of the F-2 layer, the average discrepancy between the two plasma frequencies is 0.25 MHz or 4%. For the most reliable ionosonde measurements, the average discrepancies reduce to 0.18 MHz (or 1.7%), with a standard deviation of 0.16 MHz (or 1.5%). Given the validity of the CHAMP plasma frequencies, corresponding ionosonde and CHAMP observations have been used to support the practice of extending the ionosonde profile above h(m)F(2) by assuming a Chapman layer with a constant scale height equal to that of the lower side of the F-2 layer peak. The average discrepancy for CHAMP passing above the peak of the F-2 layer is 0.22 MHz (or 2.6%), and the standard deviation is 0.8 MHz (or 13.3%). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Boston Univ, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP McNamara, LF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM leo.mcnamara.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR 13 PY 2007 VL 42 IS 2 AR RS2005 DI 10.1029/2006RS003491 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 147TO UT WOS:000245025600001 ER PT J AU Sun, G Khurgin, JB Soref, RA AF Sun, Greg Khurgin, Jacob B. Soref, Richard A. TI Practicable enhancement of spontaneous emission using surface plasmons SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT; POLARITONS AB The authors develop a rigorous theory of the enhancement of spontaneous emission from a light emitting device via coupling the radiant energy in and out of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on the metal-dielectric interface. Using the GaN/Ag system as an example, the authors show that using SPP pays off only for emitters that have a low luminescence efficiency. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USAF, Rome Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM greg.sun@umb.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 15 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 11 AR 111107 DI 10.1063/1.2539745 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146UC UT WOS:000244959200007 ER PT J AU Khoury, J Woods, CL Haji-Saeed, B Sengupta, SK Goodhue, WD Kierstead, J AF Khoury, Jed Woods, Charles L. Haji-Saeed, Bahareh Sengupta, Sandip K. Goodhue, William D. Kierstead, John TI Optically addressed microelectromechanical systems driven with high-frequency modulated light SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DEFORMABLE MEMBRANE AB We propose and analyze a new mode of operation for an optically addressed deformable mirror device. The device consists of an array of metallized membrane mirrors supported above an optically addressed photoconductive substrate. A conductive transparent electrode is deposited on the backside of the substrate. A variable polarity voltage is applied between the membrane and the back electrode of the device accompanied with high-frequency modulated light. The membrane is deformed when a modulated light illuminates the backside of the device. This occurs due to impedance and bias redistribution between the two cascaded impedances. This operating mechanism of a microelectromechanical systems device is suitable for detecting moving targets. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Optoelect Technol Branch, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH USA. RP Khoury, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Optoelect Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM jed.khoury@hanscom.af.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1194 EP 1200 DI 10.1364/AO.46.001194 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 142GK UT WOS:000244637200004 PM 17318238 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachtera, R AF Nguyen, Kiet A. Day, Paul N. Pachtera, Ruth TI Effects of solvation on one- and two-photon spectra of coumarin derivatives: A time-dependent density functional theory study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; LASER-DYES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLVENT POLARITY; CROSS-SECTIONS; EXCITED-STATES; DIPOLE-MOMENTS; EXCHANGE AB We report one- and two-photon absorption excitation energies and cross sections for a series of 7-aminocoumarins using time-dependent density functional theory with various basis sets and functionals, including exchange-correlation functionals using the Coulomb-attenuating method, to evaluate their performance in the gas phase and in solvents. Except for the results of one functional, the computed one-photon excitation energies and transition dipole moments are in good agreement with experiment. The range of errors obtained from various functionals is discussed in detail. The relationship of donor and acceptor groups with the one- and two-photon resonances and intensities is also discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 69 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 9 AR 094303 DI 10.1063/1.2464110 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 143QJ UT WOS:000244737400013 PM 17362105 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL Fritsma, GA AF McGlasson, David L. Fritsma, George A. TI Comparison of four commercial platelet function assays abilities to detect response to aspirin at 81 and 325 mg doses. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 56th Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 24-27, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Cardiol C1 59th Clin Res Squadron MSRL, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAR 6 PY 2007 VL 49 IS 9 SU A BP 318A EP 318A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 142LQ UT WOS:000244651802182 ER PT J AU Brillson, LJ Mosbacker, HL Hetzer, MJ Strzhemechny, Y Jessen, GH Look, DC Cantwell, G Zhang, J Song, JJ AF Brillson, L. J. Mosbacker, H. L. Hetzer, M. J. Strzhemechny, Y. Jessen, G. H. Look, D. C. Cantwell, G. Zhang, J. Song, J. J. TI Dominant effect of near-interface native point defects on ZnO Schottky barriers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE; HYDROGEN; STATES; CONDUCTIVITY; CONTACTS; FILMS AB The authors used depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and current-voltage measurements to probe metal-ZnO diodes as a function of native defect concentration, oxygen plasma processing, and metallization. The results show that resident native defects in ZnO single crystals and native defects created by the metallization process dominate metal-ZnO Schottky barrier heights and ideality factors. Results for ZnO(000 (1) over bar) faces processed with room temperature remote oxygen plasmas to remove surface adsorbates and reduce subsurface native defects demonstrate the pivotal importance of crystal growth quality and metal-ZnO reactivity in forming near-interface states that control Schottky barrier properties. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA USA. Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. ZN Technol Inc, Brea, CA 92821 USA. RP Brillson, LJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM brillson.1@osu.edu NR 21 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 10 AR 102116 DI 10.1063/1.2711536 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 144JG UT WOS:000244791700057 ER PT J AU Ferre, RM Sweeney, TW AF Ferre, Robinson M. Sweeney, Timothy W. TI Emergency physicians can easily obtain ultrasound images of anatomical landmarks relevant to lumbar puncture SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EPIDURAL-ANESTHESIA; SPACE; LOCALIZATION AB Introduction: Although ultrasound has been used in administering epidural anesthesia, it is unknown if emergency physicians (EPs) can obtain ultrasound images useful for lumbar puncture. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine EPs' ability to apply a standardized ultrasound technique for visualizing landmarks surrounding the dural space. Methods: Two EPs sought to identify relevant anatomy in emergency patients. Visualization time for 5 anatomical structures (spinous processes or laminae, ligamentum flavum, dura mater, epidural space, subarachnoid space), body mass index, and perception of landmark palpation difficulty were recorded. Results: Seventy-six subjects were enrolled. Soft tissue and bony anatomical structures were identified in all subjects. Mean body mass index was 31.4 +/- 9.8 (95% confidence interval, 29.1-33.6). High-quality images were obtained in less than 1 minute in 153 (87.9%) scans and in less than 5 minutes in 174 (100%) scans. Mean acquisition time was 57.19 seconds; SD, 68.14 seconds, range, 10 to 300 seconds. Conclusion: In this cohort, EPs were able to rapidly obtain high-quality ultrasound images relevant to lumbar puncture. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Maine Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portland, ME 04102 USA. RP Ferre, RM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM strout@mmc.org NR 13 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 3 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2006.08.013 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 149RA UT WOS:000245163100006 PM 17349903 ER PT J AU Lisanti, C Carlin, C Banks, KP Wang, D AF Lisanti, Christopher Carlin, Carrie Banks, Kevin P. Wang, David TI Normal MRI appearance and motion-related phenomena of CSF SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CNS; CSF; MRI ID CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; BLOOD-FLOW; PULSATION; IMAGES AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review the normal appearance of CSF, flow physics in relation to CSF flow dynamics, and commonly encountered appearances and artifacts of CSF due to superimposed flow effects. CONCLUSION. Normal CSF has inherent MRI properties of low signal intensity on T1-weighted sequences and high signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences. However, the normal CSF signal is frequently altered by superimposed flow phenomena that can confound interpretation. C1 MCHE DR, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Banks, KP (reprint author), MCHE DR, Dept Radiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM kevin.banks@amedd.army.mil NR 7 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 188 IS 3 BP 716 EP 725 DI 10.2214/AJR.05.0003 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 156QE UT WOS:000245663300018 PM 17312059 ER PT J AU Cloran, F Banks, KP AF Cloran, Francis Banks, Kevin P. TI AJR teaching file: Diffuse osteosclerosis with hepatosplenomegaly SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bone; diffuse sclerosis; musculoskeletal system; myelofibrosis C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Banks, KP (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MCHE-DR,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM kevin.banks@amedd.army.mil NR 7 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 188 SU 3 BP S18 EP S20 DI 10.2214/AJR.05.2141 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 166GZ UT WOS:000246367700006 PM 17312082 ER PT J AU La Shell, MS Tankersley, MS Guerra, A AF La Shell, Mark S. Tankersley, Michael S. Guerra, Abel TI Pruritus, papules, and perspiration SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL MILIARIA-CRYSTALLINA; EXERCISE-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS; URTICARIA AB Background: The development of pruritus and papules with increased body temperature is a common clinical scenario seen in allergy practice, often leading to a diagnosis of cholinergic urticaria. Objective: To describe an unusual case of miliaria and its significance in the evaluation of patients with pruritic papular eruptions that occur with increased body temperature. Methods: An 18-year-old woman was referred to a local allergist for the evaluation of cholinergic urticaria. For the preceding 6 months, she had experienced a facial burning sensation along with diffuse pruritus accompanied by water-filled pinpoint bumps on her abdomen and extremities during exercise and with hot tub use. The lesions appeared anytime she exercised, and she reduced her workouts because of the associated discomfort. An exercise challenge was performed given the atypical description of her cutaneous symptoms. Results: After indoor aerobic exercise on a treadmill, physical examination revealed facial flushing and numerous pinpoint translucent vesicles covering her abdomen. The diagnosis of miliaria crystallina was made. Given the intense pruritus she experienced with the lesions, she was prescribed cetirizine, 10 mg once daily. However, she noted no improvement with her exercise-induced miliaria. At follow-up 1 year later, her miliaria symptoms had spontaneously resolved with no sequelae observed. Conclusion: Intermittent, pruritic, papular eruptions that occur with perspiration can provide a diagnostic challenge when not present on initial examination. Although this presentation often leads to a diagnosis of cholinergic urticaria, our case illustrates that other disorders must be considered in the differential diagnosis. In these situations, exercise challenge is a valuable adjunct. C1 60th Med Grp, Dept Pediat, Travis AFB, CA USA. 59th Med Grp, Dept Allergy Asthma & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. 374th Med Grp, Dept Primary Care, Yokota AFB, Japan. RP La Shell, MS (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, 60th MDG SGOC,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM mark.lashell@travis.af.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 299 EP 302 PG 4 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 148JG UT WOS:000245070100017 PM 17378265 ER PT J AU Bui, TD Wilson, SE Gordon, IL Fujitani, RM Carson, J Montgomery, RS AF Bui, Trung D. Wilson, Samuel E. Gordon, Ian L. Fujitani, Roy M. Carson, John Montgomery, Russell S. TI Renal function after elective infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with pelvic kidneys SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Southern-California-Vascular-Surgical-Society CY MAY 13-15, 2005 CL La Quinta, CA ID AXILLOFEMORAL BYPASS GRAFT; ENDOVASCULAR REPAIR; AORTOILIAC RECONSTRUCTION; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; EXTRACORPOREAL BYPASS; PUMP-OXYGENATOR; SURGERY; PROTECTION; PERFUSION; ASSOCIATION AB Pelvic kidneys complicate aortic reconstructions because of increased risk of renal ischemia. Strategies for protection include shunting, cooling, and reliance on collaterals. A review identified two congenital pelvic kidney ( not solitary) and five transplanted kidney patients who underwent elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. For congenital pelvic kidneys, topical cooling was used in one patient while no preservation was performed for the other patient. Three transplanted kidney patients were shunted, and one had endovascular repair. Postoperative creatinine values were compared to preoperative values. The two congenital pelvic kidney patients had no significant elevation of creatinine postoperatively. The transplanted kidney patient who underwent endovascular repair had no increase in creatinine postoperatively. All transplanted kidney patients who had open repair had significant but transient increase in creatinine postoperatively. Three patients who were shunted intraoperatively had normalization of creatinine. The patient who had persistent elevation of creatinine at discharge was not shunted. Aortorenal shunting or endovascular repair in transplanted pelvic kidney patients maintains renal function. For patients with congenital pelvic kidneys and adequate collaterals, cooling and collateral perfusion is usually sufficient. Though experience is limited, endovascular repair is likely to be superior to open repair in minimizing renal ischemia. C1 [Bui, Trung D.; Wilson, Samuel E.; Gordon, Ian L.; Fujitani, Roy M.; Carson, John] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Surg, Orange, CA 92868 USA. [Bui, Trung D.; Wilson, Samuel E.; Gordon, Ian L.; Fujitani, Roy M.; Carson, John] VA Long Beach Healthcare Syst, Surg Serv, Long Beach, CA USA. [Fujitani, Roy M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Montgomery, Russell S.] St Josephs Hosp, Dept Surg, Orange, CA USA. RP Wilson, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Surg, 101 City Dr,Bldg 53,Route 81, Orange, CA 92868 USA. EM wilsone@uci.edu NR 46 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.avsg.2007.01.004 PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 277IU UT WOS:000254206700005 PM 17349353 ER PT J AU Hu, JJ Muratore, C Voevodin, AA AF Hu, J. J. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. TI Silver diffusion and high-temperature lubrication mechanisms of YSZ-Ag-Mo based nanocomposite coatings SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE yttria-stabilized zirconia; nanocomposite; multilayer; silver; high-temperature lubrication ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; ARGON ENVIRONMENTS; COMPOSITE COATINGS; SOLID LUBRICANTS; THIN-FILMS; WEAR AB Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanocomposite coatings consisting of silver and molybdenum were produced by a hybrid process of filtered vacuum arc, magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser depositions for tribological investigations at different temperatures. The coatings with 24 at.% Ag and 10 at.% Mo contents showed a friction coefficient of 0.4 or less for all temperatures from 25 to 700 degrees C. The wear scar surfaces and coating cross-sections were studied using scanning electron, transmission electron, scanning transmission electron and focused ion beam microscopes, which also provided the information on chemical composition distributions of silver and molybdenum along with microstructure features. It was demonstrated that silver diffusion and coalescence on surfaces played an important part in the high-temperature lubrication mechanism of the YSZ-Ag-Mo coatings. Silver was found to be an effective lubricant at temperatures below 500 degrees C and its coalescence on the surface isolated molybdenum inside coatings from ambient oxygen. Lubricious oxides of molybdenum were formed and lubricated at temperatures above 500 degrees C when the silver was worn off the contact surface. For silver containment inside the coating at high temperatures, a multilayer architecture was built by inserting a TiN diffusion barrier layer in the composite coatings. Microscopic observations showed that this barrier layer prevented silver exit to the coating surface. At the same time, this enabled a subsequent lateral lubricant supply toward a wear scar location where the diffusion barrier layer was worn through and/or for a next thermal cycle. The multilayer coating maintained a friction coefficient of 0.4 or less for more than 25,000 cycles, while the monolithic coating lasted less than 5000 cycles. In addition, a TiN surface barrier layer with pinholes was deposited on the YSZ-Ag-Mo composite surface to control vertical silver diffusion. With this coating design, the coating wear lifetime was significantly increased beyond 50,000 cycles. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MLBT, AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), MLBT, AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Bldg 654,2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jianjun.Hu@WPAFB.AF.MIL RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 37 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 336 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.09.008 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 135FW UT WOS:000244140500002 ER PT J AU Sztipanovits, J Bay, J Rohrbough, L Sastry, S Schmidt, DC Whitaker, N Wilson, D Winter, D AF Sztipanovits, Janos Bay, John Rohrbough, Larry Sastry, Shankar Schmidt, Douglas C. Whitaker, Norm Wilson, Don Winter, Don TI Escher: A new technology transitioning model SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Software Integrated Syst, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Informat Technol Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Comp Sci & Engn Program, Nashville, TN USA. DARPA, Arlington, VA USA. Raytheon Co, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. Boeing Co, Engn & Informat Technol, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Sztipanovits, J (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Software Integrated Syst, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. EM sztipanovits@vanderbilt.edu; john.bay@rl.af.mil; larry@escherinstitute.org; sastry@eecs.berkeley.edu; d.schmidt@vanderbilt.edu; norman.whitaker@darpa.mil; dwilson4@raytheon.com; don.c.winter@boeing.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD MAR PY 2007 VL 40 IS 3 BP 90 EP 92 DI 10.1109/MC.2007.89 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 146PN UT WOS:000244946800018 ER PT J AU Razani, A Roberts, T Flake, B AF Razani, A. Roberts, T. Flake, B. TI A thermodynamic model based on exergy flow for analysis and optimization of pulse tube refrigerators SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE pulse tube; cryocoolers; thermodynamics; cycle optimization; exergy analysis ID PERFORMANCE AB A thermodynamic model based on exergy flow through pulse tube refrigerators (PTRs) is developed. An exergetic efficiency parameter representing the losses in the pulse tube itself is proposed. The effects of control parameters representing a general phase shifter and their effect on the system performance are discussed. Analytical solutions representing important parameters in the design of PTRs such as the load curve, cooling power and efficiency in terms of basic system input parameters are developed. It is shown that the analytical model is powerful and convenient for optimization of PTRs and in quantifying its operational bound and important losses. Results indicating a compromise between cooling power and efficiency in PTRs under certain conditions are presented and discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, London NW1 5TH, England. RP Razani, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM Razani@unm.edu NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD MAR PY 2007 VL 47 IS 3 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2006.11.002 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 158DU UT WOS:000245772200005 ER PT J AU Adve, R Hale, T Wicks, M AF Adve, Raviraj Hale, Todd Wicks, Michael TI Knowledge based adaptive processing for ground moving target indication SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on Defence Applications of Signal Processing (DASP-2006) CY DEC 10-14, 2006 CL Fraser Isl, AUSTRALIA ID NONHOMOGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; SIGNAL; RADAR; ARRAYS AB This paper presents a preliminary knowledge based approach to space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for ground moving target indication from an airborne platform. The KB-processor accounts for practical aspects of adaptive processing, including detection and processing of non-homogeneous data, appropriate selection of training data, and accounting for array effects such as mutual coupling and channel mismatch. In combining these hitherto separate STAP issues into a unified approach, this paper furthers the move of STAP from theory to practice. The KB-approach is tested using measured data from the multi-channel airborne radar measurements (MCARM) program. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45324 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13403 USA. RP Adve, R (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 10 Kings Coll Rd, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. EM rsadve@comm.utoronto.ca NR 20 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 495 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.dsp.2005.06.005 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 144UR UT WOS:000244822300009 ER PT J AU Bai, SJ Sun, JP Huang, JW Dang, TD AF Bai, Shih Jung Sun, Ju-Pin Huang, Jen-Wei Dang, Thuy D. TI Solid electrolyte of fully conjugated, water-soluble rigid-rod polymer with articulated backbone for isotropic ionic conductivity SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE solid electrolyte; conjugated polymer; water soluble rigid-rod; backbone articulation; isotropic conductivity ID PARA-AROMATIC POLYMERS; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; MAIN CHAIN; UNITS AB An intractable and fully conjugated, aromatic, heterocyclic rigid-rod polymer poly[1,7-dihydrobenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']diimidazo-2,6-diyl(2-sulfo)-p-phenylene] (sPBI) was derivatized with isophthalic acid for an articulated rigid-rod polymer asPBI. This molecular backbone alternation significantly changed the intrinsic viscosity [eta] of sPBI from 9.4 dL/g to 1.1 dL/g for asPBI containing minute (1/50 molar ratio) articulation moiety indicating more a coil-like polymer for asPBI. Both sPBI and asPBI were reacted with 1,3-propanesultone in dimethylsulfoxide containing lithium hydroxide for water-soluble polyelectrolytes sPBI-Li+ and asPBI-Li+, respectively. The polyelectrolytes were dissolved in aqueous solution with up to 5 wt.% of LiI dopant and cast into films. Direct-current conductivity (sigma) was measured at room-temperature parallel to the film surface yielding sigma parallel to=3.2 x 10(-3) S/cm and 2.8 x 10(-3) S/cm for sPBI-Li+ and asPBI-Li+ (1/ 15), respectively. X-ray scattering and electron microscopy suggested that the cast films of sPBI-Li+ was in-plane isotropic but out-of-the plane anisotropic, and of asPBI-Li+ was three-dimensionally isotropic. It suggested that cast films of asPBI-Li+ having articulated backbone acquired an isotropic microstructure as well as an isotropic room-temperature a superior to those of other solid polyelectrolytes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bai, SJ (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, 70 Lein Hai Rd, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. EM sjbai@mail.nsysu.edu.tw NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 3 BP 517 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.10.009 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 154AE UT WOS:000245478400030 ER PT J AU Kuprowicz, NJ Zabarnick, S West, ZJ Ervin, JS AF Kuprowicz, Nicholas J. Zabarnick, Steven West, Zachary J. Ervin, Jamie S. TI Use of measured species class concentrations with chemical kinetic modeling for the prediction of autoxidation and deposition of jet fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-STABILITY; CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; ANTIOXIDANT CHEMISTRY; COPPER SPECIATION; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; OXIDATION; OXYGEN; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROPEROXIDE; HYDROCARBONS AB The production of detrimental carbonaceous deposits in jet aircraft fuel systems results from the involvement of trace heteroatomic species in the autoxidation chain that occurs upon fuel heating. Although it has been known for many years that these sulfur-, nitrogen-, and oxygen-containing species contribute to the tendency of a fuel to form deposits, simple correlations have been unable to predict the oxidation rates or the deposit forming tendencies over a range of fuel samples. In the present work, a chemical kinetic mechanism developed previously is refined to include the roles of key fuel species classes, such as phenols, reactive sulfur species, dissolved metals, and hydroperoxides. The concentrations of these fuel species classes in the unreacted fuel samples are measured experimentally and used as an input to the mechanism. The resulting model is used to simulate autoxidation behavior observed over a range of fuel samples. The model includes simulation of the consumption of dissolved oxygen, as well as the formation and consumption of hydroperoxide species during thermal exposure. In addition, the chemical kinetic mechanism is employed with a global deposition submechanism in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of deposit formation occurring in near-isothermal as well as non-isothermal flowing environments. Experimental measurements of oxygen consumption, hydroperoxide formation, and deposition are performed for a set of seven fuels. Comparison with experimental measurements indicates that the methodology offers the ability to predict both oxidation and deposition rates in complex flow environments, such as aircraft fuel systems, using only measured chemical species class concentrations for the fuel of interest. C1 Propuls Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Energy & Environm Engn Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Zabarnick, S (reprint author), Propuls Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Steven.Zabarnick@wpafb.af.mil NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 21 IS 2 BP 530 EP 544 DI 10.1021/ef060391o PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 147YH UT WOS:000245041200023 ER PT J AU Parkash, V Fadare, O AF Parkash, Vinita Fadare, Oluwole TI Maintenance-of-certification requirements for pathologists SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Hosp St Raphael, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Parkash, V (reprint author), Hosp St Raphael, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 38 IS 3 BP 524 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.12.001 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 139VG UT WOS:000244460100018 PM 17239932 ER PT J AU Carrell, SE West, JE AF Carrell, Scott E. West, James E. TI A sequential equilibrium for the army's targeted selective reenlistment bonus program SO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PERSONNEL; ORGANIZATIONS; PAY; COMPENSATION; ECONOMICS AB We compute a sequential equilibrium for the U.S. Army's Targeted Selective Reenlistment Bonus Program in which the Army offers a bonus, soldiers with a low cost of serving in an undesirable location accept the bonus and are sent to an undesirable location, and soldiers with a high cost of serving in an undesirable location reenlist but decline the bonus. We find that this program benefits both the Army and soldiers, increases retention, increases the number of soldiers who serve in an undesirable location, and better matches soldiers to assignments. We discuss implications of our model on human resource management practices for the Army in its administration of the bonus program and its application to other large organizations that set wages through a rules-based mechanism. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geosci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP West, JE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geosci, 2354 Fairchild Dr,6K100, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Jim.West@usafa.edu OI West, James/0000-0002-1454-2113 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0090-4848 J9 HUM RESOURCE MANAGE JI Hum. Resour. Manage. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1002/hrm.20143 PG 14 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 142SW UT WOS:000244671300003 ER PT J AU Holt, DT Rehg, MT Lin, JHS Miller, J AF Holt, Daniel T. Rehg, Michael T. Lin, Jeffrey H. S. Miller, Jennifer TI An application of the unfolding model to explain turnover in a sample of military officers SO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID VOLUNTARY EMPLOYEE TURNOVER; JOB-SATISFACTION; RETENTION POLICY; METAANALYSIS; PREDICTORS; PERSONNEL; MEMORY AB Questionnaire data from 182 Air Force officers who had voluntarily separated from the service were used to test Lee and Mitchell's (1994) unfolding model of voluntary turnover. Specifically, Lee and Mitchell predict five distinct paths to voluntary turnover, explaining the sequence of deliberate and impulsive decisions individuals make as they choose to leave organizations, where individuals interpret an organizational event, assess their relation to the work-place, evaluate options, and enact a response. Results indicate that 47% of the participants followed those five paths. Model modifications were made that reflect the unique nature of military service where members have preexisting plans to leave the service after a defined period or event. These modifications capture an additional 36% to explain 83% of the turnover decisions. The implications of these findings are addressed. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Holt, DT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.holt@afit.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0090-4848 J9 HUM RESOURCE MANAGE JI Hum. Resour. Manage. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1002/hrm.20144 PG 15 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 142SW UT WOS:000244671300004 ER PT J AU Jordan, RA AF Jordan, Rita A. TI Reflecting on the military's best practices SO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB We asked two leaders with experience in both military and corporate leadership, Dr. Ervin J. Rokke and Walter F Ulmer Jr., to describe their perceptions of the differences between these two arenas. Both believe that compared to most corporate entities, the military provides greater opportunities for early leadership, uses participation and feedback to strengthen communications, prioritizes the welfare of subordinates, and emphasizes a foundation of core values. They also note that the transparency of both corporate and military approaches to leadership has led to shared learning and that despite operating in different environments, military and business have much to learn from each other. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Jordan, RA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Management, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J-130, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM rita.jordan@usafa.af.mil NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0090-4848 J9 HUM RESOURCE MANAGE JI Hum. Resour. Manage. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1002/hrm.20149 PG 4 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 142SW UT WOS:000244671300009 ER PT J AU Ochoa, E Nelson, T Bedford, R Ehret, J Starman, L Harvey, M Anderson, T Ren, F AF Ochoa, Edward Nelson, Thomas Bedford, Robert Ehret, James Starman, LaVern Harvey, Michael Anderson, Travis Ren, Fan TI Demonstration of hybrid AlxGa1-xAs-polysilicon microelectromechanical tunable filter SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE flip-bonding; flip-chip devices; microelectromechanical devices; optical filters; passive filters; SU-8; tunable filters (TFs); wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) filter ID VCSEL AB We report the experimental demonstration of a hybrid AlxGa1-xAs-polysilicon electrostatically actuated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) tunable filter. An Al0.4Ga0.6As-GaAs distributed Bragg reflector was successfully flip-bonded to a polysilicon MEMS platform using SU-8 photoresist as bonding adhesive. The device demonstrated 53 nm (936.5-989.5 nm) of resonant wavelength tuning over the electrostatic actuation voltage range of 0-10 V. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80922 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ochoa, E (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.bedford@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5-8 BP 381 EP 383 DI 10.1109/LPT.2007.891942 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 158CJ UT WOS:000245768200042 ER PT J AU Fan, L Fallahi, M Zakharian, AR Hader, J Moloney, JV Bedford, R Murray, JT Stolz, W Koch, SW AF Fan, Li Fallahi, Mahmoud Zakharian, Aramais R. Hader, Jorg Moloney, Jerome V. Bedford, Robert Murray, James T. Stolz, Wolfgang Koch, Stephan W. TI Extended tunability in a two-chip VECSEL SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE birefringent filter (BF); optically pumped semiconductor laser; tunable linearly polarized vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS AB We demonstrate a widely tunable vertical-externalcavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) with a W-shaped cavity, in which two VECSEL chips serve as fold mirrors and a birefringent filter is inserted at Brewster's angle. These two chips provide much higher modal gain and broader bandwidth of the gain than a single chip does, enhancing the VECSEL tuning range and re-ducing the variation of tunable output power with the tuned wavelength. This two-chip VECSEL configuration makes it possible to shape the modal gain spectra of the laser or to manipulate the tuning curve of the laser by two different chips with certain gain peak detuning (offset). Multiwatts high-brightness linearly polarized output with a tuning range of 33 nm is demonstrated in such a two-chip VECSEL. C1 Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Arete Associates, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Fan, L (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM lifan@optics.arizona.edu NR 7 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 5-8 BP 544 EP 546 DI 10.1109/LPT.2007.893898 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 158CJ UT WOS:000245768200094 ER PT J AU Beccue, PB Pekarek, SD Deken, BJ Koenig, AC AF Beccue, Philip B. Pekarek, Steven D. Deken, Bradley J. Koenig, Andreas C. TI Compensation for asymmetries and misalignment in a Hall-effect position observer used in PMSM torque-ripple control SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2005) CY MAR 06-10, 2005 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE PELS, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE permanent-magnet machines; position measurement; torque control; torque measurement ID PERMANENT-MAGNET MOTORS; SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS; MINIMIZATION; DRIVES; PERFORMANCE; VIBRATION; MACHINE; DESIGN AB A Hall-effect-sensor-based position observer that is suitable for mitigation of torque ripple in permanent-magnet synchronous machines is derived. The observer includes an initial commissioning routine to compensate for the offset in the placement of Hall sensors, which is shown to be necessary for effective control of torque harmonics. Using the position observer in lieu of a high-precision encoder, the overall cost of control-based torque-ripple mitigation is reduced significantly. In addition to the observer, an enhancement is made to a recently developed torque-ripple mitigation algorithm. Specifically, the algorithm is modified to compensate for sensor delay. Proposed methods have been validated in simulation and hardware. C1 USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr Engn Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. SE Missouri State Univ, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701 USA. RP Beccue, PB (reprint author), USAF, Aeronaut Syst Ctr Engn Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Philip.beccue@wpafb.af.mil; spekarek@purdue.edu; deken@ieee.org; ackoenig@purdue.edu NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-9994 EI 1939-9367 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 560 EP 570 DI 10.1109/TIA.2006.889883 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 149MA UT WOS:000245149800022 ER PT J AU Crance, J Willoughby, J AF Crance, Joseph Willoughby, Jerome TI Measuring History SO INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER LA English DT Article C1 [Crance, Joseph] USAF, Manpower Agcy, Langley AFB, VA USA. [Crance, Joseph] USAF, Civil Serv, Langley AFB, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS PI NORCROSS PA 3577 PARKWAY LANE, STE 200, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 1542-894X J9 IND ENG JI Ind. Eng PD MAR PY 2007 VL 39 IS 3 BP 32 EP 37 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA V18LP UT WOS:000208006600021 ER PT J AU Boyd, M Huang, SM Jiang, JJ Klein, G AF Boyd, Michael Huang, Shi-Ming Jiang, James J. Klein, Gary TI Discrepancies between desired and perceived measures of performance of IS professionals: Views of the IS professionals themselves and the users SO INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE IS users; IS personnel; IS success; job performance measures; satisfaction; discrepancy theory ID INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; SATISFACTION; PERCEPTIONS; TURNOVER AB Evaluation of IS professionals is difficult. Measures are seldom fully defined and suffer from the inability of a user to consider differences between expectations and perceptions of performance. In addition, expected levels of performance and perceived levels of performance depend on the satisfaction of each group of stakeholders. Discrepancy theory leads one to expect that satisfaction is highest when performance matches expectations. To explore this gap in different groups, a sample of users and a matched sample of IS professionals was investigated in order to determine the relationship between the performance gap and satisfaction with the system on the part of the users and careers on the part of the IS professionals. Larger gaps were found to be associated with poor satisfaction in both samples. Additionally, each group had a different set of expectations, indicating that the measures did not represent the same expectation or meanings to different stakeholders. Thus, management should strive to promote uniform understanding of the measures employed in IS professional performance-evaluation by all stakeholders and manage expectations according to the metrics selected. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Management Informat Syst, Coll Business, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. USAF Acad, Dept Management, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Management Mkt & Polit Sci, Coll Business & Publ Affairs, Martin, TN 38238 USA. Natl Chung Cheng Univ, Dept Accounting & Informat Technol, Chiayi, Taiwan. RP Jiang, JJ (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Management Informat Syst, Coll Business, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM jjiang@bus.ucf.edu NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7206 J9 INFORM MANAGE-AMSTER JI Inf. Manage. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.im.2006.12.003 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA 148IF UT WOS:000245067300007 ER PT J AU Wood, L Ivancic, W Hodgson, D Miller, E Conner, B Lynch, S Jackson, C Curiel, AD Cooke, D Shell, D Walke, J Stewart, D AF Wood, L. Ivancic, W. Hodgson, D. Miller, E. Conner, B. Lynch, S. Jackson, C. Curiel, A. da Silva Cooke, D. Shell, D. Walke, J. Stewart, D. TI Using Internet nodes and routers onboard satellites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING LA English DT Article DE Internet; router; UK-DMC; satellite; HDLC; frame relay; IP; UDP ID ORBIT AB An Internet router was integrated into the UK-DMC remote-sensing satellite as a secondary experimental payload. This commercial product has been orbiting in space for over three years. We describe the integration of the router and satellite and the successful on-orbit testing of the router, which took place using the Virtual Mission Operations Center (VMOC) application as part of a larger systems internetworking exercise. Placing this Cisco router in Low Earth Orbit (CLEO) onboard a small satellite is one step towards extending the terrestrial networking model to the near-Earth space environment as part of a merged space-ground architecture. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Cisco Syst Global Govt Solut Grp, London, England. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. Univ Surrey, DMC Int Imaging, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Univ Surrey, Surrey Satellite Technol Ltd, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. USAF, Space Battlelab, Schriever AFB, CO USA. Universal Space Network Inc, Horsham, PA USA. Cisco Syst Govt Serv Unit, Richfield, OH USA. Verizon Fed Network Syst, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Wood, L (reprint author), 11 New Sq Pk, Feltham TW14 8HA, Middx, England. EM lwood@cisco.com; wivancic@grc.nasa.gov; d.hodgson@dmcii.com; eric.miller@gd-ais.com; brett.conner@afosr.af.mil; lynch@uspacenet.com; c.jackson@sstl.co.uk; a.da-silva-curiel@sstl.co.uk; d.cooke@sstl.co.uk; dshellwireless@gmail.com; jon.walke@gd-ais.com; dstewart@grc.nasa.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1542-0973 J9 INT J SATELL COMM N JI Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 195 EP 216 DI 10.1002/sat.870 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 145YQ UT WOS:000244902100005 ER PT J AU Skebo, JE Grabinski, CM Schrand, AM Schlager, JJ Hussain, SM AF Skebo, Jeanne E. Grabinski, Christin M. Schrand, Amanda M. Schlager, John J. Hussain, Saber M. TI Assessment of metal nanoparticle agglomeration, uptake, and interaction using high-illuminating system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agglomeration; aluminum; cell lines; manganese; nanoparticles; silver ID IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY; CELLS; MICROSCOPY; PARTICLES; SIZE AB In the present study, an ultrahigh-resolution system was applied as a simple and convenient technique to characterize the extent of metal nanoparticle agglomeration in solution and to visualize nanoparticle agglomeration, uptake, and surface interaction in three cell phenotypes under normal culture conditions. The experimental results demonstrated that silver (25,80,130 nm); aluminum (80 nm); and manganese (40 nm) particles and agglomerates were effectively internalized by rat liver cells (BRL 3A), rat alveolar macrophages (MACs), and rat neuroendocrine cells (PC-12). Individual and agglomerated nanoparticles were observed within the cells and agglomerates were observed on the cell surface membranes. The particles were initially dispersed in aqueous or physiological balanced salt solutions and agglomeration was observed using the Ultra Resolution Imaging (URI) system. Different methods, such as sonication and addition of surfactant (0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]) reduced agglomeration. Due to effects of SDS itself on cell viability, the surfactant could not be directly applied during cell exposure. Therefore, following addition of 0.1% SDS, the particles were washed twice with ultrapure water, which reduced agglomeration even further. Reducing the agglomeration of the nanoparticles is important for studying their uptake and in applications that benefit from individual nanoparticles such as diagnostics. In summary, this study demonstrates a simple technique to characterize the extent of nanoparticle agglomeration in solution and visualize nanoparticle (40 nm and larger) uptake and interaction with cells. Additionally, an example application of nanoparticle labeling onto the surface and neurite extensions of murine neuroblastoma cells (N2A) is presented as a potential imaging tool. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate,HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate,HEPB, Bldg 837,R St,Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Saber.Hussain@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 78 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1080/10915810701226248 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 158LJ UT WOS:000245792700005 PM 17454253 ER PT J AU Koob, GF Miller, SC Wunsch, MJ AF Koob, George F. Miller, Shannon C. Wunsch, Martha J. TI Inaugural issue of the Journal of Addiction Medicine SO JOURNAL OF ADDICTION MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Koob, George F.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Comm Neurobiol Disorders, La Jolla, CA USA. [Koob, George F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Koob, George F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Koob, George F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Koob, George F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Cincinnati Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Educ Addict Sci Div, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] Hope Hosp, Lindner Ctr, Mason, OH USA. [Miller, Shannon C.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Wunsch, Martha J.] Edward Via Virginia Coll Osteopath Med, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Wunsch, Martha J.] ARS Pantops Opioid Treatment Program, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Wunsch, Martha J.] Addict Med, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Koob, GF (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Comm Neurobiol Disorders, La Jolla, CA USA. RI koob, george/P-8791-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1932-0620 J9 J ADDICT MED JI J. Addict. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1097/ADM.0b013e318033d5bf PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 303FW UT WOS:000256027400001 PM 21768924 ER PT J AU Attar, PJ AF Attar, Peter J. TI Cantilevered plate Rayleigh-Ritz trial function selection for von Karman's plate equations SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID LIMIT-CYCLE OSCILLATIONS; ANGLE-OF-ATTACK; NONLINEAR OSCILLATIONS; FLUTTERING PLATE; SYSTEM; CONVERGENCE; MODEL AB The accuracy and convergence characteristics of the classical Rayleigh-Ritz solution of the nonlinear von Kariman plate equations are studied with respect to the types of cantilever plate in-plane trial functions used in the solution. The static deflection of the cantilever plate is computed for an applied static gravity loading. Four different in-plane trial function types are studied. In each of these cases the same out-of-plane trial functions are used. It is found that in two of the four cases good convergence and accuracy are achieved when compared to the solution from a nonlinear finite element model. The degree of satisfaction of the problem natural boundary conditions is also examined, and it is shown that for the two cases that show inadequate convergence characteristics this satisfaction is poor. It is noted in particular that for these two cases at points on the problems' free boundaries, the in-plane trial functions satisfy, either exactly or approximately, the linear in-plane natural boundary conditions. At these points the addition of inplane degrees of freedom to the solution will not contribute to the satisfaction of the nonlinear natural boundary condition. Thus for these two cases the convergence is poor as more in-plane trial functions are added to the solution. The change in the statically loaded plate natural frequencies are also computed. Similar to the static deflection results, convergence to the nonlinear finite element solution Is slow when in-plane trial functions are used that approximately satisfy the linear in-plane boundary conditions. C1 USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Attar, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.attar@wpafb.af.mil RI Attar, Peter/B-1728-2008 OI Attar, Peter/0000-0003-3112-9205 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 654 EP 661 DI 10.2514/1.25022 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 155YP UT WOS:000245615000034 ER PT J AU Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Smith, HE Landis, G Smith, SR Glaser, ER AF Mitchel, W. C. Mitchell, William D. Smith, H. E. Landis, G. Smith, S. R. Glaser, E. R. TI Compensation mechanism in high purity semi-insulating 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL LAYERS; SILICON-CARBIDE; ACCEPTOR FITS; DEEP LEVELS; DEFECTS; CENTERS; EQUIVALENCE; RESONANCE; DONOR AB A study of deep levels in high purity semi-insulating 4H-SiC has been made using temperature dependent Hall effect (TDH), thermal and optical admittance spectroscopies, and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Thermal activation energies from TDH varied from a low of 0.55 eV to a high of 1.65 eV. All samples studied showed n-type conduction with the Fermi level in the upper half of the band gap. Fits of the TDH data to different charge balance equations and comparison of the fitting results with SIMS measurements indicated that the deep levels are acceptorlike even though they are in the upper half of the band gap. Carrier concentration measurements indicated that the deep levels are present in concentrations in the low 10(15) cm(-3) range, while SIMS results demonstrate nitrogen and boron concentrations in the low to mid-10(15)-cm(-3) range. The results suggest that compensation in this material is a complex process involving multiple deep levels. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 AFRL MLPS, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Mitchel, WC (reprint author), AFRL MLPS, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.mitchel@wpafb.af.mil NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 5 AR 053716 DI 10.1063/1.2437677 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 146PB UT WOS:000244945400077 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Huang, CY Marcos, FA Wise, JO AF Burke, William J. Huang, Cheryl Y. Marcos, Frank A. Wise, John O. TI Interplanetary control of thermospheric densities during large magnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yosemite Workshop on Global Aspects of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling CY FEB 07-10, 2006 CL Yosemite Natl Park, Yosemite, CA HO Yosemite Natl Park DE thermosphere density distribution; electric fields; ionosphere-atmosphere interactions; magnetic storms; forecasting ID MODEL; DMSP AB During the main phase of large magnetic storms significant energy can be deposited in the ionosphere but produce no commensurate magnetic perturbations on the ground. Consequently, models designed to predict and specify thermospheric energy budgets based on ground magnetic data are negatively impacted. To quantify these effects we compare thermospheric densities predicted by the MSIS model with those inferred from accelerometer measurements by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites during two magnetic storm periods in 2004. Although predictions and measurements are in substantial agreement during quiet times, the model significantly underpredicts densities during storms. Also, the model's maxima occur several hours after observed stormtime peaks. We show that polar cap potentials and magnetospheric electric fields derived from interplanetary parameters measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer satellite are roughly proportional to neutral densities observed by GRACE with lead times of similar to 4h. Finally, ion drift meter data from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program spacecraft suggest that unpredicted positive and negative spikes found in high latitude accelerometer data reflect encounters with strong head and tail thermospheric winds driven by anti-sunward convecting plasma. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM william.burke2@hanscom.af.mil NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 SI SI BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.05.027 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 158EK UT WOS:000245773900009 ER PT J AU Foster, JC Rideout, W Sandel, B Forrester, WT Rich, FJ AF Foster, J. C. Rideout, W. Sandel, B. Forrester, W. T. Rich, F. J. TI On the relationship of SAPS to storm-enhanced density SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Yosemite Workshop on Global Aspects of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling CY FEB 07-10, 2006 CL Yosemite Natl Park, Yosemite, CA HO Yosemite Natl Park DE ionosphere; plasmasphere; electric field; M-I coupling; subauroral ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; DEPENDENCE; GRADIENTS AB We use magnetic field-aligned mapping between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere to intercompare ground-based observations of storm enhanced density (SED), and plasmasphere drainage plumes imaged from space by the IMAGE EUV imager, with the enhanced inner-magnetosphere/ionosphere SAPS electric field which develops during large storms. We find that the inner edge of the SAPS electric field overlaps the erosion plume and that plume material is carried sunward in the SAPS overlap region. The two phenomena, SED in the ionosphere and the erosion plume at magnetospheric heights, define a common trajectory for sunward-propagating cold plasma fluxes in the midnight-dusk-postnoon sector. The SAPS channel at ionospheric heights and its projection into the equatorial plane serve to define the sharp outer boundary of the erosion plume. The SAPS electric field abuts and overlaps both the plasmasphere boundary layer and the plasmasphere erosion plume from pre-midnight through post-noon local times. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Foster, JC (reprint author), MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. EM jfoster@haystack.mit.edu NR 26 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 SI SI BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.07.021 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 158EK UT WOS:000245773900011 ER PT J AU Zhupanska, OI Sierakowski, RL AF Zhupanska, Olesya I. Sierakowski, Robert L. TI Effects of an electromagnetic field on the mechanical response of composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE polymer matrix composites; electric current; electromagnetic field; anisotropic plate; electro-magneto-mechanical coupling ID PLATES; PROPAGATION AB The existing experimental evidence suggests that exposure of a composite material to an electromagnetic field leads to changes in the material's strength and resistance to delamination. In this work, the mechanical response of transversely isotropic graphite/epoxy composite plates in the presence of an electromagnetic field is studied. The interacting effects of the in-plane steady and slowly varying electric current, external magnetic field, and mechanical load as well as the effects of mechanical and electrical anisotropies are investigated. It is shown that an electromagnetic field may significantly enhance or reduce the deformed state of the composite plate depending on the direction of its application and its intensity. C1 Univ Florida, REEF, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Zhupanska, OI (reprint author), Univ Florida, REEF, 1350 N Poquito Rd, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. EM zhupanska@gerc.eng.ufl.edu NR 16 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 5 BP 633 EP 652 DI 10.1177/0021998306065293 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 148WE UT WOS:000245107300007 ER PT J AU French, M Handy, R AF French, Mark Handy, Rod TI Spectrograms: Turning Signals into Pictures SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Spectrograms, representing data in both the time and frequency domain, provide a means of easily discerning important details about an event. This paper describes a technique of visual data interpretation that works well when changes in signal frequency are evident over time. The body of the paper includes a section on the theoretical basis for the technique, with relevant time-frequency distributions, and a section on plot interpretation strategies. Further, several practical examples of field applications are brought forth to demonstrate its usefulness. The paper concludes with a summary that includes mention of future research efforts in this area. C1 [French, Mark; Handy, Rod] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [French, Mark] USAF, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Handy, Rod] Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP French, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N ST, N W, STE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0747-9964 J9 J ENG TECHNOL JI J. Eng. Technol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 24 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 395UM UT WOS:000262549000005 ER PT J AU Webster, D Murtha, T Straight, KD Silverstein, J Martinez, H Terry, RE Burnett, R AF Webster, David Murtha, Timothy Straight, Kirk D. Silverstein, Jay Martinez, Horacio Terry, Richard E. Burnett, Richard TI The great Tikal earthwork revisited SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANCIENT MAYA; GUATEMALA; STATE AB in 1966 University of Pennsylvania archaeologists discovered impressive carthworks near the, Classic Maya center of Tikal, Guatemala. They were provisionally interpreted as part of a vast "emic" defensive and boundary system that defined the political capital and the agricultural core of the Tikal polity around A.D. 400-550. These conclusions have heavily influenced conceptions of Classic Maya warfare, urbanism, polity, settlement, demograpby, and subsistence for 40 years, despite the fact that very little research was ever done on the earthworks. Three seasons of mapping and excavation in 2003-2006 support some of the conventional interpretations, but call others into question. That the earthworks were ever a functional defensive system seems doubtful. The new fieldwork has also yielded a wealth of new data about settlement distributions, household remains, soils, vegetation, and land use at Tikal. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Anthropol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI USA. Univ Guatemala, Escuela Hist, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Webster, D (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Anthropol, 409 Carpenter Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM drw16@psu.edu; tmurtha@psu.edu; kds204@psu.edu; jay.silverstein@jpac.pacom.mil; amatlehm@gmail.com; richard_terry@byu.edu; rich_burnett@byu.edu NR 59 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0093-4690 J9 J FIELD ARCHAEOL JI J. Field Archaeol. PD SPR PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 41 EP 64 PG 24 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 170DS UT WOS:000246642800003 ER PT J AU Ikanovic, M Rudzinski, WE Bruno, JG Allman, A Carrillo, MP Dwarakanath, S Bhahdigadi, S Rao, P Kiel, JL Andrews, CJ AF Ikanovic, Milada Rudzinski, Walter E. Bruno, John G. Allman, Amity Carrillo, Maria P. Dwarakanath, Sulatha Bhahdigadi, Suneetha Rao, Poornima Kiel, Johnathan L. Andrews, Carrie J. TI Fluorescence assay based on aptamer-quantum dot binding to Bacillus thuringiensis spores SO JOURNAL OF FLUORESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; aptamer; quantum dots; SELEX; fluorescence ID IN-VITRO SELECTION; DNA APTAMERS; NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; BIOMOLECULES; MOLECULES; LIGANDS; SAFETY AB A novel assay was developed for the detection of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) spores. The assay is based on the fluorescence observed after binding an aptamer-quantum dot conjugate to BT spores. The in vitro selection and amplification technique called SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) was used in order to identify the DNA aptamer sequence specific for BT. The 60 base aptamer was then coupled to fluorescent zinc sulfide-capped, cadmium selenide quantum dots (QD). The assay is semi-quantitative, specific and can detect BT at concentrations of about 1,000 colony forming units/ml. C1 Texas State Univ San Marcos, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. Operat Technol Corp, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NanoSci Diagnost Inc, Austin, TX 78758 USA. USAF, Res Lab, HEPC, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Rudzinski, WE (reprint author), Texas State Univ San Marcos, Dept Chem & Biochem, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM wr01@txstate.edu RI Zhou, Feng/E-9510-2011 NR 31 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 8 U2 42 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1053-0509 J9 J FLUORESC JI J. Fluoresc. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s10895-007-0158-4 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 142WT UT WOS:000244682300010 PM 17265180 ER PT J AU Berg, GE Collins, RS AF Berg, Gregory E. Collins, Randall S. TI Personal identification based on prescription eyewear SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; personal identification; optical lenses; optical prescription strength; spectacle prescriptions; statistics; reliability AB This study presents a web-based tool that can be used to assist in identification of unknown individuals using spectacle prescriptions. Currently, when lens prescriptions are used in forensic identifications, investigators are constrained to a simple "match" or "no-match" judgment with an antemortem prescription. It is not possible to evaluate the strength of the conclusion, or rather, the potential or real error rates associated with the conclusion. Three databases totaling over 385,000 individual prescriptions are utilized in this study to allow forensic analysts to easily determine the strength of individuation of a spectacle match to antemortem records by calculating the frequency at which the observed prescription occurs in various U.S. populations. Optical refractive errors are explained, potential states and combinations of refractive errors are described, measuring lens corrections is discussed, and a detailed description of the databases is presented. The practical application of this system is demonstrated using two recent forensic identifications. This research provides a valuable personal identification tool that can be used in cases where eyeglass portions are recovered in forensic contexts. C1 Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Berg, GE (reprint author), Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM greg.berg@ds.jpac.pacom.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 2 BP 406 EP 411 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00353.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 138DJ UT WOS:000244343000023 PM 17316241 ER PT J AU Sabol, C Alfriend, KT Wiese, D AF Sabol, Chris Alfriend, Kyle T. Wiese, David TI Angles-only orbit updates for low-Earth-orbit satellites SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB This paper provides the development of a simplified covariance model for predicting the along-track error uncertainty and error uncertainty growth rate for the single-pass, angles-only orbit update, the validation of the model using simulation and real data cases, and a summary of efforts made to characterize the uncertainty of general-perturbations-based element sets. The analysis shows that one of the limiting factors in obtaining a high-accuracy orbit update from a single pass of angles-only data is the eccentricity uncertainty. For the observation characteristics considered, a high-accuracy orbit update could not be obtained if the initial eccentricity uncertainty is 10(-5) or greater. Analysis of general perturbation element set uncertainties showed that typically the eccentricity uncertainty is no smaller than 10(-5), so the eccentricity uncertainty is a limiting factor in obtaining an accurate orbit update with a single pass of angles-only data with general perturbations element sets. C1 USAF, Res Lab Maui Opt & Supercomp, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sabol, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab Maui Opt & Supercomp, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.2514/1.25008 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 150PK UT WOS:000245228500003 ER PT J AU Zhang, YD Lee, SH Yoonessi, M Toghiani, H Pittman, CU AF Zhang, Yudong Lee, Sang Ho Yoonessi, Mitra Toghiani, Hossein Pittman, Charles U., Jr. TI Phenolic resin/octa(aminophenyl)-T-8-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) hybrid nanocomposites: Synthesis, morphology, thermal and mechanical properties SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesqueoxanes); phenolic resins; nanocomposites; octa(aminophenyl)-T8-POSS; SEM; TEM; WAXD; X-EDS; DMA ID VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES; THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; EPOXY NETWORKS; COPOLYMERS; OCTA(AMINOPHENYL)SILSESQUIOXANE; CRYSTALLIZATION; STYRYL; RESIN AB Octa(aminophenyl)-T-8-polyhedral silsesquioxane, 1, can serve as a cross-linking agent for organic polymeric resins. Amino functional groups of 1 can form chemical bonds or hydrogen-bonds to appropriate matrix polymers or resins. Various resole phenolic resin/1 nanocomposites (0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 wt% 1) were prepared. Hydrogen bonding between phenolic hydroxyls and the amino groups of 1 in these nanocomposites were investigated by FT-IR. The aggregation morphologies of 1 within these samples were examined using SEM, TEM, and Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) studies. Small quasispherical nanometer-sized POSS particles which were further aggregated into clusters, like individual grapes in a bunch, formed into phase-separated domains as large as 400 nm in diameter as the loading of 1 increased. These particles exhibited a broad 2 theta = 5.8 degrees WAXD peak indicating the presence of some crystalline order within the nanoparticles of 1 making up the aggregates. This corresponds to an average crystalline plane lattice distance of 17.5 angstrom. However, extraction of the finely powdered nanocomposites by refluxing THF failed to remove 1 indicating the vast majority of 1 must be chemically bound. Thus, the aggregates must have resin within their structure. The storage modulus (E') in both the glassy and rubbery regions, thermal stability, and glass transition temperature of the composites were improved by 1 wt% 1. However, at high loadings of 1, these properties gradually decreased. Surface extractions by THF removed only a portion of the 1 in the surface regions based on X-EDS analyses for Si, suggesting that a portion of 1 might chemically bond into the phenolic resin matrix during the cure. As the loading of 1 increased, the content of 1 at specific surface locations gradually tends to increase and confirmed excellent dispersion of 1 in the micron size-scale at all locations. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pittman, CU (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM CPittman@msstate.edu NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1443 J9 J INORG ORGANOMET P JI J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s10904-006-9074-3 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 153SZ UT WOS:000245456800014 ER PT J AU Lapovok, R McKenzie, PWJ Thomson, PF Semiatin, SL AF Lapovok, R. McKenzie, P. W. J. Thomson, P. F. Semiatin, S. L. TI Processing and properties of ultrafine-grain aluminum alloy 5005 sheet SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nanomaterisls - Materials and Processing for Functional Applications held at the 2006 TMS Spring Meeting CY MAR 13-16, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP TMS ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; SHEAR AB The potential of ECAP sheet machine build in Monash University to refine the grain size, enhance mechanical properties, and improve deep drawability of the sheet was investigated for a representative aluminum alloy, AA5005. The annealed sheet was subjected to one, two, or four ECAP passes through 90 degrees using route A or route C followed by annealing at 400 degrees C for 15 min. It was established that only one ECAP pass is required to obtain a significant improvement in both normal and planar anisotropy. A subsequent annealing enabled the recovery of ductility of the material lost during ECAP while maintaining the improved plastic anisotropy. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. USAF, MLLM, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lapovok, R (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM rimma.lapovok@spme.monash.edu.au RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 8 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1649 EP 1659 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0967-x PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 142WZ UT WOS:000244683100027 ER PT J AU Chroneos, A Ashley, NJ Desai, KH Maguire, JF Grimes, RW AF Chroneos, Alexander Ashley, Nicholas J. Desai, Kaajal H. Maguire, John F. Grimes, R. W. TI Optimized hydrogen positions for aluminium and iron containing hydroxide minerals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; ENERGY-MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES; DELTA-ALOOH; AKAGANEITE; BERNALITE; DIASPORE; AL(OH)3; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; MOSSBAUER AB The structures of a number of hydroxide and oxyhydroxide minerals have previously been reported without the hydrogen positions explicitly defined. Here we use two atomic scale computer simulation techniques, one based on classical ionic potentials, the other on density functional theory (DFT), to predict these positions. The aim is not only to provide data that can be used as the basis for future experimental structure optimizations but also model parameters that can be used to predict complex hydroxide structures. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated through the comparison of predicted and experimental data for minerals whose hydrogen positions are known. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Microelect, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLMR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grimes, RW (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. EM r.grimes@ic.ac.uk OI Chroneos, Alex/0000-0002-2558-495X NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2024 EP 2029 DI 10.1007/s10853-006-0816-y PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 145UA UT WOS:000244889600019 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F AF Szmulowicz, Frank TI Explicit solutions for the band edges of multi-layer photonic crystals with integer ratios of optical path lengths SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE photonic crystal; photonic band structure; multi-layer; explicit solution; tangent formulation ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; ALGORITHM; DEFECT; MEDIA AB The tangent formulation for photonic bandgap materials is used to derive explicit expressions for the energy eigenvalues at the centre and the edge of the Brillouin zone of multi-layer photonic bandgap materials with integer ratios of optical path lengths (e.g. any combination of quarter-wave, half-wave, etc., stacks). Unlike the transfer matrix formalism - in which such solutions are implicit functions of photon energy and require a root search - here, all the eigenfrequencies and wave amplitudes are found through a single diagonalization of a Hermitian eigenvalue problem. By reformulating the general nonlinear problem as an algebraic eigenvalue problem, the present solution replaces the search for resonance frequencies with a single eigenproblem, which considerably reduces the computational cost and provides a more accurate solution and a better insight for structure resonances. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Ave, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Frank.Szmulowicz@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 9 IS 3 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1088/1464-4258/9/3/013 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 153KW UT WOS:000245434300013 ER PT J AU Schultz, CM DiGeronimo, RJ Yoder, BA AF Schultz, Cynthia M. DiGeronimo, Robert J. Yoder, Bradley A. TI Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a simplified postnatal predictor of outcome SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Article DE congenital diaphragmatic hernia; outcome ID EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION; SURVIVAL RATE; LUNG-VOLUME; EXPERIENCE; INFANTS; HYPOPLASIA; CDH AB Background/Purpose: The incidence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) approximates I in 3000 births, with mortality rates up to 50%. The ability to accurately and easily predict the outcomes of these infants could be a valuable management tool. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a simplified clinical method for predicting survival outcomes in infants born with CDH. Methods: The Wilford Hall/Santa Rosa clinical prediction formula (WHSRPF =highest PaO2-highest PCO2) was generated from arterial blood gas values obtained during the initial 24 hours of life, but before surgical repair or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, in a local group of infants with CDH identified by prospective and retrospective review. The WHSRPF was validated using a comparative group from the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group (CHDSG). Bivariate, multivariable, and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) analysis was performed using SigmaStat and SPSS statistical programs (SPSS, Chicago, 111). Results: As initially developed from the local data, the WHSRPF had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 82%, a negative predictive value of 88% and AUC of 0.87. When validated against the CDHSG data, the positive predictive value was 83%, negative predictive value was 66%, and AUC 0.79. Area under the receiver operating curve analysis by the previously published CDHSG predictive equation was 0.76. Conclusion: This novel formula is an easy to apply clinical tool with similar or better predictive abilities compared to previous methods of predicting survival in infants born with CDH. Currently, no method appears to have sufficient clinical accuracy for predicting the outcome of an individual infant with CDH. Further studies are indicated. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Med Ctr, Div Neonatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Pediat Med Grp, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Schultz, CM (reprint author), USAF Med Ctr, Div Neonatol, Wilford Hall,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 24 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 510 EP 516 DI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.10.043 PG 7 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 147KW UT WOS:000245002900011 PM 17336189 ER PT J AU Davis, DW Chehroudi, B AF Davis, Dustin W. Chehroudi, Bruce TI Measurements in an acoustically driven coaxial jet under sub-, near-, and supercritical conditions SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID LARGE-VELOCITY-RATIO; LIQUID JET; ATOMIZATION; DENSITY AB An experimental investigation was conducted on a coaxial jet, similar to those used in cryogenic liquid rockets, under sub-, near-, and supercritical pressures, with the intent of gaining a better understanding of an aspect of combustion instability pertaining to interactions of an externally imposed acoustic field with the jet. Past research on this subject has shown both the relevance and importance of geometrical changes in an injector's exit-area and its nearby physical and fluid mechanical processes. Special attention is paid in collecting spatially resolved time averaged temperatures and documenting the aforementioned interactions at the exit of this injector. Short-duration and high-speed framing digital images provided information on the behavior of this jet under various conditions. Mean and root mean square values of the "dark-core" length fluctuations were measured from the acquired images via a computer-automated method, and results are discussed. There appears to be a good correlation between this length and the outer-to-inner-jet momentum ratio, but the form of this dependence was found to be different at subcritical pressures than the rest of the conditions. The root mean square values of the dark-core length fluctuations suggested a possible explanation for the observed improvement in instability limit at increasingly higher outer-to-inner-jet velocity ratios. C1 ERC Inc, AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Davis, DW (reprint author), Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, 1 Res Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM ChehroudiB@aol.com NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 23 IS 2 BP 364 EP 374 DI 10.2514/1.19340 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 147DN UT WOS:000244983700013 ER PT J AU Bolender, MA Doman, DB AF Bolender, Michael A. Doman, David B. TI Nonlinear longitudinal dynamical model of an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY SEP 15-18, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP AIAA ID FLIGHT AB A nonlinear, physics-based model of the longitudinal dynamics for an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle is developed. The model is derived from first principles and captures a number of complex interactions between the propulsion system, aerodynamics, and structural dynamics. Unlike conventional aircraft, air-breathing hypersonic vehicles require that the propulsion system be highly integrated into the airframe. Furthermore, full-scale hypersonic aircraft tend to have very lightweight, flexible structures that have low natural frequencies. Therefore, the first bending mode of the fuselage is important, as its,deflection affects the amount of airflow entering the engine, thus influencing the performance of the propulsion system. The equations of motion for the flexible aircraft are derived using Lagrange's equations. The equations of motion capture inertial coupling effects between the pitch and normal accelerations of the aircraft and the structural dynamics. The linearized aircraft dynamics are found to be unstable and, in most cases, exhibit nonminimum phase behavior. The linearized model also indicates that there is an aeroelastic mode that has a natural frequency more than twice the frequency of the fuselage bending mode, and the short-period mode is very strongly coupled with the bending mode of the fuselage. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bolender, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 221 Z9 288 U1 10 U2 68 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 374 EP 387 DI 10.2514/1.23370 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 155WW UT WOS:000245610300010 ER PT J AU Stutler, SA Johnson, EW Still, KR Schaeffer, DJ Hess, RA Arfsten, DP AF Stutler, Shannon A. Johnson, Eric W. Still, Kenneth R. Schaeffer, David J. Hess, Rex A. Arfsten, Darryl P. TI Effect of method of euthanasia on sperm motility of mature sprague-dawley rats SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; EPIDIDYMAL SPERM; INHALATIONAL ANESTHETICS; ALPHA-CHLOROHYDRIN; STRESS; SYSTEM; SEMEN; SPERMATOGENESIS; HALOTHANE; CHEMICALS AB Euthanasia is one of the most commonly performed procedures in laboratory animal settings. The method of euthanasia may affect experimental results in studies using animals and must be compatible with research objectives including subsequent tissue analyses. Our present study was performed to evaluate the effects of 7 euthanasia methods on sperm motility in mature rats. Rats were euthanized using CO2, 2 commercially available euthanasia solutions (Beuthanasia-D and Sleepaway), and 4 volatile anesthetics (enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane). Rats euthanized by rapid decapitation alone served as negative controls, and a-chlorohydrin-treated rats euthanized by rapid decapitation were positive controls for sperm impairment. For 5 of these methods, we also measured time to ataxia, recumbency, respiratory arrest, and no auscultable heartbeat. Immediately after euthanasia of each rat, distal caudal epididymides were removed; 1 was processed for automated sperm motility analysis, and the other was frozen for subsequent concentration analysis. Time to all measured parameters was less for volatile anesthetics than for Beuthanasia-D. Times to last respiration and no heartbeat were less for halothane and isoflurane than for enflurane and sevoflurane. Percentage motile sperm did not differ significantly between methods. Percentage progressively motile sperm did not vary significantly between methods except for Beuthanasia-D, for which it was significantly less than the negative control value. Specific sperm motion parameters for each euthanasia method except CO, and Sleepaway varied significantly from the negative control. Our results indicate that the method of euthanasia is an important consideration when rat sperm motility parameters must be evaluated. C1 Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Vivarium Support Funct, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Arfsten, DP (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Darryl.Arfsten@med.navy.mil NR 67 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 151XU UT WOS:000245325200002 PM 17343347 ER PT J AU Cespedes, RD AF Cespedes, R. Duane TI Safety and tolerability of sedation-free flexible, cystoscopy for intradetrusor botulinum toxin-A injection - Editorial comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 177 IS 3 BP 1010 EP 1010 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2006.10.122 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 136GW UT WOS:000244211600050 ER PT J AU Cahay, M Garre, K Fraser, JW Lockwood, DJ Semet, V Binh, VT Bandyopadhyay, S Pramanik, S Kanchibotla, B Fairchild, S Grazulis, L AF Cahay, M. Garre, K. Fraser, J. W. Lockwood, D. J. Semet, V. Binh, Vu Thien Bandyopadhyay, S. Pramanik, S. Kanchibotla, B. Fairchild, S. Grazulis, L. TI Characterization and field emission properties of lanthanum monosulfide nanoprotrusion arrays obtained by pulsed laser deposition on self-assembled nanoporous alumina templates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 17-20, 2006 CL Guilin, PEOPLES R CHINA SP AVS, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE, Minist Educ China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Sun Yatsen Univ ID THIN-FILMS; NANOWIRES; CATHODES AB Three distinct types of nanostructures-nanodomes, nanodots, and nanowires-have been simultaneously self-assembled by pulsed laser deposition of lanthanum monosulfide on anodic alumina films containing hexagonal arrays of pores about 50 nm wide and 500 nm deep. The nanostructures have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Nanodomes preferentially grow on the boundary separating regions (grains) of the alumina template that have near perfect pore ordering, and their density is similar to 10(9)/cm(2). The diameter of a nanodome at the base is about 100 nm and their aspect ratio (height/diameter at the base) is between I and 3. Additionally, nanodots nucleate on top of the alumina walls that separate adjacent pores. They have a diameter of similar to 50 nm, a density equal to the pore density (10(10)/cm(2)), and an aspect ratio less than 1. Finally, cross sectional FE-SEM images of the templates indicate that LaS nanowires grow inside the pores with a density of 10(10)/cm(2). They have a diameter of 50 nm and a maximum length equal to the length of the pores (similar to 500 nm). The field emission properties of the LaS nanodomes and nanodots have been analyzed via the scanning anode field emission microscopy technique (SAFEM). For a fixed SAFEM probe to cathode distance, the applied voltage necessary to extract the same FE current is found to be similar to 3.5 times less for a LaS thin film deposited on alumina templates compared to the value recorded for LaS thin films deposited on Silicon substrates. Assuming a LaS work function of similar to 1 eV (as recorded for LaS thin films grown on silicon substrates), a field enhancement factor of similar to 5.8 is extracted for the nanoscale emitters from Fowler-Nordheim plots of the FE data. The field enhancement effect accrues from the concentration of electric field lines at the tip of the nanodome and nanodot emitters. The value of 5.8 can be correlated to an aspect ratio of 2.7 for the dominant emitter, which is in good agreement with the aspect ratio of the tallest nanodomes observed in AFM measurements. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, LPMCN, Equipe Emiss Elect, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Cahay, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM marc.cahay@uc.edu RI Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo/A-2291-2008 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 25 IS 2 BP 594 EP 603 DI 10.1116/1.27.9898 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 161VT UT WOS:000246045300059 ER PT J AU Garrett, ZK Strauss, BL Kendall, BS AF Garrett, Z. K. Strauss, B. L. Kendall, B. S. TI Estimation of nuclear area in atypical squamous cells of thinprep pap tests SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 SU 1 MA 301 BP 70A EP 70A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 146LG UT WOS:000244935300302 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, R Fadare, O AF Rodriguez, R. Fadare, O. TI Patients diagnosed with ASC-US followed by a negative reflex test for high-risk HPV types: Comparative longitudinal cytologic follow-up in routine practice SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 SU 1 MA 352 BP 81A EP 81A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 146LG UT WOS:000244935300353 ER PT J AU Cardoza-Favarato, G Fadare, O AF Cardoza-Favarato, G. Fadare, O. TI High grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2 & 3) excised with negative margins by loop electrosurgical excision procedure: The significance of grade 1 CIN at the margins of excision SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 SU 1 MA 870 BP 191A EP 191A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 146LG UT WOS:000244935301293 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Desrosiers, L Xiao, F Wang, SA AF Fadare, O. Desrosiers, L. Xiao, F. Wang, S. A. TI Cervical involvement by non-myoinvasive [Otherwise FIGO stage 1A] uterine endometrioid carcinoma: Incidence and prognostic significance SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Univ Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 SU 1 MA 896 BP 197A EP 197A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 146LG UT WOS:000244935301319 ER PT J AU Selby, DM Shaw, JC Zahn, CM Kendall, B AF Selby, D. M. Shaw, J. C. Zahn, C. M. Kendall, B. TI Comparison of kurman-norris and EIN classification systems for predicting myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 SU 1 MA 977 BP 213A EP 214A PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 146LG UT WOS:000244935301400 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, R Fadare, O AF Rodriguez, R. Fadare, O. TI Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of a 6-level step sectioning model in the routine examination of cervical biopsies: A study of 600 consecutive biopsies SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 87 SU 1 MA 1576 BP 342A EP 342A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 146LG UT WOS:000244935302412 ER PT J AU Sardar, DK Swanland, GY Yow, RM Thomas, RJ Tsin, ATC AF Sardar, Dhiraj K. Swanland, Guang-Yin Yow, Raylon M. Thomas, Robert J. Tsin, Andrew T. C. TI Optical properties of ocular tissues in the near infrared region SO LASERS IN MEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE human ocular tissues; bovine ocular tissues; optical properties; infrared laser wavelengths ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; FUNDUS; RETINA; MEDIA AB Near infrared characterization of optical properties of aqueous humor and vitreous humor of healthy human and bovine eyes has been performed. The indices of refraction (n) of these ocular tissues were determined using a Michelson interferometer. The total diffuse reflection (Rd) and total transmission (T-t) measurements had been taken for individual ocular tissue by using a double-integrating sphere setup and infrared laser diodes. The inverse adding doubling (IAD) computational method based on the diffusion approximation and radiative transport theory was applied to the measured values of n, R-d, and T-t to calculate the optical absorption and scattering coefficients of the human and bovine ocular tissues. The scattering anisotropy value was determined by iteratively running the IAD method program and a Monte Carlo simulation of light-tissue interaction until the minimum difference in experimental and computed value for T-t was realized. A comparison between the optical characterization of human and bovine ocular samples was also made. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Sardar, DK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM dsardar@utsa.edu NR 20 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0268-8921 J9 LASER MED SCI JI Lasers Med. Sci. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s10103-006-0421-y PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Surgery SC Engineering; Surgery GA 154ZQ UT WOS:000245547700010 PM 17143656 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA AF Viggiano, Albert A. TI Editorial: Mass spectrometry in the atmosphere and beyond SO MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Res Lab, VSBP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBP, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0277-7037 J9 MASS SPECTROM REV JI Mass Spectrom. Rev. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 141 EP 141 DI 10.1002/mas.20121 PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 138GV UT WOS:000244352000001 ER PT J AU Krokhmal, PA Grundel, DA Pardalos, PM AF Krokhmal, Pavlo A. Grundel, Don A. Pardalos, Panos M. TI Asymptotic behavior of the expected optimal value of the multidimensional assignment problem SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE multidimensional assignment problem; random assignment problem; expected optimal value; asymptotical analysis; convergence bounds ID 3-INDEX ASSIGNMENT; LIMIT AB The Multidimensional Assignment Problem (MAP) is a higher-dimensional version of the Linear Assignment Problem that arises in the areas of data association, target tracking, resource allocation, etc. This paper elucidates the question of asymptotical behavior of the expected optimal value of the large-scale MAP whose assignment costs are independent identically distributed random variables with a prescribed probability distribution. We demonstrate that for a broad class of continuous distributions the limiting value of the expected optimal cost of the MAP is determined by the location of the left endpoint of the support set of the distribution, and construct asymptotical bounds for the expected optimal cost. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Krokhmal, PA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM krokhmal@engineering.uiowa.edu; don.grundel@eglin.af.mil; pardalos@ufl.edu RI Pardalos, Panos/D-3645-2009 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-5610 EI 1436-4646 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 109 IS 2-3 BP 525 EP 551 DI 10.1007/s10107-006-0036-x PG 27 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 131YK UT WOS:000243908500014 ER PT J AU Ly, JQ Beall, DP Sanders, TG Folio, L AF Ly, Justin Q. Beall, Douglas P. Sanders, Timothy G. Folio, Les TI Answer to last month's radiology case and image: Echinococcosis of the liver SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Clin Radiol Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. RP Ly, JQ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 172 IS 3 BP VI EP VII PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 146BH UT WOS:000244909000023 PM 17436784 ER PT J AU Schmelz, JO Bridges, EJ Wallace, MB Sanders, SF Shaw, T Kester, N Bauer, S Sylvester, JC AF Schmelz, Joseph O. Bridges, Elizabeth J. Wallace, Marlene B. Sanders, Scott F. Shaw, Timothy Kester, Nurani Bauer, Steve Sylvester, James C. TI Comparison of three strategies for preventing hypothermia in critically injured casualties during aeromedical evacuation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 110th Annual Association-of-Military-Surgeons-of-the-United-States Meeting CY NOV 15, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP Assoc Military Surg United States ID PERIOPERATIVE NORMOTHERMIA; MILD HYPOTHERMIA; TRAUMA; RESUSCITATION; EXPERIENCE; INCREASES; COMBAT AB Critically injured patients are at risk for hypothermia. This study determined the efficacy of three hypothermia prevention strategies: the ChillBuster warming blanket, ChillBuster with a reflective blanket, and two wool blankets. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare changes in core temperature. Following resuscitation from hypovolemic shock, 20 swine were assigned to one of the three interventions, placed in an environmental chamber set to reproduce in-flight conditions onboard a military cargo aircraft (50 degrees F/airspeed 0.2 m/s), and monitored for 6 hours. A repeated measures analysis of variance and least-squared difference post hoc were performed. The ChillBuster/reflective blanket group was significantly warmer than the ChillBuster only group and the wool blanket group (p < 0.01). After 6 hours of cold exposure, the ChillBuster/reflective blanket group remained warm while the ChillBuster only and wool blanket groups developed mild by pothermia. Combined use of a warming blanket and reflective blanket was effective in preventing hypothermia over 6 hours and is feasible in a deployed military environment. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USA, Grad Program Anesthesia Nursing, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. AFMESA, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Schmelz, JO (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59th Clin Res Squadron,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 172 IS 3 BP 322 EP 326 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 146BH UT WOS:000244909000019 PM 17436780 ER PT J AU McAvin, JC Powers, MD Blow, JA Putnam, JL Huff, WB Swaby, JA AF McAvin, James C. Powers, Michael D. Blow, Jamie A. Putnam, John L. Huff, William B. Swaby, James A. TI Deployable, field-sustainable, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays for rapid screening and serotype identification of dengue virus in mosquitoes SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MALE AEDES-AEGYPTI; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ARMORED RNA; REAL-TIME; PCR; INFECTION; SYSTEM; AMPLIFICATION; ALBOPICTUS; CULICIDAE AB Dengue virus universal and serotype 1 to 4 fluorogenic probe hydrolysis, reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and positive-control RNA template were freeze-dried in a thermally stable, hydrolytic enzyme-resistant format and deployed for testing in a dengue fever-endemic region of Thailand. The study site presented austere testing conditions. Field-collected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes spiked with inoculated A. aegypti mosquitoes and individual and pooled, field-collected, A. aegypti, A. albopictus, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes were used for RT-PCR assay evaluations. For dengue virus-inoculated A. aegypti mosquitoes and spiked samples, in vitro sensitivity and specificity results for all five assays were concordant with indirect fluorescent antibody assay results. A single pool of field-collected, female, A. aegypti mosquitoes was identified as dengue virus positive. Cross-reactivity was not observed across heterologous serotypes, mosquito vectors, or human DNA. The limit of detection was >7 to <= 70 genomic equivalents. Sample processing and analysis required <2 hours. These results show promise of field-formatted RT-PCR reagents for rapid, sensitive, specific dengue virus screening and serotype identification in mosquitoes under field-deployed conditions. C1 USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. Idaho Technol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. USA, Div Virol, Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP McAvin, JC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 172 IS 3 BP 329 EP 334 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 146BH UT WOS:000244909000021 PM 17436782 ER PT J AU Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD Rao, SI Woodward, C Parthasarathy, TA AF Dimiduk, D. M. Uchic, M. D. Rao, S. I. Woodward, C. Parthasarathy, T. A. TI Overview of experiments on microcrystal plasticity in FCC-derivative materials: selected challenges for modelling and simulation of plasticity SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; L1(2) ORDERED ALLOYS; DISLOCATION DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; CONTINUUM PLASTICITY; VIEWPOINT SET; DEFORMATION AB An important frontier in both metallurgy and mechanics is the development of a modelling framework that accurately represents length-scale effects and dislocation structure. Emerging mechanics formulations incorporate a length scale tied to distortion gradients aimed at modelling the effects from geometrically necessary dislocations (GND). However, recent experimental studies show important intrinsic size effects exist separately from an evolving GND structure at a mesoscopic scale. The present studies probed for intrinsic size effects at this scale using experimental methods that more closely approach the size scales accessible via discrete dislocation simulation (DDS) in 3d. Uniaxial compression tests of single crystals of pure Ni, Ni3Al alloys, Ni superalloys and fine grained polycrystalline Ni showed material-unique size-dependent responses. Notable among these are a range of strengths and clear intermittency of flow that reveals self-organization. Mechanistically self-consistent simulation of such results, by either discrete dislocation or continuum methods, stands as an unsolved challenge for emerging materials modelling approaches. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Dimiduk, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 45 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/15/2/009 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 158XJ UT WOS:000245828400009 ER PT J AU Garrett, ZK Strauss, BL Kendall, BS AF Garrett, Z. K. Strauss, B. L. Kendall, B. S. TI Estimation of nuclear area in atypical squamous cells of ThinPrep pap tests SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Willard Hall, Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 SU 2 MA 301 BP 70A EP 70A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 146GL UT WOS:000244922400302 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, R Fadare, O AF Rodriguez, R. Fadare, O. TI Patients diagnosed with ASC-US followed by a negative reflex test for high-risk HPV types: Comparative longitudinal cytologic follow-up in routine practice SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 SU 2 MA 352 BP 81A EP 81A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 146GL UT WOS:000244922400353 ER PT J AU Cardoza-Favarato, G Fadare, O AF Cardoza-Favarato, G. Fadare, O. TI High grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2 & 3) excised with negative margins by loop electrosurgical excision procedure: The significance of grade 1 CIN at the margins of excision SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 SU 2 MA 870 BP 191A EP 191A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 146GL UT WOS:000244922401293 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Desrosiers, L Xiao, F Wang, SA AF Fadare, O. Desrosiers, L. Xiao, F. Wang, S. A. TI Cervical involvement by non-myoinvasive [Otherwise FIGO stage 1A] uterine endometrioid carcinoma: Incidence and prognostic significance SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 SU 2 MA 896 BP 197A EP 197A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 146GL UT WOS:000244922401319 ER PT J AU Selby, DM Shaw, JC Zahn, CM Kendall, B AF Selby, D. M. Shaw, J. C. Zahn, C. M. Kendall, B. TI Comparison of Kurman-Norris and EIN classification systems for predicting myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 SU 2 MA 977 BP 213A EP 214A PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 146GL UT WOS:000244922401400 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, R Fadare, O AF Rodriguez, R. Fadare, O. TI Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of a 6-level step sectioning model in the routine examination of cervical biopsies: A study of 600 consecutive biopsies SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 96th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 24-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 20 SU 2 MA 1576 BP 342A EP 342A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 146GL UT WOS:000244922402411 ER PT J AU Gumbs, G Huang, DH AF Gumbs, Godfrey Huang, Danhong TI Electronically modulated two-dimensional plasmons coupled to surface plasmon modes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INFRARED TRANSMISSION SPECTRA; LATERALLY CONFINED 2D-PLASMA; QUANTUM-WELL; ENERGY-LOSS; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; SLOW-ELECTRONS; METAL-SURFACES; LIGHT-EMISSION; ABSORPTION; AMPLIFICATION AB We present a calculation for a two-dimensional (2D) electron gas layer interacting with a slab of conductive material. We treat the plasmons in the slab in the local limit and obtain the frequency of the coupled mode corresponding to the extended 2D plasmon interacting with the background plasmons in the presence of a conducting surface. The dispersion equation of a double quantum well is obtained and we show how the split symmetric and antisymmetric modes are formed and modified by the localized surface plasmon. For a single layer, we show that when a one-dimensional (1D) periodic electrostatic potential is applied to the surface, each of the symmetric and antisymmetric modes will be further split by the interaction with the 1D modulation, leading to folding of plasmon dispersion curves for different modes. For double layers, we show that the coupled 2D and surface plasmons may result in radiated energy. Our analysis is based on a calculation of the surface response function obtained using a transfer-matrix method. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10021 USA. USAF, Res Lab, VSSS, AFRL, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Gumbs, G (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 11 AR 115314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.115314 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 151ZK UT WOS:000245329600081 ER PT J AU Keating, B Vahala, G Yepez, J Soe, M Vahala, L AF Keating, Brian Vahala, George Yepez, Jeffrey Soe, Min Vahala, Linda TI Entropic lattice Boltzmann representations required to recover Navier-Stokes flows SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MODELS AB There are two disparate formulations of the entropic lattice Boltzmann scheme: one of these theories revolves around the analog of the discrete Boltzmann H function of standard extensive statistical mechanics, while the other revolves around the nonextensive Tsallis entropy. It is shown here that it is the nonenforcement of the pressure tensor moment constraints that lead to extremizations of entropy resulting in Tsallis-like forms. However, with the imposition of the pressure tensor moment constraint, as is fundamentally necessary for the recovery of the Navier-Stokes equations, it is proved that the entropy function must be of the discrete Boltzmann form. Three-dimensional simulations are performed which illustrate some of the differences between standard lattice Boltzmann and entropic lattice Boltzmann schemes, as well as the role played by the number of phase-space velocities used in the discretization. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Hanscom AFB, MA 02139 USA. Rogers State Univ, Dept Math & Sci, Claremore, OK 74017 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Keating, B (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 AR 036712 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.036712 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 151XP UT WOS:000245324700085 PM 17500831 ER PT J AU Siefert, NS AF Siefert, Nicholas S. TI Shock velocity in weakly ionized nitrogen, air, and argon SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION; PLASMAS AB The goal of this research was to determine the principal mechanism(s) for the shock velocity increase in weakly ionized gases. This paper reports experimental data on the propagation of spark-generated shock waves (1 < Mach < 3) into weakly ionized nitrogen, air, and argon glow discharges (1 < p < 20 Torr). In order to distinguish between effects due solely to the presence of electrons and effects due to heating of the background gas via elastic collisions with electrons, the weakly ionized discharge was pulsed on/off. Laser deflection methods determined the shock velocity, and the electron number density was collected using a microwave hairpin resonator. In the afterglow of nitrogen, air, and argon discharges, the shock velocity first decreased, not at the characteristic time for electrons to diffuse to the walls, but rather at the characteristic time for the centerline gas temperature to equilibrate with the wall temperature. These data support the conclusion that the principal mechanism for the increase in shock velocity in weakly ionized gases is thermal heating of the neutral gas species via elastic collisions with electrons. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Siefert, NS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nsiefert@mit.edu NR 16 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 3 AR 036102 DI 10.1063/1.2716803 PG 7 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 151VI UT WOS:000245318500023 ER PT J AU Sochava, LS Basun, SA Bursian, VE Vikhnin, VS Razdobarin, AG Evans, DR Kapphan, SE AF Sochava, L. S. Basun, S. A. Bursian, V. E. Vikhnin, V. S. Razdobarin, A. G. Evans, D. R. Kapphan, S. E. TI Low-symmetry paramagnetic center in a KTaO3 : Ni crystal SO PHYSICS OF THE SOLID STATE LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL ALIGNMENT; FE3+ AB A new paramagnetic center of orthorhombic symmetry with spin S = 1/2 is revealed in KTaO3: Ni crystals. The well-resolved superhyperfine EPR structure consisting of 15 components indicates preferred interaction of the center with two tantalum nuclei (Ta-181, I = 7/2). This center does not decay and its orientation remains unchanged up to room temperature. Possible models of the center are discussed. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Ioffo Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Osnabruck, FB Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. RP Sochava, LS (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Ioffo Physicotech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya Ul 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM Lev.Sochava@mail.ioffe.ru NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7834 J9 PHYS SOLID STATE+ JI Phys. Solid State PD MAR PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 460 EP 462 DI 10.1134/S1063783407030110 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 150KP UT WOS:000245216000011 ER PT J AU Garb, HN AF Garb, Howard N. TI Computer-administered interviews and rating scales SO PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review DE interview; rating scale; computer assessment; clinical judgment; personality assessment ID INTERNATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE-DISORDER; SUICIDE-RISK PREDICTION; CLINICAL-ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOTHERAPY EVALUATION; PERSONALITY-DISORDERS; ASSESSMENT SYSTEM; PSYCHIATRIC-INPATIENTS; RESEARCH CASPER; PSYCHOLOGICAL-ASSESSMENT AB To evaluate the value of computer-administered interviews and rating scales, the following topics are reviewed in the present article: (a) strengths and weaknesses of structured and unstructured assessment instruments, (b) advantages and disadvantages of computer administration, and (c) the validity and utility of computer-administered inter-views and rating scales. Computer-administered evaluations are more comprehensive and reliable and less biased than evaluations routinely conducted in clinical practice. Also, the use of continuous monitoring systems, which increasingly entail the use of computer administration, has been related to improved treatment outcome. However, the use of computer-administered interviews and rating scales will sometimes lead to false positive diagnoses, and for this reason, it is recommended that computer assessment be combined with clinical judgment. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDOS, MMCPR, Psychol Res Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Garb, HN (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MDOS, MMCPR, Psychol Res Serv, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM howard.garb@lackland.af.mil NR 113 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 8 U2 13 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1040-3590 J9 PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT JI Psychol. Assess. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 4 EP 13 DI 10.1037/1040-3590.19.1.4 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 144OR UT WOS:000244806200002 PM 17371119 ER PT J AU Allan, PF Naworol, G AF Allan, Patrick F. Naworol, Gregory TI Corrective measures for compromised oxygen delivery during endotracheal tube cuff deflation with high-frequency percussive ventilation SO RESPIRATORY CARE LA English DT Article DE percussive ventilation; high-frequency ventilation; endotracheal tube; cuff deflation ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; OSCILLATORY VENTILATION; TRACHEA AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of endotracheal-tube Cuff deflation on airflow and F-IO(2) during high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV), and explore methods of correcting the cuff-deflation-associated decrease in mean airway pressure and F-IO(2) at the Carina. METHODS: Using a mechanical lung model in our respiratory research laboratory, we measured circuit pressure near the connection to the endotracheal tube (P-vent), mean airway pressure ((P) over bar (aw)), pulsatile tidal volume (V-T), and F-IO(2) at the artificial Carina. During cuff deflation we manipulated the pulsatile frequency, pulsatile flow, and the HFPV integral nebulizer. We then assessed 4 methods of correcting the decreased F-IO(2) and airway pressure during cuff deflation: (1) oxygen delivery at the inspiratory fail-safe valve, (2) oxygen delivery at the T-piece between the HFPV and the endotracheal tube, (3) continuous activation of the HFPV's integral nebulizer, and (4) oxygen insufflation into the suction channel of the endotracheal tube. RESULTS: Cuff deflation reduced P-vent, (P) over bar (aw), pulsatile V-T, and F-IO(2). Increasing the pulsatile flow and decreasing the pulsatile frequency further reduced F-IO(2) during cuff deflation. Injecting supplemental oxygen at the inspiratory fail-safe valve provided the best F-IO(2) increase. Injecting oxygen at the T-piece provided the second best F-IO(2) increase. Continuous activation of the integral nebulizer provided the third best F-IO(2) increase. Oxygen insufflation to the suction channel was least effective in correcting the F-IO(2) decrease caused by cuff deflation. CONCLUSION: Cuff-deflation-associated F-IO(2), (P) over bar (aw), and pulsatile VT compromise can be partially corrected by any of the 4 methods we studied. Injecting supplemental oxygen at the inspiratory fail-safe valve is the most effective method. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Resp Therapy, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Allan, PF (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Resp Therapy, 759th MCCP,2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM patrick.allan@lackland.af.mil NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC PI IRVING PA 9425 N MAC ARTHUR BLVD, STE 100, IRVING, TX 75063-4706 USA SN 0020-1324 J9 RESPIR CARE JI Respir. Care PD MAR PY 2007 VL 52 IS 3 BP 271 EP 277 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 146FN UT WOS:000244920000003 PM 17328825 ER PT J AU Russell, JD AF Russell, John D. TI Composites affordability initiative: Successes, failures - Where do we go from here? SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In the mid 1990's, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) recognized that despite the potential of advanced composites to drastically reduce aircraft structural weights compared to conventional metal structures, the aircraft industry was reluctant to implement them in new aircraft. As a result, AFRL launched the Composites Affordability Initiative (CAI) to address these concerns. CAI found that the key to affordability in composites was to reduce assembly costs through the integration of parts and by bonding parts, structural assembly costs could be drastically reduced. As a result, CAI's objective was to establish the confidence to fly large integrated and bonded structures. A partnership between AFRL, the Office of Naval Research, Bell Helicopter, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and Northrop Grumman was established to develop technologies to meet this objective. This initiative required a multidisciplinary approach: maturation of materials and processes, an understanding of the structural behavior of bonded joints, quality assurance and non destructive evaluation to ensure bonded joints remain bonded throughout an aircrafts service life, and the buy off of Department of Defense (DoD) aircraft certification authorities. An assessment will be provided of the technical achievements, technology transition successes and failures, and the program structure and teaming arrangements. In addition, lessons learned from CAI will be provided. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Russell, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 26 EP 36 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 196WS UT WOS:000248514300004 ER PT J AU Parsons, TW Frink, SJ Campbell, SE AF Parsons, Theodore W., III Frink, Spencer J. Campbell, Scot E. TI Musculoskeletal neoplasia: Helping the orthopaedic surgeon establish the diagnosis SO SEMINARS IN MUSCULOSKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE musculoskeletal neoplasia; evaluation and staging of neoplasia; imaging characteristics of musculoskeletal neoplasia ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; PEDIATRIC BONE SARCOMAS; FDG-PET; CHEMOTHERAPY RESPONSE; THERAPY RESPONSE; OSTEOID OSTEOMA; SOFT-TISSUE; TUMORS; METASTASES; LESIONS AB Encountering musculoskeletal neoplasia in the clinical practice of orthopaedic surgery is a rather uncommon event but can be an anxiety-provoking experience when it occurs. Using a systematic approach to imaging these lesions includes evaluation via plain radiographs and other modalities such as bone scintigraphy (BS), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). By applying specific imaging characteristics obtained from these different modalities, the radiologist and orthopaedic surgeon can jointly create an appropriate differential diagnosis. The radiologist plays a key role as part of the diagnostic team, including providing crucial support for biopsy and staging. This article discusses a systematic approach in the evaluation and staging of musculoskeletal neoplasia from the perspective of supporting the orthopaedic surgeon. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. San Antonio Unifromed Serv Hlth Educ Consort, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Oncol Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Parsons, TW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1089-7860 J9 SEMIN MUSCULOSKEL R JI Semin. Musculoskelet. Radiol. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1055/s-2007-984411 PG 13 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 195OS UT WOS:000248422100002 PM 17665346 ER PT J AU Weld, KJ Koziol, S Montiglio, C Sorenson, P Cespedes, RD Bishoff, JT AF Weld, Kyle J. Koziol, Steven Montiglio, Claudio Sorenson, Paul Cespedes, R. Duane Bishoff, Jay T. TI Feasibility of laparoscopic renal cooling with near-freezing saline irrigation delivered with a standard irrigator aspirator SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY; ICE-SLUSH; PARENCHYMAL HYPOTHERMIA; PERFUSION; ISCHEMIA AB OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility of laparoscopic renal cooling with near-freezing saline irrigation in the porcine model delivered using readily available operating room equipment. METHODS Five pigs underwent laparoscopic renal surgery with temperature sensors placed in the medulla and upper, middle, and lower pole renal cortex. After complete occlusion of the renal artery and vein, near-freezing saline was delivered with a standard irrigator/aspirator onto the renal surface. The run-off was simultaneously suctioned as it pooled in the hilum with a second aspirator. The kidney and body temperatures were monitored throughout the I-hour ischemic period and for 10 minutes after unclamping the hilum. RESULTS Continuous irrigation of the kidney with near-freezing saline in the first pig resulted in hypothermic renal (13.8 degrees C) and core body (33.1 degrees C) temperatures. For the subsequent four pigs, irrigation was limited to the first 5 minutes of ischemia to achieve renal cortical and medullary temperatures of less than 20.0 degrees C within 6 and 8 minutes of ischemia, respectively. Subsequently, the kidney was irrigated for 1 minute every 12 to 14 minutes to maintain renal temperatures of less than 20.0 degrees C. The core body temperatures decreased from a mean baseline of 37.0 degrees to 35.4 degrees C using the intermittent irrigation technique. Our early clinical experience with near-freezing saline intermittent irrigation during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with 10 patients showed stable core body temperature and serum creatinine with a mean ischemic time of 48 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Using standard, readily available laparoscopic irrigator/aspirators, renal cooling during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with near-freezing saline creates acceptable renal tissue temperatures for preservation of renal function. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Weld, KJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kyle.weld@lackland.af.mil NR 11 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD MAR PY 2007 VL 69 IS 3 BP 465 EP 468 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2006.12.002 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 155GS UT WOS:000245566500014 PM 17382146 ER PT J AU Dolezal, MW Perram, GP AF Dolezal, Michael W. Perram, Glen P. TI Predissociation of Bi-2 A(0(u)(+)), v '=21-39 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X BAND SYSTEM; ELECTRONIC STATES; COLLISIONAL DYNAMICS; ROTATIONAL ANALYSIS; DIATOMIC BISMUTH; ENERGY-TRANSFER; BI2; FLUORESCENCE; LIFETIMES; CONSTANTS AB Collisionless lifetimes for Bi-2 A(0(u)(+)), v'=20-39, J'<= 105 have been measured using pulsed laser induced fluorescence techniques to investigate the effects of predissociation. The observed predissociation rates, Gamma=k(pd)(v('))J(J+1), are quite rapid, ranging from k(pd)=1.53x10(2) s(-1) for v'=21 to 1.5x10(5) s(-1) for v'=39. The dense Bi-2(A -> X) spectrum required both traditional lifetime measurements and synthetic spectrum fits to laser excitation spectra to determine the full range of observed rates. A single, repulsive potential responsible for the observed A-state predissociation could not be identified to adequately describe the vibrational dependence of the predissociation rates. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2007 VL 126 IS 8 AR 084310 DI 10.1063/1.2567342 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 140TZ UT WOS:000244530900019 PM 17343451 ER PT J AU Metcalf, PA Guha, S Gonzalez, LP Barnes, JO Slamovich, EB Honig, JM AF Metcalf, Patricia A. Guha, Shekhar Gonzalez, Leonel P. Barnes, Jacob O. Slamovich, Elliott B. Honig, Jurgen M. TI Electrical, structural, and optical properties of Cr-doped and non-stoichiometric V2O3 thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE phase transitions; vanadium oxide; optical properties; electrical properties ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; VANADIUM-OXIDES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITION; V2O3(0001); GROWTH; SESQUIOXIDE; TERMINATION; STRAIN AB V2O3 films and Cr-doped V2O3 films were grown on (0001) (C-plane) and (1120) (A-plane) oriented sapphire substrates by the reduction of sol-gel derived vanadium oxide films. Examination by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy showed the films to be comprised of highly oriented grains. Optical transmission and resistivity measurements revealed phase transitions characteristic of the single crystal V2O3 and Cr-doped V2O3. Subsequent anneals of the un-doped films under controlled oxygen atmospheres yielded non-stoichiometric films with metal-insulator transitions characteristic of annealed V2O3 single crystals. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Anteon Corp, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Metcalf, PA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM metcalfp@purdue.edu NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 26 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 7-8 BP 3421 EP 3425 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.10.003 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 144VS UT WOS:000244825100018 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Hong, LG Venkatasubramanian, N Grant, JT Eyink, K Wiacek, K Fries-Carr, S Enlow, J Bunning, TJ AF Jiang, Hao Hong, Lianggou Venkatasubramanian, N. Grant, John T. Eyink, Kurt Wiacek, Kevin Fries-Carr, Sandra Enlow, Jesse Bunning, Timothy J. TI The relationship between chemical structure and dielectric properties of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited polymer thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD); polymer thin films; dielectric properties; structure ID PHOTONIC FILMS; RF PLASMA; BENZENE; COPOLYMERIZATION; MONOMER; GROWTH; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; CONSTANT; CARBON AB Polymer dielectric films fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) have unique properties due to their dense crosslinked bulk structure. These spatially uniform films exhibit good adhesion to a variety of substrates, excellent chemical inertness, high thermal resistance, and are formed from an inexpensive, solvent-free, room temperature process. In this work, we studied the dielectric properties of plasma polymerized (PP) carbon-based polymer thin films prepared from two precursors, benzene and octafluorocyclobutane. Two different monomer feed locations, directly in the plasma zone or in the downstream region (DS) and two different pressures, 80 Pa (high pressure) or 6.7 Pa (low pressure), were used. The chemical structure of the PECVD films was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The dielectric constant (epsilon(r)) and dielectric loss (tan delta) of the films were investigated over a range of frequencies up to 1 MHz and the dielectric strength (breakdown voltage) (F-b) was characterized by the current-voltage method. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was performed to determine the film thickness and refractive index. Good dielectric properties were exhibited, as PP-benzene films formed in the high pressure, DS region showed a F-b of 610 V/mu m, an epsilon(r) of 3.07, and a tan delta of 7.0 x 10(-3) at 1 kHz. The PECVD processing pressure has a significant effect on final film structure and the film's physical density has a strong impact on dielectric breakdown strength. Also noted was that the residual oxygen content in the PP-benzene films significantly affected the frequency dependences of the dielectric constant and loss. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Mat Sci & Tech Applicat, LLC, Dayton, OH 45458 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), Mat Sci & Tech Applicat, LLC, 409 Maple Springs Dr, Dayton, OH 45458 USA. EM hao.jiang@wpafb.af.mil NR 42 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 26 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 7-8 BP 3513 EP 3520 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.10.126 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 144VS UT WOS:000244825100031 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Hu, JJ Voevodin, AA AF Muratore, C. Hu, J. J. Voevodin, A. A. TI Adaptive nanocomposite coatings with a titanium nitride diffusion barrier mask for high-temperature tribological applications SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE adaptive coatings; nanocomposite; titanium nitride; tribology ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; SILVER DIFFUSION; FILMS; GOLD AB Adaptive nanocomposite coatings that demonstrate low friction throughout broad ranges of temperature, wear, humidity and other environments are currently in development. One effective temperature adaptation mechanism at temperatures <= 500 degrees C is diffusion of noble metal to the coating surface, providing a low shear strength interface at the friction contact supported by a hard surface underneath. To prolong the wear lifetime of chameleon coatings relying upon this mechanism for low friction, a coating architecture incorporating a diffusion barrier mask to inhibit noble metal diffusion was employed. The diffusion barrier-capped coating provided lubrication at 500 degrees C over ten times longer than the monolithic yttria-stabilized zirconia-silver-molybdenum coating of the same thickness without failure. Characterization of coatings after heating with surface analysis and microscopy techniques revealed the mechanism for increased coating life, and allowed for measurement of silver self-diffusion parameters in the adaptive nanocomposite material. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, UTC Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, UES Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, UTC Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 22 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 26 PY 2007 VL 515 IS 7-8 BP 3638 EP 3643 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.09.051 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 144VS UT WOS:000244825100053 ER PT J AU Zhu, R Pan, E Roy, AK AF Zhu, R. Pan, E. Roy, A. K. TI Molecular dynamics study of the stress-strain behavior of carbon-nanotube reinforced Epon 862 composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; Epon 862; nanocomposite; molecular dynamics; stress-strain curve ID EPOXY COMPOSITES; POLYMER COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LOAD-TRANSFER; STRENGTH; HYDROCARBONS; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; RESISTANCE AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used to reinforce epoxy Epon 862 matrix. Three periodic systems - a long CNT-reinforced Epon 862 composite, a short CNT-reinforced Epon 862 composite, and the Epon 862 matrix itself - are studied using the molecular dynamics. The stress-strain relations and the elastic Young's moduli along the longitudinal direction (parallel to CNT) are simulated with the results being also compared to those from the rule-of-mixture. Our results show that, with increasing strain in the longitudinal direction, the Young's modulus of CNT increases whilst that of the Epon 862 composite or matrix decreases. Furthermore, a long CNT can greatly improve the Young's modulus of the Epon 862 composite (about 10 times stiffer), which is also consistent with the prediction based on the rule-of-mixture at low strain level. Even a short CNT can also enhance the Young's modulus of the Epon 862 composite, with an increment of 20% being observed as compared to that of the Epon 862 matrix. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 NR 39 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 25 PY 2007 VL 447 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.10.054 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 136FW UT WOS:000244209000007 ER PT J AU Bopp, JC Roscioli, JR Johnson, MA Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Villano, SM Wren, SW Lineberger, WC AF Bopp, Joseph C. Roscioli, Joseph R. Johnson, Mark A. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, A. A. Villano, Stephanie M. Wren, Scott W. Lineberger, W. Carl TI Spectroscopic characterization of the isolated SF6- and C4F8- anions: Observation of very long harmonic progressions in symmetric deformation modes upon photodetachment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; VIBRATIONAL LEVELS; E-SF6 SCATTERING; INFRARED-SPECTRA; CROSS-SECTION; NEGATIVE-IONS; AB-INITIO; MOLECULES; AFFINITY AB Spectroscopic studies of the SF6- and c-C4F8- anions are reported to provide experimental benchmarks for theoretical predictions of their structures and electron binding energies. The photoelectron spectrum of SF6- is dominated by a long progression in the S-F stretching mode, with an envelope consistent with theoretical predictions that the anion preserves the O-h symmetry of the neutral, but has a longer S-F bond length. This main progression occurs with an unexpectedly strong contribution from a second mode, however, whose characteristic energy does not correspond to any of the neutral SF6 fundamental vibrations in its ground electronic state. The resulting doublet pattern is evident when the bare ion is prepared with low internal energy content (i.e., using N-2 carrier gas in a free jet or liquid nitrogen-cooling in a flowing afterglow) but is much better resolved in the spectrum of the SF6-center dot Ar complex. The infrared predissociation spectrum of SF6-center dot Ar consists of a strong band at 683(5) cm(-1), which we assign to the nu(3) (t(1u)) fundamental, the same mode that yields the strong 948 cm(-1) infrared transition in neutral SF6. One qualitatively interesting aspect of the SF6- behavior is the simple structure of its photoelectron spectrum, which displays uncluttered, harmonic bands in an energy region where the neutral molecule contains about 2 eV of vibrational excitation. We explore this effect further in the c-C4F8- anion, which also presents a system that is calculated to undergo large, symmetrical distortion upon electron attachment to the neutral. The photoelectron spectrum of this species is dominated by a long, single vibrational progression, this time involving the symmetric ring-breathing mode. Like the SF6- case, the c-C4F8- spectrum is remarkably isolated and harmonic in spite of the significant internal excitation of a relatively complex molecular framework. Both these perfluorinated anions thus share the property that the symmetrical deformation of the structural backbone upon photodetachment launches very harmonic motion in photoelectron bands that occur far above their respective adiabatic electron affinities. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Lineberger, WC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 56 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 22 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 7 BP 1214 EP 1221 DI 10.1021/jp0665372 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 136LS UT WOS:000244225000008 PM 17266290 ER PT J AU Chang, JR AF Chang, Jer-Rong TI Coupling effect of flexible geared rotor on quick-return mechanism undergoing three-dimensional vibration SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; DYNAMIC ANALYSIS; ROD; STABILITY; LINK AB Regarding the quick-return mechanism, some researchers have neglected the rotor-mechanism coupling effect, and other researchers have combined the quick-return mechanism with the motor but only considered the rotational motion of the rotor by assuming the rotor to be rigid and neglected the gear mesh dynamics. In the study, the rotor-mechanism coupling effect is investigated to find that the dynamic behaviors of the coupled system are different from those uncoupled systems. The coupling effect is mainly due to the flexibility of the shaft, the bearing, and the gear mesh. When the quick-return mechanism is driven with the flexible geared rotor, the vibrations of the geared rotor have significant influences on the dynamic behaviors of the quick-return mechanism. The traditional studies formulated the quick-return mechanism only under the consideration of planar motion. However, the three-dimensional vibration has to be considered for establishing the physical model of the coupled system. The system model is formulated by using finite element method and following Hamiltonian approach. The numerical integration method. is applied to obtain the dynamic response. The coupling effect of the geared rotor on the quick-return mechanism undergoing three-dimensional vibration is discussed by the parameter study. It is shown that the bearing stiffness and damping, the shaft radius and the gear transmission error excitation of the meshing gears have significant influences on the dynamic behavior of the mechanism. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aircraft Engn, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan. RP Chang, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aircraft Engn, 1 Jyulun Rd,Gang Shan Township, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan. EM jerrong.chang@msa.hinet.net NR 23 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD FEB 20 PY 2007 VL 300 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2006.07.046 PG 21 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 126ID UT WOS:000243505700011 ER PT J AU White, TJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Bunning, TJ Guymon, CA AF White, Timothy J. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Bunning, Timothy J. Guymon, C. Allan TI Polymerization kinetics and monomer functionality effects in thiol-ene polymer dispersed liquid crystals SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PHASE-SEPARATION; EXCESS SPECIFIC-HEAT; UV-CURABLE POLYMER; ELECTROOPTICAL PROPERTIES; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MATRIX SYSTEMS; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; COMPOSITES AB Polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) are a class of electrooptic materials most often formed by polymer-induced phase separation, a one-step fabrication technique often based on photopolymerization of the commercial thiol-ene mixture NOA65. To allow further understanding regarding PDLC formation, this work systematically examines processing variables that influence thiol-ene-based PDLC morphology and subsequent performance, namely polymerization kinetics, polymer gel point, and liquid crystal (LC) phase separation. PDLC formulations containing a wide range of thiol and ene monomers were examined as a function of monomer (thiol and ene) functionality, thiol-ene stoichiometry, and ene monomer composition. Simultaneous examination of polymer evolution and LC phase separation by real-time infrared (RTIR) spectroscopy shows that both polymerization kinetics and the gel point of thiol-ene PDLC formulations are influential on the extent of LC phase separation. Increasing monomer functionality (both thiol and ene) reduces LC droplet size in PDLC morphology by reducing the gel point conversion of thiol-ene polymer. In addition to influencing gelation, increasing the functionality or the electron density of ene monomer increases the rate of polymerization which further reduces LC droplet size. The thiol-ene PDLC formulations studied exhibit decreased LC droplet size (from 1 mu m to 300 nm) that correlates directly to polymerization rate and gel point. Electrooptic switching behavior is also dependent on LC droplet size. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52245 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guymon, CA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52245 USA. EM allan-guymon@uiowa.edu RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 41 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 20 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1112 EP 1120 DI 10.1021/ma061828u PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 135NR UT WOS:000244160800048 ER PT J AU White, TJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ Guymon, CA AF White, Timothy J. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Lloyd, Pamela F. Bunning, Timothy J. Guymon, C. Allan TI Monomer functionality effects in the formation of thiol-ene holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ELECTROOPTICAL SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS; PARTIAL MATRIX FLUORINATION; SWITCHABLE BRAGG GRATINGS; MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; TRANSMISSION GRATINGS; VOLUME HOLOGRAMS; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; PDLC; PERFORMANCE; KINETICS AB Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLCs) are a polymer/liquid crystal (LC) composite with wavelength selective diffraction that can be switched in microseconds with electric field. As such, HPDLCs are widely applicable in optical and photonic devices. Recently, replacing acrylate polymer with thiol-ene polymer as host for HPDLCs has improved the stability and electrooptic performance of these materials. This work examines the electrooptic performance and morphology of thiol-ene-based HPDLC reflection gratings. To further understand the relationships between the formation and performance of thiol-ene HPDLCs, electrooptic performance was characterized as a function of polymerization rate, gel point conversion, and the presence of excess monomer (stoichiometry). To this end, HPDLC formulations were examined to isolate the contribution of ene monomer functionality, thiol monomer functionality, and thiol-ene stoichiometry. In all formulations, the performance of HPDLC reflection gratings is correlated to the generation of morphology typified by well-defined polymer/LC lamellae and small LC droplet size. Increasing the rate of polymerization through increasing laser intensity, increasing ene monomer functionality, or thiol-ene stoichiometry improves the diffraction efficiency (DE) of HPDLCs by reducing LC droplet size. Gel point conversion is also critical to producing well-performing HPDLC reflection gratings. HPDLCs based on thiol-ene polymer with gel points from 40 to 60% monomer conversion show optimal optical behavior. This increase in performance is related to the impact of gel point on morphology, as low gel point conversion leads to the formation of small droplets and poorly defined grating structures while high conversion gel points lead to the formation of large LC droplets. Therefore, optimal HPDLC materials are formed with moderate conversion gel points that allow both well-defined grating structure and small droplet formation. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52245 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.Bunning@wpafb.af.mil; allan-guymon@uiowa.edu RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 20 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1121 EP 1127 DI 10.1021/ma061829m PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 135NR UT WOS:000244160800049 ER PT J AU Yeom, S Javidi, B Watson, E AF Yeom, Seokwon Javidi, Bahram Watson, Edward TI Three-dimensional distortion-tolerant object recognition using photon-counting integral imaging SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION; LOW-LIGHT LEVELS; IMAGES; CLASSIFICATION; PHOTODIODES AB This paper addresses three-dimensional distortion-tolerant object recognition using photon-counting integral imaging (II). A photon-counting linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is proposed for classification photon-limited images. In the photon-counting LDA, classical irradiance images are used to train the classifier. The unknown objects used to test the classifier are labeled by the number of photons detected. The optimal solution of the Fisher's LDA for photon-limited images is found to be different from the case when irradiance values are used. This difference results in one of the merits of a photon-counting LDA, namely that the high dimensionality of the image can be handled without preprocessing. Thus, the singularity problem of the Fisher's LDA encountered in the use of irradiance images can be avoided. By using photon-counting II, we build a compact distortion-tolerant recognition system that makes use of the multiple-perspective imaging of II to enhance the recognition performance. Experimental and simulation results are presented to classify out-of-plane rotated objects. The performance is analyzed in terms of mean-squared distance (MSD) between the irradiance images. It is shown that a low level of photons is sufficient in the proposed technique. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yeom, S (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, U-2157, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM Yeom@engr.uconn.edu; Bahram@engr.uconn.edu NR 44 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 19 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1513 EP 1533 DI 10.1364/OE.15.001513 PG 21 WC Optics SC Optics GA 142WV UT WOS:000244682500015 PM 19532384 ER PT J AU Qiang, ZX Zhou, WD Soref, RA AF Qiang, Zexuan Zhou, Weidong Soref, Richard A. TI Optical add-drop filters based on photonic crystal ring resonators SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES; MODES; SILICON; LIGHT; SLABS; SYMMETRY; CAVITY AB We present here an optical add-drop filter ( ADF) design based on ultra-compact photonic crystal ring resonators ( PCRRs). The normalized transmission spectra for single-ring and dual-ring configurations have been investigated by using the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain ( FDTD) technique in a square lattice dielectric-rod photonic-crystal structure. With the introduction of four scatterers at the corners of quasi-square-ring PCRR, high wavelength selectivity and close to 100% drop efficiency can be obtained. Both backward- and forward-dropping were achieved by controlling the coupling efficiency between two PCRR rings for resonant modes with different symmetry. The resonant-mode quality factor Q and the wavelength tunability were also analyzed, opening opportunities for PCRRs as ultra-compact filters, optical add-drop multiplexers, electrooptical N x N switches and electrooptical modulators. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Texas, NanoFAB Ctr, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Qiang, ZX (reprint author), Univ Texas, NanoFAB Ctr, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM wzhou@uta.edu; Richard.Soref@hanscom.af.mil RI Zhou, Weidong/D-1019-2009 NR 23 TC 182 Z9 196 U1 5 U2 55 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 19 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1823 EP 1831 DI 10.1364/OE.15.001823 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 142WV UT WOS:000244682500052 PM 19532421 ER PT J AU Rearden, P Harrington, PB Karnes, JJ Bunker, CE AF Rearden, Preshious Harrington, Peter B. Karnes, John J. Bunker, Christopher E. TI Fuzzy rule-building expert system classification of fuel using solid-phase microextraction two-way gas chromatography differential mobility spectrometric data SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; AVIATION TURBINE FUELS; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; SPILL IDENTIFICATION; GC; SAMPLES; FIELD; SEPARATION; GASOLINE AB Gas chromatography/differential mobility spectrometry (GC/DMS) has been investigated for characterization of fuels. Neat fuel samples were sampled using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed using a micromachined differential mobility spectrometer with a photoionization source interfaced to a gas chromatograph. The coupling of DMS to GC offers an additional order of information in that two-way data are obtained with respect to compensation voltages and retention time. A fuzzy rule-building expert system (FuRES) was used as a multivariate classifier for the two-way gas chromatograms of fuels, including rocket (RP-1, RG-1), diesel, and jet (JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, JP-TS, JetA-3639, Jet A-3688, Jet A-3690, Jet A-3694, and Jet A-generic) fuels. The GC-DMS with SPME was able to produce characteristic profiles of the fuels and a classification rate of 95 +/- 0.3% obtained with a FuRES model. The classification system also had perfect classification for each fuel sample when applied one month later. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harrington, PB (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM peter.harrington@ohio.edu OI Harrington, Peter/0000-0003-0268-8630; Karnes, John/0000-0002-2917-8406 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 4 BP 1485 EP 1491 DI 10.1021/ac060527f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 136EV UT WOS:000244206300026 PM 17297947 ER PT J AU Patnaik, SS Trohalaki, S Naik, RR Stone, MO Pachter, R AF Patnaik, Soumya S. Trohalaki, Steven Naik, Rajesh R. Stone, Morley O. Pachter, Ruth TI Computational study of the absorption spectra of green fluorescent protein mutants SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; time-dependent density functional theory; green fluorescent protein mutants ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; EXCITED-STATE DYNAMICS; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; PROTON-TRANSFER; FORCE-FIELD; WILD-TYPE; CHROMOPHORE; MECHANICS; ENERGY AB In this work, we present a theoretical study of the relationship between molecular structure and the red shift in absorption spectra of S65G and S65T green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutants. To identify the effects of the protein environment, we combined results from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations to obtain structural properties, and applied time-dependent density functional theory to calculate the excitation energies. By using results from the MD simulations, we were able to provide a systematic analysis of the structural details that may effect the red-shift in the absorption spectra when taking into account temperature effects. Furthermore, a detailed study of hydrogen bonding during the MD simulations demonstrated differences between S65G and S65T, for example, regarding hydrogen bonding with Glu222. An analysis of the absorption spectra for different forms of the chromophore emphasized the dominance of the anionic forms in solution for the S65G and S65T GFP mutants. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 63 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 85 IS 3 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1002/bip.20642 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 133AS UT WOS:000243984600007 PM 17206623 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, BV Ehrenreich, T Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Ehrenreich, T. Knize, R. J. TI Narrowband external cavity laser diode array SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR LASER; REDUCTION AB A laser diode array line narrowing using an external cavity with a holographic grating is demonstrated. A linewidth of 11 GHz is obtained at an operating wavelength of 852 nm with an output power of about 10 W. Narrow linewidth high-power diode arrays can be used to pump alkali lasers and to produce spin polarised noble gases. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.af.mil NR 11 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 221 EP 222 DI 10.1049/el:20073302 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 194AY UT WOS:000248317500018 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Elhamri, S Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC AF Szmulowicz, F. Elhamri, S. Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Mitchel, W. C. TI Demonstration of interface-scattering-limited electron mobilities in InAs/GaSb superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HGTE-CDTE SUPERLATTICES; ROUGHNESS SCATTERING; QUANTUM-WELLS; II SUPERLATTICES; INFRARED DETECTORS; PHOTODIODES; GAAS; OPTIMIZATION AB The in-plane transport in InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices (SLs) is a sensitive indicator of SL growth quality and of the eventual performance of devices made from these materials. The in-plane mobility of electrons that move predominantly in the InAs layer is affected by a number of intrinsic and extrinsic scattering mechanisms, including interface roughness scattering (IRS). The hallmark of classic IRS-limited transport in SLs and quantum wells is the sixth power dependence of mobility on layer width. While IRS-limited transport was demonstrated in a number of SL and quantum well systems, it has never been demonstrated in the important InAs/GaSb SL material. In this paper, we perform temperature dependent Hall effect measurements on a series of InAs/GaSb SLs with a fixed GaSb layer width and a variable InAs layer width d. The low temperature (10 K) in-plane electron mobilities mu as a function of d behave as mu proportional to d(6.20), which follows the classic sixth power dependence expected from theory. At the same time, the dominance of the IRS-limited transport indicates that our samples are less affected by other scattering mechanisms, so that mobility measurements are another indicator of sample quality. C1 Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM frank.szmulowicz@wpafb.af.mil NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 101 IS 4 AR 043706 DI 10.1063/1.2434944 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 140TY UT WOS:000244530800048 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Dolbier, WR Sergeeva, TA Friedman, JF AF Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, A. A. Dolbier, William R., Jr. Sergeeva, Tatiana A. Friedman, Jeffrey F. TI Electron attachment to SF5X compounds: SF5C6H5, SF5C2H3, S2F10, and SF5Br, 300-550 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID 3RD-ROW ATOMS K; GAUSSIAN-3 THEORY; GA-KR; MOLECULES; EXTENSION; ENERGIES; ANIONS; SF5CF3; THERMOCHEMISTRY; THRESHOLD AB Rate constants and ion product channels have been measured for electron attachment to four SF5 compounds, SF5C6H5, SF5C2H3, S2F10, and SF5Br, and these data are compared to earlier results for SF6, SF5Cl, and SF5CF3. The present rate constants range over a factor of 600 in magnitude. Rate constants measured in this work at 300 K are 9.9 +/- 3.0 x 10(-8) (SF5C6H5), 7.3 +/- 1.8 x 10(-9) (SF5C2H3), 6.5 +/- 2.5 x 10(-10) (S2F10), and 3.8 +/- 2.0 x 10(-10) (SF5Br), all in cm(3) s(-1) units. SF5- was the sole ionic product observed for 300-550 K, though in the case of S2F10 it cannot be ascertained whether the minor SF4- and SF6- products observed in the mass spectra are due to attachment to S2F10 or to impurities. G3(MP2) electronic structure calculations (G2 for SF5Br) have been carried out for the neutrals and anions of these species, primarily to determine electron affinities and the energetics of possible attachment reaction channels. Electron affinities were calculated to be 0.88 (SF5C6H5), 0.70 (SF5C2H3), 2.95 (S2F10), and 2.73 eV (SF5Br). An anticorrelation is found for the Arrhenius A-factor with exothermicity for SF5- production for the seven molecules listed above. The Arrhenius activation energy was found to be anticorrelated with the bond strength of the parent ion. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM thomas.miller@hanscom.af.mil NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 6 BP 1024 EP 1029 DI 10.1021/jp066656h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 133UO UT WOS:000244039600005 PM 17286358 ER PT J AU Zhdanov, B Maes, C Ehrenreich, T Havko, A Koval, N Meeker, T Worker, B Flusche, B Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. Maes, C. Ehrenreich, T. Havko, A. Koval, N. Meeker, T. Worker, B. Flusche, B. Knize, R. J. TI Optically pumped potassium laser SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alkali lasers; optically pumped lasers ID CS AB We present an optically pumped continuous wave potassium vapor laser operating in a single longitudinal and a single transverse mode at 770 nm. The measured value of the input power to the output power slope efficiency was 20%. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.af.mil RI Maes, Carl/A-4910-2013; OI Koval, Nikolay/0000-0001-5339-7994 NR 8 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD FEB 15 PY 2007 VL 270 IS 2 BP 353 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2006.09.037 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 135MM UT WOS:000244157700040 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Aurass, H Mann, G Klassen, A AF Kahler, S. W. Aurass, H. Mann, G. Klassen, A. TI Solar radio burst and solar wind associations with inferred near-relativistic electron injections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; interplanetary medium; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : particle emission; Sun : radio radiation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; EVENTS; ACCELERATION; RELEASE; ORIGIN; SHOCKS; WAVES; BEAMS AB The solar injections of near-relativistic (NR) electron events observed at 1 AU appear to be systematically delayed by similar to 10 minutes from the associated flare impulsive phases. We compare inferred injection times of 80 electron events observed by the 3DP electron detector on the Wind spacecraft with 40-800 MHz solar observations by the AIP radio telescope in Potsdam-Tremsdorf, Germany. Other than preceding type III bursts, we find no single radio signature characteristic of the inferred electron injection times. The injection delays from the preceding type III bursts do not correlate with the 1 AU solar wind beta(p) or B, but do correlate with densities ne and inversely with speeds V-SW, consistent with propagation effects. About half of the events are associated with metric or decametric-hectometric (dh) type II bursts, but most injections occur before or after those bursts. Electron events with long ( >= 2 hr) beaming times at 1 AU are preferentially associated with type II bursts, which supports the possibility of a class of shock-accelerated NR electron events. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, Kiel, Germany. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2007 VL 656 IS 1 BP 567 EP 576 DI 10.1086/510230 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 133SD UT WOS:000244032600053 ER PT J AU Hay, RS AF Hay, R. S. TI Orientation relationships between complex low symmetry oxides: Geometric criteria and interface structure for yttrium aluminate eutectics SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE oxides; interface structure; coincidence site lattice; misorientation; transmission electron microscopy ID CARBIDE PARTICULATE COMPOSITES; COINCIDENCE SITE LATTICE; ANGLE GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; EDGE MATCHING MODEL; INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES; PHASE-TRANSITION; WIDMANSTATTEN CEMENTITE; MISFIT DISLOCATIONS; SILICON-CARBIDE; CREEP-BEHAVIOR AB Solidified eutectics of yttrium-aluminum perovskite (YAP)-yttrium-aluminum monoclinic (YAM) and YAM-yttria were observed by transmission electron microscopy and by optical microscopy. Orientation relationships (ORs), interphase boundary orientations and some boundary structures were determined and compared to those predicted by various geometric criteria. Six ORs were found in YAP-YAM and two were found in YAM-yttria. Near-coincidence site lattices (NCSLs) were calculated for each eutectic. OR predictions based on NCSL energy minimization were compared to NCSLs for the observed ORs. Predictions by symmetry overlap criteria and the edge-to-edge model were also compared to observations. All common ORs had coincident low-index real-space lattice vectors that were consistent with predictions of the edge-to-edge model. Three of these ORs had matching planes cozonal with the coincident real-space directions that were consistent with the edge-to-edge model. Issues with application of geometric criteria to interphase boundaries between complex, low symmetry materials are discussed. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLN, Bldg 655 Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Randall.Hay@wpafb.af.mil NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 55 IS 3 BP 991 EP 1007 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.029 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 167EX UT WOS:000246435100022 ER PT J AU Shen, C Simmons, JP Wang, Y AF Shen, C. Simmons, J. P. Wang, Y. TI Effect of elastic interaction on nucleation: II. Implementation of strain energy of nucleus formation in the phase field method SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE precipitation; coherency strain; activation energy; phase field; computer simulation ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; EVOLUTION; ALLOYS; PARTICLE; MODEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; TRANSFORMATION; KINETICS; SYSTEMS AB In paper 1 of this series, the coherency strain energy associated with nucleus formation in an elastically anisotropic crystal of an arbitrary pre-existing microstructure was presented in a close form as a linear function of the nucleus volume, which can be incorporated directly into the classical nucleation theory. In this paper we discuss incorporation of the coherency strain energy into the explicit nucleation algorithm of the phase field method, a formulation based on the classical nucleation theory, with an emphasis on the difference between conserved and non-conserved fields. In general, the local nucleation driving force is a function of both local field(s) and local stress, but for a conserved system with linear dependence of transformation strain on concentration the local nucleation driving force reduces to a function of local concentration only. To compare quantitatively the explicit nucleation algorithm with the Langevin force approach, a cubic -> tetragonal transformation is considered in two dimensions. With the same material parameters and starting microstructure, a spatial correlation between nuclei and the pre-existing misfitting particles is achieved consistently in the two approaches on the same time and length scales. With the effect of local stress on nucleation incorporated, the explicit nucleation algorithm provides an efficient means for studying stress-induced nucleation phenomena in coherent solids, which are responsible for the formation of many self-assembled morphological patterns during coherent transformations. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM wang.363@osu.edu RI Wang, Yunzhi/B-2557-2010 NR 28 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 55 IS 4 BP 1457 EP 1466 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.10.011 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 141AJ UT WOS:000244548100031 ER PT J AU Gordeyev, S Hayden, TE Jumper, EJ AF Gordeyev, Stanislav Hayden, Tim E. Jumper, Eric J. TI Aero-optical and flow measurements over a flat-windowed turret SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 37th Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference CY JUN 05-08, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP AIAA AB An extensive investigation of the aberrating character of flow over a hemisphere-on-cylinder turret with a flat window was performed. Optical distortions over the window were measured using a two-dimensional wave front sensor and a Malley probe. The Malley probe measurements were complemented with simultaneous hot-wire measurements of the velocity field normal to the window at several points across its diameter. The tests were run for a fixed elevation for several azimuthal angles over a range of Mach numbers. The results provide the levels of unsteady optical aberration across the window, as well as the local thickness, intensity, and convective speed of the separated flow over the window. Results reveal that the optical distortions grow approximately with the square of the incoming Mach number multiplied by the freestream density, OPDrms similar to rho M-2, as well as with the changing character of the aberrating How with azimuth angle. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Gordeyev, S (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Gordeyev, Stanislav/A-7062-2013; Jumper, Eric/A-9856-2013 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.2514/1.24468 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 135IB UT WOS:000244146200004 ER PT J AU Dennis, ST AF Dennis, Scott T. TI Nonlinear response of axially compressed laminated cylindrical shell panels SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LOADED COMPOSITE SHELLS; BUCKLING RESPONSE; PLATES; SHEAR AB A kinematics-based geometrically nonlinear thin-shell approach is presented. Reddy-Levinson-Murthy displacements have cubic distributions through the shell thickness for the in-plane shell displacements and result in parabolic transverse shear strain. Strains are assumed to be small and of the order of theta(2), where theta(2) is a small quantity compared with unity. The nonlinearity allows moderate rotations by retaining terms of the order of theta(3) and larger in the strain-displacement relations. Each of the shell strains is nonlinear in displacement. A second, simpler, intermediate nonlinearity of the von Karman type results by retaining all terms of the order of theta(2) and larger. The von Karman type approach has displacement nonlinearity in the in-plane strains, yet is linear in displacement for the transverse shear strains. For solution of the shell equations, the finite element method using a 36-degree-of-freedom curved shell element is developed. The nonlinear response of axially compressed laminated cylindrical shell panels is examined and compared with existing experimental results. The influence of the nonlinear transverse strain-displacement terms of the moderate rotation approach is illustrated in a numerical simulation of an axially compressed unsymmetrically laminated cross-ply panel. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dennis, ST (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 458 EP 470 DI 10.2514/1.25754 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 135IB UT WOS:000244146200015 ER PT J AU Leigh, EJ Kunz, DL AF Leigh, Elliott J. Kunz, Donald L. TI Simulation of a moving elastic beam using Hamilton's weak principle SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 47th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY MAY 01-04, 2006 CL Newport, RI SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID TIME FINITE-ELEMENTS; ROTATION; DYNAMICS AB A proof-of-concept algorithm for calculating the general motion of elastic beams in the context of a multibody system analysis has been developed and validated. The governing equations for moving elastic beams with closed cross sections have been formulated using Hamilton's law of varying action. They are then discretized with a mixed space-time finite element scheme, which results in a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. These equations are solved using unconstrained optimization techniques, thereby obtaining steady-state and time-accurate solutions for linear and nonlinear structural dynamics problems. Solutions obtained for a variety of static, steady-state, and transient test cases have demonstrated them accuracy of the formulation. Illustrative examples, including the cantilever elastica problem, rotation of a beam at a constant angular velocity, and prescribed flapping motion of a beam, are presented. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leigh, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.2514/1.25418 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 135IB UT WOS:000244146200016 ER PT J AU Servey, JT Reamy, BV Hodge, J AF Servey, Jessica T. Reamy, Brian V. Hodge, Joshua TI Clinical presentations of parvovirus B19 infection SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY; DISEASE AB Although most persons with parvovirus B19 infection are asymptomatic or have mild, nonspecific, cold-like symptoms, several clinical conditions have been linked to the virus. Parvovirus B19 usually infects children and causes the classic "slapped-cheek" rash of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). The virus is highly infectious and spreads mainly through respiratory droplets. By the time the rash appears, the virus is no longer infectious. The virus also may cause acute or persistent arthropathy and papular, purpuric eruptions on the hands and feet ("gloves and socks" syndrome) in adults. Parvovirus B19 infection can trigger an acute cessation of red blood cell production, causing transient aplastic crisis, chronic red cell aplasia, hydrops fetalis, or congenital anemia. This is even more likely in patients with illnesses that have already shortened the lifespan of erythrocytes (e.g., iron deficiency anemia, human immunodeficiency virus, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, spherocytosis). A clinical diagnosis can be made without laboratory confirmation if erythema infectiosum is present. If laboratory confirmation is needed, serum immunoglobulin M testing is recommended for immunocompetent patients; viral DNA testing is recommended for patients in aplastic crisis and for those who are immunocompromised. Treatment is usually supportive, although some patients may require transfusions or intravenous immune globulin therapy. Most patients recover completely. C1 Family Med Clin, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Servey, JT (reprint author), Family Med Clin, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM jessica.servey@travis.af.mil NR 22 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 75 IS 3 BP 373 EP 376 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 133QP UT WOS:000244027800013 PM 17304869 ER PT J AU Schillerstrom, JE Rickenbacker, D Joshi, KG Royall, DR AF Schillerstrom, Jason E. Rickenbacker, Denae Joshi, Kaustubh G. Royall, Donald R. TI Executive function and capacity to consent to a noninvasive research protocol SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE decision-making capacity; competency; executive function; cognition ID MACCAT-T; COMPETENCE AB Objective: This study measured the association between executive function and decision-making capacity in subjects consenting to a noninvasive research protocol. Method: Subjects consenting to a noninvasive research protocol (N = 21; mean age: 65.5 [standard deviation: 9.2] years) were administered a modified version of The MacArthur Competency Assessment Tool-Treatment (MacCAT-T), Executive Interview (EXIT25), Executive Clock Drawing Task (CLOX), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: The EXIT25 was the only instrument to correlate with each decision-making capacity domain: understanding, appreciation, and reasoning. Conclusions: Executive function as measured by the EXIT25 is associated with multiple decision-making capacity domains. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Syst, Audie L Murphy Div GRECC, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Schillerstrom, JE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM schillerstr@uthscsa.edu NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1064-7481 J9 AM J GERIAT PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1097/01.JGP.0000249392.10426.c6 PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 136HF UT WOS:000244212500009 PM 17272736 ER PT J AU Sutherland, MJ AF Sutherland, Michael J. TI A young surgeon's perspective on alternate surgical training pathways SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article RP Sutherland, MJ (reprint author), 60 MSGS SGCQG,101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 73 IS 2 BP 114 EP 119 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 131FE UT WOS:000243852900004 PM 17305285 ER PT J AU Arora, R Hagan, L AF Arora, Rajiv Hagan, Larry TI Progressive dyspnea in a 46-year-old woman SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERSENSITIVITY-PNEUMONITIS; PIGEON-BREEDERS; FARMERS LUNG; DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS; SERUM AB Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an inflammatory lung disease that requires a high index of suspicion and evaluation for potential causative antigens in the patient's environment. Objective: To describe a patient referred for allergic rhinitis who was found to have progressive dyspnea and was ultimately diagnosed as having HP. Methods: The history of progressive dyspnea with findings of diffuse pulmonary crackles on physical examination and restrictive pulmonary function testing prompted further radiologic, pathologic, laboratory, and home environment evaluations. Results: The constellation of findings from these studies led to the diagnosis of HP secondary to parakeet antigens. Elimination of further antigen exposure and corticosteroid therapy led to resolution of the patient's symptoms. Conclusion: Prompt diagnosis and removal of the antigen source are of paramount importance in the management of HP. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Arora, R (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM rajiv.arora@us.army.mil NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 98 IS 2 BP 191 EP 195 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 137ER UT WOS:000244276300016 PM 17304890 ER PT J AU Bettinger, TL Shuler, G Jones, DR Wilson, JP AF Bettinger, Tawny L. Shuler, Garyn Jones, Donnamaria R. Wilson, James P. TI Schizophrenia: Multi-attribute utility theory approach to selection of atypical antipsychotics SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE atypical antipsychotics; multi-attribute utility theory; schizophrenia ID RISPERIDONE; DRUGS; MEDICATION; RISK AB BACKGROUND: Current guidelines/algorithms recommend atypical antipsychotics as first-line agents for the treatment of schizophrenia. Because there are extensive healthcare costs associated with the treatment of schizophrenia, many institutions and health systems are faced with making restrictive formulary decisions regarding the use of atypical antipsychotics. Often, medication acquisition costs are the driving force behind formulary decisions, while other treatment factors are not considered. OBJECTIVE: To apply a multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) analysis to aid in the selection of a preferred agent among the atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. METHODS: Five atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole) were selected as the alternative agents to be included in the MAUT analysis. The attributes identified for inclusion in the analysis were efficacy, adverse effects, cost, and adherence, with relative weights of 35%, 35%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. For each agent, attribute scores were calculated, weighted, and then summed to generate a total utility score. The agent with the highest total utility score was considered the preferred agent. RESULTS: Aripiprazole, with a total utility score of 75.8, was the alternative agent with the highest total utility score in this model. This was followed by ziprasidone, risperidone, and quetiapine, with total utility scores of 71.8, 69.0, and 65.9, respectively. Olanzapine received the lowest total utility score. A sensitivity analysis was performed and failed to displace aripiprazole as the agent with the highest total utility score. CONCLUSIONS: This model suggests that aripiprazole should be considered a preferred agent for the treatment of schizophrenia unless found to be otherwise inappropriate. C1 Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Pharm Practice, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Adm, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Bettinger, TL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Pharm Practice, 1 Univ Stn,MC A1910, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM bettinger@mail.utexas.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 41 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1345/aph.1G607 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 141ZK UT WOS:000244617600003 PM 17311836 ER PT J AU Van Camp, RO Ortega, HJ AF Van Camp, Roscoe O. Ortega, Hernando J., Jr. TI Hand sanitizer and rates of acute illness in military aviation personnel SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE infection; epidemiology; prevention; disinfection; hygiene; handwashing AB Introduction: Alcohol-based hand sanitizer (HS) kills most organisms that cause acute illness, an important cause of lost duty time among aviation personnel. This preliminary study observed the impact on the acute illness rate when HS was made readily accessible to pilots. Methods: Wall-mounted HS dispensers were placed in two fighter squadron operations buildings during November 2005 and various media were used to alert all base personnel to the importance of hand hygiene and cough hygiene. Data were obtained for two groups of personnel on the same base: 1) pilots who worked in the two HS-equipped buildings (Squadron) (n = 56); and 2) pilots and air traffic controllers who worked at other locations (Non-Squadron) (n = 61). The incidence of acute illness and the cumulative number of duty days lost was determined in each group for the winters of 2004-05 (no HS) and 2005-06 (HS available). Results: For the Squadron group, the acute illness rates were 2.4% in 2004-5 (210 duty days lost) (no HS) compared with 0.9% in 2005-6 (78 duty days lost) when HS was provided. No year-to-year difference was apparent for the Non-Squadron group, where the illness rates were 2.4% in 2004-5 (229 duty days lost) and 2.3% in 2005-6 (221 duty days lost). Discussion: Making HS readily available at locations frequented by pilots together with educating them regarding hand hygiene may reduce the occurrence of acute illness and number of duty days lost. C1 USAF, Las Vegas, NV 89130 USA. RP Van Camp, RO (reprint author), USAF, 4754 Munstead Woods Ct, Las Vegas, NV 89130 USA. EM vancamp@pol.net NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 78 IS 2 BP 140 EP 142 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 132NY UT WOS:000243950700011 PM 17310887 ER PT J AU Diltz, RA Marolla, TV Henley, MV Li, LX AF Diltz, Robert A. Marolla, Theodore V. Henley, Michael V. Lixiong Li TI Reverse osmosis processing of organic model compounds and fermentation broths SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE water reclamation; waste management; biohydrogen; fermentation broth-; reverse osmosis ID WASTE-WATER; MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; MEMBRANE; RECOVERY; PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; FILTRATION; INDUSTRY; ACIDS AB Post-treatment of an anaerobic fermentation broth was evaluated using a 150 gal/day, single cartridge prototype reverse osmosis (RO) system. Baseline tests were conducted at 25 degrees C using six organic model compounds representing key species found in the fermentation broth: ethanol, butanol, acetic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, and butyric acid. Correlations of the rejection and recovery efficiencies for these organic species, individually and in simulated mixtures, were obtained as a function of feed pressure with and without recirculation of the retentate. The actual fermentation broth obtained from a continuous-flow biohydrogen process was treated by the RO system under the operating conditions similar to those used in the baseline tests, resulting in greater than 95% removal of total organic carbon. These results are encouraging and useful for further studies on the feasibility of incorporating the RO technology into an integrated and field deployable wastewater management and water recovery system. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Appl Res Associates Inc, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Li, LX (reprint author), Appl Res Associates Inc, 430 W 5th St, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. EM lli@ara.com NR 23 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 98 IS 3 BP 686 EP 695 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.01.022 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 101AD UT WOS:000241710400029 PM 16600592 ER PT J AU Avashia, SB Riggins, WS Lindley, C Hoffmaster, A Drumgoole, R Nekomoto, T Jackson, PJ Hill, KK Williams, K Lehman, L Libal, MC Wilkins, PP Alexander, J Tvaryanas, A Betz, T AF Avashia, Swati B. Riggins, W. S. Lindley, Connie Hoffmaster, Alex Drumgoole, Rahsaan Nekomoto, Trudi Jackson, Paul J. Hill, Karen K. Williams, Karen Lehman, Lulu Libal, Melissa C. Wilkins, Patricia P. Alexander, James Tvaryanas, Anthony Betz, Tom TI Fatal pneumonia among metalworkers due to inhalation exposure to Bacillus cereus containing Bacillus anthracis toxin genes SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID IDENTIFICATION; BIOTERRORISM AB Bacillus cereus pneumonia is unusual in nonimmunocompromised hosts. We describe fatal cases in 2 metalworkers and the associated investigation. Anthrax toxin genes were identified in B. cereus isolates from both patients using polymerase chain reaction. Finding anthrax toxin genes in non Bacillus anthracis isolates has, to our knowledge, only been reported once previously. C1 Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Canyon, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Avashia, SB (reprint author), 2001st St, Austin, TX 78722 USA. EM sbavashia@sbcglobal.net NR 10 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 44 IS 3 BP 414 EP 416 DI 10.1086/510429 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 123SE UT WOS:000243315100023 PM 17205450 ER PT J AU Lloyd, JD Marque, MJ Kacprowicz, RF AF Lloyd, Jeremy D. Marque, Melvin J., III Kacprowicz, Robert F. TI Closure techniques SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PEDIATRIC FACIAL LACERATIONS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HAIR APPOSITION TECHNIQUE; TISSUE-ADHESIVE; SCALP LACERATIONS; COSMETIC OUTCOMES; SKIN CLOSURE; SUTURES; OCTYLCYANOACRYLATE; MANAGEMENT AB There are many techniques available for the closure of traumatic wounds in EDs. Each method has its own unique benefits and limitations that must be considered in each case individually. The best technique provides durability, simplicity, excellent cosmetic outcome, and overall patient satisfaction. Unfortunately, at this time no single method is superior for all situations. EPs must be familiar with multiple techniques to provide the best outcomes for their patients. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. USAF, Pararescue Sch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lloyd, JD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 959 MSGS,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jeremy.lloyd@lackland.af.mil NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 73 EP + DI 10.1016/j.emc.2007.01.002 PG 10 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 162UL UT WOS:000246114900006 PM 17400073 ER PT J AU Marsden-Haug, N Foster, VB Gould, PL Elbert, E Wang, HL Pavlin, JA AF Marsden-Haug, Nicola Foster, Virginia B. Gould, Philip L. Elbert, Eugene Wang, Hailiang Pavlin, Julie A. TI Code-based syndromic surveillance for influenzalike illness by international classification of diseases, ninth revision SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; SYSTEM AB With the spread of avian influenza, use of automated data streams to rapidly detect and track human influenza cases has increased. We performed correlation analyses to determine whether International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), groupings used to detect influenza-like illness (ILI) within an automated syndromic system correlate with respiratory virus laboratory test results in the same population (r = 0.71 or 0.86, depending on group). We used temporal and signal-to-noise analysis to identify 2 subsets of ICD-9 codes that most accurately represent ILI trends, compared nationwide sentinel ILI surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with the automated data (r = 0.97), and found the most sensitive set of ICD-9 codes for respiratory illness surveillance. Our results, demonstrate a method for selecting the best group of ICD-9 codes to assist system developers and health officials who are interpreting similar data for daily public health activities. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Pavlin, JA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM julie.pavlin@us.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 26 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 207 EP 216 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 134UY UT WOS:000244111000003 PM 17479881 ER PT J AU Amos, BK Christ, JA Abriola, LM Pennell, KD Loffler, FE AF Amos, Benjamin K. Christ, John A. Abriola, Linda M. Pennell, Kurt D. Loffler, Frank E. TI Experimental evaluation and mathematical modeling of microbially enhanced tetrachloroethene (PCE) dissolution SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; DEHALOSPIRILLUM-MULTIVORANS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; CIS-DICHLOROETHENE; VINYL-CHLORIDE; PHASE LIQUID; MASS REMOVAL; SOURCE ZONES; SP-NOV; KINETICS AB Experiments to assess metabolic reductive dechlorination (chlororespiration) at high concentration levels consistent with the presence of free-phase tetra chloroethene (PCE) were performed using three PCE-to-cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) dechlorinating pure cultures (Sulfurospirillum multivorans, Desulfuromonas michiganensis strain BB1, and Geobacter lovleyi strain SZ) and Desulfitobacterium sp. strain Viet1, a PCE-to-trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorinating isolate. Despite recent evidence suggesting bacterial PCE-to-cis-DCE dechlorination occurs at or near PCE saturation (0.9-1.2 mM), all cultures tested ceased dechlorinating at similar to 0.54 mM PCE. In the presence of PCE dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL), strains BB1 and SZ initially dechlorinated, but TCE and cis-DCE production ceased when aqueous PCE concentrations reached inhibitory levels. For S. multivorans, dechlorination proceeded at a rate sufficient to maintain PCE concentrations below inhibitory levels, resulting in continuous cis-DCE production and complete dissolution of the PCE DNAPL. A novel mathematical model, which accounts for loss of dechlorinating activity at inhibitory PCE concentrations, was developed to simultaneously describe PCE-DNAPL dissolution and reductive dechlorination kinetics. The model predicted that conditions corresponding to a bioavailability number (Bn) less than 1.25 x 10-(2) will lead to dissolution enhancement with the tested cultures, while conditions corresponding to a Bn greater than this threshold value can result in accumulation of PCE to inhibitory dissolved-phase levels, limiting PCE transformation and dissolution enhancement. These results suggest that microorganisms incapable of dechlorinating at high PCE concentrations can enhance the dissolution and transformation of PCE from free-phase DNAPL. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Loffler, FE (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM frank.loeffler@ce.gatech.edu RI Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010; Abriola, Linda/F-7624-2010; Amos, Benjamin/D-7699-2012; Loeffler, Frank/M-8216-2013 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397; NR 54 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 963 EP 970 DI 10.1021/es061438n PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000244002800054 PM 17328210 ER PT J AU Chiasson, MD Bates, GW Robinson, RD Arthur, NJ Propst, AM AF Chiasson, Melissa D. Bates, G. Wright Robinson, Randal D. Arthur, Nancy J. Propst, Anthony M. TI Measuring estradiol levels after human chorionic gonadotropin administration for in vitro fertilization is not clinically useful SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Editorial Material AB A retrospective analysis of 844 IVF-ET cycles demonstrated that changes in E-2 levels after administration of hCG do not influence fertilization, implantation, pregnancy, or live-birth rates. In vitro fertilization cycles with a declining E-2 level have comparable success to those with no change or increasing E-2 levels and should proceed to oocyte retrieval. C1 San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78237 USA. RP Chiasson, MD (reprint author), San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78237 USA. EM Melissa.Chiasson@us.army.mil NR 4 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 87 IS 2 BP 448 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.06.024 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 135LQ UT WOS:000244155500036 PM 17084395 ER PT J AU Vidulich, MA Tsang, PS AF Vidulich, Michael A. Tsang, Pamela S. TI Methodological and theoretical concerns in multitask performance: A critique of Boles, Bursk, Phillips, and Perdelwitz SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Vidulich, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.vidulich@wpafb.af.mil NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD FEB PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1518/001872007779598046 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 140VW UT WOS:000244535800005 PM 17315842 ER PT J AU Johnson, S AF Johnson, Steven TI Comments on "Orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) revisited: A comprehensive study and analysis" SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE image processing; multidimensional signal detection; orthogonal subspace projection (OSP); parameter estimation; remote sensing ID IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; DETECTORS; EXTRACTION AB A recent paper discussed the orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) algorithm. That paper advocated the use of OSP for target detection and material abundance estimation for mixed pixels in hyperspectral images. However, it was proved in an older paper that an algorithm called the constrained signal detector (CSD) generally outperforms the OSP for the applications of target detection and abundance estimation. The purpose of this correspondence is to review the differences in detection and estimation performance between OSP and CSD. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.johnson.ctr@afit.edu NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 532 EP 533 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2006.887026 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 131GU UT WOS:000243857700025 ER PT J AU Kelkar, K Islam, NE Kirawanich, P Fessler, CM Nunnally, WC Kemp, WT Sharma, AK AF Kelkar, Kapil Islam, Naz E. Kirawanich, Phumin Fessler, Christopher M. Nunnally, William C. Kemp, William T. Sharma, Ashwani K. TI Effects of field-dependent trapping and detrapping on the responses of compensated GaAs photoconductive switches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gallium arsenide; lock-on; nonlinear photoconductive switch; semi-insulating ID SEMIINSULATING GAAS; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; CAPTURE AB In this paper, the response of a semi-insulating gallium arsenide photoconductive switch used in high-power microwave generation has been analyzed through experiment and simulation. The switch characteristics as a result of trapping and detrapping phenomena during a transient are studied. Analysis show that field-enhanced capture at high field locations during the onstate creates a temporary reservoir of trapped charge at different pockets in the device. Release of trapped charge and the subsequent injection of carriers from the contacts to maintain charge neutrality helps maintain conduction, which persists even after the laser pulse until all charges are transferred across the device. A model has been presented which can explain such phenomena as lock-on effect, persistent conductivity, and low-power requirement during transients. This phenomenon is unique to semi-insulating gallium arsenide and is primarily due to field-enhanced trapping and could be applicable to other materials that have similar characteristics. C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAF, Res Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kelkar, K (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM islamn@missouri.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 35 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1109/TPS.2006.889292 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 136IT UT WOS:000244216500010 ER PT J AU Grover, R Pados, DA Medley, MJ AF Grover, Rohan Pados, Dimitris A. Medley, Michael J. TI Subspace direction finding with an auxiliary-vector basis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive filtering; angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimation; auxiliary-vector (AV) algorithm; direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation; small sample support; source localization ID OF-ARRIVAL ESTIMATION; KRYLOV SUBSPACE; DS-CDMA; MAXIMUM; SIGNALS AB We develop a new subspace direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation procedure that utilizes a noneigenvector basis. Computation of the basis is carried out by a modified version of the orthogonal auxiliary-vector (AV) filtering algorithm. The procedure starts with the linear transformation of the array response scanning vector by the input autocorrelation matrix. Then, successive orthogonal maximum cross-correlation auxiliary vectors are calculated to form a basis for the scanner-extended signal subspace. As a performance evaluation example, our studies for uncorrelated sources demonstrate a gain in the order of 15 dB over MUSIC, 7 dB over ESPRIT, and 3 dB over the grid-search maximum likelihood DOA estimator at probability of resolution 0.9 with a ten-element array and reasonably small observation data records. Results for correlated sources are reported as well. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USAF, Res Lab, IFGC, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Grover, R (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM rgrover@eng.buffalo.edu; pados@eng.buffalo.edu; michael.medley@rl.af.mil NR 17 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 55 IS 2 BP 758 EP 763 DI 10.1109/TSP.2006.885771 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 132OR UT WOS:000243952600037 ER PT J AU Chen, HJ Haimovich, A Sjogren, JA AF Chen, Hangjun Haimovich, Alexander Sjogren, Jon A. TI Turbo space-time codes with time varying linear transformations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE MIMO; concatenated coding ID MINIMUM DISTANCE; MODULATION; PERFORMANCE; DIVERSITY AB Turbo space-time codes with symbols precoded by randomly chosen unitary time variant linear transformations (TVLT) are investigated in this paper. It is shown that turbo codes with TVLT achieve full diversity gain and do not require exhaustive tests of the rank criterion. We prove that the coding gain performance of turbo space-time codes with TVLT improves with the Hamming distance between codewords (number of different columns). As an additional benefit of the application of TVLT, with the removal of the constant modulation condition, we prove that throughput rates achieved by these codes are significantly higher than those for conventional space-time codes. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate diversity gains, coding gains and rates of turbo space-time codes with TVLT. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, NM, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Chen, HJ (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM hangjun.chen@njit.edu; alexander.m.haimovich@njit.edu; jon.sjogren@afosr.af.mil NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 EI 1558-2248 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 486 EP 493 DI 10.1109/TWC.2007.04790 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 150HC UT WOS:000245205300014 ER PT J AU Murthy, AK Chambers, JP Meier, PA Zhong, GM Arulanandam, BP AF Murthy, Ashlesh K. Chambers, James P. Meier, Patricia A. Zhong, Guangming Arulanandam, Bernard P. TI Intranasal vaccination with a secreted chlamydial protein enhances resolution of genital Chlamydia muridarum infection, protects against oviduct pathology, and is highly dependent upon endogenous gamma interferon production SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; HUMAN-ANTIBODY RESPONSES; CD8(+) T-CELLS; TRACT INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DEFICIENT MICE; MURINE MODEL; IFN-GAMMA; TRANSCUTANEOUS IMMUNIZATION; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES AB There is currently no licensed vaccine against Chlamydia trachomatis, the leading cause of sexually transmitted bacterial disease worldwide. Conventional vaccination attempts using surface-exposed chlamydial antigens have achieved only partial success. We have employed a novel vaccination strategy using a secreted protein, chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF), which has been shown to degrade host major histocompatibility complex transcription factors and keratin-8 and therefore may allow immune evasion and establishment of a productive infection. Intranasal immunization using recombinant CPAF (rCPAF) plus interleukin-12 (IL-12) (rCPAF+IL-12 immunization) was used to assess the protective immunity against genital Chlamydia muridarum infection in BALB/c mice. rCPAF+IL-12 immunization induced robust gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production and minimal IL-4 production by splenocytes upon in vitro recall with rCPAF. The total and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) anti-rCPAF antibody levels in serum were significantly elevated after rCPAF+IL-12 vaccination, as were the total antibody, IgG2a, and IgA levels in bronchoalveolar lavage and vaginal fluids when the animals were compared to animals that received rCPAF alone. rCPAF+IL-12-vaccinated mice displayed significantly reduced bacterial shedding upon chlamydial challenge and accelerated resolution of infection compared to mock-immunized (phosphate-buffered saline) animals. Moreover, rCPAF+IL-12-immunized animals exhibited protection against pathological consequences of chlamydial infection, including the development of hydrosalpinx and oviduct dilatation. This vaccination regimen also reduced the development of fibrosis and the influx of neutrophils into the upper genital tract when the animals were compared to mock-immunized (phosphate-bufered saline) animals after bacterial challenge. rCPAF+IL-12-mediated resolution of the bacterial infection and protection against Chlamydia-induced inflammatory disease were highly dependent on endogenous IFN-gamma production. Together, these results demonstrate that secreted chlamydial antigens may be novel vaccine candidates to induce protective immunity. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Biol, S Texas Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Arulanandam, BP (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Biol, S Texas Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, 6900N Loop 1604W, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM Bernard.arulanandam@utsa.edu RI Arulanandam, Bernard/O-9501-2014 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R03 AR048973, AR048973]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08194, S06 GM008194] NR 65 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 BP 666 EP 676 DI 10.1128/IAI.01280-06 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 131JQ UT WOS:000243865500013 PM 17118987 ER PT J AU Furlow, JS James, DL AF Furlow, J. S. James, D. L. TI Convective heat transfer characteristics from combined mechanical and supply pulsed radial reattaching jets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE convection heat transfer; radial jet reattachment; supply and mechanically pulsed; jet impingement ID IMPINGING JET; NOZZLE; FLOW AB The heat transfer characteristics of combined mechanically and supply pulsated radial reattaching jets, CPRJR, were documented as a function of nozzle exit angle (0 degrees and 20 degrees), non-dimensional gap height (0.05 and 0.13), non-dimensional flow guide height (0.8 and 1.16), mechanical pulsation rate (5 and 10 Hz), mechanical to supply pulsation rate (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4), phase angle (0 degrees and 180 degrees), and Reynolds number (1683 and 2366). Air was forced through a supply pulsation mechanism and then through a pulsated nozzle diverter apparatus. The air impinged on a heated plate where instantaneous heat flux and surface temperature measurements were collected and analyzed on instantaneous, ensemble-averaged, and area-averaged bases. CPRJR heat transfer can be characterized as a frequency interference of mechanical and supply pulsation effects. Significant improvement, up to 72%, over the corresponding mechanical pulsation case was found to occur for a supply-to -mechanical ratio of 3:1 with a phase angle of 0 degrees. In general, the increased heat transfer rates were associated with the an increase in surface-directed momentum caused by increased cycle "on" mass flow rate and corresponding entrainment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USAF, Holloman AFB, NM 88330 USA. RP James, DL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Box 41021, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM scott.furlow@46tg.af.mil; james@ttu.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD FEB PY 2007 VL 28 IS 1 BP 178 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2006.02.027 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 129CO UT WOS:000243706200017 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Cliver, EW Ling, AG AF Kahler, S. W. Cliver, E. W. Ling, A. G. TI Validating the proton prediction system (PPS) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Huntsville Workshop on Challenges to Modeling the Sun-Earth System CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Huntsville, AL DE energetic particles; solar flares; space weather forecasting; space weather models ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; DOSE-TIME PROFILES; FORECASTING METHODS; X-RAYS; SOLAR; MODEL; ACCELERATION; FLARES; MAGNITUDE; SPECTRA AB The proton prediction system (PPS) is a program developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) to predict solar energetic (E > 5 MeV) proton (SEP) intensities at 1 AU following solar flares. It is based on average observed SEP intensity-time profiles, peak intensities, and event durations. The input parameters are solar flare peak or time-integrated X-ray or radio fluxes and their times of onsets and maxima, and solar flare locations. We do a limited validation of the PPS using 78 GOES solar X-ray flares of peak intensity >= M5 with well associated H alpha flare locations. Predicted peak proton intensities J(E > 10 MeV) and event onset and rise times are compared with SEP events observed by GOES. We also select all GOES E > 10 MeV SEP events above 10 proton flux units (pfu) during the same time period to compare with those predicted by the PPS. With our M5 X-ray flare threshold the PPS yields approximately equal numbers of correct predictions, false predictions, and missed 10-pfu SEP events. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Radex Inc, Bedford, MA USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jasp.2006.06.009 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 141CC UT WOS:000244553100006 ER PT J AU Huang, CY Burke, WJ Lin, CS AF Huang, C. Y. Burke, W. J. Lin, C. S. TI Low-energy ion precipitation during the Halloween storm SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Huntsville Workshop on Challenges to Modeling the Sun-Earth System CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Huntsville, AL DE ion precipitation; magnetic storms; electric fields ID MAGNETOSPHERE AB During the Halloween storm of October 29-31, 2003, four defense meteorological satellite program (DMSP) satellites detected fluxes of low-energy ions precipitating well equatorward of auroral electrons in the dawn/morning magnetic local time sector during the main phase. There were three southward turnings of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), leading to three intensifications of the ring current to DST values of -125, -310 and -350nT. In each case the ion fluxes weakened dramatically and/or vanished during DST recoveries. DMSP only encountered short-lived episodes of subauroral ion precipitation in the dusk/evening sector. A brief survey of the DMSP database reveals that near-dawn, ion precipitation is a main-phase characteristic of all large magnetic storms. DMSP satellites also detected similar ion precipitation during the main phase of the March 1991 magnetic storm. During an outbound pass of the combined release radiation effect satellite (CRRES) through the inner magnetosphere it detected low energy (< 1 keV) ion fluxes that were collocated with, but spectrally separated in energy from the ring current "nose structure". As CRRES moved toward perigee in the dawn sector, it crossed similar low-energy (<= 500 eV) ions embedded in a broad ion population, located earthward of plasma sheet electrons. Simultaneously the DMSP F8 satellite detected spectrally similar low-energy ions precipitating at subauroral latitudes near dawn at the same invariant latitudes. To reconcile DMSP/CRRES observations with elementary concepts of allowed ion drift paths, the data suggest two source populations. The lowest-energy ions, of ionospheric origin, were initially energized earthward of the plasma sheet electron boundary in the evening local-time sector then co-rotated eastward. Higher-energy ions originated in the plasma sheet and drifted close to the Earth under the combined influences of time-varying convective electric fields and azimuthal gradients in the Earth's magnetic field generated by the storm-time ring current [Tsyganenko, N.A., Singer, H. J., Kasper, J. C., 2003. Storm-time distortion of the inner magnetosphere: how severe can it get? Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (A5), 1209]. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Huang, CY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM cheryl.huang@hanscom.af.mil; william.burke2@hanscom.af.mil; chin.lin@hanscom.af.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.06.018 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 141CC UT WOS:000244553100013 ER PT J AU Lin, CS Yeh, HC Chao, CK AF Lin, C. S. Yeh, H. -C. Chao, C. K. TI On a possible relationship between density depletions in the SAA region and storm-enhanced densities in the conjugate hemisphere SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Huntsville Workshop on Challenges to Modeling the Sun-Earth System CY OCT 18-22, 2004 CL Huntsville, AL DE storm-enhanced density; magnetic anomaly density structures; convective electric field; South Atlantic anomaly; low-latitude ionosphere ID GREAT MAGNETIC STORM; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; JULY 2000; IONOSPHERE AB During the great magnetic storm of July 15, 2000, the ROCSAT-1 satellite with an orbital altitude of 640 km detected a large density depletion region at low latitudes (< 35 degrees) in the southern hemisphere while storm-enhanced density (SED) was observed in the northern hemisphere. Convective electric fields deduced from measurements of the ROCSAT-1 drift meters and retarding potential analyzer (RPA) indicate negligible electric fields in the eastern portion of the SED region where density enhancement was evident, suggesting a lack of ion upward motion at the equator of the SED longitudes. However, a localized electric field enhancement was observed in association with South Atlantic magnetic anomaly density structures (MADS) during the event. The zonal electric field component was eastward corresponding to radial convection, and the radial electric field component on the magnetic meridional plane was outward corresponding to westward convection. In general, both components of the observed convective electric fields were enhanced inside the density depletion region and reduced inside the density enhancement. The electric field patterns are consistent with those arising from a circular region of flux tubes with enhanced conductance in the presence of a background electric field. The mapping of the MADS region and convective electric fields from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere suggests that these localized electric fields could drive ionospheric plasma from the conjugate MADS region to the SED at higher latitudes. We thus propose a new idea that the conjugate MADS region could be the plasma source for producing the SED. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Lin, CS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, VSBXI, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM chin.lin@hanscom.af.mil NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.07.013 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 141CC UT WOS:000244553100019 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Smith, TC Smith, B Amoroso, P Boyko, EJ Gray, GC Gackstetter, GD Riddle, JR Wells, TS Gumbs, G Corbeil, TE Hooper, TI AF Ryan, Margaret A. K. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Amoroso, Paul Boyko, Edward J. Gray, Gregory C. Gackstetter, Gary D. Riddle, James R. Wells, Timothy S. Gumbs, Gia Corbeil, Thomas E. Hooper, Tomoko I. TI Millennium Cohort: enrollment begins a 21-year contribution to understanding the impact of military service SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE military medicine; military personnel; veterans; longitudinal studies; combat disorders; Gulf War Syndrome ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; PRIMARY-CARE; HEALTH REGISTRIES; PEACEKEEPING DUTY; MENTAL-DISORDERS; PTSD CHECKLIST; PRIME-MD; US; PERSONNEL AB Objective: In response to health concerns of military members about deployment and other service-related exposures, the Department of Defense (DoD) initiated the largest prospective study ever undertaken in the U.S. military. Study Design and Setting: The Millennium Cohort uses a phased enrollment strategy to eventually include more than 100,000 U.S. service members who will be followed up through the year 2022, even after leaving military service. Subjects will be linked to DoD and Veterans Affairs databases and surveyed every 3 years to obtain objective and self-reported data on exposures and health outcomes. Results: The first enrollment phase was completed in July 2003 and resulted in 77,047 consenting participants, well representative of both active-duty and Reserve/Guard forces. This report documents the baseline characteristics of these Cohort members, describes traditional, postal, and Web-based enrollment methods; and describes the unique challenges of enrolling, retaining, and following such a large Cohort. Conclusion: The Millennium Cohort was successfully launched and is becoming especially relevant, given current deployment and exposure concerns. The Cohort is representative of the U.S. military and promises to provide new insight into the long-term effects of military occupations on health for years to come. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr Puget Sound, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ryan@nhrc.navy.mil NR 70 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 7 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.05.009 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 127QL UT WOS:000243601300011 PM 17208125 ER PT J AU Riddle, JR Smith, TC Smith, B Corbeil, TE Engel, CC Wells, TS Hoge, CW Adkins, J Zamorski, M Blazer, D AF Riddle, James R. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Corbeil, Thomas E. Engel, Charles C. Wells, Timothy S. Hoge, Charles W. Adkins, Joyce Zamorski, Mark Blazer, Dan CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Millennium Cohort: The 2001-2003 baseline prevalence of mental disorders in the US military SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mental health; morbidity; military medicine; military personnel; cohort studies; veterans ID NATIONAL-COMORBIDITY-SURVEY; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; GULF-WAR VETERANS; PRIMARY-CARE; PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; HEALTH ISSUES; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS AB Objectives: The 12-month prevalence of common mental illnesses in the United States is estimated to be 26%, accounting for an increasing fraction of all disability in the general population. The U.S. military is a unique group involved in response and defense during times of conflicts and disasters. The mental health of service members affects organizational productivity and effectiveness and is of great importance to the health of U.S. military members and public health in general. Study Design and Setting: In the present report, the authors describe the baseline prevalence of mental disorders in a large U.S. military cohort, the Millennium Cohort, established for a 22-year longitudinal study of the health effects of military service. Using crude and weighted prevalence and multivariable logistic regression, the mental health morbidity of the Millennium Cohort is reported for various demographics. Results: These analyses suggest that although the cohort compares favorably to other populations, there are military subpopulations, including women, younger, less educated, single, white, short-term service, enlisted, and Army members, who are at greater odds for some mental disorders. Conclusion: With ongoing U.S. involvement in combat operations around the world, these baseline data are essential to assessing long-term mental health morbidity in U.S. military service members. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. Pentagon, Force Hlth Protect, Washington, DC USA. Canadian Forces Hlth Serv Grp Headquarters, Directorate Med Policy, Deployment Hlth Sect, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 500 N Harbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM smith@nhrc.navy.mil RI Blazer II, Dan/D-6675-2012 NR 57 TC 122 Z9 127 U1 6 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 60 IS 2 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.04.008 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 127QL UT WOS:000243601300012 PM 17208126 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Parales, RE Spain, JC Johnson, GR AF He, Zhongqi Parales, Rebecca E. Spain, Jim C. Johnson, Glenn R. TI Novel organization of catechol meta pathway genes in the nitrobenzene degrader Comamonas sp JS765 and its evolutionary implication SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE catechol; dehydrogenase; dioxygenase; hydroxymuconic semialdehyde; meta-pathway ID 2-HYDROXYMUCONIC SEMIALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; PSEUDOMONAS-PSEUDOALCALIGENES JS45; SP STRAIN JS765; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CATABOLIC PLASMID; CLEAVAGE PATHWAY; DEGRADATION; 2,3-DIOXYGENASE; ENZYMES AB The catechol meta cleavage pathway is one of the central metabolic pathways for the degradation of aromatic compounds. A novel organization of the pathway genes, different from that of classical soil microorganisms, has been observed in Sphingomonas sp HV3 and Pseudomonas sp. DJ77. In a Comamonas sp. JS765, cdoE encoding catechol 2,3-dioxygenase shares a common ancestry only with tdnC of a Pseudomonas putida strain, while codG encoding 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase shows a higher degree of similarity to those genes in classical bacteria. Located between cdoE and cdoG are several putative genes, whose functions are unknown. These genes are not found in meta pathway operons of other microorganisms with the exception of cdoX2, which is similar to cmpX in strain HV3. Therefore, the gene cluster in JS765 reveals a third type of gene organization of the meta pathway. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Microbiol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Environm Engn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10295-006-0170-8 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 127US UT WOS:000243612400001 PM 16947040 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Marshall, WJ Aldrich, RC Gorschboth, MF Zimmerman, SA Rockwell, RJ AF Thomas, Robert J. Rockwell, Benjamin A. Marshall, Wesley J. Aldrich, Robert C. Gorschboth, Mary F. Zimmerman, Sheldon A. Rockwell, R. James, Jr. TI Procedure for the computation of hazards from diffusely scattering surfaces under the Z136.1-2000 American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; ANSI laser standard; diffuse hazard; extended source; maximum permissible exposure (MPE) to lasers; accessible emission limit (AEL); pulsed lasers AB The current national consensus standard for laser safety in the United States is the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z1361). The most recent standard, Z 136.1-2000, incorporates a wealth of recent bioeffects data and established a number of new maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits for laser safety. The standard also includes recent procedures for the computation of MPE values from large or extended diffusely scattering sources, which must be understood by health physicists, laser safety officers, and others in the field of occupational safety. Here we present the fourth in a series of tutorial articles, written to clarify laser safety analysis procedures under this standard, with an emphasis on the MPE computation methods related to extended sources, and the determination of nominal hazard zones. (c) 2007 Laser Institute Of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USACHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Dahlgren Div, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. Rockwell Laser Ind, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. RP Thomas, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM robert.thomas@brooks.af.mil NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU LASER INST AMER PI ORLANDO PA 13501 INGENUITY DR, SUITE 128, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.2351/1.2402516 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 139LX UT WOS:000244434400008 ER PT J AU Corcoran, CJ Durville, F Pasch, KA Bochove, EJ AF Corcoran, C. J. Durville, F. Pasch, K. A. Bochove, E. J. TI Spatial filtering of large mode area fibre lasers using a self-Fourier cavity for high power applications SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE phase-locked laser array; coherent beam combining; high energy laser; self-Fourier cavity; external cavity; coherent laser combination; large mode area fibre laser; coupled mode theory ID STOCHASTIC PROPAGATION PHASE; TALBOT-CAVITY; EXTRACTION CHARACTERISTICS; DIODE-LASERS; RESONATOR; LOCKING; OPERATION; ENSEMBLE; OUTPUT; CW AB The spatial filtering properties of a self-Fourier cavity on a large mode area (LMA) fibre laser have been analysed and described. The spatial filtering is first analysed for a single LMA fibre laser coupled to a self-Fourier cavity and then for a 5 x 5 array of LMA fibre lasers. Results are described in terms of the scattering matrix, supermodes, eigenvalues, loss, and supermode discrimination. The laser array is shown to possess a single fundamental in-phase mode that can propagate with low loss and high discrimination against other transverse modes of oscillation. This modal discrimination can be utilized to force an array of high power fibre lasers to operate in a single fundamental transverse supermode, generating a high energy laser (HEL) array with a diffraction-limited output. C1 Corcoran Engn Inc, Newton, MA 02465 USA. Opt Fiber Syst Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. Pasch Engn Design, Boston, MA 02134 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Corcoran, CJ (reprint author), Corcoran Engn Inc, 49 Jerome Ave, Newton, MA 02465 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 9 IS 2 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1088/1464-4258/9/2/002 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 134NN UT WOS:000244090200003 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, MT Pierce, MR Yoder, BA DiGeronimo, RJ AF Shoemaker, M. T. Pierce, M. R. Yoder, B. A. DiGeronimo, R. J. TI High flow nasal cannula versus nasal CPAP for neonatal respiratory disease: a retrospective study SO JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE humidified high flow nasal cannula; nasal continuous positive airway pressure; bronchopulmonary dysplasia ID POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; PRETERM INFANTS; LUNG INJURY; OXYGEN AB Objective: Our objective is to assess the frequency of usage, safety and clinical utility of humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) in two tertiary care hospitals and compare outcomes to a historical control group of premature infants who received nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). Study design: The first part of the study describes the increased HHFNC usage in two tertiary neonatal intensive care units. The second part compares outcomes of infants, born at less than 30 weeks gestation, who received either NCPAP or HHFNC as an early respiratory support mode. Results: HHFNC usage increased (64%) after its introduction in infants of all gestational ages whereas the usage of NCPAP decreased from 19 to 4%. Ninety-five percent of infants born at less than 30 weeks gestation received HHFNC at some point during their hospital stay whereas only 12% received NCPAP. There were no differences in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but ventilator-days per patient were decreased (19.4 to 9.9) following introduction of HHFNC. Comparing the cohort of infants who received either NCPAP or HHFNC as an early mode of respiratory support, there were no differences in deaths, ventilator-days, BPD, blood infections or other outcomes. More infants were intubated for failing early NCPAP compared to early HHFNC ( 40 to 18%). Conclusions: HHFNC was well-tolerated by premature infants. Compared to infants managed with NCPAP, there were no apparent differences in adverse outcomes following the introduction of HHFNC. Additional research is needed to better define the utility and safety of HHFNC compared to NCPAP. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Neonatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Santa Rosa Childrens Hosp, Pediat Med Grp, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Utah, Primary Childrens Med Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Shoemaker, MT (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Neonatol, 2200 Bergquest Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM michael.shoemaker@lackland.af.mil NR 24 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0743-8346 J9 J PERINATOL JI J. Perinatol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1038/sj.jp.7211647 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 131AE UT WOS:000243839300005 PM 17262040 ER PT J AU Pimienta, ISO Elzey, S Boatz, JA Gordon, MS AF Pimienta, Ian S. O. Elzey, Sherrie Boatz, Jerry A. Gordon, Mark S. TI Pentazole-based energetic ionic liquids: A computational study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID EINES KLASSISCHEN PROBLEMS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BASIS SET; AZOLES; GAUSSIAN-2; TETRAZOLE; CCSD(TQ); ENERGIES; SOLVENTS AB The structures of protonated pentazole cations (RN5H+), oxygen-containing anions such as N(NO2)(2)(-), NO3-, and ClO4- and the corresponding ion pairs are investigated by ab initio quantum chemistry calculations. The stability of the pentazole cation is explored by examining the decomposition pathways of several monosubstituted cations (RN5H+) to yield N-2 and the corresponding azidinium cation. The heats of formation of these cations, which are based on isodesmic (bond-type conserving) reactions, are calculated. The proton-transfer reaction from the cation to the anion is investigated. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Propuls Div, PRS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark@si.fi.ameslab.gov NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 1 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 4 BP 691 EP 703 DI 10.1021/jp0663006 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 129CE UT WOS:000243705200022 PM 17249760 ER PT J AU Cinnamon, JD Palazotto, AN AF Cinnamon, John D. Palazotto, Anthony N. TI Metallographic examination and validation of thermal effects in hypervelocity gouging SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 17-21, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB In this work, a gouged section of 1080 railroad rail steel is examined using metallographic techniques to characterize the nature of the damage. The gouging was performed by a rocket sled at Holloman Air Force Base, riding on VascoMax 300 steel shoes at 2.1 km/s. The damaged rail is evaluated in detail to examine material phase changes, shear bands, and heat effects. The results are compared to samples of the virgin material, machined and prepared exactly as they are prior to the Holloman AFB High Speed Test Track (HHSTT) runs. The gouged section was examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and other techniques. The resulting microstructure is presented and compared to the virgin material. Material mixing, shear band formation, and significant thermal damage, consistent with a high energy gouging event, are confirmed. In addition, the material phase change, evident in this approach allows us to estimate the thermal conditions present during the formation of the gouge. This thermal history establishes a profile by which related research in gouge simulation can be validated against. A one-dimensional heat conduction model is presented that validates the cooling rates required to generate the presented microstructure. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Cinnamon, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM john.cinnamon@afit.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2007 VL 129 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1115/1.2389030 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 139CH UT WOS:000244409200019 ER PT J AU Leiweke, RJ AF Leiweke, Robert John TI Comment on "A new procedure for obtaining the Voigt function dependent upon the complex error function" SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Editorial Material DE Voigt function; complex error function; Faddeeva function; Olivero-Longbothum approximation; high pressure dielectric; barrier discharge plasma ID LASER ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE; RESOLVED PLASMA EMISSION AB The numerical solution of Eq. (1) relating the Voigt, Lorentzian, and Gaussian full-widths at half-maximum, as shown in Fig. 2 of the article A new procedure for obtaining the Voigt function dependent upon the complex error function by Luque, Calzada and Saez (JQSRT 2005; 94:151-161), is not valid in some parts of the computational domain. The problem resides within a physical domain that is of current spectroscopic interest for the diagnostics of low temperature (similar to 300 K), high pressure (similar to 1 atm) dielectric barrier discharge plasmas. The purpose here is to identify the deficiency and to demonstrate a well-conditioned numerical approach for this domain of interest. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leiweke, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, 2645 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Robert.Leiweke@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 103 IS 3 BP 597 EP 600 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.08.002 PG 4 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 112XU UT WOS:000242562100013 ER PT J AU Fair, GE Hay, RS Boakye, EE AF Fair, Geoff E. Hay, Randall S. Boakye, Emmanuel E. TI Precipitation coating of monazite on woven ceramic fibers: I. Feasibility SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; TENSILE-STRENGTH; TEMPERATURE; ALUMINA; INTERFACES; PRECURSORS; PARTICLES AB Monazite coatings were deposited on woven cloths and tows of Nextel (TM) 610 fibers by heterogeneous nucleation and growth using solution precursors. Initial experiments revealed two coating regimes in which monazite was either precipitated both in solution and onto the fiber surfaces or only onto the fiber surfaces depending on the precursor solution concentration and fiber surface area. In both cases, regions of tightly packed fibers within cloth were uncoated. Image analysis of coated fiber cross sections revealed a strong correlation between fiber separation and coating thickness, suggesting that the coating of tightly packed fibers was limited by transport of the reactants in solution to these areas. By adopting a coating procedure in which the tightly packed regions are saturated with reactants before precipitation, more uniform coatings of monazite were obtained throughout the cloth; however, the strength of as-coated and heat-treated fibers was degraded and remains problematic. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Fair, GE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM geoff.fair@wpafb.af.mil NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 448 EP 455 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01442.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 129UD UT WOS:000243754700016 ER PT J AU Shah, SR Raj, R AF Shah, Sandeep R. Raj, Rishi TI Multilayer design and evaluation of a high temperature environmental barrier coating for Si-based ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-NITRIDE; PARALINEAR OXIDATION; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; DIFFUSION; PERMEATION; CORROSION; BEHAVIOR; KINETICS AB Two types of environmental barrier coatings for silicon nitride are investigated. In Type A coatings, a bilayer of polymer-derived SiCN and zirconia was deposited on silicon nitride. This coating nearly completely suppressed oxidation of Si3N4 at 1350 degrees C in a 900 h-long test. But the coating volatilized in a streaming water vapor environment. In Type B coatings, a topcoat of hafnia was built on to the SiCN coating with an intermediate compliant layer to accommodate the thermal expansion mismatch between hafnia and Si3N4. The three-layer design was successful in preventing both oxidation as well as weight loss in the silicon nitride at temperatures up to 1300 degrees C. The compliant interlayer was made from a porous microstructure, which approximately followed the guidelines subscribed by a model based on the columnar design. The results lead to both expected and unexpected findings. The three-layer design used to accommodate thermal expansion followed the prediction from the model. But the suppression of oxidation by the SiCN and zirconia overlayer, in Type A coatings, was unexpected. Inhibition of oxygen diffusion by zircon, which appears to have formed by a reaction between SiCN and zirconia, is one possible explanation. Another explanation is that ionic diffusion of oxygen in zircon overlayer and the molecular diffusion of oxygen through the silica interlayer just below creates an electrical field, which opposes ionic diffusion of oxygen through zircon. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USAF Acad, CAStLE, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Raj, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rishi.raj@colorado.edu OI RAJ, RISHI/0000-0001-8556-9797 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 90 IS 2 BP 516 EP 522 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01393.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 129UD UT WOS:000243754700027 ER PT J AU Silva-Smith, AL Theune, TW Spaid, PE AF Silva-Smith, Amy L. Theune, Thomas W. Spaid, Penny E. TI Primary support persons for individuals who are visually impaired: Who they are and the support they provide SO JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; VISION LOSS; FAMILY; IMPAIRMENTS; STRATEGIES; FRIENDS; IMPACT C1 Univ Colorado, Beth El Coll Nursing & Hlth Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80933 USA. Low Vis Serv So Colorano, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Silva-Smith, AL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Beth El Coll Nursing & Hlth Sci, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy,POB 7150, Colorado Springs, CO 80933 USA. EM asilvasm@uccs.edu; twtheune@prodigy.net; penny.spaid@usafa.af.mil NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FOUNDATION BLIND PI NEW YORK PA J VISUAL IMPAIRMENT BLINDNESS 11 PENN PLAZA SUITE 300, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0145-482X J9 J VISUAL IMPAIR BLIN JI J. Vis. Impair. Blind. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 101 IS 2 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 146NB UT WOS:000244940100006 ER PT J AU Warner, C Warner, C Matuszak, T Rachal, J Flynn, J Grieger, TA AF Warner, Christopher Warner, Carolynn Matuszak, Theresa Rachal, James Flynn, Julianne Grieger, Thomas A. TI Disordered eating in entry-level military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONTRIBUTING FACTORS; ATTITUDES TEST; PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; SEXUAL-ABUSE; AIR-FORCE; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIORS; FEMALE; NAVY AB Objective: The goal was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for disordered eating in an entry-level U.S. Army population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of advanced individual training U.S. Army soldiers at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, was performed with an anonymous self-report survey containing demographic factors, history (including abuse and psychiatric treatment), and Eating Attitudes Test-26. Results: Of 1,184 advanced individual training soldiers approached, 1,090 participated. The response rate was 91.2% (955 men and 135 women). Forty percent were overweight (body mass index of >= 25), 11% reported a psychiatric history, 26% reported a history of abuse, and 9.8% endorsed disordered eating (male, 7.0%; female, 29.6%), as defined by Eating Attitudes Test-26. Factors that placed soldiers at higher risk for disordered eating were female gender (odds ratio, 5.63; 95% confidence interval, 3.32-9.57; p < 0.00005), overweight (odds ratio, 3.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.92-4.89; p < 0.00005), previous psychiatric treatment (odds ratio, 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-3.36; p = 0.035), and history of verbal abuse (odds ratio, 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-3.51; p = 0.014). Conclusions: Our study shows a higher than expected rate of disordered eating in advanced individual training soldiers with identifiable risk factors. This indicates an important need for further study, effective screening, preventive counseling, and early intervention for treatment. C1 Div Behav Hlth, Infantry Div 3, Ft Stewart, GA 31314 USA. Winn Army Community Hosp, Dept Family Practice, Ft Stewart, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Ehrling Berquist Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. RP Warner, C (reprint author), Div Behav Hlth, Infantry Div 3, Ft Stewart, GA 31314 USA. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 147 EP 151 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136NY UT WOS:000244232600010 PM 17357768 ER PT J AU Dunn, WJ Bogart, RK McDaniel, RJ Hunter, C Peterson, AL Wright, EF AF Dunn, William J. Bogart, Robert K. McDaniel, Randall J. Hunter, Christine Peterson, Alan L. Wright, Edward F. TI Efflicacy of group cognitive behavior therapy for the treatment of masticatory myofascial pain SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HABIT REVERSAL TREATMENT; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS; TREATMENT OUTCOMES; SLEEP; CHALLENGE; BRUXISM AB The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the reduction in perceived pain in patients with myofascial pain (MFP) using a group cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) course. Twenty-six participants diagnosed as having MFP were enrolled. Each CBT session had a small-group format, where participants received instruction in habit reversal, stress management, and progressive relaxation. Participants served as their own control subjects and were surveyed for pain intensity, duration, and frequency at study enrollment, before attending the CBT course, and 2 to 3 weeks after course completion. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests revealed that changes in intensity, frequency, and duration were significant (p < 0.00 1 to p < 0.045). Thirty-three percent of the participants showed improvement with home care instructions before CBT course start, whereas 65% of the participants showed improvement after the CBT course. Participants attending CBT group training exhibited significant improvements in MFP intensity, frequency, and duration, compared with levels reported at the initial evaluation. C1 Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Dent Res, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. Hosp Dent Dept, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Orofacial Pain Dept, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Gen Dent, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Dunn, WJ (reprint author), Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Dent Res, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136NY UT WOS:000244232600014 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR Cook, MC AF Jauchem, James R. Cook, Michael C. TI High-intensity acoustics for military nonlethal applications: A lack of useful systems SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID LOW-FREQUENCY; INFRASOUND; WEAPONS; PERFORMANCE; NOISE; EXPOSURE; TASK AB There have been many previous claims of nonlethal acoustic weapon effects, mostly in the popular rather than the scientific literature. Anecdotal reports of extraordinary effects can make meaningful assessment and review of this area very difficult. Acoustics research has shown that the nonlethal weapon capabilities of audible sound generators have been grossly over stated. Although high-intensity infrasound significantly disrupted animal behavior in some experiments, the generation of such energy in a volume large enough to be of practical use is unlikely because of basic physical principles. On the basis of experimentation completed to date at a number of institutions, it seems unlikely that high-intensity acoustic energy in the audible, infrasonic, or low-frequency range can provide a device suitable for use as a nonlethal weapon. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 137 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 182 EP 189 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136NY UT WOS:000244232600016 PM 17357774 ER PT J AU Newmark, J Langer, JM Capacio, B Barr, J McIntosh, RG AF Newmark, Jonathan Langer, Janice M. Capacio, Benedict Barr, John McIntosh, Roger G. TI Liquid sulfur mustard exposure SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-LYASE METABOLITES; HUMAN URINE; THIODIGLYCOL; QUANTIFICATION; QUANTITATION AB A 35-year-old active duty service member sustained a 6.5% body surface area burn as a result of exposure to the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, which is the most severe mustard exposure of a U.S. military member since World War II that is known to us. New techniques were used to demonstrate the detectable persistence of mustard metabolites in the patient's blood for at least 41 days after exposure, validating these techniques for the first time for a human mustard patient; they were also used for the first time with human mustard blister fluid. The techniques extend eightfold the period of time that mustard exposure can be definitively diagnosed, compared with previous techniques. Although this patient's lesions were never life-threatening, he required 2 weeks of intensive burn care. He has been left with ongoing posttraumatic stress disorder and has had an incomplete dermatological recovery. In a major terrorist attack involving many patients exposed to sulfur mustard, care resources would be depleted quickly. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Assistant Secretary Publ Hth Emergency Prepar, Washington, DC 20201 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. 436th Med Operat Squadron, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Abingdon, MD 21009 USA. USA, Reserve Unit Consequence Management, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Newmark, J (reprint author), Joint Program Execut Off Chem Off Chem Biol Def, Med Syst, Skyline 2,Suite 1609,5203 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 196 EP 198 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136NY UT WOS:000244232600018 PM 17357776 ER PT J AU Allen, AT Flinn, AM Moore, WF AF Allen, Andrew T. Flinn, Anna M. Moore, William F. TI The 81st Medical Group Obstetrics and Gynecology flight's role during Hurricane Katrina SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Armed Forces District Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecol, Armed Forces District AB Background: The Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) flight at Keesler Medical Center sheltered 36 pregnant women and their families during Hurricane Katrina to ensure that appropriate medical care would be available. Ironically, the hospital's emergency generators were destroyed during the 30-foot storm surge, while one woman with a previous cesarean section went into active labor. She ultimately underwent a cesarean delivery using battery-operated flashlights for illumination. After the storm, the damage to the hospital was so extensive as to require aeromedical evacuation of the pregnant patients and their families. In addition, two OB/GYN physicians transferred to a nearby shelter on base and provided general medical care to its occupants. Conclusion: OB/GYN physicians in the military play a vital role in the care of victims of natural disasters. In addition to pregnancy-related issues, OB/GYN physicians can be expected to provide primary and emergency care to victims under austere conditions. C1 81st MSGS SGCG, Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Allen, AT (reprint author), 81st MSGS SGCG, Keesler Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 301 Fisher St, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 199 EP 201 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136NY UT WOS:000244232600019 PM 17357777 ER PT J AU Propst, AM Joiner, LLR Robinson, RD Bates, GW AF Propst, Anthony M. Joiner, Laura Lee Rihl Robinson, Randal D. Bates, G. Wright TI Establishing institutional critical values of follicle-stimulating hormone levels to predict in vitro fertilization success SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Armed Forces District of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY OCT 19-22, 2002 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists ID CITRATE CHALLENGE TEST; GENERAL INFERTILITY POPULATION; OVARIAN RESERVE; PROGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT; AGE AB Elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels during the early follicular phase or in response to the clomiphene citrate challenge test indicate diminished ovarian reserve and poor reproductive potential. We performed a retrospective analysis of 413 infertile women, 23 to 40 years of age, who underwent 523 cycles of in vitro fertilization (IVF) to identify the critical FSH values that would predict a poor likelihood of success in our military IVF program. Each woman underwent a clomiphene citrate challenge test within 1 year of each IVF cycle. The overall live birth and implantation rates were 43% and 24%, respectively. The critical values for day 3 and day 10 FSH levels were 14.1 and 16.9 mIU/mL, respectively, with a 0% live birth rate and a 5% implantation rate above these levels. There were no differences in the live birth/implantation rates when stratified for FSH levels below the critical values. Medical centers offering IVF should determine their critical FSH values, to help identify patients unlikely to benefit from IVF and to ensure appropriate allocation of resources and realistic expectations for infertile couples. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Propst, AM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Reprod Endocrinol & Infertil, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 202 EP 204 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136NY UT WOS:000244232600020 ER PT J AU Lougee, D Kemmer, TM Lynch, J AF Lougee, Douglas Kemmer, Teresa M. Lynch, Julia TI An innovative medical civil-military operation training program SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Congress on Military Medicine Humanitarian Assistance for Natural and Man-Made Disasters CY SEP 12-17, 2004 CL Washington, DC AB The San Antonio Military Pediatric Center has developed an innovative humanitarian civic assistance (HCA) program. Many medical HCA programs focus on short-term medical interventions and provide transient benefit. To have a more lasting impact, this program focuses on public health surveillance. U.S. military medics conduct random household nutritional surveys and train in austere settings and on rounds in Honduran hospitals. Since 2001, >200 military medics have been trained in population assessment, primary medical care in developing nations, and other skills critical for medical civil-military operations. All activities are coordinated with the host nation. Public health data are collected and reported to Honduran public health leaders, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and nongovernmental organizations, to assist with program and policy development. This innovative project is a potential model to improve both military training and host nation benefit from HCA programs. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lougee, D (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 172 IS 2 BP 205 EP 209 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 136NY UT WOS:000244232600021 PM 17357779 ER PT J AU Arzola, JM Hawley, JS Oakman, C Mora, RV AF Arzola, Jorge M. Hawley, Joshua S. Oakman, Crystal Mora, Rafael V. TI A case of prostatitis due to Burkholderia pseudomallei SO NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; Burkholderia pseudomallei; prostatitis; sepsis ID TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; SEVERE MELIOIDOSIS; TSUNAMI SURVIVORS; CEFTAZIDIME; SEVERITY; THERAPY; DISEASE AB Background A 67-year-old male, with a history of stable lower urinary tract symptoms, diabetes mellitus, benign prostatic hyperplasia, gonococcal urethritis, and excessive alcohol consumption, presented to the emergency room with sepsis and acute bacterial prostatitis. He had recently returned from a visit to Indonesia, where he had been a first-hand witness to the 2004 tsunami. Investigations Complete blood cell count, urine analysis, blood, urine, and prostatic abscess cultures, chest X-ray, contrasted CT of the abdomen and pelvis, and F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET. Diagnosis Melioidosis. Management Broad-spectrum empiric antibiotics were administered initially; therapy was then changed to intravenous imipenem plus cilastatin with slow initial clinical improvement. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET localized the prostate as the only nidus of infection. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of a small fluid collection of the prostate also grew Burkholderia pseudomallei. The patient improved clinically and was discharged to complete a 2-week course of intravenous imipenem plus cilastatin followed by a 3-month course of oral trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole. This medication was switched to co-amoxiclav and doxycycline to complete the 3-month course. The patient was well at his last follow-up, 3 months following hospital discharge. C1 San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Urol Residency Program, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Arzola, JM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 8423 Feather Trail, Helotes, TX 78023 USA. EM jorge.arzola@lackland.af.mil NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1743-4270 J9 NAT CLIN PRACT UROL JI Nat. Clin. Pract. Urol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1038/ncpuro0713 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 133GZ UT WOS:000244002700013 PM 17287872 ER PT J AU Byers, BD Silva, PH Kost, ER AF Byers, Benjamin D. Silva, Phaelon H. Kost, Edward R. TI Delivery complicated by postpartum Hemorrhage and lower extremity compartment syndrome SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND: Extremity compartment syndrome is a rare surgical complication in which increased intracompartmental pressure threatens the viability of the muscular and nervous tissue. We report a case of a delivery complicated by postpartum hemorrhage and a lower extremity compartment syndrome. CASE: A multigravida in her late 20s was admitted for induction of labor at 41 weeks of gestation. She underwent a cesarean delivery for a nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing. The delivery was complicated by severe postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony, resulting in a cesarean hysterectomy. The patient developed a lower extremity compartment syndrome and underwent an emergent anterior tibial fasciotomy. CONCLUSION: Extremity compartment syndrome is rarely encountered in obstetric care; however, there may be an association with severe postpartum hemorrhage. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall US AF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Byers, BD (reprint author), 755 Gotham St, Watertown, NY 13601 USA. EM Benjamindbyers@yahoo.com NR 6 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 109 IS 2 BP 507 EP 509 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000222360.81498.67 PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 195AK UT WOS:000248384700011 PM 17267875 ER PT J AU Chaudhry, IA Shamsi, FA Elzaridi, E Al-Rashed, W Al-Amri, A Al-Anezi, F Arat, YO Holck, DE AF Chaudhry, Imtiaz A. Shamsi, Farrukh A. Elzaridi, Elsanusi Al-Rashed, Waleed Al-Amri, Abdulrahman Al-Anezi, Fahad Arat, Yonca O. Holck, David E. TI Outcome of treated orbital cellulitis in a tertiary eye care center in the Middle East SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 109th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY OCT 15-18, 2005 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID SUBPERIOSTEAL ABSCESS; VISUAL-LOSS; ACUTE SINUSITIS; COMPLICATIONS; CHILDREN; SURGERY; PHACOEMULSIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; FRACTURE AB Purpose: To describe risk factors predisposing patients to orbital cellulitis and potential complications in patients treated at a tertiary eye care referral center in the Middle East. Design: Noncomparative, interventional, retrospective case series. Participants: Patients diagnosed with orbital cellulitis. Methods: A 15-year clinical review of patients with a diagnosis of orbital cellulitis referred to King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, an accredited (Joint Council on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, Washington, DC) tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, was performed. Only those patients who had clinical signs and symptoms or radiologic evidence suggestive of orbital cellulitis were included in the study. Main Outcome Measures: Patient demographics, factors predisposing to orbital cellulitis, and resulting complications. Results: A total of 218 patients (136 male, 82 female) fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for orbital cellulitis were identified. The average age of these patients was 25.7 years (range, 1 month-85 years). On imaging studies, there was evidence of inflammatory or infective changes to orbital structures; orbital abscesses were identified in 116 patients (53%). Sinus disease was the most common predisposing cause in 86 patients (39.4%), followed by trauma in 43 patients (19.7%). All patients received systemic antibiotic treatment before the identification of any responsible organisms. Of the 116 patients with orbital abscess, 101 patients (87%) required drainage. The results of cultures in patients in whom an orbital abscess was drained were positive for 91 patients (90%). The most common microorganisms isolated from the drained abscesses were Staphylococci and Streptococci species. Blood cultures were positive in only 4 patients from whom blood was drawn for cultures. Visual acuity improved in 34 eyes (16.1%) and worsened in 13 eyes (6.2%), including 9 (4.3%) eyes that sustained complete loss of vision, which was attributed to the delay in correct diagnosis and timely intervention (average 28 days vs. 9 days in patients with no loss of vision; P < 0.05). There were 9 cases of intracranial extension of orbital abscesses that required either extended treatment with systemic antibiotics alone or in combination with neurosurgical intervention. Most patients received oral antibiotics on discharge for varying periods. There were 6 cases (2.7%) of strabismus and 4 cases (1.8%) of ptosis that persisted after treatment and resolution of orbital cellulitis. Conclusions: Untreated sinusitis and prior history of orbital trauma were the 2 major causes of orbital cellulitis in patients referred to a tertiary care eye center in the Middle East. Although rare, severe visual loss still remains a serious complication of delayed detection and intervention in most cases of orbital cellulitis. C1 King Khalid Eye Specialist Hosp, Oculoplast & Orbit Div, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia. King Khalid Eye Specialist Hosp, Res Dept, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia. Royal Eye Infirm, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. King Saud Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Chaudhry, IA (reprint author), King Khalid Eye Specialist Hosp, Oculoplast & Orbit Div, POB 7191, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia. EM orbitdr@hotmail.com OI Chaudhry, Imtiaz/0000-0003-2148-9944 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD FEB PY 2007 VL 114 IS 2 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.07.059 PG 10 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 131CC UT WOS:000243844600024 PM 17270683 ER PT J AU Haji-saeed, B Khoury, J Woods, CL Pyburn, D Sengupta, SK Kierstead, J AF Haji-saeed, Bahareh Khoury, Jed Woods, Charles L. Pyburn, Dana Sengupta, Sandip K. Kierstead, John TI Mapping approach for image correction and processing for bidirectional resonant scanners SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE image restoration; scanners; image acquisition; image recording; image reconstruction; image processing; digital imaging AB We have developed a mapping algorithm for correcting sinusoidally scanned images from their distortions. Our algorithm is based on the close relationship between linear and sinusoidal scanning. Straightforward implementation of this algorithm showed that the mapped image has either missing lines or redundant lines. The missing lines were filled by fusing the mapped image with its median-filtered or interpolated version. The implementation of this algorithm shows that it is possible to retrieve up to 98% of the original image (depending on the algorithm used for data fusion) as measured by the recovered energy. Excellent correction was obtained for both simulated scanned images and actual images from a scanning laser radar system. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Lowell Elect Engn & Comp Engn Dept, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USAF, Res Lab, SNHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Haji-saeed, B (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Lowell Elect Engn & Comp Engn Dept, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 AR 027007 DI 10.1117/1.2434767 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 155YD UT WOS:000245613800045 ER PT J AU Caulfield, HJ Soref, RA Vikram, CS AF Caulfield, H. John Soref, Richard A. Vikram, Chandra S. TI Universal reconfigurable optical logic with silicon-on-insulator resonant structures SO PHOTONICS AND NANOSTRUCTURES-FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE integrated optical devices; logic devices; integrated optoelectronic circuits; logic-based optical processing; optical logic ID MICRORING RESONATORS; DEFLECTOR; MODULATOR; SWITCHES; LASER AB Two areas of intense current research, optical logic and silicon photonics, can be combined to create optical logic in silicon substrates. We describe a generic (universal) optical logic gate based on silicon components that can be programmed electronically to perform any logical operation on light beams confined in a silicon waveguide under control of the silicon electronics on the same chip. The effect is to create enhanced integration between optics and electronics. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Vikram, CS (reprint author), Fisk Univ, 1000 17th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM cvikram@fisk.edu NR 20 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4410 J9 PHOTONIC NANOSTRUCT JI Photonics Nanostruct. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 5 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.photonics.2006.08.001 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 140LU UT WOS:000244507500002 ER PT J AU Trinkle, DR AF Trinkle, D. R. TI Lattice and elastic constants of titanium-niobium monoborides containing aluminum and vanadium SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE elastic behavior; titanium alloys; transition metals; borides; density-functional ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; TI-TIB COMPOSITES; IN-SITU; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; B SYSTEM; ALLOYS; METALS AB First-principles electronic structures were used to compute the lattice and elastic constants of single-crystal TiB and NbB and changes with Nb, Ti, Al and V solutes. The data were built into an interpolation formula for lattice and elastic constants of the quartenary (TiNbAlV)B with dilute Al and V concentrations. The lattice and elastic constants of borides in two Ti alloys containing Nb and Al are predicted from microprobe measurements. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Trinkle, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dtrinkle@uiuc.edu RI Trinkle, Dallas/E-6609-2010 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 56 IS 4 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.10.030 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 120ZB UT WOS:000243124400006 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM Uchic, MD Trinkle, DR AF Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Rao, Satish I. Dimiduk, Dennis M. Uchic, Michael D. Trinkle, Dallas R. TI Contribution to size effect of yield strength from the stochastics of dislocation source lengths in finite samples SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE size; yield; stochastics; dislocation; source ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GOLD NANOWIRES; DEFORMATION; SCALE; DEPENDENCE AB Recent works show that the yield strength of metals increases steeply with decreasing sample size. In this work, it is shown that this sample size effect can be rationalized almost completely by considering the stochastics of dislocation source lengths in samples of finite size. The statistical first and second moments of the effective source length are derived as a function of sample size. The sample strength predicted from this effective length compares well with data. (c) 2006 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM triplicane.parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil RI Trinkle, Dallas/E-6609-2010; Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 18 TC 240 Z9 242 U1 5 U2 68 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 56 IS 4 BP 313 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.09.016 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 120ZB UT WOS:000243124400016 ER PT J AU Pimenta, AA Sahai, Y Bittencourt, JA Rich, FJ AF Pimenta, A. A. Sahai, Y. Bittencourt, J. A. Rich, F. J. TI Ionospheric plasma blobs observed by OI 630 nm all-sky imaging in the Brazilian tropical sector during the major geomagnetic storm of April 6-7, 2000 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL-SPREAD-F; AIRGLOW AB This paper presents first observations of plasma blobs ( localized plasma density enhancements) associated with large-scale plasma density depletions ( plasma bubbles) in the nighttime low-latitude F-region during a major geomagnetic disturbance. Ground-based observations of the OI 630 nm all-sky images obtained at Cachoeira Paulista (22.7 degrees S, 45.0 degrees W), Brazil, in the Appleton anomaly region, showed the presence of plasma blobs during the major geomagnetic storm of April 6 - 7, 2000 (Sigma Kp = 38 -/ 40+; \Dst\(max) = 288 nT). The OI 630 nm emission images were used to map the spatial and temporal locations of plasma blobs and bubbles in the bottomside of the F-region. The F-region parameters, presented in this work, were obtained from ionosondes operating near the same site and also at Sao Luis (2.6 degrees S, 44.4 degrees W), Brazil. Ionospheric plasma blobs and bubbles zonal drift velocities, measured by the all-sky imaging system, showed that both the plasma blobs and the bubbles moved westward ( normally the plasma drift is eastward during nighttime) on this magnetically disturbed night. Furthermore, the plasma blobs showed typically east-west and north-south extensions in the range of 110 160 km and 200 - 450 km, respectively. It appears that the DMSP-15 satellite, orbiting at about 850 km altitude, passed through one of the blobs detected by the ground-based observations on this night while crossing the Brazilian sector. This indicates the enormous altitude extent [ from about 275 km ( OI 630.0 nm emission) to 850 km ( DMSP satellite) altitude] of the localized plasma density enhanced regions. In this work, we present and discuss several features related to the dynamics of the localized plasma density enhancements and large-scale plasma density depletions during this major geomagnetic disturbance. C1 Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. Univ Vale Paraiba, Inst Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Pimenta, AA (reprint author), Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. EM pimenta@laser.inpe.br RI Sahai, Yogeshwar/C-4855-2012; Pimenta, Alexandre/C-6719-2012 NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 AR L02820 DI 10.1029/2006GL028529 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 131NH UT WOS:000243875500006 ER PT J AU Eitelberg, E Houpis, CH AF Eitelberg, Eduard Houpis, Constantine H. TI Isaac M. Horowitz: An essential singularity in the complex domain of control theory - In memoriam SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eitelberg@ukzn.ac.za NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1049-8923 J9 INT J ROBUST NONLIN JI Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control PD JAN 25 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1002/rnc.1110 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA 123RZ UT WOS:000243314600002 ER PT J AU Singamaneni, S Le Mieux, MC Jiang, H Bunning, TJ Tsukruk, VV AF Singamaneni, Srikanth Le Mieux, Melburne C. Jiang, Hao Bunning, Timothy J. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Negative thermal expansion in ultrathin plasma polymerized films SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; INTERNAL-STRESS; GLOW-DISCHARGE; THIN; SURFACES; REORGANIZATION; MICROSCOPY; NANOLAYERS; SILICON; LAYERS C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.Bunning@WPAFB.AF.MIL; vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI Singamaneni, Srikanth/A-8010-2008 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 23 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1021/cm0622093 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 126AA UT WOS:000243483400003 ER PT J AU Inan, US Golkowski, M Casey, MK Moore, RC Peter, W Kulkarni, P Kossey, P Kennedy, E Meth, S Smit, P AF Inan, U. S. Golkowski, M. Casey, M. K. Moore, R. C. Peter, W. Kulkarni, P. Kossey, P. Kennedy, E. Meth, S. Smit, P. TI Subionospheric VLF observations of transmitter-induced precipitation of inner radiation belt electrons SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; WAVE-GUIDE; WHISTLERS; MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; IONIZATION; SIGNALS; REGION AB Ionospheric effects of energetic electron precipitation induced by controlled injection of VLF signals from a ground based transmitter are observed via subionospheric VLF remote sensing. The 21.4 kHz NPM transmitter in Lualualei, Hawaii is keyed ON-OFF in 30 minute periodic sequences. The same periodicity is observed in the amplitude and phase of the sub ionospherically propagating signals of the 24.8 kHz NLK (Jim Creek, Washington) and 25.2 kHz NLM (LaMoure, North Dakota) transmitters measured at Midway Island. Periodic perturbations of the NLK signal observed at Palmer, Antarctica suggest that energetic electrons scattered at longitudes of NPM continue to be precipitated into the atmosphere as they drift toward the South Atlantic Anomaly. Utilizing a model of the magnetospheric wave-particle interaction, ionospheric energy deposition, and subionospheric VLF propagation, the precipitated energy flux induced by the NPM transmitter is estimated to peak at L similar to 2 and similar to 1.6 X 10(-4) ergs s(-1) cm(-2). C1 Stanford Univ, Space Telecommun & Radiosci Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Inan, US (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Space Telecommun & Radiosci Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM mag41@stanford.edu NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 23 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 2 AR L02106 DI 10.1029/2006GL028494 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 131NA UT WOS:000243874800008 ER PT J AU Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Mitchell, WD Landis, GR Berney, R Saxler, A AF Elhamri, S. Mitchel, W. C. Mitchell, W. D. Landis, G. R. Berney, R. Saxler, A. TI Study of the effects of an AlN interlayer on the transport properties of AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures grown on SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; PIEZOELECTRIC POLARIZATION; SCATTERING TIMES AB Transport measurements were used to characterize AlGaN/AlN/GaN/SiC. While the carrier concentration, n=9.2x10(12) cm(-2), remained relatively unchanged from 300 down to 1.2 K, the mobility increased from 2100 to over 3x10(4) cm(2)/V s. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations were observed in fields as low as 2 T. Despite the high n, quantum Hall plateaus, which are rarely reported in conventional AlGaN/GaN with comparable n, were observed. The calculated quantum scattering time of 0.28 ps is longer than what is typically reported for conventional AlGaN/GaN. This improvement is believed to be due to a reduction in alloy scattering. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Elhamri, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM said.elhamri@notes.udayton.edu NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 2007 VL 90 IS 4 AR 042112 DI 10.1063/1.2432300 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 130HC UT WOS:000243789600049 ER PT J AU Wecksler, SR Mikhailovsky, A Korystov, D Buller, F Kannan, R Tan, LS Ford, PC AF Wecksler, Stephen R. Mikhailovsky, Alexander Korystov, Dmitry Buller, Fabian Kannan, Ramamurthi Tan, Loon-Seng Ford, Peter C. TI Single- and two-photon properties of a dye-derivatized Roussin's red salt ester (Fe-2(mu-RS)(2)(NO)(4)) with a large TPA cross section SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; METAL NITROSYL COMPLEXES; NITRIC-OXIDE GENERATION; RELAXING FACTOR; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; PHOTOCHEMICAL DELIVERY; PENDANT CHROMOPHORES; IRON(III) PORPHYRIN; COORDINATED NITRITE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY AB The synthesis, characterization, photochemistry, and two-photon photophysical properties of a new dye-derivatized iron sulfur nitrosyl cluster Fe-2(mu-RS)(2)(NO)(4) (AFX-RSE, RS = 2-thioethyl ester of N-phenyl-N-(3-(2-ethoxy) phenyl)7-( benzothiazol-2-yl)-9,9-diethyl-fluoren-2-yl-amine) were investigated. Under continuous photolysis, AFX-RSE decomposes with modest quantum yields (Phi(diss) = (4.9 +/- 0.9) x 10(-3) at lambda(irr) = 436 nm) as measured from the loss of the nitrosyl bands in the IR absorbance spectrum. Nitric oxide ( NO) was qualitatively demonstrated to be photochemically produced via single-photon excitation through the use of an NO-specific electrode. Steady- state luminescence measurements have shown that AFX-RSE fluorescence is about 88% quenched relative to the model compound AF-tosyl. This is attributed to a relatively efficient energy transfer from the excited states of the antenna chromophores to the dinuclear metal center, with the subsequent production of NO. In addition, the two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections (delta) were measured for the AF-chromophores via the two-photon excitation (TPE) photoluminescence technique using a femtosecond excitation source. The TPA cross section of AFX-RSE was found with this technique to be delta = 246 +/- 8 GM (1 GM = 10(-50) cm(4) s photon(-1) molecule(-1)). C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Polymer Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; ford@chem.ucsb.edu RI Ford, Peter/D-1826-2011; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Ford, Peter/0000-0002-5509-9912; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 80 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 22 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1021/ic0607336 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 126AN UT WOS:000243484700015 PM 17279817 ER PT J AU Terry, NB Engel, KT Alley, TG Russell, TH AF Terry, Nathan B. Engel, Kevin T. Alley, Thomas G. Russell, Timothy H. TI Use of a continuous wave Raman fiber laser in graded-index multimode fiber for SRS beam combination SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; SCATTERING; CLEANUP AB We report using a Raman fiber laser ( RFL) based on a multimode graded-index fiber as a novel method for beam combination of two continuous wave pump beams. Due to stimulated Raman scattering, the RFL generates a Stokes beam which can be up to 300% brighter than the pump beams. Up to 5.8 W of Stokes power is generated with an optical conversion efficiency of 56%. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, ENP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Terry, NB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, ENP, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.alley@afit.edu NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 22 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 2 BP 602 EP 607 DI 10.1364/OE.15.000602 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 142WE UT WOS:000244680600041 PM 19532281 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A AF Jiao, C. Q. DeJoseph, C. A., Jr. Garscadden, A. TI Electron impact ionization and ion reactions in n-butane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE RADIOLYSIS; TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULE REACTIONS; HIGH-PRESSURE; ALKANES; AUTOIGNITION; EXCITATION; CHEMISTRY; PROPANE AB Absolute cross sections for electron impact ionization of n-butane (n-C4H10) as functions of electron energy from 10 to 200 eV have been measured by Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The major ions including the parent ion and eight fragment ions C2H3-5+, C3H3,5-7+ and C4H9+ are observed, with the total cross section reaching a maximum of 1.18 x 10(-15) cm(2) at similar to 80 eV. Studies of reactions of the major ionization product ions with n-C4H10 have been carried out, showing that C3H3+, C4H9+ and C4H10+ are unreactive while the remaining ions react readily forming C4H9+ as the common product ion by hydride transfer. The observed reactivities of C3H3+ and C3H6+ combined with the calculated reaction enthalpies for their hydride transfer suggest that these two ions have the structures of cyclo-C3H3+ and cyclo-C3H6+, respectively. C1 Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiao, CQ (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 2 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/40/2/018 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 129JQ UT WOS:000243725800019 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Kerans, RJ Chellapilla, S Roy, A AF Parthasarathy, T. A. Kerans, R. J. Chellapilla, S. Roy, A. TI Analysis of ceramics toughened by non-conventional fiber reinforcement SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE non-conventional fiber reinforcement; refractory ceramics; ultra-high temperature ceramics; bone-shaped short fiber; strength and toughness ID BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMICS; INTERFACIAL ROUGHNESS; THRESHOLD STRENGTH; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; LAMINAR CERAMICS; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; CRACKING AB Many refractory materials that are not readily available in fiber form, including ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTC), are attractive candidates for use in high temperature structural components. This work explores the possibility of using non-conventional fiber forms that can be fabricated by "fibrous monolith" techniques to design composites with high strength and toughness along with 2D isotropy. The use of low-aspect ratio bone-shaped short fibers (BSSF) to improve fracture toughness and the use of composition tailoring to increase fiber strength were analyzed and it was found that both concepts need to be used in combination to achieve significant toughening. Computational models using UHTC as model materials indicate, for example, that significant improvements in fracture toughness can be realized with an aspect ratio of just 15, but only if the fiber strengths can be raised to 1.5 GPa. The use of a single outer layer of lower thermal expansivity composition is predicted to increase low temperature strength by a factor of 2, while multilayers of reasonable thickness (10 mu m) result in strengthening by a factor of 3. For UHTCs, processing improvements that reduce flaw sizes will be necessary to take advantage of these results, but considerable improvement in properties can result from such progress. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. USAF, Res Lab, MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Triplicane.Parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 443 IS 1-2 BP 120 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.056 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 117VK UT WOS:000242901200017 ER PT J AU Siskaninetz, WJ Ehret, JE Albrecht, JD Bedford, RG Nelson, TR Lott, JA AF Siskaninetz, W. J. Ehret, J. E. Albrecht, J. D. Bedford, R. G. Nelson, T. R., Jr. Lott, J. A. TI Gigahertz modulation of GaAs-based bipolar cascade vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-QUANTUM-EFFICIENCY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE OPERATION; CW OPERATION; VCSEL AB The high-frequency modulation characteristics of GaAs-based bipolar cascade vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers operating at 980 nm with GaAs tunnel junctions and p -doped Al0.98Ga0.02As oxide apertures have been measured. We achieve -3 dB laser output modulations of 6.5 GHz for two-stage and 9.4 GHz for three-stage devices in response to small-signal current injection at an operating temperature of -50 degrees C. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Siskaninetz, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 2 BP 136 EP 138 DI 10.1364/OL.32.000136 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 123LZ UT WOS:000243298700010 PM 17186042 ER PT J AU Newell, PT Sotirelis, T Liou, K Meng, CI Rich, FJ AF Newell, P. T. Sotirelis, T. Liou, K. Meng, C. -I. Rich, F. J. TI A nearly universal solar wind-magnetosphere coupling function inferred from 10 magnetospheric state variables SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION BOUNDARIES; LONG-TERM AVERAGES; POLAR-CAP; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CURRENT SHEET; MAGNETOPAUSE; IONOSPHERE; RECONNECTION AB [1] We investigated whether one or a few coupling functions can represent best the interaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere over a wide variety of magnetospheric activity. Ten variables which characterize the state of the magnetosphere were studied. Five indices from ground-based magnetometers were selected, namely Dst, Kp, AE, AU, and AL, and five from other sources, namely auroral power ( Polar UVI), cusp latitude ( sin(Lambda(c))), b2i (both DMSP), geosynchronous magnetic inclination angle (GOES), and polar cap size (SuperDARN). These indices were correlated with more than 20 candidate solar wind coupling functions. One function, representing the rate magnetic flux is opened at the magnetopause, correlated best with 9 out of 10 indices of magnetospheric activity. This is d Phi (MP)/dt = v(4/3)B(T)(2/3) sin(8/3)(theta(c)/2), calculated from (rate IMF field lines approach the magnetopause, similar to v)(% of IMF lines which merge, sin(8/3)(theta(c)/2))( interplanetary field magnitude, B(T))(merging line length, similar to(B(MP)/B(T))(1/3)). The merging line length is based on flux matching between the solar wind and a dipole field and agrees with a superposed IMF on a vacuum dipole. The IMF clock angle dependence matches the merging rate reported (albeit with limited statistics) at high altitude. The nonlinearities of the magnetospheric response to BT and v are evident when the mean values of indices are plotted, in scatterplots, and in the superior correlations from d Phi(MP)/dt. Our results show that a wide variety of magnetospheric phenomena can be predicted with reasonable accuracy (r > 0.80 in several cases) ab initio, that is without the time history of the target index, by a single function, estimating the dayside merging rate. Across all state variables studied (including AL, which is hard to predict, and polar cap size, which is hard to measure), d Phi(MP)/dt accounts for about 57.2% of the variance, compared to 50.9% for E(KL) and 48.8% for vBs. All data sets included at least thousands of points over many years, up to two solar cycles, with just two parameter fits, and the correlations are thus robust. The sole index which does not correlate best with d Phi(MP)/dt is Dst, which correlates best (r = 0.87) with p(1/2)d Phi(MP)/dt. If d Phi(MP)/dt were credited with this success, its average score would be even higher. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Newell, PT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM patrick.newell@jhuapl.edu RI Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 NR 39 TC 209 Z9 217 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A1 AR A01206 DI 10.1029/2006JA012015 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 126RH UT WOS:000243532000002 ER PT J AU Whalen, JA AF Whalen, James A. TI Weather of the postsunset equatorial anomaly recorded daily during 2 years near solar maximum SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F; DRIFT VELOCITY; PLASMA BUBBLES; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB The maximum F layer electron density of the postsunset equatorial anomaly is the location of the most disruptive scintillation to transionospheric L band transmissions when intersected by an equatorial bubble. Because bubble occurrence is essentially random, the anomaly is studied here for evidence of the predictability of the magnitude of its electron density and therefore of the magnitude of scintillation in the event of bubble occurrence. Measurements are by ionospheric sounders in the western American sector daily for 2 years during solar maximum. This first description of the weather of the anomaly for such an extended duration displays also the major climatological dependences on season and on solar flux, both of which reflect the dependence on the maximum prereversal E x B drift velocity. The most significant finding is that the anomaly electron density varies at intervals of a few days continuously throughout the entire 2 years. Within these intervals, maximum-to-minimum ratios are from 2 to similar to 7 within overall magnitudes from 1 to similar to 7 x 10(6) el/cm(3). Although otherwise seemingly random, two extraordinary phenomena are evident. The first consists of extremely high magnitudes of electron density that recur for three solar rotations, the latitudinal profiles of which extend to midlatitudes and which are observed also in eastern Asia. The second, quasiperiodic variations of similar to 3 days, appear nearly continuously also through three solar rotations. Evidence that both result from variations of the maximum prereversal E x B drift velocity indicates the presence of two contrasting mechanisms affecting drift velocity. The high magnitudes have not been observed before, but the quasiperiodic variations are similar to those observed in the daytime anomaly, where they are attributed to oscillations in the neutral mesosphere. Whatever the mechanism, recurrence of the magnitude of the anomaly indicates the possibility that it may be predicted, and therefore conditions may be predicted under which scintillation can occur. C1 [Whalen, James A.] Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Whalen, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM james.whalen@hanscom.af.mil NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN 12 PY 2007 VL 5 IS 1 AR S01002 DI 10.1029/2006SW000235 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 261IP UT WOS:000253072600001 ER PT J AU Schrand, AM Huang, HJ Carlson, C Schlager, JJ Osawa, E Hussain, SM Dai, LM AF Schrand, Amanda M. Huang, Houjin Carlson, Cataleya Schlager, John J. Osawa, Eiji Hussain, Saber M. Dai, Liming TI Are diamond nanoparticles cytotoxic? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO TOXICITY; WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CELLS; NANODIAMONDS; RAT; HYDRAZINE; IMMOBILIZATION; KERATINOCYTES; TRANSPORTERS AB Finely divided carbon particles, including charcoal, lampblack, and diamond particles, have been used for ornamental and official tattoos since ancient times. With the recent development in nanoscience and nanotechnology, carbon-based nanomaterials (e.g., fullerenes, nanotubes, nanodiamonds) attract a great deal of interest. Owing to their low chemical reactivity and unique physical properties, nanodiamonds could be useful in a variety of biological applications such as carriers for drugs, genes, or proteins; novel imaging techniques; coatings for implantable materials; and biosensors and biomedical nanorobots. Therefore, it is essential to ascertain the possible hazards of nanodiamonds to humans and other biological systems. We have, for the first time, assessed the cytotoxicity of nanodiamonds ranging in size from 2 to 10 nm. Assays of cell viability such as mitochondrial function (MTT) and luminescent ATP production showed that nanodiamonds were not toxic to a variety of cell types. Furthermore, nanodiamonds did not produce significant reactive oxygen species. Cells can grow on nanodiamond-coated substrates without morphological changes compared to controls. These results suggest that nanodiamonds could be ideal for many biological applications in a diverse range of cell types. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NanoCarbon Res Inst Ltd, Chiba 2770882, Japan. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil; ldai@udayton.edu NR 42 TC 365 Z9 372 U1 12 U2 108 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 11 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 1 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1021/jp066387v PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 122LV UT WOS:000243229400002 PM 17201422 ER PT J AU Cohen, O Sokolov, IV Roussev, II Arge, CN Manchester, WB Gombosi, TI Frazin, RA Park, H Butala, MD Kamalabadi, F Velli, M AF Cohen, O. Sokolov, I. V. Roussev, I. I. Arge, C. N. Manchester, W. B. Gombosi, T. I. Frazin, R. A. Park, H. Butala, M. D. Kamalabadi, F. Velli, M. TI A semiempirical magnetohydrodynamical model of the solar wind SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interplanetary medium; methods : numerical; MHD; solar wind; Sun : evolution; Sun : magnetic fields ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; ALFVEN WAVES; MHD MODEL; CORONA; FLUX; SIMULATION; EVENT; SPEED; CME; SUN AB We present a new MHD model for simulating the large-scale structure of the solar corona and solar wind under "steady state" conditions stemming from the Wang-Sheeley-Arge empirical model. The processes of turbulent heating in the solar wind are parameterized using a phenomenological, thermodynamical model with a varied polytropic index. We employ the Bernoulli integral to bridge the asymptotic solar wind speed with the assumed distribution of the polytropic index on the solar surface. We successfully reproduce the mass flux from Sun to Earth, the temperature structure, and the large-scale structure of the magnetic field. We reproduce the solar wind speed bimodal structure in the inner heliosphere. However, the solar wind speed is in a quantitative agreement with observations at 1 AU for solar maximum conditions only. The magnetic field comparison demonstrates that the input magnetogram needs to be multiplied by a scaling factor in order to obtain the correct magnitude at 1 AU. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Cohen, O (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM oferc@umich.edu; iroussev@ifa.hawaii.edu; nick.arge@hanscom.af.mil; frazin@uiuc.edu; mvelli@jpl.nasa.gov RI Roussev, Ilia/E-9141-2011; Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; Manchester, Ward/I-9422-2012; Frazin, Richard/J-2625-2012; Sokolov, Igor/H-9860-2013; OI Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Sokolov, Igor/0000-0002-6118-0469; Cohen, Ofer/0000-0003-3721-0215 NR 27 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 654 IS 2 BP L163 EP L166 DI 10.1086/511154 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 124PV UT WOS:000243383000015 ER PT J AU Sandhu, SS Fellner, JP Brutchen, GW AF Sandhu, S. S. Fellner, J. P. Brutchen, G. W. TI Diffusion-limited model for a lithium/air battery with an organic electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium/air cell; transient model; organic electrolyte; diffusion-limited AB A diffusion-limited transient mathematical model for a lithium/air cell, with the air cathode pores flooded with an organic electrolyte, has been developed. During cell discharge, the cathode pore radius profile is reflective of the distribution of the lithium peroxide product in the cathode. The cathode pore radius profile has been predicted as a function of time, current density, oxygen gas pressure, and cathode thickness for an assumed initial porosity and average cathode pore size. Transient concentration profiles of the dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte were also determined. Capacities of the lithium/air cell were predicted and compared favorably with literature experimental results. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Plans & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sandhu, SS (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Sarwan.Sandhu@notes.udayton.edu NR 7 TC 115 Z9 120 U1 6 U2 111 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 10 PY 2007 VL 164 IS 1 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.099 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 128RF UT WOS:000243675300047 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Vaia, RA Krishnamoorti, R Farmer, BL AF Heinz, Hendrik Vaia, R. A. Krishnamoorti, R. Farmer, B. L. TI Self-assembly of alkylammonium chains on montmorillonite: Effect of chain length, head group structure, and cation exchange capacity SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MODIFIED LAYERED SILICATES; POLYMER MELT INTERCALATION; INTERLAYER STRUCTURE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ALKYL CHAINS; FORCE-FIELD; NANOCOMPOSITES; MICA AB The structure and dynamics of alkylammonium-modified montmorillonites with different cation exchange capacity (CEC), ammonium head groups, and chain length is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation for a large set of structures and compared to a wide array of experimental data. In the 44 systems, the relationship between computational (molecular dynamics) and experimental data (X-ray, IR, NMR, and DSC) was found to be very complementary. Much of the properties appear to be dictated through the inorganic-organic interface, which in addition to electrostatic interactions involves hydrogen bonds between primary ammonium head groups (NH(3)(+)-R) and oxygen on the silicate surface (O center dot center dot center dot H distance similar to 150 pm) or flexibly attached quaternary ammonium head groups (NMe(3)(+)-R) of higher lateral mobility (O center dot center dot center dot H distance similar to 290 pm). The gauche content is a function of the packing density of the head groups on the surface, the preferred orientation of the head groups, and the interlayer density of the alkyl chains. These effects cause up to 45% gauche conformations as compared to only 5% gauche conformations in chains with crystalline order. A low CEC leads to stepwise increases of the basal plane spacing with increasing chain length, corresponding to the subsequent formation of alkyl monolayers, bilayers, trilayers, etc., while a high CEC leads to a continuous increase in basal plane spacing with increasing chain length. The density of the organic interlayer space between two silicate layers shows minima for emerging new layers of alkyl chains and maxima for densely packed layers. These fluctuations decrease as the number of layers increases. On an isolated clay mineral surface, layer formation of the surfactants is also found and lateral 2D diffusion constants range from 5 x 10(-6) cm(2)/s to < 10(-9) cm(2)/s depending on the structure of the surfactant. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Heinz, H (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/F-7914-2011; Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Krishnamoorti, Ramanan/0000-0001-5831-502X; Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 67 TC 161 Z9 167 U1 6 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN 9 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1021/cm062019s PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 121KT UT WOS:000243157200010 ER PT J AU Schneider, S Gerken, M Haiges, R Schroer, T Boatz, JA Dixon, DA Grant, DJ Christe, KO AF Schneider, Stefan Gerken, Michael Haiges, Ralf Schroer, Thorsten Boatz, Jerry A. Dixon, David A. Grant, Daniel J. Christe, Karl O. TI Synthesis and characterization of silyldichloramines, their reactions with F(-) ions, instability of N(2)Cl(2) and NCl(2)(-), and formation of NCl(3) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SFERE CHETYREKHVALENTNOI PLATINY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; REAKTSIONNOI SPOSOBNOSTI-AMMIAKA; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ORBITAL METHODS; ATOMS ALUMINUM; NITROGEN; ARGON; HEXAFLUOROARSENATE AB Only two silyldichloramines, (C(6)H(5))(3)SiNCl(2) and (CH(3))(3)SiNCl(2), have been reported in the literature. The synthesis of the former was successfully repeated, and its structure was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy. Attempts to prepare (CH(3))(3)SiNCl(2) were unsuccessful; however, a new trialkylsilyldichloramine, t-BuMe(2)Si-NCl(2), was prepared and characterized by Raman and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of t-BuMe(2)SiNCl(2) with (CH(3))(4)NF in CHF(3) solution at -78 degrees C, followed by removal of all volatile products at -30 degrees C, produced the expected t-BuMe(2)SiF byproduct and a white solid consisting of NCl(3) absorbed on Me(4)NCl. The NCl(3) could be reversibly desorbed from the substrate and was identified as a neat liquid at room temperature by Raman spectroscopy. The observed final reaction products are consistent with the formation of an unstable N(CH(3))(4)(+)NCl(2)(-) intermediate which decomposes to N(CH(3))(4)(+)Cl(-) and NCl molecules which can dimerize to N(2)Cl(2). Theoretical calculations confirm that NCl(2)(-) can readily lose Cl(-) and that N(2)Cl(2) also possesses a low barrier toward loss of N(2) to give chlorine atoms and, thus, can account for the formation of NCl(3). C1 Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Schneider, S (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM stefan.schneider@edwards.af.mil; kchriste@usc.edu RI Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014 OI Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519 NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 8 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1021/ic0609103 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 121KS UT WOS:000243157100013 PM 17198416 ER PT J AU Lau, YY Luginsland, JW Cartwright, KL Haworth, MD AF Lau, Y. Y. Luginsland, J. W. Cartwright, K. L. Haworth, M. D. TI Role of ions in a crossed-field diode SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POWER MICROWAVE SOURCES; MAGNETIC INSULATION; PLASMA; PERFORMANCE; TRANSPORT; DRIVEN; CODES; BEAM; FLOW; GAP AB The effect of ions in a magnetically insulated crossed-field gap is studied using a single particle orbit model, shear flow model, and particle-in-cell simulation. It is found that, in general, the presence of ions in a crossed-field gap always increases the electrons' excursion toward the anode region, regardless of the location of the ions. Thus, the rate at which the electrons migrate toward the anode, which is a measure of the diode closure rate, is related to the rate at which ions are introduced into the crossed-field gap. This anode migration of electrons is unrelated to crossed-field ambipolar diffusion. The implications of these findings are explored, such as pulse shortening in relativistic magnetrons and bipolar flows in pulsed-power systems. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NumerEx, Ithaca, NY USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Lau, YY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 5 PY 2007 VL 98 IS 1 AR 015002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.015002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 124OY UT WOS:000243379700025 PM 17358481 ER PT B AU McNiel, CM Peltier, DW Reeder, MF Crafton, JW AF McNiel, C. M. Peltier, D. W. Reeder, M. F. Crafton, J. W. GP IEEE TI Clean seeding for Particle Image Velocimetry SO 2007 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INSTRUMENTATION IN AEROSPACE SIMULATION FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Aerosp, Elec Syst Soc, AIAA AB Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a flow velocity measurement technique in which small seed particles are inserted into a flow and tracked through photography. Traditional PIV techniques utilize solid or liquid seed particles that can persist in closed circuit wind tunnels and corrode or damage components of the tunnel or model. Solid carbon dioxide (CO2) is an alternative seed material that neither persists in closed loop wind tunnels nor damages any tunnel components. This research effort demonstrates the viability of CO2 as a PIV seed material in a supersonic blow down tunnel. Experiments were conducted with an empty test section, a cavity flow and a cone model present in the test section. For the empty test section, the results compare to within 4% of the velocity predicted by one dimensional isentropic flow models. In addition, experiments were conducted for a cavity flow regime and for flow around a cone model. These additional experiments all qualitatively demonstrated expected flow characteristics. C1 [McNiel, C. M.; Peltier, D. W.; Reeder, M. F.] USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crafton, J. W.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP McNiel, CM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1599-1 PY 2007 BP 62 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD70 UT WOS:000252358500008 ER PT B AU McGaha, C Reeder, MF AF McGaha, C. Reeder, M. F. GP IEEE TI Filtered Rayleigh Scattering-based concentration measurements for a horizontal buoyant jet SO 2007 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INSTRUMENTATION IN AEROSPACE SIMULATION FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Aerosp, Elec Syst Soc, AIAA ID VELOCITY; FIELD AB Filtered Rayleigh Scattering (FRS) is a non-intrusive technique which is used to study a variety of flowfields. It utilizes a narrow linewidth laser, an absorption filter, and a detector. The laser illuminates the flowfield and molecular scattering provides the signal to the camera. The difference in molecular cross section can be used to discriminate between unmixed gaseous components. The focus of this research is to document the behavior of a horizontal buoyant jet of gaseous helium using FRS. Despite its simplicity, the behavior of the near field of horizontal buoyant jets is sparsely described in the literature compared to vertical buoyant jets. Gross features, such as jet core trajectory and gross mixing rate are generally characterized using Reynolds number (Re) and Grashof number (Gr), and are presented herein as well. The FRS system for this research consists of a continuous Coherent Argon Sabre R Series Ion Laser, an iodine absorption filter, and a PCO.4000 camera. A helium jet of precisely controlled mass flow rate is flows through a tube into the surrounding ambient laboratory with a very low velocity co-flow of particle free air. The behavior of jets with Reynolds numbers under 1000 are described in this report. Our results of our study show a clear expulsion of core fluid in the form of side jets, consistent with helical mode excitation. The pattern of core fluid expulsion is striking and apparently is Reynolds number dependent. Additionally, the trajectory and mixing characteristics of the buoyant jet were analyzed as a function of downstream distance. A significant portion of this study is dedicated to measuring the rate at which FRS data can be acquired with a continuous wave laser. Exposure times as small as 0.01 seconds provided some data, though most of the analysis was performed for longer time exposures to improve the signal to noise ratio. C1 [McGaha, C.; Reeder, M. F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McGaha, C (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1599-1 PY 2007 BP 147 EP 153 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD70 UT WOS:000252358500018 ER PT B AU Like, E Wu, ZQ Chakravarthy, V Su, W AF Like, Eric Wu, Zhiqiang Chakravarthy, Vasu Su, Wei GP IEEE TI Modulation recognition in fading channels using higher order cyclic cumulants SO 2007 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE RADIO ORIENTED WIRELESS NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications CY AUG 01-03, 2007 CL Orlando, FL AB In this paper, we investigate the performance of a cyclic cumulant (CC) based modulation classifier for digital communication signals in flat fading channels. The proposed system assumes no a priori information regarding the signal's carrier frequency, symbol rate, or phase. For this reason, the classifier employs cyclic cumulants (CC) of different orders which are shown to be insensitive to unknown signal statistics. To capitalize on the relative strengths of different orders of CC, a hierarchical design is implemented. To further increase performance in fading channels, several multi-antenna combining schemes are investigated and compared, and are shown to provide significant performance gains over the single antenna case. C1 [Like, Eric] AF Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Su, Wei] US Army RDECOM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Like, E (reprint author), AF Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0814-6 PY 2007 BP 258 EP + DI 10.1109/CROWNCOM.2007.4549807 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIF27 UT WOS:000259083700036 ER PT B AU Ravindran, K Kwiat, KA AF Ravindran, K. Kwiat, K. A. GP IEEE TI A middleware architecture for replica voting on fuzzy data in dependable real-time systems SO 2007 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS SOFTWARE & MIDDLEWARE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Communication Systems Software and Middleware CY JAN 07-12, 2007 CL Bangalore, INDIA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, CreateNet, ACM, sigmobile, sasken, Infosys, WIPRO, intel, IBM, NOKIA, Agere Syst, Alcatel Lucent, MOTOROLA, ALMT Legal, Univ AEROSPACE, Indian Inst Sci DE majority voting; sensor replication; malicious faults; large data dimensionality; confusion probability; voter asynchrony AB Majority voting among replicated data collection devices enhances the trust-worthiness of data flowing from a hostile external environment. It allows a correct data fusion and dissemination by the end-users, in the presence of content corruptions and/or timing failures that may possibly occur during data collection. In addition, a device may operate on fuzzy inputs, thereby generating a data that occasionally deviates from the reference datum in physical world. In this paper, we provide a QoS-oriented approach to manage the data flow through various system elements. The application-level QoS parameters we consider are timeliness and accuracy of data. The underlying protocol-level parameters that influence data delivery performance are the data sizes, network bandwidth, device asynchrony, and data fuzziness. A replica voting protocol takes into account the interplay between these parameters as the faulty behavior of malicious devices unfolds in various forms during data collection. Our QoS-oriented approach casts the well-known fault-tolerance techniques, namely, 2-phase voting, with control mechanisms that adapt the data delivery to meet the endto-end constraints - such as latency, data integrity, and resource cost. The paper describes a middleware architecture to realize our QoS-oriented approach to the management of replicated data flows. C1 [Ravindran, K.] CUNY, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Kwiat, K. A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Ravindran, K (reprint author), CUNY, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM ravi@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; kwiatk@rl.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0613-5 PY 2007 BP 71 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT57 UT WOS:000250423200011 ER PT B AU Sabbir, A Ravindran, K Kwiat, KA AF Sabbir, A. Ravindran, K. Kwiat, K. A. GP IEEE TI Secure distributed agreement protocols for information assurance applications SO 2007 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS SOFTWARE & MIDDLEWARE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Communication Systems Software and Middleware CY JAN 07-12, 2007 CL Bangalore, INDIA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, CreateNet, ACM, sigmobile, sasken, Infosys, WIPRO, intel, IBM, NOKIA, Agere Syst, Alcatel Lucent, MOTOROLA, ALMT Legal, Univ AEROSPACE, Indian Inst Sci DE distributed coordination; faulty process behaviors; group membership management; authenticated message flows; mutual process anonymity AB Distributed agreement protocols among a group of application processes are often built upon atomic multi-cast message delivery guarantees. Issues arise however when agreement protocols are realized in Information Assurance (IA) settings where extreme failure behaviors such as send-omission of processes and message timeliness violations are likely. The issues are compounded by security weaknesses in the communication software that make it easier for intruders to stage attacks. These issues impact the design of agreement protocols, which have hitherto assumed only benign failures such as process crash and network message loss/delay. In this paper, we revisit the distributed agreement problem, taking into account the IA dimension as well. Our study reveals the need for a secure centralized entity to realize the group decision-making and state coordination functions. Two functions are studied: dynamic group membership management to exclude non-cooperating members from the group and security-reinforced communications to enforce mutual anonymity of members. Our paper walks through a state-machine based realization of distributed agreements using secure atomic multicast protocol as an underlying communication substrate. The use of our approach in IA applications is also described. C1 [Sabbir, A.] Independent Univ Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. [Ravindran, K.] CUNY, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Kwiat, K. A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Sabbir, A (reprint author), Independent Univ Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM alisabbir@iub.edu.bd; ravi@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; kwiatk@rl.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0613-5 PY 2007 BP 890 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BGT57 UT WOS:000250423200116 ER PT B AU Strunce, R Sorensen, B Mann, T AF Strunce, Robert Sorensen, Barbara Mann, Thomas GP IEEE TI Training and tactical operationally responsive space (ORS) operations (TATOO) SO 2007 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SPACE TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies CY JUN 14-16, 2007 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE AB The "Training and Tactical Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) Operations" (TATOO) Classroom/Laboratory is currently being developed by Star Technologies Corporation under the direction of the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory / Human Effectiveness (AFRL/HE) Directorate. This paper will discuss the laboratory hardware and software being created to give voice to the Warfighter's interaction with Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) satellites. The goal of the TATOO laboratory is to provide an environment for the development of procedures and protocol for tasking tactical satellites as well as an environment for training the Warfighter on the tasking process. ORS systems aim to provide operational space capabilities, as well as flexibility and responsiveness to the theater that do not exist today. ORS communication, navigation and ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) satellites are designed to replace or supplement existing systems in order to enhance the current space force. These systems intend to rapidly meet near term space needs of the tactical forces. The ORS concept includes new tactical satellites specifically designed to support contingency operations such as increased communication bandwidth, and ISR imagery over the theater for a limited period to support air, ground, and naval force missions. The full potential of ORS is to support in-theater tactical forces to develop satellite tasking, data retrieval, and interface capabilities for mission operations from a Warfighter centered perspective, and to develop realistic training and simulation that allows development, demonstration, and assessment of ORS tactical Concept of Operations (CONOPS). The TATOO objectives are to support in-theater commanders and warfighters by revising and exercising the ORS mission CONOPS for in-theater tasking, scheduling, interface and data retrieval for tactical satellites. TATOO provides a laboratory/classroom environment for the development, testing, and evaluation of ORS Tactical Mission CONOPS for in-theater ORS operations to: Develop a user interface and protocol for the easy tasking of ORS Satellites Emulate major in-theater satellite mission control components including-Tactical Ground Stations,Tactical Mission Tasking Operations, & Warfighter support systems Emulate in-theater communications with local area network to provide connectivity Simulate tactical satellite operations, dynamics, and data collection with Spacecraft Design Tool. The potential TATOO benefits are to: Develop training materials and a process for the tasking of ORS Satellites by the Warfighter Work with the Warfighter to ensure that their needs are met Support the ability to rapidly design, fabricate, test and launch a responsive tactical satellite within a six day window Provide realistic training and simulation capabilities that will allow development, demonstration, and assessment of ORS tactical CONOPS Allow distributed mission teams to interact in day-to-day satellite operational control through the Virtual Mission Operations Center (VMOC) Support the operational side of ORS and merge with the revolutionary ORS spacecraft development and deployment processes to make the ORS paradigm a reality Enable in-theater interactive training exercises that promote training of in-theater personnel. C1 [Strunce, Robert; Mann, Thomas] Star Techol Inc, Great Falls, VA 22066 USA. [Sorensen, Barbara] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. RP Strunce, R (reprint author), Star Techol Inc, Great Falls, VA 22066 USA. EM robertstrunce@sdt-startech.com; barbara.sorensen@mesa.afmc.mil; tommann@sdt-startech.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1056-9 PY 2007 BP 93 EP + DI 10.1109/RAST.2007.4284106 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BGV58 UT WOS:000250805000021 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Cost cumulant-based control for a class of linear-quadratic tracking problems SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY ID PROTECTION; PARADIGM AB The topic of cost-cumulant control is currently receiving substantial research from the theoretical community oriented toward stochastic control theory. For instance, the present paper extends the application of cost-cumulant controller design to control of a wide class of linear-quadratic tracking systems where output measurements of a tracker follow as closely as possible a desired trajectory via a complete statistical description of the associated integral-quadratic performance-measure. It is shown that the tracking problem can be solved in two parts: one, a feedback control whose optimization criterion representing a linear combination of finite cumulant indices of an integral-quadratic performance-measure associated to a linear tracking stochastic system over a finite horizon, is determined by a set of Riccati-type differential equations; two, an affine control which takes into account of dynamics mismatched between a desired trajectory and tracker states, is found by solving an auxiliary set of differential equations (incorporating the desired trajectory) backward from a stable final time. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 998 EP 1003 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258800165 ER PT S AU Ceccarelli, N Enright, JJ Frazzoli, E Rasmussen, SJ Schumacher, CJ AF Ceccarelli, Nicola Enright, John J. Frazzoli, Emilio Rasmussen, Steven J. Schumacher, Corey J. GP IEEE TI Micro UAV path planning for reconnaissance in wind SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY AB The problem addressed in this paper is the control of a Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (MAV) for the purpose of obtaining video footage of a set of known ground targets with preferred azimuthal viewing angles, using fixed onboard cameras. Control is exercised only through the selection of waypoints, without modification of the MAV's pre-existing autopilot and waypoint following capability. Specifically, we investigate problems and potential solutions of performing this task in the presence of a known constant wind. Simulations are provided in the presence of randomly perturbed wind, based on the Air Force Research Laboratory equipment and the high fidelity simulator MultiL(A)V2. C1 [Ceccarelli, Nicola; Rasmussen, Steven J.; Schumacher, Corey J.] USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ceccarelli, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Nicola.Ceccarelli@afmcx.net; jenright@ucla.edu; frazzoli@mit.edu; Steven.Rasmussen@wpafb.af.mil; Corey.Schumacher@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 2059 EP 2064 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258801106 ER PT S AU Toussaint, GJ De Lima, P Pack, DJ AF Toussaint, Gregory J. De Lima, Pedro Pack, Daniel J. GP IEEE TI Localizing RF targets with cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY AB Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an important and expanding role in both civilian and military missions, such as search and rescue, intelligence collection, surveillance, or reconnaissance. Currently, UAVs require human operators to control and direct their flights and sensors. To expand their effectiveness and exploit their inherent capabilities, we seek to develop robust techniques for multiple UAVs to cooperatively operate without direct human control. Our current research interest is to develop algorithms and simulate techniques to enable UAVs to search for, detect, and locate mobile ground targets emitting radio frequency signals. This paper investigates the task of combining sensor data from multiple UAVs to obtain accurate and reliable target locations. The sensors collect only coarse angle-of-arrival information and we apply Kalman filtering techniques to estimate the angle to the target. The estimated angles from multiple UAVs are sufficient to develop control laws for the UAVs to converge on an orbit about the target and collect additional measurements to further improve the estimation of the target's position. We explore a sensor fusion process embedded in a simple control law that allows multiple UAVs to cooperate in the target localization task and coordinate their motion using a leader-follower approach. We demonstrate the cooperative sensing techniques using simulation results. C1 [Toussaint, Gregory J.; De Lima, Pedro; Pack, Daniel J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, USAF Acad, CO USA. RP Toussaint, GJ (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, USAF Acad, CO USA. EM gregory.toussaint@usafa.af.mil; pedro.lima.ctr@usafa.af.mil; daniel.pack@usafa.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 3113 EP 3118 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258802045 ER PT S AU Saunders, JB Rasmussen, SJ Schumacher, CJ AF Saunders, Jeffery B. Rasmussen, Steven J. Schumacher, Corey J. GP IEEE TI Combining collision avoidance and operator workload reduction with cooperative task assignment and path planning SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY AB This paper develops a method of assignment and path allocation that incorporates a priori collision avoidance and operator workload reduction in assigning multiple tasks to cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The problem is posed as a combinatorial optimization problem. A branch and bound tree search algorithm is implemented for a satisficing solution using a cost function that integrates distance travelled, proximity to other UAVs, and target visitation times. The results demonstrate that the assigned path is near optimal with respect to distance travelled, significantly increases the expected proximity distance to other UAVs, and significantly increases the difference between visitation times of targets. The algorithm runs in less than a tenth of a second allowing on the fly replanning. C1 [Saunders, Jeffery B.; Rasmussen, Steven J.; Schumacher, Corey J.] USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Saunders, JB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.rasmussen@wpafb.af.mil; corey.schumacher@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 3603 EP 3608 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258802126 ER PT S AU Harvey, SA Balas, M Chavez, F Robertson, LR AF Harvey, S. A. Balas, M. Chavez, F. Robertson, L. R. GP IEEE TI A gradient estimation scheme of an external unknown torque on a satellite SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY ID ATTITUDE; IDENTIFICATION; TRACKING AB Inherent among newly developed "plug and play" satellites will be errors in measurement and placement of the devices-sensors and actuators-on the satellite. Other uncertainties also arise due to the unprecise nature of plug and play (PNP) satellites. One of these uncertainties is the body frame to the orbit frame transformation. Not knowing this transformation makes it difficult to accurately model the gravity gradient's influence on the satellite. An adaptive algorithm for the gravity gradient estimation problem is presented. C1 [Harvey, S. A.; Balas, M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. [Chavez, F.; Robertson, L. R.] US Air Force, Res Lab Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Harvey, SA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82072 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB FX This research was supported by Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 3992 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258802189 ER PT S AU VanZwieten, TS Bower, GM Lacy, SL AF VanZwieten, Tannen S. Bower, Gregory M. Lacy, Seth L. GP IEEE TI Data-based control of a free-free beam in the presence of uncertainty SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY AB System uncertainty can arise from a number of sources including disturbances, noise, unmodeled dynamics, and nonlinearities. Linear control design techniques typically neglect uncertainty in the system response. This may result in a reduction in performance or even instability of the closed loop system. The goal of this research is to account for measured uncertainty in control design. In contrast with standard robust control design techniques, our approach is to tune a baseline controller using a cost function that balances performance and robustness given measured system uncertainty. The frequency-domain Data-Based Uncertainty Accommodating Control approach is demonstrated on a free-free beam. C1 [VanZwieten, Tannen S.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Bower, Gregory M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lacy, Seth L.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP VanZwieten, TS (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM tvanzwie@uwyo.edu; Fox-13@psu.edu; seth.lacy@kirtland.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 4214 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258802226 ER PT S AU Girard, AR Dharba, S Pachter, M Chandler, PR AF Girard, Anouck R. Dharba, Swaroop Pachter, Meir Chandler, Phillip R. GP IEEE TI Stochastic dynamic programming for uncertainty handling in UAV operations SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY AB We present strategies for decision making under uncertainty and adversary action modeling for small UAV operations. Uncertainty comes from the stochastic nature of the environment and from incomplete knowledge of adversary actions/behaviors. A stochastic dynamic programming approach is used to optimize (continuous) resource allocation (fuel reserves) in the face of uncertainty. Different scenarios for adversary responses are considered and analyzed in simulation. C1 [Girard, Anouck R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dharba, Swaroop] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Engn Mech, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Dharba, Swaroop] US Air Force, Res Lab, VACA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, Meir] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chandler, Phillip R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, VACA, Flight Control Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Girard, AR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM anouck@umich.edu; swaroop.dharba@wpafb.af.mil; meir.pachter@afit.edu; philip.chandler@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL/VACA FX This work was supported by AFRL/VACA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 4873 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258803103 ER PT S AU Purvis, KB Chandler, PR AF Purvis, Keith B. Chandler, Phillip R. GP IEEE TI A review of recent algorithms and a new and improved cooperative control design for generating a phantom track SO 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th American Control Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL New York, NY AB For a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to deceive a radar network by generating a phantom track requires a high degree of cooperation due to: 1) dynamic constraints imposed mainly by the UAVs and 2) strong coupling caused by the phantom track. We first review three works that have addressed this problem, namely two one-step look-ahead algorithms and an optimal solution with full time horizon; original simulations of each are included. Second, since the one-step algorithms do not satisfy the UAV and/or phantom constraints in many cases, we design a new algorithm that does, as shown by simulations. Finally, we add a feasibility guarantee for the UAV constraints and modify the algorithm so that an operator can dynamically update the virtual waypoint for the phantom. C1 [Purvis, Keith B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chandler, Phillip R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Purvis, KB (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM kpurvis@engineering.ucsb.edu; phillip.chandler@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-0988-4 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2007 BP 5998 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BHD12 UT WOS:000252258804132 ER PT B AU Liu, X Sebo, SA Kasten, DG Schweickart, DL Grosjean, DF AF Liu, X. Sebo, S. A. Kasten, D. G. Schweickart, D. L. Grosjean, D. F. GP IEEE TI Partial discharges at sub-atmospheric pressures - Methods of analysis of experimental results SO 2007 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena CY OCT 14-17, 2007 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc AB Partial discharge (PD) phenomena have been studied under low pressure environment at pressures in the range of 101.3 kPa (760 Torr) to 0.27 kPa (2 Torr). This paper discusses two main representations of PD measurement results (time-resolved data representation and phase-resolved data representation), and their relevant analysis techniques used for low pressure PD applications. C1 [Liu, X.; Sebo, S. A.; Kasten, D. G.] Amer Elect Power Co, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. [Liu, X.; Sebo, S. A.; Kasten, D. G.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Schweickart, D. L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grosjean, D. F.] ISSI, Innovat Sci Solut, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Amer Elect Power Co, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. EM xcliu@aep.com FU SBIR Program of the Air Force [FA8650-04-C-2485] FX Authors gratefully acknowledge the SBIR Program of the Air Force as the funding source of this project, under contract FA8650-04-C-2485. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1481-9 PY 2007 BP 183 EP + DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2007.4451574 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHM48 UT WOS:000254276700043 ER PT B AU Kirawanich, P Yakura, SJ Islam, NE AF Kirawanich, Phumin Yakura, Susumu J. Islam, Naz E. GP IEEE TI Aperture-cable Interaction Study through a Modified Electromagnetic Topology Approach SO 2007 ASIA PACIFIC MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE Asia Pacific Microwave Conference-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asia Pacific Microwave Conference CY DEC 11-14, 2007 CL Bangkok, THAILAND DE electromagnetic topology; aperture interaction; transmission-line network AB This paper introduces a modified electromagnetic topological (EMT) scheme for aperture-cable interaction simulation. By introducing modular junctions, the modified simulation scheme substitutes the multi-step computational process presented earlier without ignoring backscattering interactions. This method also permits for modifications in the substructural level without re-simulating the entire system. The results of the modified simulation scheme have been validated through experiments for aperture transmission and the induced currents on the cable near the aperture. The simulated and measured field and currents resulted in good agreement with each other. C1 [Kirawanich, Phumin; Islam, Naz E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Yakura, Susumu J.] Kirtland AFB, AFRL DEHE, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kirawanich, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM kirawanichp@missouri.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0748-4 J9 ASIA PACIF MICROWAVE PY 2007 BP 447 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIO52 UT WOS:000261353300115 ER PT B AU Havrilla, MJ Hyde, MW AF Havrilla, M. J. Hyde, M. W. GP IEEE TI Dyadic Green Function of an Imperfectly-Conducting Dual Waveguide Probe SO 2007 ASIA PACIFIC MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE Asia Pacific Microwave Conference-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asia Pacific Microwave Conference CY DEC 11-14, 2007 CL Bangkok, THAILAND ID FREQUENCIES; REFLECTION AB Single rectangular waveguide probes are frequently employed in characterizing the permittivity of dielectric materials. A new dual rectangular waveguide probe is explored here for simultaneously extracting both permittivity and permeability of a lossy shielding material having dielectric and magnetic properties and backed by a conductor. The material characterization process is facilitated using a magnetic field integral equation formulation which is subsequently solved using the method of moments. The effects of an imperfectly-conducting backing is accommodated through the development of a dyadic Green's function based upon an impedance boundary condition. Experimental measurements of various materials will be performed to validate the analysis. C1 [Havrilla, M. J.; Hyde, M. W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havrilla, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0748-4 J9 ASIA PACIF MICROWAVE PY 2007 BP 1302 EP 1305 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIO52 UT WOS:000261353300332 ER PT B AU Li, Y Naderi, NA Xin, YC Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Li, Y. Naderi, N. A. Xin, Y. -C. Kovanis, V. Lester, L. F. GP IEEE TI Two-section quantum dot lasers with 20-dB modulation efficiency improvement SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB A 20-dB enhancement in the amplitude modulation efficiency and a gain lever of 30 is observed in a two-section quantum dot laser. A novel modulation response equation is derived to explain the device behavior. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Y.; Naderi, N. A.; Xin, Y. -C.; Lester, L. F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Kovanis, V.] US Air Force, Res Lab, SNDP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM yanli@chtm.unm.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Army Advanced Sensors CTA FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Army Advanced Sensors CTA. The project was carried out by Nanoscience @ UNM, a node of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN). NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 143 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000072 ER PT B AU Xue, L Brueck, SRJ Kaspi, R AF Xue, Liang Brueck, S. R. J. Kaspi, R. GP IEEE TI CW, High Power, Single-Longitudinal-Mode Operation of an Optically Pumped Mid-IR DFB Laser SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASERS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE OPERATION; CASCADE LASERS; MU-M AB A CW, single-longitudinal-mode, optically pumped mid-IR distributed-feedback antimonide-based type-II quantum-well laser at 3.62 mu m is demonstrated. Record high output powers, > 300 mW per side, and tunability of 5.5 nm are obtained at 77 K. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Xue, Liang; Brueck, S. R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Xue, Liang] Univ New Mexico, ECE Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Kaspi, R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Xue, L (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM xueliang@unm.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 372 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000188 ER PT B AU Shay, TM Benham, V Baker, JT Sanchez, AD Pilkington, D Nelson, D Lu, CA AF Shay, T. M. Benham, Vincent Baker, J. T. Sanchez, Anthony D. Pilkington, D. Nelson, Douglas Lu, Chunte A. GP IEEE TI First Experimental Demonstration of Fiber Amplifier Array Phase Locking without an External Reference Beam SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB A novel, highly accurate, all electronic architecture for phase locking arrays of optical fibers without a reference beam is demonstrated. The measured phase error is lambda/20 for both passive fibers and for fiber amplifier arrays. C1 [Shay, T. M.; Sanchez, Anthony D.; Pilkington, D.; Lu, Chunte A.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Benham, Vincent] IIT Ind, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Baker, J. T.] Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shay, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 905 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000455 ER PT B AU Shay, TM AF Shay, T. M. GP IEEE TI Theoretical Model for Self-Synchronous Locking of Optical Coherence by Single-detector Electronic-Frequency Tagging SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID FIBER; ARRAYS AB The first theory for a novel coherent beam combination architectures that completely eliminate the separate reference beam are presented. These architectures greatly simplify the phase locking system without compromising phase locking performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Shay, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 907 EP 908 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000456 ER PT B AU Polynkin, P Klein, L Rhoadarmer, T Peleg, A Moloney, J AF Polynkin, Pavel Klein, Laura Rhoadarmer, Troy Peleg, Avner Moloney, Jerome GP IEEE TI Optimized Multi-Emitter Beams for Free-Space Optical Communications through Atmospheric Turbulence SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID PARTIALLY COHERENT BEAMS; GAUSSIAN-BEAM; PROPAGATION; DEGRADATION AB We report an experimental study of scintillations in a free-space optical communication channel with turbulence. Using optimized multi-emitter beams results in a substantial reduction of scintillation index. Experimental results agree with calculations based on Rytov theory. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Polynkin, Pavel] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Klein, Laura; Rhoadarmer, Troy] Starfire Opt Range, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Peleg, Avner; Moloney, Jerome] Univ Arizona, Arizona Ctr Math Studies, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Polynkin, P (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ppolynkin@optics.arizona.edu FU US AFOSR [FA9550-04-1-0213.] FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from US AFOSR under contract FA9550-04-1-0213. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1007 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000506 ER PT B AU Kuzucu, O Wong, FNC Zelmon, DE Hegde, SM Roberts, TD Battle, P AF Kuzucu, Onur Wong, Franco N. C. Zelmon, David E. Hegde, Shrikrishna M. Roberts, Tony D. Battle, Philip GP IEEE TI Pulsed Picosecond UV Source by Frequency Quadrupling SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID POLED LITHIUM TANTALATE; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION AB We report efficient picosecond UV generation by means of frequency quadrupling of an amplified picosecond fiber laser. This narrowband 390-nm source with 250 mW is suitable for a number of quantum information processing tasks. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Kuzucu, Onur; Wong, Franco N. C.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Zelmon, David E.] AFRL MLPS, Wright Patterson AFB, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hegde, Shrikrishna M.] AFRL SNJW, Wright Patterson AFB, Sensors Direct, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hegde, Shrikrishna M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Roberts, Tony D.; Battle, Philip] AdvR Inc, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Kuzucu, O (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM onur@mit.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1077 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751000541 ER PT B AU Mu, XD Ding, YJJ Svensson, SP Little, J Swaminathan, V AF Mu, Xiaodong Ding, Yujie J. Svensson, Stefan P. Little, John Swaminathan, V. GP IEEE TI Evidence of Periodic Electric Fields Generated by Spatial Separation of Photogenerated Electron-Hole Pairs in Short-Period InAs/GaSb Type-II Superlattices SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD AB Under relatively high pump intensities, photoluminescence intensities across the miniband were greatly reduced, which was attributed to the existence of periodic electric fields caused by spatially-separated photogenerated electrons and holes in short-period type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Mu, Xiaodong; Ding, Yujie J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Svensson, Stefan P.; Little, John; Swaminathan, V.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensor Elect Device, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mu, XD (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM yud2@lehigh.edu FU ARL; AFOSR FX This work has been supported by ARL and AFOSR. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 1995 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001441 ER PT B AU Zhdanov, B Maes, C Ehrenreich, T Havko, A Koval, N Meeker, T Worker, B Flusche, B Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. Maes, C. Ehrenreich, T. Havko, A. Koval, N. Meeker, T. Worker, B. Flusche, B. Knize, R. J. GP IEEE TI Optically Pumped Potassium Vapor Laser SO 2007 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS/QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2007), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 06-11, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD ID CS AB We present an optically pumped continuous wave Potassium vapor laser operating in a single longitudinal and a single transverse mode at 770 nm. The measured value of the slope efficiency was 20%. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhdanov, B.; Maes, C.; Ehrenreich, T.; Havko, A.; Koval, N.; Meeker, T.; Worker, B.; Flusche, B.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3590-6 PY 2007 BP 2253 EP 2253 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKO20 UT WOS:000268751001571 ER PT B AU Koppisetty, K Kirkici, H Schweickart, DL AF Koppisetty, K. Kirkici, H. Schweickart, D. L. GP IEEE TI Breakdown characteristics of nitrogen in partial vacuum under pulsed electric fields of kHz range SO 2007 ELECTRICAL INSULATION CONFERENCE AND ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURING EXPO LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electrical Insulation Conference/Electrical Manufacturing Expo 2007 CY OCT 22-24, 2007 CL Nashville, TN AB This work presents the breakdown characteristics of nitrogen in partial vacuum conditions under pulsed electric fields at 50 kHz to 200 kHz. Results of breakdown events are discussed and compared with the results of helium breakdown under similar conditions. C1 [Koppisetty, K.; Kirkici, H.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Schweickart, D. L.] Wright Patterson AFB, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Koppisetty, K (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. FU Universal Technology Corp; Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate [F33615-02-D-2299/DO-0024] FX Work supported by the Universal Technology Corp., under contract to the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, contract number F33615-02-D-2299/DO-0024 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0446-9 PY 2007 BP 169 EP + DI 10.1109/EEIC.2007.4562612 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHU68 UT WOS:000256541300038 ER PT B AU Brault, GJ Augeri, CJ Mullins, BE Mayer, CB Baldwin, RO AF Brault, Gregory J. Augeri, Christopher J. Mullins, Barry E. Mayer, Christopher B. Baldwin, Rusty O. GP IEEE TI Assessing standard and inverted skip graphs using multi-dimensional range queries and mobile nodes SO 2007 FOURTH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE AND UBIQUITOUS SYSTEMS: NETWORKING & SERVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems (MOBIQUITOUS 2007) CY AUG 06-10, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA DE skip graph; k-dimensional range query; mobility AB The skip graph, an application-layer data structure for routing and indexing, may he used in a sensor network to facilitate queries of the distributed k-dimensional data collected by the nodes, such as their geographic positions. Nodes in a standard skip graph sort keys in layered groups, where group membership is determined by random membership vectors. We propose a skip graph extension that inverts the key and membership vector roles, wherein group membership is based on deterministic z-ordering of k-dimensional data and sorting within groups is based on random keys. This extension retains the structure of a standard skip graph, and can be modified for use in 3-D environments such as unmanned aerial vehicle swarms. Our results indicate this extension reduces the number of nodes contacted relative to the query precision, the volume of the multidimensional space, and the skip graph's height. We discuss our extension's performance relative to metrics at the application and network layers for static and mobile 2-D networks. C1 [Brault, Gregory J.] USAF, Informat Operat Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Augeri, Christopher J.; Mullins, Barry E.; Mayer, Christopher B.; Baldwin, Rusty O.] AF Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Brault, GJ (reprint author), USAF, Informat Operat Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM gregory.brault@lackland.af.mil; christopher.augeri@afit.edu; barrymullins@afit.edu; christopher.mayer@afit.edu; rusty.baldwin@afit.edu FU Air Force Communications Agency FX This work is partially supported by the Air Force Communications Agency. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1024-8 PY 2007 BP 107 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BHU65 UT WOS:000256540100019 ER PT B AU Samiee, M Garre, K Cahay, M Kosel, PB Fairchild, S Fraser, JW Lockwood, DJ AF Samiee, M. Garre, K. Cahay, M. Kosel, P. B. Fairchild, S. Fraser, J. W. Lockwood, D. J. GP IEEE TI A new cold cathode using pulsed laser deposited lanthanum monosulfide thin films SO 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE C1 [Samiee, M.; Garre, K.; Cahay, M.; Kosel, P. B.] Univ Cincinnati, ECE Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Samiee, M.] Siimpel Corp, Arcadia, CA 91006 USA. [Fairchild, S.] Air Force Res Lab, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fraser, J. W.; Lockwood, D. J.] Inst Microstructural Sci, Natl Res Council, Ottawa K1A OR6, ON, Canada. RP Garre, K (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, ECE Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1133-7 PY 2007 BP 29 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIB27 UT WOS:000258094500015 ER PT B AU Fairchild, S Grazulis, L Cahay, M Garre, K Poitras, D Wu, X Lockwood, DJ Semet, V Binh, VT AF Fairchild, S. Grazulis, L. Cahay, M. Garre, K. Poitras, D. Wu, X. Lockwood, D. J. Semet, V. Binh, Vu Thien GP IEEE TI Lanthanum monosulfide thin films grown on MgO substrates for field emission SO 2007 IEEE 20TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM NANOELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference CY JUL 08-12, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE C1 [Cahay, M.; Garre, K.] Univ Cincinnati, ECECS Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Fairchild, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wu, X.; Lockwood, D. J.] Inst Microstructural Sci, NRC, Ottawa, ON K1A OR6, Canada. [Semet, V.; Binh, Vu Thien] Univ Lyon 1, LPMCN CNRS UCBL, Equipe Emiss Elect, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Cahay, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, ECECS Dept, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM marc.cahay@uc.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1133-7 PY 2007 BP 226 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIB27 UT WOS:000258094500115 ER PT S AU Stuckey, NC Vasquez, JR Graham, SR AF Stuckey, Nathan C. Vasquez, Juan R. Graham, Scott R. GP IEEE TI Estimating queue size in a computer network using an extended Kalman filter SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB An extended Kalman filter is used to estimate queue size in a network. This paper presents the derivation of the transient queue behavior for a system with Poisson traffic and exponential service times. This result is then validated for ideal traffic using a network simulated in OPNET A more complex OPNET model is then used to test the adequacy of the transient queue size model when non-Poisson traffic is combined. The extended Kalman filter theory is presented and a network state estimator is designed using the transient queue behavior model. The behavior of the network state estimator is than investigated. C1 [Stuckey, Nathan C.; Vasquez, Juan R.; Graham, Scott R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stuckey, NC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 1313 EP 1324 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301028 ER PT S AU Spinelli, CJ Raquet, JF Kish, BA AF Spinelli, Christopher J. Raquet, John F. Kish, Brian A. GP IEEE TI Minimum indicator approach for use with precise differential GPS SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB This paper describes the design and testing of a high-speed, real-time kinematic, precise differential GPS positioning system for use in airborne applications such as automated aerial-refueling and close formation flying. Many of the current ambiguity resolution techniques use the residuals from the least squares position estimation to determine the true ambiguity set, this paper presents a novel approach to the ambiguity resolution problem, called the minimum indicator. Instead of assuming the ambiguity set with the lowest residuals is the true set, other special characteristics of the residuals are examined. The result was the first-ever successful six-degree of freedom, in-flight demonstration of close formation flight, culminating in over 11 hours of close formation flying with a mean radial spherical error of 3.3 centimeters. Other areas addressed include: the difference between "pre-fit" and "post-fit" residuals in the conditional probability calculation, and the impact of a simplified dynamics model on system performance. C1 [Spinelli, Christopher J.] 416th Flight Test Squadron, 118 N Wolfe Ave,Bldg 1642, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Raquet, John F.] AF Inst Technol, Dep Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kish, Brian A.] AF Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Spinelli, CJ (reprint author), 416th Flight Test Squadron, 118 N Wolfe Ave,Bldg 1642, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM chris.spinelli@edwards.af.mil; john.raquet@afit.edu; brian.kish@edwards.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 1393 EP 1407 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301035 ER PT S AU Iyer, AN Ofoegbu, UO Yantorno, RE Wenndt, SJ AF Iyer, Ananth N. Ofoegbu, Uchechukwu O. Yantorno, Robert E. Wenndt, Stanley J. GP IEEE TI Speaker recognition in adverse conditions SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES ID VERIFICATION; MODELS AB Recognizing speakers from their voices is a challenging area of research with several practical applications. Presently speaker verification (SV) systems achieve a high level of accuracy under ideal conditions such as, when there is ample data to build speaker models and when speaker verification is performed in the presence of little or no interference. In general, these systems assume that the features extracted from the data follow a particular parametric probability density function (pdf), i.e., Gaussian or a mixture of Gaussians; where a form of the pdf is imposed on the speech data rather than determining the underlying structure of the pdf. In practical conditions, like in an aircraft cockpit where most of the verbal communication is in the form of short commands, it is almost impossible to ascertain that the assumptions made about the structure of the pdf are correct, and wrong assumptions could lead to significant reduction in performance of the SV system. In this research, non-parametric strategies, to statistically model speakers are developed and evaluated. Nonparametric density estimation methods are generally known to be superior when limited data is available for model building and SV Experimental evaluation has shown that the non-parametric system yielded a 70% accuracy level in speaker verification with only 0.5 seconds of data and under the influence of noise with signal-to-noise ratio of 5dB. This result corresponds to a 20% decrease in error when compared to the parametric system. C1 [Iyer, Ananth N.; Ofoegbu, Uchechukwu O.; Yantorno, Robert E.] Temple Univ, Speech Proc Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Wenndt, Stanley J.] IFEC, AF Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Iyer, AN (reprint author), Temple Univ, Speech Proc Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM aniyer@temple.edu; uche1@temple.edu; byantorn@temple.edu; Stanley.Wenndt@rl.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 1547 EP 1554 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301048 ER PT S AU Carlin, MA Smolenski, BY AF Carlin, Michael A. Smolenski, Brett Y. GP IEEE TI Detection of speaker change points in conversational speech SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB An important preprocessing step in many automatic speech segmentation and speaker clustering systems is the accurate detection of speaker change points, the times when one speaker stops talking and another begins. However, this becomes very difficult in conversational speech since utterance lengths can be extremely short, speaker changes occur frequently, speakers may talk over one another (co-channel interference), and the recording environment and/or communication channel is sub-optimal or degraded. Modern aviation systems can benefit from this research as a pre-processing stage in a variety of applications. Examples include automatic segmentation and clustering of pilot / air traffic controller communications, detection of a third or unauthorized speaker in commercial airline cockpits, and automatic transcription of cockpit audio recordings. This research presents an approach to detecting speaker change points using information obtained from voiced speech segments. This permits taking advantage of the facts that (1) speaker starting and stopping information should be contained between segments of voiced speech and (2) voiced speech contains the most useful speaker identifiable information. The technique presented here shows promise as an enhancement to currently available change point detection algorithms. C1 [Carlin, Michael A.] USAF, Res Lab, IFEC, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13323 USA. [Smolenski, Brett Y.] Res Associates Def Conver, Marcy, NY 13403 USA. RP Carlin, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, IFEC, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13323 USA. EM Michael.Carlin@rl.af.mil; Brett.Smolenski@rl.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 1566 EP 1573 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301050 ER PT S AU Shepherd, MJ Cobb, RG Palazotto, AN Baker, WP AF Shepherd, Michael J. Cobb, Richard G. Palazotto, Anthony. N. Baker, William P. GP IEEE TI Scaling analysis for large membrane optics SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB To meet future requirements, space telescopes are envisioned to require optics tens of meters in diameter. Packaging restrictions of current and foreseeable launch vehicles prohibit the use of a single rigid monolithic mirror of that size. Membrane optics research seeks to create large diameter apertures out of thin flexible film-like reflective material. For our analysis, we examine those structures with embedded in-plane actuated piezoelectric elements for active surface shape control. By analyzing the non-dimensional form of the governing differential equation, relative effects of linear and non-linear terms are apparent. Then, through a series of MSC.Nastran finite element models, scalability issues are explored to include the effects of non-linear terms, existing membrane pre-tension, and unimorph versus bimorph actuation. Results show small-scale (existing) test articles may respond in accordance with linear models, but may mask the nonlinear characteristics which dominate large full-scale membrane optics in the proposed applications. C1 [Shepherd, Michael J.; Cobb, Richard G.; Palazotto, Anthony. N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baker, William P.] Wright Patterson, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shepherd, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.cobb@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the direction of Lieutenant Colonel Sharon Heis; USAF Test Pilot School FX The research presented in this document was conducted with the financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the direction of Lieutenant Colonel Sharon Heise. Further funding for the presentation was provided by the USAF Test Pilot School. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 1670 EP 1682 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301060 ER PT S AU Sambora, MD AF Sambora, Matthew D. GP IEEE TI A non-local maximum-likelihood denoising algorithm SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB Digital images obtained using CCD or CMOS sensors are subject to corruption by AWGN noise during sensor readout. Most of the techniques used for noise reduction in images have relied on methods that operate on global image attributes and noise assumptions. Recently, several approaches have been proposed that attempt to recover an uncorrupted image by examining attributes within a statistical neighborhood of an image. This paper will extend this body of work by describing a novel statistical neighborhood algorithm for denoising images. This algorithm exploits the naturally occurring redundancy in an image and employs an algorithm to selectively normalize and average redundant information in the corrupted image. C1 [Sambora, Matthew D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sambora, MD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Bldg 641, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 1775 EP 1781 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301071 ER PT S AU LeMaster, DA AF LeMaster, Daniel A. GP IEEE TI Enhanced detection through obscurations using optimized temporal polarization imaging SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES ID RADAR AB Temporal fluctuations in polarization signature are maximized by forming linear combinations of polarization-sensitive intensity channels. These combination channels are also reduced in rank and therefore optimized for further processing. Temporal fluctuations are emphasized as a means to detect polarizing objects under heavy but weakly polarizing obscurations that would otherwise preclude detection in a traditional intensity image. The theoretical work, which is an expansion of previously published research, is demonstrated for three and four channel polarization imaging systems. Finally, the theory is tested through simulated examples using an empirical target obscuration model.(12). C1 [LeMaster, Daniel A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP LeMaster, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 1782 EP 1792 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301072 ER PT S AU Mantravadi, S AF Mantravadi, Samuel GP IEEE TI Spatial and spectral resolution limits of hyperspectral imagers using computed tomography: A comparison SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER AB Recently, a new type of hyperspectral imaging sensor has been proposed which simultaneously records both spectral data and multiple spatial dimensions. Dispersive imaging spectrometers typically measure multiple wavelengths and a single spatial dimension. Unlike dispersive imaging spectrometers, chromo-tomographic hyperspectral imaging sensors (CTHIS) record 2 spatial dimensions as well as a spectral dimension using computed tomography (CT) techniques with only a few spatially-spectrally diverse images. Different CTHIS designs have been proposed using different chromatic dispersion elements (such as prisms or diffraction gratings [2][4][3]), but to date no comparison has been performed. In this paper, we examine the two design proposals for CTHIS and use the Cramer-Rao theorem to determine the lower bound of the variance of an unbiased object estimator of two point sources at different wavelengths. This lower bound will be useful to determine which sensor has the best spatial and spectral resolution in the presence of Poisson noise. C1 [Mantravadi, Samuel] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mantravadi, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 3550 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 1793 EP 1798 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301073 ER PT S AU Cain, SC MacDonald, A AF Cain, Stephen C. MacDonald, Adam GP IEEE TI Improved near earth orbiting asteroid detection via statistical image fusion SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB Current efforts aimed at detecting and identifying Near Earth Objects (NEOs) that pose potential risks to earth use moderately sized telescopes combined with image processing algorithms to detect the asteroid motion. These algorithms detect objects via assumptions about the point-like nature of the target. This assumption breaks down in poor seeing conditions when the object no longer resembles a point source. This paper serves to document an alternative approach involving the use of many smaller apertures whose images are fused using Bayesian decision techniques that assume nothing about the shape of the target in order to determine the presence of a NEO. The technique is shown to be robust in the presence of atmospheric turbulence. Simulation studies are conducted showing the feasibility of the proposed technique. C1 [Cain, Stephen C.; MacDonald, Adam] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cain, SC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 1799 EP 1804 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301074 ER PT S AU Winter, ME Winter, EM Beaven, SG Ratkowski, AJ AF Winter, Michael E. Winter, Edwin M. Beaven, Scott G. Ratkowski, Anthony J. GP IEEE TI Hyperspectral image sharpening using multispectral data SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB Multispectral sharpening of hyperspectral. imagery fuses the spectral content of the hyperspectral image with the spatial and spectral content of the multispectral image. The approach we have been investigating compares the spectral information present in the multispectral image to the spectral content in the hyperspectral image and derives a set of equations to approximately transform the multispectral image into a synthetic hyperspectral image. This synthetic hyperspectral image is then recombined with the original low-spatial-resolution hyperspectral image to produce a sharpened product. This sharpened image has the spectral resolution of the hyperspectral image and the spatial resolution of the multispectral image. It is capable of full exploitation as a hyperspectral image. We evaluate this technique against synthetic data generated from an AVIRIS Cuprite scene and show both good spectral and visual fidelity. An analysis of a synthetic reflectance test case shows less than one percent RMS(error) when compared to a control image.(12) C1 [Winter, Michael E.] Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 1680 EW Rd,POST 602B, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Winter, Edwin M.] Tech Res Assoc Inc, Camarillo, CA 93010 USA. [Beaven, Scott G.] Space Comp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Ratkowski, Anthony J.] Air Force Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Winter, ME (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 1680 EW Rd,POST 602B, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM winter@higp.hawaii.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 2079 EP 2087 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235301102 ER PT S AU Malas, JA Pasala, KM AF Malas, John A. Pasala, Krishna M. GP IEEE TI Information theory based radar signature analysis SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB The ability to make radar signature databases portable for use within similar sensor systems is critical to the affordability of airborne signature exploitation systems. The capability to hybridize measured and synthetic signature database components will maximize the investment required to build complex radar signature databases. Radar target scattering response signatures and sensor related effects can be modeled and analyzed as a random process to enable sensor optimization. Information theory based methods are proposed as a means to identify those components within the signal subspace that are highly linked to target separability. Mutual information is developed as a measure of similarity to compare measured field data to modeled synthetic data. The approach is demonstrated using synthetic signature sets comprised of both "similar targets" and "dissimilar targets".(1,2). C1 [Malas, John A.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pasala, Krishna M.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Malas, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.malas@wpafb.af.mil; krishna.pasala@notes.udayton.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 2148 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235302005 ER PT S AU Li, KY Mangiat, S Zulch, P Pillai, U AF Li, Ke Yong Mangiat, Steven Zulch, Peter Pillai, Unnikrishna GP IEEE TI Clutter impacts on space based radar GMTI: A global perspective SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB Space based radar has long been considered as a solution to the Department of Defense's requirement for persistent surveillance of the earth surface. Ignoring the logistical issues of launching, deploying, and maintaining a large phased array in space, space based radar has the advantage of being remote and has the capability to perform global surveillance in all weather conditions.(1 2). In this paper effects such as earth rotation, range fold over, varied terrain types and internal clutter motion are analyzed for their impacts on space based radar performance. Publicly available data bases allow for the characterization of the entire earths surface in terms of land cover and wind. From this data site specific clutter returns can be generated in a high fidelity radar simulation which can in turn be analyzed to produce performance comparisons under various effects. More over, a new class of waveforms referred to as 'hybrid chirps' are introduced that can be used to resolve the range fold over (ambiguous returns) impact seen by a space based radar. These ambiguous range returns, when impacted by earth rotation, can impart delirious effects to minimum discernable velocity performance. The impacts of the afore mentioned effects on minimum discernable velocity, and the benefits of transmit waveform diversity to counter these effects are presented in this paper. C1 [Li, Ke Yong; Mangiat, Steven] C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. [Zulch, Peter] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY USA. [Pillai, Unnikrishna] Polytech Univ, Brooklyn, NY USA. RP Li, KY (reprint author), C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. EM kli@cptnj.com; steve@cptnj.com; peter.zulch@rl.af.mil; pillai@hora.poly.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 2194 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235302010 ER PT S AU Oppenheimer, MW Ngo, AD Blake, WB AF Oppenheimer, Michael W. Ngo, Anhtuan D. Blake, William B. GP IEEE TI Analysis of the reconfigurable control capabilities of a space access vehicle SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB Future access to space vehicles will be required to achieve a high level of safety and operability. In order to achieve these goals, integrated adaptive guidance and control can be used to recover a vehicle from off-nominal. conditions, such as control effector failures, engine out, loss of engine gimbal, and so on. In this work, a preliminary configuration for a space access vehicle is defined. The vehicle contains five control surfaces, a bodyflap, two elevons, and two rudders. A guidance and control (G&C) design tool to rapidly assess the necessary control effort of the vehicle to track its flight trajectory is developed. This tool can be used as part of the preliminary design cycle in configuration, trajectory planning, structural analysis, aerodynamic modelling, or control surface sizing. Given the conceptual configuration and a desired trajectory for re-entry flight, this G&C tool provides an inner-loop feedback control law and outer-loop feedback guidance law to track the given trajectory. The inner-loop control law, based on dynamic inversion with a non-linear control allocator, is used to linearize the vehicle dynamics over its flight envelope and assign control tasks to the available control effectors to track the desired roll rate, pitch rate, and yaw rate. The outer-loop guidance law is based on a back-stepping method that transforms the trajectory-related flight path angle and desired bank angle into commands in roll rate, pitch rate, and yaw rate. Assessment of the vehicle's ability to recover from control failures is conducted in this work for a nominal re-entry flight. This assessment is used to provide inputs to configuration development to overcome any shortcomings in inner-loop reconfiguration capabilities. C1 [Oppenheimer, Michael W.; Ngo, Anhtuan D.; Blake, William B.] USAF, AF Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oppenheimer, MW (reprint author), USAF, AF Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, 2210 8th St,Bldg 146,Rm 305, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 2641 EP 2650 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235302062 ER PT S AU Rooks, JW Linderman, R AF Rooks, John W. Linderman, Richard GP IEEE TI High performance space computing SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB This paper describes a fully programmable 6 processor die that was implemented in IBM's 130 nanometer 8SF process. It is capable of operating as two triple voted processors each with 6 Mbytes of Embedded Dynamic Random Access Memory (EDRAM) or 6 independent processors each with 2 Mbytes of EDRAM. In triple vote mode the processor counts and recovers from single event upsets. It supports external Double Data Rate (DDR) Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), and has two Spacewire ports, a 4 GBit input port, and a 4 Gbit output port. The processor core with memory performs approximately 2.5 Giga Floating Point Operations Per Second (GFLOPS) per Watt, with worst case input/output power its performance is approximately I GFLOPS per Watt. The processor's efficient messaging allows hundreds of processors to be applied to applications such as radar(12). C1 [Rooks, John W.; Linderman, Richard] USAF, AF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Rooks, JW (reprint author), USAF, AF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 2711 EP 2719 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235302068 ER PT S AU Spinelli, CJ Kish, BA Dooley, MJ Durham, LM Schwartz, GN Welker, TC AF Spinelli, Chris J. Kish, Brian A. Dooley, Michael J. Durham, Laura M. Schwartz, George N. Welker, Troy C. GP IEEE TI In-flight evaluation of an amplified 802.11b network SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB Students at the United States Air Force Test Pilot School accomplished flight testing of an 802.11b air-to-ground wireless datalink between a C-12C and a ground station(12). A total of 17.6 hours were flown on seven flight test sorties from 10 April to 2 May 2006. The system under test consisted of S-band antennas on the aircraft and at the ground station, radio frequency signal amplifiers for the antennas, an electronic display unit for the pilots, a laptop PC connected to the aircraft station, a tablet PC connected to the ground station, and two Cisco(R) Aironet 1200 Wireless access points connected to the ground and aircraft amplifiers. This test program demonstrated the 802.11b wireless datalink reception range when transmitting at 4 Watts effective isotropic radiated power. The test program demonstrated the utility of transmitting high resolution imagery and streaming video across the datalink within specific signal-to-noise ranges. The test team also evaluated the utility of high resolution imagery and streaming video transmitted across the datalink. The test configuration identified deficiencies in operating system employment during high resolution imagery and streaming video transmissions. However, the system demonstrated the bandwidth and ground distance/altitude capabilities of the 802.11b wireless network. The 802.11b wireless air-to-ground datalink performance was satisfactory in its tested configuration for transmitting high resolution imagery. However, it was not adequate in its tested configuration to provide reliable time-critical targeting streaming video. The datalink reception envelope provided operationally useful data ranges, with low data rate connections established between the aircraft and ground station at ground distances greater than 15 nautical miles for the tested altitudes. C1 [Spinelli, Chris J.; Kish, Brian A.; Dooley, Michael J.; Durham, Laura M.; Schwartz, George N.; Welker, Troy C.] USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Spinelli, CJ (reprint author), USAF, Test Pilot Sch, 220 S Wolfe Ave, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 3144 EP 3150 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235303001 ER PT S AU MacDonald, A AF MacDonald, Adam GP IEEE TI Low-power wireless local areanetworks for flight test SO 2007 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 03-10, 2007 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE, Panasonic, Aerosp Corp, IET, dSPACE, CALTECH, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASES AB Significant cost and schedule risk are incurred when novel flight-test hardware is integrated into airborne test platforms. Much of the cost is attributed to the labor involved in the installation of signal interconnect wiring between the flight-test hardware and the operator interface. Project cost and schedule may be reduced by the substitution of wireless communication paths in lieu of hardwired connections. Recent advances in commercially available local-area-networking (LAN) hardware have enabled the deletion of hardwire data paths aboard aircraft, and have enabled new flight-test methodologies involving multi-aircraft formations as well as novel telemetry implementations. This paper represents a survey of work completed by the United States Air Force Test Pilot School and the Air Force Institute of Technology, and introduces several exciting LAN-based flight-test programs scheduled for the near-term. C1 [MacDonald, Adam] USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP MacDonald, A (reprint author), USAF, Test Pilot Sch, 2950 Hobson Way, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-0524-4 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2007 BP 3164 EP 3171 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGY10 UT WOS:000251235303003 ER EF