FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Yachbes, I Roopnarine Sadick, S Arritt, B Gardenier, CHE AF Yachbes, Irene Roopnarine Sadick, Shazad Arritt, Brandon Gardenier, Captain H. E. GP IEEE TI Rapid Assembly of Spacecraft Structures for Responsive Space SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB The ORS office has been chartered with developing the architecture that will allow a customized satellite to be designed, produced, deployed, and operational within a matter of days [1]. (12)Every aspect of the spacecraft development process needs to be reassessed in order to achieve this ambitious responsive spacecraft architecture. Assembly, integration & testing could be drastically reduced by stocking component-ready modular panels for assembly., However, the assembly of the structure itself needs to be change from the current process of securing panels with dozens of mixed-size fasteners and the associated verification, tooling, and documentation. Additionally, the new process must take into consideration the need to pass electrical and thermal connections throughout the satellite bus in a time-effective manner. A method for rapidly providing a stiff mechanical attachment across panels of a spacecraft bus while simultaneously providing electrical and thermal continuity would help to realize the goals of ORS. In collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate, Honeybee Robotics Spacecraft Mechanisms Corporation has developed a fastening strategy for enabling rapid assembly of a spacecraft bus structure using our patented Quick Insertion Nut (QIN) technology. square square With this approach, a standard bolt can be rapidly inserted into the QIN and then about one turn is required to preload the connection, without significant support equipment or operator skill. These QINs are embedded in manifolds (the manifold includes panel-to-panel electrical interconnects) that together comprise a skeleton/frame for the spacecraft panels. When the panels are assembled to the manifolds, a robust structural, electrical and thermal connection for the bus is achieved. With this method, it is possible to also quickly disassemble bus panels. to swap out faulty components, accommodate upgrades, or support last-minute component changes to satisfy changing mission needs. While the concept is simple, when extrapolated across the multiple fasteners in a typical spacecraft bus (the time for threading of each bolt alone is eight to ten times faster), this results in a revolutionary decrease in the amount of time required for spacecraft assembly. With adequate margin and analysis, it may be possible that time-consuming dedicated system-level analysis and tests could also be eliminated from the AI&T process. View the video of our feasibility demonstration using a subscale prototype at: http://www.honeybeerobotics.com/168/Assembly4.mov - a representative "corner" of three satellite panels assembled using the QIN fasteners, manifold and electrical connection. C1 [Yachbes, Irene; Roopnarine; Sadick, Shazad] Honeybee Robot Spacecraft Mech Corp, 460 W 34th St, New York, NY 10001 USA. [Arritt, Brandon; Gardenier, Captain H. E.] Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Yachbes, I (reprint author), Honeybee Robot Spacecraft Mech Corp, 460 W 34th St, New York, NY 10001 USA. EM yachbes@honeybeerobotics.com; afrl.vssv@kirtland.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 2518 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000254 ER PT S AU Weaver, AD Veth, MJ AF Weaver, Adam D. Veth, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Image-Based Relative Navigation for the Autonomous Refueling Problem using Predictive Rendering SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB Autonomous aerial refueling requires a high level of accuracy and integrity. A great deal of research has been conducted in this problem area and has successfully demonstrated techniques with sufficient accuracy for fully autonomous refueling. Unfortunately, significantly less research has focused on the integrity of the relative navigation solution, especially in the presence of degraded sensor operation. In this paper, we present an image-based relative navigation algorithm which uses a predictive rendering technique to determine the relative pose of a lead aircraft using a monocular imaging camera. The predictive rendering algorithm is developed using image processing techniques and the performance of the algorithm is evaluated from an observability perspective using flight test data. Three variations of the algorithm are analyzed: sum squared difference, magnitude of gradient, and gradient with threshold. The observability of translation and rotation errors is discussed for all three techniques, noting any significant issues for each approach. Overall, the predictive rendering algorithm is shown to provide an accurate estimate of the relative position and attitude to a lead aircraft using a monocular camera. In addition, the algorithm can be tuned to provide a measurement that emphasizes precision versus convergence stability based on the mission requirements.(12) C1 [Weaver, Adam D.; Veth, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weaver, AD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.weaver@afit.edu; michael.veth@afit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 2951 EP 2963 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964001041 ER PT S AU Hendrix, CD Veth, MJ Carr, RW AF Hendrix, Constance D. Veth, Michael J. Carr, Ryan W. GP IEEE TI LQG Control Design for a Hovering Micro Air Vehicle using an Optical Tracking System SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB The need to conduct warfare in urban environments presents a new frontier for navigation and control of UAV's in locations where GPS may be degraded or denied. This paper addresses the first step in the development of a robust, non-GPS guidance, navigation, and targeting system for small indoor air vehicles: to design and validate a flight control system for micro aerial vehicles using an externally-mounted optical tracking system. The controller is designed using a modified Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) technique which leverages the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) for state estimation. The controller is evaluated using a combination of simulation and flight test approaches conducted in the Air Force Research Laboratory's Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) Indoor Flight Facility. The results of the flight testing will be used to optimize the control design, which will pave the way for future research efforts, including incorporation of automated image processing techniques for vehicle stabilization.(12) C1 [Hendrix, Constance D.; Veth, Michael J.; Carr, Ryan W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hendrix, CD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM constance.hendrix@af.mil; michael.veth@af.mil; ryan.carr@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 3052 EP 3065 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964001051 ER PT S AU Shepherd, MJ MacDonald, A Gray, WR Cobb, RG AF Shepherd, Michael J. MacDonald, Adam Gray, William R., III Cobb, Richard G. GP IEEE TI Limited Simulator Aircraft Handling Qualities Evaluation of an Adaptive Controller SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB The paper details the application and handling qualities evaluation through computer-based simulation of an adaptive model reference controller acting on the longitudinal modes of a fighter-type aircraft. Whereas classical control designs depend largely on a priori knowledge of the system dynamics, adaptive control algorithms do not require the same degree of a priori sophistication, or alternately the same controller can be applied on a plant with varying dynamics such as experienced by an aircraft over a wide range of flight conditions. Although the applications of an adaptive controller are well understood, much of the existing research focuses on an adaptive controllers' ability to track a basic input (such as step, ramp, or sinusoid) over a range of time-varying plants. In this research the adaptive controller is evaluated through a series of pilot-in-the-loop tracking tasks utilizing the boundary avoidance tracking technique designed to highlight potential control difficulties which may lead to pilot-in-the-loop oscillations, task abandonment or loss of control. The results presented will serve as a precursor to flight tests of adaptive controllers on-board next generation fighter aircraft. C1 [Shepherd, Michael J.; MacDonald, Adam; Gray, William R., III] USAF, Test Pilot Sch, 1220 S Wolfe Ave, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Cobb, Richard G.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Shepherd, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Test Pilot Sch, 1220 S Wolfe Ave, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM michael.shepherd@edwards.af.mil FU USAF Test Pilot School and released [AFFTC PA-08472] FX Funding for the presentation was provided by the USAF Test Pilot School and released under AFFTC PA-08472. The authors wish to thank the test pilot subjects for their contributions to this study. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 3088 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964001054 ER PT S AU Brown, D Georgoulas, G Bae, H Vachtsevanos, G Chen, R Ho, YH Tannenbaum, G Schroeder, JB AF Brown, D. Georgoulas, G. Bae, H. Vachtsevanos, G. Chen, R. Ho, Y. H. Tannenbaum, G. Schroeder, J. B. GP IEEE TI Particle Filter Based Anomaly Detection for Aircraft Actuator Systems SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB This paper describes the background, simulation and experimental evaluation of an anomaly detector for Brushless DC motor winding insulation faults in the context of an aircraft Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) application. Results acquired from an internal Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) study identified turn-to-turn winding faults as the primary mechanism, or mode, of failure. Physics-of-failure mechanisms used to develop a model for the identified fault are provided. The model was implemented in Simulink to simulate the dynamics of the motor with a turn-to-turn insulation winding fault. Then, an experimental test procedure was devised and executed to validate the model. Additionally, a diagnostic feature, identified by the fault model and derived using Hilbert transforms, was validated using the Simulink model and experimental data for several fault dimensions. Next, a feature extraction routine preprocesses monitoring parameters and passes the resulting features to a particle filter. The particle filter, based on Bayesian estimation theory, allows for representation and management of uncertainty in a computationally efficient manner. The resulting anomaly detection routine declares a fault only when a specified confidence level is reached at a given false alarm rate. Finally, the real-time performance of the anomaly detector is evaluated using LabVIEW.(1,2) C1 [Brown, D.; Georgoulas, G.; Bae, H.; Vachtsevanos, G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Chen, R.; Ho, Y. H.] Northrop Grumman Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Tannenbaum, G.] Moog Inc, East Aurora, NY 14052 USA. [Schroeder, J. B.] AFRL, RBCC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Brown, D (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM gjv@ece.gatech.edu; robert.chen@ngc.com; gtannenbaum@moog.com; john.schroeder@wpafb.af.mil FU United States Air Force (USAF) [FA8650-06-C-7628]; USAF Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Air Vehicles Directorate (RB); Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; AFRL/RBCC is the Air Force Technical POC and Robert Chen is the NGC Program Manager and Principal FX This work was performed under the United States Air Force (USAF) contract number FA8650-06-C-7628. The program is sponsored by the USAF Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Air Vehicles Directorate (RB), Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Mr. J.B. Schroeder, AFRL/RBCC is the Air Force Technical POC and Robert Chen is the NGC Program Manager and Principal Investigator. Georgia Institute of Technology (GA Tech) lead the algorithm development and MOOG Aerospace provided actuator and motor data. Tests presented herein were conducted at NGC. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 3537 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964001100 ER PT S AU Schroeder, JB Clark, GJ AF Schroeder, J. B. Clark, Greg J. GP IEEE TI Developing Health Management for Current and Future Inventory Aircraft SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB Designing and implementing health management systems for current and future aircraft poses many challenges, including interfacing with legacy onboard and offboard hardware and software systems, determining and justifying new functional requirements, and validating and verifying a robust, scalable system. Lessons learned from a current research and development program as well as prior health management system development experiences are presented as a road map to focus on the process of system development and integration. This paper also provides an overview of the concept and the coordination required to develop a working health management system.(1) C1 [Schroeder, J. B.] USAF, Res Lab, RBCC, 2310 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Clark, Greg J.] Boeing Co, Phantom Works, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Schroeder, JB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RBCC, 2310 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.schroeder@wpafb.af.mil; gregory.j.clark@boeing.com FU AFRL Sentient Adaptive Systems Technologies (SAST); Vehicle Condition-based Maintenance [F33615-00-D-3052 DO 0073]; Naval Air Warfare [N00421-05-C-0140] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the efforts of the entire SAST team including those at the Air Force, The Boeing Company, University of Hawaii, and Referentia Systems Inc. This work is supported under the AFRL Sentient Adaptive Systems Technologies (SAST) for Vehicle Condition-based Maintenance contract F33615-00-D-3052 DO 0073. This material is based upon work supported by the Naval Air Warfare Center under contract number N00421-05-C-0140. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Naval Air Warfare Center NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 3838 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964001129 ER PT B AU Kramer, BA AF Kramer, Brad A. GP IEEE TI Size Reduction of a Microstrip Antenna using a Corrugated Surface SO 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL N Charleston, SC SP IEEE, USNC, URSI C1 AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kramer, BA (reprint author), AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3646-0 PY 2009 BP 637 EP 640 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BON71 UT WOS:000277085400161 ER PT B AU Jaramillo-Henao, CA Kempel, LC Schneider, S AF Jaramillo-Henao, Carlos A. Kempel, Leo C. Schneider, Stephen GP IEEE TI A Trough Leaky-wave Antenna SO 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL N Charleston, SC SP IEEE, USNC, URSI C1 [Jaramillo-Henao, Carlos A.; Kempel, Leo C.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Schneider, Stephen] US Air Force, Res Lab, SNRR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jaramillo-Henao, CA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jarami15@egr.msu.edu; kempel@egr.msu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3646-0 PY 2009 BP 733 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BON71 UT WOS:000277085400185 ER PT B AU Herscovici, N Tomasic, B Ginn, J Donisi, T AF Herscovici, Naftali Tomasic, Boris Ginn, James Donisi, Tony GP IEEE TI Scanning Characteristics of Aperture Coupled Fed Fragmented Microstrip Arrays SO 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL N Charleston, SC SP IEEE, USNC, URSI AB The scanning characteristics of a certain class of Aperture Coupled Fed Fragmented Microstrip Antennas are presented. This type of antenna exhibits relatively wide-band performance and its scanning characteristics are investigated. C1 [Herscovici, Naftali; Tomasic, Boris] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Ginn, James] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Donisi, Tony] Ansoft Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. RP Herscovici, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3646-0 PY 2009 BP 1644 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BON71 UT WOS:000277085400413 ER PT B AU Chilton, RA AF Chilton, Ryan A. GP IEEE TI A Process for Assembling Discontinuous Basis Functions on Structured Hexahedral Grids SO 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL N Charleston, SC SP IEEE, USNC, URSI C1 AFRL, Fairborn, OH 45433 USA. RP Chilton, RA (reprint author), AFRL, Fairborn, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3646-0 PY 2009 BP 1660 EP 1663 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BON71 UT WOS:000277085400417 ER PT B AU Deng, H Himed, B AF Deng, Hai Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Detection of Low-Speed Ground Moving Targets Using MIMO Radar SO 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL N Charleston, SC SP IEEE, USNC, URSI C1 [Deng, Hai] Univ North Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deng, H (reprint author), Univ North Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM hai.deng@unt.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3646-0 PY 2009 BP 2535 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BON71 UT WOS:000277085401164 ER PT B AU Tomasic, B Herscovici, N AF Tomasic, Boris Herscovici, Naftali GP IEEE TI ANALYSIS OF CYLINDRICAL ARRAY OF INFINITELY-LONG SLOTS FED BY CONNECTED DIPOLES SO 2009 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium /USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2009 CL N Charleston, SC SP IEEE, USNC, URSI C1 [Tomasic, Boris; Herscovici, Naftali] AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tomasic, B (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM boris.tomasic@hanscom.af.mil NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3646-0 PY 2009 BP 2835 EP 2838 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BON71 UT WOS:000277085401239 ER PT B AU Lemon, R Coulter, B Archibald, S Nguyen, C AF Lemon, Randall Coulter, Bruce Archibald, Steve Nguyen, Chau GP IEEE TI Interface Test Adapter Development & Maintenance Using a Continuity/Insulation Automatic Test Station in Large Scale Test Systems SO 2009 IEEE AUTOTESTCON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 14-17, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE AB This abstract focuses on four key points with using the Continuity/Insulation Automatic Test Station (Cont/Insul ATE) set in a large scale system: (1) Setup of Cont/Insul ATE and software development for the Cont/Insul ATE; (2) Using the Cont/Insul ATE in prototype development; (3) Verification that multiple copies of Interface Test Adapters (ITAs) will be identical and wired correctly; and (4) Maintenance and repair of ITAs after delivery. A large scale system is defined as a system with multiple test stations at multiple locations and with multiple identical ITAs. This paper will review the advantages and disadvantages of a Cont/Insul ATE test station using cost and schedule impact during the various phases of designing new ITAs and maintaining the ITAs once they have been fielded. The Ground Minuteman Automatic Test System (GMATS) re-host project, completed by the 309th Software Maintenance Group (SMXG) at the Ogden Air Logistics Center (OO-ALC), will be used in this document as a test case. The GMATS project fielded 18 test stations at 8 separate locations, 332 total ITAs with 39 unique configurations. The ITA development work involved building 39 prototype ITAs, verifying the prototype ITAs against their master wire lists, running it through a series of self-tests, integrating the prototype ITAs with the Test Program Set (TPS), building production ITAs and then verifying each production ITA was built correctly. A successful program, such as GMATS, demonstrates that having an asset such as a Cont/Insul ATE test station can dramatically improve on-time deliverables and lower costs to the end customers. C1 [Lemon, Randall; Coulter, Bruce; Archibald, Steve; Nguyen, Chau] Hill AFB, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Lemon, R (reprint author), Hill AFB, 7278 4th St,Bldg 100, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. EM randall.lemon@hill.af.mil; bruce.coulter@hill.af.mil; steve.archibald@hill.af.mi; chau.nguyen@hill.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4980-4 PY 2009 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BNK02 UT WOS:000274771300021 ER PT B AU Eckersley, JE Adams, W AF Eckersley, Joseph E., III Adams, William Larry, Jr. GP IEEE TI Achieving test program set transportability through interface design SO 2009 IEEE AUTOTESTCON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 14-17, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE AB For decades, the automatic test community has worked to develop hardware standardization and interface protocols that aid in mitigating the impact of equipment obsolescence on the repair and maintenance mission. The traditional view of Test Program Set (TPS) transportability in this environment has always been one of migrating a legacy TPS to a new hardware architecture design born out of a need to replace aging technology or provide new test capability. The Department of Defense (DoD) has recognized the benefit of standardizing automatic test systems (ATS) through policy guidance whose intent is to drive the services to a common configuration test environment, thereby reducing life cycle sustainment costs for all DoD systems. Today, hardware standardization has advanced to the point that many ATS look and function very similar to one another. However, there are two major hurdles that continuously thwart our efforts to develop a standard core test system, the lack of a standard UUT interface and the lack of an open architecture software design that facilitates operations in any environment and on any test system architecture. Automatic Test Markup Language (ATML) provides promise with regards to the development of standardized test software interfaces. Developing a standard hardware configuration for all test requirements is ultimately achievable with the technology currently available today except for one simple but hugely significant hurdle, the cost involved in re-hosting the myriad of test program sets currently in existence. Therefore, any significant advance in common interface design has to take into account the need to minimize the impact to existing test program sets. This paper will seek to explore the various technological possibilities for overcoming the barriers to true TPS transportability that exist in today's automatic test community. C1 [Eckersley, Joseph E., III; Adams, William Larry, Jr.] USAF, Combat Sustainment Grp 742, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. RP Eckersley, JE (reprint author), USAF, Combat Sustainment Grp 742, 460 Richard Ray Blvd,Ste 200, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. EM joseph.eckersley@robins.af.mil; William.adams@robins.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4980-4 PY 2009 BP 159 EP 161 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BNK02 UT WOS:000274771300032 ER PT B AU Nguyen, N Spencer, J Oblander, M Herbert, N Bynum, C AF Nguyen, Ngai Spencer, Jacob Oblander, Mark Herbert, Nicholas Bynum, Casey GP IEEE TI The Simplified TPS Encoding Process SO 2009 IEEE AUTOTESTCON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 14-17, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE AB The process of TPS development is an increasingly complicated endeavor. As Units Under Test become more and more complex, a greater investment of time for analysis and simulation is required than ever before. Additionally, traditional TPS software development environments are monolithic, necessitating costly training time for the engineer to learn the environment as well as forcing tedious and difficult development interfaces on the engineer. The Simplified TPS Encoding Process (STEP), developed by the 76 SMXG at Tinker AFB, is a novel process for the development of TPSs that removes dependency on specific programming languages from the TPS engineer. STEP reduces the up-front time required to train new engineers and provides the TPS engineer with an easy-to-use development environment that can be modularly extended to work with any programming language or hardware interface. In addition, STEP uses plain text files to contain program code and store data results. The ease-of-use, modularity, and plain text source code provided by STEP result in the TPS engineer spending more time analyzing the Unit Under Test instead of spending that time struggling to develop in a particular programming language. C1 [Nguyen, Ngai; Spencer, Jacob; Oblander, Mark; Herbert, Nicholas; Bynum, Casey] AFMC, Software Maintenance Grp 76, Tinker AFB, OK USA. RP Nguyen, N (reprint author), AFMC, Software Maintenance Grp 76, Tinker AFB, OK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4980-4 PY 2009 BP 162 EP 166 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BNK02 UT WOS:000274771300033 ER PT B AU Ray, B Kosai, H McNeal, S Jordan, B Scofield, J AF Ray, Biswajit Kosai, Hiroyuki McNeal, Seana Jordan, Brett Scofield, James GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of a Multi-Mode Interleaved Boost Converter SO 2009 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition CY SEP 20-24, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE DE Boost converter; interleaving; continuous conduction mode; discontinuous conduction mode ID STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS; COUPLED INDUCTORS AB Interleaved power converter topologies have received increasing attention in recent years for high performance applications. The advantages of coupled interleaved boost converters include increased efficiency, reduced size, reduced electromagnetic emission, faster transient response, and improved reliability. In this paper, a comprehensive performance analysis is presented for a multi-mode interleaved boost converter operating under the continuous conduction mode (CCM) and two discontinuous conduction modes (DCMs). With inductor coupling factor and converter loading as parameters, key performance indicators such as the de voltage gain, input ripple current, inductor ripple current, and output ripple voltage are presented in a normalized form to aid the converter design process. Transitions among the CCM and two DCM modes are clearly defined as part of the analysis. Advantages of DCM operation such as reduced switching loss at the expense of undesired ringing are discussed. The analysis presented is experimentally verified using a 250 W, 70 kHz prototype converter unit. C1 [Ray, Biswajit] Bloomsburg Univ Penn, 400 E 2nd St, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. [Kosai, Hiroyuki] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [McNeal, Seana; Jordan, Brett; Scofield, James] AFRL, RZPE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ray, B (reprint author), Bloomsburg Univ Penn, 400 E 2nd St, Bloomsburg, PA 17815 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2892-2 PY 2009 BP 2096 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BPQ32 UT WOS:000279630101015 ER PT S AU Liang, J Liang, QL Samn, SW Narayanan, RM AF Liang, Jing Liang, Qilian Samn, Sherwood W. Narayanan, Ram M. GP IEEE TI Sense-Through-Wall Channel Modeling Using UWB Noise Radar SO 2009 IEEE GLOBECOM WORKSHOPS SE IEEE Globecom Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Globecom Workshops (Gc Workshops 2009) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI ID BANDWIDTH INDOOR CHANNEL; STATISTICAL-MODEL; PROPAGATION AB Sensing-through-wall will benefit various applications such as emergence rescues and military operations. In order to add more signal processing functionality, it is vital to understand the characterization of sense-through-wall channel. In this paper, we propose a statistical channel model on a basis of real experimental data using UWB noise radar. We employ CLEAN algorithm to obtain the multipath channel impulse response (CIR) and observe that the channel amplitude at each path can be accurately characterized as T location-scale distribution. We also analyze that the multipath contributions arrive at the receiver are grouped into clusters. The time of arrival of clusters can be modeled as a Poisson arrival process, while within each cluster, subsequent multipath contributions or rays also arrive according to a Poisson process. However, these arrival rates are much smaller than those of indoor UWB channels. C1 [Liang, Jing; Liang, Qilian] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Samn, Sherwood W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, HEX, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Liang, J (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Elect Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM jliang@wcn.uta.edu; liang@uta.edu; Sherwood.samn@brooks.af.mil; ram@engr.psu.edu RI Liang, Jing/P-7093-2015 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-07-1-0395, N00014-07-1-1024]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CNS-0721515, CNS-0831902] FX This work was supported in part by Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Grant N00014-07-1-0395 and N00014-07-1-1024, and National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant CNS-0721515 and CNS-0831902. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-0069 BN 978-1-4244-5624-6 J9 IEEE GLOBE WORK PY 2009 BP 398 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BRU34 UT WOS:000283707400068 ER PT S AU Matungka, R Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Matungka, Rittavee Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI AERIAL IMAGE REGISTRATION USING PROJECTIVE POLAR TRANSFORM SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1- 8, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 19-24, 2009 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Aerial image registration; projective polar transform ID TRANSLATION AB Image registration is an essential step in many image processing applications that need visual information from multiple images for comparison, integration or analysis. Recently researchers have introduced image registration techniques using the log-polar transform (LPT) for its rotation and scale invariant properties. However, the accuracy of the approach limits by the number of samples used in the mapping process, which affects directly the computational cost. Motivated by the success of LPT based approach and its limitation, we propose a novel Projective Polar Transform (PPT) based image registration method that is robust to translation, scale, and rotation and yields high accuracy while requires low computational cost. Unlike LPT that 2D interpolation is needed in the mapping process, our method uses one-to-one mapping mechanism that directly arranges image from Cartesian to Polar coordinate according to pre-computed PPT map. An innovative projection mechanism is proposed to reduce the image from two to one dimensional vectors. With the proposed approach, the mapping procedure is accelerated and the matching process can be performed in 1D. This results in great reduction of the computational cost. C1 [Matungka, Rittavee; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force, IFTA, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Matungka, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM rmatungka@ece.osu.edu; zheng@ece.osu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-2353-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2009 BP 1061 EP + DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4959770 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BKQ01 UT WOS:000268919200266 ER PT S AU Martin, RK Yan, CP Fan, HH AF Martin, Richard K. Yan, Chunpeng Fan, H. Howard GP IEEE TI BOUNDS ON DISTRIBUTED TDOA-BASED LOCALIZATION OF OFDM SOURCES SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1- 8, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 19-24, 2009 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Cramer-Rao lower bound; OFDM; cyclic prefix; time delay estimation; blind; TDOA AB One main drawback of using Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) methods for source localization and navigation is that they require centralization of multiple copies of a signal. This paper considers blindly estimating the location of a Cyclic Prefix (CP) in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal, enabling distributed TDOA computation up to an integer ambiguity. This ambiguity can be resolved using integer least-squares methods, if enough TDOAs are available. The contributions of this paper are derivation of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) on locating the CP, and hence on the underlying source localization problem. C1 [Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yan, Chunpeng; Fan, H. Howard] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu; yancg@ececs.uc.edu; h.fan@uc.edu FU Air Force Research Labs FX Funded in part by the Air Force Research Labs. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This document has been approved for public release; distribution unlimited. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-2353-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2009 BP 2289 EP + DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4960077 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BKQ01 UT WOS:000268919201112 ER PT B AU Hartley, TDR Fasih, AR Berdanier, CA Ozguner, F Catalyurek, UV AF Hartley, Timothy D. R. Fasih, Ahmed R. Berdanier, Charles A. Oezguener, Fuesun Catalyurek, Umit V. GP IEEE TI Investigating the Use of GPU-Accelerated Nodes for SAR Image Formation SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (Cluster 2009) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc TCSC AB The computation of an electromagnetic reflectivity image from a set of radar returns is a computationally intensive process. Therefore, the use of high performance computing is required to form images from radar signals in a short time frame. This paper explores the use of distributed memory cluster computers and accelerator technologies such as GPUs for radar signal analysis applications, particularly back-projection image formation. We obtain good results with the use of GPUs and compare their performance in terms of execution time with distributed memory cluster computers. When using a configuration with 4 GPU-accelerated nodes, we achieve speedups up to 3.45x for different input and output data size combinations. C1 [Hartley, Timothy D. R.; Catalyurek, Umit V.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hartley, Timothy D. R.; Fasih, Ahmed R.; Oezguener, Fuesun; Catalyurek, Umit V.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Berdanier, Charles A.] Wright Patterson A F Base, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hartley, TDR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM hartleyt@bmi.osu.edu; fasiha@ece.osu.edu; charles.berdanier@wpafb.af.ml; ozguner@ece.osu.edu; unit@bmi.osu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy SciDAC [DE-FC02-06ER2775]; U.S. National Science Foundation [CNS-0643969, CNS-0403342]; Ohio Super computing Center [PAS0052]; AFRL/DAGSI Ohio Student-Faculty Research Fellowship [RY6-OSU-08-3] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy SciDAC Grant DE-FC02-06ER2775; by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grants CNS-0643969, and CNS-0403342; by Ohio Super computing Center Grant PAS0052; by AFRL/DAGSI Ohio Student-Faculty Research Fellowship RY6-OSU-08-3. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5011-4 PY 2009 BP 663 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNN01 UT WOS:000275023800083 ER PT S AU Kelly, D Raines, R Baldwin, R Mullins, B Grimaila, M AF Kelly, Douglas Raines, Richard Baldwin, Rusty Mullins, Barry Grimaila, Michael GP IEEE TI Towards a Taxonomy of Wired and Wireless Anonymous Networks SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2009) CY JUN 14-18, 2009 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE DE Anonymity; privacy; taxonomy; communications networks ID PROTOCOL AB With the aim to preserve privacy over a communications network, a plethora of anonymous protocols have been proposed along with many empirical investigations into specific adversary attacks over those networks. However, no known taxonomies exist that address anonymity in the diverse set of both wired and wireless anonymous communications networks. This paper proposes such a novel cubic taxonomy which explores the three key components of anonymity property, adversary capability, and network type. This taxonomy expands the definition of anonymity and aids in the advancement of state-of-the-art technological privacy-preserving mechanisms in anonymous networks against any adversary. C1 [Kelly, Douglas; Raines, Richard; Baldwin, Rusty; Mullins, Barry; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kelly, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Douglas.Kelly@afit.edu; Richard.Raines@afit.edu; Rusty.Baldwin@afit.edu; Barry.Mullins@afit.edu; Michael.Grimaila@afit.edu NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-3434-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2009 BP 585 EP 592 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQG15 UT WOS:000280922200110 ER PT S AU Klein, RW Temple, MA Mendenhall, MJ Reising, DR AF Klein, R. W. Temple, M. A. Mendenhall, M. J. Reising, D. R. GP IEEE TI Sensitivity Analysis of Burst Detection and RF Fingerprinting Classification Performance SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2009) CY JUN 14-18, 2009 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE ID TURN-ON TRANSIENTS AB There has been a recent shift toward improving wireless access security within the OSI PHY layer by exploiting RF features that are inherently device specific and difficult to replicate by an unintended party. This work addresses the extraction and exploitation of RF "fingerprints" to classify emissions and provide device-specific identification. Burst transient detection precedes RF fingerprint extraction and is generally the most critical step in the overall process. This work provides a much needed sensitivity analysis of burst detection capability. The analysis is conducted using instantaneous amplitude responses with both Fractal-Bayesian Step Change Detection (Fractal-BSCD) and Variance Trajectory (VT) processes. The performance of each method is evaluated under varying SNR conditions using experimentally collected 802.11a OFDM signals. The impact of transient detection error on signal classification performance is then demonstrated using RF fingerprints and Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) with Maximum Likelihood (ML) classification. The VT technique emerges as the better alternative for all SNRs considered and yields MDA-ML classification accuracy that is consistent with "perfect" transient estimation performance. C1 [Klein, R. W.; Temple, M. A.; Mendenhall, M. J.; Reising, D. R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Klein, RW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-3434-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2009 BP 641 EP 645 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQG15 UT WOS:000280922200120 ER PT S AU Like, EC Temple, MA Gustafson, SC AF Like, E. C. Temple, M. A. Gustafson, S. C. GP IEEE TI Adaptive Intra-Symbol SMSE Waveform Design Amidst Coexistent Primary Users SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2009) CY JUN 14-18, 2009 CL Dresden, GERMANY SP IEEE AB An analytic approach is presented for optimizing Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) waveforms using independent selection of intra-symbol (within a symbol) subcarrier power and modulation order. The SMSE framework is well-suited for cognition-based, software defined radio (SDR) applications. By exploiting statistical knowledge about the spectral and temporal behavior of interfering signals, the inherent SMSE framework flexibility is leveraged to substantially increase system throughput while limiting coexistent interference. Results for a coexistent scenario are provided in which the analytic optimization of the SMSE waveform is demonstrated in the presence of multiple Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) signals. The results reveal significant performance benefits that demonstrate the potential of the SMSE framework to dynamically adapt to changing environmental conditions-key functionality required for future SDR implementations. C1 [Like, E. C.; Temple, M. A.; Gustafson, S. C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Like, EC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-3434-3 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2009 BP 4458 EP 4463 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQG15 UT WOS:000280922202074 ER PT S AU Allen, JN Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, HS Ewing, RL AF Allen, Jacob N. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI Agile Hardware Development with Rapid Hardware Definition Language SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRO/INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SE International Conference on Electro Information Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology CY JUN 07-09, 2009 CL Windsor, CANADA SP IEEE AB Rapid HDL is a hardware definition language developed in C# for the Microsoft Net platform. Rapid HDL unifies digital FPGA hardware development and co-software integration. Hardware is scripted using reusable software objects, communication between hardware and software is automatic, and synthesis is automated using a free tool chain. Rapid HDL represents 18,000 lines of code and is freely available under the MIT license. C1 [Allen, Jacob N.; Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Hoda S.] Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Syst Design Lab, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Allen, JN (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Microelect Syst Design Lab, Rochester Hills, MI 48309 USA. FU [FA8650-04-2-4201]; [RSC04025] FX This work is partially supported by a research grant #FA8650-04-2-4201, No. RSC04025, Task 1 from the AFRL (2007- 2009). Views and conclusions herein are those of the authors, and not necessarily the views of the US Air Force or the US government. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0357 BN 978-1-4244-3354-4 J9 INT CONF ELECTRO INF PY 2009 BP 381 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNE68 UT WOS:000274280700074 ER PT B AU Lidowski, RL Mullins, BE Baldwin, RO AF Lidowski, Robert L. Mullins, Barry E. Baldwin, Rusty O. GP IEEE TI A Novel Communications Protocol Using Geographic Routing for Swarming UAVs Performing a Search Mission SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS (PERCOM), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications CY MAR 09-13, 2009 CL Galveston, TX SP IEEE DE geographic' routing'; unmanned' aerial' vehicles'; communications' AB This paper develops a novel communications protocol for autonomous swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) searching a 2-dimensional grid. The search protocol, the UAV Search Mission Protocol (USMP), combines inter-UAV communication with geographic routing to improve search efficiency in terms of total searches, distance traveled by UAVs, and the minimization of UAV direction changes. By determining where search state updates impact search decisions, messages are geographically routed to improve search efficiency. USMP and the geographic greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR) protocol are studied via simulation using OPNET Modeler 12.0. Geographic routing degrades performance by at least 20% in total searches and distance traveled, but improves direction changes by 6.7%. Overall, USMP improves performance by as much as 188% compared to scenarios without inter-UAV communication. C1 [Lidowski, Robert L.; Mullins, Barry E.; Baldwin, Rusty O.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH USA. RP Lidowski, RL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3303-2 PY 2009 BP 162 EP 168 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BKO10 UT WOS:000268744400019 ER PT S AU Hardman, N Colombi, J Jacques, D Hill, R Miller, J AF Hardman, Nicholas Colombi, John Jacques, David Hill, Raymond Miller, Janet GP IEEE TI Application of a Seeded Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for User Interface Design SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS (SMC 2009), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 11-14, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE User interface design; human performance modeling; genetic algorithm; pattern search; human-computer interaction; human-machine interface AB Studies have established that computer user interface (UI) design is a primary contributor to people's experiences with modern technology; however, current UI development remains more art than quantifiable science. In this paper, we study the use of search algorithms to predict optimal display layouts early in system design. This has the potential to greatly reduce the cost and improve the quality of UI development. Specifically, we demonstrate a hybrid genetic algorithm and pattern search optimization process that makes use of human performance modeling to quantify known design principles. We show how this approach can be tailored by capturing contextual factors in order to properly seed and tune the genetic algorithm. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of this process to discover superior layouts as compared to manual qualitative methods. C1 [Hardman, Nicholas; Colombi, John; Jacques, David; Hill, Raymond] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Miller, Janet] Human Performance Wing 711th, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hardman, N (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nicholas.hardman@afit.edu FU 711th Human Performance Wing; Human Effectiveness Division FX This work was supported in part by the 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Division. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4244-2793-2 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2009 BP 462 EP + DI 10.1109/ICSMC.2009.5346789 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BPP02 UT WOS:000279574600079 ER PT S AU Repperger, DW Warm, JS Vidulich, MA Finomore, VS AF Repperger, D. W. Warm, J. S. Vidulich, M. A. Finomore, V. S. GP IEEE TI Positive and Negative Predictive Power as an Aid in Robust/Dynamic Decision Making SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS (SMC 2009), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 11-14, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE signal detection theory; dynamic decision making AB The diagnostic capability of using positive and negative predictive power in dynamic and robust decision making paradigms is explored. Several mathematical formulations are discussed to employ this concept to assist in decision making when human-machine systems may have characteristics that change with time. C1 [Repperger, D. W.; Warm, J. S.; Vidulich, M. A.; Finomore, V. S.] WPAFB, AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), WPAFB, AFRL, 711 HPW, Dayton, OH USA. EM d.repperger@ieee.org; Joel.Warm@wpafb.af.mil; Michael.Vidulich@wpafb.af.mil; Victor.Finomore@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4244-2793-2 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2009 BP 2080 EP 2084 DI 10.1109/ICSMC.2009.5346311 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BPP02 UT WOS:000279574601054 ER PT S AU Roberts, RG Repperger, DW AF Roberts, Rodney G. Repperger, Daniel W. GP IEEE TI On the Absolute Orientation Problem in Computer Vision SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS (SMC 2009), VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics CY OCT 11-14, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX SP IEEE DE Absolute orientation; least squares; polar decomposition ID CLOSED-FORM SOLUTION AB An important problem in computer vision is to determine the orientation of a rigid body in an image. This can be accomplished by matching points or line segments that naturally appear on the object. Several elegant and computationally fast algorithms based on the singular value decomposition and quaternions have been introduced to solve this problem. In this article, the authors first examine the important special case of identifying the attitude of 2D objects and introduce a particularly elegant solution based on the mathematical structure of the complex plane. Motivated by this simple solution to the 2D case, a new derivation of the 3D case based on the polar decomposition is presented. This derivation is in many ways more natural than previous derivations, particularly when the model and data contain no noise. C1 [Roberts, Rodney G.] Florida State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Repperger, Daniel W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roberts, RG (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Eng, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM rroberts@eng.fsu.edu; Daniel.Repperger@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Lab FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Air Force Research Lab. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4244-2793-2 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2009 BP 4142 EP + DI 10.1109/ICSMC.2009.5346717 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BPP02 UT WOS:000279574602109 ER PT S AU Sundberg, R Richtsmeier, S Haren, R AF Sundberg, Robert Richtsmeier, Steven Haren, Raymond GP IEEE TI IMPROVED FULL SPECTRUM CLOUDY SCENE SIMULATION SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE Hyperspectral; Multispectral; Simulation; Scene; Algorithm; Sensor; Visible; Infrared ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING AB This paper will discuss recent improvements made to the MCScene code, a high fidelity model for full optical spectrum (UV through LWIR) hyperspectral image (HSI) simulation MCScene provides an accurate, robust, and efficient means to generate HSI scenes for algorithm validation MCScene utilizes a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo approach for modeling 3D atmospheric radiative transfer (RT) including full treatment of molecular absorption and Rayleigh scattering, aerosol absorption and scattering, and multiple scattering and adjacency effects, as well as scattering from spatially inhomogeneous surfaces, including surface BRDF effects The model includes treatment of land and ocean surfaces, 3D terrain, 3D surface objects, and effects of finite clouds with surface shadowing. This paper will provide an overview of how RI elements are incorporated into the Monte Carlo engine Several new examples of the capabilities of MCScene to simulate 3-dimensional cloud fields will also be discussed, and sample calculations will be presented. C1 [Sundberg, Robert; Richtsmeier, Steven] Spectral Sci Inc, 4 4th Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Haren, Raymond] RYJT, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sundberg, R (reprint author), Spectral Sci Inc, 4 4th Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. FU internal research and development; Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate [F33615-02-C-1167] FX The authors wish to acknowledge Spectral Sciences, Inc. for support under an internal research and development grant and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate for support under contract number F33615-02-C-1167. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-3394-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2009 BP 148 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5416907 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BQI05 UT WOS:000281054100038 ER PT S AU Berk, A Acharya, P Anderson, G Gossage, B AF Berk, Alexander Acharya, Prabhat Anderson, Gail Gossage, Brett GP IEEE TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MODTRAN (R) ATMOSPHERIC MODEL AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HYPERSPECTRAL COMPENSATION SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE Hyperspectral Imaging; Remote Sensing; Atmospheric Correction; Radiative Transfer; MODTRAN (R) AB Recent developmental efforts involving in the MODTRAN (R) atmospheric radiative transport model and derivative codes have led to advancements with important implications for hyperspectral imaging New MODTRAN (R) features include (a) direct computation of diffuse transmittance and spherical albedo data, (b) two options for computing multiple line-of-sight (MLOS) radiances using a single DISORT scattering calculation for each spectral wavelength or channel and (c) enhancements to the treatment of Earth's curvature effects on scattered radiances C1 [Berk, Alexander; Acharya, Prabhat] Spectral Sci Inc, 4 4th Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Anderson, Gail] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Gossage, Brett] Invariant Corp, Huntsville, AL 35802 USA. RP Berk, A (reprint author), Spectral Sci Inc, 4 4th Ave, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-3394-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2009 BP 513 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5418058 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BQI05 UT WOS:000281054100130 ER PT S AU Felde, GW Anderson, GP Cooley, TW McMullen, RW AF Felde, Gerald W. Anderson, Gail P. Cooley, Thomas W. McMullen, Robert W. GP IEEE TI ATMOSPHERIC COMPENSATION FOR IMAGING SPECTROMETER SYSTEMS WITH CHANGING IMAGING GEOMETRY SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 12-17, 2009 CL Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA SP IEEE DE Atmospheric compensation; imaging spectrometer; hyperspectral imagery; FLAASH AB Spectral radiance measurements in the solar reflective regime, which are obtained from downward looking space-based or airborne imaging spectrometer systems must be compensated for the influence of the atmosphere in order to retrieve earth surface reflectance spectra The Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) atmospheric correction code was updated with a new option to handle measurements from a new pushbroom sensor system having a continuously varying viewing geometry over an Image scene. However, the new technique employed in FLAASH to handle this atmospheric compensation scenario does not explicitly account for the different viewing geometry values for each line in an image scene, which causes some error in the FLAASH retrievals Simulated radiance cubes are used to gain a quantitative understanding of FLAASH retrieval errors due to viewing geometry errors C1 [Felde, Gerald W.; Anderson, Gail P.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. [Cooley, Thomas W.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [McMullen, Robert W.] Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Felde, GW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4244-3394-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2009 BP 521 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5418060 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BQI05 UT WOS:000281054100132 ER PT B AU Alexander, DR Philpy, S Pierce, D AF Alexander, David R. Philpy, Stephen Pierce, Donald GP IEEE TI Qualification & Reliability Monitoring for Small Quantity ASIC Populations SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 26-30, 2009 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE ASICs; lifetime; qualification; reliability AB The authors present a discussion of the issues and an approach for qualification and reliability monitoring for small quantity ASICs used in long lifetime applications. Special attention is given to issues associated with sub-100 nm technologies and the unique challenges posed by new materials and processes. C1 [Alexander, David R.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Philpy, Stephen] Microelect Res & Dev Corp, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Pierce, Donald] Sandia Technologies Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Alexander, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM dralexa@comcast.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2888-5 PY 2009 BP 244 EP + DI 10.1109/IRPS.2009.5173257 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BMF10 UT WOS:000272068100039 ER PT B AU Altshuler, EE Best, SR O'Donnell, TH Herscovici, N AF Altshuler, Edward E. Best, Steven R. O'Donnell, Terry H. Herscovici, Naftali GP IEEE TI An Electrically-Small Multi-Frequency Genetic Antenna Immersed in a Dielectric Powder SO 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY: SMALL ANTENNAS AND NOVEL METAMATERIALS (IWAT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology CY MAR 02-04, 2009 CL Santa Monica, CA SP IEEE C1 [Altshuler, Edward E.; O'Donnell, Terry H.; Herscovici, Naftali] USAF, Res Lab, Div Electromagnet Technol, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Altshuler, EE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Div Electromagnet Technol, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM edward.altshuler@hanscom.af.mil; sbest@mitre.org; teresa.odonnell.ctr@hanscom.af.mil; naftali.herscovici@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Arthur Yaghjian, Steven Best, and Tuli Herscovici for helpful discussions. This research was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4395-6 PY 2009 BP 445 EP 447 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BKC48 UT WOS:000267753800113 ER PT S AU Li, AG Burggraf, LW Phillips, DM AF Li, Alex G. Burggraf, Larry W. Phillips, David M. GP IEEE TI Nanometer-Scale Elastic Modulus of Surfaces and Thin Films determined using an Atomic Force Microscope SO 2009 IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MATERIALS AND DEVICES CONFERENCE SE IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference CY JUN 02-05, 2009 CL Traverse City, MI SP IEEE DE Atomic Force Microscopy; Nanomechanics; Surface; Acoustics ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; AFM AB A versatile acoustic method using a commercial atomic force microscope (AFM) was developed to measure surface stiffness at nanometerscales. Calibrated measurements of acoustic reflections at interfaces between the AFM tip and the surfaces of reference and test materials yielded near-surface interfacial stiffness, from which the elastic modulus was determined using a simple contact mechanics model. The utility and versatility of this method were demonstrated by determining elastic modulus relaxation for surfaces and thin films, including a freshly exposed, reconstructing epoxy surface, and by probing depth-dependent elastic modulus for thin polystyrene films on oxidized silicon substrates. C1 [Li, Alex G.; Burggraf, Larry W.] AF Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Phillips, David M.] AF Res Lab, Materials & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, AG (reprint author), AF Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alex.li@afit.edu FU AFMC NSS/CXDC; United States Air Force; Department of Defense; U.S. Government FX This research was partially sponsored by AFMC NSS/CXDC. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not reflect official position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2378-377X BN 978-1-4244-4695-7 J9 IEEE NANOTECHNOL MAT PY 2009 BP 104 EP + DI 10.1109/NMDC.2009.5167570 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BMU53 UT WOS:000273600300027 ER PT S AU Boyce, NO Kowash, BR Wehe, DK AF Boyce, Nathan O. Kowash, Benjamin R. Wehe, David K. BE Yu, B TI Thermal Neutron Imaging with a Rotationally Modulated Collimator (RMC) SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB The Rotating Modulation Collimator has been modified to image thermal neutron sources. The components of the RMC imaging system were modified to suit thermal neutrons. The experiment compared two detectors (He3 and BF3) and two mask materials (cadmium and borated epoxy) for a 77mCi PuBe source. Preliminary results indicate that both He3 and BF3 detectors may be used with the RMC. Further efforts will be made to reduce the uncertainty in the system. C1 [Boyce, Nathan O.; Kowash, Benjamin R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Boyce, NO (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Nathan.Boyce@afit.edu; Benjamin.Kowash@afit.edu; dkw@umich.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1129 EP 1133 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402407 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100244 ER PT S AU Williams, C Slaughter, R Burggraf, L Ross, M Adamson, P Petrosky, J AF Williams, Christopher Slaughter, Robert Burggraf, Larry Ross, Mathew Adamson, Paul Petrosky, James BE Yu, B TI Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy of Dodecaborate Cage Molecules in Aqueous Nitrate Solutions SO 2009 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference 2009 CY OCT 25-31, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Sect, IEEE AB A fast-fast PALS spectrometer incorporating two BaF(2) scintillation detectors was characterized. The PALS spectrometer was employed to measure a model explosives system having nitrate oxidizing sites and B(12)H(12)(-2) reducing sites. Positron annihilation lifetimes and intensities were measured for nitrogen-purged aqueous solutions containing various concentrations of potassium dodecahydrododecaborate K(2)B(12)H(12) and potassium nitrate with added carrier-free (22)NaCl. Data analysis was accomplished using the PALSfit software program. The influence of electron scavenging and competition by nitrate ions was measured for various concentrations of potassium nitrate. Suppression of positronium formation by nitrate ions at 5 M concentration was greater for o-Ps than for p-Ps in 0.42 M dodecahydrododecaborate solution. At concentrations above 10(-2) M dodecahydrododecaborate only solutions the B(12)H(12)(-2) anion suppressed p-Ps formation. C1 [Williams, Christopher; Slaughter, Robert; Ross, Mathew; Adamson, Paul; Petrosky, James] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Williams, C (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM cwilliam@afit.edu; robert.slaughter@afit.edu; larry.burggraf@afit.edu; mathew.ross@army.mil; paul.adamson@kirtland.af.mil; james.petrosky@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-3961-4 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2009 BP 1579 EP 1584 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5402266 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BQA51 UT WOS:000280505100344 ER PT B AU Parker, JV Roth, CE Coffey, SK Lehr, FM Degnan, JH AF Parker, J. V. Roth, C. E. Coffey, S. K. Lehr, F. M. Degnan, J. H. GP IEEE TI PERFORMANCE OF A COMPACT, CASCADE FCG SYSTEM SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB A system of two FCG's coupled via "flux-trapping" is described. The driver FCG, designated SAM, was custom-designed for this application. The output of SAM is a single-turn loop that is tightly coupled to the first winding section of a larger FCG, designated JILL. The single-turn driver loop, coupled to 35 turns of the input winding of JILL, provides a calculated flux gain of 28. For the first experimental test of the SAM/JILL system, the SAM generator was seeded with 1.0 kA (flux 0.29 Wb) and produced a current of 472 kA (flux 0.10 Wb) in the coupling loop at crowbar time of the JILL generator. Based on the calculated mutual inductance of 5.95 mu H, the JILL generator began operation with a seed flux of 2.81 Wb. With this seed flux, the expected output current for JILL driving a 0.8 mu H load is 1.8 MA. The measured output current was 884 kA, roughly one half of the expected current. Analysis of the I-dot data from the test shows that this low performance was due to multiple electrical breakdowns in the JILL generator during the interval when the armature-stator contact point was underneath the coupling loop. Subsequent analysis suggests that the electrical breakdowns were the result of flux compression in the coupling loop. Details of the experiment and analysis will be presented. A modification to the SAM/JILL apparatus is proposed to eliminate electrical breakdown. C1 [Parker, J. V.; Roth, C. E.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 2109 Air Pk Rd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Coffey, S. K.] NumerEx LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Lehr, F. M.; Degnan, J. H.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Parker, JV (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 2109 Air Pk Rd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 175 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800033 ER PT B AU Ruden, EL Brown, DJ Kostora, MR Grabowski, TC Gregg, CW Martinez, BM Parker, JV Camacho, JF Coffey, SK Poulsen, P AF Ruden, E. L. Brown, D. J. Kostora, M. R. Grabowski, T. C. Gregg, C. W. Martinez, B. M. Parker, J. V. Camacho, J. F. Coffey, S. K. Poulsen, P. GP IEEE TI DAMPING RESONANT CURRENT IN A SPARK-GAP TRIGGER CIRCUIT TO REDUCE NOISE SO 2009 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, POWEREX, TECH X, Gen Atom Elect Syst, HVR, Silicon Power, Stangenes Ind, Appl Energet, ABB, SBE, ULTRAVOLT, Barth Elect, pulsetech, TDK LAMBDA, Kumamoto Univ, Diversified Technologies, CKE, HVCA AB Radio frequency (RF) interference (noise) caused by the triggering of spark-gap switched pulsed-power circuits is a significant problem for electronic diagnostics. Traditional approaches to mitigation involve using RF-tight enclosures, noise resistant diagnostic designs, power filtering, and/or time-integration of signals. These approaches can be costly, and not always successful. A detailed study of the source of this noise is undertaken motivated by an experiment using a charged coaxial cable triggered rail-gap (multichannel linear spark-gap) switched system based on a quarter-module of AFRL's Shiva Star Capacitor Bank. For this, the noise interferes with an unintegrated measurement needed of the load's local electric field. The noise source is identified as resonant current oscillation after rail-gap closure in the circuit triggering the rail-gaps. The solution in this case is to replace the 50 Omega trigger cable with one with half that impedance, and install a carbon composite resistor in series with the cable output with a resistance equal to the new cable's impedance. The output impedance of the trigger circuit and, therefore, the rail-gap current behavior during breakdown is thereby preserved, but reflections back into the cable after switch closure are minimized by impedance matched resistance termination. In practice, termination is compromised by lead inductance and blocking capacitors, but near-critical damping of subsequent resonant behavior is nonetheless observed. A circuit model of this behavior is validated to help adapt and optimize the technique for other systems. C1 [Ruden, E. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL RDHP, 3550 Aberdeen Blvd SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Brown, D. J.; Kostora, M. R.; Grabowski, T. C.; Gregg, C. W.; Martinez, B. M.; Parker, J. V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Camacho, J. F.; Coffey, S. K.] NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Poulsen, P.] CAREN Co Livermore, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL RDHP, 3550 Aberdeen Blvd SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4064-1 PY 2009 BP 1189 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPZ37 UT WOS:000280423800236 ER PT S AU Fuhrmann, DR Browning, JP Rangaswamy, M AF Fuhrmann, Daniel R. Browning, J. Paul Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI AMBIGUITY FUNCTION ANALYSIS FOR THE HYBRID MIMO PHASED-ARRAY RADAR SO 2009 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 04-08, 2009 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Coastal, Los Angeles Sect, JPL, GRSS, MTT S, aess AB The Hybrid MIMO Phased Array Radar, or HMPAR, is a notional concept for a multisensor radar architecture that combines elements of traditional phased-array radar with the emerging technology of Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar. A HMPAR comprises a large number, MP, of T/R elements, organized into M subarrays of P elements each. Within each subarray, passive element-level phase shifting is used to steer transmit and receive beams in some desired fashion. Each of the M subarrays are in turn driven by independently amplified phase-coded signals. This paper derives a version of the radar ambiguity function that is appropriate for this radar architecture. The ambiguity function is a function of time delay, Doppler frequency shift, and two or more spatial variables. An illustrative example for a particular MIMO signal set is given. C1 [Fuhrmann, Daniel R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Browning, J. Paul; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Royal Signals Proc Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fuhrmann, DR (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the auspices of the 2008 ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-2870-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2009 BP 26 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKN77 UT WOS:000268721800006 ER PT S AU Fuller, DF Saville, MA AF Fuller, Dane F. Saville, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Rapid Extraction of Doubly-Curved Scattering Centers for Automobile Detection in the Presence of Clutter SO 2009 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 04-08, 2009 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Coastal, Los Angeles Sect, JPL, GRSS, MTT S, aess ID CLEAN TECHNIQUE AB This paper presents an algorithm for low-order automobile detection based on doubly-curved surface scattering phenomenon. As reported in recent works, detection based on doubly-curved scattering features is possible because automobiles consist of scattering centers that are characteristic of canonical shapes. Using a basis consisting of frequency dependent functions from well-known shapes, the proposed algorithm exploits frequency invariance of doubly-curved scattering centers to locate possible automobile scatterers in wideband radar data. The algorithm compares the magnitudes of two coarse images constructed from a single set of wideband data. Details of the basis, size of the partitions, and a demonstration with measured radar data are presented. While more work remains, the results begin to establish a performance baseline for rapidly detecting automobiles in time-sensitive applications. C1 [Fuller, Dane F.; Saville, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fuller, DF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dane.fuller@afit.edu; Michael.saville@afit.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-2870-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2009 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKN77 UT WOS:000268721800014 ER PT S AU Wang, P Li, HB Himed, B AF Wang, Pu Li, Hongbin Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI A Simplified Parametric GLRT for STAP Detection SO 2009 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 04-08, 2009 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Coastal, Los Angeles Sect, JPL, GRSS, MTT S, aess ID ADAPTIVE SIGNAL-DETECTION C1 [Wang, Pu; Li, Hongbin] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, RYRT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM pwang4@stevens.edu; hli@stevens.edu; Braham.Himed@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, Pu/I-7715-2012 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8750-05-2-0001] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract number FA8750-05-2-0001. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-2870-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2009 BP 107 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKN77 UT WOS:000268721800022 ER PT S AU Deming, RW Parker, JT AF Deming, Ross W. Parker, Jason T. GP IEEE TI An Iterative Inverse-Scattering Approach to Distributed Sensing SO 2009 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 04-08, 2009 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Coastal, Los Angeles Sect, JPL, GRSS, MTT S, aess ID DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; ALGORITHM AB The Kaczmarz method is widely used in computed tomography applications to iteratively solve large inverse problems for which a direct solution is computationally prohibitive, In this paper, the Kaczmarz method is generalized to handle sparse frequency data collected from sparse, spatially distributed, multistatic sensors. In addition, the developed algorithm provides a mathematical solution to the underlying diffraction tomography problem described by the scalar wave equation under the Born approximation. The formulation avoids computing the pseudoinverse of a large forward operator while still converging to the true minimum norm solution to the scattering problem, and the resulting reconstructed images are superior to the matched filter results often employed in SAR/ISAR applications. A fast version of the algorithm that exploits circular symmetries in the sensor geometry is also described. C1 [Deming, Ross W.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Parker, Jason T.] Wright Patterson AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deming, RW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM ross.deming@hanscom.af.mil; jason.parker@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR of Arje Nachman FX This work was supported in part by an AFOSR laboratory task under the direction of Arje Nachman. Thanks are also due to Mr. Justin Bracken, who provided the WIPL-D simulation results included herein. We would also like to thank Professor Lee Potter and the anonymous reviewers for providing insightful comments on this manuscript. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-2870-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2009 BP 122 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKN77 UT WOS:000268721800025 ER PT S AU Majumder, U Soumekh, M Minardi, M Scarborough, S Gorham, L Casteel, C Judge, M Kirk, J AF Majumder, Uttam Soumekh, Mehrdad Minardi, Michael Scarborough, Steven Gorham, LeRoy Casteel, Curtis Judge, Matthew Kirk, John GP IEEE TI Synthetic Aperture Radar Moving Target Indication Processing of Along-Track Monopulse Nonlinear Gotcha Data SO 2009 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 04-08, 2009 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Coastal, Los Angeles Sect, JPL, GRSS, MTT S, aess ID SAR; RECONNAISSANCE AB This paper is concerned with imaging and moving target detection using a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) platform that is known as Gotcha. The SAR platform can interrogate a scene using an imperfect circular trajectory; we refer to this as nonlinear SAR data collection. This collection can make monostatic and quasi-monostatic measurements in the along-track domain. We present subaperture-based wavefront reconstruction algorithms for motion compensation and imaging from this nonlinear SAR database. We also discuss adaptive filtering algorithms to construct MTI imagery from the two receiver channels of the system. Results will be provided. C1 [Majumder, Uttam; Soumekh, Mehrdad; Minardi, Michael; Scarborough, Steven; Gorham, LeRoy; Casteel, Curtis; Judge, Matthew] USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kirk, John] Goleta Star LLC, Torrance, CA 90505 USA. RP Majumder, U (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Uttam.majumder@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-2870-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2009 BP 226 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKN77 UT WOS:000268721800047 ER PT S AU Wicks, MC AF Wicks, Michael C. GP IEEE TI A Brief History of Waveform Diversity SO 2009 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 04-08, 2009 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Coastal, Los Angeles Sect, JPL, GRSS, MTT S, aess ID DESIGN; RADAR AB The U.S. Air Force has set an ambitious goal to be able to anticipate, find, fix, track, target, engage, and assess anything, anytime, anywhere [1]. We will not achieve order of magnitude improvement in detection and tracking performance solely through larger antennas and more power. Instead, advanced signal processing techniques and system concepts will be required. Achieving the sought after demanding goals will instead require a distributed network of heterogeneous sensors. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wicks, MC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-2870-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2009 BP 328 EP 333 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKN77 UT WOS:000268721800068 ER PT S AU Linnehan, R Schindler, J AF Linnehan, Robert Schindler, John GP IEEE TI Multistatic Scattering from Moving Targets in Multipath Environments SO 2009 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 04-08, 2009 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Coastal, Los Angeles Sect, JPL, GRSS, MTT S, aess AB We are examining the feasibility of ground target detection and tracking in urban centers using ground moving target indicator (GMTI) radar when line-of-sight (LOS) coverage is intermittent, yet multipath responses from building walls are available. We enhance the standard ray-tracing propagation methods that assume specular wall reflections and point scattering target models. Our two-dimensional analysis includes near field reradiation from the illuminated wall to a target having a multistatic response. We also evaluate the degradation of power and coherency in the signal processing due to wall surface roughness. Results of this work provide insight for the development of processing techniques that may he required for multipath exploitation radar. C1 [Linnehan, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Schindler, John] Hanscom AFB, Gen Dynam IT, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Linnehan, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM robert.linnehan@us.af.mil FU Strategic Technology Office FX The authors would like to thank the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Strategic Technology Office for their support. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-2870-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2009 BP 1066 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKN77 UT WOS:000268721800218 ER PT B AU Karagozler, ME Goldstein, SC Reid, JR AF Karagozler, Mustafa Emre Goldstein, Seth Copen Reid, J. Robert GP IEEE TI Stress-driven MEMS Assembly plus Electrostatic Forces=1mm Diameter Robot SO 2009 IEEE-RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 10-15, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc (RA), Robot Soc Japan (RSJ), Soc Instruments & Control Engn, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Inst Control, Robot & Syst Korea, ABB, Barrett Technol, Inc, Willow Garage, ROBOTIS, Aldebaran Robot AB As the size of the modules in a self-reconfiguring modular robotic system shrinks and the number of modules increases, the flexibility of the system as a whole increases. In this paper, we describe the manufacturing methods and mechanisms for a 1 millimeter diameter module which can be manufactured en masse. The module is the first step towards realizing the basic unit of claytronics, a modular robotic system designed to scale to millions of units. C1 [Karagozler, Mustafa Emre] Carnegie Mellon Univ, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Goldstein, Seth Copen] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Reid, J. Robert] AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Karagozler, ME (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM mkaragoz@andrew.cmu.edu; James.Reid@hanscom.af.mil FU NSF [CNS-0428738, ITR-0326054]; AFRL; Intel Corporation FX This work was supported in part by NSF Grants CNS-0428738, ITR-0326054, AFRL, and Intel Corporation. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3803-7 PY 2009 BP 2763 EP 2769 DI 10.1109/IROS.2009.5354049 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BSQ11 UT WOS:000285372901141 ER PT B AU Hooper, DJ Peterson, GL Borghetti, BJ AF Hooper, Daylond J. Peterson, Gilbert L. Borghetti, Brett J. GP IEEE TI Dynamic Coalition Formation Under Uncertainty SO 2009 IEEE-RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 10-15, 2009 CL St. Louis, MO SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engn, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Inst Control, Robot & Syst Korea, ABB, Barrett Technol, Inc, Willow Garage, ROBOTIS, Aldebaran Robot AB Coalition formation algorithms are generally not applicable to real-world robotic collectives since they lack mechanisms to handle uncertainty. Those mechanisms that do address uncertainty either deflect it by soliciting information from others or apply reinforcement learning to select an agent type from within a set. This paper presents a coalition formation mechanism that directly addresses uncertainty while allowing the agent types to fall outside of a known set. The agent types are captured through a novel agent modeling technique that handles uncertainty through a belief-based evaluation mechanism. This technique allows for uncertainty in environmental data, agent type, coalition value, and agent cost. An investigation of both the effects of adding agents on processing time and of model quality on the convergence rate of initial agent models (and thereby coalition quality) is provided. This approach handles uncertainty on a larger scale than previous work and provides a mechanism readily applied to a dynamic collective of real-world robots. C1 [Hooper, Daylond J.; Peterson, Gilbert L.; Borghetti, Brett J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hooper, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daylond.hooper@afit.edu; gilbert.peterson@afit.edu; brett.borghetti@afit.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3803-7 PY 2009 BP 4799 EP 4804 DI 10.1109/IROS.2009.5354319 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BSQ11 UT WOS:000285372902157 ER PT B AU Wang, WJ Chatterjee, M Kwiat, K AF Wang, Wenjing Chatterjee, Mainak Kwiat, Kevin GP IEEE TI Coexistence with Malicious Nodes: A Game Theoretic Approach SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GAME THEORY FOR NETWORKS (GAMENETS 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Game Theory for Networks CY MAY 13-15, 2009 CL Bogazici Univ, Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE Control Syst Soc (CSS), CREATE NET, ICST, Istanbul Bilgi Univ, Tubitak, CSS HO Bogazici Univ AB In this paper, we use game theory to study the interactions between a malicious node and a regular node in wireless networks with unreliable channels. Since the malicious nodes do not reveal their identities to others, it is crucial for the regular nodes to detect them through monitoring and observation. We model the malicious node detection process as a Bayesian game with imperfect information and show that a mixed strategy perfect Bayesian Nash Equilibrium (also a sequential equilibrium) is attainable. While the equilibrium in the detection game ensures the identification of the malicious nodes, we argue that it might not be profitable to isolate the malicious nodes upon detection. As a matter of fact, malicious nodes and regular nodes can co-exist as long as the destruction they bring is less than the contribution they make. To show how we can utilize the malicious nodes, a post-detection game between the malicious and regular nodes is formalized. Solution to this game shows the existence of a subgame perfect Nash Equilibrium and the conditions that achieve the equilibrium. Simulation results and their discussions are also provided to illustrate the properties of the derived equilibria. C1 [Wang, Wenjing; Chatterjee, Mainak] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin] Informat Directorate, Air Force Res lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Wang, WJ (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM wenjing@eecs.ucf.edu; mainak@eecs.ucf.edu; kevin.kwiat@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the federal [FA9550-07-1-0023]; AT&T Graduate Fellowship in Modeling and Simulation; [88ABW-2008-1164]; [02DEC08] FX Emails: {wenjing, mainak}@eecs.ucf.edu, kevin.kwiat@rl.af.mil. This research was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the federal grant no. FA9550-07-1-0023 and AT&T Graduate Fellowship in Modeling and Simulation. Approved for Public Release; distribution unlimited; 88ABW-2008-1164, 02DEC08. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4176-1 PY 2009 BP 277 EP + DI 10.1109/GAMENETS.2009.5137411 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Mathematics; Telecommunications GA BNH33 UT WOS:000274558900036 ER PT B AU Deng, H Himed, B AF Deng, Hai Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Virtual Radar Antenna Beamforming Using Orthogonal Coding Waveforms SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY AND DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY FEB 08-13, 2009 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SELEX, NORTHROP GRUMMAN, Capraro Technol, ANDRO Computat Solut, IEEE, AESS, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, APS, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc AB In this paper, an innovative approach to form virtual radar antenna beams is proposed. These virtual beams are shown to be equivalent to those obtained with a traditional phased array of the same size in term of antenna gain and resolution. These beams are formed through digital filtering and using orthogonal coding waveforms. It is shown that using multiple beam forming filters, multiple virtual beams can simultaneously be formed, each having maximum gain and finest resolution. C1 [Deng, Hai] Univ N Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Himed, Braham] AFRL, RYRT, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Deng, H (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM Hai.Deng@unt.edu; Braham.Himed@wpafb.af.mil NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2970-7 PY 2009 BP 18 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2009.4800306 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BJX47 UT WOS:000267356300005 ER PT B AU Lo Monte, L Ansari, R Erricolo, D Wicks, MC AF Lo Monte, Lorenzo Ansari, Rashid Erricolo, Danilo Wicks, Michael C. GP IEEE TI The Use of Geometric Diversity for Spectral Dominance in Underground Imaging SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY AND DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY FEB 08-13, 2009 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SELEX, NORTHROP GRUMMAN, Capraro Technol, ANDRO Computat Solut, IEEE, AESS, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, APS, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc ID GEOPHYSICAL DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; BORN APPROXIMATION; INVERSE SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; OBJECTS AB Underground imaging of dielectric and conductive anomalies performed using ground penetrating radars (GPRs) requires expensive wideband systems to increase the resolution. The advent of tomographic principles in multi-monostatic GPRs dramatically improved the imaging capabilities and suggested the possibility of reducing the bandwidth of the probing waveform. In this work we propose to extend the tomographic principles to the case of below-ground distributed sensing, thus taking advantage of the geometric diversity. We show that, by using geometric diversity, the frequency content required to image below-ground targets is drastically reduced to virtually a single monochromatic signal, thus achieving full spectral dominance in the waveform design. C1 [Lo Monte, Lorenzo; Ansari, Rashid; Erricolo, Danilo] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Wicks, Michael C.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY USA. RP Lo Monte, L (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM lomonte@ece.uic.edu; Michael.wicks@rl.af.mil OI Erricolo, Danilo/0000-0001-6352-9567 FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors are thankful to Mr. W. Baldygo, Air Force Research Laboratory, for sponsoring and funding this research. We are also grateful to Mr. J. Parker, Dr. M. Ferrara, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dr. F. Soldovieri, Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche, Italy, Prof. M. Cheney, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, for their technical discussions NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2970-7 PY 2009 BP 55 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2009.4800314 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BJX47 UT WOS:000267356300013 ER PT B AU Beard, TW Temple, MA Mills, RF Raquet, JF AF Beard, T. W. Temple, M. A. Mills, R. F. Raquet, J. F. GP IEEE TI A Hybrid GA-RSM Optimization Process for Coexistent SMSE Waveform Design SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY AND DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY FEB 08-13, 2009 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SELEX, NORTHROP GRUMMAN, Capraro Technol, ANDRO Computat Solut, IEEE, AESS, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, APS, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc AB A hybrid GA-RSM optimization process is introduced for Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) waveform design in a coexistent environment containing a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) system. Expanding upon previous efforts that used independent CA and RSM techniques under perfect DSSS code tracking conditions, a hybrid GA-RSM optimization process is demonstrated here under more realistic conditions with imperfect DSSS code tracking. Two SMSE waveform parameters (number of carriers and carrier bandwidth) are optimized in a coexistent scenario to characterize SMSE impact on Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) bit error rate (P(b)). Hybrid optimization for minimum DSSS P(b) yields SMSE waveform; that were consistent with scenarios having no coexistent SMSE signal present (best-case coexistence). Optimization for maximum DSSS P(b) yields worst-case SMSE-DSSS coexistence with resultant SMSE waveforms being spectrally "matched" to the DSSS signal. C1 [Beard, T. W.; Temple, M. A.; Mills, R. F.; Raquet, J. F.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beard, TW (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2970-7 PY 2009 BP 62 EP 66 DI 10.1109/WDDC.2009.4800315 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BJX47 UT WOS:000267356300014 ER PT B AU Like, EC Temple, MA Gustafson, SC AF Like, E. C. Temple, M. A. Gustafson, S. C. GP IEEE TI Intra-Symbol SMSE Waveform Design Amidst Coexistent 802.11 OFDM Signals SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY AND DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY FEB 08-13, 2009 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SELEX, NORTHROP GRUMMAN, Capraro Technol, ANDRO Computat Solut, IEEE, AESS, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, APS, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc AB Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) waveform designs are optimized in a coexistent environment by independently selecting intra-symbol subcarrier power and modulation order. As demonstrated previously with Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) primary users (PU), SMSE waveform applicability is extended here using a coexistent environment containing multiple OFDM-based 802.11 PU signals. By exploiting statistical knowledge of PU spectral and temporal behavior, the SMSE system throughput (bits/second) can be maximized while adhering to SMSE and PU bit error rate (BER) constraints with mutual coexistent interference limited to manageable levels. Results for the SMSE-802.11 coexistent scenario demonstrate that significant performance improvement is available when the SMSE signal dynamically adapts to PU transmissions. C1 [Like, E. C.; Temple, M. A.; Gustafson, S. C.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Like, EC (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2970-7 PY 2009 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1109/WDDC.2009.4800316 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BJX47 UT WOS:000267356300015 ER PT B AU Bergin, J McNeil, S Fomundam, L Zulch, P AF Bergin, Jameson McNeil, Steven Fomundam, Linda Zulch, Peter GP IEEE TI MIMO Phased-Array for SMTI Radar SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY AND DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY FEB 08-13, 2009 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SELEX, NORTHROP GRUMMAN, Capraro Technol, ANDRO Computat Solut, IEEE, AESS, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, APS, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc C1 [Bergin, Jameson; McNeil, Steven; Fomundam, Linda] Informat Syst Labs Inc, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. [Zulch, Peter] AFRL SNRT, Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Bergin, J (reprint author), Informat Syst Labs Inc, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. EM jsb@isl-inc.com; scm@isl-inc.com; lfomundam@isl-inc.com; Peter.Zulch@rl.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2970-7 PY 2009 BP 123 EP 123 DI 10.1109/WDDC.2009.4800328 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BJX47 UT WOS:000267356300027 ER PT B AU Patton, LK Rigling, BD AF Patton, Lee K. Rigling, Brian D. GP IEEE TI Autocorrelation and modulus constraints in radar waveform optimization SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY AND DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY FEB 08-13, 2009 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SELEX, NORTHROP GRUMMAN, Capraro Technol, ANDRO Computat Solut, IEEE, AESS, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, APS, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE Waveform optimization; similarity constraint; ACS constraints; constant modulus; nonlinear programming ID SIGNAL-DESIGN; SUBJECT; CLUTTER; PERFORMANCE; PEAK AB Two methods of constraining the, waveform autocorrelation sequence (ACS) in a radar waveform optimization problem are compared. The first method directly constrains the envelope of the waveform ACS, whereas the second method indirectly constrains the waveform ACS through the imposition of a similarity constraint. Both methods are imposed in conjunction with constraints on the waveform modulus. The resulting nonlinear programming problems were formulated for a specific example, and solved using standard numerical algorithms. The results indicate that the similarity constraint may not be a useful means of constraining the waveform ACS when the waveform modulus is simultaneously constrained. The results also demonstrate that phase-only optimization can provide a significant decrease in computation time while providing near optimal results. C1 [Patton, Lee K.] USAF, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rigling, Brian D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH USA. RP Patton, LK (reprint author), USAF, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.patton@wpafb.af.mil; brian.rigling@wright.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2970-7 PY 2009 BP 150 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2009.4800335 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BJX47 UT WOS:000267356300034 ER PT B AU Fuhrmann, DR Browning, JP Rangaswamy, M AF Fuhrmann, Daniel R. Browning, J. Paul Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI CONSTANT-MODULUS PARTIALLY CORRELATED SIGNAL DESIGN FOR UNIFORM LINEAR AND RECTANGULAR MIMO RADAR ARRAYS SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY AND DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY FEB 08-13, 2009 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SELEX, NORTHROP GRUMMAN, Capraro Technol, ANDRO Computat Solut, IEEE, AESS, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, APS, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE MIMO radar; transmit beamforming AB A method for generating partially correlated signals that result in arbitrary rectangular transmit beampatterns in a MIMO radar system is described. These signals are computed using frequency-offset complex exponentials (I-D) or Kronecker products of frequency-offset complex exponentials (2-D), followed by pointwise multiplication of the transmit signal vectors by a scalar pseudo-noise spreading sequence. Except for the spreading sequence, which can be pre-computed, the signals are given in closed form and thus require no numerical optimization. The transmit beampattern shape is controlled by one scalar parameter in I-D and two scalar parameters in 2-D. The transmit beampattern is the convolution of a rectangle with a sinc-squared function in I-D, and the separable product of such functions in 2-D. The signals are constant-modulus, have desirable temporal autocorrelation properties, and are simple to compute. C1 [Fuhrmann, Daniel R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Browning, J. Paul; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Fuhrmann, DR (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the auspices of the 2008 ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2970-7 PY 2009 BP 197 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2009.4800344 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BJX47 UT WOS:000267356300043 ER PT B AU Stuff, M Thelen, B Subotic, N Parker, J Browning, JP AF Stuff, Mark Thelen, Brian Subotic, Nikola Parker, Jason Browning, James Paul GP IEEE TI Optimization and Waveforms for Compressive Sensing Applications in the Presence of Interference SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY AND DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY FEB 08-13, 2009 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SELEX, NORTHROP GRUMMAN, Capraro Technol, ANDRO Computat Solut, IEEE, AESS, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, APS, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc AB Compressive sensing concepts have potential applications to multiple RADAR problems, which include Moving Target Indication, and RADAR imaging in two and three spatial dimensions. Currently known sufficient conditions for reliable sparse signal reconstruction do not seem to be directly applicable or practical for some traditional RADAR problems. But experiments and mathematical invariance properties of some reconstruction methods indicate that useful products can often be obtained using these methods for circumstances outside the usual conditions. C1 [Stuff, Mark; Thelen, Brian; Subotic, Nikola] MTRI, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Parker, Jason; Browning, James Paul] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Stuff, M (reprint author), MTRI, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM mark.stuff@mtu.edu; brian.thelen@mtu.edu; nikola.subotic@mtu.edu; Jason.Parker@wpafb.af.mil; James.Browning@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-05-C-0237] FX This work was performed under Air Force Research Laboratory Contract FA8750-05-C-0237. The monitoring office is AFRL/SNRT. The technical point of contact is Mr. Howard Beyer (315)-330-1476. Their support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2970-7 PY 2009 BP 213 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2009.4800347 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BJX47 UT WOS:000267356300046 ER PT B AU Mendelson, H Zulch, P AF Mendelson, Howard Zulch, Peter GP IEEE TI Mitigation of Radar Range Ambiguities via Waveform Diversity SO 2009 INTERNATIONAL WAVEFORM DIVERSITY AND DESIGN CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference CY FEB 08-13, 2009 CL Kissimmee, FL SP SELEX, NORTHROP GRUMMAN, Capraro Technol, ANDRO Computat Solut, IEEE, AESS, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, APS, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc AB The USAF is considering a number of radar systems as a method to achieve persistent intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) over the Earth's surface. A comprehensive approach must be taken that identifies feasible radar system parameters, geometry, area coverage and processing approaches that will provide needed moving target indication MTI (both ground and air) performance. From the signal processing perspective, there are a number of unique technical challenges facing this concept. Issues which will need to be addressed include the restriction of antenna aperture and the need to locate and detect targets at shallow grazing angles These and other phenomenology will impact the ability of algorithms implemented by the system to perform image formation, target detection and parameter estimation. This paper presents a new approach to the problem of radar range ambiguities in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery and surface moving target indication (SMTI). By using a combination a priori knowledge of the collection geometry, orthogonal waveforms and an alternative approach to traditional matched filter processing, it can be shown that the effects of the ambiguities can be mitigated and provide image quality and SMTI performance with little degradation as compared to the non-ambiguous case. C1 [Mendelson, Howard] Trident Syst, 10201 Fairfax Blvd, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zulch, Peter] US Air Force, Res Lab, RIEC, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Mendelson, H (reprint author), Trident Syst, 10201 Fairfax Blvd, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM howard.mendelson@tridsys.com; peter.zulch@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate [F30602-01-C-0150, FA8750-04-C-0230] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, under contract numbers F30602-01-C-0150 and FA8750-04-C-0230 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2970-7 PY 2009 BP 218 EP + DI 10.1109/WDDC.2009.4800348 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BJX47 UT WOS:000267356300047 ER PT B AU Schweitzer, D Boleng, J Hughes, C Murphy, L AF Schweitzer, Dino Boleng, Jeff Hughes, Colin Murphy, Louis BE Frincke, DA Gates, CE Goodall, JR Erbacher, RF TI Visualizing Keyboard Pattern Passwords SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON VISUALIZATION FOR CYBER SECURITY 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Visualization for Cyber Security 2009 CY OCT 11, 2009 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE Comp Soc, Visualizat & Graph Techn Comm DE Visualization; security; passwords AB Passwords are a fundamental security vulnerability in many systems. Several researchers have investigated the tradeoff between password memorability versus resiliency to cracking and have looked at alternative systems such as graphical passwords and biometrics. To create stronger passwords, many systems enforce rules regarding the required length and types of characters passwords must contain. Another suggested approach is to use passphrases to combat dictionary attacks. One common "trick" used to remember passwords that conform to complex rules is to select a pattern of keys on the keyboard. While appearing random, the pattern is easy to remember. The purpose of this research was to investigate how often patterns are used, whether patterns could be classified into common categories, and whether those categories could be used to attack and defeat pattern-based passwords. Visualization techniques were used to collect data and assist in pattern categorization. The approach successfully identified two out of eleven passwords in a real-world password file that were not discovered with a traditional dictionary attack. This paper will present the approach used to collect and categorize patterns, and describe the resulting attack method that successfully identified passwords in a live system. C1 [Schweitzer, Dino; Boleng, Jeff; Hughes, Colin; Murphy, Louis] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFCS, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Schweitzer, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFCS, 6G-101, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM dino.schweitzer@usafa.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5413-6 PY 2009 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BVH52 UT WOS:000291569000009 ER PT B AU Martin, RK AF Martin, Richard K. BE Ibnkahla, M TI Adaptive Equalization for Wireless Channels SO ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SE Electrical Engineering and Applied Signal Processing Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DOUBLY SELECTIVE CHANNELS; SELF-RECOVERING EQUALIZATION; NETWORK ECHO CANCELLATION; CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET; BLIND EQUALIZATION; AUTOMATIC EQUALIZATION; DATA-TRANSMISSION; ML ESTIMATION; QAM SIGNALS; ALGORITHM C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-4601-4 J9 ELECTR ENG APPL SIGN PY 2009 BP 235 EP 268 PG 34 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJY38 UT WOS:000267418300009 ER PT S AU Torvik, PJ AF Torvik, Peter J. BE Lin, HT Zhu, D TI COATINGS FOR ENHANCED PASSIVE DAMPING SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND INTERFACES III SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div ID CERAMIC COATINGS AB The amplitude of vibration in a structure undergoing resonant vibration is governed by the total damping of the system. As the inherent damping of materials suitable for use in the fabrication of structures and machine components is often quite low, increasing the total system damping by including a dissipative material or mechanism can often provide significant reductions in the peak values of response (stress, strain, and displacement), enabling more efficient designs and enhanced performance. Available methodologies include active dampers and such passive techniques as friction and impact dampers and constrained layer treatments. It has also been found that metals and ceramics applied as free-layer hard coatings by plasma spray or electron beam physical vapor deposition add significant damping to vibrating members. In order to incorporate the influence of a damping coating in a prediction of system response during a preliminary design, it is essential that properties of the coating be known. The relevant damping characteristic is a measure of the energy dissipated by a homogeneous unit volume of material undergoing a completely reversed cycle of oscillation. A useful metric for this is the loss modulus. As all of these materials are inherently non-linear, as evidenced by amplitude-dependent measures of damping, determinations of properties must be made at the levels of strain appropriate to the application. Methods for determining the damping properties of materials are discussed, and comparisons are made of the damping of various classes of materials with those of ceramic coatings deposited by plasma spray or electron beam physical vapor deposition. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Xenia, OH USA. RP Torvik, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Xenia, OH USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34495-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 3 EP 18 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJD49 UT WOS:000265016500001 ER PT J AU Wang, G Liaw, PK Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Morrison, ML AF Wang, Gongyoo Liaw, Peter K. Senkov, Oleg N. Miracle, Daniel B. Morrison, Mark L. TI Mechanical and Fatigue Behavior of Ca65Mg15Zn20 Bulk-Metallic Glass SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CA-MG-ZN; COMPRESSIVE STRESS STATES; THERMAL-STABILITY; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; FORMING ABILITY; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; VICKERS INDENTATION; SPLITTING FAILURE; SHEAR BANDS; STRAIN-RATE AB A number of BMGs, such as Zr-, Fe-, Pd-, Al-,and Ni-based alloys, have been discovered after the rapid development of glass-forming alloys during the early 1990s.([1 4]) Ca-Mg-Cu and Ca-Mg-Cu-Ag BMGs were successfully fabricated by Amiya and Inoue in 2002.([5,6]) Following these reports, numerous Ca-based BMG systems have been produced and studied.([5 21]) Ca-based BMG alloys are of interest because of their unique properties, such as low density (similar to 2.0 g cc (1)), low Young's modulus (similar to 17-20 GPa) that is comparable to the modulus of human bones, low glass-transition temperature (T-g similar to 100 degrees C) and a wide super-cooled liquid temperature range (Delta T-xg T-x - T-g approximate to 30-80 C).([15,18]) Elements such as Ca, Mg, and Zn are biocompatible, which makes the Ca-Mg-Zn-based alloys attractive for use in biomedical applications.([18]) The amorphous structure gives unique properties to BMGs, including high elastic strain, high fracture strength, and high fatigue resistance. Although the mechanical behavior of BMGs is studied widely, ([1-4,22,23]) there is no fatigue data for Ca-based BMGs. A comprehensive understanding based on the compression, hardness, and fatigue behavior is critically important for the application of the Ca-based BMGs. In the current paper, the compression behavior, Vickers hardness, and fatigue characteristics of Ca65Mg15Zn20 BMGs were investigated at room temperature in air. A mechanistic understanding of the fatigue and fracture mechanisms of Ca-based BMGs is proposed. C1 [Wang, Gongyoo; Liaw, Peter K.; Morrison, Mark L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Senkov, Oleg N.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Miracle, Daniel B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gwang@utlr.edu RI Wang, Gongyao/C-4003-2011; Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012; BAI, JIE/D-7448-2016; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X; Morrison, Mark/0000-0003-1956-0932 NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1002/adem.200800313 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 418CC UT WOS:000264123800003 ER PT S AU Schrader, K Mullins, B Peterson, G Mills, R AF Schrader, Karl Mullins, Barry Peterson, Gilbert Mills, Robert BA Shenoi, S BF Shenoi, S BE Peterson, G TI TRACKING CONTRABAND FILES TRANSMITTED USING BITTORRENT SO ADVANCES IN DIGITAL FORENSICS V SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IFIP International Conference on Digital Forensics CY JAN 26-28, 2009 CL Natl Ctr Forens Sci, Orlando, FL SP IFIP WG 11 9 HO Natl Ctr Forens Sci DE Peer-to-peer file sharing; Bit Torrent; forensic tool; packet analysis AB This paper describes a digital forensic tool that uses an FPGA-based embedded software application to identify and track contraband digital files shared using the Bit Torrent protocol. The system inspects each packet on a network for a Bit Torrent Handshake message, extracts the "info hash" of the file being shared, compares the hash against a list of known contraband files and, in the event of a match, adds the message to a log file for forensic analysis. Experiments demonstrate that the system is able to successfully capture and process Bit Torrent Handshake messages with a probability of at least 99.0% under a network traffic load of 89.6 Mbps on a 100 Mbps network. C1 [Schrader, Karl; Mullins, Barry; Peterson, Gilbert; Mills, Robert] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schrader, K (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-642-04154-9 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2009 VL 306 BP 159 EP 173 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BQX67 UT WOS:000282066400012 ER PT B AU Pachter, M AF Pachter, Meir BE Bernhard, P Gaitsgory, V Pourtallier, O TI The LQG Game Against Nature SO ADVANCES IN DYNAMIC GAMES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE ANNALS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF DYNAMIC GAMES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Dynamic Games and Applications CY JUL 03-06, 2006 CL Sophia Antipolis, FRANCE DE LQG Game; Stochastic Game; Stochastic Dynamic Programming AB A novel Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control paradigm where the realization of the random disturbance is known at decision time is introduced. A game of chance is played where Nature randomly chooses the disturbance signal and the player, having access to the random disturbance information, employs a feedback/stroboscopic strategy. The closed-form optimal solution is derived and is compared to the solution of the classical LQG problem. Furthermore, the Gaussian assumption is relaxed and the interesting game theoretic interpretation is analyzed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-8176-4833-6 J9 ANN INT SOC DYN GAME PY 2009 VL 10 BP 339 EP 353 DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-4834-3_17 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BJV54 UT WOS:000267264200017 ER PT J AU Mertens, CJ Russell, JM Mlynczak, MG She, CY Schmidlin, FJ Goldberg, RA Lopez-Puertas, M Wintersteiner, PP Picard, RH Winick, JR Xu, XJ AF Mertens, Christopher J. Russell, James M., III Mlynczak, Martin G. She, Chiao-Yao Schmidlin, Francis J. Goldberg, Richard A. Lopez-Puertas, Manuel Wintersteiner, Peter P. Picard, Richard H. Winick, Jeremy R. Xu, Xiaojing TI Kinetic temperature and carbon dioxide from broadband infrared limb emission measurements taken from the TIMED/SABER instrument SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SABER; Temperature; Carbon dioxide (CO2); Infrared remote sensing; Non-LTE ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; THERMAL STRUCTURE; UPPER MESOSPHERE; MESOPAUSE; MODEL; CO2; DENSITY; STORMS AB The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment is one of four instruments on NASA's Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. SABER measures broadband infrared limb emission and derives vertical profiles of kinetic temperature (Tk) from the lower stratosphere to approximately 120 km, and vertical profiles of carbon dioxide (CO,) volume mixing ratio (vmr) from approximately 70 km to 120 km. In this paper we report on SABER Tk/CO2 data in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region from the version 1.06 dataset. The continuous SABER measurements provide an excellent dataset to understand the evolution and mechanisms responsible for the global two-level structure of the mesopause altitude. SABER MLT Tk comparisons with ground-based sodium lidar and rocket falling sphere Tk measurements are generally in good agreement. However, SABER CO2 data differs significantly from TIME-GCM model simulations. Indirect CO2 validation through SABER-lidar MLT Tk comparisons and SABER-radiation transfer comparisons of nighttime 4.3 mu m limb emission suggest the SABER-derived CO, data is a better representation of the true atmospheric MLT CO, abundance compared to model simulations Of CO2 vmr. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Mertens, Christopher J.; Mlynczak, Martin G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [She, Chiao-Yao] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schmidlin, Francis J.] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Goldberg, Richard A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lopez-Puertas, Manuel] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Wintersteiner, Peter P.] ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. [Picard, Richard H.; Winick, Jeremy R.] USAF, Res Labs, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Xu, Xiaojing] SSAI Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Mertens, CJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,MS 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Christopher.J.Mertens@nasa.gov; james.russell@hamptonu.edu; Martin.G.Mlynczak@nasa.gov; joeshe@lamar.colostate.edu; fjs@osb.wff.nasa.gov; Richard.A.Goldberg@nasa.gov; puertas@iaa.es; winters@arcon.com; richard.picard@hanscom.af.mil; jeremy.winick@hanscom.af.mil; xiaojing_xu@ssaihq.com RI Goldberg, Richard /E-1881-2012; Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013 OI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2008.04.017 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 395RP UT WOS:000262541500002 ER PT J AU Jeans, TL Watt, GD Gerber, AG Holloway, AGL Baker, CR AF Jeans, T. L. Watt, G. D. Gerber, A. G. Holloway, A. G. L. Baker, C. R. TI High-Resolution Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Flow Predictions over Axisymmetric Bodies with Tapered Tails SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT VORTICAL FLOWS; SEPARATION AB A comprehensive computational study is performed on two slender axisymmetric streamlined bodies with tapered tails in translation at incidence up to 30 degrees at Reynolds numbers up to 23 x 10(6). The computations are verified with the aid of a parameterized scripted hybrid mesh adapted to the separated wake. They are validated using experimental overall force and longitudinal force distribution measurements from a wind tunnel and towing tank. Overall force predictions using the Reynolds stress and shear stress transport turbulence models are within experimental uncertainty up to 25- and 15-degree incidences, respectively. A comprehensive study is made of the skin friction, surface pressure, and separation lines based on the computational results. Flowfield vorticity from the computations is used to evaluate slender-body assumptions applied to hydrodynamic impulse theory. Force distribution predictions from this theory agree well with direct integration of pressure and wall shear stress for these viscous separated flows. C1 [Watt, G. D.] Def Res & Dev Canada Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 3Z7, Canada. [Gerber, A. G.; Holloway, A. G. L.; Baker, C. R.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Mech Engn, Fredericton, NB E3A 6S3, Canada. RP Jeans, TL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM tiger.jeans.ctr@usafa.edu; george.watt@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; agerber@unb.ca; holloway@unb.ca; w2jcl@unb.ca FU Defence Research and Development Canada and through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grants FX This work has been funded through a contract with Defence Research and Development Canada and through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grants of authors Gerber and Holloway. The authors would also like to acknowledge QinetiQ and the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence for their contribution to the baseline Reynolds stress model Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations oil the Series-58 model 4621 hull, the Institute for Aerospace Research, National Research Council Canada, for their contributions to Defence Research and Development Canada static-test-rig experiments, and the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division for sharing the Series-58 model 4621 data. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.2514/1.30911 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 393AF UT WOS:000262342600002 ER PT J AU Dietrich, JJ Quinn, JM England, RW AF Dietrich, Jeffrey J. Quinn, James M. England, Ronald W. TI Reasons for outpatient consultation in allergy/immunology SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article DE Allergic diagnoses; allergy/immunology; epidemiology; graduate medical education; outpatient consultation; outpatient referral; practice management ID ATTITUDES; CARE AB There is little data in the literature regarding outpatient consultation in allergy/immunology (A/I). The purpose of this study was to determine the relative-frequency of different reasons for A/I outpatient consultation to help guide graduate medical education (GME) and assist with All practice management. We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of all outpatient A/I consultations - from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006. The study was performed at our tertiary care referral center which is a GME training site. There were 1412 A/I consults requested during the 1-year period. The consults per month ranged from a low of 69 to a high of 157. The referrals consisted of 35% pediatric and 65% adult patients. There were 52.8%, female and 47.2% male patients. We received 74.3% of referrals from primary care, 19.8% from specialty care, and 5.9% from the emergency department. The most common reasons for consultation included 808 (57.2%) patients for chronic rhinitis, 288 (20.4%), for asthma, 196 (13.9%) for food allergy, 89 (6.3%) for venom allergy, 68 (4.8%,) for atopic dermatitis, 66 (4.7%) - for drug allergy, 62 (4.4%) for chronic urticaria, 45 (3.2%) for acute urticaria, 34 (2.4%) for immunodeficiency, 37 (2.2%)for anaphylaxis, and 162 (11.5%) for other reasons, More than one reason was given for 27.1% of consults, and there was all average of 1.3 reasons for consultation per patient. Although the allergist/immunologist is consulted fir a variety of reasons, the top three reasons make up a majority of outpatient consults, and consults are Often requested to address more than one diagnosis. C1 [Dietrich, Jeffrey J.; Quinn, James M.; England, Ronald W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Dietrich, JJ (reprint author), Dept Allergy Immunol, 59th MDOS SGOMVA,2200 Berguist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jeffrey.dietrich@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.2500/aap.2009.30.3195 PG 6 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 414HG UT WOS:000263853900011 PM 19331722 ER PT J AU Balls, A LoVecchio, F Stapczynski, SJ Mulrow, M Levine, B Berkely, R Panacek, E Miller, A Norquist, C Riviello, R Ary, R Rodriguez, E Young, J Gross, E Mills, L Zeger, W AF Balls, Adam LoVecchio, Frank Stapczynski, Stephan J. Mulrow, Mary Levine, Brian Berkely, Ross Panacek, Ed Miller, Andrew Norquist, Craig Riviello, Ralph Ary, Roy Rodriguez, Elliot Young, Janet Gross, Eric Mills, Lisa Zeger, Wes TI CLEAR: Central Line Emergency Access Registry The CLEAR project protocol methods paper SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERIZATION C1 [Balls, Adam; LoVecchio, Frank; Stapczynski, Stephan J.; Mulrow, Mary] Maricopa Cty Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Panacek, Ed] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Norquist, Craig] Scottsdale Osborn Healthcare, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Riviello, Ralph] Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Ary, Roy] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Rodriguez, Elliot] SUNY Upstate, Med Ctr Univ, Syracuse, NY USA. [Young, Janet] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Zeger, Wes] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. RP Balls, A (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, SAUSHEC Emergency Med Residency, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM frank.lovecchio@bannerhealth.com NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 1 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2008.08.033 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 385NP UT WOS:000261821200021 PM 19041547 ER PT J AU Belcher, WR AF Belcher, William R. TI The Scientific Investigations of Mass Graves: Towards Protocols and Standard Operating Procedures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Belcher, William R.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI USA. RP Belcher, WR (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1042-0533 EI 1520-6300 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 21 IS 1 BP 137 EP 137 DI 10.1002/ajhb.20845 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 387EJ UT WOS:000261934200022 ER PT J AU Cook, RJ Burns, MS AF Cook, Richard J. Burns, M. Shane TI Interpretation of the cosmological metric SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology; Galaxy; general relativity; red shift; special relativity ID UNIVERSE; SPACE; MISCONCEPTIONS AB The cosmological Robertson-Walker metric of general relativity is often said to have the consequences that (1) the recessional velocity v of a galaxy at proper distance ... obeys the Hubble law v=H..., and therefore galaxies at sufficiently great distance ... are receding faster than the speed of light c; (2) faster than light recession does not violate special relativity theory because the latter is not applicable to the cosmological problem, and because "space itself is receding" faster than c at great distance, and it is velocity relative to local space that is limited by c, not the velocity of distant objects relative to nearby ones; (3) we can see galaxies receding faster than the speed of light; and (4) the cosmological redshift is not a Doppler shift, but is due to a stretching of photon wavelength during propagation in an expanding universe. We present a particular Robertson-Walker metric (an empty universe metric) for which a coordinate transformation shows that none of these interpretation necessarily holds. The resulting paradoxes of interpretation lead to a deeper understanding of the meaning of the cosmological metric. C1 [Cook, Richard J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Burns, M. Shane] Colorado Coll, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. RP Cook, RJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM richard.cook@usafa.edu; sburns@coloradocollege.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 77 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1119/1.2987790 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 415XN UT WOS:000263969900020 ER PT J AU Kotti, GH Morris, MJ Bell, DG AF Kotti, G. H. Morris, M. J. Bell, D. G. TI Are Obstructive Spirometric Indices with FEV1 > 95% a Normal Physiologic Variant. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kotti, G. H.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Morris, M. J.; Bell, D. G.] Brook Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. EM george.kotti@lackland.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 61 BROADWAY, FL 4, NEW YORK, NY 10006 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2009 VL 179 MA A4331 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V29FA UT WOS:000208733103684 ER PT J AU Ner, Y Grote, JG Stuart, JA Sotzing, GA AF Ner, Yogesh Grote, James G. Stuart, Jeffrey A. Sotzing, Gregory A. TI White Luminescence from Multiple-Dye-Doped Electrospun DNA Nanofibers by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE DNA; electrospinning; energy transfer; nanostructures; self-assembly ID SURFACTANT COMPLEX; POLYMER NANOFIBERS; QUANTUM DOTS; THIN-FILMS; EMISSION; DYNAMICS C1 [Sotzing, Gregory A.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Grote, James G.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stuart, Jeffrey A.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Sotzing, GA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Polymer Program, 97 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM sotzing@mail.ims.uconn.edu NR 25 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 38 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 28 BP 5134 EP 5138 DI 10.1002/anie.200900885 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 468IE UT WOS:000267809800010 PM 19504507 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Huang, CY Sharma, RD AF Burke, W. J. Huang, C. Y. Sharma, R. D. TI Stormtime dynamics of the global thermosphere and equatorial ionosphere SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Electric fields and currents; Ionosphere-atmosphere interactions; Ionospheric irregularities ID ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PLASMA BUBBLES; PREREVERSAL ENHANCEMENT; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE; RING CURRENT; MAGNETOSPHERE; DMSP; CLIMATOLOGY; PENETRATION AB During magnetic storms the development of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) and distributions of thermospheric densities are strongly influenced by the histories of imposed magnetospheric electric (epsilon(M)) fields. Periods of intense EPB activity driven by penetration epsilon(M) fields in the main phase are followed by their worldwide absence during recovery. A new method is applied to estimate global thermospheric energy (E(th)) budgets from orbit-averaged densities measured by accelerometers on polar-orbiting satellites. During the main phase of storms Eth increases as long as the stormtime epsilon(M) operates, then exponentially decays toward quiet-time values during early recovery. Some fraction of the energy deposited at high magnetic latitudes during the main phase propagates into the subauroral ionosphere-thermosphere where it affects chemical and azimuthal-wind dynamics well into recovery. We suggest a scenario wherein fossils of main phase activity inhibit full restoration of quiet-time dayside dynamos and pre-reversal enhancements of upward plasma drifts near dusk denying bottomside irregularities sufficient time to grow into EPBs. C1 [Burke, W. J.; Huang, C. Y.; Sharma, R. D.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Burke, W. J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Task [2311SDA3] FX Research summarized here was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Task 2311SDA3 and reflects helpful discussions with David Anderson and Naomi Murayama of the University of Colorado, CIRES and Matthew Hei of Boston College. The authors are especially grateful for the help of L. C. Gentile of Boston College in preparing the manuscript for publication.; Topical Editor K. Kauristie thanks B. Bowman and another anonymous referee for their help in evaluating this paper. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 5 BP 2035 EP 2044 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 450NC UT WOS:000266406300022 ER PT J AU Kalogerakis, KS Slanger, TG Kendall, EA Pedersen, TR Kosch, MJ Gustavsson, B Rietveld, MT AF Kalogerakis, K. S. Slanger, T. G. Kendall, E. A. Pedersen, T. R. Kosch, M. J. Gustavsson, B. Rietveld, M. T. TI Remote Oxygen Sensing by Ionospheric Excitation (ROSIE) SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric composition and structure; Airglow and aurora; Instruments and techniques; Space plasma physics; Active perturbation experiments ID PUMP ENHANCED AIRGLOW; POWERFUL RADIO-WAVES; ARTIFICIAL AIRGLOW; OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; COLLISIONAL EXCITATION; O(1D) ATOMS; F-REGION; O(D-1); THERMOSPHERE; O-2 AB The principal optical observable emission resulting from ionospheric modification (IM) experiments is the atomic oxygen red line at 630 nm, originating from the O((1)D-(3)P) transition. Because the O((1)D) atom has a long radiative lifetime, it is sensitive to collisional relaxation and an observed decay faster than the radiative rate can be attributed to collisions with atmospheric species. In contrast to the common practice of ignoring O-atoms in interpreting such observations in the past, recent experimental studies on the relaxation of O((1)D) by O((3)P) have revealed the dominant role of oxygen atoms in controlling the lifetime of O((1)D) at altitudes relevant to IM experiments. Using the most up-to-date rate coefficients for collisional relaxation of O((1)D) by O, N(2), and O(2), it is now possible to analyze the red line decays observed in IM experiments and thus probe the local ionospheric composition. In this manner, we can demonstrate an approach to remotely detect O-atoms at the altitudes relevant to IM experiments, which we call remote oxygen sensing by ionospheric excitation (ROSIE). The results can be compared with atmospheric models and used to study the temporal, seasonal, altitude and spatial variation of ionospheric O-atom density in the vicinity of heating facilities. We discuss the relevance to atmospheric observations and ionospheric heating experiments and report an analysis of representative IM data. C1 [Kalogerakis, K. S.; Slanger, T. G.] SRI Int, Mol Phys Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kendall, E. A.] SRI Int, Ctr Geospace Studies, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pedersen, T. R.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom Afb, MA USA. [Kosch, M. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. [Gustavsson, B.] Univ Tromso, Dept Phys & Technol, N-9001 Tromso, Norway. [Rietveld, M. T.] EISCAT Sci Assoc, Ramfjordbotn, Norway. RP Kalogerakis, KS (reprint author), SRI Int, Mol Phys Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ksk@sri.com FU US National Science Foundation [ATM-0737713]; AFOSR [2311AS] FX This work is supported by the CEDAR Program of the US National Science Foundation under grant no. ATM-0737713. Work at AFRL was supported by AFOSR task 2311AS. We are indebted to the ISEA-12 committee for the opportunity to present our research and for their efforts in organizing a high-quality meeting. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 5 BP 2183 EP 2189 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 450NC UT WOS:000266406300035 ER PT J AU La Shell, MS Tankersley, MS AF La Shell, Mark S. Tankersley, Michael S. TI Antibiotics for the allergist: part 2 SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS INFECTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; DOUBLE-BLIND; PULMONARY INFLAMMATION; CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS; MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS; ASTHMA EXACERBATIONS; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION AB Objective: To review antibiotic use and selection for disorders commonly seen in allergy practice. Data Sources: MEDLINE searches were performed cross-referencing antibiotic, antimicrobial, management, and treatment With Multiple disorders commonly seen in allergy practice. References of the chosen articles were also examined. Study Selection: Articles were selected based on their relevance to the subject matter. Results: A large body of research is available relevant to both conventional and novel uses of antibiotics. The use of antibiotics is in question for some disorders, whereas novel approaches to therapy with macrolide antibiotics are areas of active investigation. Meanwhile, patterns of microbial resistance continue to evolve. Conclusion: For decades, antibiotics have been traditional first-line treatment for many disorders. Currently, this paradigm appears to be shifting as periods of observation come into favor and nonbacterial causes of inflammation are under greater scrutiny. Nonetheless, appropriate antibiotic selection often remains it key element in the treatment of these disorders. Knowledge of the relevant microbiology is an inherent requirement in selecting antibiotic therapies and necessitates awareness Of Current trends in bacterial resistance. C1 [La Shell, Mark S.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP La Shell, MS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM mark.lashell@lackland.af.mil NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 392WQ UT WOS:000262333300002 PM 19205278 ER PT J AU Rans, TS Hrabak, TM Whisman, BA Grier, TJ LeFevre, DM Kwon, PO Tankersley, MS AF Rans, Tonya S. Hrabak, Todd M. Whisman, Bonnie A. Grier, Thornas J. LeFevre, Dawn M. Kwon, Paul O. Tankersley, Michael S. TI Compatibility of imported fire ant whole body extract with cat, ragweed, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and timothy grass allergens SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; IMMUNOTHERAPY; DEGRADATION; STABILITY; COCKROACH AB Background: Recommendations regarding the administration of imported fire ant whole body extract (IFA WBE) combined with aeroallergens or environmental allergen,; in a single immunotherapy injection are lacking. Objective: To evaluate the degradative effect of IFA WBE on cat, ragweed, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and timothy grass allergens. Methods: Imported fire ant whole body extract was combined with extracts of cat, ragweed, D pteronyssinus, and timothy grass. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed on each sample after storage for 0, 1, 3, and 6 months at 4 degrees C. In addition, cat and ragweed combinations were evaluated by radial immunodiffusion (RID); D pteronyssinus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition; and timothy grass by ELISA inhibition and Western blot. Results: Imported fire ant whole body extract combined with timothy grass demonstrated degradation of timothy grass allergens by SDS-PAGE, ELISA inhibition, and Western blot results. Cat and ragweed allergens were stable after mixing with IFA WBE, based on SDS-PAGE and RID analyses. Stability of D pteronyssinus allergens with IFA WBE was evident from SDS-PAGE and ELISA inhibition data. Conclusions: Imported fire ant whole body extract combined with timothy grass resulted in significant and rapid timothy protein degradation. Imported fire ant. whole body extract mixed with cat, ragweed, or D pteronyssinus revealed aeroallergen stability, yielding the possibility of combining these extracts in a single immunotherapy injection. Compatibilities of IFA WBE with other common aeroallergens remain undetermined and thus are not recommended for single-injection immunotherapy formulations. C1 [Rans, Tonya S.; Hrabak, Todd M.; Whisman, Bonnie A.; Kwon, Paul O.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Grier, Thornas J.; LeFevre, Dawn M.] Greer Labs, Lenoir, NC USA. RP Rans, TS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM tonya.rans@nellis.af.mil NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 1 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 392WQ UT WOS:000262333300011 PM 19205287 ER PT S AU Jackson, T Roycroft, SM Levi, A AF Jackson, Tyrone Roycroft, Steven M. Levi, Alejandro GP IEEE TI Seven Key Principles of Orbital Safety Management SO ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, 2009 PROCEEDINGS SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 26-29, 2009 CL Ft Worth, TX DE System safety; Safety design; Orbital safety; Orbital debris; On-orbit hazard analysis; Mission Assurance AB The main System Safety issue facing several Air Force satellite acquisition programs is non-compliance of the contractor's System Safety Program (SSP) with regard to Air Force Instruction (AFI) Orbital Safety requirements. Prior to June 2006, the majority of defense satellite contractors believed it was acceptable to limit their on-orbit hazard analysis effort to considering potential collisions between man-made objects. They believed that the routine Mission Assurance analyses, excluding hazard analysis, could cost-effectively mitigate the risk of on-orbit mishaps due to safety-critical hazards if the USAF would give them relief from requirements to deliver "non-value-added" military standard/handbook data products. This belief was not openly challenged by the SMC Central Safety Office until 2006. Today, the SMC Central Safety Office ensures all Air Force satellite acquisition programs are aware that the contractor's SSP must be AFI Orbital Safety compliant, which includes producing documented evidence that the on-orbit operations hazard analysis is completed. To facilitate this awareness leading to appropriately managed SSPs, each Air Force satellite acquisition program has an appointed System Safety Manager (SSM) who represents and reports directly to the Acquisition Program Manager. All SSMs are thoroughly familiar with the Orbital Safety "bible" AFI 91-202, Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) Supplement 1, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program [1]. This AFI defines the criteria for an appropriate Orbital Safety effort. However, contractors are not required to follow any AFI policy elements that are not included in the contract. Often the only tool available to the SSM to initiate an AFI compliant Orbital Safety effort is a tailored MIL-STD-882C [2] that is on contract. One might assume that this tool alone would be sufficient to guarantee an AFI compliant Orbital Safety effort. Nonetheless, defense satellite acquisition history has shown this assumption to be false. Rather, there are additional tools, in the form of seven Orbital Safety key principles, which Air Force satellite acquisition programs must adopt to ensure their contractor's System Safety Program Plan (SSPP) fully addresses AFI policies. These seven principles are best captured in the acquisition program's System Safety Management Plan (SSMP), but they also can be effectively implemented through an Air Force Operating Instruction (OI). This paper answers the question, "How can the SSMP be tailored to assure the Acquisition Program Manager that the Orbital Safety effort is AFI compliant?" C1 [Jackson, Tyrone] ManTech SRS Technol Inc, SBIRS Mission Assurance, ISSW ENT, 615 Nash St,Suite 200, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Roycroft, Steven M.] USAF, ISSW ENT, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Levi, Alejandro] USAF Space & Missile Syst Ctr, Space Syst Safety Engn, SMC SES, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Jackson, T (reprint author), ManTech SRS Technol Inc, SBIRS Mission Assurance, ISSW ENT, 615 Nash St,Suite 200, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM Tyrone.Jackson.ctr@losangeles.af.mil; Steven.Roycroft@losangeles.af.mil; Alejandro.Levi@losangeles.af.mil RI Levi, Alejandro/G-4033-2015 OI Levi, Alejandro/0000-0001-8450-8597 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-2508-2 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2009 BP 229 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BLM45 UT WOS:000270538700041 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Voevodin, AA AF Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. TI Chameleon Coatings: Adaptive Surfaces to Reduce Friction and Wear in Extreme Environments SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE tribology; high temperature; aerospace; surface analysis; electron microscopy ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; PULSED LASER DEPOSITION; NANOCOMPOSITE TRIBOLOGICAL COATINGS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE SOLID LUBRICANT; SPUTTERED MOS2 FILMS; THIN-FILMS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; AMORPHOUS-CARBON AB Adaptive nanocomposite coating materials that automatically and reversibly adjust their surface composition and morphology via multiple mechanisms are a promising development for the reduction of friction and wear over broad ranges of ambient conditions encountered in aerospace applications, such as cycling of temperature and atmospheric composition. Materials selection for these composites is based on extensive study of interactions occurring between solid lubricants and their surroundings, especially with novel in situ surface characterization techniques used to identify, adaptive behavior oil size scales ranging from 10(-10) to 10(-4) m. Recent insights oil operative solid-lubricant mechanisms and their dependency upon the ambient environment are reviewed as a basis for a discussion of the state of the art in solid-lubricant materials. C1 [Muratore, C.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 151 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 10 U2 87 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2009 VL 39 BP 297 EP 324 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-082908-145259 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 498ED UT WOS:000270118900014 ER PT S AU Uchic, MD Shade, PA Dimiduk, DM AF Uchic, Michael D. Shade, Paul A. Dimiduk, Dennis M. TI Plasticity of Micrometer-Scale Single Crystals in Compression SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE size effects; microcompression testing; experimental techniques; discrete dislocation simulations; flow intermittency; strength ID DISCRETE DISLOCATION PLASTICITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION; MICRON-SCALE; NICKEL MICROCRYSTALS; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SIZE DEPENDENCE; METALLIC-GLASS; STRAIN BURSTS; SAMPLE-SIZE AB This review examines the recent literature that has focused on uniaxial compression experiments of single crystals at the micrometer scale. Collectively, the studies discovered new regimes of plastic flow that are size-scale dependent and that occur in the absence of strong strain gradients. However, the quantitative comparison of the flow curves between independent studies is hampered by differences in the particular implementations of the testing methodology Modeling of microcompression experiments using 3-D discrete dislocation simulations has provided valuable insight into the mechanisms that control plastic flow in FCC metals. These efforts identified the importance of the initial dislocation density and distribution of mobile dislocation segments, the influence of free surfaces oil that distribution, as well as altered multiplication and hardening responses due to the finite source statistics. Microcrystal experiments also provide a new pathway to characterize the global system dynamics of dislocation ensembles and associated stochastic processes. C1 [Uchic, Michael D.; Dimiduk, Dennis M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shade, Paul A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.uchic@wpafb.af.mil; ms_shade@matsceng.ohio-state.edu; dennis.dimiduk@wpafb.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; AFRL/RX Accelerated Materials Development by Computation Program [F33615-01-2-5225] FX The authors have been supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. P.A.S. also acknowledges support from the AFRL/RX Accelerated Materials Development by Computation Program, contract #F33615-01-2-5225. The authors also thank Triplicine Parthasarathy, Satish Rao, and Chris Woodward for their contributions in preparing this manuscript. NR 85 TC 292 Z9 294 U1 9 U2 123 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1739-3 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2009 VL 39 BP 361 EP 386 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-082908-145422 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 498ED UT WOS:000270118900016 ER PT S AU Eliason, JL Rasmussen, TE AF Eliason, Jonathan L. Rasmussen, Todd E. BE Upchurch, GR Criado, E TI Complications After Endovascular Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair SO AORTIC ANEURYSMS: PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT SE Contemporary Cardiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE EVAR complications; Ruptured AAA repair; Perioperative morbidity; endoleak; colonic ischemia; ACS; Postimplant syndrome; Graft thrombosis ID SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE; US MULTICENTER TRIAL; COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; OPEN SURGERY; STENT-GRAFT; GASTROINTESTINAL FISTULA; NONABSORBABLE MESH; FEASIBILITY; CONVERSION; ENDOGRAFT AB Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is an event with very high associated morbidity and mortality. Perioperative mortality rates in the United States for open repair of ruptured AAA have averaged around 45% since the late 1980s. Although elective aneurysm repair is four to five times more common than emergent repair, and despite aggressive programs to screen at-risk populations, the incidence of ruptured AAA continues to increase. There is a great need for improvement in early aneurysm detection, which could lead to improved outcomes. However, even with improved methods of detection, due to patient-related factors, a sizeable number of patients with AAA can be anticipated to remain undiagnosed. Improved outcomes with respect to repair of ruptured AAA are therefore vital. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has steadily gained in popularity since the first report of its successful application to human patients in 1991 by Parodi et al. Indeed, recent estimates in the United States suggest that elective EVAR is now utilized more commonly than open AAA repair. Because randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown perioperative morbidity and mortality advantages for EVAR over open AAA repair in the elective setting, there have been many proponents of using EVAR preferentially for aneurysm patients with the highest mortality, those with rupture. In fact, reports of using EVAR for ruptured AAA can be found in the literature as early as 1994. This chapter will provide an overview of the complications specifically associated with using EVAR for ruptured AAAs. Complications will be categorized into two groups, those that occur in the perioperative setting (early) and those that occur thereafter (late). C1 [Eliason, Jonathan L.] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Surg, Vasc Surg Sect, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] USAF, Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Vasc Surg Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Eliason, JL (reprint author), Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Surg, Vasc Surg Sect, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1191-7601 BN 978-1-60327-204-9 J9 CONTEMP CARDIOL JI Contemp. Cardiol. PY 2009 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-204-9_14 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-204-9 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Surgery GA BLZ06 UT WOS:000271475400016 ER PT B AU Massman, JP Havrilla, MJ Whites, KW AF Massman, Jeffrey P. Havrilla, Michael J. Whites, Keith W. GP IEEE TI Adapting Sheet Impedance for Electromagnetic Compatibility SO APMC: 2009 ASIA PACIFIC MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asia Pacific Microwave Conference 2009 CY DEC 07-10, 2009 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE Impedance Sheet; R-card; EMC/EMI; Scattering ID THIN STRIPS; SCATTERING AB The ability to manipulate a complex impedance sheet about a cylinder of arbitrary diameter to control the overall scattering characteristics at particular angles for shielding or scattering applications is presented. It is shown that with the capability to readily control both the real and imaginary components of a percolated lossy film's effective impedance, specific impedance distributions can be obtained to effectively direct the overall nulls in the bistatic scattering pattern. The exact approach only requires negligible truncation error of the matrix solution and can be applied to cylinders of arbitrary size. C1 [Massman, Jeffrey P.; Havrilla, Michael J.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Whites, Keith W.] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Lab Appl Electromagnet & Commun, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Massman, JP (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffrey.massman@afit.edu; michael.havrilla@afit.edu; whites@sdsmt.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2801-4 PY 2009 BP 956 EP + DI 10.1109/APMC.2009.5384331 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BPT94 UT WOS:000279924300243 ER PT S AU Roberts, CG Semiatin, SL Rollett, AD AF Roberts, C. G. Semiatin, S. L. Rollett, A. D. BE Rollett, AD TI TWO-PHASE MICROSTRUCTURE GENERATION IN 3D BASED ON 2D SECTIONS OF A NICKEL ALLOY SO APPLICATIONS OF TEXTURE ANALYSIS SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUN 01-06, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Alcoa Technical Ctr ID ABNORMAL GRAIN-GROWTH; SUPERALLOY; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION AB A series of new and existing techniques have been developed to generate a three-dimensional microstructure based on geometric and texture characteristics of the primary phase and secondary phase (i.e. carbides) of a nickel alloy, Waspaloy. Each technique is addressed to describe its advantages and proposed modifications to improve the representations of specific features. A Potts-based Monte Carlo grain growth model and Ellipsoid Packing/Cellular Automaton approach were compared to determine which method could construct a grain structure with size and shape distributions that match the experimental distributions. Using the experimental grain orientation distribution (ODF) and misorientation distribution (MDF) as input, an orientation assignment algorithm generated the digital texture distributions. The low volume fraction of (similar to 0.2%) secondary phase particles was inserted onto grain boundaries and grain interiors using an injection technique. The MC grain growth model produced grains with equiaxed morphologies and a lognormal grain size distribution while the orientation assignment algorithm produced orientation and misorientation distributions nearly identical to the nickel alloy. Particle placement on grain boundaries was consistent with the experimental particle-associated misorientation distribution (PMDF); that is, the "PMDF suggests a non-random correlation with grain boundary type (disorientation angle) and was reproduced in the simulation microstructure. The agreement between the digital and experimental features indicates that the techniques can be applied to generate a statistically representative two-phase microstructure. C1 [Roberts, C. G.; Rollett, A. D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Semiatin, S. L.] AF Res Lab, Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roberts, CG (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Air Force Initiative "Science and 'Technology Workforce for the 21st Century" (STW-21) [F33615-01-2-5225]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; MRSEC under NSF [DMR-0.520425] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the individuals who contributed to the development of the programs within the Microstructure Builder software package. This work was supported by the Air Force Initiative "Science and 'Technology Workforce for the 21st Century" (STW-21). Contract F33615-01-2-5225. managed jointly by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate ofthe Air Force Research Laboratory (AFFU). and the Ohio State University. Use of facilities supported by the MRSEC under NSF grant number DMR-0.520425 is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-40835-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2009 VL 201 BP 771 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BTL61 UT WOS:000287220000081 ER PT J AU Fickus, M Mixon, DG AF Fickus, Matthew Mixon, Dustin G. TI Isotropic moments over integer lattices SO APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Isotropic; Moments; Discrete; Images; Rotations; Dilations; Edges ID EDGE-DETECTION; IMAGES; INTERPOLATION AB Many modern edge and corner detection algorithms use moment transforms. which convolve images with tensor-valued filters, namely the product of a window function with a monomial. Over continuous domains. one may easily show that such transforms are isotropic. We generalize these continuous results to digital images. that is, to functions over the canonical integer lattice in a finite-dimensional real space. In particular, we first introduce a mathematically well-behaved method for the dilation and rotation of digital images, and then show these operations commute with discrete moment transforms in a manner consistent with the continuous results. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mixon, Dustin G.] USAF, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.fickus@afit.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1063-5203 J9 APPL COMPUT HARMON A JI Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 BP 77 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.acha.2008.02.004 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 384VS UT WOS:000261772900005 ER PT J AU Yuan, X Caraballo, E Little, J Debiasi, M Serrani, A Ozbay, H Myatt, JH Samimy, M AF Yuan, X. Caraballo, E. Little, J. Debiasi, M. Serrani, A. Oezbay, H. Myatt, J. H. Samimy, M. TI FEEDBACK CONTROL DESIGN FOR SUBSONIC CAVITY FLOWS SO APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Subsonic flows; cavity flow resonance; mathematical modeling; feedback control ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; COMPRESSIBLE FLOW; MODELS; OSCILLATIONS AB A benchmark problem in active aerodynamic flow control, suppression of strong pressure oscillations induced by flow over a shallow cavity, is addressed in this paper. Proper orthogonal decomposition and Galerkin projection techniques are used to obtain a reducedorder model of the flow dynamics from experimental data. The model is made amenable to control design by means of a control separation technique, which makes the control input appear explicitly in the equations. A prediction model based on quadratic stochastic estimation correlates flow field data with surface pressure measurements, so that the latter can be used to reconstruct the state of the model in real time. The focus of this paper is on the controller design and implementation. A linear-quadratic optimal controller is designed on the basis of the reduced-order model to suppress the cavity flow resonance. To account for the limitation on the magnitude of the control signal imposed by the actuator, the control action is modified by a scaling factor, which plays the role of a bifurcation parameter for the closed-loop system. Experimental results, in qualitative agreement with the theoretical analysis, show that the controller achieves a significant attenuation of the resonant tone with a redistribution of the energy into other frequencies, and exhibits a certain degree of robustness when operating in off-design conditions. C1 [Yuan, X.; Serrani, A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Yuan, X.] Int Truck & Engine Corp, Melrose Pk, IL USA. [Caraballo, E.; Little, J.; Debiasi, M.; Samimy, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Gas Dynam & Turbulence Lab, Columbus, OH 45235 USA. [Debiasi, M.] Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Labs, Expt Aerosci Grp, Singapore, Singapore. [Oezbay, H.] Bilkent Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-06533 Ankara, Turkey. [Myatt, J. H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yuan, X (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Little, Jesse/J-7808-2012; Ozbay, Hitay/O-5299-2014; Ozbay, Hitay/S-3885-2016 OI Ozbay, Hitay/0000-0003-1134-0679 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINISTRY COMMUNICATIONS & HIGH TECHNOLOGIES REPUBLIC AZERBAIJAN PI BAKU PA BAKU STATE UNIV, INST APPLIED MATHEMATICS, Z KHALILOV STR 23, BAKU, AZ 1148, AZERBAIJAN SN 1683-3511 EI 1683-6154 J9 APPL COMPUT MATH-BAK JI Appl. Comput. Math. PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 70 EP 91 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 462VI UT WOS:000267384700006 ER PT J AU Burton, AC Carson, KS Chilton, SM Hutchinson, WG AF Burton, Anthony C. Carson, Katherine S. Chilton, Susan M. Hutchinson, W. George TI Why do people non-demand reveal in hypothetical double referenda for public goods? SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID DICHOTOMOUS CHOICE; CONTINGENT VALUATION; EFFICIENCY; BIAS AB Hypothetical contingent valuation surveys used to elicit values for environmental and other public goods often employ variants of the referendum mechanism due to the cognitive simplicity and familiarity of respondents with this voting format. One variant, the double referendum mechanism, requires respondents to state twice how they would vote for a given policy proposal given their cost of the good. Data from these surveys often exhibit anomalies inconsistent with standard economic models of consumer preferences. There are a number of published explanations for these anomalies, mostly focusing on problems with the second vote. This article investigates which aspects of the hypothetical task affect the degree of nondemand revelation and takes an individual-based approach to identifying people most likely to non-demand reveal. A clear profile emerges from our model of a person who faces a negative surplus i.e. a net loss in the second vote and invokes non self-interested, non financial motivations during the decision process. C1 [Carson, Katherine S.] USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, HQ USAFA DFEG, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Newcastle Univ, Sch Business, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Hutchinson, W. George] Queens Univ Belfast, Gibson Inst Land Food & Environm, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. EM s.m.chilton@ncl.ac.uk OI Silz Carson, Katherine/0000-0002-2446-1368; Hutchinson, W George/0000-0003-0028-7868 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PY 2009 VL 41 IS 27 BP 3561 EP 3569 AR PII 789515188 DI 10.1080/00036840701537802 PG 9 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 521AL UT WOS:000271891100011 ER PT J AU Matson, CL Borelli, K Jefferies, S Beckner, CC Hege, EK Lloyd-Hart, M AF Matson, Charles L. Borelli, Kathy Jefferies, Stuart Beckner, Charles C., Jr. Hege, E. Keith Lloyd-Hart, Michael TI Fast and optimal multiframe blind deconvolution algorithm for high-resolution ground-based imaging of space objects SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CRAMER-RAO ANALYSIS; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; STAR IMAGES; SUPERRESOLUTION; PARAMETER; SPECKLE; PHASE; RECONSTRUCTION; SYSTEM AB We report a multiframe blind deconvolution algorithm that we have developed for imaging through the atmosphere. The algorithm has been parallelized to a significant degree for execution on high-performance computers, with an emphasis on distributed-memory systems so that it can be hosted on commodity clusters. As a result, image restorations can be obtained in seconds to minutes. We have compared and quantified the quality of its image restorations relative to the associated Cramer-Rao lower bounds (when they can be calculated). We describe the algorithm and its parallelization in detail, demonstrate the scalability of its parallelization across distributed-memory computer nodes, discuss the results of comparing sample variances of its output to the associated Cramer-Rao lower bounds, and present image restorations obtained by using data collected with ground-based telescopes. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Matson, Charles L.; Beckner, Charles C., Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Borelli, Kathy] KJS Consulting, Haiku, HI 96708 USA. [Jefferies, Stuart] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Kula, HI 96790 USA. [Hege, E. Keith] MKS Imaging Technol LLC, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. [Hege, E. Keith; Lloyd-Hart, Michael] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Matson, CL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory's Directed Energy Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; High-Performance Computing Modernization Office FX The authors thank the Air Force Research Laboratory's Directed Energy Directorate, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the High-Performance Computing Modernization Office for their financial support that made this work possible. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 1 BP A75 EP A92 DI 10.1364/AO.48.000A75 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA 398OG UT WOS:000262740800011 PM 19107159 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, M Riker, J Carhart, G Gudimetla, VSR Beresnev, L Weyrauch, T Roberts, LC AF Vorontsov, Mikhail Riker, Jim Carhart, Gary Gudimetla, V. S. Rao Beresnev, Leonid Weyrauch, Thomas Roberts, Lewis C., Jr. TI Deep turbulence effects compensation experiments with a cascaded adaptive optics system using a 3.63 m telescope SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-DISTORTION CORRECTION; RECONSTRUCTION; ANISOPLANATISM; OPTIMIZATION AB Compensation of extended (deep) turbulence effects is one of the most challenging problems in adaptive optics (AO). In the AO approach described, the deep turbulence wave propagation regime was achieved by imaging stars at low elevation angles when image quality improvement with conventional AO was poor. These experiments were conducted at the U.S. Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing Site (AMOS) by using the 3.63 in telescope located on Haleakala, Maui. To enhance compensation performance we used a cascaded AO system composed of a conventional AO system based on a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a deformable mirror with 941 actuators, and an AO system based on stochastic parallel gradient descent optimization with four deformable mirrors (75 control channels). This first-time field demonstration of a cascaded AO system achieved considerably improved performance of wavefront phase aberration compensation. Image quality was improved in a repeatable way in the presence of stressing atmospheric conditions obtained by using stars at elevation angles as low as 15 degrees. (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Vorontsov, Mikhail; Carhart, Gary; Beresnev, Leonid] USA, Intelligent Opt Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Vorontsov, Mikhail; Weyrauch, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, Intelligent Opt Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Riker, Jim] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gudimetla, V. S. Rao] USAF, Res Lab, Kehie, HI 96753 USA. [Roberts, Lewis C., Jr.] Boeing Co, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Vorontsov, M (reprint author), USA, Intelligent Opt Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM mvorontsov@arl.army.mil FU U.S. Joint Technology Office [JTO-07-SA-0238]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the University of Maryland, College Park [W911NF-06-2-0009] FX The authors are grateful to W. Bradford for helpful discussions and K. Aschenbach for technical support. This work was supported by the U.S. Joint Technology Office under contract JTO-07-S&A-0238 and by the Cooperative Agreement W911NF-06-2-0009 between the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the University of Maryland, College Park. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 1 BP A47 EP A57 DI 10.1364/AO.48.000A47 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 398OG UT WOS:000262740800007 PM 19107154 ER PT J AU Yu, ZN Tan, LS Fossum, E AF Yu, Zhenning Tan, Loon-Seng Fossum, Eric TI Aryl ether synthesis via Ullmann coupling in non-polar solvents: effect of ligand, counterion, and base SO ARKIVOC LA English DT Article DE Ullmann Coupling; O-arylation; aryl ether synthesis; copper (I) catalyst ID O BOND FORMATION; DIARYL ETHERS; C-O; CATALYZED FORMATION; COPPER; HALIDES; PHENOLS; ARYLATION; OXYGEN AB An Ullmann coupling route to diaryl ethers, for use in non-polar solvents, employing 5 mol % of an air stable Cu (I) catalyst, CuIPPh(3), has been explored. The O-arylation process occurred smoothly in non-polar solvents, toluene or xylene, with the inexpensive base K(2)CO(3). The highest yields were achieved with electron poor aryl bromides and electron rich phenols. The reactions were highly selective toward bromide over chloride in multiple halogenated aromatics. C1 [Yu, Zhenning; Fossum, Eric] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBN,Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Fossum, E (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM eric.fossum@wright.edu RI Yu, Zhenning/A-2011-2010; OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Air Force Materials & Manufacturing Directorate and Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8650-05-D-5807] FX The authors acknowledge funding support from the Air Force Materials & Manufacturing Directorate and Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Contract FA8650-05-D-5807, Delivery Order 0009. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ARKAT USA INC PI GAINESVILLE PA C/O ALAN R KATRITZKY, UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT CHEMISTRY, PO BOX 117200, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA SN 1551-7004 J9 ARKIVOC JI Arkivoc PY 2009 BP 255 EP 265 PN 14 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 599LG UT WOS:000277913400023 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Ling, AG AF Cliver, E. W. Ling, A. G. TI LOW-FREQUENCY TYPE III BURSTS AND SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission; Sun: radio radiation ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; ELECTRON EVENTS; RADIO-BURSTS; 1 AU; INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM; ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER; WIND SPACECRAFT; CHARGE STATES; PROTON EVENTS AB We compare the similar to 1 MHz type III bursts of flares associated with samples of "impulsive" and "gradual" solar energetic particle (SEP) events from cycle 23. While large gradual SEP events had much higher > 30 MeV proton intensities, the median-integrated intensities, peak intensities, and durations of the two groups of radio bursts were comparable. Thus, the median "proton yield" (peak > 30 MeV proton intensity of an SEP event divided by its associated integrated similar to 1 MHz intensity) of type III bursts associated with gradual SEP events was similar to 280 times larger than that for impulsive SEP events. A similar yield difference of similar to 250 was observed for 4.4 MeV electron events. Only for extrapolated electron energies similar to 5 keV, corresponding to the energy of the electrons that excite type III emission, does the median yield converge to the same value for both groups of events. The time profiles of similar to 1 MHz bursts associated with impulsive SEP events are characteristically shorter and simpler than those associated with the gradual SEP events, reflecting the development of the second stage of radio emission in large eruptive flares. The gradual SEP events were highly associated (96%) with decametric-hectometric (DH) type II bursts versus only a 5% association rate for the impulsive events. Large favorably located similar to 1 MHz type III bursts with associated DH type IIs had an similar to 60% association rate with large (>= 1 pfu) > 30 MeV SEP events versus similar to 5% for similar to 1 MHz bursts without accompanying DH II emission. These results are interpreted in terms of two distinct types of particle acceleration at the Sun, a flare-resident process that produces relatively few > 30 MeV protons and similar to 4 MeV electrons in space and a shock process that dominates the large gradual proton events. C1 [Cliver, E. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Res Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Ling, A. G.] Atmospher Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Res Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. FU AFRL [FA8718-05-C-0036] FX We thank D. Reames and A. Tylka for comments on a draft of this paper and the referee for helpful comments. A.G.L. was supported by AFRL contract FA8718-05-C-0036. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 690 IS 1 BP 598 EP 609 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/598 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398IU UT WOS:000262726600049 ER PT J AU Ragot, BR AF Ragot, B. R. TI DISPERSAL OF MAGNETIC FIELD LINES: NONLINEAR STATISTICAL THEORY AND APPLICATION TO THE SLOW SOLAR WIND SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; magnetic fields; plasmas; turbulence; waves ID PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; KOLMOGOROV ENTROPY; TURBULENCE; FLUCTUATIONS; DIFFUSION; DISPLACEMENT; SEPARATION; SCATTERING; SPECTRA AB The recent result that pairs of nearby magnetic field lines diverge (converge) subexponentially rather than exponentially in a turbulent magnetized plasma is extended to a broad range of initial field-line separations. The substantial twist, Delta theta, or rotation of the magnetic field lines relative to each other, simultaneous with the field-line divergence, is also demonstrated in a more general framework. Two main regimes of field-line dispersal emerge from the more general calculation of this paper. For the longer field-line separation distances rho, for which the turbulence spectral index exceeds -1 near 3 rho(-1), the field-line spreading <(Delta rho)(2)> and mean-square cross-field displacement <(Delta r)(2)> have very similar behaviors, and both rho and Delta r have Gaussian statistics. For shorter rho, the statistics of rho become log-normal. In that regime of more moderate rho, magnetic field lines perform random walks relative to each other in the (theta, ln rho) space that become diffusive on the field-aligned distance Delta z of a few zeta(B) max {min(zeta(II), k(II)(-1) ), min[zeta(rho), (3 xi)(-1) rho], k(II) being the wavenumber where the three-dimensional turbulence spectrum becomes steeper than (k(parallel to)(2) +xi(2)k(perpendicular to)(2))(-1), xi the anisotropy parameter of the turbulence, and zeta(II) and zeta(rho) the nonlinear scales associated with k(II)(-1) and rho, respectively. In the nonlinear regime of field-line dispersal where zeta(II) or zeta(rho) determines zeta(B), the decorrelation of the field-lines' relative random walk is driven by Delta r. Application to the slow solar wind at 1AU shows that the mixing of field-line bundles starts beyond Delta z similar to 0.01-0.1 AU and occurs from the smallest transversal scales up. Another major conclusion is that the closer the magnetic field lines, the faster they rotate relative to each other. C1 USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Ragot, BR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 690 IS 1 BP 619 EP 643 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/619 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 398IU UT WOS:000262726600051 ER PT S AU Mudaliar, S AF Mudaliar, Saba BE Korotkova, O TI Remarks on the Polarimetric Radiative Transfer of the Atmosphere involving Ground Reflections SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves III CY JAN 26-27, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE random media; rough surfaces; radiative transfer; multilayer; wave approach ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SCATTERING; COHERENCE; RADIOMETRY; INTERFACE; SYSTEMS; MEDIA; FIELD AB The radiative transfer (RT) approach is widely used for studying scattering from layered random media with rough interfaces. Although it has been successful in several applications such as remote sensing of atmosphere it is well known that this approach involves certain approximations. In this paper these assumptions and approximations are reexamined and explained. To enable this a statistical approach is employed to this problem and the governing equations for the first and second moments of the wave fields are derived. A transition is hence made to arrive at a system of equations corresponding to that of the RT approach. It is thus found that more conditions are implicitly involved in the RT approach than generally believed to be necessary. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mudaliar, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM saba.mudaliar@hanscom.af.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7446-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7200 AR 720007 DI 10.1117/12.811915 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BSH08 UT WOS:000284395300005 ER PT S AU Schmidt, JD Louthain, JA AF Schmidt, Jason D. Louthain, James A. BE Korotkova, O TI Integrated approach to free-space optical communication SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves III CY JAN 26-27, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE free-space optical communication; atmospheric turbulence; adaptive threshold; spatial diversity; multiple-transmitters ID WEAK ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SCREEN GENERATOR; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; PHASE; ANISOPLANATISM; BEAMS AB Lasers offer tremendous advantages over RF communication systems in bandwidth and security. Atmospheric turbulence causes severe received power variations and high bit error rates (BERs) in airborne laser communication. If two or more laser beams are separated sufficiently, they can effectively "average out" the effects of the turbulence. This requisite separation distance is derived for multiple geometries, turbulence conditions, and turbulence effects. Integrating multiple techniques into a system alleviates the deleterious effects of turbulence without bulky adaptive optics systems. Wave optics simulations show multiple transmitters, receiver and transmitter trackers, and adaptive thresholding significantly reduce BER (by over 10,000 times). C1 [Schmidt, Jason D.; Louthain, James A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Louthain, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jason.schmidt@afit.edu; james.louthain@afit.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7446-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7200 AR 72000I DI 10.1117/12.812153 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BSH08 UT WOS:000284395300012 ER PT J AU Lightfoot, MDA AF Lightfoot, Malissa D. A. TI FUNDAMENTAL CLASSIFICATION OF ATOMIZATION PROCESSES SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Review ID 2-PHASE MIXING LAYERS; VISCOUS-LIQUID SHEET; THIN POLYMER-FILMS; MEAN DROPLET SIZE; WAVY WALL COLUMN; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; INTERFACIAL SHEAR; FLASH ATOMIZATION; PRIMARY BREAKUP; ANNULAR REGIME AB A device-independent framework to classify and describe atomization is developed. This framework divides atomizers into various classes based on the geometry of the liquid prior to breakup. These classes are general enough to encompass a wide array of existent atomizers while still describing important aspects of the atomization physics. Across these classes, a limited number of atomization regimes exist that are grouped based on the rate of the atomization processes (disturbance growth and breakdown). Existent classifications are reconsidered to show how they fit into the current construction of five classes (jet, sheet, film, prompt, and discrete parcel) and three modes (bulk fluid, mixed, and surface). The new framework also clarifies the underlying physics of the atomization process. This process consists of the initiation and growth of a disturbance, followed by its breakdown. Several categories of disturbance initiation and disturbance breakdown are described, supported by examples from the literature. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Lightfoot, MDA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM malissa.lightfoot@edwards.af.mil NR 141 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PY 2009 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1065 EP 1104 PG 40 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 551IY UT WOS:000274202500005 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Mallis, MM Caldwell, JL Paul, MA Miller, JC Neri, DF AF Caldwell, John A. Mallis, Melissa M. Caldwell, J. Lynn Paul, Michel A. Miller, James C. Neri, David F. CA Aerosp Med Association Fatigue Cou TI Fatigue Countermeasures in Aviation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE alertness; sleep; hypnotics; stimulants; flight time regulations; duty time regulations; sustained operations ID HELICOPTER PILOT PERFORMANCE; LONG-HAUL FLIGHTS; DISORDERS CONSENSUS REPORT; HUMAN CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; PHASE RESPONSE CURVE; JET-LAG; SHIFT WORK; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE AB Pilot fatigue is a significant problem in modern aviation operations, largely because of the unpredictable work hours, long duty periods, circadian disruptions, and insufficient sleep that arc, commonplace in both civilan and military flight operations. The full impact of fatigue is often underappreciated, but many of its deleterious effects have long been known. Compared to people who are well-rested, people who are sleep deprived think and move more slowly, make more mistakes, and have memory difficulties. These negative effects may and do lead to aviation errors and accidents. In the 1930s, flight time limitations, suggested lay-over durations, and aircrew sleep recommendations were developed in ail attempt to mitigate aircrew fatigue. Unfortunately, there have heen few changes to aircrew scheduling provisions and flight time limitations Since the time they were first introduced, despite evidence that updates are needed. Although the scientific under landing of fatigue, sleep, shift work, and circadian physiology has advanced significantly over the past several decades, current regulations and industry practices have in large part failed to adequately incorporate the new knowledge. Thus, the problem of pilot fatigue has steadily increased along with fatigue-related concerns oven air safety. Accident statistics, reports from pilots themselves, and operational flight studies all show that fatigue is a growing concern within aviation operations. This position paper reviews the relevant scientific literature, summarizes applicable U.S. civilian and military flight regulations, evaluates various in-flight and pre/postflight fatigue countermeasure, and describe emerging technologies for detecting and countering fatigue. Following the discussion of each major issue, position statements address ways to deal with fatigue in specific contexts with the goal of using current scientific knowledge to update policy and provide tools and technique, for improving air safety. C1 [Caldwell, John A.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mallis, Melissa M.] Inst Behavior Resources Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. [Caldwell, John A.] Archinoet LLC, Honolulu, HI USA. [Paul, Michel A.] Def R&D Canada Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Miller, James C.] Miller Ergon, San Antonio, TX USA. [Neri, David F.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lynn.caldwell@wpafb.af.mil OI Miller, James/0000-0002-3897-8376 FU AHFC; Aerospace Medical Association Executive Council FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Thomas Nesthus, Chair Of the Aerospace Human Factors Committee (AHFC) for his guidance and Support throughout a lengthy process. We are also grateful to CAPT Nicholas Davenport for comments and information regarding U.S. Navy flight duty/rest regulations and Capt. Barry Reeder for information about corresponding U.S. Air Force regulations though any errors remain ours. We thank the members of the AHFC for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, especially Dr. Ronald Hoffman and Dr. David Schroeder as well as the Aerospace Medical Association Executive Council for its comments and review, particularly Dr. Russell Rayman, Dr. Guillermo Salazar, Dr. Estrella Forster, and CA PT Christopher Armstrong. NR 231 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 7 U2 28 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1 BP 29 EP 59 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2435.2009 PG 31 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 390XP UT WOS:000262197300007 PM 19180856 ER PT J AU Man, YG Schwartz, A Levine, PH Teal, C Berg, PE AF Man, Yan-Gao Schwartz, Arnold Levine, Paul H. Teal, Christine Berg, Patricia E. TI BP1, a putative signature marker for inflammatory breast cancer and tumor aggressiveness SO CANCER BIOMARKERS LA English DT Article DE BP1; homeobox gene; inflammatory breast cancer; tumor invasion; metastasis ID END RESULTS PROGRAM; BETA-GLOBIN GENE; HOMEOBOX GENE; CARCINOMA INCIDENCE; PROGRESSION; EXPRESSION; SURVIVAL; OVEREXPRESSION; PROLIFERATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Our previous studies revealed that beta protein 1 (BP1) was barely detectable in normal human breasts, but was seen in 21%, 46%, and 81% of hyperplastic, in situ, and invasive breast lesions, respectively. Our current study attempted to assess BP1 expression in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a very aggressive subtype of breast cancers characterized by extensive lympho-vascular invasion and involvement of dermal lymphatics. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 45 cases of IBC ( nine with paired metastatic lymph nodes) and different controls were assayed immunohistochemically for BP1 expression. Positive BP1 immunoreactivities were present in all IBC cases. Strikingly, all cancer cells metastasized to lymph nodes and cells within lymphatic channels were uniformly and strongly immunoreactive to BP1. The percentage of BP1 positive cells and the intensity of BP1 immunostaining in IBC cases were significantly greater than those in non-IBC cases. Our findings suggest that BP1 may possess properties of onco-proteins that promote tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis, representing a putative signature marker for IBC and tumor aggressiveness. C1 [Man, Yan-Gao] USAF, Dept Gynecol & Breast Pathol, Inst Pathol & Amer Registry Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Man, Yan-Gao] Jilin Univ, Changchun 130023, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Schwartz, Arnold] George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Levine, Paul H.] George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biophys & Stat, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Teal, Christine] George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Berg, Patricia E.] George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Man, YG (reprint author), USAF, Dept Gynecol & Breast Pathol, Inst Pathol & Amer Registry Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. EM man@afip.osd.mil FU Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs [DAMD1701-1-0129, DAMD17-01-1-0130, PC051308, DAMD17-01-1-0244]; Komen Breast Cancer Foundation [BC-TR0706983]; Ministry of Chinese Science and Technology Department [2006CB910505] FX This study was supported in part by grants DAMD1701-1-0129, DAMD17-01-1-0130, PC051308 (Y.G.M), and DAMD17-01-1-0244 (P.H.L) from Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, grants BC-TR0706983 (Y.G.M.) (P.E.B) from the Susan B. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, and grant 2006CB910505 from the Ministry of Chinese Science and Technology Department (Y.G.M). NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0153 J9 CANCER BIOMARK JI Cancer Biomark. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.3233/CBM-2009-0563 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 425CE UT WOS:000264613800002 PM 19242057 ER PT S AU Henley, MV Burns, DS Chynwat, V Moore, W Plitz, A Rottmann, SD Hearn, JD AF Henley, Michael V. Burns, Douglas S. Chynwat, Veeradej Moore, William Plitz, Angela Rottmann, Shawn D. Hearn, John D. BE Fountain, AW Gardner, PJ TI Modeling the Atmospheric Chemistry of TICs SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing X CY APR 14-16, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB An atmospheric chemistry model that describes the behavior and disposition of environmentally hazardous compounds discharged into the atmosphere was coupled with the transport and diffusion model, SCIPUFF.(1) The atmospheric chemistry model was developed by reducing a detailed atmospheric chemistry mechanism to a simple empirical effective degradation rate term (k(eff)) that is a function of important meteorological parameters such as solar flux, temperature, and cloud cover. Empirically derived k(eff) functions that describe the degradation of target toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) were derived by statistically analyzing data generated from the detailed chemistry mechanism run over a wide range of (typical) atmospheric conditions. To assess and identify areas to improve the developed atmospheric chemistry model, sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were performed to (1) quantify the sensitivity of the model output (TIC concentrations) with respect to changes in the input parameters and (2) improve, where necessary, the quality of the input data based on sensitivity results. The model predictions were evaluated against experimental data. Chamber data were used to remove the complexities of dispersion in the atmosphere. C1 [Henley, Michael V.] AFRL RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Henley, MV (reprint author), AFRL RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7570-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7304 AR 73040H DI 10.1117/12.821924 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BVR69 UT WOS:000292557300012 ER PT S AU Kiel, JL Walker, WW Andrews, CJ De Los Santos, A Adams, RN Buchholz, MW McBurnett, SD Fuentes, V Rizner, KE Blount, KW AF Kiel, Johnathan L. Walker, Wes W. Andrews, Carrie J. De Los Santos, Amy Adams, Roy N. Buchholz, Matthew W. McBurnett, Shelly D. Fuentes, Vladimir Rizner, Karon E. Blount, Keith W. BE Fountain, AW Gardner, PJ TI Pathogenic Ecology: Where have all the pathogens gone? Anthrax: A Classic Case SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing X CY APR 14-16, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE anthrax; plants; legumes; curlicue; coiling; nitration ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CEREUS; THURINGIENSIS; TRANSDUCTION; BACTERIOPHAGE; PLASMIDS; SYSTEM; GENES; AGENT AB Pathogenic ecology is the natural relationship to animate and inanimate components of the environment that support the sustainment of a pathogen in the environment or prohibit its sustainment, or their interactions with an introduced pathogen that allow for the establishment of disease in a new environment. The anthrax bacterium in the spore form has been recognized as a highly likely biological warfare or terrorist agent. The purpose of this work was to determine the environmental reservoir of Bacillus anthracis between outbreaks of anthrax and to examine the potential factors influencing the conversion of the Bacillus anthracis from a quiescent state to the disease causing state. Here we provide environmental and laboratory data for the cycling of Bacillus anthracis in plants to reconcile observations that contradict the soil borne hypothesis of anthrax maintenance in the environment. C1 [Kiel, Johnathan L.; Walker, Wes W.; Andrews, Carrie J.; De Los Santos, Amy; Adams, Roy N.; Buchholz, Matthew W.; Fuentes, Vladimir; Rizner, Karon E.; Blount, Keith W.] USAF, Biosci & Protect Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Kiel, JL (reprint author), USAF, Biosci & Protect Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM johnathan.kiel@brooks.af.mil NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7570-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7304 AR 730402 DI 10.1117/12.821920 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BVR69 UT WOS:000292557300002 ER PT S AU Moore, EA Gross, KC Bowen, SJ Perram, GP Chamberland, M Farley, V Gagnon, JP Lagueux, P Villemaire, A AF Moore, Elizabeth A. Gross, Kevin C. Bowen, Spencer J. Perram, Glen P. Chamberland, Martin Farley, Vincent Gagnon, Jean-Philippe Lagueux, Philippe Villemaire, Andre BE Fountain, AW Gardner, PJ TI Characterizing and overcoming spectral artifacts in imaging Fourier-transform spectroscopy of turbulent exhaust plumes SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE) SENSING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing X CY APR 14-16, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE imaging spectroscopy; FTS; jet engine exhaust; turbulence; scene-change artifacts; source noise ID EMISSIONS AB The midwave and shortwave infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum contain rich information enabling the characterization of hot, rapid events such as explosions, engine plumes, flares and other combustion events, High-speed sensors are required to analyze the content of such rapidly evolving targets. Cameras with high frame rates and non-imaging aging spectrometers with high data rates are typically used; however the information from these two types of instruments must be later fused to enable characterization of the transient targets. Imaging spectrometers have recently become commercially available for general scientific use, thus enabling simultaneous capture of both spatial and spectral information without co-registration issues. However, their use against rapidly-varying sources has traditionally been considered problematic, for even at moderate spatial and spectral resolutions the time to acquire a single spectrum can be long compared to the timescales associated with combustion events. This paper demonstrates that imaging Fourier-transform spectroscopy (IFTS) can successfully characterize the turbulent combustion exhaust from a turbojet engine. A Telops Hyper-Cam IFTS collected hyperspectral video from a Turbine Technologies SR-30 turbojet engine with a spectral resolution of delta(v) over tilde = 1 cm(-1) on a 200x64 pixel sub-window at a rate of 0.3 Hz. Scene-change artifacts (SCAs) are present in the spectra; however, the stochastic fluctuations in source intensity translate into high-frequency "noise," Temporal averaging affords a significants reduction of the noise associated with SCAs. Emission from CO and CO(2) are clearly recognized in the averaged spectra, and information about their temperature and relative concentrations is evident. C1 [Moore, Elizabeth A.; Gross, Kevin C.; Bowen, Spencer J.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Moore, EA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.gross@afit.edu; vincent.farley@telops.com OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7570-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7304 AR 730416 DI 10.1117/12.818710 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BVR69 UT WOS:000292557300033 ER PT J AU El Khoury, JM Zhou, XL Qu, LT Dai, LM Urbas, A Li, Q AF El Khoury, Jouliana M. Zhou, Xiaoli Qu, Liangti Dai, Liming Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI Organo-soluble photoresponsive azo thiol monolayer-protected gold nanorods SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; ASPECT-RATIO; NANOPARTICLES; POLYELECTROLYTE; NANOSTRUCTURES; THERAPY; SHAPE AB Organo-soluble photoresponsive azo thiol monolayer-protected gold nanorods were synthesized; the resulting gold nanorods encapsulated by thiols on their entire surface with strong covalent Au-S linkages were very stable in both organic solvents and in the solid state without aggregation or decomposition. C1 [El Khoury, Jouliana M.; Zhou, Xiaoli; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Qu, Liangti; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM quan@lci.kent.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; AFOSR; MURI [FA9550-06-1-0337] FX This work was supported by Air Force Research Laboratory, and the AFOSR under MURI grant FA9550-06-1-0337. We gratefully thank Dr O. Lavrentovich and Dr J. West for the use of their characterization equipment. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2009 IS 16 BP 2109 EP 2111 DI 10.1039/b901826c PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 431OU UT WOS:000265072800006 PM 19360162 ER PT B AU Ravindran, A Burns, DJ AF Ravindran, Arun Burns, Daniel J. GP IEEE TI A Multi-Threaded DNA Tag/Anti-tag Library Generator for Multi-Core Platforms SO CIBCB: 2009 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN BIOINFORMATICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP IEEE AB This paper describes a new approach to the problem of generating DNA tag/anti-tag libraries for use in biological assay methods. This approach couples multi-threaded coding methods and a highly parallel multi-population genetic algorithm to leverage performance gains made possible by the multi-core CPUs increasingly prevalent in today's commodity computers. We also describe the results of experiments characterizing the performance of this approach, which can yield up to an 8X speedup on a workstation equipped with dual quad-core CPUs. We observe that the coding effort required to implement this approach using the C language and Pthreads parallel programming model is greatly reduced compared to previous methods using both the VHDL language and reconfigurable hardware (FPGAs), and compared to C with the MPI API run on a cluster of computers. C1 [Ravindran, Arun] Univ N Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Burns, Daniel J.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Ravindran, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM Arun.Ravindran@uncc.edu; Daniel.Burns@rl.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2756-7 PY 2009 BP 168 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BKT21 UT WOS:000269148600025 ER PT J AU Hoffman, SW Harrison, C AF Hoffman, Stuart W. Harrison, Catherine TI THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: A NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE SO CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE Brain injury; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Depression; Enriched environment; Inflammation ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT REVERSES; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; HEAD-INJURY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PREDATOR STRESS; ACUTE-PHASE; ADULT-RATS; SYMPTOMS AB The occurrence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and psychological health issues in the current theater of military operations has become a major factor in planning for the long-term healthcare of our wounded warriors. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can coexist with brain injury in military members who have been exposed to blasts. Specific areas of the brain may be more susceptible to damage from blasts. In particular, damage to the prefrontal cortex can lead to disinhibition of cerebral structures that control fear and anxiety. Reactive systemic inflammatory processes related to TBI may also impair psychological health. Impaired psychological health may lead to increased psychological distress that impedes brain repair due to the release of stress-related hormones. Since the external environment has been shown to exert a significant influence on the internal environment of the organism, enriching the external environment may well reduce anxiety and facilitate the neuroplasticity of brain cells, thus promoting recovery of function after TBI. C1 [Hoffman, Stuart W.] DVBIC Johnstown, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Johnstown, PA 15905 USA. [Harrison, Catherine] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hoffman, SW (reprint author), DVBIC Johnstown, Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, 109 Sunray Dr, Johnstown, PA 15905 USA. EM shoffman@dvbic-lh.org NR 102 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1385-4046 J9 CLIN NEUROPSYCHOL JI Clin. Neuropsychol. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1400 EP 1415 DI 10.1080/13854040903369433 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical; Clinical Neurology; Psychology SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 524KF UT WOS:000272141500010 PM 19882478 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Pitotti, R Morgan, DL Borys, D AF Bebarta, V. S. Pitotti, R. Morgan, D. L. Borys, D. TI Seven Years of Cyanide Ingestions in the US - Critically Ill Patients Are Common, but Antidote Use Is Not SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bebarta, V. S.; Pitotti, R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bebarta, V. S.; Morgan, D. L.; Borys, D.] Cent Texas Poison Ctr, Temple, TX USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 MA 249 BP 753 EP 753 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 496SH UT WOS:000269996600264 ER PT J AU Frieze, A Kleinberg, J Ravi, R Debany, W AF Frieze, Alan Kleinberg, Jon Ravi, R. Debany, Warren TI Line-of-Sight Networks SO COMBINATORICS PROBABILITY & COMPUTING LA English DT Article CT Meeting on Combinatorics, Probability and Computing CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL Math Forsch Inst Oberwolfach, Bad Wurttemberg, GERMANY HO Math Forsch Inst Oberwolfach ID GUARDING GALLERIES; POINT SEES; CONNECTIVITY; GRAPH; AREA AB Random geometric graphs have been one of the fundamental models for reasoning about wireless networks: one places n points at random in a region of the plane (typically a square or circle), and then connects pairs of points by an edge if they are within a fixed distance of one mother. In addition to giving rise to a range of basic theoretical questions, this class of random graphs has been a central analytical tool in the wireless networking community. For many of the primary applications of wireless networks, however, the underlying environment has a large number of obstacles, and communication can only take place among nodes when they are close in space and when they have line-of-sight access to one another - consider, for example, urban settings or large indoor environments. In such domains, the standard model of random geometric graphs is not a good approximation of the true constraints, since it is not designed to capture the line-of-sight restrictions. Here we propose a random-graph model incorporating both range limitations and line-of-sight constraints, and we prove asymptotically tight results for k-connectivity. Specifically, we consider points placed randomly on a grid (or torus), such that each node can see up to a fixed distance along the row and column it belongs to. (We think of the rows and columns as 'streets' and 'avenues' among a regularly spaced array of obstructions.) Further, we show that when the probability of node placement is a constant factor larger than the threshold for connectivity, near-shortest paths between pairs of nodes can be found, with high probability, by an algorithm using only local information. In addition to analysing connectivity and k-connectivity, we also study the emergence of a giant component, as well an approximation question, in which we seek to connect a set of given nodes in such an environment by adding a small set of additional 'relay' nodes. C1 [Frieze, Alan] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Math Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kleinberg, Jon] Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ravi, R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Tepper Sch Business, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Debany, Warren] USAF, Res Lab, RIG, Informat Grid Div, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Frieze, A (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Math Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM lan@random.math.cmu.edu; kleinber@cs.cornell.edu; ravi+@andrew.cmu.edu; warren.debany@rl.af.mil RI Frieze, Alan/B-8140-2017; OI Frieze, Alan/0000-0002-8481-5615; Ravi, R/0000-0001-7603-1207 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0963-5483 J9 COMB PROBAB COMPUT JI Comb. Probab. Comput. PD JAN-MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 163 DI 10.1017/S0963548308009334 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 431FS UT WOS:000265047400008 ER PT J AU Litzinger, T Colket, M Kahandawala, M Katta, V Lee, SY Liscinsky, D McNesby, K Pawlik, R Roquemore, M Santoro, R Sidhu, S Stouffer, S Wu, J AF Litzinger, T. Colket, M. Kahandawala, M. Katta, V. Lee, S. -Y. Liscinsky, D. McNesby, K. Pawlik, R. Roquemore, M. Santoro, R. Sidhu, S. Stouffer, S. Wu, J. TI Fuel Additive Effects on Soot across a Suite of Laboratory Devices, Part 1: Ethanol SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ethanol; PAH; Soot ID CHEMICAL KINETIC-MODEL; FLAMES; HYDROCARBONS AB The impact of a variety of non-metallic fuel additives on soot was investigated in a collaborative university, industry and government effort. The main objective of this program was to obtain fundamental understanding of the mechanisms through which blending compounds into a fuel affects soot emissions. The research team used a suite of laboratory devices that included a shock tube, a well-stirred reactor, a premixed flat flame, an opposed-jet diffusion flame, and a high pressure turbulent reactor. The work reported here focuses on the effects of ethanol addition to ethylene on soot. The addition of ethanol led to substantial reductions in soot in all of the devices except for the opposed-jet diffusion flame. Modeling of the premixed flame and opposed-jet diffusion flame was used to obtain insights into the mechanism behind the opposing effects of ethanol addition in these two flames. C1 [Litzinger, T.; Lee, S. -Y.; Santoro, R.; Wu, J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Colket, M.; Liscinsky, D.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Kahandawala, M.; Sidhu, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Mech Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Katta, V.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [McNesby, K.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA. [Pawlik, R.; Roquemore, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stouffer, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Litzinger, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM tal2@psu.edu FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [PP1179] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support for this work provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), Project PP1179, under the direction of Dr. Charles Pellerin. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 181 IS 2 BP 310 EP 328 AR PII 908221431 DI 10.1080/00102200802437445 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 400HR UT WOS:000262859100007 ER PT J AU Holcomb, T Herzinger, K AF Holcomb, Trae Herzinger, Kurt TI UNITARY NUMERICAL SEMIGROUPS AND PERFECT BRICKS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN ALGEBRA LA English DT Article DE Dual; Minimal generating set; Numerical semigroup; Relative ideal; Unitary ID TENSOR-PRODUCTS; RIGIDITY; MODULES; TORSION; IDEAL; SETS; TOR AB This article completes a previous investigation of balanced and unitary numerical semigroups. The main result establishes the equivalence of unitary numerical semigroups and perfect 2 x 2 bricks. C1 [Holcomb, Trae; Herzinger, Kurt] USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Herzinger, K (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6D124, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM kurt.herzinger@usafa.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0092-7872 J9 COMMUN ALGEBRA JI Commun. Algebr. PY 2009 VL 37 IS 7 BP 2496 EP 2508 DI 10.1080/00927870802174165 PG 13 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 503ZW UT WOS:000270582700029 ER PT J AU Kim, KT AF Kim, Kristopher T. TI Comparison and Improvement of the Computational Efficiencies of Two FFT-Based Iterative Solution Methods for the Scalar Multiple-Scattering Equation SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Multiple scattering; iterative method; FFT; symmetry ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; T-MATRIX AB We consider two existing FFT-based fast-convolution iterative solution techniques for the scalar T-matrix multiple-scattering equation [1]. The use of the FFT operation requires field values be expressed on a regular Cartesian grid and the two techniques differ in how to go about achieving this. The first technique [6,7] uses the nondiagonal translation operator [1,9] of the spherical multipole field, while the second method [11] uses the diagonal translation operator of Rokhlin [10]. Because of its use of the non-diagonal translator, the first technique has been thought to require a greater number of spatial convolutions than the second technique. We establish that the first method requires only half as many convolution operations as the second method for a comparable numerical accuracy and demonstrate, based on an actual CPU time comparison, that it can therefore perform iterations faster than the second method. We then consider the respective symmetry relations of the non-diagonal and diagonal translators and discuss a memory-reduction procedure for both FFT-based methods. In this procedure, we need to store only the minimum sets of near-field and far-field translation operators and generate missing elements on the fly using the symmetry relations. We show that the relative cost of generating the missing elements becomes smaller as the number of scatterers increases. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Electromagnet Scattering Branch, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kim, KT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Electromagnet Scattering Branch, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM trout@ieee.org NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 108 EP 125 PG 18 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 392IE UT WOS:000262295600005 ER PT J AU Huang, JQ Wood, AW Havrilla, MJ AF Huang, Junqi Wood, Aihua W. Havrilla, Michael J. TI A Hybrid Finite Element-Laplace Transform Method for the Analysis of Transient Electromagnetic Scattering by an Over-Filled Cavity in the Ground Plane SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Overfilled cavity; time domain electromagnetic scattering; Laplace transform; finite element method ID BOUNDARY INTEGRAL METHOD; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION; NUMERICAL INVERSION; OVERFILLED CAVITY; SIMULATION; EQUATION; ANTENNAS AB A hybrid finite element-Laplace transform method is implemented to analyze the time domain electromagnetic scattering induced by a 2-D overfilled cavity embedded in the infinite ground plane. The algorithm divides the whole scattering domain into two, interior and exterior, sub-domains. In the interior sub-domain which covers the cavity, the problem is solved via the finite element method. The problem is solved analytically in the exterior sub-domain which slightly overlaps the interior subdomain and extends to the rest of the upper half plane. The use of the Laplace transform leads to an analytical link condition between the overlapping sub-domains. The analytical link guides the selection of the overlapping zone and eliminates the need to use the conventional Schwartz iteration. This dramatically improves the efficiency for solving transient scattering problems. Numerical solutions are tested favorably against analytical ones for a canonical geometry. The perfect link over the artificial boundary between the finite element approximation in the interior and analytical solution in the exterior further indicates the reliability of the method. An error analysis is also performed. C1 [Huang, Junqi; Wood, Aihua W.; Havrilla, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wood, AW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Junqi.Huang@afit.edu; Aihua.Wood@afit.edu; Havrilla@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 2303, OFFICER TOWER, CONVENTION PLAZA, 1 HARBOUR ROAD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 126 EP 141 PG 16 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 392IE UT WOS:000262295600006 ER PT J AU Booksh, KS Bronk, B Czege, J AF Booksh, K. S. Bronk, B. Czege, J. BE Brown, SD Tauler, R Walczak, B TI Three-Way Calibration SO COMPREHENSIVE CHEMOMETRICS: CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL DATA ANALYSIS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MULTIVARIATE CURVE RESOLUTION; LEAST-SQUARES/RESIDUAL BILINEARIZATION; QUANTIFYING CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ANNIHILATION FACTOR-ANALYSIS; MATRIX FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRA; RANK 2ND-ORDER CALIBRATION; 1ST-ORDER RAYLEIGH SCATTER; 8 TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY DATA; RESTRICTED-TUCKER MODELS C1 [Booksh, K. S.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. [Bronk, B.; Czege, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Booksh, KS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-44-452701-1 PY 2009 BP B379 EP B412 PG 34 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BCS71 UT WOS:000311292900063 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, P Mukherjee, S Chaudhuri, S Seetharaman, G AF Chatterjee, Priyam Mukherjee, Sujata Chaudhuri, Subhasis Seetharaman, Guna TI Application Of Papoulis-Gerchberg Method In Image Super-Resolution and Inpainting SO COMPUTER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Papoulis-Gerchberg; super-resolution; interpolation; inpainting ID GINZBURG-LANDAU EQUATION; SUPER-RESOLUTION; RECONSTRUCTION; EXTRAPOLATION AB In this paper, we study the Papoulis-Gerchberg (PG) method and its applications to domains of image restoration such as super-resolution (SR) and inpainting. We show that the method performs well under certain conditions. We then suggest improvements to the method to achieve better SR and inpainting results. The modification applied to the SR process also allows us to apply the method to a larger class of images by doing away with some of the restrictions inherent in the classical PG method. We also present results to demonstrate the performance of the proposed techniques. C1 [Chatterjee, Priyam; Mukherjee, Sujata; Chaudhuri, Subhasis] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Seetharaman, Guna] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chaudhuri, S (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. EM sc@ee.iitb.ac.in FU AOARD, USA; ISRO, India FX Funding supports from AOARD, USA and ISRO, India, are gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers whose suggestions and constructive criticism have brought this paper to its current state. We would also like to extend our gratitude to Hiroyuki Takeda for providing us results of his research to compare with our results. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0010-4620 J9 COMPUT J JI Comput. J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 1 BP 80 EP 89 DI 10.1093/comjnl/bxm050 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 404OM UT WOS:000263162700006 ER PT J AU O'Hara, P Duarte, CA Eason, T AF O'Hara, P. Duarte, C. A. Eason, T. TI Generalized finite element analysis of three-dimensional heat transfer problems exhibiting sharp thermal gradients SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Generalized finite elements; Global local finite elements; Hp methods; Multiscale problems; Rough solutions; High order methods ID DYNAMIC CRACK-PROPAGATION; STRATEGY; SIMULATION; PARTITION AB In this paper, heat transfer problems exhibiting sharp thermal gradients are analyzed using the classical and generalized finite element methods. The effect of solution roughness on the ability of the methods to obtain accurate approximations is investigated. Convergence Studies show that low order (linear and quadratic) elements require strongly refined meshes for acceptable accuracy. We propose a generalized FEM with global-local enrichments for the class of problems investigated in the paper. In this procedure, a global Solution space defined on a coarse mesh is enriched through the partition Of unity framework of the generalized FEM with solutions of local boundary value problems. The local problems are defined using the same procedure as in the global-local FEM, where boundary conditions are provided by a coarse scale global solution. Coarse, uniform, global meshes are acceptable even at regions with thermal spikes that are orders of magnitude smaller than the element size. Convergence oil these discretizations was achieved even when no or limited convergence was observed in the local problems. Two approaches are proposed to improve the boundary conditions prescribed on local problems and their convergence. The use of the corresponding improved local solutions as enrichments for the global problem extends the range of target error level for the enriched global problem. The two-way information transfer provided by the proposed generalized FEM is appealing to several classes of problems, especially those involving multiple spatial scales. The proposed methodology brings the benefits of generalized FEM to problems where limited or no information about the solution is known a priori. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Hara, P.; Duarte, C. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Eason, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Duarte, CA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Lab, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pohara@uiuc.edu; caduarte@uiuc.edu; Thomas.Eason@wpafb.af.mil RI Duarte, Carlos Armando/B-1753-2008 OI Duarte, Carlos Armando/0000-0002-0048-0679 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate [FA8650-06-2-3620] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the Midwest Structural Sciences Center (MSSC) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Center is supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate under Contract No. FA8650-06-2-3620. NR 48 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2009 VL 198 IS 21-26 SI SI BP 1857 EP 1871 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2008.12.024 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 443IH UT WOS:000265902900019 ER PT J AU Gerschutz, MJ Phillips, CA Reynolds, DB Repperger, DW AF Gerschutz, Maria J. Phillips, Chandler A. Reynolds, David B. Repperger, Daniel W. TI A computational simulated control system for a high-force pneumatic muscle actuator: system definition and application as an augmented orthosis SO COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pneumatic muscle actuator; control system; feed-back control; augmented orthosis; phenomenological model; time constant ID SIT-TO-STAND; ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; BIOMIMETIC MODEL; PERFORMANCE; ROBOT; CHAIR AB High-force pneumatic muscle actuators (PMAs) are used for force assistance with minimal displacement applications. However, poor control due to dynamic nonlinearities has limited PMA applications. A simulated control system is developed consisting of: (1) a controller relating an input position angle to an output proportional pressure regulator voltage, (2) a phenomenological model of the PMA with an internal dynamic force loop (system time constant information), (3) a physical model of a human sit-to-stand task and (4) an external position angle feed-back loop. The results indicate that PMA assistance regarding the human sit-to-stand task is feasible within a specified PMA operational pressure range. C1 [Gerschutz, Maria J.; Phillips, Chandler A.; Reynolds, David B.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Repperger, Daniel W.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Gerschutz, MJ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM gerschutz.4@wright.edu; chandler.phillips@wright.edu; david.reynolds@wright.edu; repperger@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-5842 J9 COMPUT METHOD BIOMEC JI Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 BP 173 EP 183 AR PII 903194011 DI 10.1080/10255840802372052 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 412HY UT WOS:000263717100006 PM 18828027 ER PT J AU Martin, GD Loth, E Lankford, D AF Martin, G. D. Loth, E. Lankford, D. TI Particle host cell determination in unstructured grids SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TRACKING AB An algorithm has been developed to efficiently determine the correct particle host cell for unstructured grids with multiple element types (e.g. tetrahedrons, prisms, hexahedrons, etc.) and large particle movements (e.g. movement across single or multiple cells). The algorithm utilizes a "dot product" searching technique where a direction vector connecting a face centroid and the particle location is dotted with an outwardly-positive face normal to facilitate the host cell search. The algorithm is investigated for particles moving a distance of one or several cell lengths on a variety of two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) meshes. Two variations of this approach are introduced and tested, each focusing on different strategies (cell-searching vs. face-searching minimization) to optimize the use of computational resources. Finally, in order to increase the efficiency of each algorithm in the case of large problems where the previous host cell is not known, a "coarse-grain" search is introduced, whereby a small sampling of the total cells are inspected, after which the adjoining-faces search is completed in the host sub-domain. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Martin, G. D.; Loth, E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Talbot Lab 306, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lankford, D.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Loth, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Talbot Lab 306, 104 S Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM loth@uiuc.edu RI Loth, Eric/C-5805-2008 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD JAN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2008.01.005 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA 370AP UT WOS:000260735400008 ER PT J AU Guha, S Rogers, JW Sheng, Q AF Guha, S. Rogers, J. W. Sheng, Q. TI Effective stretching strategies for paraxial lightwave propagation simulations SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics CY JUN 17-19, 2009 CL MIT, Cambridge, MA HO MIT DE Light beam propagations; Paraxial differential equations; Uniform and nonuniform grids; Finite difference approximations; Hyperbolic exponential fittings; Stretching transformations ID WAVE-EQUATION APPROXIMATIONS; IMMERSED INTERFACE METHOD; DISCONTINUOUS COEFFICIENTS; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; ELLIPTIC-EQUATIONS; VALIDITY; SCHEMES; FLOW AB Stretching computation strategies, including the hyperbolic exponential fittings along the lens interface, stretching transformations in z- and r-directions are discussed in this paper. The resulted adapted finite difference schemes are not only simple in structure, but also highly effective and efficient in the solution of paraxial Helmholtz equations for light beam propagation simulations and high performance lens designs. Cylindrically symmetric lens domains are assumed. Simulation results are given to illustrate the aforementioned numerical, strategies with laboratory applications. Detailed algorithmic structures are given for immediate programming implementations and for similar lightwave propagation computation issues. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rogers, J. W.; Sheng, Q.] Baylor Univ, Ctr Astrophys Space Phys & Engn Res, Dept Math, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Guha, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sheng, Q (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Ctr Astrophys Space Phys & Engn Res, Dept Math, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM Qin_Sheng@baylor.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PY 2009 VL 87 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 784 EP 792 DI 10.1016/j.compstruc.2008.11.016 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 451ER UT WOS:000266454000018 ER PT J AU Kudryavtsev, AA Demidov, VI DeJoseph, CA Adams, SF Serditov, KY AF Kudryavtsev, A. A. Demidov, V. I. DeJoseph, C. A., Jr. Adams, S. F. Serditov, K. Yu. TI Probe Measurements in Electronegative Plasmas: Modeling the Perturbative Effects of the Probe-Holder SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Electric probe; probe-holder; electronegative plasma; modeling ID NEGATIVE-ION DENSITIES; OXYGEN DISCHARGE; POSITIVE-COLUMN; SCALING LAWS AB A basic property of an electronegative plasma is its separation into two distinct regions: an ion-ion region far from boundaries, where the densities of positive and negative ions are higher then electron density, and a near-boundary electron-ion region, where negative ions have practically negligible density. This is due to the influence of the ambipolar electric field, which depends on electron (not negative ion) plasma parameters. This electric field "holds off" negative ions from the boundary, as the ions have lower mobility and temperature compared to the electrons. Therefore, negative ions will be repelled by any object inserted into the plasma. This can lead to errors in measurements of negative ion and electron parameters by any invasive method. Numerical modeling of electric probes in an argon-oxygen plasma clearly demonstrates possible errors of direct measurements of negative ion probe current. This can also affect results from the photo-detachment method and direct measurements of negative ion energy distribution. (C) 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Demidov, V. I.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Kudryavtsev, A. A.; Serditov, K. Yu.] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. [DeJoseph, C. A., Jr.; Adams, S. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Demidov, VI (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. EM vladimir.demidov@wpafb.af.mil RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/I-3413-2012 OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/0000-0002-2232-2954 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research through STTR Phase 2 program FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through STTR Phase 2 program. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 EI 1521-3986 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200910034 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 484SU UT WOS:000269068600003 ER PT S AU Ojard, G Morscher, G Gowayed, Y Santhosh, U Ahmad, J Miller, R John, R AF Ojard, G. Morscher, G. Gowayed, Y. Santhosh, U. Ahmad, J. Miller, R. John, R. BE Salem, J Fuller, ER TI THERMOCOUPLE INTERACTIONS DURING TESTING OF MELT INFILTRATED CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES SO CORROSION, WEAR, FATIGUE, AND RELIABILITY OF CERAMICS SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div AB As high performance ceramic matrix composite systems, such as Melt Infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC, are being considered for advanced gas turbine engine applications, the characterization of the material becomes more important. A series of tests were conducted where Pt and Ni sheathed Pt thermocouples were used to monitor temperature for short and long duration fast fracture, fatigue and creep tests. While it is known that Si forms eutectics with Pt and Ni, this was initially not considered an issue. But since M I SiC/SiC composite achieves much of its performance from the infiltrated phase of Silicon (for high conductivity and low porosity), it was felt that further study of possible interactions of the Si phase has to be considered. Post-test real-time X-ray inspection of the mechanical time-dependent and time-independent testing revealed that the extent of alloying into the sample was greater than anticipated and in some cases extended throughout the entire gage section of the tensile bars. It was concluded that the interactions were limited to the Si Phase of the material and that there was no difference between samples affected by alloying versus those that did not. Additionally, an experimental approach was taken to limit the extent of the thermocouple interaction. The results of this study and the approach will be presented and discussed. C1 [Ojard, G.; Miller, R.] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA. [John, R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Morscher, G.] Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH USA. [Gowayed, Y.] Auburn Univ, Aubum, AL USA. [Santhosh, U.; Ahmad, J.] Res Applicat Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ojard, G (reprint author), Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA. FU Materials & Manufacturing Directorate [F33615-01-C-5234, F33615-03-D-2354-DO4]; Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-01-C-5234, F33615-03-D-2354-DO4] FX The Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory under contract F33615-01-C-5234 and contract F33615-03-D-2354-DO4 sponsored portions of this work NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34493-4 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 11 EP + DI 10.1002/9780470456347.ch2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJD50 UT WOS:000265017600002 ER PT S AU Mall, S Ahn, JM AF Mall, Shankar Ahn, Joon-Mo BE Salem, J Fuller, ER TI INVESTIGATION INTO CYCLIC FREQUENCY EFFECTS ON FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF AN OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITE SO CORROSION, WEAR, FATIGUE, AND RELIABILITY OF CERAMICS SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div AB An oxide-oxide CMC with no interface, Nextel720 (TM)/alumina, was investigated under tension-tension fatigue condition at three frequencies (1, 100 and 900 Hz) to characterize the effects of cyclic frequency at room temperature. Cycles to failure at a stress level increased considerably with increase of the cyclic frequency from 100 to 900 Hz, but not much between 1 and 100 Hz. Local fiber/matrix interfacial bonding due to the frictional heating at the highest frequency of 900 Hz was observed during cycling. This may have caused an increase in the fatigue life/strength of the tested CMC system at the highest frequency of 900 Hz. C1 [Mall, Shankar] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34493-4 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1002/9780470456347.ch12 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJD50 UT WOS:000265017600012 ER PT S AU Su, YJ AF Su, Yi-Jiun BE Strassmeier, KG Kosovichev, AG Beckman, JE TI Electromagnetic interaction between Jupiter's ionosphere and the Io plasma torus SO COSMIC MAGNETIC FIELDS: FROM PLANETS, TO STARS AND GALAXIES SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 259th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY NOV 03-07, 2008 CL Puerto Santiago, SPAIN SP Int Astron Union, Inst Astrophys Canarias, Astrophys Inst Potsdam DE Acceleration of particles; waves; plasmas; planets and satellites ID PARALLEL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ALFVEN WAVES; MAGNETOSPHERE; HYDROGEN; AURORA; ARCS AB The electromagnetic interaction between Jupiter and Io has been studied extensively since the discovery of Io-controlled decametric radio emissions (DAMs). A variety of mechanisms for electromagnetic disturbances have been considered including a unipolar inductor, the excitation of large-amplitude Alfven waves, the generation of electrostatic electric fields parallel to the ambient magnetic field, and etc. Recently, three auroral acceleration regions categorized by terrestrial physicists have been applied to the Jupiter-Io coupling system: the Alfvenic acceleration region is associated with bright emissions at Io's magnetic footprint, whereas the quasi-static system of anti-planetward and planetward currents set up at the inner and outer edges of the torus in the downstream region of Io's wake. This review paper summarizes the current understanding of the coupling mechanisms between Jupiters ionosphere and the Io plasma torus, as well as the electron acceleration mechanism necessary to excite Io-associated emissions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, RVBXP, AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Su, YJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXP, 29 Randolph Rd, AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM yijiunsu@gmail.com NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-88990-2 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2009 VL 4 IS 259 BP 271 EP 282 DI 10.1017/S1743921309030610 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJL60 UT WOS:000266769600059 ER PT S AU Grabowski, C Degnan, JH Camacho, JF Coffey, CK Coulter, G Domonkos, M Gale, D Martinez, B Parker, J Ralph, D Ruden, EL Sommars, W Hsu, SC Intrator, TP Renneke, RM Sieck, P Waganaar, WJ Wurden, GA Thio, YCF AF Grabowski, C. Degnan, J. H. Camacho, J. F. Coffey, S. K. Coulter, G. Domonkos, M. Gale, D. Martinez, B. Parker, J. Ralph, D. Ruden, E. L. Sommars, W. Hsu, S. C. Intrator, T. P. Renneke, R. M. Sieck, P. Waganaar, W. J. Wurden, G. A. Thio, Y. C. F. BE Panarella, E Raman, R TI FRC COMPRESSION HEATING EXPERIMENT (CHX) AT AFRL SO CURRENT TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL FUSION RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Evaluation of Current Trends in Fusion Research CY MAR 05-09, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Fus Reactor Technol C1 [Grabowski, C.; Degnan, J. H.; Camacho, J. F.; Coffey, S. K.; Coulter, G.; Domonkos, M.; Gale, D.; Martinez, B.; Parker, J.; Ralph, D.; Ruden, E. L.; Sommars, W.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Grabowski, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Thio, Yong Chia/G-5442-2014; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Thio, Yong Chia/0000-0003-3615-643X; Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0691-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1154 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BLE22 UT WOS:000269998900009 ER PT S AU Ruden, EL Zhang, S Intrator, TP Wurden, GA Renneke, R Waganaar, WJ Analla, FT Grabowski, TC AF Ruden, E. L. Zhang, Shouyin Intrator, T. P. Wurden, G. A. Renneke, R. Waganaar, W. J. Analla, F. T. Grabowski, T. C. BE Panarella, E Raman, R TI EXPERIMENTAL PROFILE EVOLUTION OF THE FRX-L HIGH DENSITY FIELD REVERSED CONFIGURATION INFERRED FROM MULTICHORD INTERFEROMETRY SO CURRENT TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL FUSION RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Evaluation of Current Trends in Fusion Research CY MAR 05-09, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Fus Reactor Technol C1 [Ruden, E. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0691-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1154 BP 163 EP 164 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BLE22 UT WOS:000269998900029 ER PT B AU Fukata, K Washio, T Yada, K Motoda, H AF Fukata, Kenta Washio, Takashi Yada, Katsutoshi Motoda, Hiroshi BE Ohsawa, Y Yada, K TI A Method to Search ARX Model Orders and Its Application to Sales Dynamics Analysis SO DATA MINING FOR DESIGN AND MARKETING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PERFORMANCE; FUTURE; IMPACT C1 [Fukata, Kenta] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Osaka, Japan. [Motoda, Hiroshi] USAF, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, AF Off Sci Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Washio, Takashi] Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka, Japan. [Yada, Katsutoshi] Kansai Univ, Fac Commerce, Osaka, Japan. [Yada, Katsutoshi] Osaka Ind Univ, Dept Business Adm, Osaka, Japan. RP Fukata, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Osaka, Japan. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4200-7019-4 J9 CH CRC DATA MIN KNOW PY 2009 BP 81 EP 94 D2 10.1201/9781420070224 PG 14 WC Business; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Business & Economics; Computer Science GA BJR17 UT WOS:000267019100005 ER PT J AU Schreiber, BT Bennett, W Colegrove, CM Portrey, AM Greschke, DA Bell, HH AF Schreiber, Brian T. Bennett, Winston, Jr. Colegrove, Charles M. Portrey, Antoinette M. Greschke, David A. Bell, Herbert H. BE Ericsson, KA TI Evaluating Pilot Performance SO DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE: TOWARD MEASUREMENT OF EXPERT PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN OF OPTIMAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schreiber, Brian T.] Lumir Res Inst, Grayslake, IL USA. [Portrey, Antoinette M.] Lockheed Martin, Mesa, AZ USA. [Greschke, David A.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Mesa, AZ USA. [Bennett, Winston, Jr.; Bell, Herbert H.] USAF, Res Lab, Warfighter Readiness Res Div, Mesa, AZ USA. [Colegrove, Charles M.] Alion Sci & Technol, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Schreiber, BT (reprint author), Lumir Res Inst, Grayslake, IL USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51846-8 PY 2009 BP 247 EP 270 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511609817.014 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511609817 PG 24 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BBL53 UT WOS:000307283800011 ER PT S AU Cheng, ZQ Robinette, K AF Cheng, Zhiqing Robinette, Kathleen BE Duffy, VG TI Static and Dynamic Human Shape Modeling SO DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Digital Human Modeling held at the HCI International 2009 CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA DE Human body; shape modeling; pose; animation ID SKIN DEFORMATION AB Recent developments in static human shape modeling based on range scan data and dynamic human shape modeling from video imagery are reviewed. The topics discussed include shape description, surface registration, hole Filling, shape characterization, and shape reconstruction for static modeling and pose identification, skeleton modeling, shape deformation, motion tracking, dynamic shape capture and reconstruction, and animation for dynamic modeling. A new method for human shape modeling is introduced. C1 [Cheng, Zhiqing] Infoscitex Corp, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway,Suite 210, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Robinette, Kathleen] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cheng, ZQ (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, 4027 Colonel Glenn Highway,Suite 210, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM zhiqing.cheng@wpafb.af.mil; kathleen.robinette@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-02808-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5620 BP 3 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BKR86 UT WOS:000269037100001 ER PT J AU Previc, FH AF Previc, Fred H. BA Previc, FH BF Previc, FH TI What makes humans special? SO DOPAMINERGIC MIND IN HUMAN EVOLUTION AND HISTORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS DOPAMINE; GROWTH-HORMONE DEFICIENCY; MODERN HUMAN-BEHAVIOR; EARLY-TREATED PHENYLKETONURIA; FRONTAL-SUBCORTICAL CIRCUITS; GENERAL FLUID INTELLIGENCE; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS; PROGRESSIVE MATRICES TEST C1 [Previc, Fred H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), Eleanor Kolitz Acad, San Antonio, TX 78231 USA. NR 595 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51699-0 PY 2009 BP 1 EP + D2 10.1017/CBO9780511581366 PG 53 WC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences; Psychology SC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BDR77 UT WOS:000314589000001 ER PT J AU Previc, FH AF Previc, Fred H. BA Previc, FH BF Previc, FH TI Dopamine in the brain SO DOPAMINERGIC MIND IN HUMAN EVOLUTION AND HISTORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Previc, Fred H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), Eleanor Kolitz Acad, San Antonio, TX 78231 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51699-0 PY 2009 BP 19 EP 36 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511581366.002 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511581366 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences; Psychology SC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BDR77 UT WOS:000314589000002 ER PT J AU Previc, FH AF Previc, Fred H. BA Previc, FH BF Previc, FH TI Dopamine and behavior SO DOPAMINERGIC MIND IN HUMAN EVOLUTION AND HISTORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Previc, Fred H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), Eleanor Kolitz Acad, San Antonio, TX 78231 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51699-0 PY 2009 BP 37 EP 74 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511581366.003 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511581366 PG 38 WC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences; Psychology SC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BDR77 UT WOS:000314589000003 ER PT J AU Previc, FH AF Previc, Fred H. BA Previc, FH BF Previc, FH TI Dopamine and mental health SO DOPAMINERGIC MIND IN HUMAN EVOLUTION AND HISTORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Previc, Fred H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), Eleanor Kolitz Acad, San Antonio, TX 78231 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51699-0 PY 2009 BP 75 EP 100 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511581366.004 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511581366 PG 26 WC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences; Psychology SC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BDR77 UT WOS:000314589000004 ER PT J AU Previc, FH AF Previc, Fred H. BA Previc, FH BF Previc, FH TI Evolution of the dopaminergic mind SO DOPAMINERGIC MIND IN HUMAN EVOLUTION AND HISTORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Previc, Fred H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), Eleanor Kolitz Acad, San Antonio, TX 78231 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51699-0 PY 2009 BP 101 EP 122 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511581366.005 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511581366 PG 22 WC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences; Psychology SC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BDR77 UT WOS:000314589000005 ER PT J AU Previc, FH AF Previc, Fred H. BA Previc, FH BF Previc, FH TI The dopaminergic mind in history SO DOPAMINERGIC MIND IN HUMAN EVOLUTION AND HISTORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Previc, Fred H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), Eleanor Kolitz Acad, San Antonio, TX 78231 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51699-0 PY 2009 BP 123 EP 154 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511581366.006 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511581366 PG 32 WC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences; Psychology SC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BDR77 UT WOS:000314589000006 ER PT J AU Previc, FH AF Previc, Fred H. BA Previc, FH BF Previc, FH TI Relinquishing the dopaminergic imperative SO DOPAMINERGIC MIND IN HUMAN EVOLUTION AND HISTORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Previc, Fred H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Previc, FH (reprint author), Eleanor Kolitz Acad, San Antonio, TX 78231 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51699-0 PY 2009 BP 155 EP 172 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511581366.007 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511581366 PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences; Psychology SC Evolutionary Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BDR77 UT WOS:000314589000007 ER PT B AU Jordan, JL White, B Spowart, JE Thadhani, NN Richards, DW AF Jordan, J. L. White, B. Spowart, J. E. Thadhani, N. N. Richards, D. W. GP EDPS TI Static and dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy-based multi-constituent particulate composites SO DYMAT 2009: 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Royal Mil Acad, Brussels, BELGIUM HO Royal Mil Acad ID PARTICLE-MATRIX ADHESION; GLASS FILLED EPOXIES; BEHAVIOR CHARACTERIZATION; YIELD AB Multi-phase particulate composites consist of individual particles of more than one material dispersed throughout and held together by a polymer binder. The mechanical and physical properties of the composite depend on the properties of the individual components; their loading density; the shape and size of the particles; the interfacial adhesion; residual stresses; and matrix porosity. These multi-phase particulate composites systems, particularly those with high fill densities, have not typically been studied to determine the effects of microstructural features on properties. In this paper, we present our investigation of the influence of particle size and dispersion on the static and dynamic mechanical response of these multi-phase (n > 2) polymer-metal composites. The low and high strain rate compressive strengths are determined using an MTS load frame and a split Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively, and the elastic properties were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis. The results are analyzed using a factorial design of experiments to determine the effect of aluminum and nickel volume percent and aluminum particle size on the compressive strength as a function of strain rate. C1 [Jordan, J. L.; Richards, D. W.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Jordan, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0472-6 PY 2009 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1051/dymat/2009003 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BMO55 UT WOS:000273127300003 ER PT B AU Martin, B Chen, W AF Martin, B. Chen, W. GP EDPS TI Response of moist sand to high rate loading SO DYMAT 2009: 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Royal Mil Acad, Brussels, BELGIUM HO Royal Mil Acad ID SOFT SOILS AB The dynamic response of sand has predominately been characterized at dry and saturated conditions, but much less studied at moist or partially saturated conditions. This work is to aid in better understanding the dynamic behavior of partially saturated sand. In particular, the effects of moisture on the dynamic behavior of poorly graded, silica based sand are explored using a modified Kolsky bar. A controlled loading pulse (pulse shaping) allowed the sample to acquire stress equilibrium and a constant strain-rate. The experiments were conducted at strain-rates of 900 s(-1) and 1500 s(-1) with the sand specimen passively confined in a hardened steel tube. The sand has a dry density of 1.50 g/cm(3) with its moisture contents varying from 0% to 9% by weight. Experimental results indicate that partially saturated sand is more compliant than dry sand. The softening of the partially saturated sand may occur due to the pore water acting as a lubricant between the sand particles. C1 [Martin, B.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Martin, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0472-6 PY 2009 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1051/dymat/2009027 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BMO55 UT WOS:000273127300027 ER PT B AU Nixon, ME Cazacu, O House, J AF Nixon, M. E. Cazacu, O. House, J. GP EDPS TI Strain rate effects on the mechanical properties of high-purity alpha-titanium SO DYMAT 2009: 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Royal Mil Acad, Brussels, BELGIUM HO Royal Mil Acad AB A comprehensive experimental study of strain rate effects on the deformation of high-purity, polycrystalline alpha-titanium plate is presented. Monotonic uniaxial compression and tension tests were carried out at room temperature under quasi-static conditions to quantify the plastic anisotropy and the tension-compression symmetry of the material. To characterize the material's strain rate sensitivity Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar tests at strain rates of 400 to 600/s were performed along the symmetry axes of the material. It was observed that for both quasi-static and dynamic loading the response is dependent on the orientation of the loading with respect to the < c > axis of the grains. A clear increase in strength with increasing strain rate was observed during loading in the rolling direction, whereas the hardening rate remains practically unchanged for all the other orientations. C1 [Nixon, M. E.; House, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Cazacu, O.] Univ Florida, REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar 32579, FL USA. RP Nixon, ME (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. FU U.S.Air Force [FA 8651-05-1-0005] FX The experimental quasistatic tests were conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory. High rate experiments were conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory Munitions Directorate at Eglin AFB, FL.The input and help provided by Dr. R. A. Lebensohn, M. Lovato, Philip Flater and Richard Harris are gratefully acknowledged. O. Cazacu acknowledges the partial support for this work provided by the U.S.Air Force under grant FA 8651-05-1-0005. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0473-3 PY 2009 BP 1161 EP + DI 10.1051/dymat/2009162 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BMO56 UT WOS:000273128000032 ER PT J AU Brissett, W AF Brissett, Wilson TI Edward Taylor's Public Devotions SO EARLY AMERICAN LITERATURE LA English DT Article ID PURITAN; TAYLOR,EDWARD; PSALMS; POETRY C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Brissett, W (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS PI CHAPEL HILL PA BOX 2288, JOURNALS DEPT, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27515-2288 USA SN 0012-8163 J9 EARLY AM LITERATURE JI Early Am. Lit. PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 457 EP 487 PG 31 WC Literature, American SC Literature GA 518MF UT WOS:000271696000002 ER PT J AU Hameed, S Norwood, HH Flanagan, M Feldstein, S Yang, CH AF Hameed, Sultan Norwood, Henry H. Flanagan, Michael Feldstein, Steven Yang, Chien-hsiung TI EARTH Interactions SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Bird migration; ENSO; Aleutian birds; Attu ID EL-NINO; PATTERNS AB Several studies have documented the effect of the recent secular climate warming on the distributions and geographical ranges of birds. Here the authors report the strong impact of a recurring climatic pattern in the equatorial Pacific, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle of warm (El Nino) and cold (La Nina) events, on spring migrants along the Far Eastern flyway in northeast Asia. In El Nino years, an unusually large number of birds that use the flyway are observed at Attu Island, westernmost of the Aleutian Islands, nearly 960 km away from the Asian coast. This study is based on a 20-yr dataset documenting the year-to-year variation of Asian birds arriving on Attu in the spring season and uses a three-phased analytical methodology to examine climate impacts on bird movements and populations. The authors offer evidence that birds are displaced toward the Attu area in strong eastward-moving storms. They also present results from a reverse trajectory model that was used to simulate trajectories that a sample of Attu arrivals likely followed in reaching the island. In a statistical analysis, it is shown that 79% of the variation of the Asian birds is explained by a single climate variable: sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific in the previous fall. It is the rise in sea surface temperature in this region, more than 8000 km from Attu, that characterizes the onset of an El Nino episode. Examining those years for which there was a strong ENSO signal in the fall, it is found that the following May is characterized by anomalously strong westerly winds in the northwest Pacific, conditions that are appropriate for large Asian bird fallouts at Attu. Because of the time lag between the fall sea surface temperatures in the El Nino region and the spring Asian bird count at Attu, and the strong correlation between these two quantities, the number of Asian birds arriving at Attu in spring is predictable in the previous autumn. Such predictions are presented for several years. C1 [Hameed, Sultan; Flanagan, Michael] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Feldstein, Steven] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Yang, Chien-hsiung] USAF, Voluntary Emeritus Corps, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA USA. RP Hameed, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM shameed@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2009 VL 13 AR 7 DI 10.1175/2009EI272.1 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 488GJ UT WOS:000269336900001 ER PT J AU Sukeshini, AM Cummins, R Reitz, TL Miller, RM AF Sukeshini, A. M. Cummins, R. Reitz, T. L. Miller, R. M. TI Inkjet Printing of Anode Supported SOFC: Comparison of Slurry Pasted Cathode and Printed Cathode SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; AIR CATHODES; ELECTROLYTE; STACKS AB Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) were fabricated by depositing NiO/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode interlayer, YSZ electrolyte layer, and strontium-doped lanthanum manganate (LSM)-YSZ and LSM cathode layers on a NiO-YSZ support using an inkjet printing method with potential for high reproducibility and design flexibility. The cells exhibited a stable open-circuit voltage of 1.1 V and a maximum power density of 430-460 mW/cm(2) at 850 degrees C for hydrogen. For comparison, cells similar in all respects except for utilizing conventional hand-pasted slurry for the cathode layers, were tested and shown to have similar electrochemical performance. Altering the rheological property of the ink and/or the printing process parameter altered the microstructure of printed layers. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI:10.1149/1.3243468] All rights reserved. C1 [Sukeshini, A. M.; Cummins, R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. [Reitz, T. L.; Miller, R. M.] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sukeshini, AM (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. EM mary.ayyadurai.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2009 VL 12 IS 12 BP B176 EP B179 DI 10.1149/1.3243468 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 508FR UT WOS:000270915300008 ER PT S AU Nalladega, V Sathish, S Jata, K Blodgett, M Knopp, J AF Nalladega, Vijayaraghava Sathish, Shamachary Jata, Kumar Blodgett, Mark Knopp, Jeremy BE Shin, YK Lee, HB Song, SJ TI High resolution Eddy Current Atomic Force Microscopy: Development, Theoretical Modeling and Application SO ELECTROMAGNETIC NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (XII) SE Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation (ENDE) CY JUN 10-12, 2008 CL Seoul Educ & Culture Ctr, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Sungkyunkwan Univ, Soongsil Univ, Kunsan Natl Univ, Korea Inst Mat Sci, Doosan Heavy Ind & Construct, NAWOO Tech Res Ltd, Adv NDE Serv Corp, Energy Syst Corp, Zetec Inc, Korea Gas Corp, Adv Inst Qual & Safety, RAYNAR Corp, FRONTICS Inc, Jaewoo Technol Corp HO Seoul Educ & Culture Ctr DE eddy currents; conductivity; atomic force microscopy ID PLATES AB This paper describes the development of a high resolution eddy current imaging system by combining the basic principles of conventional eddy current and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The eddy currents are generated by exciting a small coil, placed under an electrically conductive sample, with a low frequency electromagnetic signal. The eddy currents through the sample are detected by a magnetic film coated AFM tip-cantilever. The force between the coil and the magnetic tip, with and without the electrically conductive sample, is related to the electrical conductivity, at that location in the sample. The images of the electrical conductivity variations in the sample are obtained by scanning the sample with a magnetic film coated tip. Eddy current images of metal, composite, and nano-composites are presented. A theoretical model developed to evaluate the response of the magnetic film coated AFM tip under the eddy current excitation is described. The results obtained on simple metals are compared with the theoretical model. The model is used to interpret in general the observed contrast and features in different materials. C1 [Nalladega, Vijayaraghava; Sathish, Shamachary] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jata, Kumar; Blodgett, Mark; Knopp, Jeremy] AFRL, RXLP, Ceram & NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nalladega, Vijayaraghava] Univ Dayton, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Nalladega, V (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM vijayanz@notes.udayton.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute ( DAGSI); Air Force [F33615- 03- 3- 9001]; NDE Branch; AFRL/ MLLP; AFB [F33615- 03- C- 5219] FX V. Nalladega acknowledges Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute ( DAGSI) and the Air Force contract F33615- 03- 3- 9001 for financial support. S. Sathish acknowledges the NDE Branch, AFRL/ MLLP, Wright Patterson AFB for financial support through contract No. F33615- 03- C- 5219. The authors would like to acknowledge Richard Reibel ( UDRI) for his help with instrumentation. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7281 BN 978-1-60750-442-9; 978-1-60750-023-0 J9 STUD APPL ELECTROMAG PY 2009 VL 32 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.3233/978-1-60750-023-0-115 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BB2SQ UT WOS:000342281500018 ER PT S AU Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC Sabbagh, HA Jata, KV AF Knopp, Jeremy S. Aldrin, John C. Sabbagh, Harold A. Jata, Kumar V. BE Shin, YK Lee, HB Song, SJ TI Estimation Theory Metrics in Electromagnetic NDE SO ELECTROMAGNETIC NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (XII) SE Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation (ENDE) CY JUN 10-12, 2008 CL Seoul Educ & Culture Ctr, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Sungkyunkwan Univ, Soongsil Univ, Kunsan Natl Univ, Korea Inst Mat Sci, Doosan Heavy Ind & Construct, NAWOO Tech Res Ltd, Adv NDE Serv Corp, Energy Syst Corp, Zetec Inc, Korea Gas Corp, Adv Inst Qual & Safety, RAYNAR Corp, FRONTICS Inc, Jaewoo Technol Corp HO Seoul Educ & Culture Ctr DE eddy current; parameter estimation; Cramer-Rao; Fisher information ID INVERSION; CRACKS; MODEL AB There is a need in the development and validation of inverse methods for NDE inspection problems to demonstrate capability using quantitative performance metrics. An overview of metrics is presented addressing the condition of the ill-posed problem, the quality of feature extraction algorithms, and performance of inversion algorithms. In particular, the relationship between metrics found in estimation theory, linear algebra and statistics are presented including Fisher Information, Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB), covariance, singular value decomposition (SVD), and variance inflation factors (VIFs). The connections and utility of these metrics are illustrated through examples of estimating material loss (thickness), conductivity, and lift-off. C1 [Knopp, Jeremy S.; Jata, Kumar V.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sabbagh, Harold A.] Victor Technol LLC, Victor, NY USA. RP Knopp, JS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeremy.Knopp@WPAFB.AF.MIL FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7281 BN 978-1-60750-442-9; 978-1-60750-023-0 J9 STUD APPL ELECTROMAG PY 2009 VL 32 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.3233/978-1-60750-023-0-321 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BB2SQ UT WOS:000342281500044 ER PT S AU Jakubiak, R Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Lloyd, PF Sutherland, R Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ AF Jakubiak, Rachel Tondiglia, Vincent P. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Lloyd, Pamela F. Sutherland, Richard Vaia, Richard A. Bunning, Timothy J. BE Chien, LC Wu, MH TI Lasing of Pyrromethene 597 in 2-D Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals: Influence of Columnar Conformation SO EMERGING LIQUID CRYSTAL TECHNOLOGIES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies IV CY JAN 25-28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE holography; H-PDLCs; organic lasers ID 3-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; VELOCITY ANOMALY PECULIAR; DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK; LIGHT AMPLIFICATION; LASER AB Holographic photopolymerization, such as used to form holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs), has the advantage of combining the desirable processing properties of polymers with a periodic distribution of an electrically tunable medium (LC). Herein we describe laser oscillations resulting from distributed feedback in field-modulated, 2-D H-PDLC photonic crystals. Compared to results of lasing from pyrromethene 597 in 1-D H-PDLCs, the linewidth of the laser action decreases by at least a factor of four and the lasing wavelength is electrically tunable over 5 nm. The 2-D H-PDLCs consist of LC columns within a polymer matrix that were created by interference of four writing beams on the sample cell. Two configurations were studied; one comprising a reflection grating orthogonal to a transmission grating (in-plane) and the other from two orthogonal transmission gratings (out-of-plane). Given that the lattice spacing was the same for both samples, the lasing wavelengths were similar; however the polarization dependence on lasing threshold varied by a factor of three for the in-plane configuration and electrical switching resulted in bimodal lasing. The out-of-plane geometry showed no polarization dependence on lasing threshold and the lasing blue-shifted with applied electric field. C1 [Jakubiak, Rachel; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Lloyd, Pamela F.; Sutherland, Richard; Vaia, Richard A.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jakubiak, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7478-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7232 AR 72320K DI 10.1117/12.810496 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Optics; Physics GA BST81 UT WOS:000285776600016 ER PT J AU Yamada, T Graham, JL Minus, DK AF Yamada, Takahiro Graham, John L. Minus, Donald K. TI Density Functional Theory Investigation of the Interaction between Nitrile Rubber and Fuel Species SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BONDS; AB-INITIO; DFT; COMPLEXES AB The interactions between a nitrile rubber O-ring model polymer and selected fuel species were investigated using one of the hybrid density functional theories (DFT), B3LYP. The primary objective of this study was to examine whether theoretical investigation can be used as a potential tool to predict the intensity of the polymer-fuel species interaction, namely, swelling, and if so, which calculated properties have a strong correlation with experimentally observed swelling behavior. The fuel species investigated were ethylbenzene, phenol, methylphenol, phenylmethanol, phenylethanol, phenylbutanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, and di- and triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (diEGME and triEGME, respectively). The model polymer created to represent the nitrile rubber O-ring was cis-butadiene-acrylonitrile-trans-butadiene (cis-C4H7-CH2CHCN-trans-C4H7). The properties investigated were charge distribution, intermolecular distances, binding energies, and vibrational frequency shifts corresponding to the cyano group stretching mode of the model polymers because of the interaction. Some of the cyano group vibrational frequency shifts were compared to an experimentally observed infrared absorption peak shift associated with the nitrile rubber cyano group because of polymer-fuel species interactions. There is a strong correlation among calculated intermolecular distances, binding energies, and frequency shifts. The order of interaction intensities between polymer and fuel species based on the calculated parameters is also consistent with the order of interaction intensities based on the experimentally derived partition and swelling coefficients. The B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) derived vibrational frequency shift associated with the cyano group stretching mode showed good agreement with the experimentally measured adsorption peak shift. C1 [Minus, Donald K.] USAF, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yamada, Takahiro; Graham, John L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Yamada, T (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM takahiro.yamada@udri.udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-03-2-2347] FX This paper is based on research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Agreement F33615-03-2-2347 (Technical Monitor, Mr. Robert W. Morris, Jr.). NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 443 EP 450 DI 10.1021/ef8006189 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 411ED UT WOS:000263629900062 ER PT J AU Phillips, J Newman, AM Walls, MR AF Phillips, Julia Newman, Alexandra M. Walls, Michael R. TI UTILIZING A VALUE OF INFORMATION FRAMEWORK TO IMPROVE ORE COLLECTION AND CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURES SO ENGINEERING ECONOMIST LA English DT Article AB This case study utilizes a value of information decision framework to provide mine managers guidance regarding the purchase of ore grade scanners. LKAB's Kiruna mine produces three types of iron ore to meet long-term contractual agreements on a monthly basis. There is a priori uncertainty regarding the ore type in any given mineable section of the orebody. In addition, there is extracted ore type uncertainty that is introduced by the mining process. These uncertainties are better understood by obtaining more precise (real-time) information. In addition, a better understanding of the uncertainties can improve the quality of operational decisions and increase the overall profitability of the mine. This case study provides a framework for measuring the economic impact of information purchases in a mining context and discusses the implications of those findings. C1 [Newman, Alexandra M.; Walls, Michael R.] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Econ & Business, Golden, CO 80419 USA. [Phillips, Julia] USAF Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Newman, AM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Econ & Business, Golden, CO 80419 USA. EM anewman@mines.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0013-791X J9 ENG ECON JI Eng. Econ. PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1 BP 50 EP 74 DI 10.1080/00137910802711883 PG 25 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA V19YG UT WOS:000208107100003 ER PT J AU Finomore, V Matthews, G Shaw, T Warm, J AF Finomore, V. Matthews, G. Shaw, T. Warm, J. TI Predicting vigilance: A fresh look at an old problem SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Review DE vigilance; individual differences; personality; personnel selection ID SUSTAINED-ATTENTION TASK; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; COGNITIVE FAILURES; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; ADHD SYMPTOMATOLOGY; MULTIPLE RESOURCES; BOREDOM PRONENESS; WORKLOAD HISTORY; WORKING-MEMORY AB Individual differences in vigilance are ubiquitous and relevant to a variety of work environments in industrial, transportation, medical and security settings. Despite much previous work, mostly on personality traits, it remains difficult to identify vigilant operators. This paper reviews recent research that may point towards practically useful predictor variables for vigilance. Theoretical approaches to identifying predictors that accommodate the heterogeneous nature of vigilance tasks are compared. The article surveys recent empirical studies using personality measures, ability tests and scales for stress and coping as predictors of vigilance. Promising new constructs include trait scales linked to fatigue, abnormal personality and the stress state of task engagement. Implications of the data reviewed for occupational selection are discussed. Selection should be based on a multivariate assessment strategy, cognitive task analysis of the operational vigilance task and use of work sample measures to capture typical stress responses to the task. This review paper surveys recent research that may point towards practically useful predictor variables for vigilance. The article surveys recent empirical studies using personality measures, ability tests and scales for stress and coping as predictors of vigilance. Selection should be based on a multivariate assessment strategy. C1 [Finomore, V.; Warm, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Matthews, G.; Shaw, T.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Finomore, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM victor@finomore.com FU Army Research Institute [W74V8H-06-C-0049, 06-S-1003]; JXT Corporation; Army Medical Research and Material Command [W81XWH-04-C-0002] FX This research was supported, in part, by Contract W74V8H-06-C-0049 subcontract 06-S-1003 from the Army Research Institute and the JXT Corporation and by Contract W81XWH-04-C-0002 from the Army Medical Research and Material Command. The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy or decision unless so designated by other documentation. In the conduct of research under the mentioned contracts where humans were the subjects, the investigator(s) adhered to the policies regarding the protection of human subjects as prescribed by 45 CFR 46 and 32 CFR 219 (Protection of Human Subjects). NR 152 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PY 2009 VL 52 IS 7 BP 791 EP 808 DI 10.1080/00140130802641627 PG 18 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 462QN UT WOS:000267370800003 PM 19562590 ER PT J AU Shen, LX Suter, BW AF Shen, Lixin Suter, Bruce W. TI Bounds for Eigenvalues of Arrowhead Matrices and Their Applications to Hub Matrices and Wireless Communications SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON ADVANCES IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article AB This paper considers the lower and upper bounds of eigenvalues of arrow-head matrices. We propose a parameterized decomposition of an arrowhead matrix which is a sum of a diagonal matrix and a special kind of arrowhead matrix whose eigenvalues can be computed explicitly. The eigenvalues of the arrowhead matrix are then estimated in terms of eigenvalues of the diagonal matrix and the special arrowhead matrix by using Weyl's theorem. Improved bounds of the eigenvalues are obtained by choosing a decomposition of the arrowhead matrix which can provide best bounds. Some applications of these results to hub matrices and wireless communications are discussed. Copyright (C) 2009 L. Shen and B. W. Suter. C1 [Suter, Bruce W.] USAF, Res Lab, RITC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Shen, Lixin] Syracuse Univ, Dept Math, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Suter, BW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RITC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM bruce.suter@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Visiting Summer Faculty Program; US National Science Foundation [DMS-0712827] FX The research was supported by the Air Force Visiting Summer Faculty Program and by the US National Science Foundation under Grant DMS-0712827. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-6172 J9 EURASIP J ADV SIG PR JI EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. PY 2009 AR 379402 DI 10.1155/2009/379402 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 538YI UT WOS:000273219900001 ER PT J AU Husain, SI Yuan, JH Zhang, J Martin, RK AF Husain, Syed Imtiaz Yuan, Jinhong Zhang, Jian Martin, R. K. TI Time Domain Equalizer Design Using Bit Error Rate Minimization for UWB Systems SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE MULTITONE TRANSCEIVERS; LIKELIHOOD SEQUENCE ESTIMATION; MULTICARRIER SYSTEMS; ALGORITHM; CHANNELS; BLIND AB Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems occupy huge bandwidths with very low power spectral densities. This feature makes the UWB channels highly rich in resolvable multipaths. To exploit the temporal diversity, the receiver is commonly implemented through a Rake. The aim to capture enough signal energy to maintain an acceptable output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) dictates a very complicated Rake structure with a large number of fingers. Channel shortening or time domain equalizer (TEQ) can simplify the Rake receiver design by reducing the number of significant taps in the effective channel. In this paper, we first derive the bit error rate (BER) of a multiuser and multipath UWB system in the presence of a TEQ at the receiver front end. This BER is then written in a form suitable for traditional optimization. We then present a TEQ design which minimizes the BER of the system to perform efficient channel shortening. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with some generic TEQ designs and other Rake structures in UWB channels. It is shown that the proposed algorithm maintains a lower BER along with efficiently shortening the channel. Copyright (C) 2009 Syed Imtiaz Husain et al. C1 [Husain, Syed Imtiaz; Yuan, Jinhong] Univ New S Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Zhang, Jian] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Zhang, Jian] NICTA, Canberra Res Labs, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Martin, R. K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Kettering, OH 45433 USA. RP Husain, SI (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM imtiaz.syed@unsw.edu.au RI Zhang, Jian (Andrew)/B-7702-2011 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-1499 J9 EURASIP J WIREL COMM JI EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. PY 2009 AR 786291 DI 10.1155/2009/786291 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 474AB UT WOS:000268253500001 ER PT J AU Like, E Chakravarthy, VD Ratazzi, P Wu, ZQ AF Like, Eric Chakravarthy, Vasu D. Ratazzi, Paul Wu, Zhiqiang TI Signal Classification in Fading Channels Using Cyclic Spectral Analysis SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL MODULATION; COGNITIVE RADIO AB Cognitive Radio (CR), a hierarchical Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) model, has been considered as a strong candidate for future communication systems improving spectrum efficiency utilizing unused spectrum of opportunity. However, to ensure the effectiveness of dynamic spectrum access, accurate signal classification in fading channels at low signal to noise ratio is essential. In this paper, a hierarchical cyclostationary-based classifier is proposed to reliably identify the signal type of a wide range of unknown signals. The proposed system assumes no a priori knowledge of critical signal statistics such as carrier frequency, carrier phase, or symbol rate. The system is designed with a multistage approach to minimize the number of samples required to make a classification decision while simultaneously ensuring the greatest reliability in the current and previous stages. The system performance is demonstrated in a variety of multipath fading channels, where several multiantenna-based combining schemes are implemented to exploit spatial diversity. Copyright (C) 2009 Eric Like et al. C1 [Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Like, Eric] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chakravarthy, Vasu D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ratazzi, Paul] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Wu, ZQ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM zhiqiang.wu@wright.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute ( DAGSI); National Science Foundation [0708469, 0737297, 0837677]; Wright Center for Sensor System Engineering; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This paper is based upon work supported by the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute ( DAGSI), National Science Foundation under Grants no. 0708469, no. 0737297, no. 0837677, the Wright Center for Sensor System Engineering, and the Air Force Research Laboratory. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-1499 J9 EURASIP J WIREL COMM JI EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. PY 2009 AR 879812 DI 10.1155/2009/879812 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 519CV UT WOS:000271743500001 ER PT J AU Weller, GT AF Weller, Grant T. TI The King of Karelia: Col PJ Woods and the British Intervention in North Russia 1918-1919, A History and Memoir. SO EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Weller, Grant T.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Weller, GT (reprint author), USAF Acad, Suite 6F101,2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Grant.weller@usafa.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0966-8136 J9 EUROPE-ASIA STUD JI Eur.-Asia Stud. PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 725 EP 726 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Economics; Political Science SC Area Studies; Business & Economics; Government & Law GA 445WY UT WOS:000266083400016 ER PT J AU Corke, TC Post, ML Orlov, DM AF Corke, Thomas C. Post, Martiqua L. Orlov, Dmitriy M. TI Single dielectric barrier discharge plasma enhanced aerodynamics: physics, modeling and applications SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Review ID PRESSURE TURBINE-BLADES; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; GLOW-DISCHARGE; SEPARATION CONTROL; SILENT DISCHARGE; ACTUATORS; AIR; NITROGEN; OXYGEN AB The term "plasma actuator" has been a part of the fluid dynamics flow control vernacular for more than a decade. A particular type of plasma actuator that has gained wide use is based on a single dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) mechanism that has desirable features for use in air at atmospheric pressures. For these actuators, the mechanism of flow control is through a generated body force vector that couples with the momentum in the external flow. The body force can be derived from first principles and the plasma actuator effect can be easily incorporated into flow solvers so that their placement and operation can be optimized. They have been used in a wide range of applications that include bluff body wake control; lift augmentation and separation control on a variety of lifting surfaces ranging from fixed wings with various degrees of sweep, wind turbine rotors and pitching airfoils simulating helicopter rotors; flow separation and tip-casing clearance flow control to reduce losses in turbines, to control flow surge and stall in compressors; and in exciting instabilities in boundary layers at subsonic to supersonic Mach numbers for turbulent transition control. New applications continue to appear through programs in a growing number of US universities and government laboratories, as well as in Germany, France, England, Netherland, Russia, Japan and China. This paper provides an overview of the physics, design and modeling of SDBD plasma actuators. It then presents their use in a number of applications that includes both numerical flow simulations and experiments together. C1 [Corke, Thomas C.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Ctr Flow Phys & Control, Ctr Flow Phys & Control, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Post, Martiqua L.; Orlov, Dmitriy M.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Corke, TC (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Ctr Flow Phys & Control, Ctr Flow Phys & Control, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM tcorke@nd.edu RI Orlov, Dmitriy/D-2406-2016 OI Orlov, Dmitriy/0000-0002-2230-457X NR 114 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 7 U2 66 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JAN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s00348-008-0582-5 PG 26 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 382CT UT WOS:000261583300001 ER PT S AU Shay, TM Baker, JT Sanchez, AD Robin, CA Vergien, CL Zerinque, C Sanchez, AD Gallant, D Lu, CA Pulford, B Bronder, TJ Lucero, A AF Shay, T. M. Baker, J. T. Sanchez, Anthony D. Robin, C. A. Vergien, C. L. Zerinque, C. Sanchez, Anthony D. Gallant, D. Lu, Chunte A. Pulford, Benjamin Bronder, T. J. Lucero, Arthur BE Gapontsev, DV Kliner, DA Dawson, JW Tankala, K TI High power phase locking of a fiber amplifier array SO FIBER LASERS VI: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers VI - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 26-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, IPG Photon Corp DE Laser arrays; optical fibers; optical amplifiers; phase locked lasers ID LASER ARRAY; COHERENT BEAM AB We report high power phase locked fiber amplifier array using the Self-Synchronous Locking of Optical Coherence by Single-detector Electronic-frequency Tagging technique. We report the first experimental results for a five element amplifier array with a total locked power of more than 725-W. We will report on experimental measurements of the phase fluctuations versus time when the control loop is closed. The rms phase error was measured to be lambda/60. Recent results will be reported. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the highest fiber laser power to be coherently combined. C1 [Shay, T. M.; Sanchez, Anthony D.; Robin, C. A.; Vergien, C. L.; Zerinque, C.; Sanchez, Anthony D.; Lu, Chunte A.; Pulford, Benjamin; Bronder, T. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Shay, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7441-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7195 AR 71951M DI 10.1117/12.809416 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSS47 UT WOS:000285708800042 ER PT S AU Ward, BG Spring, JB AF Ward, Benjamin G. Spring, Justin B. BE Gapontsev, DV Kliner, DA Dawson, JW Tankala, K TI Brillouin gain in optical fibers with inhomogeneous acoustic velocity SO FIBER LASERS VI: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers VI - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 26-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, IPG Photon Corp DE Fiber Optics; Fiber Lasers; Stimulated Brillouin Scattering; Power Scaling ID SBS THRESHOLD; SCATTERING; LASER AB The power available from narrow-linewidth single-transverse-mode fiber amplifiers is primarily limited by the onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering. One approach for increasing the SBS threshold that has shown recent promise is to tailor the acoustic velocity within the fiber cross-section to suppress Brillouin gain.(1-3) Relating the SBS threshold to an acousto-optic effective area has yielded a theory(4) which contradicts experimental measurements that indicate the nonlinear optical effective area of the tested SBS suppressing and Higher Order Mode (HOM) fibers is of primary importance in the nonlinear process.(5) In this work, we present a new formalism for determining the Brillouin gain in fibers with inhomogeneous acoustic velocity which may be implemented with a wide variety of computational methods. We find that the Brillouin gain amplitude and spectrum are independent of the acousto-optic effective area and that they reduce to the bulk result(6,) (7) for conventional step-index fibers. Implementing a finite-element method, we find that an SBS-suppressing design employing a negative focal length acoustic lens(1) exhibits a broadened gain spectrum and reduced gain amplitude relative to step-index fibers. The SBS threshold of this fiber is increased by 8.4 dB relative to a standard large mode area fiber, each with an identical 6 meter length. Designs that further flatten the Brillouin gain spectrum have the potential to further increase the SBS threshold leading to higher single-frequency output power from devices incorporating these fibers. C1 [Ward, Benjamin G.; Spring, Justin B.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ward, BG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A167, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM benjamin.ward@usafa.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7441-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7195 AR 71951J DI 10.1117/12.812882 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSS47 UT WOS:000285708800040 ER PT S AU Zeringue, C Dajani, I Lu, CT Vergien, C Robin, C AF Zeringue, Clint Dajani, Iyad Lu, Chunte Vergien, Christopher Robin, Craig BE Gapontsev, DV Kliner, DA Dawson, JW Tankala, K TI Multi-tone approach to SBS mitigation in narrow linewidth high power fiber amplifiers SO FIBER LASERS VI: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers VI - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 26-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, IPG Photon Corp DE fiber amplifiers; nonlinear optics; stimulated Brillouin scattering AB We investigate theoretically multi-tone seeding of high power ytterbium-doped amplifiers using a numerical code that solves a two-point boundary problem. A large wavelength separation among the signals is used leading to efficient transfer of power through laser gain while increasing the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold in the channel of interest. Two-tone and three-tone seeding configurations are considered. For two-tone seeding, it is shown that a combination of narrow linewidth and broadband signals employed in a co-propagating geometry can achieve the same level of SBS suppression as counter-pumping. C1 [Zeringue, Clint; Dajani, Iyad; Lu, Chunte; Vergien, Christopher; Robin, Craig] USAF, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zeringue, C (reprint author), USAF, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7441-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7195 AR 71952I DI 10.1117/12.808054 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSS47 UT WOS:000285708800068 ER PT J AU Jauchem, J Beason, CW Cook, MC AF Jauchem, James Beason, Charles W. Cook, Michael C. TI Acute effects of an alternative electronic-control-device waveform in swine SO FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Forensic; TASER; Electronic control device; Conducted electrical weapon; Electro-muscular disruption; Non-lethal weapon; Acidosis; Myoglobinemia ID TASER X26 DISCHARGES; STUN DEVICE; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; PROCEDURAL SEDATION; BLOOD; PIGS; PROPOFOL; STRESS; AGENTS; 1ST AB In previous studies, repeated 5-s exposures of anesthetized pigs to an electronic control device (TASER International's Advanced TASER (R) X26 device) resulted in acidosis and increases in blood electrolytes. In the current study, experiments were performed to investigate the effects of longer continuous exposures to a different electronic-control-device waveform. After intramuscular injection of tiletamine HCl and zolazepam HCl, anesthesia was maintained with propofol infusion. Ten pigs were exposed to either 30- or 60-s applications of an electronic waveform similar to the TASER-X26 device. Transient increases in potassium, and sodium were consistent with previous reports in the literature dealing with studies of muscle stimulation or exercise. Blood pH was significantly decreased after exposure, but subsequently returned to baseline levels. Lactate was highly elevated and remained somewhat increased even after three hrs. Serum myoglobin was increased after exposure and remained elevated for the 3-h follow-up period. Acidosis would appear to be one of the major concerns with long-duration (e.g., several min) exposures over a short period of time. Even with the extremely low pH immediately after exposure, all animals survived. On the basis of these results, further development of useful continuous-exposure electronic control devices is at least feasible, with the caveat that some medical monitoring of subjects may be required. C1 [Jauchem, James; Beason, Charles W.; Cook, Michael C.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing,8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil FU Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program; U.S. Marine Corps, Quantico, VA FX We thank William Snyder, DVM, Major, Veterinary Corps, U.S. Army, and Specialist Nancy Meadows, U.S. Army, for surgically implanting the jugular venous catheters. We thank Specialist Michael Palmerin, and Sergeant Bennie Mitchell, U.S. Army, for anesthesia maintenance, and David Fines and Melissa Tarango, Advanced Information Engineering Services (A General Dynamics Company), for technical assistance during the experiments. James Parker and John Ashmore, Advanced Information Engineering Services, assisted in operation of the electronic stimulator. This study was funded by the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program, U.S. Marine Corps, Quantico, VA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1547-769X J9 FORENSIC SCI MED PAT JI Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1007/s12024-009-9076-x PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 484GW UT WOS:000269033100002 PM 19330471 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR Seaman, RL Klages, CM AF Jauchem, James R. Seaman, Ronald L. Klages, Curtis M. TI Physiological effects of the TASER (R) C2 conducted energy weapon SO FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; Forensic pathophysiology; TASER; Conducted energy weapon; Electronic control device; Electro-muscular disruption; Muscle contraction; Acidosis ID MUSCLE FORCE PRODUCTION; ELECTRICAL WEAPON; X26 DISCHARGES; BLOOD-FLOW; MINIATURE SWINE; EXERCISE; CONTRACTIONS; VOLUNTARY; STIMULATION; EXPOSURE AB In previous studies, exposure to conducted energy weapons (CEWs) (such as TASER International's Advanced TASER X26 device) resulted in leg muscle contraction, acidosis, increased blood electrolytes, and other biochemical and physiological changes. In the current study, experiments were performed to examine the effects of exposures to TASER International's "C2" CEW, which is specifically marketed to civilian rather than law-enforcement users. Ten pigs (Sus scrofa) were sedated with an intramuscular injection of Telezol (tiletamine HCl and zolazepam HCl) and intubated. General anesthesia was maintained with an IV propofol infusion. Applications of the C2 device for 30 s resulted in extensive muscle contraction and significant increases in heart rate and hematocrit, and in blood levels of pCO(2), lactate, glucose, and potassium, sodium, and calcium ions. Significant decreases were observed in blood oxygen saturation, pO(2), and pH. Qualitatively, many of these changes were consistent with previous reports in the literature dealing with studies of muscle stimulation or exercise. The changes in blood pCO(2), pO(2), electrolytes, lactate, and pH, however, were greater than in a previous study of three repeated 5-s exposures to the X26 CEW commonly used by law-enforcement personnel. On the basis of the results, potential detrimental effects due to use of the "citizen-version" TASER C2 CEW may be more likely than limited intermittent applications of the X26 CEW. C1 [Jauchem, James R.; Klages, Curtis M.] USAF, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Res Lab, AFRL RHDR, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. [Seaman, Ronald L.] Gen Dynam Co, Adv Informat Serv, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Res Lab, AFRL RHDR, 711th Human Performance Wing,8262 Hawks Rd, San Antonio, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil FU Directed Energy Research Programs Department, National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice FX The authors thank Sergeant Jessica D. Carr, Veterinary Corps, US Army. for her veterinary technical assistance; and David A. Fines, John L. Ashmore, and Melissa Tarango, General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, for their technical assistance during the experiments. Responsibilities of the authors are as follows: JRJ conceived the study, designed the implementation of the study, obtained research funding, and supervised the overall conduct of the study. CMK was responsible for veterinary care, animal preparation, and implantation of IV catheters. RLS performed data collection, statistical analyses of the data, and production of graphics. JRJ drafted the manuscript, and all authors contributed substantially to its revision. This work was supported by the Directed Energy Research Programs Department, National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, US Department of Justice. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1547-769X J9 FORENSIC SCI MED PAT JI Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s12024-009-9100-1 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 505AU UT WOS:000270661000005 PM 19598011 ER PT S AU Patel, H Kim, Y McDonald, JT Starman, L AF Patel, Hiren Kim, Yong McDonald, J. Todd Starman, LaVern BE Danek, M Kadlec, J TI INCREASING STABILITY AND DISTINGUISHABILITY OF THE DIGITAL FINGERPRINT IN FPGAS THROUGH INPUT WORD ANALYSIS SO FPL: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC AND APPLICATIONS SE International Conference on Field Programmable and Logic Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2009 CL ASCR, Informat Theory & Automat, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP UTIA, AV, CR HO ASCR, Informat Theory & Automat AB Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become increasingly popular in circuit development due to their rapid development times and low costs. With their increased use, the need to protect their Intellectual Property (IP) becomes more urgent. The digital fingerprint accomplishes this by creating a unique identification (ID) for each FPGA. In this research, we propose methods to dramatically increase the stability and robustness of the digital fingerprint ID by the proper choice of input sequences. We also show that by properly choosing the input word, we can significantly increase the DF resistance to operating temperature changes. C1 [Patel, Hiren] USAF, AF Res Lab, 1940 Allbrook Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, Yong; McDonald, J. Todd; Starman, LaVern] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patel, H (reprint author), USAF, AF Res Lab, 1940 Allbrook Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hiren.patel@us.af.mil; ykim@afit.edu; jmcdonald@afit.edu; lstarman@afit.edu NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1946-1488 BN 978-1-4244-3891-4 J9 I C FIELD PROG LOGIC PY 2009 BP 391 EP + DI 10.1109/FPL.2009.5272253 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOT08 UT WOS:000277506300060 ER PT S AU Porter, R Stone, SJ Kim, YC McDonald, JT Starman, LA AF Porter, Roy Stone, Samuel J. Kim, Yong C. McDonald, J. Todd Starman, LaVern A. BE Danek, M Kadlec, J TI DYNAMIC POLYMORPHIC RECONFIGURATION FOR ANTI-TAMPER CIRCUITS SO FPL: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC AND APPLICATIONS SE International Conference on Field Programmable and Logic Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2009 CL ASCR, Informat Theory & Automat, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP UTIA, AV, CR HO ASCR, Informat Theory & Automat AB The susceptibility of digital systems to tampering is of immense concern to military and commercial organizations. Current defenses against such techniques as reverse engineering and side channel analysis are limited and don't address the underlying vulnerable characteristics of digital circuits. In this paper, we propose a generalized defense methodology named Dynamic Polymorphic Reconfiguration that significantly reduces the probability of successful tampering. We achieve protection through targeted component hiding and the introduction of run-time autonomous defense adaptations. As a result, we establish the feasibility of self-protecting circuits. C1 [Porter, Roy; Stone, Samuel J.; Kim, Yong C.; McDonald, J. Todd; Starman, LaVern A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Porter, R (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM roy.porter.2@us.af.mil; samuel.stone@us.af.mil; ykim@afit.edu; jmcdonal@afit.edu; lstarman@afit.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1946-1488 BN 978-1-4244-3891-4 J9 I C FIELD PROG LOGIC PY 2009 BP 493 EP 497 DI 10.1109/FPL.2009.5272469 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOT08 UT WOS:000277506300080 ER PT S AU Siegenthaler, KE Lawrencet, TJ AF Siegenthaler, Kenneth E. Lawrencet, Timothy J. BE Millis, MG Davis, EW TI Null Findings of Yamishita Electrogravitational Patent SO FRONTIERS OF PROPULSION SCIENCE SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Siegenthaler, Kenneth E.] USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lawrencet, Timothy J.] USAF Acad, Space Syst Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Siegenthaler, KE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-956-4 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2009 VL 227 BP 263 EP 291 PG 29 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU79 UT WOS:000267214100008 ER PT S AU Cambier, JL AF Cambier, Jean-Luc BE Millis, MG Davis, EW TI Inertial Mass from Stochastic Electrodynamics SO FRONTIERS OF PROPULSION SCIENCE SE Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BLACKBODY RADIATION SPECTRUM; ZERO-POINT RADIATION; FINITE TEMPERATURE; VACUUM; FIELD; ACCELERATION; DERIVATION C1 USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, Prop Directorate,Aerophys Branch, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RP Cambier, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, Prop Directorate,Aerophys Branch, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA SN 0079-6050 BN 978-1-56347-956-4 J9 PROG ASTRONAUT AERON PY 2009 VL 227 BP 423 EP 454 PG 32 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJU79 UT WOS:000267214100014 ER PT B AU Yang, C Blasch, E Kadar, I AF Yang, Chun Blasch, Erik Kadar, Ivan GP IEEE TI Geometric Factors in Target Positioning and Tracking SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Ranging & Bearing-Only Sensors; Geometry; LOS; GDOP AB In target positioning and tracking, most sensors provide measurements either as range or bearing or both. The measurements are used to update an a priori estimate either via a linearized least squares method or all extended Kalman filter. In either case, the resulting solution has two components, one is related to the measurement prediction errors and the other is an observation matrix obtained from linearizing the nonlinear measurement equations around the a priori estimate. This paper studies the geometric factors explicitly and relates the observation matrix to the line of sight (LOS) vector for a ranging sensor and the direction perpendicular to the LOS vector of a bearing-only sensor. As a result, the updating of estimation error covariance with range and bearing measurements can be intuitively assessed via the shaping of estimation error ellipse along LOS directions. It provides a valuable means for target positioning and tracking performance modeling and prediction and can thus be used in active management of distributed sensor resources and sensor path planning. C1 [Yang, Chun] Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kadar, Ivan] Interlink Sci Syst Inc, New Hyde Pk, NY 11042 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. EM chunynag@sigtem.com; erik.blasch@wpafb.afb.mil; ikadar@SystemsSciences.com FU [FA8650-05-C-1808]; [FA8650-08-C-1407] FX Research supported in part under Contracts No. FA8650-05-C-1808 and FA8650-08-C-1407, which are gratefully acknowledged. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 85 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560000012 ER PT B AU Oxley, ME Thorsen, SN Schubert, CM AF Oxley, Mark E. Thorsen, Steven N. Schubert, Christine M. GP IEEE TI The ROC Manifold of Fused Independent Classification Systems SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Classification System; Automatic Target Recognition; Label Fusion; ROC Manifold AB A Classification system such as an Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system with N labels (or decisions) will have N(N - 1) possible errors. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) manifold was created to quantify all of these errors. When multiple ATR systems are fused, the assumption of independence is usually made in order to mathematically combine the individual ROC manifolds for each system into one ROC manifold. This paper will investigate label fusion (also called decision fusion) of multiple classification systems that have the same number of output labels. The formula for the resultant ROC manifold of the fused classification systems which incorporates the individual classification systems will be derived. Specifically, given a fusion rule and two classification systems, the ROC manifold for the fused system is produced. We generate a formulas for the Boolean-like AND rule and give the resultant ROC manifold for the fused system. An example is given that demonstrates how this formula is used. C1 [Oxley, Mark E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Thorsen, Steven N.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Schubert, Christine M.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Oxley, ME (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.oxley@afit.edu; steven.thorsen@usafa.edu; cmschubert@vcu.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/MN); Air Force Research laboratory (AFRL/RBSA); National Aerospace and Science Intelligence Center (NASIC) FX We acknowledge the financial support for this research from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/MN); the Air Force Research laboratory (AFRL/RBSA); and the National Aerospace and Science Intelligence Center (NASIC). NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 466 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560000061 ER PT B AU Yang, C Kadar, I Blasch, E AF Yang, Chun Kadar, Ivan Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Performance-Driven Resource Management In Layered Sensac SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Layered Sensing; Performance-Driven; Geometric Approach; Resource Management; Measures of Merit (MOM) ID WAVE-FORM SELECTION; RIDGE-REGRESSION AB Layered sensing provides a hierarchical net-centric architecture for universal situational awareness with global coverage and persistent surveillance. Sensors in the layered hierarchy provide spatial, temporal, spectral, and polarization diversity with different scales and resolutions over different time horizons. Cooperative management of netted sensors is a successful strategy to achieve targeting performance and overall measures of merit (MOM) goals. After a brief introduction to issues in layered sensors, a resource management strategy based on geometry information is described so as to enhance performance in target detection (minimum detectable Doppler) and tracking accuracy (geometric dilution of precision). Preliminary simulation results are presented to illustrate this Geometric Approach to Layered Sensing (GALS) concept. C1 [Yang, Chun] Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. [Kadar, Ivan] Interlink Sci Syst Inc, Lake Success, NY USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. EM chunynag@sigtem.com; ikadar@SystemsSciences.com; erik.blasch@wpafb.afb.mil FU [FA8650-05-C-1808]; [FA8650-08-C-1407] FX Research supported in part under Contracts No. FA8650-05-C-1808 and FA8650-08-C-1407, which are gratefully acknowledged. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 850 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560000110 ER PT B AU Kahler, B Blasch, E AF Kahler, Bart Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Impact of HRR Radar Processing on Moving Target Identification Performance SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE radar; clutter suppression; clutter cancelation; space-time adaptive processing (STAP); Displaced Phase Center Antenna (DPCA); multi-channel signal subspace (MSS); automatic target recognition (ATR); High Range Resolution (HRR); moving target identification AB Airborne radar tracking in moving ground vehicle scenarios is impacted by sensor, target, and environmental dynamics. Moving targets can be assessed with 1-D High Range Resolution (HRR) Radar profiles with sufficient signal-to-noise (SNR) present which contain enough feature information to discern one target from another to help maintain track or to identify, the vehicle. Typical radar clutter suppression algorithms developed for processing moving ground target data not only remove the surrounding clutter but also a portion of the target signature. Enhanced clutter suppression can be achieved using a multi-channel signal subspace (MSS) algorithm which preserves target features. In this paper, we (1) exploit extra information from enhanced clutter suppression for automatic target recognition (ATR), (2) present a gain comparison using displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) and MSS clutter suppressed HRR data; and (3) develop a confusion-matrix identity result for simultaneous tracking and identification (STID). The results show that more channels for MSS increase ID over DCPA, result in a slightly noisier clutter suppressed image, and preserve more target features after clutter cancellation C1 [Kahler, Bart] Gen Dynam Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kahler, B (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 858 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560000111 ER PT B AU Chen, HM Chen, GS Blasch, EP Douville, P Pham, K AF Chen, Huimin Chen, Genshe Blasch, Erik P. Douville, Philip Pham, Khanh GP IEEE TI Information Theoretic Measures for Performance Evaluation and Comparison SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Performance evaluation; information theoretic measure; detection; estimation; filtering ID CLASSIFICATION AB This paper discusses the performance comparison of different algorithms for classification, estimation and filtering problems. Two information theoretic measures, namely, the empirical mutual information and the asymptotic information rate are proposed for simulation based performance evaluation and algorithm comparison. They can be used as a guideline for designing a practical procedure to measure the performance of different algorithms with limited computational resources. Other useful performance measures are reviewed and their relation to the two new measures discussed. Several practical examples are used to provide some insights on the inherent difficulty of algorithm ranking and the advantage of using the information theoretic measures for algorithm comparison. C1 [Chen, Huimin] Univ New Orleans, Dept Elect Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Chen, Genshe] DCM Res Resources, LLC, Germanttown, MD 20874 USA. [Blasch, Erik P.; Douville, Philip] AFRL, RYAA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pham, Khanh] AFRL, RVSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, HM (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Dept Elect Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM hchen2@uno.edu; gchen@dcmresearchresources.com; Erik.Blasch@wpafb.af.mil; Philip.Douville@wpafb.af.mil; Khanh.Pham@kirtland.af.mil FU US Air Force [FA9453-09-C-0175, FA8650-09-M-1552]; Army Research Office [W911NF-08-1-0409]; Louisiana Board of Regents [NSF(2009)-PFUND-162] FX This work was supported in part by the US Air Force under contracts FA9453-09-C-0175 and FA8650-09-M-1552, Army Research Office under contract W911NF-08-1-0409, and Louisiana Board of Regents under contract NSF(2009)-PFUND-162. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and to Dr. Xiaokun Li at DCM Research Resources, LLC, and Dr. V. P. Jilkov at University of New Orleans for stimulating discussions. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 874 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560000113 ER PT B AU Li, DX Chen, GS Blasch, E Pham, K AF Li, Dongxu Chen, Genshe Blasch, Erik Pham, Khanh GP IEEE TI Sensor Attack Avoidance: Linear Quadratic Game Approach SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Tracking; game; linear quadratic; equilibrium AB For reliable and sustainable decision making, it is essential to perform intelligent sensing and data collection at scalable network resources costs. The sensor platforms used in a warfare may be under attacks from adversarial forces, which will largely impact the overall performance of surveillance systems. Thus, it is crucial that each intelligent sensor have the capability of detecting and avoiding possible attacks. In this paper, we study an attack-avoidance problem. under the framework of a LQ game formulation. This is a first attempt to solve such kind of problems. From a practical point of view, the inherent hard constraints have been approximated and replaced by soft constraints with a fixed optimization horizon. For implementation, a receding horizon scheme has been used in junction with the LQ strategies. Overall, the LQ strategies can provide good control guidance laws for the players. C1 [Li, Dongxu] GM R&D, Warren, MI USA. [Chen, Genshe] Res LLC, Res DCM, Germantown, MD USA. [Blasch, Erik] WPAFB, RYAA, AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Pham, Khanh] RVSV, AFRL, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Li, DX (reprint author), GM R&D, Warren, MI USA. EM dongxu.li@gm.com; gchen@dcmresearch-resources.com; Erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil; Khanh.Pham@kirtland.af.mil FU US Air Force [FA9453-09-M-0061, FA9453-09-C-175] FX This work was supported in part by the US Air Force under contracts FA9453-09-M-0061and FA9453-09-C-175. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 1131 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560000146 ER PT B AU Li, XK Chen, GS Blasch, E Patrick, J Yang, C Kadar, I AF Li, Xiaokun Chen, Genshe Blasch, Erik Patrick, Jim Yang, Chun Kadar, Ivan GP IEEE TI A Geometric Feature-aided Game Theoretic Approach to Sensor Management SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Distributed sensors; sensor management; agent based negotiation; game theory ID MULTISENSOR; TRACKING; FUSION AB Given the single-point node failure limitation of centralized sensor management schemes, decentralized sensor management (DSM) techniques are increasingly important for a simultaneous tracking and identification system. DSM options are realizable with the support of modern systems through increased bandwidth, wireless communication, and enhanced power, but require novel strategies to address constraints imposed by a large number of users Since game theory offers competitive models for distributed allocations of surveillance resources and provides mechanisms to handle the uncertainty of a surveillance area, we propose an agent-based negotiable game theoretic sensor management (ANGSm) approach. By incorporating subgame Nash Equilibrium into negotiation, all agent's needs are considered. With the DSM scheme, sensor assignment occurs locally, and with no central node, DSM reduces the risk of whole-system failures. To make the ANGSm approach more efficient and practical, a geometric feature, the range between a target and a sensor, is also incorporated in the bargaining strategy during sensor assignment. Simulation results of the geometric feature-aided game theoretic (GFGT) approach demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. C1 [Li, Xiaokun; Chen, Genshe] DCM Res Resources LLC, Germantown, MD USA. [Blasch, Erik; Patrick, Jim] WPAFB, AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Yang, Chun] Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA USA. [Kadar, Ivan] Interlink Syst Sci Inc, Lake Success, NY USA. RP Li, XK (reprint author), DCM Res Resources LLC, Germantown, MD USA. EM xli@dcmresearchresources.com; gchen@dcmresearchresources.com; Erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil; James.patrick@wpafb.af.mil; Chunyang.sigtem@sbcglobal.net; ikadar@SystemsSciences.com FU US Air Force [FA8650-08-C-1407] FX This research was supported in part by the US Air Force under contract number FA8650-08-C-1407. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 1155 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560001003 ER PT B AU Blasch, E Valin, P Bosse, E Nilsson, M van Laere, J Shahbazian, E AF Blasch, Erik Valin, Pierre Bosse, Eloi Nilsson, Maria van Laere, Joeri Shahbazian, Elisa GP IEEE TI Implication of Culture: User Roles in Information Fusion for Enhanced Situational Understanding SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Fusion; Situational Assessment; Interface Design; Knowledge Representation; User Refinement AB Information Fusion coordinates large-volume data processing machines to address user needs. Users expect a situational picture to extend their ability of sensing events, movements, and activities. Typically, data is collected and processed for object location (e.g. target identification) and movement (e.g. tracking); however, high-level reasoning or situational understanding depends on the spatial, cultural, and political effects. In this paper, we explore opportunities where information fusion can aid in the selection and processing of the data for enhanced tacit knowledge understanding by (1) display fusion for data presentation (e.g. cultural segmentation), (2) interactive fusion to allow the user to inject a priori knowledge (e..g. cultural values), and (3) associated metrics of predictive capabilities (e.g. cultural networks). In a simple scenario for target identification with deception, cultural information impacts on situational understanding is demonstrated using the Technology-Emotion-Culture-Knowledge (TECK) attributes of the Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) model. C1 [Blasch, Erik] USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Valin, Pierre; Bosse, Eloi] Def R & D Canada Valcartier, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [van Laere, Joeri] Univ Skovde, Skovde, Sweden. [Shahbazian, Elisa] OODA Technol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil; pierre.valin@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; eloi.bosse@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; maria.nilsson@is.se; joeri.van.laere@his.se; elisa.shahbazian@ooda.ca NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 1272 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560001018 ER PT B AU Chong, CY Castanon, G Cooprider, N Mori, S Ravichandran, R Macior, R AF Chong, Chee-Yee Castanon, Greg Cooprider, Nathan Mori, Shozo Ravichandran, Ravi Macior, Robert GP IEEE TI Efficient Multiple Hypothesis Tracking by Track Segment Graph SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Multiple hypothesis tracking; track segment graph; long term tracking; feature aided tracking AB Multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) addresses difficult tracking problems by maintaining alternative association hypotheses until enough good data, e.g., features, are collected to select the correct hypotheses. Traditional MHT's cannot track targets over long durations because they frequently generate too many hypotheses to maintain the correct ones with the available processing resources. Track segment graph provides a compact and efficient representation of the key ambiguities in long term tracking. It is used to generate the long term track hypotheses that are evaluated to select the best long term global hypothesis. Simulation examples demonstrate the efficiency and optimality of the approach. C1 [Chong, Chee-Yee; Castanon, Greg; Cooprider, Nathan; Mori, Shozo; Ravichandran, Ravi] BAE Syst, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Macior, Robert] RIEA, Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Chong, CY (reprint author), BAE Syst, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM chee.chong@baesystems.com; greg.castanon@baesystems.com; nathan.cooprider@baesystems.com; shozo.mori@baesystems.com; balasubramaniam.ravichandran@baesystems.com; robert.macior@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Lab [FA8750-08-C-0034] FX Approved for public release. The work reported in this paper was supported by the Air Force Research Lab. under contract FA8750-08-C-0034. However, the information provided does not represent the official position of the AirForce or the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 2177 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560001136 ER PT B AU Weissgerber, K Borghetti, B Lamont, G Mendenhall, M AF Weissgerber, Kurt Borghetti, Brett Lamont, Gary Mendenhall, Michael BE Saur, J Loper, M TI TOWARDS AUTOMATED FEATURE SELECTION IN REAL-TIME STRATEGY GAMES SO GAME-ON-NA 2009: 5TH INTERNATIONAL NORTH AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT GAMES AND SIMULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International North-American-Conference on Intelligent Games and Simulation CY AUG 26-28, 2009 CL Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA SP European Technol Inst, Game Pipe, Eurosis, Ghent Univ, UBISOFT, GAME-PIPE, Modelbenders, GR at M, Larian Studies, Moves Inst, HI-Rez Studios HO Georgia Tech DE Real-time Strategy; Feature Selection; Classification; Clustering; Optimization AB Since the underlying goal of an Artificial Intelligence agent in a real time strategy game (RTS) is to defeat the enemy, the correctness of any state representation can be determined by the agent's ability to quickly and correctly evaluate the likelihood the agent will win using that representation. Feature selection methods are techniques for finding the important parameters in a representation. We present two feature selection methods for representing a state in a RTS and show how they can generate classification models highly predictive of whether the agent will win or lose, long before the game is over. C1 [Weissgerber, Kurt; Borghetti, Brett; Lamont, Gary; Mendenhall, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weissgerber, K (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kurt.weissgerber@afit.edu; brett.borghetti@afit.edu; gary.lamont@afit.edu; michael.mendenhall@afit.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROSIS PI GHENT PA GHENT UNIV, COUPURE LINKS 653, GHENT, B-9000, BELGIUM BN 978-9-07738-149-6 PY 2009 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BPV85 UT WOS:000280112400005 ER PT S AU Yang, SB Zhong, F Yeo, CK Lee, BS Beleng, J AF Yang, Shengbo Zhong, Feng Yeo, Chai Kiat Lee, Bu Sung Beleng, Jeff BE Ulema, M TI Position based Opportunistic Routing for Robust Data Delivery in MANETs SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID NETWORK AB Traditional MANET routing protocols are quite susceptible to link failure as well as vulnerable to malicious node attack. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol called Position based Opportunistic Routing (POR) which takes full advantage of the broadcast nature of wireless channel and opportunistic forwarding. The data packets are transmitted as a way of multicast (which is actually implemented by MAC interception) with multiple forwarders. A forwarder list determined by previous hop according to local position information is inserted into the IP header and the candidates take turn to forward the packet based on a predefined orders. This redundancy and randomness make it quite efficient and robust. In addition, inherited from position based routing, POR's control overhead is almost negligible which justifies its good scalability. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that POR not only achieves outstanding performances in normal situations but also yields excellent resilience in hostile environments. C1 [Yang, Shengbo; Zhong, Feng; Yeo, Chai Kiat; Lee, Bu Sung] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Comp Engn, Ctr Multimedia & Network Technol, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Beleng, Jeff] US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Yang, SB (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Comp Engn, Ctr Multimedia & Network Technol, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM yang0201@ntu.edu.sg; zhon0026@ntu.edu.sg; asckyeo@ntu.edu.sg; ebslee@ntu.edu.sg; Jeff.Boleng@usafa.edu RI Lee, Francis BS/G-9323-2014 OI Lee, Francis BS/0000-0001-7828-7900 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 1325 EP 1330 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579100219 ER PT S AU Li, M Batalama, SN Pados, DA Matyjas, JD AF Li, Ming Batalama, Stella N. Pados, Dimitris A. Matyjas, John D. BE Ulema, M TI New Bounds on the Total-Squared-Correlation of Quaternary Signature Sets and Optimal Designs SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Code-division multiplexing; quaternary alphabet; sequences; Welch bound ID KARYSTINOS-PADOS BOUNDS; DS-CDMA; INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE; WIRELESS SYSTEMS; SUM CAPACITY; SEQUENCES; MATRICES; WELCH AB We derive new bounds on the total squared correlation (TSC) of quaternary (quadriphase) signature/sequence sets for all lengths L and set sizes K. Then, for all K, L, we design minimum-TSC optimal sets that meet the new bounds with equality. Direct numerical comparison with the TSC value of the recently obtained optimal binary sets shows under what K,L realizations gains are materialized by moving from the binary to the quaternary code-division multiplexing alphabet. On the other hand, comparison with the Welch TSC value for real/complex-field sets shows that, arguably, not much is to be gained by raising the alphabet size above four for any K, L. C1 [Li, Ming; Batalama, Stella N.; Pados, Dimitris A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.] Air Force Res Lab, RIGE, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Batalama, SN (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM mingli@eng.buffalo.edu; betalama@eng.buffalo.edu; pados@eng.buffalo.edu; John.Matyjas@rl.af.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 6328 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579102225 ER PT B AU Campbell, JL de Haag, MU AF Campbell, Jacob L. de Haag, Maarten Uijt BE Gleason, S GebreEgziabher, D TI Integrated LADAR, INS, and GNSS Navigation SO GNSS APPLICATIONS AND METHODS SE Artech House GNSS Technology and Applications Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Campbell, Jacob L.] USAF, Res Lab, Reference Syst Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Campbell, Jacob L.; de Haag, Maarten Uijt] Ohio Univ, Avion Engn Ctr, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Campbell, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Reference Syst Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-329-3 J9 ARTECH HSE GNSS TECH PY 2009 BP 191 EP 210 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BKZ27 UT WOS:000269670900008 ER PT B AU Badiru, AB AF Badiru, Adedeji B. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI Hierarchical Dynamic Decision Making SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DELPHI METHOD; TECHNOLOGY; SELECTION; CHOICE; AHP C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Dayton, OH USA. RP Badiru, AB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Dayton, OH USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 13 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000024 ER PT B AU Badiru, AB Aikens, CH AF Badiru, Adedeji B. Aikens, Charles H. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI Optimization Model for Military Budget Allocation and Capital Rationing SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Badiru, Adedeji B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Dayton, OH USA. [Aikens, Charles H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ind & Informat Engn, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Badiru, AB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Dayton, OH USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 22 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000008 ER PT B AU Badiru, AB AF Badiru, Adedeji B. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI Executive Summary: Handbook of Military Industrial Engineering SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Dayton, OH USA. RP Badiru, AB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Dayton, OH USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 11 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000001 ER PT B AU Blue, M Hill, RR AF Blue, Misty Hill, Raymond R. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI Human Factors in Military Systems SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PILOTED AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS; AUTOMATION C1 [Blue, Misty] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Hill, Raymond R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Dayton, OH USA. RP Blue, M (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 16 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000025 ER PT B AU Cochran, JK Lewis, TP AF Cochran, Jeffery K. Lewis, Theodore P. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI Computing Small-Fleet Aircraft Availabilities Including Redundancy and Spares SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cochran, Jeffery K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Dayton, OH USA. [Lewis, Theodore P.] USAF, Mat Command Headquarters, Dayton, OH USA. RP Cochran, JK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Dayton, OH USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 10 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000013 ER PT B AU Deckro, RF Moore, JT Fredley, ML Jackson, JA Artelli, MJ Van Hove, JC AF Deckro, Richard F. Moore, James T. Fredley, Michael L. Jackson, Jack A. Artelli, Michael J. Van Hove, John C. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI Joint and Multinational Campaign Planning: A Project/Program Management Approach SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DECOMPOSITION; PROGRAMS C1 [Deckro, Richard F.; Moore, James T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Dayton, OH USA. [Artelli, Michael J.] Air Combat Command, Directorate Analyses & Lessons Learned, Newport News, VA USA. [Fredley, Michael L.] Natl Reconnaissance Off, Chantilly, VA USA. [Jackson, Jack A.] Inst Def Analyses, Alexandria, VA USA. [Van Hove, John C.] Air Educ & Training Command, Studies & Anal Squadron, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Deckro, RF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Dayton, OH USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 13 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000016 ER PT B AU Hill, RR Pohl, EA AF Hill, Raymond R. Pohl, Edward A. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI An Overview of Meta-Heuristics and Their Use in Military Modeling SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TABU SEARCH APPROACH; GENETIC ALGORITHM; PACKING PROBLEM; SCATTER SEARCH; AIRCRAFT; ASSIGNMENT; OPERATIONS; DESIGN; PATHS; CREW C1 [Hill, Raymond R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Dayton, OH USA. [Pohl, Edward A.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Ind Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Hill, RR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Dayton, OH USA. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 25 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000009 ER PT B AU Hodgson, TJ Spivey, WO Trainor, TE Williams, MK AF Hodgson, Thom J. Spivey, W. Owen Trainor, Tim E. Williams, Michael K. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI The Deployment Analysis Network Tool Extended (DANTE) SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hodgson, Thom J.] N Carolina State Univ, Fitts Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Spivey, W. Owen] Combat Dev Engn Field Off, Ft Eustis, VA USA. [Williams, Michael K.] JDPAC, Transportat Engn Agcy, Scott AFB, IL USA. [Williams, Michael K.] SDDCTEA, Scott AFB, IL USA. [Trainor, Tim E.] US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, New York, NY USA. RP Hodgson, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Fitts Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 15 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000019 ER PT B AU Howe, JA Thoele, BA Pendley, SA Antoline, AF Golden, RD AF Howe, Jeremy A. Thoele, Benjamin A. Pendley, Scotty A. Antoline, Anthony F. Golden, Roger D. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI Beyond Authorized versus Assigned: Aircraft Maintenance Personnel Capacity SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Howe, Jeremy A.; Thoele, Benjamin A.; Pendley, Scotty A.; Antoline, Anthony F.; Golden, Roger D.] USAF, Logist Management Agcy, Maintenance Studies Branch, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Howe, JA (reprint author), USAF, Logist Management Agcy, Maintenance Studies Branch, Montgomery, AL USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 13 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000015 ER PT B AU Moore, JT Barnes, JW Hill, RR AF Moore, James T. Barnes, J. Wesley Hill, Raymond R. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI Modeling the End-to-End Military Transportation Problem SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIN PACKING PROBLEM; TABU SEARCH APPROACH; LOCATION-ROUTING PROBLEM; LOADING PROBLEM; HEURISTIC ALGORITHMS; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; ORTHOGONAL PACKING; CONTAINER; OPTIMIZATION; AIRCRAFT C1 [Moore, James T.; Hill, Raymond R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Dayton, OH USA. [Barnes, J. Wesley] Univ Texas Austin, Grad Program Operat Res & Ind Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Moore, JT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Dayton, OH USA. NR 115 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 74 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000006 ER PT B AU Thomas, MU AF Thomas, Marlin U. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI Inventory Models for Contingency Operations SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH USA. RP Thomas, MU (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 12 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000021 ER PT B AU Thomas, MU Lawley, MA AF Thomas, Marlin U. Lawley, Mark A. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI Reserve Manufacturing Capacity for Augmenting Contingency Logistics Requirements SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Thomas, Marlin U.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH USA. [Lawley, Mark A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Thomas, MU (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 10 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000020 ER PT B AU Thomas, MU AF Thomas, Marlin U. BE Badiru, AB Thomas, MU TI Assessing the Reliability of a Contingency Logistics Network SO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH USA. RP Thomas, MU (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6628-9 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 D2 10.1201/9781420066296 PG 13 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX99 UT WOS:000267387000012 ER PT J AU Gearhart, JM Robinson, PJ Jakubowski, EM AF Gearhart, Jeffery M. Robinson, Peter J. Jakubowski, Edward M. BE Gupta, RC TI Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Chemical Warfare Agents SO HANDBOOK OF TOXICOLOGY OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHARMACODYNAMIC MODEL; EXPOSURE; SOMAN; SARIN C1 [Gearhart, Jeffery M.; Robinson, Peter J.] Air Force Res Lab, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jakubowski, Edward M.] US Army Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSRD ECB RT TN, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Gearhart, JM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Bldg 837,2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 9780-0-80-92273-7 PY 2009 BP 791 EP 798 DI 10.1016/B978-012374484-5.00051-1 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BFT95 UT WOS:000321306800052 ER PT J AU Merrill, E Ruark, C Gearhart, J Robinson, P AF Merrill, Elaine Ruark, Chris Gearhart, Jeff Robinson, Peter BE Gupta, RC TI Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Countermeasures to Nerve Agents SO HANDBOOK OF TOXICOLOGY OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLASMA PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PHARMACODYNAMIC PBPK/PD MODEL; SOMAN-INDUCED SEIZURES; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; BRAIN-DAMAGE; BASIC DRUGS; IN-VIVO; HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE C1 [Merrill, Elaine; Ruark, Chris] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gearhart, Jeff; Robinson, Peter] Air Force Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Merrill, E (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, AFRL RHPB Bldg 837,2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 9780-0-80-92273-7 PY 2009 BP 951 EP 964 DI 10.1016/B978-012374484-5.00062-6 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BFT95 UT WOS:000321306800063 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Shaffer, MK Sell, J Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, B. V. Shaffer, M. K. Sell, J. Knize, R. J. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Transverse pumped Cs vapor laser SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications III CY JAN 26-27, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Alkali lasers; Optically pumped ID DIODE ARRAY AB Scaling of alkali lasers to higher powers requires combining beams of multiple diode laser pump sources. For longitudinal pumping this can be very complicated if more than four beams are to be combined. In this paper we report a first demonstration of a transversely pumped Cs laser with fifteen laser diode arrays. The LDA pump beams were individually collimated with a beam size of about 1 x 4 cm as measured at a 1 m distance from the diodes. All these beams were incident on a cylindrical lens to be focused and coupled through the side slit of a hollow, cylindrical diffuse reflector which contained the Cs vapor cell. We measured the output power and efficiency of the Cs laser for pump powers up to 200 W at different cell temperatures. Although the values of output power and slope efficiency obtained for this laser system were less than those for a longitudinally pumped alkali laser, these recent results can be significantly improved by using a more optimal laser cavity design. The demonstrated operation of Cs laser with transverse pumping opens new possibilities in power scaling of alkali lasers. C1 [Zhdanov, B. V.; Shaffer, M. K.; Sell, J.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7442-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7196 AR 71960F DI 10.1117/12.808264 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BST42 UT WOS:000285742500013 ER PT B AU Wright, R Gemelli, N AF Wright, Robert Gemelli, Nathaniel BA Filipe, J BF Filipe, J BE Fred, A TI STATE AGGREGATION FOR REINFORCEMENT LEARNING USING NEUROEVOLUTION SO ICAART 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGENTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence CY JAN 19-21, 2009 CL Inst Syst & Technol Informat, Control & Commun, Porto, PORTUGAL SP Workflow Manage Coalit, Assoc Adv Artificial Intell, Special Interest Grp Artificial Intell HO Inst Syst & Technol Informat, Control & Commun DE Reinforcement learning; NeuroEvolution; Evolutionary algorithms; State aggregation AB In this paper, we present a new machine learning algorithm, RL-SANE, which uses a combination of neuroevolution (NE) and traditional reinforcement learning (RL) techniques to improve learning performance. RL-SANE is an innovative combination of the neuroevolutionary algorithm NEAT(Stanley, 2004) and the RL algorithm Sarsa(lambda)(Sutton and Barto, 1998). It uses the special ability of NEAT to generate and train customized neural networks that provide a means for reducing the size of the state space through state aggregation. Reducing the size of the state space through aggregation enables Sarsa(lambda) to be applied to much more difficult problems than standard tabular based approaches. Previous similar work in this area, such as in Whiteson and Stone (Whiteson and Stone, 2006) and Stanley and Miikkulainen (Stanley and Miikkulainen, 2001), have shown positive and promising results. This paper gives a brief overview of neuroevolutionary methods, introduces the RL-SANE algorithm, presents a comparative analysis of RL-SANE to other neuroevolutionary algorithms, and concludes with a discussion of enhancements that need to be made to RL-SANE. C1 [Wright, Robert; Gemelli, Nathaniel] AF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wright, R (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Informat Directorate, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM Robert.Wright@rl.af.mil; Nathaniel.Gemelli@rl.af.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-989-8111-66-1 PY 2009 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJS03 UT WOS:000267058000008 ER PT B AU Havrilla, MJ Hyde, MW AF Havrilla, M. J. Hyde, M. W. GP IEEE TI Sensitivity of Dual Waveguide Probe Complex Permittivity and Permeability Measurement to Probe Lift-Off Error SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY ID FREQUENCIES AB The effect of lift-off (i.e., air-gap) error in dual waveguide probe material characterization measurements is presented here. The mitigation of this error using a two-layer dyadic Green's function analysis is also discussed. Experimental results for gap scenarios of an electromagnetic shielding material are presented for validation purposes. C1 [Havrilla, M. J.; Hyde, M. W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havrilla, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.havrilla@afit.edu; milo.hyde@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 192 EP 195 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600048 ER PT B AU Lo Monte, L Erricolo, D Ansari, R Soldovieri, F Wicks, MC AF Lo Monte, Lorenzo Erricolo, Danilo Ansari, Rashid Soldovieri, Francesco Wicks, Michael C. GP IEEE TI Underground Imaging using RF Tomography: the Effect of Lateral Waves SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY DE RF Tomography; Inverse Scattering; Buried Object Detection; Underground Imaging ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; PLANAR AIR-SOIL; BORN APPROXIMATION; INVERSE SCATTERING; INTERFACE; ALGORITHM; OBJECTS AB Radio Frequency (RF) tomography is a novel strategy for underground imaging over relatively wide and deep surveillance areas. RF tomography requires a set of low-cost transmitters and receivers deployed randomly on the surface of the ground, or slightly buried. Using the principles of inverse scattering, it is possible to image below ground high contrast dielectric or conducting anomalies, thus revealing buried objects and hidden targets. In RF Tomography, when antennas are buried, or targets are in shallow regions, waves are propagating in proximity of the air-earth interface; therefore, it is necessary to account the Green's function of the half-space and the interference effect of lateral waves. In this paper we introduce an improved inversion scheme that is robust with respect to noise and attenuation due to lossy soils. The effectiveness of this inversion strategy is shown by presenting images reconstructed via synthetic data. C1 [Lo Monte, Lorenzo] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, 5100 Springfield Pike,Ste 504, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Lo Monte, Lorenzo; Erricolo, Danilo; Ansari, Rashid] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Soldovieri, Francesco] CNR, Ist Rilevamento Elettromagnet Ambiente, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Wicks, Michael C.] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Lo Monte, L (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, 5100 Springfield Pike,Ste 504, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM lorenzo.lomonte@gdit.com; erricolo@ece.uic.edu; ansari@ece.uic.edu; soldovieri.f@irea.cnr.it; michael.wicks@rl.af.mil OI Erricolo, Danilo/0000-0001-6352-9567; SOLDOVIERI, FRANCESCO/0000-0002-0377-3127 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F33601-02-F-A581] FX This work was partially supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, under contract #F33601-02-F-A581. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 873 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600223 ER PT B AU Capraro, GT Bradaric, I Wicks, MC AF Capraro, G. T. Bradaric, I. Wicks, M. C. GP IEEE TI Waveform Diversity in Distributed Radar SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY AB The desire to anticipate actions before they occur is a goal within the military. Cognitive sensor and communications systems along with distributed radar systems are key enablers to meet this need. Close in sensing examples are provided showing the value of waveform diversity in distributed radar. The use of waveform diversity presents a challenge to the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) community. C1 [Capraro, G. T.; Bradaric, I.] Capraro Technl Inc, 2118 Beechgrove Pl, Utica, NY 13501 USA. [Wicks, M. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Capraro, GT (reprint author), Capraro Technl Inc, 2118 Beechgrove Pl, Utica, NY 13501 USA. EM gtc@caprarotechnlogies.com; ibradaric@caprarotechnlogies.com; michael.wicks@rl.af.mil FU USAF [FA8750-07-C-0015] FX This work was partially supported under USAF contract FA8750-07-C-0015. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 956 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600244 ER PT B AU Wicks, MC Zhang, YH Schneible, R AF Wicks, Michael C. Zhang, Yuhong Schneible, Richard GP IEEE TI Detection of Spatially Extended Objects in Clutter SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY AB Range-spread Doppler-spread signals in interference are readily discernable via the application of classical algorithms and architectures presented by Van Trees HI, and more recently by Kay [2] and others. However, when these returns emanate from stationary objects, the Generalized Inner Product (GIP) offers a unique tool for detection and discrimination processing. This paper offers insight into how the GIP may be applied to optimize the detection of spatially extended fixed objects in clutter. C1 [Wicks, Michael C.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Zhang, Yuhong; Schneible, Richard] Stiefvater Consultants, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Wicks, MC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 970 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600249 ER PT B AU Long, LCDS Seering, W Rebentisch, E AF Long, Lt Col David S. Seering, Warren Rebentisch, Eric BE Bergendahl, MN Grimheden, M Leifer, L Skogstad, P Lindemann, U TI FINDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMMONALITY IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS SO ICED 09 - THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN, VOL 4: PRODUCT AND SYSTEMS DESIGN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Engineering Design CY AUG 24-27, 2009 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Stanford Univ, Ctr Design Res, Design Soc HO Stanford Univ DE commonality; functional decomposition; system architecture; taxonomy; lean AB Many complex systems with similar functionalities are independently developed, entered into service, and must be supported throughout their lifecycles. Costs to support and maintain the systems could be decreased by employing strategies that increase commonality in the systems. We present a process for identifying opportunities and evaluating subsystems for increasing commonality in complex systems. Stakeholders can use our process to improve system management and decrease support costs of systems. C1 [Long, Lt Col David S.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Long, LCDS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.long@afit.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESIGN SOC PI GLASGOW PA UNIV STRATHCLYDE, DMEM, 75 MONTROSE ST, GLASGOW, GI 1XJ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904670-08-7 PY 2009 BP 83 EP 94 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BZS29 UT WOS:000302735800008 ER PT S AU Toglia, C Kettler, D Kennedy, F Dubowsky, S AF Toglia, Chiara Kettler, Daniel Kennedy, Fred Dubowsky, Steven GP IEEE TI A Study of Cooperative Control of Self-Assembling Robots in Space with Experimental Validation SO ICRA: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY MAY 12-17, 2009 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE AB Modular self-assembling on-orbit robotic and satellite systems can be more reliable, have lower launch costs, and be more easily repaired and refueled. However, when individual modules assemble, many challenges and opportunities make the control of the assembled system complex. These issues include changes in inertial properties, and redundancy of actuators and sensors. Optimal control methods may be used to coordinate the control of the modules after assembly, insure good performance, and best utilize the combined resources of the assembly of modules. Simulation and experimental results compare this Cooperative algorithm's performance to that of an approach in which the control of the individual modules is not coordinated. Cooperative optimal control methods prove well-suited for controlling redundant, modular space systems. C1 [Toglia, Chiara] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Kettler, Daniel] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kennedy, Fred] US Air Force, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Dubowsky, Steven] MIT, Dept Engn Mech, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Toglia, C (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. EM chiara.toglia@uniroma1.it; kettler@mit.edu; dubowsky@mit.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-2788-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2009 BP 3847 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BOB06 UT WOS:000276080402002 ER PT S AU Han, J Uchic, MD Saif, T AF Han, J. Uchic, M. D. Saif, T. GP IEEE TI NOVEL MEMS APPARATUS FOR IN SITU THERMO-MECHANICAL TENSILE TESTING OF MATERIALS AT THE MICRO- AND NANO-SCALE SO IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS 2009) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 25-29, 2009 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB We present, for the first time, a MEMS-based test methodology that potentially enables elevated-temperature mechanical tensile testing of nano-and micro-scale samples within a SEM or TEM (T > 500 degrees C). Importantly, the test methodology allows for the samples to be fabricated separately from the MEMS-apparatus, a significant advancement from other test devices developed by some of the present authors [1]. Therefore the test methodology should be applicable to the study of a wide range of materials. Other advancements found in the methodology include a co-fabricated force calibration device, and a built-in thermocouple sensor to measure the stage temperature close to the sample. C1 [Han, J.; Saif, T.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Uchic, M. D.] Wright Patterson AFB, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. FU US Air Force [USAF- 52 12- STI- SC- 0004, USAF- 52 15- FT1SC- 0032]; National Science Foundation; DMR [0237400]; ECS [0304243] FX The work was supported by the US Air Force grants USAF- 52 12- STI- SC- 0004, USAF- 52 15- FT1SC- 0032, and the National Science Foundation grants DMR 0237400, ECS 0304243. The tensile testing stage was fabricated at the Micro- Miniature Systems Lab and Micro- Nano Technology Laboratory of University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-2978-3 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2009 BP 80 EP 83 DI 10.1109/MEMSYS.2009.4805324 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BB1WX UT WOS:000341431500021 ER PT J AU Nilsson, J Ramachandran, S Shay, TM Shirakawa, A AF Nilsson, Johan Ramachandran, Siddharth Shay, Thomas M. Shirakawa, Akira TI Introduction to the Issue on High-Power Fiber Lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nilsson, Johan] Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Ramachandran, Siddharth] OFS Labs, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. [Shay, Thomas M.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Solid State Lasers Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Shirakawa, Akira] Univ Electrocommun, Inst Laser Sci, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. RP Nilsson, J (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM jn@orc.soton.ac.uk; sidr@ieee.org; thomas.shay@kirtland.af.mil; akira@ils.uec.ac.jp NR 0 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2014406 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 406SL UT WOS:000263315100001 ER PT B AU Holloway, EM Lamont, GB Peterson, GL AF Holloway, Eric M. Lamont, Gary B. Peterson, Gilbert L. GP IEEE TI Network Security Using Self Organized Multi Agent Swarms SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN CYBER SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Cyber Security CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP IEEE DE computer network security; cyberspace; agent swarms; self-organization AB Computer network Cyber-security is a very serious concern in many commercial, industrial, and military environments. This paper proposes a new computer network security approach defined by self organized agent swarms (SOMAS) which provides a novel computer network security management framework based upon desired overall system behaviors. The SOMAS structure evolves based upon the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) formal model and the more complex Interactive-POMDP and Decentralized-POMDP models. Example swarm specific and network based behaviors are formalized and simulated. This paper illustrates through various statistical testing techniques, the significance of this proposed SOMAS architecture. C1 [Holloway, Eric M.; Lamont, Gary B.; Peterson, Gilbert L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB,Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Holloway, EM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB,Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.holloway@afit.edu; gary.lamont@afit.edu; gilbert.peterson@afit.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2769-7 PY 2009 BP 144 EP 151 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BME56 UT WOS:000272027200021 ER PT J AU Yang, C Blasch, E AF Yang, Chun Blasch, Erik TI Kalman Filtering with Nonlinear State Constraints SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID EQUALITY CONSTRAINTS; SYSTEMS AB An analytic method was developed by D. Simon and T. L. Chia to incorporate linear state equality constraints into the Kalman filter. When the state constraint was nonlinear, linearization was employed to obtain an approximately linear constraint around the current state estimate. This linearized constrained Kalman filter is subject to approximation errors and may suffer from a lack of convergence. We present a method that allows exact use of second-order nonlinear state constraints. It is based on a computational algorithm that iteratively rinds the Lagrangian multiplier for the nonlinear constraints. Computer simulation results are presented to illustrate the algorithm. C1 [Yang, Chun] Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. [Blasch, Erik] USAF, Res Lab, RYAA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Sigtem Technol Inc, 1343 Parrott Dr, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. EM chunyang@sigtem.com FU [FA8650-04-M-1624]; [FA8650-05-C-1808] FX This research was supported in part under Contracts FA8650-04-M-1624 and FA8650-05-C-1808. NR 14 TC 70 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 70 EP 84 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 435XH UT WOS:000265376100007 ER PT J AU Sofka, J Nikulin, VV Skormin, VA Hughes, DH Legare, DJ AF Sofka, Josef Nikulin, Vladimir V. Skormin, Victor A. Hughes, David H. Legare, David J. TI Laser Communication Between Mobile Platforms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID OMNI-WRIST III; NEW-GENERATION; DEVICES AB Practical laser communication is impeded by the inherent strict requirements on agile and accurate steering of the laser beam over a wide angular range that are addressed by the pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) system. While the vehicle carrying the optical instrumentation is in motion, a PAT system is required to compensate for the vibrations applied to the optical platform through the proper application of advanced control laws. This paper presents a feedforward vibration rejection system interacting with an optical tracking system to successfully perform the PAT task. It features a set of inertial navigation sensors to monitor the optical platform orientation, and the optical tracker monitoring the optical alignment errors. The control effort is defined on the basis of both signals and upon amplification drives the actuators of a novel singularity-free full-hemisphere-range robotic manipulator supporting the optical platform. The resultant technology enables two ground vehicles navigating through a difficult terrain to maintain optical connectivity sufficient for reliable laser communication. The paper presents the development of an extended Kalman filter "fusing" the inertial navigation sensor data, the design and implementation of the disturbance rejection/optical tracking control system, and the results of the experimental evaluation of the overall system performance. C1 [Sofka, Josef; Nikulin, Vladimir V.; Skormin, Victor A.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13904 USA. [Hughes, David H.; Legare, David J.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Sofka, J (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 118 Moeller St, Binghamton, NY 13904 USA. EM jozefsofka@hotmail.com NR 15 TC 8 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 336 EP 346 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 435XH UT WOS:000265376100026 ER PT J AU Kirawartich, P Yakura, SJ Islam, NE AF Kirawartich, Phumin Yakura, Susumu J. Islam, Naz E. TI Study of High-Power Wideband Terahertz-Pulse Generation Using Integrated High-Speed Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method; high-power photoconductive antenna; terahertz (THz)-pulse generation ID TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; ANTENNAS; EMISSION AB A 3-D finite-difference time-domain analysis of a photoconductive-semiconductor-switch-based terahertz (THz) source, integrated with a standard dipole and a large-aperture radiator, is presented. The simulation analysis is based on the coupling of semiconductor equations for charge transport with Maxwell electromagnetic equations. The simulation provides the transient field redistribution, carrier generation characteristics, and the field acceleration as a result of the bias voltage on the device, contributing to the nonlinear behavior of THz-pulse generation. A comparison of the radiation characteristics of the two antenna types shows that the large-aperture antenna produces approximately three times higher radiation amplitude and broader power spectrum than those produced by the dipole antenna. C1 [Kirawartich, Phumin; Islam, Naz E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Yakura, Susumu J.] USAF, Res Lab, Modeling & Effects Branch, High Power Microwave Div, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kirawartich, P (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM kirawanichp@missouri.edu; susumu.yakura@kirtland.af.mil; islamn@missouri.edu NR 17 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1109/TPS.2008.2006978 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 392UJ UT WOS:000262327400032 ER PT J AU Tong, XY Wang, XO Hopkinson, KM AF Tong, Xiaoyang Wang, Xiaoru Hopkinson, Kenneth M. TI The Modeling and Verification of Peer-to-Peer Negotiating Multiagent Colored Petri Nets for Wide-Area Backup Protection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE Colored petri nets (PNs); modeling; multiagent; peer-to-peer negotiating agents; wide-area backup protection ID ELECTRIC-POWER SYSTEMS; SOFTWARE AB This paper focuses on the modeling and verification of a peer-to-peer wide-area backup protection (WABP) system. Agents located in a number of substation Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) negotiate on a peer, or equal, basis. The agent-based wide-area backup protection scheme is able to find power-line faults and protection misoperations. A wide-area communication network based on IP technology is used to transmit shared information among the agents. A novel Agent-Oriented Peer-to-peer negotiating Colored Petri Net (AOPCPN) is proposed to implement the WABP system. The algorithms, design, and dynamic behavior of the WABP is evaluated in a simulated environment to demonstrate its benefits. The article begins by presenting the generic AOPCPN architecture and its formal definition. The AOPCPN model for the WABP multiagent system is evaluated according to one algorithm, which is detailed in this article. The WABP agent's autonomy, cooperation, parallel operation, and robustness are embodied in modules in order to ease the software engineering challenges in implementing and maintaining the agents. Three example scenarios illustrate the effectiveness of the Petri net model and its ability to dynamically respond to WABP misoperations; and fault conditions. C1 [Tong, Xiaoyang; Wang, Xiaoru] SW Jiaotong Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Hopkinson, Kenneth M.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tong, XY (reprint author), SW Jiaotong Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM xytong@swjtu.cn; xrwang@swjtu.cn; kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu RI Tavares, Antonio/A-7115-2008 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [90610026] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Project 90610026. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2008.2005661 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 391UX UT WOS:000262260800008 ER PT S AU Kovalerchuk, B Perlovsky, L AF Kovalerchuk, Boris Perlovsky, Leonid GP IEEE TI Fusion and Mining Spatial Data in Cyber-Physical Space with Dynamic Logic of Phenomena SO IJCNN: 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1- 6 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 14-19, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc ID METHODOLOGY AB Modeling of complex phenomena such as the mind presents tremendous computational complexity challenges. The Neural Modeling Fields (NMF) theory and Dynamic Logic of Phenomena (DLP) address these challenges in a non-traditional way. The main idea behind their success is matching the levels of uncertainty of the problem/model and the levels of uncertainty of the evaluation criterion used to identify the model. When a model becomes more certain then the evaluation criterion is also adjusted dynamically to match the adjusted model. This process mimics processes of the mind and natural evolution at the neural level. This paper describes the generalization of DLP for data fusion and mining of heterogeneous spatial objects in cyber-physical space. C1 [Kovalerchuk, Boris] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] Harvard Univ, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Kovalerchuk, B (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. EM borisk@cwu.edu; leonid@seas.harvard.edu FU US National Research Council; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the US National Research Council and the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-3549-4 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2009 BP 2440 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQB78 UT WOS:000280591601097 ER PT S AU Sutton, DP Carlisle, MC Sarmiento, TA Baird, LC AF Sutton, Douglas P. Carlisle, Martin C. Sarmiento, Traci A. Baird, Leemon C., III GP IEEE TI Partitioned Neural Networks SO IJCNN: 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1- 6 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 14-19, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc AB A new method is given for speeding up learning in a deep neural network with many hidden layers, by partially partitioning the network rather than fully interconnecting the layers. Empirical results are shown both for learning a simple Boolean function on a standard backprop network, and for learning two different, complex, real-world vision tasks on a more sophisticated convolutional network. In all cases, the performance of the proposed system was better than traditional systems. The partially-partitioned network outperformed both the fully-partitioned and fully-unpartitioned networks. C1 [Sutton, Douglas P.; Carlisle, Martin C.; Sarmiento, Traci A.; Baird, Leemon C., III] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Sutton, DP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1098-7576 BN 978-1-4244-3549-4 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2009 BP 2870 EP 2875 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQB78 UT WOS:000280591601162 ER PT B AU McCall, JF Branam, RD AF McCall, Jonathan F. Branam, Richard D. GP ASME TI EFFECT OF RADIAL CURVATURE IN ROCKETS ON FILM COOLING ADIABATIC EFFECTIVENESS AND JET WIDTH SO IMECE 2008: HEAT TRANSFER, FLUID FLOWS, AND THERMAL SYSTEMS, VOL 10, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID GAS AB A computational study was performed to determine the effects of radial curvature on film cooling adiabatic effectiveness. This curvature is typically encountered in modern rocket combustion sections. Jet width and spanwise-averaged adiabatic effectiveness are observed to slightly decrease as radius of curvature decreases. This decrease impacts hole spacing requirements for adequate thermal management inside rocket combustors. Compound injection aggravates the effect so that the increased adiabatic efficiency usually associated is diminished due to a cradling effect of the radial curvature. The result is an increase in adiabatic efficiency immediately downstream of the hole and a decrease after 2 hole diameters, when compared to the flat plate. Furthermore, increasing the momentum ratio past I diminishes the effect of radial curvature on adiabatic effectiveness. Quantified understanding of radial curvature effects allow one to use flat plate effectiveness correlations for sizing of film cooling systems in internal flow situations, like rocket combustion chambers. This research is funded and supported by AFRL Propulsion Directorate. C1 [McCall, Jonathan F.; Branam, Richard D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McCall, JF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jmccall@afit.edu; rbranam@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4871-5 PY 2009 BP 539 EP 547 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJE16 UT WOS:000265085300065 ER PT B AU Rutledge, JL King, PI Rivir, R AF Rutledge, James L. King, Paul I. Rivir, Richard GP ASME TI CFD PREDICTIONS OF PULSED FILM COOLING HEAT FLUX ON A TURBINE BLADE LEADING EDGE SO IMECE 2008: HEAT TRANSFER, FLUID FLOWS, AND THERMAL SYSTEMS, VOL 10, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID JET AB Unsteadiness in film cooling jets may arise due to inherent unsteadiness of the blade-vane interaction or may be induced as a means of flow control. A computational study, was conducted to determine how leading edge film cooling performance is affected by pulsing the coolant flow. A cylindrical leading edge with a flat afterbody is used to simulate the turbine blade, leading edge region. A sin-le coolant hole was located 21.5 degrees from the leading edge, angled 20 degrees to the surface and 90 degrees from the streamwise direction. The leading edge diameter to hole diameter ratio is D/d = 18.7. Time resolved adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient are used to calculate the temporally averaged. spatially resolved net heat flux reduction for several pulsing scenarios. The net heat flux reduction with pulsed film cooling is compared to the steady jet with matched average mass flow rate. Steady blowing ratios of M = 0.25 and 0.50 are each compared with two pulsed jet cases with matching averaging blowing ratio, (M) over bar, at a nondimensional frequency, F = 0.151 and ditty cycle, DC = 50%. Simulations were performed at Re(D) = 60000. Net heat flux is generally increased by pulsing the film coolant, with greater degradation for hi higher pulsation amplitudes relative to the average blowing ratio. C1 [Rutledge, James L.; King, Paul I.; Rivir, Richard] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rutledge, JL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4871-5 PY 2009 BP 1139 EP 1149 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJE16 UT WOS:000265085300137 ER PT B AU Breitzman, TD Cook, BM Schoeppner, GA Iarve, EV AF Breitzman, T. D. Cook, B. M. Schoeppner, G. A. Iarve, E. V. GP ASME TI Optimal Design of a Composite Scarf Repair Under Uni-axial Tension Loading SO IMECE2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Benchmark un-notched strength testing was used to characterize material properties for 1M6/3501-6 composite material and to establish parameters for critical failure volume (CFV) (see [9]) analysis tools. Critical failure volume was used to predict the strength of scarfed composites, as well as composites having a scarf repair patch. Baseline repairs were created both without and with over-plies. Simplex optimization was performed on the analytical models to determine the repair stacking sequence that would result in the largest tensile strength for the repairs. The repair was optimized in the linear elastic regime, but strength predictions took into account both geometric nonlinearities of the respective materials and the material nonlinearities of the adhesive. Predicted strengths were in good agreement with experimental results, and the resultant optimal designs increased the strength of the repair under uni-axial tensile load by 10-20%. C1 [Breitzman, T. D.; Cook, B. M.; Schoeppner, G. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Breitzman, TD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4865-4 PY 2009 BP 293 EP 295 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BKP42 UT WOS:000268876700039 ER PT B AU Cook, ML AF Cook, Martin L. BE Morgan, MJ TI The Day the World Changed? Reflections on 9/11 and US National Security Strategy SO IMPACT OF 9/11 ON RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY: THE DAY THAT CHANGED EVERYTHING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cook, Martin L.] USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Cook, Martin L.] USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cook, ML (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-10160-9 PY 2009 BP 233 EP 243 D2 10.1057/9780230101609 PG 11 WC Philosophy; Religion SC Philosophy; Religion GA BSI15 UT WOS:000284527100019 ER PT J AU Sclafani, JJ Gottschalk, D Waibel, KH AF Sclafani, Joseph J. Gottschalk, Douglas Waibel, Kirk H. TI Allergic Fungal Sinusitis SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sclafani, Joseph J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Sclafani, JJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 BP 31 EP 32 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 399TB UT WOS:000262821100006 ER PT S AU Sankaranarayanan, V Upadhyaya, S Kwiat, K AF Sankaranarayanan, Vidyaraman Upadhyaya, Shamblu Kwiat, Kevin BE Rao, HR Upadhyaya, S TI Human-Centered Security SO INFORMATION ASSURANCE, SECURITY AND PRIVACY SERVICES SE Handbooks in Information Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The human factor has long been viewed as the weakest link in the security chain. In this chapter, we examine the current manifestations of the weak human factor and present three different views on users. We then discuss the application or design principles from a user centric perspective, taking into account environmental issues and user preferences. In this context, threat modeling and risk analysis/estimation are studied, with principles that are specific to user centric design. We then present some new paradigms that have been proposed recently to incorporate the user in the Security loop in a meaningful manner, and elicit cooperation from noncompliant users. Lastly, we investigate the assessment techniques for a user centric security mechanism and point to some recent developments in simulations for the same. C1 [Sankaranarayanan, Vidyaraman] Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Upadhyaya, Shamblu] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin] AF Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Sankaranarayanan, V (reprint author), Microsoft Corp, 1 Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1574-0145 BN 978-1-84855-194-7 J9 HANDB INFO SYST PY 2009 VL 4 BP 235 EP 258 PG 24 WC Business; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BLN35 UT WOS:000270580300008 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Patterson, M Leedy, K Neidhard, R Varanasi, C Zhang, CH Steinhauer, G AF Subramanyam, Guru Patterson, Mark Leedy, Kevin Neidhard, Robert Varanasi, Chakrapani Zhang, Chenhao Steinhauer, Gregg TI Thickness Dependent Properties of Barium Strontium Titanate Thin-Film Varactors SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics and Functionalities CY SEP 27-30, 2009 CL Colorado Springs, CO ID MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS AB Ba(0.6)Sr(0.4)TiO(3) (BST) thin-films with large dielectric tunability as high as 5.8:1 were obtained using a large area pulsed laser deposition process, with low loss-tangents below 0.01 at zero-bias and 10 GHz. This paper summarizes experimental results obtained on large area processed BST thin film varactors. Varactors with 0.6 mu m thick BST films exhibited large dielectric tunability, the relative dielectric permittivity at zero bias of 1280 tuned to 220 at 20 V, at an electric field of 333 kV/cm. The leakage current through the BST film was below 1 nA up to 10 V dc bias. The Quality factor (Q) exceeded 500 at relatively low 10 V dc bias for both 0.6 and 1 mu m thick BST varactors. C1 [Subramanyam, Guru; Patterson, Mark; Zhang, Chenhao] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Leedy, Kevin; Neidhard, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varanasi, Chakrapani] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Steinhauer, Gregg] Analog Bridge Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45434 USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Guru.Subramanyam@notes.udayton.edu RI Leedy, Kevin/E-9968-2010 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2009 VL 112 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1080/10584587.2009.484687 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 618ZP UT WOS:000279395900007 ER PT J AU Lu, YL Reinhardt, K Brown, GJ AF Lu, Yalin Reinhardt, Kitt Brown, Gail J. TI Nonlinear Refraction and Nonlinear Scattering in Highly Oriented Lead Magnesium Niobate-Lead Titanate Multilayers SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS AB Optical limiting in highly oriented lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate rhombohedral and tetragonal multilayers has been investigated using nanosecond laser pulses at 1.064 mu m wavelength. Limiting threshold for the two such multilayers having a period of 20 and 218 nm was determined at the level similar to 220 mu J/pulse. Nonlinear optical scattering from domain walls was used to explain the observed limiting behavior. Possible formation of nonlinear refraction grating under a strong light field superposing to the periodic multilayer structure was also discussed. C1 [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, LORC, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] AFOSR NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Brown, Gail J.] AFRL RXPSO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, LORC, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2009 VL 110 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1080/10584580903435588 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 535KQ UT WOS:000272967500013 ER PT J AU Lu, YL Brown, GJ Reinhardt, K AF Lu, Yalin Brown, Gail J. Reinhardt, Kitt TI Negative Refraction Oxide Superlattices SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article AB A possible physical mechanism toward realizing negative refraction is theoretically discussed using an oxide-based r superlattice structure. In the superlattice configuration, phonon spectrum coupling among electromagnetic wave, dielectric dipole and magnetic moment vibration is used to realize both negative permeability and negative permittivity in a short frequency range after the resonance. Further material selection has been preliminarily discussed, and the focus will be the realization of such superlattice NIMs for optical frequencies. C1 [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, LORC, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Brown, Gail J.] AFRL RXPSO, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] AFOSR NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, LORC, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2009 VL 110 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1080/10584580903435604 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 535KQ UT WOS:000272967500014 ER PT B AU Derdzinski, JL AF Derdzinski, Joseph L. BA Derdzinski, JL BF Derdzinski, JL TI Internal Security Services in Liberalizing States Transitions, Turmoil, and (In)Security Introduction SO INTERNAL SECURITY SERVICES IN LIBERALIZING STATES: TRANSITIONS, TURMOIL, AND (IN)SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Derdzinski, JL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9669-8; 978-0-7546-7504-4 PY 2009 BP 1 EP + PG 29 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BA4WC UT WOS:000336372000001 ER PT B AU Derdzinski, JL AF Derdzinski, Joseph L. BA Derdzinski, JL BF Derdzinski, JL TI Democratization and the Internal Security Services: Principal Approaches and Findings SO INTERNAL SECURITY SERVICES IN LIBERALIZING STATES: TRANSITIONS, TURMOIL, AND (IN)SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Derdzinski, JL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9669-8; 978-0-7546-7504-4 PY 2009 BP 13 EP 43 PG 31 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BA4WC UT WOS:000336372000002 ER PT B AU Derdzinski, JL AF Derdzinski, Joseph L. BA Derdzinski, JL BF Derdzinski, JL TI Commander of the Faithful: Morocco, the King, and the Internal Security Services SO INTERNAL SECURITY SERVICES IN LIBERALIZING STATES: TRANSITIONS, TURMOIL, AND (IN)SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Derdzinski, JL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9669-8; 978-0-7546-7504-4 PY 2009 BP 45 EP 80 PG 36 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BA4WC UT WOS:000336372000003 ER PT B AU Derdzinski, JL AF Derdzinski, Joseph L. BA Derdzinski, JL BF Derdzinski, JL TI Indonesia's Intelligence and Security Services: The White of my Bones? SO INTERNAL SECURITY SERVICES IN LIBERALIZING STATES: TRANSITIONS, TURMOIL, AND (IN)SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Derdzinski, JL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9669-8; 978-0-7546-7504-4 PY 2009 BP 81 EP 121 PG 41 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BA4WC UT WOS:000336372000004 ER PT B AU Derdzinski, JL AF Derdzinski, Joseph L. BA Derdzinski, JL BF Derdzinski, JL TI Reforming the Security Sector: Findings and Recommendations SO INTERNAL SECURITY SERVICES IN LIBERALIZING STATES: TRANSITIONS, TURMOIL, AND (IN)SECURITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Derdzinski, JL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9669-8; 978-0-7546-7504-4 PY 2009 BP 123 EP 146 PG 24 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA BA4WC UT WOS:000336372000005 ER PT B AU Moore, GW White, ED AF Moore, Gary W. White, Edward D., III BE Thai, KV TI Regression Approach for Estimating Procurement Cost SO INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT SE Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Moore, Gary W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Sch Syst & Logist, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [White, Edward D., III] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Moore, GW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Sch Syst & Logist, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-5457-6 J9 PUBLIC ADM PUBLIC PO PY 2009 VL 146 BP 763 EP 778 PG 16 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BJO25 UT WOS:000266890200040 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MJ Cazacu, O Green, ML AF Schmidt, Mailin J. Cazacu, Oana Green, Mark L. TI Experimental and theoretical investigation of the high-pressure behavior of concrete SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE concrete; high confinement; compressibility; viscoplasticity ID DAMAGE; MODEL AB The results of an experimental study aimed at characterizing the behavior of concrete for high confining Pressures (LIP to 500 MPa) are reported. The main characteristics of the response under deviatoric conditions are quasi-linearity in the elastic regime, stress-path dependency, and gradual change from compressibility to dilatanCy under increasing deviatoric stress. By performing the cyclic triaxial cornpression tests with several load-creep-unload and reload cycles, the time influence on the overall behavior was detected. Further, whether the main features of the observed behavior can be described within the framework of elastic/viscoplasticity theory was investigated. For this purpose, Cristescu's (Rock Rheology. Kluwer Academic Publishers: The Netherlands, 1989) approach was used. It was shown that the proposed elastic/viscoplastic model captures the main features of concrete behavior at. high pressures. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Schmidt, Mailin J.; Green, Mark L.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Cazacu, Oana] Univ Florida, REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. RP Schmidt, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM martin.schmidt@egli.af.mil RI Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016 OI Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0363-9061 J9 INT J NUMER ANAL MET JI Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1002/nag.700 PG 23 WC Engineering, Geological; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 392AW UT WOS:000262276300001 ER PT J AU Mailloux, RJ Santarelli, SG Roberts, TM Luu, D AF Mailloux, R. J. Santarelli, S. G. Roberts, T. M. Luu, D. TI Irregular Polyomino-Shaped Subarrays for Space-Based Active Arrays SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY; ANTENNA AB This paper presents new results showing the application of polyomino-based subarrays to limited field of view and wideband, wide-angle scanning. This technology can reduce the number of phase controls in arrays used for limited sector coverage or the number of time delay devices for wideband radar or communications, and so can reduce the cost of space-based active arrays. We concentrate on the wideband application. Results are presented by comparing the gain and peak sidelobe results of irregular polyomino subarray-based arrays with those of rectangular subarrays. It is shown that using irregular polyomino subarrays can result in a major decrease in sidelobes while presenting, in most cases, only a few tenths of a dB gain reduction compared to rectangular subarrays. Copyright (C) 2009 R. J. Mailloux et al. C1 [Mailloux, R. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mailloux, R. J.; Santarelli, S. G.; Roberts, T. M.; Luu, D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Div Electromagnet Technol,Antenna Technol Branch, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Mailloux, RJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM robert.mailloux@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Center for Advanced Sensor and Communications Antennas, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass, USA FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under Dr. A. Nachman, and in part by the Center for Advanced Sensor and Communications Antennas, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass, USA. The work was conducted at the Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, Mass, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-5869 J9 INT J ANTENN PROPAG JI Int. J. Antennas Propag. PY 2009 AR 956524 DI 10.1155/2009/956524 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 689RS UT WOS:000284947000001 ER PT J AU Ahn, JM Mall, S Ahn, JM AF Ahn, Joon-Mo Mall, Shankar Ahn, Joon-Mo TI Frequency Effects on Fatigue Behavior of a Silicon Carbide Fiber-Reinforced Glass-Ceramic Composite (SiC/MAS) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; INTERPHASES; DEPENDENCE; LAMINATE AB The effects of cyclic frequency on the fatigue behavior of silicon carbide (Nicalon) fiber-reinforced glass-ceramic matrix (SiC/magnesium aluminosilicate (MAS)) were investigated. Tension-tension fatigue tests were conducted at two frequencies, 10 and 900 Hz, to establish stress versus cycles to failure (S-N) relationships. Cycles to failure at a given stress level decreased with an increase of the applied frequency. Analysis of damage mechanisms suggests that there was an enhancement of fiber/matrix interfacial bonding at the higher frequency due to the formation of SiO(2) from the reaction of oxygen species of the matrix with SiC of the fiber. C1 [Ahn, Joon-Mo; Mall, Shankar] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ahn, Joon-Mo] Agcy Def Dev, Tech Dev Ctr, Taejon 305600, South Korea. RP Ahn, JM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02251.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 391II UT WOS:000262226600007 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Renshaw, IL Rubin, C AF Fadare, Oluwole Renshaw, Idris L. Rubin, Christopher TI Pleomorphic Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bladder; lymphoepithelioma; lymphoepithelioma-like AB Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the urinary bladder is often mixed with conventional transitional cell carcinoma and/or other histotypes. The pathologist's determination of the morphologic purity of a given LELC at the biopsy stage is a clinically relevant endeavour, because there is some anecdotal evidence suggesting that pure or predominant LELC may be comparatively chemosensitive and have a favorable prognostic profile, which may potentially offer the possibility of effective therapy without bladder resection. The precise degree of cellular pleomorphism that is allowed in a pure LELC is unclear. We describe herein an otherwise conventional and pure LELC that showed, in a localized area that constituted approximately 25% of the overall tumor volume, a two to six fold variation in nuclear size, including multinucleated tumor cells. These pleomorphic areas were set in the same lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate as their conventional counterparts, and similarly displayed cellular syncytia. We performed a detailed immunophenotypic comparison between the conventional areas and the pleomorphic areas. No significant differences were found between the 2 areas in overall lymphoplasmacytic or histiocytic density, lymphocytic CD4/CD8 ratio, and lymphoplasmacytic kappa/lambda ratio. Similarly, both displayed similar qualitative and quantitative staining indices for p53, Ki67, cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and p16(INKa). Scattered cells were cytoplasmically beta-catenin positive exclusively in the pleomorphic areas; however these cells were not notably larger than the cells in the conventional areas. Both components were immunohistochemically negative for HMB-45, CD1a, the estrogen receptor, Epstein-Barr virus, CD117, D240, CD56, cytokeratin 20 and chromogranin. Clinicopathologic analysis of a series of cases is required to establish if there is any significance to nuclear pleomorphism in LELC. However, the phenotypic similarity between the 2 areas in this case, the intimate admixture of the pleomorphic cells with the lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, and their syncytial pattern of growth, all suggest that pure LELC may display marked nuclear pleomorphism, and that this finding may not, in of itself, be a valid basis for removing a case from the "pure" group. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Renshaw, Idris L.; Rubin, Christopher] Vanguard Pathol Associates, Austin, TX USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP PI MADISON PA 40 WHITE OAKS LN, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-2625 J9 INT J CLIN EXP PATHO JI Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 194 EP 199 PG 6 WC Oncology; Pathology SC Oncology; Pathology GA V18RL UT WOS:000208021800011 PM 19079656 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Zheng, WX AF Fadare, Oluwole Zheng, Wenxin TI Insights into Endometrial Serous Carcinogenesis and Progression SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Endometrial serous carcinoma; endometrial glandular dysplasia; endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma; p53; cadherins; claudins; CDKs; MDM2 and HER2/neu (erb-B2) AB Endometrial serous carcinomas (ESC) constitute only approximately 10% of endometrial cancers, but have a substantially higher case-fatality rate than their more common endometrioid counterparts. The precise composite of factors driving endometrial serous carcinogenesis and progression remain largely unknown, but we attempt to review the current state of knowledge in this report. ESC probably do not evolve through a single pathway, and their underlying molecular events probably occur early in their evolution. TP53 gene mutations occur in 22.7 to 96% of cases, and p53 protein overexpression is seen in approximately 76%. By gene expression profiling, p16 is upregulated in ESC significantly above both normal endometrial cells and endometrioid carcinomas, and 92-100% of cases display diffuse expression of the p16 protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Together, these findings suggest dysregulation of both the p16(INKA)/Cyclin D-CDK/pRb-E2F and the ARF-MDM2-p53 cell cycle pathways in ESC. By IHC, HER2/neu is overexpressed (2+ or 3+) in approximately 32.1% of ESC, and approximately 54.5% of cases scored as 2+ or 3+ by IHC display c-erbB2 gene amplification as assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Genetic instability, typically manifested as loss of heterozygosity in multiple chromosomes, is a common feature of ESC, and one study found loss of heterozygosity at 1p32-33 in 63% of cases. A subset of ESC display protein expression patterns that are characteristic of high grade endometrial carcinomas, including loss of the metastasis suppressor CD82 (KAI-1) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation, the latter manifested as E-cadherin downregulation, P-cadherin upregulation, and expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation-related molecules such as zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and focal adhesion kinase. Preliminary data suggests differential patterns of expression in ESC of some isoforms of claudins, proteases, the tumor invasiveness and progression-associated oncofetal protein insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3), as well as a variety of other molecules. At the morphologic level, evidence that indicates that endometrial glandular dysplasia (EmGD) is the most likely morphologically recognizable precursor lesion to ESC is presented. We advocate use of the term endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (EIC, or its other appellations) only as a morphologic descriptor and never as a diagnostic/pathologic statement of biologic potential. Given its potential for extrauterine extension, we consider the lesions described as EIC, when present in isolation, as examples of localized ESC, and patients should be managed as such. Morphologically normal, p53 immunoreactive endometrial cells (the so-called "p53 signatures"), show a statistically significant association with ESC, display p53 mutations in a significant subset, and form the start of a progression model, outlined herein, from p53 signatures to EmGD to localized ESC to the more conventionally invasive neoplasm. The identification of a morphologically-recognizable precursor holds the promise of early detection of ESC, with the attendant reduction in its overall associated mortality rate. Deciphering the molecular basis for endometrial serous carcinogenesis should uncover potential targets for diagnosis, therapy, and/or disease surveillance. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Zheng, Wenxin] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zheng, Wenxin] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Zheng, Wenxin] Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Zheng, Wenxin] Shandong Univ, Coll Med, Jinan, Peoples R China. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com; zhengw@email.arizona.edu FU Women's Cancer Division of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, USA; [P30 CA23074] FX We thank Dr. Xi Zhang for providing TP53 gene sequencing results from laser capture microdissected (LCM) samples. The work is supported in part by P30 CA23074 and grant from Women's Cancer Division of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, USA. NR 173 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU E-CENTURY PUBLISHING CORP PI MADISON PA 40 WHITE OAKS LN, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-2625 J9 INT J CLIN EXP PATHO JI Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 5 BP 411 EP 432 PG 22 WC Oncology; Pathology SC Oncology; Pathology GA V18RO UT WOS:000208022100001 PM 19294001 ER PT J AU Green, MG Jensen, D Seepersad, CC Wood, KL AF Green, Matthew G. Jensen, Dan Seepersad, Carolyn C. Wood, Kristin L. TI Design for Frontier Contexts: Classroom Assessment of a New Design Methodology with Humanitarian Applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE customer needs; latent needs; task clarification; design methods; developing countries; assistive technology AB A new design method for frontier contexts is given a classroom assessment. The method adds the formal consideration of the design context to traditional customer needs assessment. Testing under both controlled and classroom conditions shows the new method is extremely effective, easy to use and well received by students. Implementation at three US schools has shown positive results signifying broad applicability in education as well as field practice. Here we present the essence of the method, results of testing and examples. C1 [Green, Matthew G.] LeTourneau Univ, Longview, TX USA. [Jensen, Dan] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Wood, Kristin L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Green, MG (reprint author), LeTourneau Univ, Longview, TX USA. EM MatthewGreen@letu.edu; dan.jensen@usafa.af.mil; ccseepersad@mail.utexas.edu; wood@mail.utexas.edu FU National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship program; National Science Foundation; Cullen Trust FX The authors would like to recognize the contributions of Julie Linsey's work on systematic methods and tools for innovative and efficient conceptual design, with particular focus on design-by-analogy. The work reported in this document was made possible, in part, by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship program, the University of Texas at Austin College of Engineering, a grant from the National Science Foundation and the Cullen Trust Endowed Professorship in Engineering No. 1. Any opinions, findings or recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2009 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1045 PG 17 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 522BD UT WOS:000271971800020 ER PT J AU Fadare, O AF Fadare, Oluwole TI Recent Developments on the Significance and Pathogenesis of Lymph Node Involvement in Ovarian Serous Tumors of Low Malignant Potential (Borderline Tumors) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER LA English DT Article DE Borderline; Ovary; Serous borderline tumors of low malignant potential; Lymph node ID HYPERPLASTIC MESOTHELIAL CELLS; BENIGN GLANDULAR INCLUSIONS; FOLLOW-UP; STROMAL MICROINVASION; PERITONEAL IMPLANTS; METASTASES; CARCINOMA; CANCER; INVASION; ORIGIN AB It approximately 27% of patients that were surgically staged for ovarian serous borderline tumors (ovarian serous tumors of low malignant potential), regional lymph nodes, most commonly the pelvic and paraaortic groups, display morphologically similar epithelia] clusters. Lymph nodes above the diaphragm may also be involved. Lymph node involvement doe, not adversely impact the overall survival of patients with Ovarian serous borderline tumors, but there is controversy as to whether this finding is associated with a decrease in recurrence-free survival. Nodular aggregates Of epithelium greater than I mm in maximum dimension, as compared with all other patterns of nodal involvement, have been associated with reduced recurrence-free survival. The lymph nodes may also be the site of recurrence and/or progression to carcinoma of an ovarian serous borderline tumor. Recent molecular and morphologic data Suggest that although most nodal implants are indeed metastatic from their synchronous ovarian neoplasms, a small subset arise de novo from nodal endosalpingiosis. The precise mechanistic basis for how these noninvasive neoplasms achieve nodal metastasis is unclear. However, because most patients with nodal metastases also have peritoneal implants, tumors that are ovary-confined and without ovarian surface involvement are rarely associated with nodal involvement, microinvasive borderline tumors frequently display lymphatic vessel involvement yet show a remarkably low frequency Of nodal involvement, in conjunction with the recent finding that node-positive and node-negative tumors display no significant differences in lymphatic vessel density, suggest that the route of spread to lymph nodes in most cases is via the peritoneal and not tumoral lymphatics. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 77 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1048-891X J9 INT J GYNECOL CANCER JI Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181991a49 PG 6 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 457ZB UT WOS:000266976100019 PM 19258950 ER PT J AU Gadhamshetty, V Johnson, DC Nirmalakhandan, N Smith, GB Deng, SG AF Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana Johnson, David C. Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany Smith, Geoff B. Deng, Shuguang TI Dark and acidic conditions for fermentative hydrogen production SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biohydrogen; Fermentation; Hydrogen; Low pH; Unbuffered; Biofuel; Compost ID BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION; WASTE-WATER; PH; OPTIMIZATION; SUBSTRATE AB Bacterial consortium capable of producing hydrogen in low pH (LpH) range of 3.3-4.3 is reported in this study. This operational pH is two full units below that of previously reported hydrogen producing organisms. Low pH inocula were derived from a batch bio-hydrogen reactor inoculated with heat treated compost (similar to 120 degrees C, 2 h), which was allowed to accumulate biogas to reach three atmospheres of equivalent headspace pressure and system pH of 3.0. Acclimation effect had positive influence on H(2) production and LpH inocula were passed sequentially into more than 15 generations to achieve consistent conversion efficiency and hydrogen composition, further tested in 23 other culture cycles. With hydrogen composition in the headspace ranging from 50% to 60%, conversion efficiency of similar to 43% achieved in LpH systems is comparable to that of other buffered systems. Feasibility of hydrogen production in LpH systems is demonstrated in unbuffered reactors under intermittent pressure release conditions and in absence of initial pH adjustment and stirring. Conversion efficiencies, however, decreased by similar to 1-fold for each 3 degrees C drop below the optimum temperature of 22 degrees C. (c) 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana] USAF, Res Lab, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. [Johnson, David C.] New Mexico State Univ, Inst Energy & Environm, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Smith, Geoff B.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Deng, Shuguang] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Gadhamshetty, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. EM vgadhamshetty@fairpoint.net RI Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana/B-5609-2009; Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany/A-3071-2008; Deng, Shuguang/G-5926-2011 OI Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany/0000-0003-2002-909X; Deng, Shuguang/0000-0003-2892-3504 FU Office of Vice President for Research at New Mexico State University; National Science Foundation's CBET Division [0607175] FX This study was funded in part by the Office of Vice President for Research at New Mexico State University and by the National Science Foundation's CBET Division, under Grant No 0607175. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 2 BP 821 EP 826 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.11.040 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 407TD UT WOS:000263386300024 ER PT J AU Akins, RS Nair, M Mark, RJ Anderson, PJ Quick, D AF Akins, R. S. Nair, M. Mark, R. J. Anderson, P. J. Quick, D. TI Bexxar (Tositumomab) Protocol CP98-020: Results with I-131 Labeled Antibody in Patients with Follicular Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Refractory to Chemotherapy and Rituxan (Rituximab): 5 Year Follow-up in 60 Cases SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Radiation-Oncology CY NOV 01-05, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Radiat Oncol C1 [Akins, R. S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Nair, M.; Mark, R. J.; Anderson, P. J.; Quick, D.] Joe Arrington Canc Ctr, Lubbock, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 75 IS 3 BP S479 EP S479 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 503WW UT WOS:000270573601527 ER PT J AU Hoopes, DJ Kaziska, D Weed, D Smith, BD Hale, ER Johnstone, PA AF Hoopes, D. J. Kaziska, D. Weed, D. Smith, B. D. Hale, E. R. Johnstone, P. A. TI Patient Preferences and Physician Practice Patterns Regarding Breast Radiotherapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Radiation-Oncology CY NOV 01-05, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Radiat Oncol C1 [Hoopes, D. J.; Hale, E. R.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kaziska, D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Weed, D.; Johnstone, P. A.] Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Smith, B. D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 75 IS 3 BP S78 EP S78 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 503WW UT WOS:000270573600166 ER PT S AU Javorsek, D Sturrock, P Buncher, J Fischbach, E Gruenwald, T Hoft, A Horan, T Jenkins, J Kerford, J Lee, R Mattes, J Morris, D Mudry, R Newport, J Petrelli, M Silver, M Stewart, C Terry, B Willenberg, H AF Javorsek, D., II Sturrock, P. Buncher, J. Fischbach, E. Gruenwald, T. Hoft, A. Horan, T. Jenkins, J. Kerford, J. Lee, R. Mattes, J. Morris, D. Mudry, R. Newport, J. Petrelli, M. Silver, M. Stewart, C. Terry, B. Willenberg, H. BE Marshak, ML TI Investigation of Periodic Nuclear Decay Data with Spectral Analysis Techniques SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Spectral Analysis; Radioactive Decay ID HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; SPACED DATA; CONSTANTS; SI-32; TI-44 AB We provide the results from a spectral analysis of nuclear decay experiments displaying unexplained periodic fluctuations. The analyzed data was from Mn-56 decay reported by the Children's Nutrition Research Center in Houston, Si-32 decay reported by an experiment performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Ra-226 decay reported by an experiment performed at the Physikalisch-Technische-Bundesanstalt in Germany. All three data sets possess the same primary frequency mode consisting of an annual period. Additionally a spectral comparison of the local ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, Earth-Sun distance, and the plasma speed and latitude of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) was performed. Following analysis of these six possible causal factors, their reciprocals, and their linear combinations, a possible link between nuclear decay rate fluctuations and the linear combination of the HCS latitude and 1/R motivates searching for a possible mechanism with such properties. C1 [Javorsek, D., II] 416th Flight Test Squadron,412th Test Wing, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Sturrock, P.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Fischbach, E.; Gruenwald, T.; Hoft, A.; Horan, T.; Jenkins, J.; Kerford, J.; Mattes, J.; Petrelli, M.; Stewart, C.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hoft, A.; Horan, T.; Jenkins, J.; Kerford, J.; Silver, M.; Stewart, C.] Air Force Resv Off Traning Corps, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lee, R.; Morris, D.; Mudry, R.; Terry, B.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. [Willenberg, H.] Amer Aerospa Adivsors Inc, Rannor, PA 19087 USA. RP Javorsek, D (reprint author), 416th Flight Test Squadron,412th Test Wing, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. OI Javorsek, Daniel/0000-0002-0329-4011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76ER071428] FX The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. The work of E.F. was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-76ER071428. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 292 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200063 ER PT B AU Iyer, N Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Iyer, Nandini Brungart, Douglas S. Simpson, Brian D. GP ISCA-INST SPEECH COMMUN ASSOC TI Perceptual grouping of alternating word pairs: Effect of pitch difference and presentation rate SO INTERSPEECH 2009: 10TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION 2009, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th INTERSPEECH 2009 Conference CY SEP 06-10, 2009 CL Brighton, ENGLAND SP Int Speech Commun Assoc DE streaming; sound segregation; speech perception ID COMPLEX-TONE SEQUENCES; AUDITORY PERCEPTION; TEMPORAL ORDER; SEGREGATION; SPEECH; INTELLIGIBILITY AB When listeners hear sequences of tones that slowly alternate between a low frequency and a slightly higher frequency, they tend to report hearing a single stream of alternating tones. However, when the alternation rate and/or the frequency difference increases, they often report hearing two distinct streams: a slowly pulsing high and low frequency stream. This experiment used repeating sequences of spondees to investigate whether a similar streaming phenomenon might occur for speech stimuli. The F0 difference between every other word was varied from 0 - 18 semitones. Each word was either 100 or 125 ms in duration. The inter-onset intervals (IOIs) of the individual words were varied from 100 - 300 ms. The spondees were selected in such a way that listeners who perceived a single stream of sequential words would report hearing a different set of spondees than ones who perceived two distinct streams grouped by frequency. As expected, F0 differences was a strong cue for sequential segregation. Moreover, the number of 'two' stream judgments were greater at smaller IOIs, suggesting that factors that influence the obligatory streaming of tonal signals are also important in the segregation of speech signals. C1 [Iyer, Nandini; Brungart, Douglas S.; Simpson, Brian D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iyer, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nandini.iyer@wpafb.af.mil; douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil; brian.simpson@wpafb.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISCA-INST SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC PI BAIXAS PA C/O EMMANUELLE FOXONET, 4 RUE DES FAUVETTES, LIEU DIT LOUS TOURILS, BAIXAS, F-66390, FRANCE BN 978-1-61567-692-7 PY 2009 BP 384 EP 387 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOJ53 UT WOS:000276842800094 ER PT B AU Patel, HJ Crouch, JW Kim, YC Kim, TC AF Patel, Hiren J. Crouch, James W. Kim, Yong C. Kim, Tony C. GP IEEE TI CREATING A UNIQUE DIGITAL FINGERPRINT USING EXISTING COMBINATIONAL LOGIC SO ISCAS: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2009) CY MAY 24-27, 2009 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE AB Creating digital circuits of ever decreasing size leads to certain imperfections that cannot be avoided. Although these imperfections are not significant enough to hinder the digital circuit operation, they are random and can be exploited to create a unique digital fingerprint which can be used as a chip identity. Unique digital fingerprints can be created on any number of circuits and in our research we created 60 digital fingerprints, all of which were uniquely identifiable. The digital fingerprint is a function of the amount of combinational logic that forms the circuit and can be applied to any sufficiently large combinational circuit. In this research, we have used a combinational multiplier and we show how a longer combinational path leads to a larger number of captured glitches. In addition, we show the effects of temperature changes on the digital fingerprint. C1 [Patel, Hiren J.; Crouch, James W.; Kim, Yong C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, Tony C.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patel, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM hpatel@afit.edu; james.crouch.5@us.af.mil; ykim@afit.edu; tony.kim@wpatb.af.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3827-3 PY 2009 BP 2693 EP + DI 10.1109/ISCAS.2009.5118357 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNZ33 UT WOS:000275929801360 ER PT B AU Schmitt, DT Kurkowski, SH Mendenhall, MJ AF Schmitt, Daniel T. Kurkowski, Stuart H. Mendenhall, Michael J. BE Zeng, D Khan, L Zhou, L Day, MY Yang, C Thuraisingham, B TI Automated Casing Event Detection in Persistent Video Surveillance SO ISI: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics CY JUN 08-11, 2009 CL Univ Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX SP Univ Arizona HO Univ Texas, Dallas AB An increase volume of surveillance video is being collected, by various organizations, which has led to a need for automated video systems in order to reduce reviewing time. Using persistent video gathered from an aircraft overhead, as is done with unmanned aerial systems in Iraq and Afghanistan, we get a birds-eye view of vehicular activity. From these activities we can use a model to detect suspicious surveillance activity (casing). This paper builds a model to detect casing events and tests it using Global Positioning System (GPS) tracks generated from vehicles driving in an urban area to show the effectiveness of the model. The results show that several vehicles can be monitored at once in real-time. Additionally, the model detects when vehicles are casing buildings and which buildings they are targeting. C1 [Schmitt, Daniel T.; Kurkowski, Stuart H.; Mendenhall, Michael J.] USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmitt, DT (reprint author), USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.schmitt@afit.edu; stuart.kurkowski@afit.edu; michael.mendenhall@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4172-3 PY 2009 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1109/ISI.2009.5137286 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLM60 UT WOS:000270541900025 ER PT B AU Schmitt, DT Kurkowski, SH Mendenhall, MJ AF Schmitt, Daniel T. Kurkowski, Stuart H. Mendenhall, Michael J. BE Zeng, D Khan, L Zhou, L Day, MY Yang, C Thuraisingham, B TI Building Social Networks in Persistent Video Surveillance SO ISI: 2009 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics CY JUN 08-11, 2009 CL Univ Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX SP Univ Arizona HO Univ Texas, Dallas AB Social networks are a beneficial analysis tool in counterterrorism and counterinsurgent activities. The difficulty lies in the amount of time and resources it takes to construct a social network. By exploiting existing 24-hour overhead persistent video, we can build a social network from vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to building interactions. This paper demonstrates building a social network from vehicle tracks based on their interactions in an urban environment From this social network we can see relationships among actors and their locations of interest This information provides additional intelligence about terrorist activities to exploit them. C1 [Schmitt, Daniel T.; Kurkowski, Stuart H.; Mendenhall, Michael J.] USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmitt, DT (reprint author), USAF, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.schmitt@afit.edu; stuart.kurkowski@afit.edu; michael.mendenhall@afit.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4172-3 PY 2009 BP 217 EP 219 DI 10.1109/ISI.2009.5137307 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLM60 UT WOS:000270541900046 ER PT J AU Sabelkin, V Mall, S AF Sabelkin, V. Mall, S. TI Combined Adhesion and Friction Effects on Cylinder-on-Flat Elastic-Plastic Microcontact SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adhesion; cylinder-on-flat microcontact; elastic-plastic deformation; friction; stress-strain state ID RIGID PLANE; CONTACT; PARTICLES; STICKING; SPHERES AB Considerable research efforts have been expended in the studies of various types of microcontact devices. One such case is the microelectromechanical switches (MEMS) involving metal-to-metal microcontacts. These microcontacts involve many geometries including cylinder-on-flat interfaces. Further, these microcontacts operate under the combined effects of adhesion and friction and also under the cyclic loading condition, so the understanding of microcontact stress state as well as the induced adhesion force during a load cycle is needed. This study investigates the microcontact interaction between deformable smooth cylindrical segment and deformable smooth flat surface with and without adhesion force and also with and without friction using a finite element methodology. Surface integration method based on the Lennard-Jones potential is used to compute the adhesion force, which involves traction-repulsion interactions outside the contact area of contacting bodies. Effects of several parameters (power exponents of pressure function, energy of adhesion, equilibrium separation distance, contact profile adjustment, and separation distance between interacting bodies) on the adhesion force are analyzed. Influence of adhesion force on the contact area and the stress state of contacting bodies during loading and unloading along with friction effects are investigated. The adhesion force in cylinder-on-flat microcontact decreases with increasing external applied force and with the elastic-plastic material behavior. Contact areas during increasing and decreasing portions of an applied load cycle are not equal at a given load level. Contact area changes non-linearly even when the applied external force varies linearly. Contact area increases in the presence of adhesion force and with the elastic-plastic material behavior. However, the adhesion force decreases while the contact area increases between elastic-plastic bodies in comparison to those between elastic bodies. The maximum stress state is neither at the contact surface nor at the instant of maximum applied external force. The stress state changes considerably in the presence of friction, but contact area does not. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2009 C1 [Mall, S.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT,ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT,ENY, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu FU U.S. Air Force FX The support of this study from the U.S. Air Force is appreciated. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 6 BP 851 EP 879 DI 10.1163/156856109X411229 PG 29 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 435PZ UT WOS:000265357100006 ER PT J AU Maji, A Mahnke, S Murphey, TW AF Maji, Arup Mahnke, Stephen Murphey, Thomas W. TI Actuation of Neutrally Stable Composite Tape-Springs with Shape Memory Alloy SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB An experimental investigation has been performed to study the use of neutrally stable carbon fiber composite tape-springs as a deployable structure. The tape springs fabricated exhibited the characteristic of neutral stability(1) (can maintain equilibrium in intermediate positions in between the stowed and deployed configuration). Neutral stability eliminates the need for an external mechanism to hold the tape-spring in place and allows actuation of the structure with minimal forces and minimal stored energy. Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wires were attached to the tape-spring and heated to provide the deployment force. The paper will present the design, analysis, fabrication and actuation of composite tape-springs suitable for use in deployable space structures starting with an existing theoretical framework for bistable behavior(1). The experimental program described, covering design, fabrication and actuation enables an evaluation of the discrepancies between theory and experimental observations. C1 [Maji, Arup] Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Murphey, Thomas W.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Maji, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM amaji@unm.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER-COVINA JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 41 IS 1 BP 18 EP 33 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 575TU UT WOS:000276092400003 ER PT J AU Stepaniak, MJ de Haag, MU van Graas, F AF Stepaniak, Michael J. de Haag, Maarten Uijt van Graas, Frank TI Field Programmable Gate Array-Based Attitude Stabilization SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB A system for determining vehicle attitude using a field programmable gate array and low-cost gyroscopes is presented. The method is intended to support the stabilization of a short duration, unmanned aerial vehicle. Using a microelectromechanical system inertial sensor for the calibration and serial interface, the algorithm sidesteps concerns related to electromagnetic interference and the impact of embedded, proprietary filters. An Allan variance analysis is used to characterize the sensor errors and predict system performance. A floating point representation using a direction cosine matrix is hosted on the field programmable gate array alongside the platform stabilization feedback loops. Although prone to drifting without additional aiding, the derived attitude has been demonstrated to be effective in stabilizing a remotely piloted quadrotor. C1 [Stepaniak, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [de Haag, Maarten Uijt; van Graas, Frank] Ohio Univ, Avion Engn Ctr, Stocker Ctr 321B, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Stepaniak, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Stepaniak@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROS COMP INF COM JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 7 BP 451 EP 463 DI 10.2514/1.39707 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510GH UT WOS:000271075600002 ER PT J AU Fiorino, ST Bartell, RJ Krizo, MJ Perram, GP Fedyk, DJ Moore, KP Harris, TR Cusumano, SJ AF Fiorino, Steven T. Bartell, Richard J. Krizo, Matthew J. Perram, Glen P. Fedyk, Daniel J. Moore, Kenneth P. Harris, Thomas R. Cusumano, Salvatore J. TI Worldwide Mission Planning Tool for Tactical Laser Systems SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID AEROSOLS AB The directed energy modeling and simulation community can make important direct contributions to the joint warfighting community by providing the capability to estimate expected performance of high energy laser systems on a worldwide basis over both land and ocean regions accounting for variability in system performance arising from spatial, spectral and temporal variations in operating conditions. Key recently introduced features of the Air Force Institute of Technology Center for Directed Energy's high energy laser end-to-end operational simulation parametric one-on-one engagement level model allow it to meet modeling and simulation needs and function as a near term mission planning tool. These features include the capability to derive vertical profiles of atmospheric effects based probabilistic climatology, historical weather reanalysis grids, or real-time forecast models available on-line. Each atmospheric gas or particulate is evaluated based on its wavelength-dependent forward and off-axis scattering characteristics and absorption effects on electromagnetic energy delivered at any wavelength from 0.4 mu m to 8.6 m. High energy laser end-to-end operational simulation can produce profiles, including correlated optical turbulence profiles in percentile format, from probabilistic climatology for over 400 land sites worldwide for all times of day and for a 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid over all ocean locations. In addition, probability of cloud free line of sight for hundreds of land sites worldwide is available in the model. Target surface orientation is defined in three-dimensional space, supporting accurate assessment of the effectiveness of a particular engagement geometry. Effects of thin layers of fog, several types of rain and several types of water droplet and ice clouds can also be considered. In the current study, performance predictions at several wavelengths for a number of geographically diverse land and sea locations are made using numerical weather reanalysis data and are compared with results derived from probabilistic climatology. Use of web-based numerical weather data constitutes a step toward the development of a true directed energy mission planning tool. Complex interactions between the effects of meteorological parameters as a function of location, specific time of day, and season on predicted laser system performance have been demonstrated. Use of gridded numerical weather reanalysis data reveals operationally relevant changes in predicted system performance over fairly localized areas, indicating that in many cases conditions exist which might be exploited for operational advantage in employment of directed energy weapons if correctly forecasted and analyzed. C1 [Fiorino, Steven T.; Perram, Glen P.; Fedyk, Daniel J.; Moore, Kenneth P.; Harris, Thomas R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bartell, Richard J.; Krizo, Matthew J.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorino, ST (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 J9 J AEROSP COMPUT IN C JI J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 8 BP 491 EP 505 DI 10.2514/1.35778 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 510GJ UT WOS:000271075800002 ER PT J AU Weeks, TM AF Weeks, Thomas M. TI JA 2009 Recognition and Appreciation SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Editorial Material RP Weeks, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.2514/1.41636 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 406PT UT WOS:000263308100001 ER PT J AU Gamble, BJ Reeder, MF AF Gamble, Brian J. Reeder, Mark F. TI Experimental Analysis of Propeller-Wing Interactions for a Micro Air Vehicle SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 36th Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 05-08, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID AERODYNAMIC INTERACTION; INTEGRATION AB An experimental investigation into the effects of the propeller slipstream on a small, flexible-wing air vehicle with a 2-4 in. wingspan was conducted at typical flight speeds, resulting in Reynolds numbers based on a mean aerodynamic chord of about 1 x 10(5). A static test bench was used to characterize the forces and moments acting on the motor and, separately, on the airframe. The motor and propeller, of diameter D, were mounted on a torque cell that was itself affixed to an air-bearing table configured to measure thrust. A model of the fuselage, capable of wing location adjustment, was affixed to a 6-degree-of-freedom balance. The resulting set of decoupled force and moment data was collected for axial wing placements ranging from 0.17 to 0.73 D and also for varied vertical wing placements. The results suggest that between 12 and 18% of propeller thrust translates into airframe drag, with the largest percentage occurring for the wiag placement closest to the propeller (0.17 D). The measured reaction torque was found to be as high as 45% of the motor torque, and its dependence on wing placement was measured. Wind-tunnel data, collected using a six-component balance and a triaxial hot-wire anemometer mounted on a traversing system, yielded all three components (of velocity naps for propeller-off and propeller-on conditions at typical operating airspeeds. The secondary flows generated by the propeller, propeller-wing interaction, and wing-tip vortices were captured and analyzed. C1 [Gamble, Brian J.; Reeder, Mark F.] USAF, AF Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.2514/1.34520 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 406PT UT WOS:000263308100007 ER PT J AU Nelson, D AF Nelson, D. TI Numerical Optimization of Airfoils in Low Reynolds Number Flows SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMIC SHAPE OPTIMIZATION C1 [Nelson, D.] Los Angeles Air Force Base, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Nelson, D (reprint author), USAF, 501 Esplanade 304, Redondo Beach, CA 90277 USA. EM daniel.nelson@losangeles.af.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.2514/1.36859 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 406PT UT WOS:000263308100036 ER PT J AU Yang, B Rethinam, RM Mall, S AF Yang, B. Rethinam, R. M. Mall, S. TI Modeling and Analysis of Cylindrical Nanoindentation of Graphite SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE bending; boundary-elements methods; elasticity; graphite; Green's function methods; indentation; multilayers; nanostructured materials; van der Waals forces ID GREENS-FUNCTION; GRAPHENE; CARBON; FILMS AB Graphite at the nanoscale is modeled as a material system consisting of a stack of parallel plates buffered by an elastic material. While the plates represent individual graphene sheets, the buffer material models the Van der Waals interaction between the graphene sheets. As such, the loading on graphite at the nanoscale is characterized by the membrane force, the bending moment, and the shear force in the graphene sheets. Cylindrical nanoindentation of graphite is analyzed by applying a special boundary element method that employs Green's function for multilayers with platelike interfaces. Because Green's function satisfies the traction-free surface, the interfacial displacement continuity and the interfacial traction discontinuity conditions, only the indentation surface area where the boundary condition is altered, are numerically discretized. Numerical results of cylindrical nanoindentation are presented. It is shown that the bending moment and the shear force in the graphene sheets are concentrated around the edge of contact, consistent with the singularities existing in the second and the third derivatives of the surface displacement in the reduced case of a semi-infinite homogeneous solid under cylindrical contact. Kinks of single, double, and triple joints are related to the bending moment, the shear force, and the concentrated force, respectively. C1 [Yang, B.; Rethinam, R. M.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Mall, S.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2009 VL 76 IS 1 DI 10.1115/1.2999412 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 372GK UT WOS:000260889900010 ER PT J AU Ong, BA Forester, J Fallot, A AF Ong, Bruce A. Forester, Joseph Fallot, Andre TI Does Influenza Vaccination Improve Pediatric Asthma Outcomes? SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; influenza; pediatrics; immunizations; military ID EXACERBATIONS; CHILDREN AB Objective. Controversy exists regarding the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing influenza-related asthma exacerbations in the pediatric population. While yearly influenza immunization is widely recommended for children with asthma, there is currently little evidence to support this practice. Several studies have demonstrated no measurable benefit in asthma outcomes. This study sought to determine whether influenza vaccination status is associated with indicators of asthma morbidity within the military pediatric population. Methods. A survey was conducted of patients 3 to 18 years of age with a diagnosis of asthma enrolled in the pediatric clinics of Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, and Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas. Management practices and outcomes for 80 children were evaluated. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS version 12 (SPSS Inc., Chicago). Univariate analyses were performed to identify associations between influenza vaccination, selected demographic variables and asthma exacerbation defined by oral steroid prescription, hospital visits, and unscheduled clinic or emergency department visits for asthma symptoms. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to detect possible confounding variables. Results. In the univariate analyses, current influenza vaccination status was associated with a significant reduction of oral steroid use in the 12 months before the survey. This relationship was appreciated to a lesser extent with emergency department or unscheduled clinic visits in the last 12 months. No significant differences were found regarding the distribution of influenza vaccination status across selected demographic variables. In the multivariate analyses, current influenza vaccination status was independently associated with significantly decreased odds of using oral steroids in the previous 12 months. There was no evidence of confounding or effect modification. Conclusions. This study suggests influenza vaccination is associated with fewer asthma exacerbations. After controlling for several potential confounding variables, administration of influenza vaccine was associated with a protective effect against indicators of asthma exacerbations. Our results indicate that children with asthma in the military beneficiary population may benefit from annual influenza vaccination. C1 [Ong, Bruce A.] Hunter Army Airfield, Dept Aviat Med, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. [Forester, Joseph] USAF Acad, Dept Pediat, Usafa, CO USA. [Fallot, Andre] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Ong, BA (reprint author), Hunter Army Airfield, Dept Aviat Med, Bldg 1257,N Lightning Rd, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. EM bruce.ong@us.army.mil NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 477 EP 480 AR PII 912534341 DI 10.1080/02770900902795538 PG 4 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 460NV UT WOS:000267195300009 PM 19544168 ER PT J AU Thompson, RA Wehling, MF Evers, JH Dixon, WE AF Thompson, R. A. Wehling, M. F. Evers, J. H. Dixon, W. E. TI Body rate decoupling using haltere mid-stroke measurements for inertial flight stabilization in Diptera SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Haltere; Flight stability; Strain rate; Campaniform sensilla ID BLOWFLY CALLIPHORA-VICINA; CAMPANIFORM SENSILLA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; HEAD MOVEMENTS; MOTOR-NEURON; FLIES; KINEMATICS; EQUILIBRIUM; DYNAMICS; REFLEXES AB Halteres, the modified rear wings of Diptera, have long been recognized as sensory organs necessary for basic flight stability. These organs, which act as vibrating structure gyroscopes, are known to sense strains proportional to Coriolis accelerations. While compensatory responses have been demonstrated that indicate the ability of insects to distinguish all components of the body rate vector, the specific mechanism by which the halteres are able to decouple the body rates has not been clearly understood. The research documented in this report describes a potential mechanism, using averaged strain and strain rate at the center of the haltere stroke, to decouple the inertial rate components. Through dynamic simulation of a nonlinear model of the haltere 3-dimensional trajectory, this straightforward method was demonstrated to provide an accurate means of generating signals that are proportional to three orthogonal body rate components. Errors associated with residual nonlinearity and rate-coupling were quantified for a bilaterally reconstructed body rate vector over a full range of pitch and yaw rates and two roll rate conditions. Models that are compatible with insect physiology are proposed for performing necessary signal averaging and bilateral processing. C1 [Thompson, R. A.; Wehling, M. F.; Evers, J. H.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RWGI, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Dixon, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Thompson, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RWGI, Eglin AFB, FL USA. EM thompsra@ufl.edu RI Dixon, Warren/F-5238-2015 OI Dixon, Warren/0000-0002-5091-181X FU US Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank the US Air Force Research Laboratory for funding this investigation into bio-mimetic methods of inertial measurement. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7594 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 195 IS 1 BP 99 EP 112 DI 10.1007/s00359-008-0388-1 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA 396FN UT WOS:000262577700009 PM 19011872 ER PT J AU Faulkner, JA Ferguson, EE AF Faulkner, Jeffrey A. Ferguson, Earl E. TI Innovations in Military Handling of Facial Trauma SO JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Craniofacial trauma; combat trauma; Iraq; maxillofacial trauma; war surgery ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; FRACTURES AB As the military medical treatment facilities of Operation Iraqi Freedom have transitioned from make-shift tent facilities to more formal fixed facilities, the capability to deliver more complex care has markedly improved. Using case presentations, the authors illustrate the integration of advances in surgical technology in managing complex and devastating craniofacial trauma at the 332nd Air Force Theater Hospital in Balad Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom 2006. C1 [Faulkner, Jeffrey A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Ferguson, Earl E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Faulkner, JA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Jeffrey.faulkner@amedd.army.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1049-2275 J9 J CRANIOFAC SURG JI J. Craniofac. Surg. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 62 EP 67 DI 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181945a7a PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 399ZS UT WOS:000262838400017 PM 19164991 ER PT J AU Dalton, S LeBoit, P Bastian, B Kolaitis, N Charzan, S Werling, R AF Dalton, S. LeBoit, P. Bastian, B. Kolaitis, N. Charzan, S. Werling, R. TI USE OF FLUORESCENCE IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION (FISH) AS A MEANS TO DISTINGUISH INTRANODAL NEVUS FROM MELANOMA METASTATIC TO LYMPH NODES SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dalton, S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [LeBoit, P.; Bastian, B.; Kolaitis, N.; Charzan, S.; Werling, R.] UCSF Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 BP 107 EP 108 PG 2 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 389XT UT WOS:000262129600034 ER PT J AU Papavero, V Fanburg-Smith, J Hallman, J AF Papavero, V. Fanburg-Smith, J. Hallman, J. TI DESMOPLASTIC MELANOMA: A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC REVIEW AND SUBCLASSIFICATION OF 90 CASES SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Papavero, V.] Univ Texas SW, Dallas, TX USA. [Fanburg-Smith, J.; Hallman, J.] USAF, Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 389XT UT WOS:000262129600249 ER PT J AU Moore, EA Yeo, YK Ryu, MY Hengehold, RL AF Moore, E. A. Yeo, Y. K. Ryu, Mee-Yi Hengehold, R. L. TI Nearly Perfect Electrical Activation Efficiencies from Silicon-Implanted Al (x) Ga1-x N with High Aluminum Mole Fraction SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Phase Stability, Phase Transformation and Reactive Phase Formation in Electronic Materials VII held at the 2008 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 09-13, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE AlGaN; Hall-effect measurement; implantation; electrical activation; mobility ID OHMIC CONTACTS; SI; GAN; TEMPERATURE; ALXGA1-XN; ALGAN; DEPENDENCE; DISORDER; HEMTS AB Electrical activation studies of Al (x) Ga1-x N (x = 0.45 and 0.51) implanted with Si for n-type conductivity have been made as a function of ion dose and anneal temperature. Silicon ions were implanted at 200 keV with doses ranging from 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) to 1 x 10(15) cm(-2) at room temperature. The samples were subsequently annealed from 1150A degrees C to 1350A degrees C for 20 min in a nitrogen environment. Nearly 100% electrical activation efficiency was successfully obtained for the Si-implanted Al0.45Ga0.55N samples after annealing at 1350A degrees C for doses of 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) and 5 x 10(14) cm(-2) and at 1200A degrees C for a dose of 1 x 10(15) cm(-2), and for the Al0.51Ga0.49N implanted with silicon doses of 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) and 5 x 10(14) cm(-2) after annealing at 1300A degrees C. The highest room-temperature mobility obtained was 61 cm(2)/V s and 55 cm(2)/V s for the low-dose implanted Al0.45Ga0.55N and Al0.51Ga0.49N, respectively, after annealing at 1350A degrees C for 20 min. These results show unprecedented activation efficiencies for Al (x) Ga1-x N with high Al mole fractions and provide suitable annealing conditions for Al (x) Ga1-x N-based device applications. C1 [Moore, E. A.; Yeo, Y. K.; Hengehold, R. L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ryu, Mee-Yi] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. RP Moore, EA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM myryu@kangwon.ac.kr NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s11664-008-0553-x PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 385CF UT WOS:000261789900020 ER PT J AU Dagrosa, RL Martin, JF Bebarta, VS AF Dagrosa, Richard L. Martin, James F. Bebarta, Vikhyat S. TI TENSION HYDROTHORAX SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 [Dagrosa, Richard L.] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Cent Texas Poison Ctr, Temple, TX USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), 25218 Battle Lake, San Antonio, TX 78258 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 BP 78 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.06.015 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 401WA UT WOS:000262972000019 PM 17961963 ER PT J AU Hartley, CS Spowart, JE AF Hartley, Craig S. Spowart, Jonathan E. TI Measures of Bulk and Grain Strain in Deformation Processes SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE deformation; grain boundaries; grain growth; internal stresses; rolling; sheet metal processing; steel ID ANISOTROPY AB This study illustrates a method of measuring internal total strain based on the observation that networks of internal boundaries within a polycrystalline material deform locally in a manner congruent with the local metal flow. Appropriate measurements of the development of the spatial anisotropy of such networks with increasing deformation provide a basis for defining several measures of the local total strain. These quantities, called "grain strains" when the boundaries observed are grain boundaries, can serve as an experimental measure of the internal total strain at various locations in a specimen for comparison with computations based on finite element models using various constitutive relations or phase field simulations of grain growth or deformation. Experimental measurements of grain strains at the center of a ferritic steel sheet rolled in nominally 10% increments to 50% total reduction in thickness illustrate the method and correlate well with corresponding strains based on measures of the change in thickness of the sheet and the assumption of plane strain. C1 [Hartley, Craig S.] El Arroyo Enterprises, Sedona, AZ 86336 USA. [Spowart, Jonathan E.] USAF, Mat Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hartley, CS (reprint author), El Arroyo Enterprises, 231 Arroyo Sienna Dr, Sedona, AZ 86336 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 1 AR 011006 DI 10.1115/1.3026548 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 388GM UT WOS:000262008300007 ER PT J AU Vandewalle, KS AF Vandewalle, Kraig S. TI TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN SILORANE-, ORMOCER-, AND DIMETHACRYLATE-BASED COMPOSITES AND PULP CHAMBER ROOF DURING LIGHT-CURING SO JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), Gen Dent Residency,1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1496-4155 J9 J ESTHET RESTOR DENT JI J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 2 BP 132 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2009.00245.x PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 431BJ UT WOS:000265036000013 PM 19368604 ER PT J AU Roberts, HW Berzins, DW Charlton, DG AF Roberts, Howard W. Berzins, David W. Charlton, David G. TI Hardness of Three Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer Restorative Materials as a Function of Depth and Time SO JOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID CURING DEPTH; COMPOSITE; CEMENTS; CURE; CHEMISTRY; STRENGTH; HYBRID AB Statement of the Problem: The polymerization of bulk-placed resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) restoratives is compromised when penetration of the curing light is limited because of the materials' thickness. It is unknown if additional post light-curing resin polymerization and/or glass-ionomer setting occurs over time to ensure adequate polymerization. Purpose: The primary objective was to evaluate the depth of cure of various thicknesses of RMGI restorative products over 1 year using Knoop hardness (KH) testing. Materials and Methods: The materials were placed in Delrin molds having an internal diameter of 5.0 mm and heights of 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm and were photopolymerized with a halogen light-curing unit. Five specimens of each depth were prepared for each time period evaluated. Specimens were stored in darkness at 37 +/- 2 degrees C and 98 +/- 2% humidity until being tested at 24 hours, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after fabrication. Mean KH values were calculated for the bottom and top surfaces of each thickness group and used to determine bottom/top hardness ratios. Data were compared using two-way analysis of variance (factors of time, thickness) at a 0.05 significance level with Scheffe's post hoc analysis, where required. Results: The materials had relatively stable top surface KH, which permitted valid assessment of changes in bottom surface KH over time. The bottom surface KH of some RMGIs changed significantly over time (p < 0.001), but degrees of change were material dependent. Certain RMGIs demonstrated a potential for statistically significant post light-activation hardening; however, that too was material dependent. As compared with top surface KH, deeper layers of the thicker RMGI specimens consistently failed to achieve an adequate degree of polymerization. Conclusion: Although certain RMGI materials demonstrate a potential for post light-activation chemically initiated resin polymerization and/or polyalkenoate acid/base reaction, these reactions may not be sufficient to ensure that the material is adequately polymerized for long-term success. This is particularly true when RMGI materials are placed in thicker layers where curing light penetration may be compromised. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE RMGI materials should not be placed in bulk but photopolymerized in layers to ensure adequate light activation. The results of this study suggest that Photac-Fil Quick be placed in layers no thicker than 2 mm while Fuji II LC and Vitremer may be placed in layers up to 3 mm in thickness. C1 [Charlton, David G.] USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Berzins, David W.] Marquette Univ, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA. RP Charlton, DG (reprint author), USN, Inst Dent & Biomed Res, 310A B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. EM david.charlton@med.navy.mil NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1496-4155 J9 J ESTHET RESTOR DENT JI J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2009.00273.x PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 480EY UT WOS:000268716300011 PM 19689726 ER PT J AU Doman, DB Gamble, BJ Ngo, AD AF Doman, David B. Gamble, Brian J. Ngo, Anhtuan D. TI Quantized Control Allocation of Reaction Control Jets and Aerodynamic Control Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 20-23, 2007 CL Hilton Head Isl, SC ID VEHICLE CONTROL; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEM AB A mixed-integer linear programming approach to mixing continuous and pulsed control effectors is proposed. The method is aimed at applications involving reentry vehicles that are transitioning from exoatmospheric flight to endoatmospheric flight. In this flight phase, aerodynamic surfaces are weak and easily saturated, and vehicles typically rely on pulsed reaction control jets for attitude control. Control laws for these jets have historically been designed using single-axis phase-plane analysis, which has proven to be sufficient for many applications where multi-axis coupling is insignificant and when failures have not been encountered. Here, we propose using a mixed-integer linear programming technique to blend continuous control effectors and pulsed jets to generate moments commanded by linear or nonlinear control laws. When coupled with fault detection and isolation logic, the control effectors can be reconfigured to minimize the impact of control effector failures or damage. When the continuous effectors can provide the desired moments, standard linear programming methods can be used to mix the effectors; however, when the pulsed effectors must be used to augment the aerodynamic surfaces, mixed-integer linear programming techniques are used to determine the optimal combination of jets to fire. The reaction jet control allocator acts as a nonuniform quantizer that applies a moment vector to the-vehicle, which approximates the desired moment generated by a continuous control law. Lyapunov theory is applied to develop a method for determining the region of attraction associated with a quantized vehicle attitude control system. C1 [Doman, David B.; Gamble, Brian J.; Ngo, Anhtuan D.] USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Doman, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, 2210 8th St,Suite 21, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM David.Doman@wpatb.af.mil; Brian.Gamble@wpatb.af.mil; anhtuan.ngo@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.2514/1.37312 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 395AR UT WOS:000262494900001 ER PT J AU Summers, TH Akella, MR Mears, MJ AF Summers, Tyler H. Akella, Maruthi R. Mears, Mark J. TI Coordinated Standoff Tracking of Moving Targets: Control Laws and Information Architectures SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID PLANAR COLLECTIVE MOTION; COOPERATIVE CONTROL; RIGIDITY; COMMUNICATION; STABILIZATION; PERSISTENCE; GRAPHS AB In this paper, we present work on the control of autonomous vehicle formations in the context of the coordinated standoff tracking problem. The objective is to use a team of unmanned aircraft to fly a circular orbit around a moving target with prescribed intervehicle angular spacing using only local information. We use the recently introduced Lyapunov guidance vector field approach to achieve the desired circular trajectory. The contributions of this paper involve both single-vehicle. path planning and multiple-vehicle coordination. For single-vehicle path planning, we complete a proof of heading convergence using feedback, which has thus far not been fully addressed in the literature. We also offer a novel approach for heading convergence that does not require continuous feedback in the ideal case (no wind, stationary target), taking advantage of an analytical solution for the guidance field. Further, we use a variable airspeed controller to maintain the circular trajectory despite unknown wind and unknown constant velocity target motion. Adaptive estimates of the unknown wind and target motion are introduced to ensure stability of the circular trajectory. A novel feature of our results is rigorous satisfaction of vehicle-specific kinematic constraints on heading rates and airspeed variations. For multiple-vehicle coordination, we again use a variable airspeed controller to achieve the prescribed angular spacing. We make a connection with some recent work that addresses information architecture in vehicle formations using rigid graph theory. Specifically, we discuss two types of information architectures, symmetric and asymmetric, and implement decentralized control laws that are based on these architectures. The information architectures are scalable in that the number of required communication/sensing links increases linearly with the number of vehicles. The control laws are decentralized in that they use only local information. C1 [Summers, Tyler H.; Akella, Maruthi R.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Mears, Mark J.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Summers, TH (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, 1501 Barton Springs Rd, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM thsummers@mail.utexas.edu; makella@tnail.utexas.edu; mark.rpears@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 56 EP 69 DI 10.2514/1.37212 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 395AR UT WOS:000262494900005 ER PT J AU Baldelli, DH Zeng, J Lind, R Harris, C AF Baldelli, Dario H. Zeng, Jie Lind, Rick Harris, Chuck TI Flutter-Prediction Tool for Flight-Test-Based Aeroelastic Parameter-Varying Models SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Hilton Head Isl, SC AB In this work, a parameter-varying estimation framework is proposed to increase the efficiency of flight testing. The framework generates a set of tools to rapidly evaluate parameters required to certify an aircraft during envelope expansion. The primary innovation is a generalized aeroelastic parameter-varying framework that allows for a variety of approaches and test procedures. The framework considers the variations of aircraft parameters due to flight conditions. The core algorithms are based on the well-developed linear fractional transformation algebra and A analysis for aeroelastic/aeroservoelastic systems. They are built upon an integrated parameter-estimation framework that is robust enough to tolerate real-world flight-testing environments. Two application cases were successfully solved using the algorithms developed during this work. The first case study involved a generic pitch and plunge linear aeroelastic wind-tunnel model. In the second case study, flight-test data from the Aerostructure Test Wing program were used to demonstrate the feasible application of the core algorithms using data coming from actual flight-test programs. C1 [Baldelli, Dario H.; Zeng, Jie] ZONA Technol Inc, Scottsdale, AZ 85258 USA. [Lind, Rick] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Harris, Chuck] USAF, Flight Test Ctr, Test Wing 412, Edwards AFB, CA 93253 USA. RP Baldelli, DH (reprint author), ZONA Technol Inc, Scottsdale, AZ 85258 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 158 EP 171 DI 10.2514/1.36584 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 395AR UT WOS:000262494900013 ER PT J AU Shepherd, MJ Cobb, RG Palazotto, AN Baker, WP AF Shepherd, Michael J. Cobb, Richard G. Palazotto, Anthony N. Baker, William P. TI Modal Transformation Method for Deformable Membrane Mirrors SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB Active lightweight continuous mirrors such as deformable membrane mirrors provide the capability to form conjugate surfaces that are effective for removing atmospheric distortions of an incoming wave front. Ongoing research for membrane mirrors for space telescopes has highlighted the need for a simple transformation between Zernike basis functions used by the optical community and the physically realizable dynamic modes of a membrane telescope more commonly recognized by the structural engineer. Perfect surface control would have authority to command both Zernike and vibration-mode shapes. However, the basis functions are incongruent in terms of boundary conditions. The research herein attempts to provide a simple tool for reconciling this otherwise imposing incompatibility. This paper provides design criteria for establishing achievable surface-deflection performance inside of a clear-aperture region for a preselected number of desired Zernike polynomials and a number of retained quasi-statically-actuated vibration-mode shapes. The methodology, coined the "modal transformation method" by the authors, is contrasted with a direct projection method in an applied example performed on a MSC.Nastran nonlinear finite element model of a piezoelectric-actuated deformable membrane mirror. C1 [Shepherd, Michael J.; Cobb, Richard G.; Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baker, William P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shepherd, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 276 EP 289 DI 10.2514/1.33344 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 395AR UT WOS:000262494900023 ER PT J AU Stiefel, BA AF Stiefel, Baird A. TI Critical Path: A Brief History of Critical Infrastructure Protection in the United States SO JOURNAL OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stiefel, Baird A.] Jacksonville State Univ, Jacksonville, AL 36265 USA. [Stiefel, Baird A.] US AF Cent Command Emergency Management & CBRN, SMSgt, Shaw AFB, SC 29152 USA. RP Stiefel, BA (reprint author), Jacksonville State Univ, Jacksonville, AL 36265 USA. EM jsu6873m@jsu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1547-7355 J9 J HOMEL SECUR EMERG JI J. Homel. Secur. Emerg. Manag. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 AR 1 PG 5 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 408NA UT WOS:000263440500008 ER PT J AU Tyree, K Tyree, MM DiGeronimo, R AF Tyree, K. Tyree, M. M. DiGeronimo, R. TI CORRELATION OF BRAIN TISSUE OXYGENATION WITH CEREBRAL NIRS AND SYSTEMIC SVO2 DURING VA ECMO IN A PORCINE MODEL SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Southern Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY FEB 12-14, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Federat Med Res, So Reg C1 [Tyree, K.; Tyree, M. M.; DiGeronimo, R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 362 EP 362 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 497VU UT WOS:000270092400749 ER PT J AU Gillette, R AF Gillette, R. TI HIGH FREQUENCY (HF) VENTILATOR TIDAL VOLUME (TV) DISTRIBUTION TO INHOMOGENEOUS LUNGS IN A NEONATAL TEST LUNG MODEL SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Southern Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY FEB 12-14, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Federat Med Res, So Reg C1 [Gillette, R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 385 EP 385 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 497VU UT WOS:000270092400830 ER PT J AU Allibhai, T Digeronimo, R Whitin, J Yu, T Salazar, J Shoemaker, M Cohen, H Dixon, P Madan, A AF Allibhai, T. Digeronimo, R. Whitin, J. Yu, T. Salazar, J. Shoemaker, M. Cohen, H. Dixon, P. Madan, A. TI BIOMARKERS OF CEREBRAL INJURY IN A NEONATAL PIG MODEL OF CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS AND CIRCULATORY ARREST AT 18 degrees C and 25 degrees C WITH AND WITHOUT SELECTIVE CEREBRAL PERFUSION SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Southern Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY FEB 12-14, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Federat Med Res, So Reg C1 [Allibhai, T.; Digeronimo, R.; Shoemaker, M.; Dixon, P.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Whitin, J.; Yu, T.; Cohen, H.; Madan, A.] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Salazar, J.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 413 EP 413 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 497VU UT WOS:000270092400930 ER PT J AU Thota, S Kokubo, K Tan, LS Chiang, L AF Thota, Sammaiah Kokubo, Ken Tan, Loon-Seng Chiang, Long TI Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Tris-Fluorenyl Chromophores as Intermediates of Potential Nonlinear Photonic Materials SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tris-fluorenyl chromophore; C3 symmetry; diphenylaminofluorene; stereoisomer; luminescent compound; photonic nanomaterials ID ENHANCED 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; C-60-DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE DYAD; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CROSS-SECTION; MOLECULES; C-60; DONOR AB In our effort to enhance the cross section of simultaneous multiphoton absorption of C60-based photonic nanomaterials, a novel highly luminescent tris-fluorenyl ring-interconnected chromophore tris-DPAF-C9 was designed and synthesized using a C3 symmetrical triaminobenzene core as the synthon. The structural moiety bears a close resemblance to that of 2-diphenylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorenyl attachment in the previously studied C60( DPAF-Cn)x. The product tris-DPAF-C9 was fully characterized by NMR, UV, IR, and MALDI-TOF MS spectroscopic methods. Based on the molecular energy calculation at MOPAC PM3 level, it suggested the presence of two possible cis/trans stereoisomers on the configuration of fluorenyl moieties. Consequently, a lower heat formation (Hf) of 19.9 kcal/mol was found for the tris-cis C9-isomer as the favorable one vs 47.9 kcal/mol for the bis-mono-trans C9-isomer. C1 [Thota, Sammaiah; Kokubo, Ken; Chiang, Long] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci & Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Kokubo, Ken] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Div Appl Chem, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBN, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chiang, L (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci & Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Long_Chiang@uml.edu RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Kokubo, Ken/0000-0002-8776-7102 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI A JI J. Macromol. Sci. Part A-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2009 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1165 EP 1171 AR PII 916557363 DI 10.1080/10601320903340028 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 516TT UT WOS:000271566600003 ER PT J AU White, TJ Serak, SV Tabiryan, NV Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ AF White, Timothy J. Serak, Svetlana V. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Vaia, Richard A. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Polarization-controlled, photodriven bending in monodomain liquid crystal elastomer cantilevers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED ALIGNMENT; AZOBENZENE MOIETIES; NEMATIC ELASTOMERS; POLYMER-FILMS; SIDE-CHAIN; LIGHT; ACTUATORS; BEHAVIOR AB We report on the fast and optically controlled angular bending of cantilevers made from liquid crystal polymer networks functionalized with azobenzene moieties (azo-LCN). For potential applications such as adaptive optics, photoresponsive cantilevers should rapidly deform to controlled angles while maintaining a modulus that can accomplish appreciable mechanical work. This work demonstrates cantilevers made of monodomain azo-LCN containing pendant (side chain) azobenzene mesogens with a storage modulus of 1.4 GPa bend 85 degrees in less than 300 ms upon exposure to 442 nm irradiation. Moreover, the bending angle of these monodomain azo-LCN cantilevers can be controlled by the polarization angle of the source relative to the long-axis of the cantilever. The bending performance (deformation angle and speed) of this monodomain system is compared to a polydomain analogue. The impact of azobenzene concentration, laser intensity, and thickness on these parameters is also presented. C1 [White, Timothy J.; Vaia, Richard A.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [White, Timothy J.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH USA. [Serak, Svetlana V.; Tabiryan, Nelson V.] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements, Winter Pk, FL USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way B-651 Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate at the Air Force Research Laboratory FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate at the Air Force Research Laboratory. Thanks also to Kelly Burke (Case Western Reserve University) and Patrick Mather (Syracuse University) for mechanical characterization and Hilmar Koerner (UTC Corp.) for X-ray analysis. NR 31 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 6 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1080 EP 1085 DI 10.1039/b818457g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 406CG UT WOS:000263272000005 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Grant, JT Enlow, J Su, WJ Bunning, TJ AF Jiang, Hao Grant, John T. Enlow, Jesse Su, Weijie Bunning, Timothy J. TI Surface oxygen in plasma polymerized films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; FREE-RADICAL FORMATION; PHOTONIC FILMS; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; IRON; OXIDATION; COPOLYMERIZATION; HYDROCARBONS AB For plasma polymerized (PP) thin films, many practical optical, electronic, sensing, and bio-applications are closely related to their surface properties. In particular, the surfaces of many PP films have a strong affinity for oxygen and moisture. Therefore, three different types of monomers which do not contain oxygen were selected to fabricate PP films, in order to understand the mechanisms for surface oxygen absorption. These monomers were a hydrocarbon, benzene (B); ferrocene (FC), containing Fe ions which have a great affinity for oxygen; and octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB), containing the strong electronegative (and thus oxygen repellent) element fluorine. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance (ESR) were used to explore the chemical composition and structure of the resulting PP films. XPS depth-profiling was also used to investigate the oxygen content in the bulk of the films by analyzing the film surface after various amounts of argon etching. The initial oxygen content on the surface of the PP-FC films was the largest of the three while PP-OFCB films only contained a trace quantity. PP-B films had an intermediate concentration. Affinity for oxygen for this latter film was determined to be due to residual activated species including free radicals and dangling bond sites on the film surface. Depth profiling disclosed little oxygen a short distance into the PP-B films, indicating that the oxygen was attracted after deposition upon exposure to ambient conditions. Although the PP-B film exhibited a high concentration of free radicals as determined by ESR, the dense and crosslinked bulk structure shielded these active centers in the film by prohibiting oxygen diffusion. For the PP-FC films, although a decrease in the amount of oxygen was observed after etching, a substantial concentration of oxygen exists with the depth, indicating incorporation of oxygen during the initial deposition. Because of the chemical nature of fluorine, the as-deposited PP-OFCB films did not exhibit significant affinity towards oxygen. However, a slightly oxygen enriched film surface was present after argon etching due to changes in the surface chemistry and structure. These results demonstrate that the formation and distribution of oxygen on and within the PP films are strongly dependent upon the chemical composition and structure of the films. C1 [Jiang, Hao; Grant, John T.; Enlow, Jesse; Su, Weijie; Bunning, Timothy J.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jiang, Hao; Bunning, Timothy J.] Mat Sci & Tech Applicat LLC, Dayton, OH 45458 USA. [Grant, John T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Enlow, Jesse] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Su, Weijie] AT&T Govt Solut, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, AF Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 15 BP 2234 EP 2239 DI 10.1039/b816814h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 426YS UT WOS:000264745300020 ER PT J AU Hsiao, VKS Yong, KT Cartwright, AN Swihart, MT Prasad, PN Lloyd, PF Bunning, TJ AF Hsiao, Vincent K. S. Yong, Ken-Tye Cartwright, Alexander N. Swihart, Mark T. Prasad, Paras N. Lloyd, Pamela F. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Nanoporous polymeric photonic crystals by emulsion holography SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORDERED MACROPOROUS MATERIALS; GRATINGS; PHASE; FABRICATION; SPHERES AB We report the holographic photopatterning of a microemulsion with a formamide polar phase and an acrylate monomer-containing nonpolar phase to produce polymer structures with periodic nanoscale porosity. Formamide is a highly polar solvent that forms well dispersed, nonaqueous emulsion droplets within the monomer-containing nonpolar phase before holographic patterning. Photochemically initiated polymerization of the nonpolar phase generates ordered structures defined by the holographic interference. Evaporation of the formamide from this lamellar structure yields a multilayered stack that acts as a photonic crystal (PC) with high optical reflectivity and a wide reflection bandwidth. The size of formamide droplets in the photopolymer fluid must be controlled to have a narrow distribution and peak near 60 nm to fabricate PC with high reflectivity. Addition of a sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT) surfactant helps to stabilize the formamide microemulsion which further facilitates the formation of ordered nanopores with a uniform size. C1 [Yong, Ken-Tye; Cartwright, Alexander N.; Swihart, Mark T.; Prasad, Paras N.] SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Hsiao, Vincent K. S.] Natl Chi Nan Univ, Dept Appl Mat & Optoelectron Engn, Nantou Hsien 54561, Taiwan. [Prasad, Paras N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Lloyd, Pamela F.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cartwright, AN (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM anc@buffalo.edu RI Swihart, Mark/A-3182-2008; Hsiao, Vincent/M-7329-2013; Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008 OI Swihart, Mark/0000-0002-9652-687X; Hsiao, Vincent/0000-0002-6121-7292; Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036 FU Chemistry and Life Sciences Directorate of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate [F496200110358]; National Research Council, Taiwan (NSC) [972221E260003] FX The research was supported by the DURINT grant F496200110358 from the Chemistry and Life Sciences Directorate of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, and in part by the National Research Council, Taiwan (NSC 972221E260003). The authors thank Mr Wei-Ting Chang for dynamic light scattering measurements. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 23 BP 3998 EP 4003 DI 10.1039/b823247d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 453MX UT WOS:000266615800026 ER PT J AU Baek, JB Lyons, CB Tan, LS AF Baek, Jong-Beom Lyons, Christopher B. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Macromolecular dumbbells: synthesis and photophysical properties of hyperbranched poly(etherketone)-b-polybenzobisthiazole-b-hyperbranched poly(etherketone) ABA triblock copolymers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENDRITIC BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; PARA-AROMATIC POLYMERS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR BRUSHES; MAIN CHAIN; MONOMERS AB A series of hyperbranched poly(etherketone)-b-poly(benzobisthiazole)-b-hyperbranched poly(etherketone) triblock copolymers were synthesized. Two different types of hyperbranched poly(etherketone)s (PEKs) were utilized as dendritic A-block units and carboxylic acid-terminated polybenzobisthiazoles (PBZTs) with two different molecular weights as a conjugated, optically responsive, rigid-rod B-block units to afford dumbbell-shaped ABA triblock copolymers. Although all dumbbell-shaped samples are soluble in strong acids such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), methanesulfonic acid (MSA), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) and sulfuric acid, only phenoxy-terminated dumbbell shaped triblock copolymers (3a and 3b) were soluble in common polar aprotic solvents such as NMP, DMF, DMAc and DMSO. Their solubility in common organic solvents was apparently a consequence arising from the obstruction of the close packing of PBZT components by the bulky dendritic PEK ends. A very surprising and interesting observation was made when the 3a and 3b solutions in NMP were placed under room light for 24 h: all major absorption peaks became featureless and blue-shifted. This photochromism was investigated by static and dynamic UV-absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy under various conditions. Although the response time was quite long, it could be controlled as a function of excitation wavelength, light intensity, and solvent viscosity and/or polarity. We propose that the origin of observed spectral changes is caused by the change in conjugation lengths of PBZT in the dumbbell-shaped ABA triblock copolymers. C1 [Baek, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Sch Nano Bio Chem Engn, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. [Lyons, Christopher B.; Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB,Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBN,Nanostructured & Biol Mat Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), UNIST, Sch Nano Bio Chem Engn, 194 Banyeon, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. EM jbbaek@unist.ac.kr; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Asian Office of Aerospace RD (AFOSR-AOARD); Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [R01-2007-000-10031-02]; Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2006-D00432] FX This project was supported by funding from US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace R&D (AFOSR-AOARD), Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (R01-2007-000-10031-02) and Korea Research Foundation (KRF-2006-D00432). NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 24 BP 4172 EP 4182 DI 10.1039/b901483g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 455WC UT WOS:000266797500017 ER PT J AU Sathiraju, S Barnes, PN Wheeler, RA AF Sathiraju, Srinivas Barnes, Paul N. Wheeler, Robert A. TI Formation of the YBa(2)Cu(2)NbO(y) phase in thin films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BA2YNBO6 BUFFER LAYERS; YBA2CU3O7-X; PEROVSKITE; GROWTH; NB AB We report the systematic substitution of Nb at the Cu1 site of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y) in thin films to form a new phase of YBa(2)Cu(2)NbO(8). These films were deposited on SrTiO(3)(100) crystals using pulsed laser deposition and deposited at an optimal temperature of 850 degrees C. Films were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. XRD of these films indicate c-axis oriented YBa(2)Cu(2)NbO(y) formation. XPS and micro-Raman spectroscopy analysis suggests Cu exists in the +2 state. C1 [Sathiraju, Srinivas; Barnes, Paul N.] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wheeler, Robert A.] Mat & Mfg Directorate UES, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnes, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 212 EP 216 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0009 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460SN UT WOS:000267207500026 ER PT J AU Yakovlev, VV Petrov, GI Zhang, HF Noojin, GD Denton, ML Thomas, RJ Scully, MO AF Yakovlev, Vladislav V. Petrov, Georgi I. Zhang, Hao F. Noojin, Gary D. Denton, Michael L. Thomas, Robert J. Scully, Marlan O. TI Stimulated Raman scattering: old physics, new applications SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Colloquium on Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 04-08, 2009 CL Snowbird, UT DE Raman; stimulated Raman; ultrashort laser pulses; biomedical imaging ID PHOTOACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONS; LASER AB Stimulated Raman scattering is a promising way of expanding the tunability of ultrafast lasers and is an exciting new biomedical imaging modality capable of selective excitation and chemically-specific diagnostics of molecular species. C1 [Yakovlev, Vladislav V.; Petrov, Georgi I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Zhang, Hao F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Noojin, Gary D.; Denton, Michael L.] Northrop Grumman, Life Sci Res & Applicat Dept, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, HPW 711, RHDO, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Scully, Marlan O.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yakovlev, VV (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM yakovlev@uwm.edu RI Yakovlev, Vladislav/P-4668-2015; Zhang, Hao/H-6199-2012; Zhang, Hao/C-2451-2015 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R03 EB008535, R03 EB008535-02] NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 18-19 BP 1970 EP 1973 DI 10.1080/09500340903082671 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 527QE UT WOS:000272380800010 PM 20354585 ER PT J AU Yu, KO Grabinski, CM Schrand, AM Murdock, RC Wang, W Gu, BH Schlager, JJ Hussain, SM AF Yu, Kyung O. Grabinski, Christin M. Schrand, Amanda M. Murdock, Richard C. Wang, Wei Gu, Baohua Schlager, John J. Hussain, Saber M. TI Toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles in mouse keratinocytes SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Oxidative stress; Mouse keratinocytes; Size-dependent toxicity of nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Occupational health; EHS ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; PULMONARY TOXICITY; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; GENE DELIVERY; QUANTUM DOTS; PARTICLES; NANOTOXICOLOGY; PENETRATION; FABRICATION; CELLS AB The present study was designed to examine the uptake, localization, and the cytotoxic effects of well-dispersed amorphous silica nanoparticles in mouse keratinocytes (HEL-30). Mouse keratinocytes were exposed for 24 h to various concentrations of amorphous silica nanoparticles in homogeneous suspensions of average size distribution (30, 48, 118, and 535 nm SiO(2)) and then assessed for uptake and biochemical changes. Results of transmission electron microscopy revealed all sizes of silica were taken up into the cells and localized into the cytoplasm. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay shows LDH leakage was dose- and size-dependent with exposure to 30 and 48 nm nanoparticles. However, no LDH leakage was observed for either 118 or 535 nm nanoparticles. The mitochondrial viability assay (MTT) showed significant toxicity for 30 and 48 nm at high concentrations (100 mu g/mL) compared to the 118 and 535 nm particles. Further studies were carried out to investigate if cellular reduced GSH and mitochondria membrane potential are involved in the mechanism of SiO(2) toxicity. The redox potential of cells (GSH) was reduced significantly at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mu g/mL at 30 nm nanoparticle exposures. However, silica nanoparticles larger than 30 nm showed no changes in GSH levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation did not show any significant change between controls and the exposed cells. In summary, amorphous silica nanoparticles below 100 nm induced cytotoxicity suggest size of the particles is critical to produce biological effects. C1 [Yu, Kyung O.; Grabinski, Christin M.; Schrand, Amanda M.; Murdock, Richard C.; Schlager, John J.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. [Wang, Wei; Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [BIN 2312A214] FX The authors like to thank Col J. Riddle for his strong support and encouragement for this research. Our thanks also go to Paul Bloomer and Richard Freeman for their computer support. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Project (BIN# 2312A214). NR 25 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s11051-008-9417-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 389WM UT WOS:000262125200003 ER PT J AU Collins, P McGuirk, J AF Collins, Peter McGuirk, Jeffrey TI A novel methodology for deriving improved material parameter sets for simplified cylindrical cloaks SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE invisibility cloak; transformation optics; simplified material parameters ID MAXWELLS EQUATIONS AB A new way to define simplified material parameters for cylindrical cloaks is developed. A Taylor series expansion of mu(theta) dictated by a new constraint equation developed for simplified cylindrical cloak parameters, followed by solving for epsilon(z) and mu(r) leads to simplified cloaks with significantly improved scattering width performance when compared to previous published results. Numerical simulations show scattering width reductions for all angles of observation. Ideal results are approached as the number of terms in the Taylor series goes to infinity. We also show the simplified parameter set developed by Yan et al is simply the first term in this more general expansion. C1 [Collins, Peter; McGuirk, Jeffrey] USAF, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Collins, P (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, 2950 HobsonWay, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.collins@afit.edu NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 AR 015104 DI 10.1088/1464-4258/11/1/015104 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 393LY UT WOS:000262376000007 ER PT J AU Fechine, PBA Silva, EN de Menezes, AS Derov, J Stewart, JW Drehman, AJ Vasconcelos, IF Ayala, AP Cardoso, LP Sombra, ASB AF Fechine, P. B. A. Silva, E. N. de Menezes, A. S. Derov, J. Stewart, J. W. Drehman, A. J. Vasconcelos, I. F. Ayala, A. P. Cardoso, L. P. Sombra, A. S. B. TI Synthesis, structure and vibrational properties of GdIG(X):YIG(1-X) ferrimagnetic ceramic composite SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL METHOD; IRON-GARNET; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES; OXIDES; YIG AB Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) crystal has many attractive characteristics, such as low dielectric loss, narrow resonance linewidth in microwave region and also possesses a good saturated magnetization value. Composite technology in general sets out to combine materials in such a way that the properties of the composite are the optimum for a particular application. The different materials work together to give a composite of unique properties. In this work, we present the preparation procedure (obtaining) of the GdIG(x):YIG(1-X) ferrimagnetic ceramic matrix composite by mechanical alloying and calcinations. Besides that, we study its properties by X-ray powder diffraction, infrared, Micro-Raman, Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy and hysteresis loop measurements. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fechine, P. B. A.] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Quim Analit & Fis Quim, BR-60451970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Fechine, P. B. A.] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Quim Organ & Inorgan, BR-60451970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Fechine, P. B. A.; Sombra, A. S. B.] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, Lab Telecomunicacoes & Ciencia & Engn Mat, BR-60451970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [de Menezes, A. S.; Cardoso, L. P.] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Derov, J.; Stewart, J. W.; Drehman, A. J.] Sensors Directorate, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Vasconcelos, I. F.] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Mat & Met Engn, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. RP Fechine, PBA (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Quim Analit & Fis Quim, Campus Pici,CP 12100, BR-60451970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM fechine@ufc.br RI Ayala, Alejandro/A-7518-2008; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/J-4630-2016; Vasconcelos, Igor/G-6800-2012; Sombra, Antonio /B-2963-2013; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; UFC, DF/E-1564-2017; Cardoso, Lisandro/G-5766-2012; Silva, Eder/H-3653-2012; Fechine, Pierre/B-7937-2013; 8, INCT/H-6363-2013; 51, INCT/H-6644-2013; Fotonica, INCT/H-9159-2013; Nanobiosimes, Inct/K-2263-2013; de Menezes, Alan Silva/N-1415-2014 OI Ayala, Alejandro/0000-0002-9247-6780; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/0000-0002-9247-6780; Vasconcelos, Igor/0000-0002-6172-805X; Cardoso, Lisandro/0000-0003-3910-2293; Fechine, Pierre/0000-0002-7822-2354; NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN PY 2009 VL 70 IS 1 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.10.008 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 395YH UT WOS:000262558900033 ER PT J AU Chang, PP Hansen, NA Phoenix, RD Schneid, TR AF Chang, Paul P. Hansen, Nancy A. Phoenix, Rodney D. Schneid, Thomas R. TI The Effects of Primers and Surface Bonding Characteristics on the Adhesion of Polyurethane to Two Commonly Used Silicone Elastomers SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS-IMPLANT ESTHETIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE Polyurethane silicone; Sofreliner; maxillofacial; A-2000; MDX4-4210; Tokuyama; Mucopren; Tokuyama Sofreliner MS; Tokuyama Sofreliner T; T-peel test; interfacial peel distance AB Purpose: When restoring facial defects, maxillofacial prosthodontists and anaplastologists are often limited by material deficiencies. Silicone elastomers bonded to a polyurethane liner best satisfy the functional and esthetic requirements necessary for facial prostheses; however, patients using silicone prostheses with polyurethane liners often experience varying degrees of debonding at the polyurethane-silicone interfaces. This may result in failure of such prostheses. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of five primers on bonding between polyurethane and two commonly used silicone elastomers. Material and Methods: Six bonding regimens were used to join polyurethane and silicone materials. Each treatment group consisted of 12 specimens. Bonding regimens included (1) a 40: 60 mixture of MDX4-4210 and Silastic Medical Adhesive Type A, in conjunction with Dow Corning 1205 primer (Udagama's technique); (2) silicone A-2000 with Dow Corning 1205 primer; (3) silicone A-2000 with A-330-G primer; (4) silicone A-2000 with Mucopren primer; (5) silicone A-2000 with Sofreliner T primer; and (6) silicone A-2000 with Sofreliner MS primer. Following fabrication, specimens were attached to a universal testing machine and separated in tension at a crosshead speed of 25.4 mm/min. One examiner performed the assessment of T-peel strength (N/mm), peak load (N), and peel distance (mm) for all specimens. Mean data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's protected significant difference multiple comparison of the means (alpha = 0.05). Results: A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in T-peel strength was found among specimen groups. Post hoc analysis indicated that Sofreliner MS primer (1.32 +/- 0.13 N/mm) and Sofreliner T primer (1.25 +/- 0.11 N/mm) increased the bond strengths significantly compared to A-330-G primer (0.91 +/- 0.10 N/mm) and Udagama's technique (0.13 +/- 0.02 N/mm). Cohesive failure between silicone A-2000 and polyurethane liner was observed when Sofreliner MS primer and Sofreliner T were used. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the use of Sofreliner MS primer and Sofreliner T primer produced significant increases in the bond strength of silicone elastomer to polyurethane liner material. Based on T-peel strength, peel distance, and peak load data, the combination of silicone A-2000 and Sofreliner MS primer resulted in the greatest mean bond strength for silicone-to-polyurethane applications. C1 [Chang, Paul P.; Hansen, Nancy A.; Phoenix, Rodney D.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Prosthodont, San Antonio, TX USA. [Schneid, Thomas R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, United States Air Force Prosthodont Residency Pro, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Chang, PP (reprint author), UTHSCSA Grad Prosthodont, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM changpp@uthscsa.edu FU ACP FX Research supported in part by an ACP Research Fellowship 3M/ESPE Grant. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1059-941X J9 J PROSTHODONT JI J. Prosthodont. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1532-849X.2008.00371.x PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA V17CA UT WOS:000207914100006 PM 19166545 ER PT J AU Blake, WB Johnson, AF AF Blake, William B. Johnson, Arik F. TI Assessment of Straight Tapered Geometry Approximations of Raked-Tip Wings SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Materials in Space Environment/8th Conference on Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Collioure, FRANCE SP ONERA, CNES, ITL, Canadian Space Agcy AB Straight tapered geometry approximations to wings with raked tips art presented. Only wings with breaks in file trailing-edge sweep are considered. Comparisons are made with predictions from a vortex-lattice code for a series of uncumbered. untwisted wing planforms with raked tips and 10 straight tapered approximations to those planforms. Limited comparisons with experimental data are also shown. Lift-curve slope, aerodynamic center, lateral center of pressure, roll damping and lateral stability are compared for 47 planforms, The most accurate method maintained the area, span, leading-edge sweep, and mean aerodynamic chord of the raked-tip planform, generating a new root and tip chord. C1 [Blake, William B.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Johnson, Arik F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20714 USA. RP Blake, WB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, 2210 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.2514/1.36817 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 409UJ UT WOS:000263531000015 ER PT J AU Johnson, AW Michalski, SC Stiegelmeier, A Pope, J Martindale, M AF Johnson, Alan W. Michalski, Sydney C. Stiegelmeier, Adam Pope, John Martindale, Michael TI Modeling Regeneration Time and Ground Support Manpower for a Reusable Launch Vehicle SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Symposium on Materials in Space Environment/8th Conference on Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment CY JUN 19-23, 2006 CL Collioure, FRANCE SP ONERA, CNES, ITL, Canadian Space Agcy AB The military is pursuing a low-cost, responsive reusable launch vehicle that can rapidly place payloads in orbit in response to national defense requirements. The reusable launch vehicle is currently in the early stages of its design phase, when it is critical to assess design alternatives in terms of their operational capabilities as well as their life cycle support requirements. The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory developed the space access vehicles mission and operations simulation (SAVMOS) model suite to assist in evaluating the mission cycle of the reusable launch vehicle. Part of the functionality of SAVMOS is the maintenance, integration, and launch pad operations simulation and test (MILEPOST) model. MILEPOST allows the user to evaluate candidate designs and perform tradeoff studies for the impact of design characteristics on regeneration time and support personnel requirements. We discuss MILEPOST development and present insights on process time and workforce sizing for several design alternatives. C1 [Johnson, Alan W.; Michalski, Sydney C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stiegelmeier, Adam] USAF, Air Mobil Command, Aircraft Maintenance Div, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. [Pope, John] USAF, Finance & Cost Management Branch, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. [Martindale, Michael] USAF, Space & Missile Def Branch, Washington, DC 20050 USA. RP Johnson, AW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.2514/1.34916 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 409UJ UT WOS:000263531000023 ER PT J AU Bulutoglu, DA Ryan, KJ AF Bulutoglu, Dursun A. Ryan, Kenneth J. TI D-optirnal and near D-optimal 2(k) fractional factorial designs of resolution V SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE D-optimal designs; Fedorov exchange algorithm; Orthogonal arrays; Resolution V; Generalized type 1 criterion; Generalized type 2 criterion ID ORTHOGONAL ARRAYS; CONSTRUCTION; ALGORITHMS AB Upper bounds for the determinant of the information matrix of a 2(k) fractional factorial design of resolution V are improved. Highly D-efficient 2(k) fractional factorial designs of resolution V for 3 <= k <= 8 are found using the heuristic algorithms of Nguyen and Miller [1992. A review of some exchange algorithms for constructing discrete D-optimal designs. Comput. Statist. Data Anal. 14,489-498] and Miller and Nguyen [1994. Algorithm AS 295: a Feclorov exchange algorithm for D-optimal designs. Appl. Statist. 43, 669-678]. Some of these designs are shown to be D-optimal or generalized type 1 (type 2) optimal. A method for constructing D-optimal or nearly D-optimal resolution V designs from smaller D-optimal or nearly D-optimal resolution V designs is presented. Lower bounds for D-efficiencies are tabulated. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Bulutoglu, Dursun A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ryan, Kenneth J.] Bowling Green State Univ, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Bulutoglu, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dursun.bulutoglu@afit.edu; kjryan@bgnet.bgsu.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 EI 1873-1171 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 139 IS 1 SI SI BP 16 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2008.05.012 PG 7 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 369QQ UT WOS:000260709400003 ER PT J AU Coletta, D AF Coletta, Damon TI Promoting Peace with Information SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Coletta, Damon] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Coletta, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 5 BP 807 EP 810 PG 4 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 524KT UT WOS:000272142900009 ER PT J AU Marsh, DW Baldwin, RO Mullins, BE Mills, RF Grimaila, MR AF Marsh, David W. Baldwin, Rusty O. Mullins, Barry E. Mills, Robert F. Grimaila, Michael R. TI A security policy language for wireless sensor networks SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Wireless sensor network; Data security; Security policy; Security policy composition AB Authenticated computer system users are only authorized to access certain data within the system. In the future, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) will need to restrict access to data as well. To date, WSN security has largely been based on encryption and authentication schemes. The WSN Authorization Specification Language (WASL) is a mechanism-independent composable WSN policy language that can specify arbitrary and composable security policies that are able to span and integrate multiple WSN policies. Using WASL, a multi-level security policy for a 1000 node network requires only 60 bytes of memory per node. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Marsh, David W.; Baldwin, Rusty O.; Mullins, Barry E.; Mills, Robert F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grimaila, Michael R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baldwin, RO (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rusty.baldwin@afit.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0164-1212 EI 1873-1228 J9 J SYST SOFTWARE JI J. Syst. Softw. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 82 IS 1 SI SI BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.jss.2008.05.010 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 391JZ UT WOS:000262230900008 ER PT J AU Kosaraju, A Vandewalle, KS AF Kosaraju, Amar Vandewalle, Kraig S. TI A comparison of a refrigerant and a topical anesthetic gel as preinjection anesthetics A clinical evaluation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Dental-Research CY APR 02-05, 2008 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Assoc Dent Res DE Pain measurement; palate; anesthetics; local anesthetics; topical anesthetics ID VISUAL ANALOG; PAIN; INJECTIONS; LIDOCAINE; CHILDREN; SCALES; FEAR AB Background. The authors used a split-mouth design to determine the effectiveness of a refrigerant compared with that of a topical anesthetic gel in reducing the pain experienced during a posterior palatal anesthetic injection. Methods. Sixteen participants received a five-second application of a refrigerant (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane/1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and a two-minute application of a topical anesthetic gel (20 percent benzocaine gel) in the posterior palatal area before an injection of a local anesthetic solution was administered with a 30-gauge needle. Participants rated the pain they experienced after each injection by using a 100-millimeter visual analog scale (VAS) with endpoints of "no pain" and "worst possible pain." The authors calculated VAS scores by measuring the distance in millimeters from the no pain end of the scale. They analyzed data with a paired t test (alpha = .05). Results. The group receiving the refrigerant had a mean VAS score of 17.7 +/- 15.3 mm, end the group receiving the topical anesthetic gel had a VAS score of 26.2 +/- 18.0 mm. The use of the refrigerant compared with the use of topical anesthetic gel significantly reduced the pain experienced during administration of local anesthetic injections (P = .02). Conclusions. The use of a refrigerant as a preinjection anesthetic was more effective compared with the use of a topical anesthetic gel in reducing the pain experienced by participants who received a posterior palatal injection. Clinical Implications. The potential benefits of using a refrigerant rather than a topical anesthetic gel are pain reduction, decreased application time, ease of application and avoidance of displeasing taste. C1 [Kosaraju, Amar] Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20332 USA. [Vandewalle, Kraig S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Kosaraju, A (reprint author), Bolling AFB, 579 DS-SGD,238 Brookley Ave, Washington, DC 20332 USA. EM amar.kosaraju@afncr.af.mil NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 140 IS 1 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 392SV UT WOS:000262323400016 PM 19119169 ER PT J AU Kota, KM Chow, LC Du, JH Kapao, JS Leland, QH Harris, RJ AF Kota, Krishna M. Chow, Louis C. Du, Jianhua Kapao, Jayanta S. Leland, Quinn H. Harris, Richard J. TI Numerical Analysis of Heat Storage Phenomenon in a Dual Latent Heat Sink SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 07-10, 2008 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID PHASE-CHANGE PROBLEMS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NATURAL-CONVECTION; VERTICAL SURFACE; ENTHALPY METHOD; CONDENSATION; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; FOAM AB This paper focuses on the numerical analysis of the heat storage phenomenon in a dual latent heat sink intended for low thermal duty cycle electronic heat sink applications. The effectiveness of this heat sink depends on the rapidness of the charging facility in the design during the pulse heat generation period of the duty cycle. Heat storage in this heat sink involves the transient simultaneous laminar film condensation of vapor and melting of an encapsulated phase change material in graphite foam. The key focus of this paper is to numerically analyze this conjugate heat transfer problem including the wall inertia effect and thus verify the effectiveness of the heat storage mechanism of the heat sink. An effective heat capacity formulation is employed for modeling the phase change problem and is solved using the finite element method. The results of the developed model showed that the concept is effective in preventing an undue temperature rise of the system. C1 [Kota, Krishna M.; Chow, Louis C.; Du, Jianhua; Kapao, Jayanta S.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Leland, Quinn H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Harris, Richard J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Kota, KM (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 1 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.2514/1.36386 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 400BH UT WOS:000262842500015 ER PT J AU Johnson, JD Fiala, NJ Ames, FE AF Johnson, J. D. Fiala, N. J. Ames, F. E. TI Gill Slot Trailing Edge Aerodynamics: Effects of Blowing Rate, Reynolds Number, and External Turbulence on Aerodynamic Losses and Pressure Distribution SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article CT 52nd ASME Turbo Expo 2007 CY MAY 14-17, 2007 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst ID FLOW MEASUREMENTS; TURBINE CASCADE; MECHANISMS AB Gill slots (also called cutbacks) are a common method to cool the trailing edge of vanes and blades and to eject spent cooling air Exit surveys detailing total pressure loss, turning angle, and secondary velocities have been acquired for a gill slot vane in a large-scale, low speed cascade facility These measurements are compared with exit surveys of the base (solid) vane configuration. Exit surveys have been taken over a four to one range in chord Reynolds numbers (500,000, 1,000,000, and 2,000,000) based on exit conditions and for low, (0.7%), grid (8.5%), and aerocombustor (13.5%) turbulence conditions with varying blowing rate (50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% design flows). Exit loss, angle, and secondary velocity measurements were acquired in the facility using a five-hole cone probe at two stations representing axial chord spacings of 0.25 and 0.50. Differences between losses with and without the gill slot for a given turbulence condition and Reynolds number are compared providing evidence of coolant ejection losses and losses due to the separation off the gill slot lip. Additionally, differences in the level of losses, distribution of losses, and secondary flow vectors are presented for the different turbulence conditions and at the different Reynolds numbers. The turbulence condition has been found to have only a small effect on the increase in losses due to the gill slot. However, decreasing Reynolds number has been found to produce an increasing increment in losses. The present paper together with a companion paper (2007, "Gill Slot Trailing Edge Heat Transfer-Effects of Blowing Rate, Reynolds Number and External Turbulence on Heat Transfer and Film Cooling Effectiveness" ASME Paper No. GT2007-27397), which documents gill slot heat tran, fer is intended to provide designers with the heat transfer and aerodynamic loss information needed to compare competing trailing edge designs. trailing edge designs. [DOI: 10. 1115/1.2813002] C1 [Johnson, J. D.] USAF, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. [Fiala, N. J.] Univ N Dakota, Energy & Environm Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Ames, F. E.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Mech Engn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Johnson, JD (reprint author), USAF, 518 Combat Sustainment Squadron, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 1 AR 011016 DI 10.1115/1.2813002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 442KL UT WOS:000265840000016 ER PT B AU Randeniya, DIB Gunaratne, M Sarkar, S AF Randeniya, Duminda I. B. Gunaratne, Manjriker Sarkar, Sudeep BE Ganguly, AR Gama, J Omitaomu, OA Gaber, MM Vatsavai, RR TI Fusion of Vision Inertial Data for Automatic Georeferencing SO KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY FROM SENSOR DATA SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Multisensor fusion; inertial vision fusion; intelligent transportation systems AB Intermittent loss of the GPS signal is a common problem encountered in intelligent land navigation based on GPS integrated inertial systems. This issue emphasizes the need for an alternative technology that would ensure smooth and reliable inertial navigation during GPS outages. This paper presents the results of an effort where data from vision and inertial sensors are integrated. However, for such integration one has to first obtain the necessary navigation parameters from the available sensors. Due to the variety in the measurements, separate approaches have to be utilized in estimating the navigation parameters. Information from a sequence of images captured by a monocular camera attached to a survey vehicle at a maximum frequency of three frames per second was used in upgrading the inertial system installed in the same vehicle for its inherent error accumulation. Specifically, the rotations and translations estimated from point correspondences tracked through a sequence of images were used in the integration. Also a prefilter is utilized to smooth out the noise associated with the vision sensor (camera) measurements. Finally, the position locations based on the vision sensor are integrated with the inertial system in a decentralized format using a Kalman filter. The vision/inertial integrated position estimates are successfully compared with those from inertial/GPS system output. This successful comparison demonstrates that vision can be used successfully to supplement the inertial measurements during potential GPS outages. C1 [Sarkar, Sudeep] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Gunaratne, Manjriker] Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Randeniya, Duminda I. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Decis Engn Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gunaratne, Manjriker] NASA, Robert Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Gunaratne, Manjriker] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Randeniya, DIB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Decis Engn Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sarkar, Sudeep/A-8213-2009 OI Sarkar, Sudeep/0000-0001-7332-4207 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8232-6 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 BP 107 EP 130 PG 24 WC Business; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Management SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BJY05 UT WOS:000267390500008 ER PT J AU Oprea-Ilies, GM Kendall, BS Cameron, S Birdsong, G Stelow, EB Pambuccian, SE AF Oprea-Ilies, G. M. Kendall, B. S. Cameron, S. Birdsong, G. Stelow, E. B. Pambuccian, S. E. TI Increase in the LSIL/HSIL Ratio over Time: A Reflection of Effective Screening SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 98th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 07-13, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Emory Univ, Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 89 MA 404 BP 92A EP 92A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 394XK UT WOS:000262486300405 ER PT S AU Roy, S Gurao, N Suwas, S Tamirisakandala, S Srinivasan, R Miracle, DB AF Roy, Shibayan Gurao, Nilesh Suwas, Satyam Tamirisakandala, S. Srinivasan, R. Miracle, D. B. BE Rollett, AD TI TEXTURE EVOLUTION IN BORON MODIFIED TI-6AL-4V ALLOY SO MATERIALS PROCESSING AND TEXTURE SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY JUN 01-06, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Alcoa Technical Ctr ID CAST TITANIUM-ALLOYS; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE; PHASE AB Owing to their high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, titanium (Ti) and its alloys, especially (alpha+beta) alloys like Ti-6Al-4V is the backbone materials for aerospace, energy, and chemical industries. Trace boron addition (similar to 0.1 wt. %) to the alloy Ti-6Al-4V produces a reduction in as-cast grain size by roughly an order of magnitude resulting in enhanced ductility, higher stiffness, strength and good fracture resistance. Boron addition could also affect the evolution of texture and microstructure in the material. The solidification microstructures of Boron free as well as Boron containing Ti-6Al-4V are found to be almost homogeneous from periphery towards the center of as-cast ingot in terms of both alpha-colony size and distribution. Boron addition substantially reduces alpha-colony size (similar to 50-80 mu m). A gradual change in alpha texture from periphery towards the center has been observed with orientations close to specific texture components suggesting the formation of texture zones. The mechanism of texture evolution can be visualized as a result of variant selection during solidification through (alpha+beta) phase field. C1 [Roy, Shibayan; Gurao, Nilesh; Suwas, Satyam] Indian Inst Sci, Lab Texture & Related Studies, Dept Mat Engn, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Tamirisakandala, S.] Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Srinivasan, R.] Wright State Univ, Mech & Mat Engn Dept, Dayton, OH USA. [Miracle, D. B.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Lab Texture & Related Studies, Dept Mat Engn, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RI Gurao, Nilesh/C-6797-2011 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-44419-1; 978-0-470-40834-6 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2009 VL 200 BP 585 EP 592 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BTO68 UT WOS:000287579000063 ER PT B AU Secrest, BR Lamont, GB AF Secrest, Barry R. Lamont, Gary B. GP IEEE TI Multiobjective Tuning of a Multitarget Tracking Algorithm using an Evolutionary Algorithm SO MCDM: 2009 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP IEEE DE Multitarget Tracking; Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm; Monte Carlo Analysis; Kalman Filter AB Multitarget tracking MTT algorithms have been tuned by a variety of optimization methods using a single objective, but only recently have they been tuned with multiobjectives techique. The desire to compare single-objective MTT algorithms using numerous metrics is well documented in the literature for over a decade. We discuss an experiment to quantify the need or lack of need for Monte Carlo (MC) runs in tuning the parameters of a MTT algorithm using some of these metrics. The extreme computational requirement of running a MTT MC experiment for each individual evaluation function drives the need to determine the worth of doing so. The results of using a single run are compared to that of using a MC evaluation with multiple runs as compared to a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm approach. Additional analysis is performed on the search space demonstrating other useful information the decision maker may use to select an optimal operating point from a calculated Pareto Front. C1 [Secrest, Barry R.; Lamont, Gary B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn,WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. RP Secrest, BR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn,WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. EM Barry.Secrest@AFIT.edu; Gary.Lamont@AFIT.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2764-2 PY 2009 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BME60 UT WOS:000272028200008 ER PT B AU Jade, A Madria, SK Linderman, M AF Jade, Anil Madria, Sanjay Kumar Linderman, Mark GP IEEE TI Incentive Based Routing Protocol for Mobile Peer to Peer Networks SO MDM: 2009 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE DATA MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Mobile Data Management CY MAY 18-20, 2009 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Comp Sci ID MODEL AB Incentive models are becoming increasingly popular in Mobile Peer to Peer Networks (M-P2P) as these models entice node participation in return for a virtual currency to combat free riding and to effectively manage constraint resources in the network. Many routing protocols proposed are based on best effort data traffic policy, such as the shortest route selection (hop minimization). Using virtual currency to find a cost effective optimal route from the source to the destination, while considering Quality of Service (QoS) aspects such as bandwidth and service capacity constraints for data delivery, remains a challenging task due to the presence of multiple paths and service providers. Modeling the network as a directed weighted graph and using the cost acquired from the price function as an incentive to pay the intermediate nodes in M-P2P networks to forward data, we develop a Game theoretic approach based on stochastic games to find an optimal route considering QoS aspect. The performance of our routing protocol is evaluated and compared with some existing routing protocols and the result shows that our protocol proves to be efficient compared to shortest-path DSR and multiple paths SMR in terms of average response time, energy and bandwidth utilization in the network. C1 [Jade, Anil; Madria, Sanjay Kumar] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Linderman, Mark] Air Force Res Lab, Rone, NY USA. RP Jade, A (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM akjbnd@mst.edu; madrias@mst.edu; mark.linderman@rl.af.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4153-2 PY 2009 BP 285 EP + DI 10.1109/MDM.2009.42 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BMZ49 UT WOS:000273978000032 ER PT S AU Braun, JC Ruggles-Wrenn, MB AF Braun, J. C. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. BE Salem, J Hilmas, G Fahrenholtz, W Ohji, T Wereszczak, A TI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND STEAM ENVIRONMENT ON CREEP BEHAVIOR OF AN OXIDE-OXIDE CERAMIC COMPOSITE SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PROCESSING OF CERAMIC BINARY,TERNARY, AND COMPOSITE SYSTEMS SE CERAMIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 27-FEB 01, 2008 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACerS Engn Ceram Div ID BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POROUS-MATRIX; WATER-VAPOR; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; CRACK-PROPAGATION; FIBER COMPOSITES; STRESS-CORROSION; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; COATING CONCEPTS AB The tensile creep behavior of an oxide-oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite (CFCC) was investigated at 1000 and 1100 degrees C in laboratory air and in steam. The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with laminated. woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers, has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. The tensile stress-strain behavior was investigated and the tensile properties measured. Tensile creep behavior was examined for creep stresses in the 80-150 MPa range. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in creep tests at all temperatures investigated. Creep rates increased with increasing temperature and creep stress. The presence of steam accelerated creep rates and dramatically reduced creep life. The detrimental effects of steam become progressively more pronounced with increasing temperature. At 1000 degrees C, creep run-out defined as 100 h at creep stress was achieved in all tests. At 1100 degrees C, creep run-out was achieved in all tests in air and only in the 100 MPa test in steam. The residual strength and modulus of all specimens that achieved run-out were characterized. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. C1 [Braun, J. C.; Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-34492-7 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 151 EP 166 DI 10.1002/9780470456361.ch15 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJE30 UT WOS:000265134900015 ER PT J AU Ross, NC Mishra, RS Senkov, ON Miracle, DB AF Ross, Neal C. Mishra, Rajiv S. Senkov, Oleg N. Miracle, Daniel B. TI Observation of Shear Thickening during Compressive Flow of Mg54Y11Ag7Cu28 in the Supercooled Liquid Region SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB Uniaxial compression tests of Mg54Y11Ag7Cu28 metallic glass were performed in the supercooled liquid region (SCLR) (468 K) at a strain rate range of 5 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(3) s(-1). In the course of testing, shear thickening behavior was observed, where the magnitude of the peak stress increases with increasing initial strain rate. The deformation behavior of the glassy metal is discussed with emphasis on the commonly reported stress overshoot, strain softening behavior, and the previously unreported shear thickening behavior observed. C1 [Ross, Neal C.; Mishra, Rajiv S.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Ross, Neal C.; Mishra, Rajiv S.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Aerosp Mfg Technol, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Senkov, Oleg N.; Miracle, Daniel B.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ross, NC (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM rsmishra@mst.edu RI Mishra, Rajiv/A-7985-2009; Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Mishra, Rajiv/0000-0002-1699-0614; Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-04-C-704]; AF [FA8650-04-D-5233] FX The authors thank Dr. S. Reis for his assistance with the DTA work reported in this study selection. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the Air Force Research Laboratory through Contract No. FA8650-04-C-704 and the AF contract FA8650-04-D-5233. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 40A IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9711-2 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 379QS UT WOS:000261411900001 ER PT J AU Hwang, JY Banerjee, R Tiley, J Srinivasan, R Viswanathan, GB Fraser, HL AF Hwang, J. Y. Banerjee, R. Tiley, J. Srinivasan, R. Viswanathan, G. B. Fraser, H. L. TI Nanoscale Characterization of Elemental Partitioning between Gamma and Gamma Prime Phases in Rene 88 DT Nickel-Base Superalloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATOM-PROBE TOMOGRAPHY; MORPHOLOGY; MISMATCH; HARDNESS AB The chemical partitioning of alloying elements between the disordered gamma and ordered gamma' phases in the nickel-base superalloy Rene 88 DT, has been characterized in detail using three-dimensional atom probe tomography (3DAP) coupled with energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) studies. After a homogenization treatment followed by a water quench, it is observed that the morphology of the gamma' precipitates remains near spherical even after long aging times. Compositional variation, observed between small (< 5 nm) and larger gamma' precipitates, reduces with increasing aging time, while the compositional gradient across the gamma/gamma' interface decreases. The process of growth of c gamma' precipitates seems to occur through coalescence of adjacent gamma' precipitates, facilitated through the formation of "necks'' between adjacent precipitates. These necks are observed to have intermediate elemental concentration values between the matrix and the gamma' precipitate compositions. C1 [Hwang, J. Y.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Srinivasan, R.; Viswanathan, G. B.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Hwang, JY (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM rajarshi.banerjee@unt.edu FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0193] FX The authors acknowledge the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0193) for providing financial support for this study. In addition, the authors gratefully acknowledge the Center for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) at the University of North Texas and the Center for the Accelerated Maturation of Materials (CAMM) at Ohio State University for access to the experimental facilities used for this study. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 40A IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9691-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 379QS UT WOS:000261411900003 ER PT B AU Slocik, JM Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. BE Rege, K Medintz, IL TI Peptide-Nanoparticle Assemblies SO METHODS IN BIOENGINEERING: NANOSCALE BIOENGINEERING AND NANOMEDICINE SE Artech House Methods in Bioengineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE peptides; biomimetic synthesis; assembly; nanoparticle ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES; PROTEIN; NANOSTRUCTURES; BIOMOLECULES; NANOSHELLS; DNA AB Unlike material science where there is a general lack of control, poorly assembled structures, and high levels of impurities; biology uses precise molecular and genetic control to guide the assembly of complex nanostructures and shapes via proteins/peptides. Experimentally, this is appealing given that proteins or peptides can be used to functionalize a nanoparticle surface and promote assembly through peptide-peptide interactions, formation of supra-molecular structures, and/or recognition of specialized targets. In this chapter, we describe the use of peptides for the controlled assembly of nanoparticles with regard to different, types of interfaces, resulting nanostructures, and enhanced properties. C1 [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ARTECH HOUSE PI NORWOOD PA 685 CANTON ST, NORWOOD, MA 02062 USA BN 978-1-59693-410-8 J9 ARTECH HSE METH BIOE JI Art. Hse. Meth. Bioengr. Ser. PY 2009 BP 25 EP 38 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKZ87 UT WOS:000269709900002 ER PT B AU Metzler, JM Linderman, MH Seversky, LM AF Metzler, James M. Linderman, Mark H. Seversky, Lee M. GP IEEE TI N-CET: NETWORK-CENTRIC EXPLOITATION AND TRACKING SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB The Network-Centric Exploitation and Tracking (N-CET) program is a research effort to enhance intelligence exploitation in a tactical environment by cross-cueing sensors and fusing data from on-board sources with processed information from off-board platforms and sharing the resulting products in a net-centric manner. At the core of N-CET are information management services that decouple data producers and consumers, allowing reconfiguration to suit mission needs. Network-centric algorithms utilize the availability of information from both homogeneous and complementary on-board and off-board sensors. Organic capabilities facilitate the extraction of actionable information from high bandwidth sensor data and ensure the necessary information arrives at other platforms and users in a timely manner. This paper provides an overview of the N-CET architecture and the sensors and algorithms currently implemented upon it. The extent to which such algorithms are enhanced in a network-centric environment is discussed and the challenges of managing the resulting dynamic information space in a tactical publish/subscribe/query model are presented. C1 [Metzler, James M.; Linderman, Mark H.; Seversky, Lee M.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Metzler, JM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM james.metzler@rl.af.mil; mark.linderman@rl.af.mil; lee.seversky@rl.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 137 EP 143 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509900020 ER PT B AU Pack, D Dudevoir, G Lima, P Gruber, S AF Pack, Daniel Dudevoir, Glen Lima, Pedro Gruber, Scott GP IEEE TI Negotiating between Communication and Cooperation for Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE DE cooperative control; communication network AB The emerging technologies of multiple, cooperative unmanned systems have brought in an exciting period of possibilities, possibilities of solving challenging problems in medical, social, engineering, and military communities. The technologies have also introduced a growing number of new challenges such as resource allocation, communication and coordination, establishment of consensus, and control optimization among cooperative systems. In this paper, we address one of these challenges for cooperative unmanned aerial systems (UASs): trade-off between maintaining communication reliability among, and collective target search efforts by, a team of unmanned systems. We evaluate the impact on the overall search capability of a cooperative system when the movements of its members are constrained due to the requirement of communication reliability. Our comparative study is based on an adaptation of work reported in [3] and we show our findings using simulation and flight experiment results. C1 [Pack, Daniel; Dudevoir, Glen; Lima, Pedro; Gruber, Scott] USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pack, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM daniel.pack@usafa.edu; glen.dudevoir@usafa.edu; pedro.lima@usafa.edu; scott.gruber@usafa.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 367 EP 372 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509900053 ER PT B AU Gocmen, M Hopkinson, K Compton, M AF Gocmen, Murat Hopkinson, Kenneth Compton, Matthew GP IEEE TI THE BENEFITS OF A NETWORK TASKING ORDER IN COMBAT SEARCH AND RESCUE MISSIONS SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB Networked communications play a crucial role in United States Armed Forces operations. As the military moves towards more network centric (Net-Centric) operations, it becomes increasingly important to use the network as effectively as possible with respect to the overall mission. This article advocates the use of a Network Tasking Order (NTO), which allows operators to reason about the network based on asset movement, capabilities, and communication requirements. The NTO is similar to the Air Tasking Order, which gives insight into the plan for physical assets in a military mission. In this paper we illustrate the benefit of an NTO in a Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) scenario. While demonstrating the CSAR mission, we assume the use of the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) for communication. Our premise is that the knowledge in an NTO can be used to achieve better CSAR missions and yield better decision-making opportunities to the mission commanders. Our results show that the End-to-End (ETE) delay with the aid of an NTO in high traffic conditions is shorter compared to those without the NTO and bandwidth requirements are also lower. In low traffic conditions, the ETE delay is shorter without the aid of an NTO, but at the cost of higher bandwidth utilization. C1 [Gocmen, Murat; Hopkinson, Kenneth; Compton, Matthew] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gocmen, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 739 EP 745 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509900108 ER PT S AU Zhou, BA Tiwari, A Zhu, KL Lu, Y Gerla, M Ganguli, A Shen, BH Krzysiak, D AF Zhou, Biao Tiwari, Abhishek Zhu, Konglin Lu, You Gerla, Mario Ganguli, Anurag Shen, Bao-hong Krzysiak, David GP IEEE TI GEO-BASED INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING (GIDR) PROTOCOL FOR MANETS SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB Inter-domain routing for MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) draws increasing attention because of military and vehicular applications. The existing Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de facto inter-domain routing protocol for the Internet. But BGP is not applicable to MANETs because the BGP design is based on a static Internet which does not support dynamic discovery of members, and cannot scale to mobile, dynamic topology environments. The proposed geo-based inter-domain routing (GIDR) protocol obtains efficient communications among MANETs and achieves scalability in large networks by using geo-routing packet forwarding scheme and clustering technique. The basic structure of GIDR is clusters in each domain. The distributed clustering algorithm elects within each domain a Cluster Head (CH). The cluster head in the subnet acts as local DNS for own cluster and also (redundantly) for neighbor clusters. The cluster head advertises to neighbors and the rest of the network its connectivity, members, and domain information. The advertising protocol plays the role of BG Protocol. Geo-routing is the main packet forwarding scheme in GIDR. Assuming that all nodes are equipped with GPS, greedy forwarding is a straightforward routing scheme and can be easily standardized and implemented in all "coalition" nodes. Moreover, it is inherently scalable and is "address" independent (thus, it works across domain boundaries). If greedy forwarding fails, the packet is "directionally" forwarded to the "most promising" node along the advertised direction, i.e., direction forwarding. The experiments have shown that the proposed inter-domain routing has achieved scalability and robustness to mobility. The simulation results with Airborne Backbone Network, an important application domain in Military, as one of the domains are also presented in the paper. C1 [Zhou, Biao; Zhu, Konglin; Gerla, Mario] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Lu, You] Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Beijing 100876, Peoples R China. [Krzysiak, David] Air Force Res Lab, Rome Res Site RIGC Networking Techn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tiwari, A (reprint author), UtopiaCompression Corp, 11150 Olymp Blvd,Suite 680, Los Angeles, CA 90064 USA. EM abhishek@utopiacompression.com; anurag@utopiacompression.com; bao@utopiacompression.com FU Air Force under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II program; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Rome Lab [FA8750-08-C-0127] FX The work presented in this paper is sponsored in part by the Air Force under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II program, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Rome Lab contract number FA8750-08-C-0127. This work was in collaboration with Professor Mario Gerla and his team under a subcontract to GPC. The authors would also like to thank MITRE Corporation, Bedford, MA for their guidance. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 857 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509900126 ER PT S AU Tiwari, A Ganguli, A Kothari, A Avadhanam, S Yadegar, J Compton, M Hopkinson, K AF Tiwari, A. Ganguli, A. Kothari, A. Avadhanam, S. Yadegar, J. Compton, M. Hopkinson, K. GP IEEE TI FEASIBILITY OF COMMUNICATION PLANNING IN AIRBORNE NETWORKS USING MISSION INFORMATION SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB The Department of Defense (DoD) is making strides toward Network Centric Warfare. In modern warfare, information superiority and situational awareness is vital to superiority on the battlefield. That is, whoever can pass relevant information between war fighters in a more timely and efficient manner is more likely to succeed. Therefore, the concept of communication planning for DoD missions should become as critical as mission planning itself Over the years there has been significant research in many areas of mission planning, and most DoD missions are executed in a planned manner. The authors of this paper have in the past independently argued that the availability of mission plans can greatly improve communication planning. For this paper, we team up and closely examine how mission plans can be made available for efficient communication planning from a logistics point of view. In particular, we use the domain of the military Airborne Network (AN) as an example. We consider various degrees of mission information available in different AN missions and present case studies using simulation on the kind of communication planning possible with the given information. C1 [Tiwari, A.; Ganguli, A.; Kothari, A.; Avadhanam, S.; Yadegar, J.] UtopiaCompression Corp, 11150 W Olymp Blvd,680, Los Angeles, CA 90064 USA. [Compton, M.; Hopkinson, K.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tiwari, A (reprint author), UtopiaCompression Corp, 11150 W Olymp Blvd,680, Los Angeles, CA 90064 USA. EM abhishek@utopiacompression.com; anurag@utopiacompression.com; aditya@utopiacompression.com; sharath@utopiacompression.com; joseph@utopiacompression.com; mcompton@afit.edu; khopkins@afit.edu FU Air Force Small Business Innovation Research Phase II program; Air Force Research Laboratory at Rome Lab [FA8750-08-C-0127]; UtopiaCompression Corporation; MITRE Corporation, Bedford, MA FX The work presented in this paper was sponsored in part by the Air Force Small Business Innovation Research Phase II program, Air Force Research Laboratory at Rome Lab contract number FA8750-08-C-0127 to UtopiaCompression Corporation. UtopiaCompression would also like to thank MITRE Corporation, Bedford, MA for their guidance. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 1233 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509900182 ER PT S AU Laffely, A Ramakrishnan, B Timmerman, C Yao, HA Hillger, J AF Laffely, Andrew Ramakrishnan, Balasubramanian Timmerman, Chayil Yao, Huan Hillger, Jason GP IEEE TI IMPLEMENTING EXTREME UPSAMPLING FILTERS WITH A MULTIPLY-LESS ARCHITECTURE SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB For ease of implementation, communications systems have been steadily converted to digital implementations. FPGA technologies and high-quality, high-speed DACs have enabled this trend. While this is commonly done for modern high bit-rate communications systems, legacy systems like the MIL-STD-188-165A modem are not often considered. One issue is the need to up-sample these slower standards by factors of tens of thousands in order to interface them with the modulation system. This paper presents an architectural case study on the implementation of a direct digital synthesis MIL-STD-188-165A modem. It briefly describes a multiplyless single stage filter architecture with unlimited up-sampling capabilities. The filter implements a Farrow type design. By selecting the appropriate filter coefficients from a set of look-up-tables (L UT) the filter can be designed to suppress harmonic distortion below the required filter mask. Mathematical evaluation of these properties proves that a reasonable size LUT of 1024x14 bits is sufficient to suppress harmonics below 60dB. A full analysis of harmonic suppression vs. LUT size is included to extend this work beyond the MIL-STD-188-165A case study! C1 [Laffely, Andrew] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ramakrishnan, Balasubramanian] Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA USA. [Timmerman, Chayil; Yao, Huan; Hillger, Jason] MIT Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA USA. RP Laffely, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU United States Air Force under Air Force [FA8721-05-C-0002] FX This work is sponsored by the United States Air Force under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those ofthe authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 1499 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509901018 ER PT S AU Kumar, S Janarthanan, A Shakeel, MM Maroo, S Matyjas, JD Medley, M AF Kumar, Sunil Janarthanan, Aparna Shakeel, Mohammed Muslehuddin Maroo, Swati Matyjas, John D. Medley, Michael GP IEEE TI ROBUST H.264/AVC VIDEO CODING WITH PRIORITY CLASSIFICATION, ADAPTIVE NALU SIZE AND FRAGMENTATION SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB In this paper, we discuss a novel priority assignment and packetization scheme to transport H.264/AVC video packets over wireless networks. Specifically, we discuss a comprehensive packet priority assignment scheme for unequal error protection, followed by the use of adaptive network abstraction layer unit (NALU) sizes and NALU fragmentation schemes. These schemes use the standard-compliant decoder with various H.264/AVC error resiliency features. Our simulation results demonstrate that these schemes improve the PSNR performance of test video sequences in the presence of packet losses. C1 [Kumar, Sunil; Janarthanan, Aparna; Shakeel, Mohammed Muslehuddin; Maroo, Swati] San Diego State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Matyjas, John D.; Medley, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Kumar, S (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM skumar@mail.sdsu.edu; aparnajan@gmail.com; shakeel12@gmail.com; maroo@rohan.sdsu.edu; john.matyjas@rl.af.mil; mike.medley@rl.af.mil NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 1702 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509901048 ER PT S AU Le, T Kuthethoor, G Hansupichon, C Sesha, P Strohm, J Hadynski, G Kiwior, D Parker, D AF Le, Tuong Kuthethoor, Giri Hansupichon, Chokchai Sesha, Prakash Strohm, John Hadynski, Gregory Kiwior, Diane Parker, David GP IEEE TI RELIABLE USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL FOR AIRBORNE NETWORK SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE DE Reliable UDP; transport protocol; airborne network AB Applications operating over airborne networks are known to perform quite sub-optimally. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) based applications often experience very low data throughput [1], while the User Data gram Protocol (UDP) based applications suffer high packet loss as well as out-of-order delivery [2]. This is due to the high Bit Error Rate (BER) nature of the wireless links and the high mobility of airborne nodes. Though TCP and UDP have performed well in wired networks, their original design did not take into consideration the characteristics seen in airborne networks thus resulting in their relatively poor performance. In this research, we implemented an OPNET model of the Reliable User Datagram Protocol (RUDP) as proposed in the IETF Internet-Draft in 1999 [3] with extensions to take into consideration the nature of airborne network characteristics. We then analyzed the performance and its applicability to airborne network scenarios. We also provide performance comparison of the enhanced RUDP against the TCP, UDP, and the standard RUDP counterparts. C1 [Le, Tuong; Kuthethoor, Giri; Hansupichon, Chokchai; Sesha, Prakash; Strohm, John] Lockheed Martin IS&GS, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Hadynski, Gregory] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Kiwior, Diane] MITRE, Bedford, MA USA. [Parker, David] Elect Syst Ctr, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Le, T (reprint author), Lockheed Martin IS&GS, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM tuong.le@lmco.com; giri.kuthethoor@lmco.com; chokchai.hansupichon@lmco.com; prakash.m.sesha@lmco.com; john.strohm@lmco.com; greg.hadynski@rl.af.mil; dkiwior@mitre.org; david.parker.ctr@hanscom.af.mill NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 2017 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509901096 ER PT S AU Cunningham, J Foulke, D Goode, T Baber, D Gaughan, B Fletcher, M Young, DW Juarez, JC Sluz, JE Riggins, JL AF Cunningham, James Foulke, Dennis Goode, Tim Baber, Dan Gaughan, Brian Fletcher, Matthew Young, David W. Juarez, Juan C. Sluz, Joseph E. Riggins, James L., II GP IEEE TI LONG RANGE FIELD TESTING OF FREE SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS TERMINALS ON MOBILE PLATFORMS SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB Ground and air testing of mobile FALCON free-space optical (FSO) communications terminals was performed in New Mexico by ITT Corporation, JHU/APL and AFRL. The testing verified the operation of the terminals pointing, acquisition, tracking and data transmission for ground to ground link distances up to 36 km and air to air and air to ground link distances up to 65 km. The FALCON terminals have a nominal 2.5 gbps bidirectional data link. Packet goodput was generally 90% or better for the tests. Data will be presented on the pointing and acquisition sequence, tracking performance, received power and packet throughput. In addition, analysis of the atmospheric conditions and a comparison of actual performance to expected performance will be presented. C1 [Cunningham, James; Foulke, Dennis; Goode, Tim; Baber, Dan; Gaughan, Brian; Fletcher, Matthew] ITT Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Young, David W.; Juarez, Juan C.; Sluz, Joseph E.; Riggins, James L., II] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Young, David W.; Juarez, Juan C.; Sluz, Joseph E.; Riggins, James L., II] US Air Force, Air Force Res Lab RYJM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cunningham, J (reprint author), ITT Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 2146 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509901116 ER PT B AU Honore, AA Thomas, RW Martin, RK Kurkowski, SH AF Honore, Augustine A. Thomas, Ryan W. Martin, Richard K. Kurkowski, Stuart H. GP IEEE TI IMPLEMENTATION OF COLLABORATIVE RF LOCALIZATION USING A SOFTWAREDEFINED RADIO NETWORK SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB Current US. military pursuits, such as the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS), are based on a software-defined radio (SDR) system. These kinds of systems use the flexibility of software to make old and new radio technology interoperable. Co-existence of different radio technologies has the potential to be a force enabler, but it still falls short, particularly for military operations in which failure to co-exist can cause interference fratricide between allied radios. We designed a collaborative network of cognitive radios derived from flexible, commercially-available SDRs. Using a network of SDRs as an experimental test bed, we implemented a detection and RF characterization algorithm, gathering signal data from multiple spatially diverse points in the network. This provided three main contributions: determining the process for pre-characterizing the SDRs; developing the measurement procedure for effective transmitter detection and estimation; and identifiring effective real-world network topologies. C1 [Honore, Augustine A.; Thomas, Ryan W.; Martin, Richard K.; Kurkowski, Stuart H.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Honore, AA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 2170 EP 2176 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509901119 ER PT S AU Benvegnu, E Sun, N Hanna, J Combs, V Winkler, R Kovach, J AF Benvegnu, Erika Sun, Niranjan Hanna, James Combs, Vaughn Winkler, Robert Kovach, Jesse GP IEEE TI IMPROVING TIMELINESS AND RELIABILITY OF DATA DELIVERY IN TACTICAL WIRELESS ENVIRONMENTS WITH MOCKETS COMMUNICATIONS LIBRARY SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB Network centric warfare relies on the timely and reliable delivery of data to disparate cooperating nodes in tactical networking environments. Given the limited bandwidth available and the unreliability of network links, data often accumulates in application and/or network queues, resulting in increased latency in the delivery of the data. The Mockets communications library addresses this problem via dynamic message replacement. The message replacement functionality of Mockets allows the system to drop all but the most recent message within a specific message flow by removing older, outdated messages from the queues. This paper describes and evaluates, in the context of the U.S. Air Force's Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) system, the timeliness of end-to-end delivery of data using the Mockets library. In addition to dynamic message replacement, other capabilities in the Mockets library include options for reliable vs. unreliable and sequenced vs. unsequenced delivery of data, detailed statistics and feedback regarding the connection, and assignment and dynamic adjustment of priorities of messages. This paper provides a qualitative analysis of these different capabilities and their suitability to address the transport requirements in JBI It also provides a quantitative comparison of Mockets with SCTP and SCPS-TP, which are similar technologies with existing available candidate implementations. Our results show that the Mockets library with the message replacement significantly outperforms these other transport protocols. C1 [Benvegnu, Erika; Sun, Niranjan] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. [Hanna, James; Combs, Vaughn] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Winkler, Robert; Kovach, Jesse] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Benvegnu, E (reprint author), Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-04-2-0013]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory under Collaborative Technology Alliance Program [DAAD19-01-2-0009]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-06-2-0064] FX This work is supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-04-2-0013, by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program, Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-01-2-0009, and by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement FA8750-06-2-0064. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 2506 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509901169 ER PT S AU Scrofano, R Anderson, PR Seidel, JP Train, JD Wang, GH Abramowitz, LR Bannister, JA Borgeson, D AF Scrofano, Ronald Anderson, Paul R. Seidel, Jorge P. Train, Joshua D. Wang, Grace H. Abramowitz, Lyle R. Bannister, Joseph A. Borgeson, David GP IEEE TI SPACE-BASED LOCAL AREA NETWORK SO MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2009) CY OCT 18-21, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE AB With the phenomenal success and productivity of terrestrial networks, there is interest in using similar technology in space. For instance, there currently are projects aimed at deploying Internet routers in space. In this paper, we discuss the general concept of connecting a cluster of satellites with a local area network. We discuss the advantages and challenges of such a network, as well as possible missions. We also describe a specific implementation that would connect a cluster of geosynchronous satellites with a network based on the IEEE standard 802.16 protocol. We also describe our testbed and the terrestrial experiments that we are performing to validate our approach. C1 [Scrofano, Ronald; Anderson, Paul R.; Seidel, Jorge P.; Train, Joshua D.; Wang, Grace H.; Abramowitz, Lyle R.; Bannister, Joseph A.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Borgeson, David] US Air Force, Space & Missile Syst Ctr, El Segundo, CA USA. RP Scrofano, R (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-5238-5 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2009 BP 2598 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQA52 UT WOS:000280509901181 ER PT J AU Kennedy, KT Deckro, RF Chrissis, JW Wiley, VD AF Kennedy, Kevin T. Deckro, Richard F. Chrissis, James W. Wiley, Victor D. TI On Modeling and Analyzing Multi-Layered Networks SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Current infrastructure network models often do not directly account for the interdependent nature of infrastructure networks. Infrastructure networks are generally modeled individually, as an isolated network or with minimal recognition of interactions. This paper develops a methodology to model the individual infrastructure network types while explicitly modeling their interconnected effects. The model is built with two sets of variables; the original network variables which model the infrastructure characteristics and an additional set capturing interdependent elements. This formulation may then be decomposed by variable type and solved to optimality using a Benders' Partitioning based solution approach. C1 [Kennedy, Kevin T.; Wiley, Victor D.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kennedy, KT (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.kennedy.4@us.af.mil; Richard.deckro@afit.edu; james.chrissis@afit.edu; Victor.Wiley@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2009 VL 14 IS 3 BP 53 EP 66 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 541NQ UT WOS:000273422800003 ER PT J AU Warm, JS Matthews, G Parasuraman, R AF Warm, Joel S. Matthews, Gerald Parasuraman, Raja TI Cerebral Hemodynamics and Vigilance Performance SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; TASK; WORKLOAD; STRESS; BRAIN; MODALITY; TIME AB Five studies are described using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to examine brain systems in vigilance. The results indicate that the vigilance decrement, the temporal decline that typifies vigilance performance, is paralleled by a decline in cerebral blood flow velocity as indexed by TCD. In addition, both measures showed greater activity in the right than in the left cerebral hemisphere in response to a variety of psychophysical challenges, indicating a right hemispheric system in control of vigilance performance. The TCD measure was also found to be potentially useful in selecting observers for vigilance assignments. C1 [Matthews, Gerald] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Parasuraman, Raja] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Warm, Joel S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Warm, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711 Human Performance Wing RHC,Bldg 248,Room 205,, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jswarm@fuse.net NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2009 VL 21 BP 75 EP 100 AR PII 908215042 DI 10.1080/08995600802554706 PG 26 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 400IC UT WOS:000262860300009 ER PT J AU Operea-Ilies, GM Kendall, BS Cameron, S Birdsong, G Stelow, EB Pambuccian, SE AF Operea-Ilies, G. M. Kendall, B. S. Cameron, S. Birdsong, G. Stelow, E. B. Pambuccian, S. E. TI Increase in the LSIL/HSIL Ratio over Time: A Reflection of Effective Screening SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 98th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 07-13, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Emory Univ, Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 MA 404 BP 92A EP 92A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 393KF UT WOS:000262371500405 ER PT S AU Langley, D Starman, LA Coutu, RA Rogers, S AF Langley, Derrick Starman, LaVern A. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Rogers, Stanley BE Dickensheets, DL Schenk, H Piyawattanametha, W TI Thermally-actuated micro-shutter for MOEMS applications SO MOEMS AND MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems VIII CY JAN 27-28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Texas Instruments Inc, NanoInk Inc, Boston Univ, Photonics Ctr, Ozen Engineering Inc DE MOEMS; optical shutters; actuators; electrostatics; thermal actuation AB This paper will investigate a novel thermally actuated micro-shutter design for micro-optical-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) applications. The use of actuators in optical systems has improved with new developments in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) designs for use as components in optical systems. Thermal actuators provide a novel approach to scaling MOEMS to reduce size, weight and power of optical systems. Through the investigation of an aluminum electro-thermal actuator, we developed an in-house fabrication method which operates at less than one volt to aid in reducing the size, weight, and power of the optical system. This paper discusses several challenges and opportunities that may arise from the fabrication of thermally actuated micro-shutter designs which can help improve the actuator's uniformity, reproducibility, and reliability. In addition, we discuss the characterization of the thermal actuator micro-shutter to include mechanical, electrical and optical properties. The "switching" speed of the thermal actuator will also be assessed from a scaling perspective to determine usability. C1 [Langley, Derrick; Starman, LaVern A.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Langley, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7454-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7208 AR 720809 DI 10.1117/12.809776 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BST73 UT WOS:000285753800008 ER PT J AU Natarajan, LV Beckel, ER Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL White, TJ Voss, J Bunning, TJ AF Natarajan, L. V. Beckel, E. R. Tondiglia, V. P. Sutherland, R. L. White, T. J. Voss, J. Bunning, T. J. TI The Effect of Weak Polymer Stabilization on the Switching Properties of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Liquid Crystals for Photonics CY JUL 20-22, 2008 CL Wolfson Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Wolfson Coll DE cholesteric liquid crystal; electro-optical; holographic gratings; polymer stabilization ID SWITCHABLE MIRRORS; GELS AB We examine the differences in electro-optical behavior of weakly polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLC) when formed using either a flood lit UV lamp, a flood lit UV laser, or a holographically patterned UV laser. Both samples formed with the UV laser exhibit symmetry in their dynamic electro-optical properties relative to the front and rear surface of the polymerized cell. These cells exhibit a reversible similar to 100 nm blue shift tuning of the notch upon application of a field when the reflectivity is measured from either side. The UV lamp sample exhibits large differences in behavior when examined from the front or back relative to the direction of the polymerizing source. The front surface exhibits tuning of the notch while measurements from the back surface yield only the typical binary switching behavior of a CLC. The overall switching fields in flood lit UV laser and UV laser holographically patterned samples are also considerably lower. These differences are explained due to the presence of a strong polymer gradient across the cell gap in the UV lamp flood lit samples which is not present for the UV laser stabilized samples. We also present novel electro-optical results when these laser cured cells are examined in transmittance mode. Strong anchoring at the two surfaces causes a strong anisotropic local LC structure across the cell gap when a field is applied. The two local environments next to each surface act to strongly pin the CLC structure whereas within the bulk, ample reorientation of the LC molecules occurs. When probed in transmission, unusual fringe patterns which change with the strength of the applied field are observed. C1 [Natarajan, L. V.; Beckel, E. R.; Tondiglia, V. P.; Sutherland, R. L.; White, T. J.; Voss, J.; Bunning, T. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Natarajan, LV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM natarajanl@saic.com RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2009 VL 502 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1080/15421400902816363 PG 11 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 453RH UT WOS:000266628100016 ER PT B AU Yang, C Nguyen, T Venable, D White, M Siegel, R AF Yang, Chun Nguyen, Thao Venable, Donald White, Matthew Siegel, Rich GP IEEE TI Cooperative Position Location with Signals of Opportunity SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc ID NAVIGATION AB When the reception of GPS signals becomes unreliable, an alternative is to explore signals of opportunity (SOOP) for positioning. Broadcast digital radio transmissions (e.g., digital TV signals) contain field and segment sync codes, which can be used for ranging even though it was not originally designed for so. Another example is the wireless local area network (WLAN) signals. However, there are two major difficulties. Although the location of SOOP sources is known, the number of independent SOOP sources and their geometric distribution may not be favorable for precise positioning. Besides, the clocks of SOOP transmitters are not synchronized, each subject to a different bias and drift. To respond to the 2009 NAECON Grand Challenge, we set forth a cooperative position location approach. The proposed concept makes use of differential ranges between cooperative devices to a common SOOP source, the relative ranges between the cooperative devices, and displacement measurements by the cooperative devices. The cooperation among networked location devices not only allows them to choose the most appropriate positioning mechanism but also provides them with additional measurements to reduce the number of SOOP otherwise required. In addition to data exchange, the radio link between two cooperative devices also allows for estimation of their clock offset. This leads to a joint position location solution via fixed-point smoothing. In this paper, we present the proposed system concept, its subsystems, and their operations and also analyze preliminary simulation results. C1 [Yang, Chun] Signal Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94403 USA. [Nguyen, Thao; Venable, Donald; White, Matthew] RYRN, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Siegel, Rich] Microwave Innovat, Furlong, PA USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Signal Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94403 USA. EM chunyang@sigtem.com; Thao.Nguyen@wpafb.af.mil; Donald.Venable@wpafb.af.mil; Matthew.White2@wpafb.af.mil; rsiegal@mwaveinnov.com FU [FA8650-09-M-1582] FX Reasearch supported in part under FA8650-09-M-1582, which is gratefully acknowledgeded. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 18 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400004 ER PT B AU Huggins, KR McGrath, MA Zheng, YAF Ewing, RL AF Huggins, Kevin R. McGrath, Michael A. Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI Computer Vision Localization Based on Pseudo-Satellites SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc AB In following the "Signals of Opportunity" theme of the NAECON '09 Grand Challenge, we explore using computer-vision techniques for localization and orientation techniques to complement navigation via the pseudo-satellite technique proposed in [3]. The proposed approach is not affected by the strength of the microwave, and is more accurate than the conventional time of arrival approaches. Methods based on limited and varying information of markers is discussed. Simple applications and experimentation based on augmenting a motorized wheelchair for vision applications is discussed. C1 [Huggins, Kevin R.; McGrath, Michael A.; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force Res Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Huggins, KR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 26 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400005 ER PT B AU McIntire, JP Havig, PR McIntire, LK AF McIntire, John P. Havig, Paul R. McIntire, Lindsey K. GP IEEE TI Ideas on Authenticating Humanness in Collaborative Systems Using AI-Hard Problems in Perception and Cognition SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc AB Collaborative applications including email, chat, file-sharing networks, blogs, and gaming are under constant threat of automated programs that are gaining access to, attacking, degrading, or otherwise disrupting the intended communications and interactions. Thus, an important issue in collaborative systems security is how to verify that a user is a human, and not a computer attempting to access malicious purposes. We propose and discuss several AI-hard examples from perception and cognition that may be useful for distinguishing between human-level intelligence and artificial intelligence. C1 [McIntire, John P.; Havig, Paul R.] USAF, Res Lab, 711th HPW RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McIntire, Lindsey K.] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. RP McIntire, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711th HPW RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.mcintire@wpafb.af.mil; paul.havig@wpafb.af.mil; lindsey.mcintire@wpafb.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 50 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400009 ER PT B AU Ewing, RL Lamont, GB Kadrovach, BA Eyster, MD Talbert, ML AF Ewing, R. L. Lamont, G. B. Kadrovach, B. A. Eyster, M. D. Talbert, M. L. GP IEEE TI COGNITIVE PROCESSING FOR IMAGE REGISTRATION IN FORMATION FLYING SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc AB This paper explores the cognitive domains of information, knowledge and intelligence for signal processing. Since the initial cognitive efforts into the field of multi-agent cooperation, research has begun to polarize in several different types of cooperation. The nature of image registration implies information processing that is cognitive in classifying sensory image data. Key functionality presented in this image registration flight control concept development technology roadmap include: image applications of neighborhood and formation algorithms; adaptive wavelet techniques for optimizing imagery transmission and processing; and application of emerging wavelet transformations for adaptive multiscale and multiresolution image applications. C1 [Ewing, R. L.; Talbert, M. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ewing, R. L.; Lamont, G. B.; Kadrovach, B. A.; Eyster, M. D.; Talbert, M. L.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ewing, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM robert.ewing@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 75 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400013 ER PT B AU Woodburn, D Wu, TX Leland, Q Rolinski, N Chow, L Jordan, B AF Woodburn, D. Wu, T. X. Leland, Q. Rolinski, N. Chow, L. Jordan, B. GP IEEE TI Parabolic Approximation to EMA Motion Profiles SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc ID CUBIC-SPLINE INTERPOLATION AB Parabolic curves fit physical trajectories well because of the inherent smoothness of inertial movement; and, with only a few parameters, they can fit complex paths far more effectively than linear approximations. This paper presents a method using parabolas to approximate the motion profiles to be used in driving an electromechanical aircraft actuator. This method allows the actuator to run longer tests more efficiently. The details of the scheme are explained with emphasis on its matrix manipulation and the fidelity of the approximation to the original, complex profile. C1 [Woodburn, D.; Wu, T. X.; Chow, L.] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Leland, Q.; Jordan, B.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rolinski, N.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Woodburn, D (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 97 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400016 ER PT B AU Estep, NA Hurliman, ML Massman, JP Pugh, SM Rathi, RK Terzuoli, AJ AF Estep, Nicholas A. Hurliman, Morgan L. Massman, Jeffrey P. Pugh, Steven M. Rathi, Rashi K. Terzuoli, Andrew J., Jr. GP IEEE TI Low Frequency Antenna Analysis SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc AB An arbitrary VHF antenna array was considered for the comparison of two methods of analysis. The first method was based on a Fourier transform decomposition of the far-field radiation integral written in Matlab. In this approach the current on the antenna array is taken to be comprised of simplified functions. The current has three rectilinear components with each component been a product of three one dimensional rectilinear functions. The far-field is then obtained by a one dimensional Fourier transform of each of rectilinear function for each of the vector components. The array nature of the antenna is analyzed via a traditional summation approach and represented in closed form. The second method used was a traditional computational electromagnetic simulation using the Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC). The Fourier transform method ignores mutual coupling but is very computationally fast. The NEC method fully considers mutually coupling and is computationally much slower. C1 [Estep, Nicholas A.; Hurliman, Morgan L.; Massman, Jeffrey P.; Pugh, Steven M.; Rathi, Rashi K.; Terzuoli, Andrew J., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Estep, NA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM a.j.terzuoli@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 111 EP 115 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400018 ER PT B AU Liou, LL Lin, DM Tsui, JT Buck, J Longbrake, M McCann, J Buxa, P Dalrymple, T AF Liou, L. L. Lin, D. M. Tsui, J. T. Buck, J. Longbrake, M. McCann, J. Buxa, P. Dalrymple, T. GP IEEE TI Angle of Arrival Measurement Using Wideband Linear Phased Array SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc AB A radio frequency (RF) signal detection algorithm is developed based on two- dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on phased array time series data. The sensitivity is calculated based on two-frame signal detection criterion. A collection system consisting of a linear phased array and multiple wideband digital receivers is utilized. Simulation results are presented based on the system parameters of the channelization frequency plan including the frequency range, LO, mixer, and sampling frequency. Experimental angle of arrival data are processed, and the results are shown to be in good agreement with the simulation results. C1 [Liou, L. L.; Lin, D. M.; Tsui, J. T.; Buck, J.; Longbrake, M.; McCann, J.; Buxa, P.; Dalrymple, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45473 USA. RP Liou, LL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensor Directorate, Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45473 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400025 ER PT B AU Sotirelis, P Wang, T Butler, J AF Sotirelis, Paul Wang, Tiffany Butler, Jesse GP IEEE TI Antenna placement for sensing buried objects by radio frequency lateral waves SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc AB In this paper, we investigate radio wave propagation in proximity to a planar air-ground interface for the purpose of analyzing and improving the sensing of objects buried in the ground. We consider non-resonant electrically small electric dipole antennas as well as moderately directional resonant electric dipole antennas, both of which are analyzed in a variety of configurations. The ground is modeled as a uniform dielectric of finite conductivity. Our findings suggest that transmitting from beneath the ground plane can introduce significantly more complex wave propagation in contrast to transmitting from above the ground plane, by allowing the lateral and ground wave to mix. We also find that a directional sensor located just above the ground with the beam steered parallel to the ground interface is a good choice for sensing buried objects at a lateral distance due to the low loss of the lateral wave near the interface. C1 [Sotirelis, Paul; Wang, Tiffany] USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, RF Sensors Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Butler, Jesse] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Sotirelis, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Radar Signal Proc Branch, RF Sensors Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Paul.Sotirelis@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL/RYR; AFRL-OSU Fellowship Program FX The authors would like to thank an AFRL/RYR Innovative Idea Award, the Wright Scholar Program, and the AFRL-OSU Fellowship Program for helping to sponsor this research. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 162 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400027 ER PT B AU Fortener, B Balster, EJ AF Fortener, Benjamin Balster, Eric J. GP IEEE TI Distortion Weighting Based on Biorthogonal Wavelet Gain in JPEG2000 SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc AB JPEG2000 is the latest standard in image compression with the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) committee ratifying Part 1, second edition of the standard in September 2004. The JPEG2000 compression system improves upon the original JPEG compression standard through the use of a wavelet transform and an Embedded Block Coding with Optimal Truncation (EBCOT) technique that allows for a compression advantage over JPEG of about 30 percent on average. EBCOT depends on an arithmetic entropy coder called the MQ Coder that processes data and outputs the final image bit-stream that is stored in a JPEG2000 file. After the MQ Coder, the bit-stream can be truncated at points defined during the encoding process, and this truncation may be done optimally to minimize the amount of distortion introduced to the decoded image. This optimal truncation relies on a distortion calculation for every bit that makes up an image. In order to properly calculate this bit-distortion, weights are applied to a squared-error calculation, scaling the resulting distortion in a manner that accounts for the gain associated with the biorthogonal wavelet transform used in JPEG2000. This paper gives a background on the derivation of these weights and where they are applied in the optimal truncation process. C1 [Fortener, Benjamin; Balster, Eric J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Fortener, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM benjamin.fortener.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 169 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400029 ER PT B AU Repperger, DW Warm, JS Havig, PR Vidulich, MA Finomore, VS AF Repperger, D. W. Warm, J. S. Havig, P. R. Vidulich, M. A. Finomore, V. S. GP IEEE TI Modifying Sensitivity/Specificity for Sensors Using Positive and Negative Predictive Power Measures SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc AB In the collection of data from sensors in the field, the uncertainty in the data may compromise the ability to accurately predict the state of a system. Herein the standard signal detection theory problem is examined when nonstationary effects may occur in the data from the sensors. The use of PPP (positive predictive power) and NPP (negative predictive power) adds a new viewpoint on how to modify sensitivity and specificity measures in decision making involving multiple sensors. This is especially true when stationary properties in received data may be violated. C1 [Repperger, D. W.; Warm, J. S.; Havig, P. R.; Vidulich, M. A.; Finomore, V. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), 711 HPW AFRL WPAFB, Dayton, OH USA. EM d.repperger@ieee.org; Joel.Warm@wpafb.af.mil; Michael.Vidulich@wpafb.af.mil; Victor.Finomore@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 190 EP 194 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400032 ER PT B AU Kahler, B Blasch, E AF Kahler, Bart Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Target Identification Performance Improvement From Enhanced HRR Radar Clutter Suppression SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc DE radar; clutter suppression; clutter cancelation; space-time adaptive processing (STAP); Displaced Phase Center Antenna (DPCA); multi-channel signal subspace (MSS); automatic target recognition (ATR); High Range Resolution (HRR); moving target identification AB Airborne radar tracking in moving ground vehicle scenarios is impacted by sensor, target, and environmental dynamics. Moving targets can be assessed with I-D High Range Resolution (HRR) Radar profiles with sufficient signal-to-noise (SNR) present which contain enough feature information to discern one target from another to help maintain track or to identify the vehicle. Typical radar clutter suppression algorithms developed for processing moving ground target data not only remove the surrounding clutter but also a portion of the target signature. Enhanced clutter suppression can be achieved using a multi-channel signal subspace (MSS) algorithm which preserves target features. In this paper, we exploit extra information from enhanced clutter suppression for automatic target recognition (ATR), present a gain comparison using displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) and MSS clutter suppressed HRR data, and generate confusion-matrix identification results. The results show that more channels for MSS increase ID over DCPA, result in a slightly noisier clutter suppressed image, and presetTe more target features after clutter cancellation C1 [Kahler, Bart] Gen Dynam Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kahler, B (reprint author), Gen Dynam Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 205 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400035 ER PT B AU Mendoza-Schrock, O Patrick, JA Blasch, EP AF Mendoza-Schrock, Olga Patrick, James A. Blasch, Erik P. GP IEEE TI Video Image Registration Evaluation for a Layered Sensing Environment SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc DE Image registration; image registration evaluation; layered-sensing AB In this paper, several methods to register and stabilize a motion imagery video sequence under the layered sensing concept are evaluated. Utilizing the layered sensing paradigm, an area is surveyed by a multitude of sensors at many different altitudes and operating across many modalities. Utilizing a combination of sensors provides better insight into a situation than could ever be achieved with a single sensor. A fundamental requirement in layered sensing is to first register, stabilize, and normalize the data from each of the individual sensors. This paper extends our previous work Ill to include experimental analysis. The paper contribution provides an evaluation of four registration algorithms now including the (I) Lucas-Kanade (LK) algorithm, (2) the Ohio State University (OSU)(1) correlation-based method, (3) robust data alignment (RDA), and (4) Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). Results demonstrate that registration accuracy and robustness were achieved with the LK and correlation-based methods over the others for image-to-image registration, restricted adaptive tuning, and stabilization over warped images; while the SIFT outperformed the others for partial image overlap. C1 [Mendoza-Schrock, Olga; Patrick, James A.; Blasch, Erik P.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mendoza-Schrock, O (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400038 ER PT B AU Blasch, E AF Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Supervised Learning for Adaptive Interactive Multiple Model (SLAIMM) Tracking SO NAECON: PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2009 NATIONAL AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference CY JUL 21-23, 2009 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE Dayton Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Soc DE Interactive Multiple Model AB To improve target tracking algorithms, supervised learning of adaptive interacting multiple model (SLAIMM) is compared to other interacting multiple model (IMM) methods. Based on the classical IMM tracking, a trained adaptive acceleration model is added to the filter bank to track behavior between the fixed model dynamics. The results show that the SLAIMM algorithm 1) improves kinematic track accuracy for a target undergoing acceleration, 2) affords track maintenance through maneuvers, and 3) reduces computational costs by performing off-line learning of system parameters. The SLAIMM method is compared with the classical IMM, the Munir Adaptive IMM, and the Maybeck Moving-Bank multiple-model adaptive estimator (MBMMAE). C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4494-6 PY 2009 BP 236 EP 243 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BPK73 UT WOS:000279101400040 ER PT J AU Amama, PB Pint, CL McJilton, L Kim, SM Stach, EA Murray, PT Hauge, RH Maruyama, B AF Amama, Placidus B. Pint, Cary L. McJilton, Laura Kim, Seung Min Stach, Eric A. Murray, P. Terry Hauge, Robert H. Maruyama, Benji TI Role of Water in Super Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Carpets SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CATALYST; FILMS AB The Ostwald ripening behavior of Fe catalyst films deposited on thin alumina supporting layers is demonstrated as a function of thermal annealing in H(2) and H(2)/H(2)O. The addition of H(2)O in super growth of single-walled carbon nanotube carpets is observed to inhibit Ostwald ripening due to the ability of oxygen and hydroxyl species to reduce diffusion rates of catalyst atoms. This work shows the impact of typical carpet growth environments on catalyst film evolution and the role Ostwald ripening may play in the termination of carpet growth. C1 [Amama, Placidus B.; Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pint, Cary L.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [McJilton, Laura; Hauge, Robert H.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Amama, Placidus B.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Kim, Seung Min; Stach, Eric A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kim, Seung Min; Stach, Eric A.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Murray, P. Terry] Univ Dayton, UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Maruyama, B (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Benji.Maruyama@wpafb.af.mil RI Pint, Cary/C-5053-2009; Hauge, Robert/A-7008-2011; Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Pint, Cary/I-6785-2013 OI Hauge, Robert/0000-0002-3656-0152; Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Army Research Office (ARO) FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). S.M.K. and E.A.S. gratefully acknowledge support from the Army Research Office (ARO). NR 23 TC 195 Z9 196 U1 2 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1021/nl801876h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 395IZ UT WOS:000262519100008 PM 19046079 ER PT S AU Ouchen, F Yaney, PP Grote, JG AF Ouchen, Fahima Yaney, Perry P. Grote, James G. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI DNA thin films as semiconductors for BioFET SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications II CY AUG 05-06, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Biopolymers; DNA-CTMA; PEDOT-PSS; PCBM; Platinum; Pt; PMMA; APC and BiOFETs ID TRANSISTORS; POLYMERS AB In this paper we report the latest results on DNA based field effect transistor. Blending DNA with either conductive polymers, carbon based nanoparticles or metal based compound show an increase in surface conductivity and evidence of a field effect modulation of the drain-source currents C1 [Ouchen, Fahima; Yaney, Perry P.; Grote, James G.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ouchen, F (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7693-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7403 AR 74030F DI 10.1117/12.831234 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BUN67 UT WOS:000289839400009 ER PT J AU Simoes, R Silva, J Vaia, R Sencadas, V Costa, P Gomes, J Lanceros-Mendez, S AF Simoes, Ricardo Silva, Jaime Vaia, Richard Sencadas, Vitor Costa, Pedro Gomes, Joao Lanceros-Mendez, Senentxu TI Low percolation transitions in carbon nanotube networks dispersed in a polymer matrix: dielectric properties, simulations and experiments SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METAL-LOADED DIELECTRICS; CAPACITANCE EXTRACTION; BREAKDOWN; COMPOSITES; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYCARBONATE; CONDUCTIVITY; PARTICLES; CONSTANT; BEHAVIOR AB The low concentration behaviour and the increase of the dielectric constant in carbon nanotubes/polymer nanocomposites near the percolation threshold are still not well understood. In this work, a numerical model has been developed which focuses on the effect of the inclusion of conductive fillers in a dielectric polymer matrix on the dielectric constant and the dielectric strength. Experiments have been carried out in carbon nanotubes/poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites in order to compare to the simulation results. This work shows how the critical concentration is related to the formation of capacitor networks and that these networks give rise to high variations in the electrical properties of the composites. Based on numerical studies, the dependence of the percolation transition on the preparation of the nanocomposite is discussed. Finally, based on numerical and experimental results, both ours and from other authors, the causes of anomalous percolation behaviour of the dielectric constant are identified. C1 [Simoes, Ricardo; Silva, Jaime] Univ Minho, IPC, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal. [Simoes, Ricardo] Polytech Inst Cavado & Ave, Sch Technol, P-4750 Barcelos, Portugal. [Silva, Jaime; Sencadas, Vitor; Costa, Pedro; Gomes, Joao; Lanceros-Mendez, Senentxu] Univ Minho, Dept Phys, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal. [Vaia, Richard] USAF, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gomes, Joao] CeNTI Ctr Nanotechnol & Smart Mat, P-4760034 Vila Nova De Famalicao, Portugal. RP Simoes, R (reprint author), Univ Minho, IPC, Campus Azurem, P-4800058 Guimaraes, Portugal. EM rsimoes@dep.uminho.pt; lanceros@fisica.uminho.pt RI Simoes, Ricardo/C-4120-2011; Silva, Jaime/B-5891-2009; lanceros-mendez, senentxu/A-1730-2011; Simoes, Ricardo/J-7033-2013; Sencadas, Vitor/A-3932-2008; OI Silva, Jaime/0000-0002-1520-0799; lanceros-mendez, senentxu/0000-0001-6791-7620; Simoes, Ricardo/0000-0002-3097-8849; Sencadas, Vitor/0000-0003-1986-1348; Costa, Pedro/0000-0001-9887-0925 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Material Command; USAF [FA8655-06-1-3009]; [POCI/CTM/59425/2004]; [PTDC/CTM/69362/2006]; [SFRH/BD/16543/2004] FX This effort was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA8655-06-1-3009. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. We acknowledge also the Foundation for Science and Technology, Lisbon, through the 3. Quadro Comunitario de Apoio, and the POCTI and FEDER programmes. The authors wish to thank Solvay and Bayer Materials Science for the excellent material provided and FCT for financial support through POCI/CTM/59425/2004, PTDC/CTM/69362/2006 and SFRH/BD/16543/2004 (VS). NR 38 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 31 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 AR 035703 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/20/3/035703 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 385EF UT WOS:000261795500019 PM 19417305 ER PT J AU Knopp, JS Aldrin, JC Jata, KV AF Knopp, Jeremy S. Aldrin, John C. Jata, Kumar V. TI Computational methods in eddy current crack detection at fastener sites in multi-layer structures SO NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE eddy current; cracks; modelling; feature extraction; parameter estimation ID CURRENT INSPECTION; INSTALLED FASTENERS; AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS; AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES; CURRENT INVERSION; FATIGUE CRACKS; CURRENT PROBES; RECONSTRUCTION; SIGNALS; HOLES AB Reliable detection of both surface and subsurface cracks around fastener sites continues to be a need for maintaining ageing aircraft structures. In this work, a comprehensive overview of both experimental and modelling work addressing eddy current crack detection around fastener holes in multi-layer structures is presented. This overview consists of a strategy for the application of computational methods along with case studies that demonstrate the role of modelling for this particular class of problems. The state-of-the-art on eddy current modelling applicable to low-frequency eddy current problems is reviewed. The role of modelling in feature extraction algorithm development, crack characterisation, and probability of detection evaluation is highlighted. C1 [Knopp, Jeremy S.; Jata, Kumar V.] USAF, AFRL RXLP, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. RP Knopp, JS (reprint author), USAF, AFRL RXLP, Res Lab, Met Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeremy.knopp@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge support for this study provided by Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors thank Harold Sabbagh, Elias Sabbagh and R. Kim Murphy for support with VIC-3D(R) and Eric Lindgren, Mark Blodgett and Tom Moran for their valuable discussions. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-9759 J9 NONDESTRUCT TEST EVA JI Nondestruct. Test. Eval. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 120 AR PII 904846274 DI 10.1080/10589750802195519 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 387AG UT WOS:000261923500008 ER PT J AU Abu-Nabah, BA Yu, F Hassan, WT Blodgett, MP Nagy, PB AF Abu-Nabah, Bassam A. Yu, Feng Hassan, Waled T. Blodgett, Mark P. Nagy, Peter B. TI Eddy current residual stress profiling in surface-treated engine alloys SO NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE eddy current; spectroscopy; surface-treatment; residual stress profiling ID NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS; CURRENT CONDUCTIVITY SPECTROSCOPY; CURRENT NONDESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION; SPIRAL COILS; MANGANIN; METALS; ROUGHNESS; GAUGE AB Recent research results indicate that eddy current conductivity measurements can be exploited for nondestructive evaluation of subsurface residual stresses in surface-treated nickel-base superalloy components. According to this approach, the depth-dependent electric conductivity profile is calculated from the measured frequency-dependent apparent eddy current conductivity spectrum. Then, the residual stress depth profile is calculated from the conductivity profile based on the piezoresistivity coefficient of the material, which is determined separately from calibration measurements using the known external applied stresses. This paper reviews the basic principles, measurement procedures, advantages, and limitations of eddy current residual stress profiling. C1 [Abu-Nabah, Bassam A.; Yu, Feng; Nagy, Peter B.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hassan, Waled T.] Honeywell Aerosp, Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA. [Blodgett, Mark P.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nagy, PB (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM peter.nagy@uc.edu RI Nagy, Peter/O-5404-2016 OI Nagy, Peter/0000-0001-5715-2409 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-03-2-5210, FA 8650-04-C-5228]; University of Cincinnati; Quantitative Inspection Technology for Aging Military Aircraft program with Iowa State University [5007-IOWA-001]; Center for NDE at Iowa State University; [F09650-00-D-0018] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory partly under Contract No. F33615-03-2-5210 with the University of Cincinnati and partly through the Quantitative Inspection Technology for Aging Military Aircraft program with Iowa State University on delivery order number 5007-IOWA-001 of the prime contract F09650-00-D-0018. Additional support was provided through cooperation with the Center for NDE at Iowa State University with funding from the Air Force Research Laboratory on contract FA 8650-04-C-5228. The diffraction measurements reported in this study were made by Lambda Research of Cincinnati. The authors would like to acknowledge valuable discussions and ongoing collaboration with Susanne Hillmann and Norbert Meyendorf of the Fraunhofer Institute for NDT in Dresden, Germany. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-9759 J9 NONDESTRUCT TEST EVA JI Nondestruct. Test. Eval. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 232 AR PII 904846103 DI 10.1080/10589750802245280 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 387AG UT WOS:000261923500014 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, LP Upchurch, D Barnes, JO Schunemann, PG Zawilski, K Guha, S AF Gonzalez, Leonel P. Upchurch, Derek Barnes, Jacob O. Schunemann, Peter G. Zawilski, Kevin Guha, Shekhar BE Powers, PE TI Second Harmonic Generation in CdSiP(2) SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications VIII CY JAN 27-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Nonlinear Optics; Second Harmonic Generation; Infrared; Materials AB A new nonlinear optical crystal, CdSiP(2), has recently been developed and a bulk crystal cut for phase-matching of second harmonic generation from 4.8 to 2.4 mu m has been tested. Numerical and theoretical results are presented. Accounting for Fresnel losses, internal conversion efficiency was over 55% at a peak incident irradiance of 56 MW/cm(2). C1 [Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Upchurch, Derek; Barnes, Jacob O.; Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gonzalez, LP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM leo.gonzalez@gdit.com; peter.g.schunemann@baesystems.com; shekhar.guha@wpafb.af.mil NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7443-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7197 AR 71970N DI 10.1117/12.808904 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BSO22 UT WOS:000285085500018 ER PT S AU Peterson, RD Whelan, D Bliss, D Lynch, C AF Peterson, Rita D. Whelan, David Bliss, David Lynch, Candace BE Powers, PE TI Improved material quality and OPO performance in orientation-patterned GaAs SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications VIII CY JAN 27-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE orientation-patterning; quasi-phase-matching; GaAs epitaxy; nonlinear optical frequency conversion; optical parametric amplification ID THICK AB The U. S. Air Force is developing orientation-patterned GaAs (OPGaAs) for nonlinear frequency conversion in the 2-5 mu m and 8-12 mu m regions. We report recent progress in OPO device performance which reflects continued improvement in material quality. Seven new OPGaAs samples, representing four distinct growth regimes, were evaluated in terms of threshold, slope efficiency, and output spectral content using a Q-switched Tm,Ho:YLF laser operating at 2 mu m as the pump source. The samples were identical in base template, grating period, length, and AR coating, permitting direct comparison of results to identify favorable growth conditions. As anticipated, performance varied significantly among the sample set, with slope efficiencies from 12% to 35% and thresholds from 9 mu J to 40 mu J. Less anticipated was the low level of uniformity across each sample and between samples grown in the same growth run. Significant variations in slope efficiency and threshold were not uncommon. Still, most of the samples performed manifestly better than previously grown material, indicating an overall improvement in OPGaAs quality. Research continues on understanding growth processes, optical loss mechanisms, and how these translate into device performance. C1 [Peterson, Rita D.; Whelan, David] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYJW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Peterson, RD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYJW, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7443-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7197 AR 719709 DI 10.1117/12.812969 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BSO22 UT WOS:000285085500007 ER PT S AU Schepler, KL Spring, JB AF Schepler, Kenneth L. Spring, Justin B. BE Powers, PE TI Calculation of quasi phasematching in optical parametric GaAs/AlGaAs waveguides SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications VIII CY JAN 27-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quasi phasematching; gallium arsenide; waveguide; nonlinear frequency conversion; infrared ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; GAAS; CONVERSION AB Quasi phasematched domain periods for bulk and waveguide GaAs nonlinear frequency conversion were calculated. Waveguide beam confinement resulted in a decrease in effective refractive index and the magnitude of this index change was found to increase supralinearly with wavelength. Domain periodicity required for a 2.056-mu m pumped, 10x10 mu m(2) GaAs core, Al(0.5)Ga(0.5)As cladding waveguide OPO at degeneracy decreased from 60.4 mu m for bulk GaAs to 57.9 mu m for a rib waveguide and 49.8 mu m for a buried waveguide in a GaAs OPO. Careful accounting for waveguide effects is necessary to fabricate a periodic waveguide structure with the desired function. C1 [Schepler, Kenneth L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schepler, KL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kenneth.Schepler@WPAFB.AF.mil OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7443-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7197 AR 719708 DI 10.1117/12.808035 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BSO22 UT WOS:000285085500006 ER PT J AU Brown, FM AF Brown, Frank Markham TI George Boole's Deductive System SO NOTRE DAME JOURNAL OF FORMAL LOGIC LA English DT Article DE Boole; 19th century; Boolean algebra; Boolean equations AB The deductive system in Boole's Laws of Thought (LT) involves both an algebra, which we call proto-Boolean, and a "general method in Logic" making use of that algebra. Our object is to elucidate these two components of Boole's system, to prove his principal results, and to draw some conclusions not explicit in LT. We also discuss some examples of incoherence in LT; these mask the genius of Boole's design and account for much of the puzzled and disparaging commentary LT has received. Our evaluation of Boole's logical system does not differ substantially from that advanced in Hailperin's exhaustive study, Boole's Logic and Probability. Unlike the latter work, however, we make direct use of the polynomials native to LT rather than appealing to formalisms such as multisets and rings. C1 [Brown, Frank Markham] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, FM (reprint author), 86 Shoreline Dr, Hilton Head Isl, SC 29928 USA. EM FMBrown@1953.USNA.com NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0029-4527 J9 NOTRE DAME J FORM L JI Notre Dame J. Form. Log. PY 2009 VL 50 IS 3 BP 303 EP 330 DI 10.1215/00294527-2009-013 PG 28 WC Mathematics; Logic; Philosophy SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Philosophy GA 613SV UT WOS:000279001800005 ER PT J AU Witkop, CT Neale, D Wilson, LM Bass, EB Nicholson, WK AF Witkop, Catherine Takacs Neale, Donna Wilson, Lisa M. Bass, Eric B. Nicholson, Wanda K. TI Active Compared With Expectant Delivery Management in Women With Gestational Diabetes A Systematic Review SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SHOULDER DYSTOCIA; PREGNANCY; PREVALENCE; INDUCTION; MELLITUS; QUALITY; LABOR AB OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review to estimate benefits and harms of the choice of timing of induction or elective cesarean delivery based on estimated fetal weight or gestational age in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DATA SOURCES: An electronic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to January 2007. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Two investigators independently reviewed titles and abstracts, assessed article quality, and abstracted data. Maternal outcomes included cesarean delivery and operative vaginal delivery. Neonatal outcomes included birth weight macrosomia, large for gestational age, shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, neonatal intensive care admissions, and perinatal mortality. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Five studies met our inclusion criteria: one randomized controlled trial (RCT) and four observational studies. The RCT (n=200) compared the effect of labor induction at term with expectant management. The proportion of newborns with birth weight greater than the 90th percentile was significantly greater in the expectant-management group (23% compared with 10% with active induction, P=.02); there were no significant differences in rates of cesarean delivery, shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycemia, or perinatal deaths. The four observational studies suggest a potential reduction in macrosomia and shoulder dystocia with labor induction and cesarean delivery for estimated fetal weight indications, but there was insufficient evidence to assess other clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Active rather than expectant management of labor at term for women with GDM may reduce rates of macrosomia and related complications. Further RCTs and observational studies with a broader range of outcomes are needed for sufficient evidence to inform clinical practice. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Gen Prevent Med & Populat, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Family & Reprod Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Evidence Based Practice Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Witkop, CT (reprint author), USAF Acad, 10 AMDS SGPF,2355 Fac Dr,Rm 2N286,USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM katika@aya.yale.edu NR 15 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 113 IS 1 BP 206 EP 217 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 388KG UT WOS:000262018100026 PM 19104376 ER PT S AU Massey, SM Spring, JB Russell, TH AF Massey, Steven M. Spring, Justin B. Russell, Timothy H. BE Jiang, S Digonnet, MJF Glesener, JW Dries, JC TI Continuous wave stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugation and beam cleanup in optical fiber SO OPTICAL COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Components and Materials VI CY JAN 26-28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Brillouin scattering; SBS; nonlinear optics; phase conjugation; beam cleanup; fiber optics ID OSCILLATOR-POWER-AMPLIFIER; LASER; THRESHOLD; MIRROR; PULSES; CAVITY AB A review of research into stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) phase conjugation and beam cleanup conducted at the Air Force Institute of Technology is presented. CW phase conjugation was demonstrated using SBS in short lengths of multi-mode, step-index fiber. A fidelity of 0.8 was achieved using a 0.06-NA fiber of 40 m length and a 0.13-NA fiber at 15 m length. In modeling and experiment, the fidelity declined as fiber length or numerical aperture increased. A relationship was established empirically between step-index fiber parameters and the phase conjugation fidelity. In addition, increased fidelity was related to an increase in the effective Brillouin gain coefficient in step-index fibers. Beam cleanup was observed in both graded-index and step-index fibers. The Stokes beam generated in long, multimode, graded-index fibers was analyzed using spatial and phase methods and found to be a low-order mode of the fiber instead of a phase conjugate of the pump. SBS in long, graded-index fibers was used to combine multiple beams and to improve the beam quality of a single aberrated beam. C1 [Massey, Steven M.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Massey, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl/rdsworkfloworgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7458-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7212 AR 72120A DI 10.1117/12.812325 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSQ18 UT WOS:000285376300008 ER PT S AU Oliver, JW Pocock, G Vincelette, R Kumru, S Noojin, GD Schuster, KJ Stolarski, D Shingledecker, A Rockwell, BA AF Oliver, Jeffrey W. Pocock, Ginger Vincelette, Rebecca Kumru, Semih Noojin, Gary D. Schuster, Kurt J. Stolarski, David Shingledecker, Aurora Rockwell, Benjamin A. BE Jacques, SL Jansen, ED Roach, WP TI In vivo investigation of near infrared retinal lesions utilizing two adaptive optics enhanced imaging modalities SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XX CY JAN 26-28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Air Force Off Sci Res DE Adaptive Optics; MVL; NIR; laser threshold; in vivo imaging; confocal; scanning laser ophthalmoscope; SLO; Spectral Domain; OCT AB Near threshold retinal lesions were created in the eyes of non-human primate (NHP) subjects in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength range of 1100 to 1319 nm, with 80 to 100 ms laser exposures. Two new in vivo imagining techniques, Adaptive Optic enhanced-Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (AO-SDOCT) and Adaptive Optic enhanced confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope imagery (AOcSLO) were utilized to pinpoint areas of chronic damage within the retinal layers resulting from laser exposure. Advantages and limitations of each technology with regard to the study of laser retinal tissue interaction are highlighted. C1 [Oliver, Jeffrey W.; Pocock, Ginger; Vincelette, Rebecca; Kumru, Semih; Rockwell, Benjamin A.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Oliver, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL 711 HPW RHDO,2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7421-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7175 AR 71750H DI 10.1117/12.807825 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BSS69 UT WOS:000285714500012 ER PT S AU Rockwell, BA Vincelette, R Oliver, JW Kumru, S Noojin, GD Schuster, KJ Stolarski, D Shingledecker, A Clark, CD Wooddell, D Thomas, R AF Rockwell, Benjamin A. Vincelette, Rebecca Oliver, Jeffrey W. Kumru, Semih Noojin, Gary D. Schuster, Kurt J. Stolarski, David Shingledecker, Aurora Clark, C. D. Wooddell, David Thomas, Robert BE Jacques, SL Jansen, ED Roach, WP TI Limiting Mechanism for NIR Laser Retinal Damage SO OPTICAL INTERACTIONS WITH TISSUE AND CELLS XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XX CY JAN 26-28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Air Force Off Sci Res DE Retinal Lesion; MVL; NIR; laser threshold; in vivo imaging ID REGION; IR AB Near-infrared (NIR) laser exposures to the retina are affected by intraocular absorption, chromatic aberration and retinal absorption. We present the latest results of retinal exposure to wavelengths between 1.0 to 1.319 micrometers and show how the trends for long-pulse exposure are dramatically affected by intraocular absorption in the anterior portion of the eye. C1 [Rockwell, Benjamin A.; Vincelette, Rebecca; Oliver, Jeffrey W.; Kumru, Semih; Wooddell, David; Thomas, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Rockwell, BA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL 711 HPW RHDO,2624 Louis Bauer Dr, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM benjamin.rockwell@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7421-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7175 AR 71750J DI 10.1117/12.807710 PG 5 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BSS69 UT WOS:000285714500014 ER PT J AU Chang, JCC Yang, ZP Huang, DH Cardimona, DA Lin, SY AF Chang, John Chun-Chieh Yang, Zu-Po Huang, Danhong Cardimona, D. A. Lin, Shawn-Yu TI Strong light concentration at the subwavelength scale by a metallic hole-array structure SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMON-ENHANCED TRANSMISSION; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION AB A metallic two-dimensional hole-array (2DHA) sample is successfully fabricated and its transmission property measured at mid-infrared wavelengths (lambda similar to 1.5-20 mu m). At the plasmonic resonance, the 2DHA sample exhibits a normal incidence transmittance of 80% at lambda = 7.6 mu m. This corresponds to more than twice as much light that is transmitted as it impinges directly on the holes at the maxima of transmittance. This exceedingly large enhancement is attributed to a strong plasmonic resonance and an effective light concentration through an ultrathin metal film of 50 nm. This advancement will pave the way to a much enhanced infrared detection using a simple and compact 2DHA architecture. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 240.6680, 350.4238. C1 [Chang, John Chun-Chieh; Yang, Zu-Po; Lin, Shawn-Yu] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Huang, Danhong; Cardimona, D. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM sylin@rpi.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA95500610431] FX S. Y. Lin acknowledges financial support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under contract FA95500610431. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 106 EP 108 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 400SQ UT WOS:000262889300036 PM 19241633 ER PT S AU DeLima, P Pack, D AF DeLima, Pedro Pack, Daniel BE Hirsch, MJ Commander, CW Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI Maximizing Search Coverage Using Future Path Projection for Cooperative Multiple UAVs with Limited Communication Ranges SO OPTIMIZATION AND COOPERATIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 2008 CL Gainesville, FL SP AF Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Raytheon DE cooperative; unmanned aerial vehicles; limited communication; future path projection ID SYSTEMS AB In this chapter, we present Future Path Projection (FPP) as a novel method for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with limited communication ranges to cooperatively maximize the coverage of a large search area. For multiple cooperative UAVs to perform an effective search mission, the critical status and sensor information collected by each UAV must be shared with all other UAVs in the group. In an ideal environment where there is no communication limitation, all involved UAVs can share the necessary information without any constraints. In a more realistic environment, UAVs must deal with limited communication ranges. The communication range limitation, however, introduces a challenging problem for multiple UAVs to effectively cooperate. In the proposed method, each UAV Constructs an individual probability distribution map of the search space which reflects predictions of the future paths of UAVs as they move beyond their communication ranges. The probability distribution map describes the likelihood of detecting targets within the search space. The overall, collective UAV search patterns are governed by decisions made by each UAV within the group, based on each individual probability distribution map. We show that the collective search patterns generated by cooperative UAVs using the proposed method significantly improve the search area, coverage when compared to similar search patterns produced by other mitigation strategies designed to overcome the communication range limitation. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed path projection method using simulation results. C1 [DeLima, Pedro; Pack, Daniel] USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP DeLima, P (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM pedro.lima@usafa.edu; daniel.pack@usafa.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-540-88062-2 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2009 VL 381 BP 103 EP 117 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BJE29 UT WOS:000265134800006 ER PT S AU Bode, J Jacques, D Pachter, M AF Bode, John, II Jacques, David Pachter, Meir BE Hirsch, MJ Commander, CW Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI Optimal Control of the Weapon Operating Characteristic with Control Inequality Constraints SO OPTIMIZATION AND COOPERATIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 2008 CL Gainesville, FL SP AF Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Raytheon Inc ID WIDE-AREA-SEARCH AB Optimal employment of autonomous wide area search munitions or unmanned aerial vehicles is considered. The air vehicle searches a battle space for stationary targets in the presence of false targets and/or clutter. A control problem is formulated to achieve optimal scheduling of the control variables P(TR), the probability of target report, which is a reflection of the sensor's threshold setting, and Q, the area coverage rate. These optimal control problem formulations yield solutions that maximize the probability of target attack while at the same time also satisfying hard bounds on the probability of false target attacks. Analysis has shown that the optimal solutions are sensitive to the particular relationship between the sensor's receiver operating characteristic parameter, c, and area coverage rate, Q. In this chapter, several different heuristics for this particular relationship are studied and the optimal dynamic schedules of the sensor threshold and area coverage rate are obtained. C1 [Bode, John, II; Jacques, David; Pachter, Meir] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bode, J (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM John.Bode@Afit.edu; David.Jacques@Afit.edu; Meir.Pachter@Afit.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-540-88062-2 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2009 VL 381 BP 181 EP 194 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BJE29 UT WOS:000265134800011 ER PT S AU Yoon, Y Gruber, S Krakow, L Pack, D AF Yoon, Youngrock Gruber, Scott Krakow, Lucas Pack, Daniel BE Hirsch, MJ Commander, CW Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI Autonomous Target Detection and Localization Using Cooperative Unmanned Aerial Vehicles SO OPTIMIZATION AND COOPERATIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 2008 CL Gainesville, FL SP AF Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Raytheon Inc AB In this chapter we present sensor implementation issues encountered in developing a team of cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance missions. UAVs that compose the cooperative team are equipped with heterogeneous sensors and onboard processing capability. The sensor information collected by each UAV is constantly shared among the neighboring UAVs and processed locally using Out-of-Order Sigma-Point Kalman Filtering (O(3)SPKF) techniques. Results from flight experiments support, the effectiveness of the cooperative autonomous UAV technologies. C1 [Yoon, Youngrock; Gruber, Scott; Krakow, Lucas; Pack, Daniel] USAF Acad, Unmanned Syst Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Yoon, Y (reprint author), USAF Acad, Unmanned Syst Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM youngrock.yoon@usafa.edu; scott.gruber@usafa.edu; lucas.krakow@usafa.edu; daniel.pack@usafa.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-540-88062-2 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2009 VL 381 BP 195 EP 205 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BJE29 UT WOS:000265134800012 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. BE Hirsch, MJ Commander, CW Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI New Results in Stochastic Cooperative Games: Strategic Coordination for Multi-resolution Performance Robustness SO OPTIMIZATION AND COOPERATIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 2008 CL Gainesville, FL SP AF Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Raytheon Inc AB This chapter provides a concise and up-to-date analysis of the foundations of performance robustness of a, linear-quadratic class of cooperative decision-making with respect to variability in a stationary and stochastic environment. The dynamics of large-scale and interconnected dynamical systems corrupted by a standard stationary Wiener process include decision activities that are controlled by decentralized decision makers. Basic assumptions will be that cooperative decision makers form a coalition and have access to the current Value of the states of the systems. The performance robustness and uncertainty of the coalition is now affected by other non-cooperative participants such as model deviations and environmental disturbances, named Nature. A decentralized model-follow in g approach where interactions among coalitive decision makers are represented by reduced order models, is taken to derive various local decisions without intensive information interchanges. Decentralized decision strategies considered here collaboratively optimize an advanced multi-objective criterion over time where the optimization takes place with high regard for possible random sample realizations by Nature who may more likely not be acting in concert. The implementation of decision gain parameters in the finite horizon case is shown to be feasible. The inherent decision structure now has two degrees of freedom including: one, state feedback gains with state measurements that are robust against performance uncertainty; and two, interactive feedback gains that minimize differences between the actual and desirable interactions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM khanh.pham@kirtland.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-540-88062-2 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2009 VL 381 BP 257 EP 285 PG 29 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BJE29 UT WOS:000265134800016 ER PT S AU Zarzhitsky, D Schlegel, M Decker, A Pack, D AF Zarzhitsky, Dimitri Schlegel, Marc Decker, Andreas Pack, Daniel BE Hirsch, MJ Commander, CW Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI An Event-Driven Software Architecture for Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Cooperatively Locate Mobile Targets SO OPTIMIZATION AND COOPERATIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 2008 CL Gainesville, FL SP AF Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Raytheon Inc DE cooperative search and localization; distributed sensor networks; multi-threaded design; intelligent systems AB Today's state-of-the-art, real-time distributed systems require sophisticated software engineering techniques to support, a diverse set of mission requirements. This chapter discusses an event-driven approach to the design of such systems in the context of a fully-functional search and localization application intended for unmanned aerial vehicles. Here, the discussion focuses on the basic design principles that form the foundation of the distributed, scalable, and cross-platform implementation, and it; provides an evaluation of the system's performance on a set of representative tasks. The main contribution of this effort consists of a modular software framework that is well-suited for solving problems in distributed intelligence and autonomous robotic systems. This framework is an enabling technology that integrates different functional components, such is sensing, analysis, and control into one cohesive platform. This solution employs off-the-shelf commercial technologies, resulting in a low-cost implementation that exhibits both robustness and flexibility. C1 [Zarzhitsky, Dimitri; Schlegel, Marc; Decker, Andreas; Pack, Daniel] USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zarzhitsky, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM dimitri.zarzhitsky@usafa.edu; daniel.pack@usafa.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-540-88062-2 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2009 VL 381 BP 299 EP 318 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BJE29 UT WOS:000265134800018 ER PT S AU Commander, CW Pardalos, PM Ryabchenko, V Sarykalin, S Turko, T Uryasev, S AF Commander, Clayton W. Pardalos, Panos M. Ryabchenko, Valeriy Sarykalin, Sergey Turko, Timofey Uryasev, Stan BE Hirsch, MJ Commander, CW Pardalos, PM Murphey, R TI Robust Wireless Network Jamming Problems SO OPTIMIZATION AND COOPERATIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES SE Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Cooperative Control and Optimization CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 2008 CL Gainesville, FL SP AF Res Lab, Univ Florida, Ctr Appl Optimizat, Raytheon AB We extend the results presented in a previous paper which focused on deterministic formulations of the WIRELESS NETWORK JAMMING PROBLEM. This problem seeks to determine the optimal number and placement locations for a set of wireless jamming devices to sufficiently suppress a communication network according to some specified criterion. We now introduce robust variants of those formulations which account for the fact that the exact topology of the network to be jammed may not be known entirely. Particularly, we consider instances in which several topologies axe considered likely, and develop robust scenarios for placing jamming devices which are able to suppress the network regardless of which candidate topology is realized. We derive several formulation and include percentile constraints to account for a variety of scenarios. Case studies are presented and the results are analyzed. We conclude with directions of future research. C1 [Commander, Clayton W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Pardalos, Panos M.; Ryabchenko, Valeriy; Sarykalin, Sergey; Turko, Timofey; Uryasev, Stan] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Commander, CW (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM clayton.commander@eglin.ad.mil; pardalos@ufl.edu; valeriy@ufl.edu; saryk@ufl.edu; jk13@ufl.edu; uryasev@ufl.edu OI Commander, Clayton/0000-0001-8477-932X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-1-0137] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for providing funding under project FA9550-05-1-0137 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0170-8643 BN 978-3-540-88062-2 J9 LECT NOTES CONTR INF PY 2009 VL 381 BP 399 EP + PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BJE29 UT WOS:000265134800023 ER PT S AU Arulselvan, A Commander, CW Hirsch, MJ Pardalos, PM AF Arulselvan, Ashwin Commander, Clayton W. Hirsch, Michael J. Pardalos, Panos M. BE Chaovalitwongse, W Furman, KC Pardalos, PM TI Communication Models for a Cooperative Network of Autonomous Agents SO OPTIMIZATION AND LOGISTICS CHALLENGES IN THE ENTERPRISE SE Springer Series in Optimization and Its Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB We consider the problem of maximizing the total connectivity for a set of wireless agents in a mobile ad hoc network. That is, given a set of wireless units each having a start point and a destination point, our goal is to determine a set of routes for the units which maximizes the overall connection time between them. Known as the COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATION PROBLEM IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS (CCPM), this problem has several military applications including coordination of rescue groups, path planning for unmanned air vehicles, and geographical exploration and target recognition. The CCPM is NP-hard; therefore heuristic development has been the major focus of research. In this work, we survey the CCPM examining first some early combinatorial formulations and solution techniques. Then we introduce new continuous formulations and compare the results of several case studies. By removing the underlying graph structure, we are able to create a more realistic model of the problem as supported by the numerical evidence. C1 [Arulselvan, Ashwin; Pardalos, Panos M.] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Commander, Clayton W.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Hirsch, Michael J.] Raytheon Inc, Network Centr Syst, St Petersburg, FL 33710 USA. RP Arulselvan, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ashwin@ufl.edu; clayton.commander@eglin.af.mil; michael_j_hirsch@Raytheon.com; pardalos@ufl.edu; pardalos@ufl.edu OI Commander, Clayton/0000-0001-8477-932X NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1931-6828 BN 978-0-387-88616-9 J9 SPRINGER SER OPTIM A PY 2009 VL 30 BP 411 EP 431 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-88617-6_15 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-88617-6 PG 21 WC Engineering, Industrial; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BKG81 UT WOS:000268037300015 ER PT J AU Green, L Li, YN White, T Urbas, A Bunning, T Li, Q AF Green, Lisa Li, Yannian White, Timothy Urbas, Augustine Bunning, Timothy Li, Quan TI Light-driven molecular switches with tetrahedral and axial chirality SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; HELICAL TWISTING POWER; PHOTOCHEMICAL MODULATION; AZOBENZENE; COLOR; PHOTOISOMERIZATION; AMPLIFICATION; BEHAVIOR AB Two light-driven molecular switches with tetrahedral and axial chirality were synthesized, which can induce a helical superstructure in an achiral liquid crystal host and dynamically phototune it to achieve reversible reflection color. C1 [Green, Lisa; Li, Yannian; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [White, Timothy; Urbas, Augustine; Bunning, Timothy] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM quan@lci.kent.edu RI Li, Yannian/B-7000-2012; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0193]; the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air ForceResearch Laboratory (AFRL); National Science Foundation (NSF IIP) [0750379] FX The work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0193), the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air ForceResearch Laboratory (AFRL), and the National Science Foundation (NSF IIP 0750379). NR 27 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PY 2009 VL 7 IS 19 BP 3930 EP 3933 DI 10.1039/b910583b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 495LM UT WOS:000269892900008 PM 19763294 ER PT J AU Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM El-Awady, JA Parthasarathy, TA Uchic, MD Woodward, C AF Rao, S. I. Dimiduk, D. M. El-Awady, J. A. Parthasarathy, T. A. Uchic, M. D. Woodward, C. TI Atomistic simulations of cross-slip nucleation at screw dislocation intersections in face-centered cubic nickel SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE cross-slip; dislocation intersections; atomistic simulations; embedded atom potentials; dislocation dynamics simulations ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FCC CRYSTALS; PURE COPPER; MODEL AB The Escaig model for thermally activated cross-slip in face-centered cubic (fcc) materials assumes that cross-slip preferentially occurs at obstacles that produce large stress gradients on the Shockley partials of the screw dislocations. However, it is unclear as to the source, identity and concentration of such obstacles in single-phase fcc materials. Embedded atom potential, molecular-statics simulations of screw character dislocation intersections with 120 degrees forest dislocations in fcc Ni are described that illustrate a mechanism for cross-slip nucleation. The simulations show how such intersections readily produce cross-slip nuclei and thus may be preferential sites for cross-slip. The energies of the dislocation intersection cores are estimated and it is shown that a partially cross-slipped configuration for the intersection is the most stable. In addition, simple three-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulations accounting for Shockley partials are shown to qualitatively reproduce the atomistically determined core structures for the same dislocation intersections. C1 [Dimiduk, D. M.; Uchic, M. D.; Woodward, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rao, S. I.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [El-Awady, J. A.] UTC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Woodward, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.woodward@wpafb.af.mil RI El-Awady, Jaafar/A-8020-2010; Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011; El-Awady, Jaafar/E-8551-2010 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754; El-Awady, Jaafar/0000-0002-5715-2481 FU AFOSR FX The authors acknowledge use of the 3D molecular dynamics code, LAAMPS, which was developed at Sandia National Laboratory by Dr. Steve Plimpton and co-workers. The authors also acknowledge use of the 'Matlab' version of 3D dislocation dynamics code, ParaDiS, which was developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory by the ParaDiS team. This work was supported by the AFOSR, and by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program, at the Aeronautical Systems Center/Major Shared Resource Center. The work was performed at the U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2009 VL 89 IS 34-36 BP 3351 EP 3369 AR PII 917302643 DI 10.1080/14786430903286201 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 528XV UT WOS:000272481200015 ER PT S AU Ibey, BL Roach, WP Pakhomov, AG AF Ibey, Bennett L. Roach, William P. Pakhomov, Andrei G. BE MahadevanJansen, A Jansen, ED TI Quantification of Cell Sensitivity to Nanosecond Duration Electrical Pulses SO PHOTONS AND NEURONS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photons and Neurons CY JAN 25-26, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Nanosecond Electrical Pulses; Patch Clamp Technique; Electroporation; Nanopore ID MEMBRANE PERMEABILIZATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; FIELD NSPEF; ELECTROPORATION; APOPTOSIS; TISSUES AB Cellular exposure to nanosecond duration electrical pulses (nsEP) has been shown to elicit a marked decrease in plasma membrane resistance hypothesized to be due to formation of nanopores. Patch clamp technique has been used to measure changes in plasma membrane resistance immediately following nsEP exposure. Previous research by our group identified absorbed dose as a single metric to quantify cellular exposure across various pulse parameters. In that work, the relationship between the drop in membrane resistance and absorbed dose was hypothesized to be a measure of cell sensitivity to nsEP. In this study, we explore this hypothesis by employing patch clamp technique prior to exposure to measure whole cell currents at time points before and after exposure. Using two cell lines (GH3 and CHO), dose response curves were generated for single 60ns pulse exposures at 10 and 90 seconds post exposure. From this data, it was evident that dose response curves at 10 seconds post exposure showed increased permeability following nsEP exposure compared to 90 seconds post exposure. We attribute this difference to active recovery of the cell to nanoporation. However, at 90 seconds, the results for both cell types appeared to nearly match previously published results proving that a cell in whole cell configuration is slightly more sensitive to nsEP exposure. Future work will extend this study to include multiple nsEP exposures and additional cell lines. C1 [Ibey, Bennett L.; Roach, William P.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Radio Frequency Ra, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Ibey, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Radio Frequency Ra, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7426-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7180 AR 71800U DI 10.1117/12.808016 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSS62 UT WOS:000285713100015 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Heinz, H Feng, J Farmer, BL Slocik, JM Drummy, LF Naik, RR AF Pandey, R. B. Heinz, Hendrik Feng, Jie Farmer, Barry L. Slocik, Joseph M. Drummy, Lawrence F. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Adsorption of peptides (A3, Flg, Pd2, Pd4) on gold and palladium surfaces by a coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SILICO; DYNAMICS; NANOPARTICLES; PLATELETS; PROTEINS; KINETICS AB Monte Carlo simulations are performed to study adsorption and desorption of coarse-grained peptide chains on generic gold and palladium surfaces in the presence of solvent. The atomistic structural details are ignored within the amino acid residues; however, their specificity and hydrophobicity are incorporated via an interaction matrix guided by atomistic simulation. Adsorption probabilities of the peptides A3, Flg, Pd2, Pd4, Gly(10), Pro(10) on gold and palladium surfaces are studied via analysis of the mobility of each residue, the interaction energy with the surface, profiles of the proximity to the surface, the radius of gyration, and comparisons to homopolymers. In contrast to the desorption of Gly10 and Pro10 (with faster global dynamics), peptides Pd2, Pd4, Flg, and A3 exhibit various degrees of adsorption on gold and palladium surfaces (with relatively slower dynamics). Adsorption on both gold and palladium occurs through aromatic anchoring residues Tyr(2) and Phe(12) in A3, Tyr(2) in Flg, Phe(2), His(10) and His(12) in Pd2, and His(6) and His(11) in Pd4. A lower (more negative) surface-interaction energy of these residues and lower mobility on palladium lead us to conclude that they are slightly more likely to be adsorbed on palladium surfaces than on gold. C1 [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Heinz, Hendrik; Feng, Jie] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Farmer, Barry L.; Slocik, Joseph M.; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU University of Akron; Ohio Supercomputing Center FX Support from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) is gratefully acknowledged. H.H. and J.F. acknowledge further support from the University of Akron and from the Ohio Supercomputing Center. NR 32 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1989 EP 2001 DI 10.1039/b816187a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 417SJ UT WOS:000264097700013 PM 19280010 ER PT J AU Stickney, JA Squires, MB Scoville, J Baker, P Miller, S AF Stickney, James A. Squires, Matthew B. Scoville, James Baker, Paul Miller, Steven TI Collisional decoherence in trapped-atom interferometers that use nondegenerate sources SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atom optics; collision processes; interferometers; light coherence; Monte Carlo methods; particle interferometry ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; PHASE DIFFUSION; WAVE INTERFEROMETRY AB The coherence time, and thus sensitivity, of trapped-atom interferometers that use nondegenerate gases are limited by the collisions between the atoms. An analytic model that describes the effects of collisions between atoms in an interferometer is developed. It is then applied to an interferometer using a harmonically trapped nondegenerate atomic gas that is manipulated with a single set of standing wave laser pulses. The model is used to find the optimal operating conditions of the interferometer and direct Monte Carlo simulation of the interferometer is used to verify the analytic model. C1 [Stickney, James A.] Space Dynam Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. [Squires, Matthew B.; Scoville, James; Baker, Paul; Miller, Steven] Hanscom AFB, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Stickney, JA (reprint author), Space Dynam Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2301DS/03VS02COR]; DARPA FX We would like to thank Alexey Tonyushkin, Mara Prentiss, Alex Zozulya, and Val Bykovsky for their useful conversations on this subject. The authors acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under program/task 2301DS/03VS02COR and DARPA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 013618 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.013618 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 401YE UT WOS:000262979000146 ER PT J AU Gumbs, G Huang, D Echenique, PM AF Gumbs, Godfrey Huang, Danhong Echenique, P. M. TI Comparing the image potentials for intercalated graphene with a two-dimensional electron gas with and without a gated grating SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE carbon; gallium arsenide; hopping conduction; III-V semiconductors; insulating thin films; semiconductor heterojunctions; two-dimensional electron gas ID INVERSE-PHOTOEMISSION; METAL-SURFACES; STATES; GRAPHITE; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING AB We calculate the surface response function and the image potential of a system of layered two-dimensional (2D) electron gas structures. A point charge is placed at a distance away from the surface which lies in the xy- plane. These 2D layers are coupled through the Coulomb interaction and there is no interlayer electron hopping. The separation between adjacent layers can be adjusted to investigate the roles which the layer separation and the number of layers play on both the surface response function and the image potential. Specifically, we consider the system composed of graphene layers or the layered 2D electron gas (EG) formed at the interface of a semiconductor heterostructure such as GaAs/AlGaAs. We show that the image potential for graphene is qualitatively the same as for the 2DEG. We examine the way in which the image potential is modified by applying a one-dimensional periodic electrostatic potential (through a gated grating for modulation). The results indicate that the charge screening for graphene is not much different from the 2DEG. C1 [Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey; Echenique, P. M.] UPV, CSIC, Ctr Mixto, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Gumbs, Godfrey; Echenique, P. M.] Univ Basque Country, Fac Quim, Dept Fis Mat, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Gumbs, Godfrey; Echenique, P. M.] DIPC, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. RP Gumbs, G (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. RI CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 FU AFRL [FA 9453-07-C-0207]; (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) FX This work was supported by AFRL under Contract No. FA 9453-07-C-0207 and the (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR). NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 AR 035410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.035410 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401YA UT WOS:000262978200108 ER PT B AU Wellems, LD Huang, DH Leskova, TA Maradudin, AA AF Wellems, L. David Huang, D. H. Leskova, T. A. Maradudin, A. A. GP ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD TI Optical Spectrum and Electromagnetic-Field Distribution at Double-Groove Metallic Surface Gratings SO PIERS 2009 MOSCOW VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2009 Moscow) CY AUG 12-21, 2009 CL Moscow, RUSSIA SP Moscow State Inst Radio Engn, Elect & Automat, Russian New Univ, NVK, VIST, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Russian Acad Sci, Sci Res Inst Automat Equipment na acad VS Semenihina, VIMPEL Interstate Corp, Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat, Res Lab Elect, Electromagnet Acad ID TRANSMISSION; LIGHT; PLASMONS; FILMS AB The Greens function model [8] for calculating the reflection and transmission of light at etched single-groove gratings on both sides of a thin silver film was extended to study the case of double-groove gratings. A splitting of surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) modes was found due to electromagnetic (EM) coupling between the two grooves in the complex unit-cell of the grating. Spectral features corresponding to the split SPP branches as well as the minigap between them were found in this system. From the full spatial distributions of the total EM field, the high-surface-field regions, the coupling between two grooves in the same complex unit-cell and the coupling between two nearby grooves located at the upper and lower surfaces of the metal film can be identified. C1 [Wellems, L. David; Huang, D. H.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wellems, LD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA BN 978-1-934142-10-3 PY 2009 BP 1378 EP 1382 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BOF79 UT WOS:000276497300290 ER PT J AU Tomczak, SJ Wright, ME Guenthner, AJ Petteys, BJ Minton, TK Brunsvold, A Vij, V McGrath, LM Mabry, JM AF Tomczak, S. J. Wright, M. E. Guenthner, A. J. Petteys, B. J. Minton, T. K. Brunsvold, A. Vij, V. McGrath, L. M. Mabry, J. M. BE Mittal, KL TI Space-Survivability and Characterization of Main-Chain and Side-Chain POSS-Kapton (R) Polyimides SO POLYIMIDES AND OTHER HIGH-TEMPERATURE POLYMERS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High-Temperature Polymers - Synthesis, Characterization and Applications/MST Conferences CY NOV 05-07, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP MST Conf DE Hyperthermal atomic oxygen; polyimide; Kapton; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; POSS; space environment; polymer erosion; low Earth orbit ID INCOMPLETELY-CONDENSED SILSESQUIOXANES; ATOMIC OXYGEN-RESISTANT; MEDIATED CLEAVAGE; NANOCOMPOSITES; POSS; POLYMERS; ROUTE AB Kapton (R) polyimide is an extensively used space material in solar arrays, spacecraft thermal blankets and space inflatable structures. Upon exposure to atomic oxygen (AO) in low Earth orbit (LEO), Kapton (R) is severely degraded. An effective approach to prevent this erosion is chemically bonding polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) into the polyimide matrix by copolymerization of POSS-diamine with the polyimide monomers. POSS is a silicon and oxygen cage-like structure surrounded by organic groups which can be polymerizable. The copolymerization of POSS provides Si and O in the polyimide matrix on the nano-level. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies on POSS-Kapton (R) polyimides exposed to AO from a hyperthermal AO beam generated in ground-based facilities, and in LEO on a 3.9 year flight on the Materials International Space Station Experiment-1 (MISSE-1), show that a silica surface layer forms on POSS-Kapton (R) polyimide films in AO-rich environments. After exposure to a fluence of 8.5 x 10(20) O atoms/cm(2) in simulated LEO facility, erosion yields of 3.5 and 7 wt% Si8O11 main chain (MC) POSS-Kapton (R) samples were 3.7 and 0.98 percent, respectively, of the erosion yield for commercial Kapton H (R). MC-and SC-POSS-Kaptons (R) were found to have similar physical properties and comparable AO-resistance in a simulated LEO environment. C1 [Tomczak, S. J.; Mabry, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Mat Applicat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Tomczak, SJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Mat Applicat Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM sandra.tomczak@edwards.af.mil RI Brunsvold, Amy/H-4315-2016 OI Brunsvold, Amy/0000-0001-9257-2978 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU E J BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-474-2411-6 PY 2009 BP 227 EP 245 PG 19 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BBY83 UT WOS:000308911600012 ER PT J AU Bai, ZW Juhl, SB Venkat, N Dang, TD AF Bai, Zongwu Juhl, Shane B. Venkat, Narayanan Dang, Thuy D. BE Mittal, KL TI High-Performance Composite Membranes Based on Sulfonated Polyarylenethioethersulfone and Sulfonated Polybenzimidazole for Fuel Cell Applications SO POLYIMIDES AND OTHER HIGH-TEMPERATURE POLYMERS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Polyimides and Other High-Temperature Polymers - Synthesis, Characterization and Applications/MST Conferences CY NOV 05-07, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP MST Conf DE Sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone (SPTES); sulfonated polybenzimidazole (SPBI); polymer composite; proton exchange membrane (PEM); proton conductivity ID PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; CONDUCTIVITY; BLENDS AB Fabrication of novel composite proton exchange membranes (PEMs) comprising a fully sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone (SPTES) and sulfonated poly(p-phenylene benzobisimidazole) (SPBI) and the evaluation of the membrane properties are described. The composite membrane was obtained via a solvent-cast process in a mixture of DMAc and methanol as solvents. The composite membrane proton conductivity, as measured by four-probe impedance spectroscopy, was found to increase with increase in the SPTES content in the composite. The highest proton conductivity obtained was similar to 80 mS/cm at 65 degrees C and 85% relative humidity for the SPTES/SPBI 70/30 composite membrane which was considerably less than the proton conductivity of 300 mS/cm for the pure SPTES membrane under the same conditions, but it was found that the swelling of the composite membranes was dramatically reduced due to the decreased water uptake of the composite membranes relative to that of SPTES. The morphology of the SPTES/SPBI composite membranes was also examined by a combination of techniques such as Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and tapping mode Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to confirm the dispersion of SPBI and study the composite micro-structure. These studies also involved the preliminary evaluation of the MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) performance of the composite membranes for H-2/O-2 fuel cells applications. C1 [Bai, Zongwu; Venkat, Narayanan] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Dang, TD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E J BRILL PI PA LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, NL-2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-474-2411-6 PY 2009 BP 323 EP 338 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BBY83 UT WOS:000308911600019 ER PT J AU Sherman, NP Kharoufeh, JP Abramson, MA AF Sherman, Nathan P. Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P. Abramson, Mark A. TI AN M/G/1 RETRIAL QUEUE WITH UNRELIABLE SERVER FOR STREAMING MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS SO PROBABILITY IN THE ENGINEERING AND INFORMATIONAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STARTING FAILURES; VACATIONS; BREAKDOWNS; CUSTOMERS; SERVICE; SUBJECT; SYSTEM; MODEL AB As a model for streaming multimedia applications, we study an unreliable retrial queue with infinite-capacity orbit and normal queue for which the retrial rate and the server repair rate are controllable. Customers join the retrial orbit if and only if their service is interrupted by a server failure. Interrupted Customers do not rejoin the normal queue but repeatedly attempt to access the server at independent and identically distributed intervals until it is found functioning and idle. We provide stability conditions, queue length distributions, stochastic decomposition results, and performance measures. The joint optimization of the retrial and server repair rates is also studied. C1 [Sherman, Nathan P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Abramson, Mark A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kharoufeh, Jeffrey P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Ind Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Sherman, NP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Nathan.Sherman@pentagon.af.mil; jkharouf@pitt.edu; Mark.Abramson@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FIATA0634J001] FX We wish to express our gratitude to an anonymous referee and Professor Mark Lewis for several useful comments. This research was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FIATA0634J001). NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0269-9648 J9 PROBAB ENG INFORM SC JI Probab. Eng. Inform. Sci. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 281 EP 304 DI 10.1017/S0269964809000175 PG 24 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 424QW UT WOS:000264582600006 ER PT S AU Swihart, DE Griffin, E AF Swihart, Donald E. Griffin, Edward BE Mastorakis, NE Mladenov, V Bojkovic, Z Kartalopoulos, S Varonides, A Jha, M TI Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System (AUTO GCAS) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH WSEAS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS: RECENT ADVANCES IN SYSTEMS SE Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th WSEAS International Conference on SYSTEMS held at the 13th WSEAS CSCC Multiconference CY JUL 22-24, 2009 CL Rhodes Isl, GREECE SP WSEAS DE automatic; mishap; system; nuisance; simulation AB Currently, all collision avoidance systems on fighter aircraft depend on the pilot taking action whenever a warning is issued by the manual system. Any future substantial reductions in mishap rates require extending the collision avoidance technology to systems that not only warn the pilot but also take control and fly the aircraft out of danger before returning control to the pilot. This paper will discuss the requirements, design methods, and testing of Auto GCAS. It will show why a nuisance warning is considered a higher priority than the aircraft recovery and how an automatic system can be designed to basically eliminate nuisances. It will discuss how the design of a modular automatic collision avoidance system can be transitioned to any number of air vehicles with minimum changes to the basic design. Integrity management will be discussed. The process of testing an automatic system including both simulation and flight test will also be discussed. Discussions on flight test activities including both current and past experience in Auto GCAS is included.. C1 [Swihart, Donald E.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Swihart, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM donald.swihart@wpafb.af.mil; edward.m.griffin@lmco.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE SN 1792-4308 BN 978-960-474-097-0 J9 MATH COMPUT SCI ENG PY 2009 BP 429 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BMF43 UT WOS:000272165400063 ER PT B AU Nowak, M AF Nowak, Michael BE McQuay, W Smari, WW TI The Importance of Trust in a Layered Sensing Construct SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 18-22, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ACM, IFIP DE Layered sensing; trust; autonomic networks; situation awareness C1 USAF, Res Lab, Auton Trusted Sensing Persistent Intelligence Div, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Nowak, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Auton Trusted Sensing Persistent Intelligence Div, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. EM michael.nowak@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4585-1 PY 2009 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1109/CTS.2009.5067466 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLS38 UT WOS:000270937300011 ER PT B AU Erickson, J AF Erickson, John BE McQuay, W Smari, WW TI Trust Metrics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems CY MAY 18-22, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, ACM, IFIP DE Autonomic trusted sensing; layered sensing; metrics; trust; trustworthiness AB We expect our access to use outside information to be a simple affair. We know we need specific information ... we know someone is collecting or generating it ... we know someone is processing it ... we know someone is transmitting it to us ... we expect it to be perfect. But that is where everything breaks down because each of us comes up with a different conclusion (using similar information). One reason is related to the Qualia argument [1] that "all of our sensors are calibrated to ourselves and that we interpret inputs differently". There is a quantization-like error, or noise, in all of the inputs we take in that corrupts, or alters, the results of our internal processes. Another reason is that the information we are consuming is corrupted, either unintentionally or intentionally, somewhere between its conception and processing to a final result. Both of these reasons are related to Trust. However, Trust means something different to everyone. The question becomes "how do we measure Trust so we know how the information we want to use will affect the results"? The Autonomic Trusted Sensing for Persistent Intelligence (ATSPI) Technology Office is following a scientific approach to understand, assess, and react to Trust measurements. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Auton Trusted Sensing Persistent Intelligence ATS, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Erickson, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Auton Trusted Sensing Persistent Intelligence ATS, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. EM john.erickson@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4585-1 PY 2009 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1109/CTS.2009.5067467 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BLS38 UT WOS:000270937300012 ER PT J AU Rogers, MM Huffman, RE Shearer, CM AF Rogers, Marshall M. Huffman, Richard E., Jr. Shearer, Christopher M. GP ION TI An Investigation into the Feasibility of using a Modern Gravity Gradiometer Instrument for Passive Aircraft Navigation and Terrain Avoidance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - ITM 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 26-28, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA ID GRADIENTS AB Over the past decade, Gravity Gradient Instruments (GGIs) have improved remarkably in accuracy due to the development and refinement of a variety of accelerometer technologies. Some specialized GGIs are currently flown on aircraft for geological purposes in the mining industries and, as such, gravity gradient data is recorded in flight and detailed gradient maps are created after post mission processing. These maps, if stored in a database onboard an aircraft and combined with a GGI, form the basis for a covert navigation system using a process known as the "map matching" method. This system, if it could be successfully implemented, would be completely passive - impervious to conventional jamming methods and relying only on local gravity gradient measurements from an onboard sensor. This paper entails an investigation into the feasibility of using a modern GGI on an airborne platform for covert navigation and terrain avoidance by quantifying navigation performance in different flight scenarios (low, medium, & high altitudes and velocities). Previous studies using gravity gradiometers have been accomplished with promising results (some theoretical gradiometers have been predicted to produce GPS-like navigation accuracy). However, "rotating disk" style gradiometers are the only type currently used in airborne surveys. While major improvements have been made to these instruments, they still produce noise at least an order of magnitude too high for useful aircraft navigation purposes. This research focuses on the implementation of an airborne superconducting GGI, currently in flight test, which has demonstrated approximately 10x better sensitivity than the rotating disk GGI in a laboratory setting. To demonstrate whether or not this technology is currently feasible, a model of the GGI sensor was developed to investigate signal levels at representative flight conditions. Using the sensor model, representative aircraft trajectories were "flown" over modeled gravity gradient maps to determine the utility of flying current GGIs in the roles of terrain avoidance and navigation. The results of the GGI simulations at different altitudes, velocities, gravity gradient map resolutions and gradiometer sensitivities will be presented and discussed. It is shown that the map matching superconducting GGI navigation system has the potential to provide a marked improvement over a non-aided INS in some cases but is limited by the drop in gravity gradient strength at higher altitudes, particularly in areas of smooth terrain, and the availability and accuracy of gradient maps. It was originally hypothesized that the GGI could also be used for terrain avoidance due to the rapid signal change as rising terrain is approached. However, GGI gradient production rate and bandwidth limitations, along with the inverse nature of the terrain avoidance problem, rendered GGI aided terrain avoidance unfeasible for the time being. C1 [Rogers, Marshall M.; Huffman, Richard E., Jr.; Shearer, Christopher M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rogers, MM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2009 BP 49 EP 60 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPT37 UT WOS:000279863400006 ER PT J AU Bingham, JK Veth, MJ AF Bingham, Jason K. Veth, Michael J. GP ION TI Vision-Aided, Cooperative Navigation for Multiple Unmanned Vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - ITM 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 26-28, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA AB In the recent past, a shift has taken place from manned to unmanned Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions. This shift has lead to an increase in the number of unmanned vehicles (UV) operating in a theater. Additionally, removal of the crew allows for a reduction in the scale of the vehicles, which in turn leads to an increased ability to operate in GPS degraded environments. These environments include but are not limited to urban canyons, caves, and building interiors. With the loss of GPS signal the vehicles must rely on Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) which when reduced to an appropriate size are inherently inaccurate. As the reliance on these vehicles increases so does the desire for ever more accurate navigation and targeting. In this paper, we endeavor to exploit three attributes of the increase in UV use for ISR missions. The first attribute is the increased numbers of UVs in a theater, while the remaining two attributes of on-board vision systems and wireless communication are inherent in the ISR mission. This paper's focus is the development and validation of a cooperative navigation system based on the measurement of UV position relative to shared landmark position estimates. Each UV in the network locates landmarks using it's on-board vision system and transmits the data to all other system UVs. After receiving data from the other UVs, the system uses the landmarks as additional measurements. The system is evaluated using Matlab simulation. Three simulations are created to perform the evaluation. The first provides individual position and attitude estimates without interaction between the UVs. The second provides the same estimates using the cooperative system without ranging information between UVs while the third includes ranging. The results of the simulations are used to demonstrate the improvements provided by the utilization of shared landmarks. C1 [Bingham, Jason K.; Veth, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bingham, JK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2009 BP 804 EP 813 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPT37 UT WOS:000279863400079 ER PT J AU Gray, JR Veth, MJ AF Gray, Jeff R. Veth, Michael J. GP ION TI Deeply-Integrated Feature Tracking for Embedded Navigation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION - ITM 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 26-28, 2009 CL Anaheim, CA AB The Air Force Institute of Technology is investigating techniques to improve aircraft navigation using low-cost imaging and inertial sensors [1]. Stationary features tracked within the image are used to improve the inertial navigation estimate. Features are tracked using a correspondence search between frames. Previous research investigated aiding these correspondence searches using inertial measurements (i.e., stochastic projection) [2]. While this research demonstrated the benefits of further sensor integration, it still relied on robust feature descriptors (e.g., SIFT or SURF) to obtain a reliable correspondence match in the presence of rotation and scale changes. Unfortunately, these robust feature extraction algorithms are computationally intensive and require significant resources for real-time operation. Simpler feature extraction algorithms are much more efficient, but their feature descriptors are not invariant to scale, rotation, or affine warping which limits matching performance during arbitrary motion. This research uses inertial measurements to predict not only the location of the feature in the next image but also the feature descriptor, resulting in robust correspondence matching with low computational overhead. Navigation experiments using the previous and newly developed filter updates are presented. C1 [Gray, Jeff R.; Veth, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Adv Nav Technol Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gray, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Adv Nav Technol Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2009 BP 1018 EP 1025 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BPT37 UT WOS:000279863400104 ER PT S AU Jordan, JD Melouk, SH Faas, PD AF Jordan, Jeremy D. Melouk, Sharif H. Faas, Paul D. GP IEEE TI ANALYZING PRODUCTION MODIFICATIONS OF A C-130 ENGINE REPAIR FACILITY USING SIMULATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC 2009 ), VOL 1-4 SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2009 CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE AB The LRAFB C-130 engine repair facility is one of the top T-56 engine refurbishing plants in the United States Air Force. Currently, the shop is prevented from testing potential contingencies within their environment due to the rapid nature of their engine repair process. A simulation approach is needed to test various scenarios and determine the maximum capacity the shop can handle in its current configuration. Particularly, the simulation describes the consequences of increasing engine production on the shops personnel and throughput production figures for several policy variations. A detailed verification and validation of the model are shown, establishing the computational efficacy of the model in preparation for the comparative analysis. The model is a starting block for an Air Force wide analysis of C-130 engine rebuilding production needs with an overarching goal of standardization in repair methods and efficient operations. C1 [Jordan, Jeremy D.; Faas, Paul D.] USAF, Res Lab, Area B, Bldg 190, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Melouk, Sharif H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Informat Syst Stat & Management Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Jordan, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Area B, Bldg 190, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeremy.jordan@us.af.mil; smelouk@cba.us.edu; paul.faas@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-5770-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2009 BP 1729 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BUJ11 UT WOS:000289492501025 ER PT S AU Issa, RRA Suermann, PC Olbina, S AF Issa, Raja R. A. Suermann, Patrick C. Olbina, Svetlana GP IEEE TI USE OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELS IN SIMULATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC 2009 ), VOL 1-4 SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2009 CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE AB The transition to Building Information Modeling (BIM) represents a substantial shift from existing business practices in the architecture, engineering, construction, and facility operations (AECO) arena. While the move from drafting to computer aided design (CAD) sought to automate an existing business practice, successful BIM virtually builds a structure first. Similar to the virtual prototypes in the manufacturing industry, now AECO designers and maintainers can use these virtual models for evaluating various courses of action for improved design and construction. This is especially true in the area of sustainability analysis for design factors such as day-lighting, climate control, and energy usage. This paper will address new emerging business processes stemming from BIM simulations. C1 [Issa, Raja R. A.; Olbina, Svetlana] Univ Florida, Rinker Sch Bldg Construct, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Suermann, Patrick C.] USAF, Ctr Engn & Environm, San Antonio, TX 78231 USA. RP Issa, RRA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Rinker Sch Bldg Construct, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM raymond-issa@ufl.edu; patrick.suermann@brooks.af.mil; solbina@ufl.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-5770-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2009 BP 2534 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BUJ11 UT WOS:000289492501104 ER PT J AU Storms, WF Raquet, JF AF Storms, William F. Raquet, John F. BA Wang, J Feng, Y Wang, C BF Wang, J Feng, Y Wang, C TI Magnetic Field Aided Vehicle Tracking SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-09) CY SEP 22-25, 2009 CL Savannah, GA AB This paper investigates the possibility of using magnetic field variation to navigate in an indoor environment, where satellite signals would not be available and where magnetic anomalies are known to exist. The approach used is a multi-beam terrain navigation algorithm adapted to use magnetic field intensity from a three-axis magnetometer. A previous outdoor effort used a similar approach, but combines the three magnetic measurements to look at the total magnitude of the magnetic field at a specific point in space. The new method described uses three-axis magnetometer measurements, which provides a more unique position solution than using the total magnitude. The position measurement is then incorporated with an inertial navigation systems position estimate using a Kalman filter. The magnetic aided position algorithm was tested in both a vehicle positioning algorithm (single vehicle) and a vehicle tracking algorithm (two vehicles in a lead/trail configuration). Sub-meter level navigation accuracies are shown for both of these cases using real magnetic field data in a hallway at the Air Force Institute of Technology. C1 [Storms, William F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Storms, WF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2009 BP 1767 EP 1774 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BSG19 UT WOS:000284356201079 ER PT B AU Voevodin, AA Muratore, C Aouadi, SA AF Voevodin, A. A. Muratore, C. Aouadi, S. A. BE Sohrab, SH Catrakis, HJ Kobasko, N TI Thermal Load Adaptive Surfaces with Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH IASME/WSEAS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HEAT TRANSFER, THERMAL ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENT (HTE'09) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Heat Transfer, Thermal Engineering and Environment (HTE '09) CY AUG 20-22, 2009 CL Moscow, RUSSIA SP IASME, WSEAS DE phase change material; thermal storage; surface heating; microelectronics AB The performance stabilization of microelectronic devices and components can benefit from maintaining a constant temperature profile during short term transient loading events. The paper investigates the utility of phase change materials (PCMs) encapsulated as micro-reservoirs within a Si wafer surface for short term thermal energy storage as one possible solution to mitigate temperature transient spikes and provide adaptive surfaces to accommodate thermal loads. Patterned silicon Substrates with 20 micron wide by 10 micron deep holes were prepared with reactive ion etch Surface processing. The holes were filled with a paraffin wax known to undergo melting at a target operating temperature of <60 degrees C. An infrared microscope was used to identify temperature maps for specific regions on the surface under both homogeneous and localized thermal load. For a homogeneous thermal load, the temperature was adjusted over the entire surface sample area using an actively heated and cooled sample stage. A transient and highly localized surface heating was accomplished with a 15 micron diameter Pulsed infrared laser spot. These techniques helped to quantify the thermal response of the composite Si/PCM surfaces during melting of embedded PCM. The composite Si/PCM surfaces demonstrated about 0.1 J cm(-2) areal thermal storage density. Results for the in-situ transient temperature investigations of Si/PCM surfaces are discussed as possible means for maintenance of a constant surface temperature during thermal load transient events. C1 [Voevodin, A. A.; Muratore, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Aouadi, S. A.] Southern Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Voevodin, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andrey.voevodin@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE BN 978-960-474-105-2 PY 2009 BP 44 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BNE72 UT WOS:000274284200005 ER PT B AU Mihigo, JP Malloy, DJ Vining, CR McNiel, CM Kidman, DS Stevens, CA Monaco, JF AF Mihigo, Jean Paul Malloy, Donald J. Vining, Charles R. McNiel, Charles M. Kidman, David S. Stevens, Craig A. Monaco, Jeffrey F. GP ASME TI THE NEED TO ADDRESS AEROMECHANICAL T&E REQUIREMENTS DURING ENGINE INLET DISTORTION TESTING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2009, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th ASME Turbo Expo 2009 CY JUN 08-12, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The need to address aeromechanical measurement requirements to fully characterize the impact of engine inlet distortion on the aeromechanical response of turbine engine fan blades is highlighted. Vibratory responses of a turbine engine fan with two distortion patterns are analyzed and compared. Fourier analysis is used to characterize the harmonic content of the vibration through amplitude coefficients associated with engine order. The effect of varying the number and orientation of the pressure distortion rake measurements is also analyzed. The key point presented, which ultimately has implications on the test procedures and the interpretation of the results, is that the number of rakes in the measurement array must be sufficient to accurately resolve the spatial distortion data into per-rev excitation amplitudes. C1 [Mihigo, Jean Paul; Malloy, Donald J.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Integrated Test & Evaluat Dept, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RP Mihigo, JP (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Integrated Test & Evaluat Dept, 877 Hap Arnold Dr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. EM jean.mihigo@arnold.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4882-1 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BON15 UT WOS:000277052900001 ER PT B AU Anderson, WS Polanka, MD Zelina, J Evans, DS Stouffer, SD Justinger, GR AF Anderson, Wesly S. Polanka, Marc D. Zelina, Joseph Evans, Dave S. Stouffer, Scott D. Justinger, Garth R. GP ASME TI EFFECTS OF A REACTING CROSS-STREAM ON TURBINE FILM COOLING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2009, VOL 3, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th ASME Turbo Expo 2009 CY JUN 08-12, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Film cooling plays a critical role in providing effective thermal protection to components in modern gas turbine engines. A significant effort has been undertaken over the last 40 years to improve the distribution of coolant and to ensure that the airfoil is protected by this coolant from the hot gases in the freestream. This film, under conditions with high fuel air ratios, may actually be detrimental to the underlying metal. The presence of unburned fuel from an upstream combustor may interact with this oxygen rich film coolant jet resulting in secondary combustion. The completion of the reactions can increase the gas temperature locally resulting in higher heat transfer to the airfoil directly along the path line of the film coolant jet. This secondary combustion could damage the turbine blade, resulting in costly repair, reduction in turbine life, or even engine failure. However, knowledge of film cooling in a reactive flow is very limited. The current study explores the interaction of cooling flow from typical cooling holes with the exhaust of a fuel-rich well-stirred reactor operating at high temperatures over a flat plate. Surface temperatures, heat flux, and heat transfer coefficients are calculated for a variety of reactor fuel-to-air ratios, cooling hole geometries, and blowing ratios. Emphasis is placed on the difference between a normal cylindrical hole, an inclined cylindrical hole, and a fan shaped cooling hole. When both air and nitrogen are injected through the cooling holes, the changes in surface temperature can be directly correlated to the presence of the reaction. Photographs of the localized burning are presented to verify the extent and locations of the reaction. C1 [Anderson, Wesly S.; Polanka, Marc D.; Zelina, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Anderson, WS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4884-5 PY 2009 BP 1345 EP 1353 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BON21 UT WOS:000277056900118 ER PT J AU Roquemore, WM Katta, V Stouffer, S Belovich, V Pawlik, R Arstingstall, M Justinger, G Gord, J Lynch, A Zelina, J Roy, S AF Roquemore, W. M. Katta, V. Stouffer, S. Belovich, V. Pawlik, R. Arstingstall, M. Justinger, G. Gord, J. Lynch, A. Zelina, J. Roy, S. TI Soot studies of laminar diffusion flames with recirculation zones SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Soot; Recirculation zone; Flame structure; Centerbody; Laminar-flow ID BODY STABILIZED FLAME; BLUFF; COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY AB This paper describes the unusual sooting structure of three flames established by the laminar recirculation zones of a centerbody burner. The vertically mounted burner consists of an annular air jet and a central fuel jet separated by a bluff-body. The three ethylene fueled-flames are identified as: fully sooting, donut-shape, and ring-shape sooting flames. Different shapes of the soot structures are obtained by varying the N(2) dilution in the fuel and air jets while maintaining a constant air and fuel velocity of 1.2 m/s. All three flames have the unusual characteristic that the soot, entrained into the recirculation zone, follows discrete spiral trajectories that terminate at the center of the vortex. The questions are what cause: (1) the unusual sooting structures and (2) the spiral trajectories of the soot? Flame photographs, laser sheet visualizations, and calculations with a 2D CFD-based code (UNICORN) are used to answer these questions. The different sooting structures are related to the spiral,,transport of the soot, the spatial location of the stoichiometric flame surface with respect to the vortex center, and the burnout of the soot particles. Computations indicate that the spiral trajectories of the soot particles are due to thermophoresis. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Roquemore, W. M.; Belovich, V.; Pawlik, R.; Gord, J.; Lynch, A.; Zelina, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stouffer, S.; Arstingstall, M.; Justinger, G.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Katta, V.; Roy, S.] ISSI, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Roquemore, WM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, AFRL RZTC BLDG 490,1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.roquemore@wpafb.af.mil FU SERDP; Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of Bruce Sartwell of the SERDP program office and the Turbine Engine Division of the Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. We also appreciate the work of Kyle Frische and Keith Grinstead, Jr., on the camera and laser-interface electronics; Jack Yoder for the illustration of the experimental set-tip; and Jennifer James for editorial assistance. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 729 EP 736 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.104 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CG UT WOS:000264756800081 ER PT J AU Rieker, GB Jeffries, JB Hanson, RK Mathur, T Gruber, MR Carter, CD AF Rieker, G. B. Jeffries, J. B. Hanson, R. K. Mathur, T. Gruber, M. R. Carter, C. D. TI Diode laser-based detection of combustor instabilities with application to a scramjet engine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Scramjet; Instability; Unstart; Combustor; Sensor ID SWIRL-STABILIZED COMBUSTOR; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS; ABSORPTION SENSOR; LEAN BLOWOUT; SPECTROSCOPY; OSCILLATIONS; INLET AB Fluctuations in temperature non-uniformity along the line-of-sight of a diode laser absorption sensor in a model scramjet are found to precede backpressure-induced unstart (expulsion of the isolator shock train). A novel detection strategy combining Fourier analysis of temperature time series to determine low-frequency heat release fluctuations with simultaneous measurements of multiple absorption features of H2O to identify temperature non-uniformities was applied-to the scramjet combustor. Time-resolved absorption is measured using wavelength modulation spectroscopy for three transitions chosen with different tempera tu re-dependent absorption characteristics. The line-of-sight (LOS)-averaged temperature inferred from the ratio of absorption from one pair of transitions is highly sensitive to low-temperature non-uniformities along the absorption path while the other ratio is less sensitive. The fraction of fluctuations in the range 1 < f < 50 Hz is determined from short-time Fourier transforms (STFTs) of the measured temperatures from both transition pairs. The ratio of these fractions provides a robust measure of the low-frequency fluctuations in temperature non-uniformities in the flow. Measurements in a scramjet test rig indicate a distinct increase in low-frequency fluctuations of low-temperature gases several seconds before the isolator shock train is forced out of the inlet by heat addition to the combustor. Though the precise cause of the fluctuations remains unknown, the detection method shows promise for use in control schemes to avoid back pressure-induced unstarts. (c) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rieker, G. B.; Jeffries, J. B.; Hanson, R. K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, High Temp Gasdynam Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mathur, T.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Gruber, M. R.; Carter, C. D.] USAF, Res Lab, RZAS, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Rieker, GB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, High Temp Gasdynam Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM grieker@stanfordalumni.org FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Aerospace and Materials Science Directorate, with Julian Tishkoff as technical monitor. The authors thank Andrew Fahrland and Andree Houle for help conducting experiments at AFRL. Document WPAFB 07-0554, approved for public release: distribution unlimited. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 EI 1873-2704 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 831 EP 838 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.114 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CG UT WOS:000264756800093 ER PT J AU Katta, VR Roquemore, WA Gord, J AF Katta, Viswanath. R. Roquemore, William A. Gord, James TI Examination of laminar-flamelet concept using vortex/flame interactions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Flamelet theory; Vortex/flame interaction; Micro-vortex; Non-premixed flame; Extinction ID JET DIFFUSION FLAMES; COMBUSTION; UNSTEADY; MODELS AB The laminar-flamelet concept for turbulent non-premixed combustion is examined through a study of vortex/flame interactions in a hydrogen/air, opposing-jet non-premixed flame. Vortices with sizes ranging from centimeter to sub-millimeter are injected toward the flame surface. The vortex-injection velocity is selected such that every interaction results in (1) flame extinction and (2) the ratio between the vortex-turnaround and the chemical time scales falling in the laminar-flamelet regime of turbulent combustion. The dynamic changes that occur to the flame structure during its interaction with the vortex are mapped onto a scalar-dissipation-rate scale. It is found that not only the scalar-dissipation rate but also the size of the vortex (eddy) is required for describing the flame-stretching process. The large centimeter-size vortex, irrespective of the propagation velocity, wrinkles and strains the flame before causing local extinction, which represents typical laminar-flamelet behavior. On the other hand, the small sub-millimeter-size vortex replaces the local fluid in the flame zone with fresh air and destroys the flame structure without causing any wrinkling or stretching of the reaction zone, which represents non-flamelet behavior. Interactions with millimeter-size vortices are found to deviate gradually from the flamelet behavior as the vortex size decreases, Vortex/flame interactions that do not follow laminar-flamelet behavior produce very high heat-release rates that are not observed in stretched planar flames. Similar deviations from flamelet behavior are observed in methane and ethylene flames. Since turbulent eddies are two to three orders of magnitude smaller than a millimeter-size vortex, caution must be exercised when applying laminar-flamelet theory to turbulent-combustion modeling. (c) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Katta, Viswanath. R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Roquemore, William A.; Gord, James] USAF, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Katta, VR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM vrkatta@crinet.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research AFOSR [F33615-00-C-2068] FX Financial support for this work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, Dr. Julian Tishkof) and Air Force Contract No. F33615-00-C-2068 (Dr. Vincent Belovich). The authors thank Ms. Marian Whitaker for editorial help. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 1019 EP 1026 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.07.013 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CG UT WOS:000264756800116 ER PT J AU Katta, VR Roquemore, WM Menon, A Lee, SY Santoro, RJ Litzinger, TA AF Katta, Viswanath R. Roquemore, William M. Menon, Arvind Lee, Seong-Young Santoro, Robert J. Litzinger, Thomas A. TI Impact of soot on flame flicker SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Diffusion flame; Flicker; Buoyancy; Soot; Radiation ID JET DIFFUSION FLAMES; ETHYLENE AB The impetus for the present study is a perceived anomaly in which. a vertically mounted ethylene jet diffusion flame used to study soot is observed to be steady; whereas similar flames used in other studies have been observed to flicker or oscillate at a frequency of about 12 Hz. This difference raises a question as to why the sooting flame is steady. A well-validated, Navier-Stokes-based, time-dependent numerical code is used to provide an answer to this question. A prediction is made, and later confirmed by experiments, of a phenomenon that is new to the authors and perhaps to the combustion community. That is, soot radiation can influence flame flicker resulting from a buoyancy-induced instability to such a point that the oscillation is completely suppressed. Experiments are used to validate the prediction and the result of numerical studies of the impact of soot oil flame flicker. It is found that in a jet diffusion flame, the magnitude of flame oscillations (flicker.) decreases with the amount of soot generated in the flame; however, the frequency of the oscillations does not change. Good agreement is obtained between measurements and computations for the dynamic behavior of flames with different soot levels. Both experiments and calculations yield a steady flame when the generated soot is sufficiently high and then produce the initial dynamic flame when the soot formation is restricted. The impact of soot on flame flicker is further studied by performing a simulation for the sooty flame after neglecting radiation from soot. (C) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Roquemore, William M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Menon, Arvind; Lee, Seong-Young; Santoro, Robert J.; Litzinger, Thomas A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Katta, VR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, 2766 Indian Ripple Rd, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. EM vrkatta@erinet.com FU Air Force [F33615-00-C-2068] FX Financial support for this work was provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP, Bruce Sartwell) and Air Force Contract No. F33615-00-C-2068 (Vince Belovich). The authors appreciate the editorial comments of Ms. Marian Whitaker. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 1343 EP 1350 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.152 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CG UT WOS:000264756800155 ER PT J AU Ryan, M Gruber, M Carter, C Mathur, T AF Ryan, Michael Gruber, Mark Carter, Campbell Mathur, Tarun TI Planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging of OH in a supersonic combustor fueled with ethylene and methane SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Scramjet; Supersonic combustion; OH PLIF; Combustor performance; Flameholding ID PERFORMANCE; INJECTION AB A supersonic combustor was experimentally investigated using both conventional instrumentation and laser-based diagnostics. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of OH was used in the main section of the combustor to examine flameholding and flame propagation during it series of evaluations at conditions Simulating Mach-5.5 flight. Parameters of interest in this Study included the angle of the primary fuel injectors, the distribution of fuel throughout the combustor, and the fuel composition. Changes in fuel-injection angle were expected to influence the mixing and combustion processes. and therefore combustor operation. Fuel-distribution variations were expected to modify the flame propagation between flameholding regions. Finally, ethylene and methane were used to examine the suitability of the flameholder designs over a wide range of fuel reactivity. Results suggest that the combustor provides relatively robust flameholding regardless of the fuel used and good flame propagation as long its the fuel distribution provides favorable conditions in the flameholding regions. In addition, the results show that the primary injectors can be useful in controlling certain aspects of combustor operability. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Ryan, Michael] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Gruber, Mark; Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mathur, Tarun] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Ryan, M (reprint author), Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne W Palm Beach,MS 715-83, W Palm Beach, FL 33410 USA. EM Michael.Ryan3@wpafb.af.mil FU Advanced Propulsion Technology Program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AFRL/RZ Research Air Facility FX This work was supported by the Advanced Propulsion Technology Program under the guidance of Robert Mercier and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the guidance of Julian Tishkoff. The authors acknowledge the technical contributions of Stephen Smith of AFRL/RZA and Charles Smith, William Haendiges, Richard Ryman, and Jacob Diemer of Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc. The support of the AFRL/RZ Research Air Facility is also appreciated. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 2429 EP 2436 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.209 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CH UT WOS:000264756900095 ER PT S AU Coutu, RA McBride, JW Starman, LA AF Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. McBride, John W. Starman, LaVern A. GP IEEE TI Improved Micro-Contact Resistance Model that considers Material Deformation, Electron Transport and Thin Film Characteristics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FIFTH IEEE HOLM CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL CONTACTS SE Electrical Contacts-IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts CY SEP 14-16, 2009 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE CPMT DE micro-contacts; contact resistance; thin film ID SIZE AB This paper reports on an improved analytic model for predicting micro-contact resistance needed for designing micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) switches. The original model had two primary considerations: 1) contact material deformation (i.e. elastic, plastic, or elastic-plastic) and 2) effective contact area radius. The model also assumed that individual a-spots were close together and that their interactions were dependent on each other which led to using the single effective a-spot contact area model. This single effective area model was used to determine specific electron transport regions (i.e. ballistic, quasi-ballistic, or diffusive) by comparing the effective radius and the mean free path of an electron. Using this model required that micro-switch contact materials be deposited, during device fabrication, with processes ensuring low surface roughness values (i.e. sputtered films). Sputtered thin film electric contacts, however, do not behave like bulk materials and the effects of thin film contacts and spreading resistance must be considered. The improved micro-contact resistance model accounts for the two primary considerations above, as well as, using thin film, sputtered, electric contacts. C1 [Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.; Starman, LaVern A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McBride, John W.] Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Coutu, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ronald.Coutu@afit.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1062-6808 BN 978-1-4244-3611-8 J9 ELECTR CONTACT PY 2009 BP 295 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BPB80 UT WOS:000278479300046 ER PT S AU Genelin, CL Ruggles-Wrenn, MB AF Genelin, C. L. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. BE Bansal, NP Singh, JP TI EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON CREEP BEHAVIOR OF NEXTEL (TM) 720/ALUMINA-MULLITE CERAMIC COMPOSITE AT 1200 degrees C SO PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology Conference and Exhibition (MS&T 08) CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COATING CONCEPTS; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; SILICON-CARBIDE; POROUS-MATRIX; WATER-VAPOR; OXIDATION; EMBRITTLEMENT AB The tensile creep behavior of an oxide oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air in steam and in argon The composite consists of a porous alumina mullite matrix reinforced with laminated woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers has no interface between the fiber and matrix and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance The tensile stress strain behavior was investigated and the tensile properties measured at 1200 degrees C The elastic modulus was 74 5 GPa and the ultimate tensile strength was 153 MPa Tensile creep behavior was examined for creep stresses in the 70 140 MPa range Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all tests Creep run-out (set to 100 h) was achieved in laboratory air for creep stress levels <= 90 MPa The presence of either steam or argon accelerated creep rates and reduced creep lifetimes Composite microstructure as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated C1 [Genelin, C. L.; Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Genelin, CL (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-40845-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2009 VL 203 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1002/9780470522189.ch18 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BSU33 UT WOS:000285825100018 ER PT S AU Tomczak, SJ Wright, ME Guenthner, AJ Pettys, BJ Brunsvold, AL Knight, C Minton, TK Vij, V McGrath, LM Mabry, JM AF Tomczak, Sandra J. Wright, Michael E. Guenthner, Andrew J. Pettys, Brian J. Brunsvold, Amy L. Knight, Casey Minton, Timothy K. Vij, Vandana McGrath, Laura M. Mabry, Joseph M. BE Kleiman, JI TI Space Survivability of Main-Chain and Side-Chain POSS-Kapton Polyimides SO PROTECTION OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES FROM SPACE ENVIRONMENT SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment CY MAY 20-23, 2008 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Canadian Space Agcy, Montana State Univ, Univ Toronto Inst Aerospac Studies, Integr Testing Lab DE Hyperthermal atomic oxygen; polyimide; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; POSS; space environment; polymer erosion; low Earth orbit ID ATOMIC OXYGEN-RESISTANT; COPOLYMERS; EROSION AB Kapton (R) polyimde (PI) is extensively used in solar arrays, spacecraft thermal blankets, and space inflatable structures. Upon exposure to atomic oxygen (AO) in low Earth orbit (LEO), Kapton (R) is severely degraded. An effective approach to prevent this erosion is chemically bonding polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) into the polyimide matrix by copolymerization of POSS-diamine with the polyimide monomers. POSS is a silicon and oxygen cage-like structure surrounded by organic groups and can be polymerizable. The copolymerization of POSS provides Si and 0 in the polymer matrix on the nano level. During POSS polyimide exposure to atomic oxygen, organic material is degraded and a silica passivation layer is formed. This silica layer protects the underlying polymer from further degradation. Ground-based studies and MISSE-1 and MISSE-5 flight results have shown that POSS polyimides are resistant to atomic-oxygen attack in LEO. In fact, 3.5 wt% Si8O11 main-chain POSS polyimide eroded about 2 mu m during the 3.9 year flight in LEO, whereas 32 mu m of 0 wt% POSS polyimide would have eroded within 4 mos. The atomic-oxygen exposure of main-chain POSS polyimides and new side-chain POSS polyimides has shown that copolymerized POSS imparts similar AO resistance to polyimide materials regardless of POSS monomer structure. C1 [Tomczak, Sandra J.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, AFRL RZSM, Mat Applicat Branch, Res Lab, 10 E Saturn Blvd,Bldg 8451, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Vij, Vandana; McGrath, Laura M.] USAF, ERC Inc, Mat Applicat Branch, Res Lab, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. [Wright, Michael E.; Guenthner, Andrew J.; Pettys, Brian J.] US Navy, NAVAIR, Dept Res & Engn Sci, Div Chem, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Brunsvold, Amy L.; Knight, Casey; Minton, Timothy K.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Tomczak, SJ (reprint author), USAF, AFRL RZSM, Mat Applicat Branch, Res Lab, 10 E Saturn Blvd,Bldg 8451, Edwards Afb, CA 93524 USA. RI Brunsvold, Amy/H-4315-2016 OI Brunsvold, Amy/0000-0001-9257-2978 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0619-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1087 BP 505 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BIX44 UT WOS:000263582700044 ER PT J AU McLachlan, GD Slocik, J Mantz, R Kaplan, D Cahill, S Girvin, M Greenbaum, S AF McLachlan, Glendon D. Slocik, Joseph Mantz, Robert Kaplan, David Cahill, Sean Girvin, Mark Greenbaum, Steve TI High-resolution NMR characterization of a spider-silk mimetic composed of 15 tandem repeats and a CRGD motif SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE multidimensional NMR; circular dichroism (CD); nuclear overhauser effect (NOE); hexafluoro-isopropanol (HFIP); silk mimetic ID TRIPLE-RESONANCE NMR; ALANINE-BASED PEPTIDES; SIDE-CHAIN RESONANCES; BOMBYX-MORI FIBROIN; DRAGLINE SILK; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; C-13 NMR; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; BACKBONE AMIDE AB Multidimensional solution NMR spectroscopic techniques have been used to obtain atomic level information about a recombinant spider silk construct in hexafluoro-isopropanol (HFIP). The synthetic 49 kDa silk-like protein mimics authentic silk from Nephila clavipes, with the inclusion of an extracellular matrix recognition motif. 2D (1)H-(15)N HSQC NMR spectroscopy reveals 33 cross peaks, which were assigned to amino acid residues in the semicrystalline repeat units. Signals from the amorphous segments in the primary sequence were weak and broad, suggesting that this region is highly dynamic and undergoing conformational exchange. An analysis of the deviations of the (13)C(alpha), (13)C(beta), and (13)CO chemical shifts relative to the expected random coil values reveals two highly alpha-helical regions from amino acid 12-19 and 26-32, which comprise the polyalanine track and a GGLGSQ sequence. This finding is further supported by phi-value analysis and sequential and medium-range NOE interactions. Pulsed field gradient NMR measurements indicate that the topology of the silk mimetic in HFIP is nonglobular. Moreover, the 3D (15)N-NOESY HSQC spectrum exhibits few long-range NOEs. Similar spectral features have been observed for repeat modules in other polypeptides and are characteristic of an elongated conformation. The results provide a residue-specific description of a silk sequence in nonaqueous solution and may be insightful for understanding the fold and topology of highly concentrated, stable silk before spinning. Additionally, the insights obtained may find application in future design and large-scale production and storage of synthetic silks in organic solvents. C1 [McLachlan, Glendon D.; Greenbaum, Steve] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Slocik, Joseph; Mantz, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kaplan, David] Tufts Univ, Bioengn & Biotechnol Ctr, Dept Biomed Engn Chem & Biol Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Cahill, Sean; Girvin, Mark] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP McLachlan, GD (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM gmclachl@hunter.cuny.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Institutes of Health [NCRR-RR03037]; AFOSR FX The authors are grateful to Dr. Yujia Xu for use of the circular dichroism spectropolarimeter in the department of chemistry at Hunter College CUNY. The work at Hunter College was supported by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and an infrastructure grant from the National Institutes of Health (NCRR-RR03037).; AFOSR. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 206 EP 216 DI 10.1002/pro.12 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 396TI UT WOS:000262613700021 PM 19177364 ER PT B AU Lederman, R Weis, K AF Lederman, Regina Weis, Karen BA Lederman, R Weis, K BF Lederman, R Weis, K TI Psychosocial Adaptation in Pregnancy: Assessment of Seven Dimensions of Maternal Development SO PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY: SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF MATERNAL ROLE DEVELOPMENT, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; INFANT BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PRETERM DELIVERY; GESTATIONAL-AGE; PRENATAL STRESS; LIFE EVENTS; NEUROMOTOR DEVELOPMENT; POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION C1 [Lederman, Regina] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Weis, Karen] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lederman, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL; rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL NR 132 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0287-0 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 38 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7 PG 38 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BLJ35 UT WOS:000270301400001 ER PT B AU Lederman, R Weis, K AF Lederman, Regina Weis, Karen BA Lederman, R Weis, K BF Lederman, R Weis, K TI Acceptance of Pregnancy SO PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY: SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF MATERNAL ROLE DEVELOPMENT, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; SOMATIC SYMPTOMS; WOMEN; BIRTH; STRESS; EXPERIENCE; PREDICTORS; REJECTION; ATTITUDES; HEALTH C1 [Lederman, Regina] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Weis, Karen] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lederman, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL; rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0287-0 PY 2009 BP 39 EP 56 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7 PG 18 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BLJ35 UT WOS:000270301400002 ER PT B AU Lederman, R Weis, K AF Lederman, Regina Weis, Karen BA Lederman, R Weis, K BF Lederman, R Weis, K TI Identification with a Motherhood Role SO PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY: SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF MATERNAL ROLE DEVELOPMENT, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MATERNAL-FETAL ATTACHMENT; PREGNANT-WOMEN; PSYCHOLOGICAL-FACTORS; PRENATAL ATTACHMENT; HEALTH PRACTICES; TRANSITION; CHILD; REPRESENTATIONS; ASSOCIATIONS; ADAPTATION C1 [Lederman, Regina] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Weis, Karen] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lederman, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL; rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0287-0 PY 2009 BP 57 EP 86 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7 PG 30 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BLJ35 UT WOS:000270301400003 ER PT B AU Lederman, R Weis, K AF Lederman, Regina Weis, Karen BA Lederman, R Weis, K BF Lederman, R Weis, K TI Relationship with Mother SO PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY: SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF MATERNAL ROLE DEVELOPMENT, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MATERNAL ROLE; PREGNANCY; ATTACHMENT; TRANSMISSION; ATTAINMENT; PROGRESS; LABOR C1 [Lederman, Regina] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Weis, Karen] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lederman, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL; rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0287-0 PY 2009 BP 87 EP 101 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BLJ35 UT WOS:000270301400004 ER PT B AU Lederman, R Weis, K AF Lederman, Regina Weis, Karen BA Lederman, R Weis, K BF Lederman, R Weis, K TI Relationship with Husband or Partner SO PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY: SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF MATERNAL ROLE DEVELOPMENT, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EXPECTANT FATHERS; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; CLINIC POPULATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PREGNANCY; PARENTHOOD; TRANSITION; STRESS; LABOR C1 [Lederman, Regina] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Weis, Karen] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lederman, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL; rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0287-0 PY 2009 BP 103 EP 138 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7 PG 36 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BLJ35 UT WOS:000270301400005 ER PT B AU Lederman, R Weis, K AF Lederman, Regina Weis, Karen BA Lederman, R Weis, K BF Lederman, R Weis, K TI Preparation for Labor SO PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY: SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF MATERNAL ROLE DEVELOPMENT, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MATERNAL ROLE; CHILDBIRTH; PREGNANCY; BIRTH; WOMEN; EXPERIENCES; ATTAINMENT; MOTHERS C1 [Lederman, Regina] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Weis, Karen] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lederman, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL; rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0287-0 PY 2009 BP 139 EP 165 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7 PG 27 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BLJ35 UT WOS:000270301400006 ER PT B AU Lederman, R Weis, K AF Lederman, Regina Weis, Karen BA Lederman, R Weis, K BF Lederman, R Weis, K TI Prenatal Fear of Pain, Helplessness, and Loss of Control in Labor SO PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY: SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF MATERNAL ROLE DEVELOPMENT, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EPIDURAL ANALGESIA; CHILDBIRTH; BIRTH; WOMEN; EXPERIENCE; ANXIETY; ADAPTATION; PREDICTORS; PREGNANCY; LOCUS C1 [Lederman, Regina] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Weis, Karen] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lederman, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL; rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0287-0 PY 2009 BP 167 EP 190 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7 PG 24 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BLJ35 UT WOS:000270301400007 ER PT B AU Lederman, R Weis, K AF Lederman, Regina Weis, Karen BA Lederman, R Weis, K BF Lederman, R Weis, K TI Prenatal Fear of Loss of Self-Esteem in Labor SO PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY: SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF MATERNAL ROLE DEVELOPMENT, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ADULT ATTACHMENT; PREGNANCY; RESOURCES; PROGRESS; WOMEN C1 [Lederman, Regina] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Weis, Karen] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lederman, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL; rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0287-0 PY 2009 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7 PG 12 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BLJ35 UT WOS:000270301400008 ER PT B AU Lederman, R Weis, K AF Lederman, Regina Weis, Karen BA Lederman, R Weis, K BF Lederman, R Weis, K TI Prenatal and Postnatal Psychosocial Adaptation in Military Women SO PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY: SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF MATERNAL ROLE DEVELOPMENT, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; MATERNAL ADAPTATION; CIRCUMPLEX MODEL; FAMILY-STRUCTURE; ROLE ATTAINMENT; PREGNANT-WOMEN; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ATTACHMENT; MOTHERHOOD; POSTPARTUM C1 [Lederman, Regina] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Weis, Karen] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lederman, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL; rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0287-0 PY 2009 BP 203 EP 227 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7 PG 25 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BLJ35 UT WOS:000270301400009 ER PT B AU Lederman, R Weis, K AF Lederman, Regina Weis, Karen BA Lederman, R Weis, K BF Lederman, R Weis, K TI Prenatal Adaptation Among Multigravidas SO PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY: SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF MATERNAL ROLE DEVELOPMENT, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; PREGNANT-WOMEN; TRANSITION; STRESS; LABOR; CHILDBIRTH; EXPERIENCE; PARENTHOOD; PAIN; EXPECTATIONS C1 [Lederman, Regina] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Weis, Karen] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lederman, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL; rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0287-0 PY 2009 BP 229 EP 261 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7 PG 33 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BLJ35 UT WOS:000270301400010 ER PT B AU Lederman, R Weis, K AF Lederman, Regina Weis, Karen BA Lederman, R Weis, K BF Lederman, R Weis, K TI Methods of Assessment: Psychosocial Adaptation to Pregnancy Questionnaire Scales and Interview Schedules, and Review of Interventions to Enhance Adaptation SO PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY: SEVEN DIMENSIONS OF MATERNAL ROLE DEVELOPMENT, THIRD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PRENATAL DEPRESSION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; HOME VISITATION; WOMEN; LABOR; ANXIETY; STRESS C1 [Lederman, Regina] Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Weis, Karen] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Lederman, R (reprint author), Univ Texas Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL; rlederma@utmb.edu; karen.weis@us.AF.MIL NR 90 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0287-0 PY 2009 BP 263 EP 298 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7 PG 36 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA BLJ35 UT WOS:000270301400011 ER PT J AU Carey, SJ Noriega-Crespo, A Mizuno, DR Shenoy, S Paladini, R Kraemer, KE Price, SD Flagey, N Ryan, E Ingalls, JG Kuchar, TA Goncalves, DP Indebetouw, R Billot, N Marleau, FR Padgett, DL Rebull, LM Bressert, E Ali, B Molinari, S Martin, PG Berriman, GB Boulanger, F Latter, WB Miville-Deschenes, MA Shipman, R Testi, L AF Carey, S. J. Noriega-Crespo, A. Mizuno, D. R. Shenoy, S. Paladini, R. Kraemer, K. E. Price, S. D. Flagey, N. Ryan, E. Ingalls, J. G. Kuchar, T. A. Goncalves, Daniela Pinheiro Indebetouw, R. Billot, N. Marleau, F. R. Padgett, D. L. Rebull, L. M. Bressert, E. Ali, Babar Molinari, S. Martin, P. G. Berriman, G. B. Boulanger, F. Latter, W. B. Miville-Deschenes, M. A. Shipman, R. Testi, L. TI MIPSGAL: A Survey of the Inner Galactic Plane at 24 and 70 mu m SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Review ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED-DARK CLOUDS; H-II REGIONS; APERTURE-SUBMILLIMETER-TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; TRIGGERED STAR-FORMATION; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; SUPERNOVA REMNANT AB MIPSGAL is a 278 deg(2) survey of the inner Galactic plane using the Multiband Infrared Photometer for Spitzer aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. The survey field was imaged in two passbands, 24 and 70 mu m with resolutions of 6 '' and 18 '', respectively. The survey was designed to provide a uniform, well-calibrated and well-characterized data set for general inquiry of the inner Galactic plane and as a longer-wavelength complement to the shorter-wavelength Spitzer survey of the Galactic plane: Galactic Plane Infrared Mapping Survey Extraordinaire. The primary science drivers of the current survey are to identify all high-mass (M > 5 M-circle dot) protostars in the inner Galactic disk and to probe the distribution, energetics, and properties of interstellar dust in the Galactic disk. The observations were planned to minimize data artifacts due to image latents at 24 mu m and to provide full coverage at 70 mu m. Observations at ecliptic latitudes within 15 of the ecliptic plane were taken at multiple epochs to help reject asteroids. The data for the survey were collected in three epochs, 2005 September-October, 2006 April, and 2006 October with all of the data available to the public. The estimated point-source sensitivities of the survey are 2 and 75 mJy (3 sigma) at 24 and 70 mu m, respectively. Additional data processing was needed to mitigate image artifacts due to bright sources at 24 mu m and detector responsivity variations at 70 mu m due to the large dynamic range of the Galactic plane. Enhanced data products including artifact-mitigated mosaics and point-source catalogs are being produced with the 24 mu m mosaics already publicly available from the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive. Some preliminary results using the enhanced data products are described. C1 [Carey, S. J.; Noriega-Crespo, A.; Shenoy, S.; Paladini, R.; Flagey, N.; Ryan, E.; Ingalls, J. G.; Marleau, F. R.; Padgett, D. L.; Rebull, L. M.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mizuno, D. R.; Kuchar, T. A.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Kraemer, K. E.; Price, S. D.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, RVBYB, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Ryan, E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Goncalves, Daniela Pinheiro; Martin, P. G.] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Indebetouw, R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Billot, N.; Marleau, F. R.; Ali, Babar; Berriman, G. B.; Latter, W. B.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bressert, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Molinari, S.] Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Boulanger, F.; Miville-Deschenes, M. A.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Shipman, R.] Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Testi, L.] Arcetri Observ, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Carey, SJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, MS 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM carey@ipac.caltech.edu RI Molinari, Sergio/O-4095-2016; OI Molinari, Sergio/0000-0002-9826-7525; Bressert, Eli/0000-0002-6564-6182 NR 106 TC 322 Z9 322 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 121 IS 875 BP 76 EP 97 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 404LF UT WOS:000263152600010 ER PT J AU Simpson, JR AF Simpson, James R. TI Discussion of "Principles of Exploratory Data Analysis in Problem Solving: What Can We Learn from a Well-Known Case?" SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Simpson, James R.] USAF, Test Management Grp 53, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Simpson, James R.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Simpson, James R.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Simpson, JR (reprint author), USAF, Test Management Grp 53, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM james.simpson@eglin.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 4 BP 376 EP 379 DI 10.1080/08982110903188292 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V20UW UT WOS:000208165900004 ER PT S AU Day, PN Nguyen, KA Pachter, R AF Day, Paul N. Nguyen, Kiet A. Pachter, Ruth BE Eyink, KG Szmulowicz, F Huffaker, DL TI Modeling the optical properties of small gold nanoclusters using time-dependent density functional theory SO QUANTUM DOTS, PARTICLES, AND NANOCLUSTERS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Dots, Particles, and Nanoclusters VI CY JAN 25-28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE gold clusters; time-dependent density functional theory; relativistic effects; pseudopotential ID CATALYTIC CO OXIDATION; CORRELATION-ENERGY; BASIS-SETS; CLUSTERS; APPROXIMATION; POTENTIALS; SPECTRA; NANOPARTICLES; ABSORPTION; CHEMISTRY AB The optical properties of gold nanoclusters of size 2 - 20 have been investigated using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to simulate their linear absorption spectra. Relativistic effects have been included by using pseudopotentials, with the Douglas-Kroll (DK) approximation, and with the zero-order regular approximation (ZORA). The improved model core potential with scaled relativistic effects (iMCP-SR2) used in combination with either the BP86, BLYP, or B3LYP exchange-correlation density functional was found to fairly accurately model the spectra of clusters for which measured spectra are available, although the all-electron ZORA method was best both for accuracy and computational efficiency. The effects on the optical properties of organic chromophores from coordination with small gold clusters were preliminarily studied. The extent of enhancement of the absorption properties is seen to depend on the size and structure of the gold cluster. C1 [Day, Paul N.; Nguyen, Kiet A.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Day, PN (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7470-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7224 AR 722418 DI 10.1117/12.809150 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BST57 UT WOS:000285746200028 ER PT S AU Eyink, KG Grazulis, L Mahalingam, K Shoaf, JR AF Eyink, K. G. Grazulis, L. Mahalingam, K. Shoaf, J. R. BE Eyink, KG Szmulowicz, F Huffaker, DL TI Morphological Change in Tip Based Nano-Patterned Planar InAs SO QUANTUM DOTS, PARTICLES, AND NANOCLUSTERS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Dots, Particles, and Nanoclusters VI CY JAN 25-28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID STRAIN-RELAXATION; GROWTH; LAYERS; GAAS AB The unique properties of quantum dots should allow enhanced or novel devices to be fabricated. However, the typical method of formation is to self-assemble quantum dots. This process causes quantum dots to have a distribution in properties such as size and to form at near random location. Since many of these possible devices require near exact positioning of the quantum dots with given sizes, most of these potential devices have been unrealized or exist in far from optimum conditions. In this work, we present a new method which is being examined for its potential to form uniform quantum dot structures. This technique is surface tension driven restructuring of a nano-patterned surface. In particular, we have formed a planar 5nm thick InAs film under metal rich conditions. The sample pattern was formed using a 3mg load measured with a Hysitron nano-indentor and maintained using STM scan electronics. The pattern consisted of a grid of 150 lines in x and y directions in nominal 9 mu m x 9 mu m square area. AFM analysis showed a series of lines which are spaced similar to 180 nm lines apart in the y direction and lines spaced similar to 60 nm and 120 nm in the x-direction. The patterned sample was annealed under a high As flux, near 5 x 10(-6) torr, after removal of the surface oxides. The resulting structure clearly shows the reorganization of the InAs in regions defined by the original patterning in AFM images. AFM analysis indicates large features with 80nm base width were formed. C1 [Eyink, K. G.; Shoaf, J. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eyink, KG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7470-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7224 AR 722408 DI 10.1117/12.810160 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BST57 UT WOS:000285746200004 ER PT S AU Nguyen, KA Day, PN Belosludov, RV Kawazoe, Y Pachter, R AF Nguyen, Kiet A. Day, Paul N. Belosludov, Rodion V. Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki Pachter, Ruth BE Eyink, KG Szmulowicz, F Huffaker, DL TI One-Photon Spectra of CdSe Quantum Dots Calculated using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory SO QUANTUM DOTS, PARTICLES, AND NANOCLUSTERS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Dots, Particles, and Nanoclusters VI CY JAN 25-28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Quantum dot; nanoparticle; Time-dependent density functional theory; CdSe ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALLITES; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; EXCHANGE; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB We present calculations of one-photon absorption (OPA) spectra for (CdSe)(n) (up to n = 34) quantum dots, carried out using time-dependent density functional theory. The effects of cluster size on OPA spectra are discussed and compared with experiment to provide preliminary insights into the formation of stable clusters. C1 [Nguyen, Kiet A.; Day, Paul N.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7470-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7224 AR 722410 DI 10.1117/12.808279 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BST57 UT WOS:000285746200021 ER PT S AU Yepez, J Vahala, G Vahala, L AF Yepez, Jeffrey Vahala, George Vahala, Linda BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Twisting of filamentary vortex solitons demarcated by fast Poincare recursion SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VII CY APR 16-17, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE quantum lattice gas; quantum computation; quantum algorithm; BEC superfluid; Gross-Pitaevskii eq.; vortex solitons; quantum turbulence; Poincare recurrence; vortex twisting ID KOLMOGOROV TURBULENCE; QUANTUM COMPUTATION; GAS; EQUATION; REPRESENTATION; COMPUTERS; MODEL AB The dynamics of vortex solitons is studied in a BEC superfluid. A quantum lattice-gas algorithm (measurement-based quantum computation) is employed to examine the dynamical behavior vortex soliton solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (phi(4) interaction nonlinear Schroedinger equation). Quantum turbulence is studied in large grid numerical simulations: Kolmogorov spectrum associated with a Richardson energy cascade occurs on large flow scales. At intermediate scales, a new k(-5.9) power law emerges, due to vortex filamentary reconnections associated with Kelvin wave instabilities (vortex twisting) coupling to sound modes and the exchange of intermediate vortex rings. Finally, at very small spatial scales a k(-3) power law emerges, characterizing fluid dynamics occurring within the scale size of the vortex cores themselves. Poincare recurrence is studied: in the free non-interacting system, a fast Poincare recurrence occurs for regular arrays of line vortices. The recurrence period is used to demarcate dynamics driving a nonlinear quantum fluid towards turbulence, since fast recurrence is an approximate symmetry of the nonlinear quantum fluid at early times. This class of quantum algorithms is useful for studying BEC superfluid dynamics and, without modification, should allow for higher resolution simulations (with many components) on future quantum computers. C1 [Yepez, Jeffrey] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Vahala, George] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Vahala, Linda] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jeffrey.yepez@gmail.com NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7608-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7342 AR UNSP 73420M DI 10.1117/12.819005 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BCS48 UT WOS:000311280400016 ER PT S AU Yepez, J AF Yepez, Jeffrey BE Donkor, EJ Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Quantum informational representations of entangled fermions and bosons SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation VII CY APR 16-17, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE joint quantum logic; joint ladder operators; joint number operators; entanglement operators; Temperley-Lieb algebra; braid group operators; quantum measurement; quantum maps; quantum propositions ID COMPUTATION AB Presented is a second quantized technology for representing fermionic and bosonic entanglement in terms of generalized joint ladder operators, joint number operators, interchangers, and pairwise entanglement operators. The joint number operators generate conservative quantum logic gates that are used for pairwise entanglement in quantum dynamical systems. These are most useful for quantum computational physics. The generalized joint operator approach provides a pathway to represent the Temperley-Lieb algebra and to represent braid group operators for either fermionic or bosonic many-body quantum systems. Moreover, the entanglement operators allow for a representation of quantum measurement, quantum maps (associated with quantum Boltzmann equation dynamics), and for a way to completely and efficiently extract all accessible bits of joint information from entangled quantum systems in terms of quantum propositions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM jeffrey.yepez@gmail.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7608-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7342 AR UNSP 73420R DI 10.1117/12.831161 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BCS48 UT WOS:000311280400020 ER PT S AU Haugan, HJ Elhamri, S Mitchel, WC Ullrich, B Brown, GJ Grazulis, L Houston, S AF Haugan, H. J. Elhamri, S. Mitchel, W. C. Ullrich, B. Brown, G. J. Grazulis, L. Houston, S. BE Razeghi, M Sudharsanan, R Brown, GJ TI Control of residual background carriers in undoped mid-infrared InAs/GaSb superlattices SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VI CY JAN 25-28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Residual carriers; infrared detectors; InAs/GaSb superlattices; molecular beam epitaxy ID II SUPERLATTICES; OPERATING TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE AB The performance and operating temperature of infrared (IR) detectors is largely limited by thermal generation and noise processes in the active region of the device. Particularly, excess background charge carriers enhance Auger recombination and dark currents, and depress the detector figures of merit. Therefore, reducing background carriers in the undoped region of pin diodes is an important issue for developing high-operating temperature IR detectors. In this paper, we discuss how, through low-temperature Hall measurements, we optimized several growth and design parameters to lower residual carrier densities in various mid-IR InAs/GaSb superlattice (SL) designs. Among the growth/processing parameters investigated in the 21 angstrom InAs/24 angstrom GaSb SLs, neither growth temperature nor in-situ post-growth annealing significantly affected the overall carrier type and density. All of the mid-IR SL samples investigated were residually p-type. The lowest carrier density (1.8x10(11) cm(-2)) was achieved in SLs grown at 400 degrees C and the density was not reduced any further by a post-growth anneal. The growth parameter that most affected the carrier density was interface composition control. With a minor variation in interface shutter sequence, the carrier density dramatically increased from similar to 2x10(11) to 5x10(12) cm(-2), and the corresponding mobility dropped from 6600 to 26 cm(2)/Vs, indicating a degradation of interface quality. However, the carrier density was further reduced to 1x1011 cm(-2) by increasing the GaSb layer width. More importantly, a dramatic improvement on the photoluminescence intensity was achieved with wider GaSb SLs. The disadvantage is that as GaSb layer width increases from 24 to 48 angstrom, the photoluminescence peak position shifts from 4.1 to 3.4 mu m, for a fixed InAs width of 21 angstrom, indicating a photodiode based on these wider designs would fall short of fully covering the 3 to 5 mu m mid-IR spectral region. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Mitchel, W. C.; Brown, G. J.; Grazulis, L.; Houston, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7468-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7222 AR 72220Y DI 10.1117/12.810520 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BST59 UT WOS:000285747500031 ER PT S AU Wooten, D Losovyj, YB Petrosky, J McClory, J Tang, JK Wang, WD Dowben, PA AF Wooten, David Losovyj, Ya. B. Petrosky, J. McClory, J. Tang, Jinke Wang, Wendong Dowben, P. A. BE Dierolf, V Fujiwara, Y Hommerich, U Ruterana, P Zavada, JM TI Surface Charging of n-Type Gd(2)O(3) and HfO(2) Thin Films SO RARE-EARTH DOPING OF ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Rare-Earth Doping of Advanced Materials for Photonic Applications held at the 2008 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID GD-DOPED HFO2; PHOTOEMISSION; PHOTOVOLTAGE AB Gd(2)O(3) and HfO(2) films exhibit temperature dependent photovoltaic charging. The dielectric properties of the surface and concomitant photovoltaic surface charging increases following oxygen exposure under ultrahigh vacuum conditions suggesting that the surface conductivity plays a role in the surface photovoltage charging. C1 [Wooten, David; Petrosky, J.; McClory, J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wooten, D (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-60511-083-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2009 VL 1111 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BMC23 UT WOS:000271829800038 ER PT S AU Olliges, JD Ketsdever, AD AF Olliges, J. D. Ketsdever, A. D. BE Abe, T TI Experimental and Computational Investigation of a RF Plasma Micro-Thruster SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (RGD26) CY JUN 20-JUL 25, 2008 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Promot Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Soc Promot Space Sci, Iwantani Naoji Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Casio Sci Promot Fdn, Kaijma Fdn, IHI Corp, IHI Aerosp Engn Co Ltd, Osaka Vaccuun Ltd, Nissin Inc DE Micropropulsion; RF plasma thruster; plasma modeling; DSMC ID SIMULATIONS; CALIBRATION; DISCHARGES AB A prototype RF plasma micro-thruster has been investigated numerically and experimentally. The experimental results were obtained on a thrust stand capable of micro-Newton resolution. Thrust and mass flow (hence specific impulse) were measured for an argon propellant at mass flows ranging from 0.4 to 5.5 mg/s. An increase over the cold gas thrust of up to 20% was observed for a discharge frequency of 100 MHz and an input power of 77 W. Propulsive efficiency was seen to increase both experimentally and numerically for increasing mass flow and decreasing discharge frequency. C1 [Olliges, J. D.] Univ Southern Calif, Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Ketsdever, A. D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Los Angeles, CA 93524 USA. RP Olliges, JD (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. FU University of Southern California (USC) FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, Advanced Concepts Group for their support of the experimental results. One of the authors (JDO) was partially supported by an undergraduate research fellowship from the University of Southern California (USC). The authors also thank Prof. E.P. Muntz of USC for the use of Chamber IV of the Collaborative High Altitude Flow Facility. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0615-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1084 BP 863 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJF97 UT WOS:000265564800138 ER PT B AU Maurice, MS York, G Masoni, SC Won, DC AF Maurice, Mark S. York, George Masoni, Stephanie C. Won, Deanna C. BE Kurnaz, S Ince, F Onbasioglu, S Basturk, S TI Basic Research in Space Science: Meaningful Collaboration with Developing Countries SO RAST 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SPACE TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies CY JUN 11-13, 2009 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Turkish Air Force Acad, Istanbul Tech Univ, Bogazici Univ, Marmara Univ, Bahcesehir Univ, Istanbul Commerce Univ, Halic Univ, Yeditepe Univ, IEEE, AIAA DE basic research; space; developing countries; space weather; technology security; collaboration AB The U.S. Air Force looks world-wide to bring cutting edge basic research into its portfolio. In years past, this research primarily came from Western Europe. Since the early 1990's, however, the Air Force has expanded its collaborations significantly, and works with countries made accessible following the Cold War; countries that have developed new world-class capabilities; and countries with new and emerging scientific promise. Space weather, for example, is an emerging area of international interest, and is developing quickly in regions such as Africa. Other research, such as materials, also has significant pockets of excellence in developing countries, and is pervasive to include space applications. For applied space science and space hardware, however, U.S. export control regulations are a significant consideration in any collaboration. In addition, many developing countries require external funding sources to develop their scientific infrastructure. To that end, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Science Foundation are exploring ways to work collaboratively in these regions. C1 [Maurice, Mark S.; Masoni, Stephanie C.; Won, Deanna C.] USAF, Res Lab, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [York, George] Air Force Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Middlesex, England. RP Maurice, MS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. EM mark.maurice@afosr.af.mil; george.york@london.af.mil; stephanie.masoni@afosr.af.mil; deanna.won@afosr.af.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3626-2 PY 2009 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BLZ72 UT WOS:000271613000001 ER PT B AU Ozmen, O AF Oezmen, Oezguer BE Kurnaz, S Ince, F Onbasioglu, S Basturk, S TI Inelastic Deformation Behavior of PMR-15 High Temperature Polymer at 316 degrees C SO RAST 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SPACE TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies CY JUN 11-13, 2009 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP turkish Air Force Acad, Istanbul Tech Univ, Bogazici Univ, Marmara Univ, Bahcesehir Univ, Istanbul Commerce Univ, Halic Univ, Yeditepe Univ, IEEE, AIAA DE polymer; PMR-15; creep; recovery; relaxation; prior strain rate ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; STEEL AB The strain rate (time)-dependent mechanical behavior of PMR-15 neat resin, a thermoset polymer, was investigated at 316 degrees C. In order to investigate the inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15, experimental program was designed to explore the effect of prior strain rate on monotonic loading and unloading, and relaxation behaviors. In addition, the recovery of strain at zero stress and the creep behavior following strain controlled loading were examined. The material exhibits positive, nonlinear strain rate sensitivity in monotonic loading and unloading. Early failures occur in the inelastic regime. The recovery of strain and creep response are profoundly influenced by prior strain rate. The material does not exhibit strain rate history effect. The prior strain rate also has a strong influence on the relaxation behavior. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Ozmen, O (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM ozgurozmen1981@hotmail.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3626-2 PY 2009 BP 120 EP 124 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BLZ72 UT WOS:000271613000026 ER PT S AU Senkov, ON Shagiev, MR Miracle, DB AF Senkov, O. N. Shagiev, M. R. Miracle, D. B. BE Cabibbo, M Spigarelli, S TI Effect of Al-3(Sc,Zr) Particles on Tensile Properties of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr Alloy SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL METALS AND ALLOYS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Recent Developments in the Processing and Applications of Structural Metals and Alloys CY JUN 22-25, 2008 CL Marche Polytechn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Como, ITALY HO Marche Polytechn Univ, Dept Mech Engn ID CAST; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Small additions of Sc and Zr may considerably improve both strength and ductility of 7000 series aluminum alloys, which is associated with precipitation of fine coherent Al-3(Sc,Zr) particles. These particles also increase resistance to recrystallization and promote formation of a stable refined microstructure. Because Of Very low equilibrium solubility of Sc and Zr in Al alloys, a supersaturated solid solution of these elements in the Al matrix presented after casting is responsible for precipitation of the Al-3(,Sc,Zr) particles during subsequent heat treatment, while the strengthening effect depends on the particle size and number density. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize precipitation of the Al-3(Sc,Zr) particles, in order to achieve superior balance of mechanical properties. In the present work, the effect of heat treatment conditions oil microstructure and tensile properties of a developmental 7000 series Al alloy SSA018 modified with Sc and Zr was studied, with special emphasis oil the analysis of size and number density of the Al-3(Sc,Zr) particles, and their effect on the strength increase. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Senkov, O. N.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Shagiev, M. R.] Russian Fed, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Moscow, Russia. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU United States Air Force [F04611-02-C-0014, FA8650-04-D-5233] FX This work is dedicated to 70th birthday of Professor Enrico Evangelista. Financial support through the United States Air Force Contracts No. F04611-02-C-0014 (Capt. William Allen, Program Manager) and No. FA8650-04-D-5233 (Dr. J. Fuller, Program Manager) is recognized. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 604-605 BP 113 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIX28 UT WOS:000263555900011 ER PT S AU Stoik, CD Bohn, MJ Blackshire, JL AF Stoik, C. D. Bohn, M. J. Blackshire, J. L. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF AIRCRAFT COMPOSITES USING DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES AND IMAGING IN THE TERAHERTZ SPECTRUM SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 28A AND 28B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 20-25, 2008 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL HO Univ Chicago DE Terahertz Imaging; Nondestructive Evaluation; Terahertz Spectroscopy; Dielectric Properties AB Terahertz imaging and dielectric property measurements were assessed as nondestructive evaluation techniques for damage to aircraft glass fiber composites. Samples with localized heat damage showed a minimal change in refractive index or absorption coefficient; however, material blistering was detected. Voids were located by terahertz imaging using amplitude and phase techniques. Delamination depths were approximated by measuring the timing of Fabry-Perot reflections. Evidence of bending stress damage and simulated hidden cracks was also detected with terahertz imaging. C1 [Stoik, C. D.; Bohn, M. J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stoik, CD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0629-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1096 BP 418 EP 425 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BKO01 UT WOS:000268740800051 ER PT S AU Martin, SA Sathish, S Jata, KV Welter, JT AF Martin, Steven A. Sathish, Shamachary Jata, Kumar V. Welter, John T. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI MODELING OF NON-CONTACT ACOUSTO-THERMAL SIGNATURE INTERROGATION (NCATS) OF FATIGUE DAMAGE IN TI-6AL-4V SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 28A AND 28B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 20-25, 2008 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL HO Univ Chicago DE High Power Acoustics; Thermoelasticity; Fatigue AB Non-Contact Acousto-Thermal Signatures (NCATS) is a new method of Nondestructive Evaluation of materials involving the thermal response to high intensity sound. The method differs from traditional thermography in that a portion of the induced heat loading occurs from conversion of acoustic to thermal energy. Studies of fatigue samples indicate that the magnitude of the internal heat generation is a function of fatigue damage level. An analytical linear damped acoustic layer model is developed to specify the internal heat generation as a function of insonification amplitude, material damping, and sample geometry. The internal heat generation predicted by the model is compared to that calculated in a Finite Element analysis. The acoustic model is combined with the thermal diffusion equation to create a model for time temperature response curves. C1 [Martin, Steven A.] NDE Computat Consultants, 7697 Aldridge Pl, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. [Jata, Kumar V.; Welter, John T.] Air Force Res Lab, Metals Ceram & NDE Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sathish, Shamachary] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Martin, SA (reprint author), NDE Computat Consultants, 7697 Aldridge Pl, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. FU U.S.Air Force; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio [F33615-03-c-5219, F3315-03-C5220] FX This research was supported by the U.S.Air Force, and performed on-site at the Nondestructive Evolution Branch, AFRL/Material and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio under Contracts #F33615-03-c-5219 and F3315-03-C5220. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0629-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1096 BP 541 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BKO01 UT WOS:000268740800068 ER PT S AU Lissenden, CJ Blackshire, JL Puthillath, PK AF Lissenden, Cliff J. Blackshire, James L. Puthillath, Padma K. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING OF COMPOSITE LAMINATES WITH EMBEDDED PIEZOELECTRIC FIBERS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 28A AND 28B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 20-25, 2008 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL HO Univ Chicago DE Structural Health Monitoring; Lamb Waves; Piezoelectric Sensors ID METAL-CORE; ACTIVE COMPOSITES AB The actuation of ultrasonic guided waves in a carbon fiber reinforced polymer plate from embedded metal core piezoelectric fibers is studied for structural health monitoring applications. A linear array of fibers embedded at the midplane can generate guided waves transverse to the fiber direction. Finite element simulations show that a significant source influence is associated with the small diameter piezoelectric fibers. C1 [Lissenden, Cliff J.; Puthillath, Padma K.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Blackshire, James L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Lissenden, CJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0629-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1096 BP 974 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BKO01 UT WOS:000268740800123 ER PT S AU Martin, RW Sathish, S Jata, KV Welter, JT Matson, LE AF Martin, R. W. Sathish, Shamachary Jata, Kumar V. Welter, John T. Matson, Larry E. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT OF LOCALIZED ELASTIC PROPERTIES AND THICKNESS OF SILICON CARBIDE MIRRORS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 28A AND 28B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 20-25, 2008 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL HO Univ Chicago DE Ultrasonic; SiC Mirror; Thickness; Velocity ID VELOCITY AB Silicon Carbide (SiC) mirrors have significant advantages compared to glass mirrors. They are less dense, possess very high elastic stiffness and have a low thermal expansion coefficient over a wide temperature range, and hence suitable for aerospace applications. However, the manufacturing process induces significant residual stress and thickness variation. The polishing process used to produce high quality mirrors, alters both the residual stress and thickness of the mirror. In some cases this might produce local damage and limit the usability of the mirror. At present there is a need for NDE techniques to evaluate the damage and ensure the quality of SiC mirrors. To address this issue, we have developed ultrasonic methods to measure simultaneously the local variation in thickness and the through-thickness longitudinal wave velocity in SiC mirrors. The impact of the variations in the material properties are discussed with reference to the changes in residual stress distribution after polishing. C1 [Jata, Kumar V.; Welter, John T.] USAF, Met Ceram & NDE Div, RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0629-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1096 BP 1295 EP 1300 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BKO01 UT WOS:000268740800165 ER PT S AU Shearer, J Heebl, J Brausch, J Lindgren, E AF Shearer, J. Heebl, J. Brausch, J. Lindgren, E. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI PROGRESS IN DEVELOPING TRANSFER FUNCTIONS FOR SURFACE SCANNING EDDY CURRENT INSPECTIONS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 28A AND 28B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 20-25, 2008 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL HO Univ Chicago DE Eddy Current; Transfer Function; Surface Scanning; Field Inspection; Fatigue Crack; EDM AB As US Air Force (USAF) aircraft continue to age, additional inspections are required for structural components. The validation of new inspections typically requires a capability demonstration of the method using representative structure with representative damage. To minimize the time and cost required to prepare such samples, Electric Discharge machined (EDM) notches are commonly used to represent fatigue cracks in validation studies. However, the sensitivity to damage typically changes as a function of damage type. This requires a mathematical relationship to be developed between the responses from the two different flaw types to enable the use of EDM notched samples to validate new inspections. This paper reviews progress to develop transfer functions for surface scanning eddy current inspections of aluminum and titanium alloys found in structural aircraft components. Multiple samples with well characterized grown fatigue cracks and master gages with EDM notches, both with a range of flaw sizes, were used to collect flaw signals with USAF field inspection equipment. Analysis of this empirical data was used to develop a transfer function between the response from the EDM notches and grown fatigue cracks. C1 [Shearer, J.; Heebl, J.; Lindgren, E.] AF Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Brausch, J.] AF Res Lab, Mat Integrity Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Shearer, J (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Nondestruct Evaluat Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0629-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1096 BP 1870 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BKO01 UT WOS:000268740800239 ER PT B AU Secrest, BR Vasquez, JR AF Secrest, Barry R. Vasquez, Juan R. GP IEEE TI Optimal Spatial Sampling of Hyperspectral Imagery for Fusion with Panchromatic Video in Multitarget Tracking SO SAS 2009 - IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium CY FEB 17-19, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE Multitarget Tracking; Hyperspectral Imagery; Data Fusion; Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm AB Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) data has proven useful for discriminating targets, however the relatively slow speed at which HSI data is gathered for an entire frame reduces the usefulness of fusing this information with panchromatic video. Additionally, the volume of HSI information collected affects the computational performance of software exploiting the information. Paradoxically, it is too much information and we cannot get enough of it. A new sensor under development has the potential of overcoming this problem. It has the ability to provide HSI data for a limited number of pixels while providing panchromatic video for the remainder of the pixels. The HSI data is co-registered with the panchromatic video and is available at each frame. This paper investigates the exploitation of this new sensor for target tracking. The first challenge of exploiting this sensor is to determine where the gathering of HSI data will be the most useful as compared to collecting panchromatic. We optimize the selection of pixels for which we will gather HSI data. We refer to this as spatial sampling. Spatial sampling is solved using a utility function where pixels receive a value based on their nearness to a target of interest (TOI). The TOIs are determined from the tracking algorithm providing a close coupling of the tracking and the sensor control. The weighting of the different types of TOIs is accomplished by a multiobjective genetic algorithm. Experiments compare fused versus non-fused tracking performance. C1 [Secrest, Barry R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. [Vasquez, Juan R.] Numer Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Secrest, BR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. EM Barry.Secrest@AFIT.edu; Juan.Vasquez@numerica.us NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2786-4 PY 2009 BP 225 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BKL67 UT WOS:000268444000046 ER PT J AU Mall, S Sullivan, MA AF Mall, S. Sullivan, M. A. TI Tension-Tension Fatigue Behavior of Notched Nextel (TM) 720/Alumina (N720/A) at Elevated Temperature SO SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITE; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; POROUS-MATRIX AB Oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are candidate materials for aerospace applications where their inherent resistance to oxidation could provide longer lifetime and better strength at elevated temperatures. Real applications of CMCs would require different types of notches. The material behavior in the presence of a notch must be therefore characterized. This study investigated fatigue behavior of an oxide/oxide CMC consisting of Nextel (TM) 720 (meta-stable mullite) fibers in alumina matrix, N720/A with 0 degrees/90 degrees fiber orientation having hole diameter to width ratio of 0.33 at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air environment. Monotonic tensile tests at 1200 degrees C were also performed. Fracture Surfaces were examined to analyze failure and damage mechanisms. Fatigue load with maximum stress equal to 92% of the ultimate tensile strength caused a large reduction in life (about ten cycles) while fatigue test with the maximum stress equal to 80% of the ultimate tensile strength had life more than 500,000 cycles. Comparisons between notched and unnotched data showed that N720/A is practically insensitive to the notch (hole) under fatigue and monotonic tensile loading conditions. C1 [Mall, S.; Sullivan, M. A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 0334-181X J9 SCI ENG COMPOS MATER JI Sci. Eng. Compos. Mater. PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 235 EP 245 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 567LT UT WOS:000275449000002 ER PT S AU Bai, ZW Venkat, N Juhl, SB Rodrigues, SJ Dang, TD AF Bai, Zongwu Venkat, Narayanan Juhl, Shane B. Rodrigues, Stanley J. Dang, Thuy D. BE Leng, J Asundi, AK Ecke, W TI Nanocomposite Materials Based on Sulfonated Polyarylenethioethersulfone and Sulfonated Polybenzimidazole for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering CY JUL 08-11, 2009 CL Weihai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Harbin Inst Technol DE Sulfonated polyarylenethioether sulfone (SPTES); sulfonated polybenzimidazole (SPBI); polymer nanocomposite; proton exchange membrane (PEM); proton conductivity ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; CONDUCTIVITY; BLENDS AB Fabrication of novel nanocomposite membranes comprising a fully sulfonated polyarylenethioether sulfone (SPTES) and sulfonated poly(p-phenylene benzobisimidazole)(SPBI) and the evaluation of the membrane properties are described. The nanocomposite membrane was obtained via a solvent cast process in a mixture of DMAc and methanol as solvents. The nanocomposite membrane proton conductivity, as measured by four probe impedance spectroscopy, was found to increase with increase in the SPTES content in the nanocomposite. The highest proton conductivity obtained was similar to 80mS/cm at 65 degrees C and 85% relative humidity for the SPTES/SPBI 70/30 nanocomposite membrane which was considerably less than the 300 mS/cm for the pure SPTES membrane, but it was found that the swelling of the nanocomposite membranes was reduced due to the reduced water uptake of the nanocomposite membrane relative to SPTES. The morphology of the SPTES/SPBI nanocomposite membranes was examined by a combination of techniques, such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, to confirm the dispersion of SPBI in the nanocomposite. The membrane electrode assembly performance of the nanocomposite membranes was preliminary studied for H-2/O-2 fuel cells applications. C1 [Bai, Zongwu; Venkat, Narayanan] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Juhl, Shane B.; Dang, Thuy D.] AFRL, RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rodrigues, Stanley J.] AFRL, RZPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bai, ZW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM zongwu.bai@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7804-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7493 AR 74933M DI 10.1117/12.839200 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BCM05 UT WOS:000310681100129 ER PT S AU Wang, DH Jacobs, JD Trionfi, A Arlen, MJ Hsu, JWP Vaia, RA Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Jacobs, J. David Trionfi, Aaron Arlen, Michael J. Hsu, Julia W. P. Vaia, Richard A. Tan, Loon-Seng BE Leng, J Asundi, AK Ecke, W TI In-Situ Synthesis and Thermal-Electrical Properties of CP2-Polyimide/Pristine and Amine-Functionalized Carbon Nanofiber Composites SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering CY JUL 08-11, 2009 CL Weihai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Harbin Inst Technol DE Polyimides; Vapor-Grown Carbon Nanofibers; Nanocomposites; Electrical Properties; Smart Materials ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOTUBES; CONDUCTIVITY; ACID; FILMS; DC AB Vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNF) functionalized with amine-containing pendants, viz.H2N-VGCNF, reacted with 2,2-bis(phthalic anhydride)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropane, which was the dianhydride monomer used in in-situ polymerization with 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene to afford a series of CP2-polyimide nanocomposite films (FCNF-CP2), containing 0.18-9.19 wt % of H2N-VGCNF (corresponding to 0.10-5.0 wt % of pristine VGCNF), via conventional poly(amic acid) precursor method. For comparison, another series of in situ nanocomposites containing pristine VGCNF (0.10-5.0 wt %) was also prepared similarly. While H2N-VGCNFs enabled direct formation of CP2 grafts on the nanofibers, pristine VGCNFs would result in a relatively weak interface between nanofibers and the CP2 matrix. Conducting-tip atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) showed that the electrical transport was solely through the nanofiber networks in the PCNF-CP2. In general, low-frequency ac impedance measurements followed well the percolation bond model with low percolation threshold; 0.24 and 0.68 vol % for PCNF-CP2 and FCNF-CP2, respectively. However, the design of interface is determined to be crucial for controlling the electrical behavior in four substantial ways: (i) magnitude of limiting conductivity, (ii) linearity of I-V response, (iii) magnitude and direction of temperature-dependent resistivity, and (iv) reproducibility of the absolute value of resistivity with thermal cycling. These observations are consistent with a direct CNF-CNF contact limiting transport in the PCNF-CP2 system, where the CP2 grafts on FCNF form a dielectric layer between individual CNFs, limiting transport within the FCNF-CP2 system. Furthermore, the CP2 grafts on the FCNF surface reduce local polymer dewetting at the nanofiber surfaces when the temperatures exceed the CP2 glass transition, and stabilize the structure of the percolation network and associated conductivity. The general behavior of these interfacial extremes (pristine and fully functionalized CNFs) set important bounds on the design of interface modification for CNFs when the intended use is for electrical performance at elevated temperatures or under extreme current loads. The influence of processing conditions resulting in the spread of measured conductivity by several orders of magnitude for films containing the same type and same amount of CNFs is also reported. C1 [Wang, David H.; Arlen, Michael J.; Vaia, Richard A.; Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7804-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7493 AR 74931Q DI 10.1117/12.839929 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BCM05 UT WOS:000310681100061 ER PT J AU Phillips, AN Mullins, BE Raines, RA Baldwin, RO AF Phillips, Adrian N. Mullins, Barry E. Raines, Richard A. Baldwin, Rusty O. TI A secure group communication architecture for autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles SO SECURITY AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE group key management; multicast; security; unmanned aerial vehicles ID SATELLITE MULTICAST; KEY MANAGEMENT; NETWORKS; ISSUES AB This paper investigates the application of a secure group communication architecture to a swarm of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A multicast secure group communication architecture for the low earth orbit (LEO) satellite environment is evaluated to determine if it can be effectively adapted to a swarm of UAVs and provide secure, scalable, and efficient communications. The performance of the proposed security architecture is evaluated with two other commonly used architectures using a discrete event computer simulation developed using MATLAB. Performance is evaluated in terms of the scalability and efficiency of the group key distribution and management scheme when the swarm size, swarm mobility, multicast group join and departure rates are varied. The metrics include the total keys distributed over the simulation period, the average number of times an individual UAV must rekey, the average bandwidth used to rekey the swarm, and the average percentage of battery consumed by a UAV to rekey over the simulation period. The proposed security architecture can successfully be applied to a swarm of autonomous UAVs using current technology. The proposed architecture is more efficient and scalable than the other tested and commonly used architectures. Over all the tested configurations, the proposed architecture distributes 55.2-94.8% fewer keys, rekeys 59.0-94.9% less often per UAV, uses 55.2-87.9% less bandwidth to rekey, and reduces the battery consumption by 16.9-85.4%. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Phillips, Adrian N.; Mullins, Barry E.; Raines, Richard A.; Baldwin, Rusty O.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mullins, BE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Barry.Mullins@afit.edu FU Air Force Communications Agency FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Communications Agency. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1939-0114 J9 SECUR COMMUN NETW JI Secur. Commun. Netw. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1002/sec.55 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 554NE UT WOS:000274440900005 ER PT S AU Berardi, SM AF Berardi, Steven M. BE Cox, JL Motaghedi, P TI Technology collaboration by means of an open source government SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications III CY APR 14-15, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Technology collaboration; open source government; mass collaboration; information management; network centric warfare; knowledge management AB The idea of open source software originally began in the early 1980s, but it never gained widespread support until recently, largely due to the explosive growth of the Internet. Only the Internet has made this kind of concept possible, bringing together millions of software developers from around the world to pool their knowledge. The tremendous success of open source software has prompted many corporations to adopt the culture of open source and thus share information they previously held secret. The government, and specifically the Department of Defense (DoD), could also benefit from adopting an open source culture. In acquiring satellite systems, the DoD often builds walls between program offices, but installing doors between programs can promote collaboration and information sharing. This paper addresses the challenges and consequences of adopting an open source culture to facilitate technology collaboration for DoD space acquisitions. DISCLAIMER: The views presented here are the views of the author, and do not represent the views of the United States Government, United States Air Force, or the Missile Defense Agency. C1 USAF, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Berardi, SM (reprint author), USAF, 483 N Aviat Blvd, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7596-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7330 AR 73300V DI 10.1117/12.817618 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVS55 UT WOS:000292649600025 ER PT S AU Gordon, JM Gross, KC Perram, GP AF Gordon, Joe Motos Gross, Kevin C. Perram, Glen P. BE Cox, JL Motaghedi, P TI Temporally-Resolved, Infrared Spectra from the Detonation of Advanced Munitions SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications III CY APR 14-15, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE High explosive; detonation; RDX; aluminum; combustion; fireball; spectroscopy; FTS; classification ID BOMB DETONATIONS AB A suite of instruments including a 100 kHz 4-channel radiometer, a rapid scanning Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, and two high-speed visible imagers was used to observe the detonation of several novel insensitive munitions being developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory. The spectral signatures exhibited from several different explosive compositions are discernable and may be exploited for event classification. The spectra are initially optically thick, resembling a Planckian distribution. In time, selective emission in the wings of atmospheric absorption bands becomes apparent, and the timescale and degree to which this occurs is correlated with aluminum content in the explosive formulation. By analyzing the high-speed imagery in conjunction with the time-resolved spectral measurements, it may be possible to interpret these results in terms of soot production and oxidation rates. These variables allow for an investigation into the chemical kinetics of explosions and perhaps reveal other phenomenology not yet readily apparent. With an increased phenomenological understanding, a model could be created to explain the kinetic behavior of the temperature and by-product concentration profiles and thus improve the ability of military sensing platforms to identify explosive types and sources. C1 [Gordon, Joe Motos; Gross, Kevin C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gordon, JM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kevin.gross@afit.edu; glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7596-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7330 AR 733006 DI 10.1117/12.818166 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVS55 UT WOS:000292649600004 ER PT S AU Williams, AD Lyall, ME Hengeveld, DW Young, QE AF Williams, Andrew D. Lyall, M. Eric Hengeveld, Derek W. Young, Quinn E. BE Cox, JL Motaghedi, P TI Thermal control subsystem requirements and challenges for a responsive satellite bus SO SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors and Systems for Space Applications III CY APR 14-15, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE spacecraft; thermal control; responsive satellites; responsive space; robust design AB The traditional approach to satellite design is a customized and highly optimized satellite bus. The primary design driver is to minimize mass but often at the expense of schedule and non-recurring engineering costs. The result after years of development is a high performance system with minimal flexibility. Consequently, there is a need for responsive, small satellites that are able to accommodate different missions, changing threats, and emerging technologies for which the traditional development approach is unable to satisfy. Instead, systems must be modular and/or robust. One of the subsystems that will be challenging for the development of modular and/or robust architectures is the thermal control subsystem (TCS). To design a traditional TCS, virtually every aspect of the mission, the satellite, and the components must be known before an intense design program can be completed. However, the mission, payload, components, and requirements are largely unknown before mission initiation. To provide a baseline for the TCS design and to help bound the problem for the development of robust thermal systems, the range of external and internal heat loads for small satellites were evaluated. From this analysis, the realistic worst design cases were identified along with other requirements for robust thermal control systems. Finally, the paper will discuss the merits of various thermal architectures and the challenges associated with achieving the requirements for robust thermal control for responsive satellite buses. C1 [Williams, Andrew D.; Lyall, M. Eric] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Williams, AD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7596-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7330 AR 73300E DI 10.1117/12.818826 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BVS55 UT WOS:000292649600009 ER PT J AU Bebarta, V Dixon, P Bush, A Pitotti, B Lairet, J Tanen, D Moore, E AF Bebarta, V. Dixon, P. Bush, A. Pitotti, B. Lairet, J. Tanen, D. Moore, E. TI HYDROXOCOBALAMIN/SODIUM THIOSULFATE VS. SODIUM NITRITE/SODIUM THIOSULFATE FOR ACUTE CYANIDE TOXICITY IN A SWINE MODEL SO SHOCK LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Conference on Shock CY JUN 06-09, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX SP Shock Soc C1 [Bebarta, V.; Dixon, P.; Bush, A.; Pitotti, B.; Lairet, J.; Tanen, D.; Moore, E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1073-2322 J9 SHOCK JI Shock PY 2009 VL 31 BP 21 EP 22 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC General & Internal Medicine; Hematology; Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 463ND UT WOS:000267438000067 ER PT J AU Cheng, ZQ Pellettiere, JA Crandall, JR Pilkey, WD AF Cheng, Zhiqing Pellettiere, Joseph A. Crandall, Jeff R. Pilkey, Walter D. TI Optimal occupant kinematics and crash pulse for automobile frontal impact SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE Automobile front impact; optimal occupant kinematics; optimal crash pulse; restraint systems AB Based on a lumped-parameter model of the occupant-vehicle system, optimal kinematics of the occupant in frontal impact are investigated. It is found that for the minimization of the peak occupant deceleration, the optimal kinematics move the occupant at a constant deceleration. Based on this the optimal vehicle crash pulse is investigated. The optimal crash pulse for passive restraint systems is found to be: a positive impulse at the onset, an immediate plunge followed by a gradual rebound, and finally a positive level period. The relation of the peak occupant deceleration to the impact speed, crash deformation, and vehicle interior rattlespace is established. The optimal crash pulse for active and pre-acting restraint systems is discussed. C1 [Cheng, Zhiqing; Pellettiere, Joseph A.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Cheng, Zhiqing] Infoscitex, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Crandall, Jeff R.; Pilkey, Walter D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Cheng, ZQ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM zhiqing.cheng@wpafb.af.mil RI Crandall, Jeff/N-2210-2014 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2009 VL 16 IS 1 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.3233/SAV-2009-0454 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 387IP UT WOS:000261946200004 ER PT J AU Beachkofski, BK AF Beachkofski, Brian K. TI Probabilistic rotor life assessment using reduced order models SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE High cycle fatigue; probabilistic analysis; reduced order model; system reliability ID FOREIGN-OBJECT DAMAGE; FATIGUE AB Probabilistic failure assessments for integrally bladed disks are system reliability problems where a failure in at least one blade constitutes a rotor system failure. Turbine engine fan and compressor blade life is dominated by High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) initiated either by pure HCF or Foreign Object Damage (FOD). To date performing an HCF life assessment for the entire rotor system has been too costly in analysis time to be practical. Although the substantial run-time has previously precluded a full-rotor probabilistic analysis, reduced order models make this process tractable as demonstrated in this work. The system model includes frequency prediction, modal stress variation, mistuning amplification, FOD effect, and random material capability. The model has many random variables which are most easily handled through simple random sampling. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beachkofski, BK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.beachkofski@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1070-9622 EI 1875-9203 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 581 EP 591 DI 10.3233/SAV-2009-0490 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 533AI UT WOS:000272793600004 ER PT S AU Kleiser, GJ Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD AF Kleiser, G. J. Chhabildas, L. C. Reinhart, W. D. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Furnish, MD Anderson, WW Proud, WG TI SHOCK LOADING OF POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINA AND SAPPHIRE - A COMPARATIVE STUDY SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE Shock loading; single crystals; alumina; sapphire ID WAVE AB There is considerable interest in the shock loading behavior of aluminum oxide whether it is in the polycrystalline phase or in the single crystal phase. Results of well-controlled experiments conducted recently on polycrystalline alumina and Z-cut sapphire are summarized to conduct a comparative study. Although the experimental results appear to have the same behavior in the shock-velocity vs. particle-velocity plane, they are considerably different in the stress-volume compression plane. This is an extremely interesting observation and cannot be explained merely by the differences in the strength of the material in the shocked state. C1 [Kleiser, G. J.; Chhabildas, L. C.] Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Reinhart, W. D.] Sandia National Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kleiser, GJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 W Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was performed at Sandia National Laboratories supported by the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0732-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1195 BP 981 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3295310 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BOG48 UT WOS:000276574100233 ER PT S AU White, BW Thadhani, NN Jordan, JL Spowart, JE AF White, Bradley W. Thadhani, Naresh N. Jordan, Jennifer L. Spowart, Jonathan E. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Furnish, MD Anderson, WW Proud, WG TI THE EFFECT OF PARTICLE REINFORCEMENT ON THE DYNAMIC DEFORMATION OF EPOXY-MATRIX COMPOSITES SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE Particulate composites; Taylor rod-on-anvil impact; dynamic mechanical behavior ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR AB Multiphase composite materials consisting of one or more types of particle reinforcement in an epoxy matrix are being studied to determine the effect of reinforcement on the dynamic yield strength and critical impact velocity for plastic deformation. Casting was used to prepare epoxy-matrix composites with varying particle loading fractions (20 - 50 Vol%), size (5 and 50 mu m), and type (Al or Ni+Al). The cast samples were tested at strain rates in the range of 10(3) to 10(4) s(-1), using a 7.62 mm gas gun with a rod-on-anvil (Taylor) impact experiment setup. The recovered impacted specimens were analyzed to determine the dimensions of their deformed and undeformed regions. The yield strength and critical velocity for plastic deformation were evaluated using Hutching's analysis and correlated with quantitative characteristics of the size and distribution of the reinforcement phases [1, 2]. C1 [White, Bradley W.; Thadhani, Naresh N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jordan, Jennifer L.] AFRL, RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Spowart, Jonathan E.] AFRL, RXLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP White, BW (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI White, Bradley/G-3679-2011; OI Jordan, Jennifer/0000-0002-4596-5872 FU U.S. Air Force Research Labs; Eglin AFB [F08630- 03-C-OOOl]; ONR/MURI [NOOO14-07-1-0740] FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Air Force Research Labs, Eglin AFB under contract F08630- 03-C-OOOl, and in part by ONR/MURI grant No. NOOO14-07-1-0740. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0732-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1195 BP 1245 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BOG48 UT WOS:000276574100294 ER PT S AU Jordan, JL Dattelbaum, D Ferranti, L Sutherland, G Baer, M Richards, W Sheffield, S Dick, RD Thadhani, NN AF Jordan, Jennifer L. Dattelbaum, Dana Ferranti, Louis Sutherland, Gerrit Baer, Mel Richards, Wayne Sheffield, Stephen Dick, Richard D. Thadhani, Naresh N. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Furnish, MD Anderson, WW Proud, WG TI SHOCK EQUATION OF STATE OF SINGLE CONSTITUENT AND MULTI-CONSTITUENT EPOXY-BASED PARTICULATE COMPOSITES SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE epoxy particulate composites; Hugoniot; mixture model ID MIXTURE THEORY; HIGH-PRESSURE; TRANSITION; RESIN AB There are several studies in the literature regarding the equation of state of alumina-epoxy composites. Although this single component system interacts in a complex manner with shock waves, the addition of a second metal or ceramic particulate can result in even more complex interactions. This paper presents a review of shock loading studies on epoxy-based particulate composites. The relationship between equation of state parameters and particulate concentration is investigated. The measured shock properties are compared with a mixture model for two and three phases. C1 [Jordan, Jennifer L.; Richards, Wayne] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Dattelbaum, Dana; Sheffield, Stephen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ferranti, Louis] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Sutherland, Gerrit] USN, Surface Warfare Ctr, Potomac, MA USA. [Baer, Mel] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Dick, Richard D.] Shocks Unlimited, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Thadhani, Naresh N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Jordan, JL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. OI Jordan, Jennifer/0000-0002-4596-5872 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0732-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1195 BP 1253 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BOG48 UT WOS:000276574100296 ER PT B AU Josyula, E Bailey, WF AF Josyula, E. Bailey, W. F. BE Hannemann, K Seiler, F TI Modelling dissociation in hypersonic blunt body and nozzle flows in thermochemical nonequilibrium SO SHOCK WAVES, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Shock Waves CY JUL 15-20, 2007 CL Gottingen, GERMANY SP German Aerosp Ctr, French German Res Inst St Louis AB The generalized depletion equations, considering state-to-state kinetics of dissociating nitrogen, are solved to predict the extent of vibrational depletion in the temperature range of 3000-10000 K for hypersonic blunt body flows, where the translational temperature is higher than vibrational temperature (T > T-nu) in the shock layer. The prediction of nonequilibrium dissociation rates using the vibration-dissociation coupling model are significantly lower than the Park's two-temperature model rates and helps explain the restricted success of the Park's dissociation model in certain temperature ranges of hypersonic flow past a blunt body. Unlike the blunt body flows, energy transfers in expanding nozzle flows occurs for a vibrational temperature much higher than the translational temperature (T-nu > T) and the vibrational population experiences an enhancement. C1 [Josyula, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bailey, W. F.] US Air Force, Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Josyula, E (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-85167-7 PY 2009 BP 653 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-85168-4_105 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BKZ44 UT WOS:000269686200105 ER PT J AU Ferrara, M Arnold, G AF Ferrara, Matthew Arnold, Gregory TI Shape and Motion Estimation from Near-Field Echo-Based Sensor Data SO SIAM JOURNAL ON IMAGING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE near-field Euclidean invariants; geometric-invariant theory; object-image relations; structure from motion; alternate navigation ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SIGNALS AB This paper presents a new approach for reconstructing both shape and motion from data collected by echo-based ranging sensors. The approach is based on geometric invariant theory and exploits object-image relations for near-field (spherical-wavefront) range data. These object-image equations relate the data to a unique matrix of Euclidean invariants that completely describe the object shape. The object-image relations can be used to determine the shape of a scene viewed from unknown vantage points. Specifically, the object-image equations form a linear system of equations whose solution determines the relevant shape parameters for a configuration of features within the scene. Once the shape parameters are estimated, a single shape exemplar from the point in shape space can be used to determine the relative motion (up to an arbitrary rotation) between the sensor and the object. One advantage of this motion-estimation approach is that the geometric-invariant-based strategy allows us to uniquely solve the optimization problem without the need to introduce coordinate-system-dependent "nuisance" parameters. The theorems stated in this paper hold for any range-measurement sensor scenario. As an example of the utility of the given theorems, the object-image relations are used to augment noisy GPS measurements in a circular synthetic aperture radar geometry. C1 [Ferrara, Matthew; Arnold, Gregory] USAF, Automat Target Recognit Technol Div, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Ferrara, M (reprint author), USAF, Automat Target Recognit Technol Div, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.ferrara@wpafb.af.mil; gregory.arnold@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR laboratory; AFRL FX A preliminary form of this paper appeared in the 2008 IASTED Signal and Image Processing Conference Proceedings. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect official policy of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This work was supported in part by AFOSR laboratory tasks under the direction of Arje Nachman and Jon Sjogren as well as AFRL Sensors Directorate 6.2 project funding. This work was performed by an employee of the U.S. Government or under U.S. Government contract. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1936-4954 J9 SIAM J IMAGING SCI JI SIAM J. Imaging Sci. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 710 EP 729 DI 10.1137/080726161 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 601XO UT WOS:000278101100015 ER PT S AU Cheng, L Martin, P Mazzola, MS Sheridan, DC Kelly, RL Bondarenko, V Morrison, S Gray, R Tian, G Scofield, JD Casady, JRB Casady, JB AF Cheng, L. Martin, P. Mazzola, M. S. Sheridan, D. C. Kelly, R. L. Bondarenko, V. Morrison, S. Gray, R. Tian, G. Scofield, J. D. Casady, J. R. B. Casady, J. B. BE Suzuki, A Okumura, H Kimoto, T Fuyuki, T Fukuda, K Nishizawa, S TI High-Temperature Static and Dynamic Reliability Study of 4H-SiC Vertical-Channel JFETs for High-Power System Applications SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Otsu, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Assoc Promot Elect, Elect & Informat Engn, Ceram Soc Japan, IEEE EDS, Kansai Chapter, IEEJ, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan DE High-temperature; reliability; SiC; JFETs; high-power system; HTRB; thermal stress AB In this work we report the most recent high-temperature long-term reliability results of the 600 V/14 A, 4H-SiC vertical-channel junction field-effect transistors (VJFETs). Two groups (A and B) devices were subjected to different thermal and electrical stresses. One device (Group A) reached 12,000 hours of continuous switching without a single failure. Four devices in Group A were thermally stressed at 250 degrees C over 4,670 hours in air, for which standard deviation of the specific on-resistance (R-ONSP) in linear region at gate bias (V-GS) of 3 V were < 4.1% throughout the entire duration time. The off-state characteristics were evaluated by high temperature reverse bias (HTRB) tests. Three devices (Group A) were biased at 50% rated BVDS at 250 degrees C for 2,278 hours. A higher reverse bias at 80 % rated BVDS was then applied to 14 devices (group B) at 200 degrees C for 1,000 hours. Variations of the leakage current were negligible throughout the entire HTRB test for all tested devices. C1 [Cheng, L.; Mazzola, M. S.; Sheridan, D. C.; Kelly, R. L.; Bondarenko, V.; Morrison, S.; Casady, J. R. B.; Casady, J. B.] Semisouth Labs Inc, 201 Res Blvd, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Martin, P.; Gray, R.; Tian, G.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Scofield, J. D.] WPAFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cheng, L (reprint author), Semisouth Labs Inc, 201 Res Blvd, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM lin.cheng@semisouth.com; pmartin@cavs.msstate.edu; james.scofield@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-06-D-2608] FX This work is funded by US Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract # FA8650-06-D-2608 Delivery Order 0001. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 600-603 BP 1051 EP + PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BIX26 UT WOS:000263555300251 ER PT S AU Cheng, L Sankin, I Bondarenko, V Mazzola, MS Scofield, JD Sheridan, DC Martin, P Casady, JRB Casady, JB AF Cheng, L. Sankin, I. Bondarenko, V. Mazzola, M. S. Scofield, J. D. Sheridan, D. C. Martin, P. Casady, J. R. B. Casady, J. B. BE Suzuki, A Okumura, H Kimoto, T Fuyuki, T Fukuda, K Nishizawa, S TI High-Temperature Operation of 50 A (1600 A/cm(2)), 600 V 4H-SiC Vertical-Channel JFETs for High-Power Applications SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Otsu, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Assoc Promot Elect, Elect & Informat Engn, Ceram Soc Japan, IEEE EDS, Kansai Chapter, IEEJ, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan DE High temperature; high current; JFET; vertical-channel; 4H-SiC; high power AB In this work we have demonstrated the high-temperature operations of 600 V/50 A 4H-SiC vertical-channel junction field-effect transistors (VJFETs) with an active area of 3 mm(2). Specific-on resistance (R-ONSP) in the linear region of a single die is less than 2.6 m Omega.cm(2) while the drain-source current is over 50 A under a gate bias (V-GS) of 3 V. A reverse blocking gain of 54 is obtained at gate bias ranging from -13 V to -23 V and drain-source leakage current (I-RDS) of 200 mu A. To demonstrate the use of SiC VJFETs for high-power applications, eight 3 mm(2) SiC `VJFETs are bonded in a high current 600-V module. R-ONSP in the linear region of these eight-paralleled SiC VJFETs is 2.8 m Omega.cm(2) at room temperature and increased to 5.35 m Omega.cm(2) at an ambient temperature of 175 degrees C in air, corresponding to a shift of 0.61%/degrees C from room temperature to 175 degrees C. Meanwhile, the forward current is over 360 A at room temperature and reduces to 188 A at 175 degrees C at drain-source bias (V-DS) of 5.25 V and VGS of 3 V. C1 [Cheng, L.; Sankin, I.; Bondarenko, V.; Mazzola, M. S.; Sheridan, D. C.; Casady, J. R. B.; Casady, J. B.] Semisouth Labs Inc, 201 Res Blvd, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Scofield, J. D.] Wright Patterson AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mazzola, M. S.; Martin, P.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Cheng, L (reprint author), Semisouth Labs Inc, 201 Res Blvd, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM lin.cheng@semisouth.com; mazzola@cavs.msstate.edu; james.scofield@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-06-D2608] FX This work is funded by US Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract # FA8650-06-D2608Delivery Order 0001. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 600-603 BP 1055 EP + PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BIX26 UT WOS:000263555300252 ER PT S AU Tsao, BH Lawson, J Scofield, J Laing, C Brown, J AF Tsao, Bang-Hung Lawson, Jacob Scofield, James Laing, Clinton Brown, Jeffery BE Suzuki, A Okumura, H Kimoto, T Fuyuki, T Fukuda, K Nishizawa, S TI 3D Thermal Stress Model for SiC Power Modules SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Otsu, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Assoc Promot Elect, Elect & Informat Engn, Ceram Soc Japan, IEEE EDS, Kansai Chapter, IEEJ, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan DE SiC Power Module; Finite Element Analysis (FEA); Thermal Stress AB Three dimensional models of both single-chip and multiple-chip power sub-modules were generated using ANSYS in order to simulate the effects of various substrate materials, heat fluxes, heat transfer coefficients, and device placement configurations on temperature and thermal stress contours. Alumina, aluminum-nitride, and CVD diamond were compared as substrates. Heat fluxes of 100 to 500 watts/cm(2) resulted in SiC device junction temperatures in the range of 350 to 650 K. The predicted maximum operating temperature for a chip, to which 300 wattS/cm(2) of heat flux was applied, would be 239 degrees C (512 K). In the applied heat flux range, the minimum and maximum Von Mises stress of a simulated single SiC device sub-module was between 1.2 MPa to 2.4 GPa. The maximum shear stress at 300 watts/cm(2) was predicted to be 243 MPa. Both the maximum and minimum chip temperature decreased with increasing heat transfer coefficient from 25 to 2500 watts/m(2) K. With modest cooling, represented by a heat transfer coefficient (hconv) of 250 watts/m(2) K, SiC chips operated at 300 watts/cm(2) power density maintained junction temperatures T-j < 400 K. If consistent with simulation results, CVD diamond integrated substrates should be superior to those comprised of AlN or Al2O3. Asymmetric device placement in the multi-chip module proved more effective at avoiding potential hot spots than the symmetric configuration. C1 [Tsao, Bang-Hung; Lawson, Jacob] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Scofield, James; Brown, Jeffery] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Laing, Clinton] Program Management Off, Magna, UT 84044 USA. RP Tsao, BH (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM bang.tsao@wpafb.af.mil; jacob.lawson@wpafb.af.mil; james.scofield@wpafb.af.mil; clinton.laing@ssp.navy.mil; jeffery.brown@wpafb.af.mil FU Propulsion Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-04-D-2403, 13] FX This work was supported by the Propulsion Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, under contract no. FA8650-04-D-2403(DO#13). NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 600-603 BP 1227 EP + PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BIX26 UT WOS:000263555300295 ER PT J AU Fogler, KA Glidewell, R Zumas, B Shanes, E Dyche, J AF Fogler, K. A. Glidewell, R. Zumas, B. Shanes, E. Dyche, J. TI EARLY REM ONSET IN A NATURALLY OCCURRING SLEEP DEPRIVED POPULATION SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 06-11, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 [Fogler, K. A.; Zumas, B.; Shanes, E.; Dyche, J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Fogler, K. A.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Glidewell, R.] Lynn Inst Rockies, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Zumas, B.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2009 VL 32 MA 448 BP A148 EP A148 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 438FT UT WOS:000265542000450 ER PT J AU Fogler, KA Hiveley, EM Dyche, J AF Fogler, K. A. Hiveley, E. M. Dyche, J. TI DO EARLY BED/WAKE TIMES IMPROVE HEALTH AND GRADES IN A MILITARY SETTING? SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 06-11, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 [Fogler, K. A.; Hiveley, E. M.; Dyche, J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Fogler, K. A.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2009 VL 32 MA 396 BP A131 EP A131 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 438FT UT WOS:000265542000398 ER PT J AU Jonelis, MB Thoreson, K McKenna, B Salamat, J Drummond, SP AF Jonelis, M. B. Thoreson, K. McKenna, B. Salamat, J. Drummond, S. P. TI INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON 3 DISTINCT COGNITIVE TASKS SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 06-11, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 [Jonelis, M. B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Jonelis, M. B.; Thoreson, K.; McKenna, B.; Salamat, J.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, San Diego, CA USA. [Drummond, S. P.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Psychol Serv, San Diego, CA USA. [Thoreson, K.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Drummond, S. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [McKenna, B.] SDSU UCSD, Joint Doctoral Program Clin Psychol, San Diego, CA USA. [Thoreson, K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2009 VL 32 MA 0418 BP A138 EP A138 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 438FT UT WOS:000265542000420 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, L Dolan, DC AF Rosenthal, L. Dolan, D. C. TI COMPARISON OF SUBJECTIVE SLEEP POSITION PREFERENCE VS. OBJECTIVE AMBULATORY DATA SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 06-11, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 [Rosenthal, L.] Sleep Med Associates Texas, Dallas, TX USA. [Dolan, D. C.] Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Dolan, D. C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2009 VL 32 MA 1185 BP A387 EP A387 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 438FT UT WOS:000265542001531 ER PT J AU Thoreson, K Jonelis, M Drummond, S AF Thoreson, K. Jonelis, M. Drummond, S. TI DIFFERENTIAL BENEFIT OF RECOVERY SLEEP FOR COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE BASED ON DETERIORATION THROUGHOUT SLEEP DEPRIVATION SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Associated-Professional-Sleep-Societies CY JUN 06-11, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP Associated Profess Sleep Soc C1 [Thoreson, K.; Jonelis, M.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Res Serv, San Diego, CA USA. [Thoreson, K.] SDSU, SDSU Masters Program Psychol, San Diego, CA USA. [Thoreson, K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jonelis, M.] UCSF, UCSF Sch Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Jonelis, M.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Drummond, S.] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, Psychol Serv, San Diego, CA USA. [Drummond, S.] UCSD, Dept Psychiat, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2009 VL 32 MA 441 BP A146 EP A146 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 438FT UT WOS:000265542000443 ER PT B AU Baron, W Zeppettella, D AF Baron, William Zeppettella, David GP ASME TI MULTIFUNCTIONAL AIRFRAME STRUCTURE FOR ENERGY STORAGE USING A LOAD BEARING COAXIAL CAPACITOR SO SMASIS2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS, ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS - 2008, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY OCT 28-30, 2008 CL Ellicot, MD SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst AB Future directed energy systems may offer affordable, sustainable and scalable application of force to support emerging airborne missions with minimal collateral damage. These systems largely depend on the development of capacitors that can be used in pulse forming, networks (PFNs) and/or Marx bank configurations for the conversion of available prime electrical energy into the necessary short and very fast pulses of energy needed to energize military device loads. Such loads may be lasers, electromagnetic guns/launchers, high power microwaves, etc. Compact, lightweight, low cost, pulse power capacitor devices are a necessity for airborne applications and space-borne systems. This paper will discuss research aspects of an innovative concept to integrate an energy storage function into load bearing airframe structure, in order to eliminate much of the parasitic weight associated with conventional pulse power systems. Current high energy capacitors can weigh in the thousands of pounds as shown in Figure 1. For an airborne application this can have a significant effect on the size and take off gross weight of the aircraft. If small aircraft will be used in future directed energy systems, significant improvements in weight efficiency are necessary. Structural capacitor implies that the aircraft/spacecraft structure carries load and also provides a means of maintaining capacitive charge for energy storage and power conditioning in a variety of applications, both pulsed and continuous. The specific objective of this effort is to demonstrate feasibility of a plausible design concept, by conducting a series of experimental trials to characterize the structural and electrical efficiency of the concept. C1 [Baron, William; Zeppettella, David] USAF, Res Lab, Struct Concepts Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baron, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Struct Concepts Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4331-4 PY 2009 BP 677 EP 682 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science GA BJE63 UT WOS:000265211900081 ER PT B AU Tandon, GP Goecke, K Cable, K Baur, J AF Tandon, G. P. Goecke, K. Cable, K. Baur, J. GP ASME TI DURABILITY ASSESSMENT OF FABRIC-REINFORCED SHAPE-MEMORY POLYMER COMPOSITES SO SMASIS2009, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 21-23, 2009 CL Oxnard, CA SP ASME, AIAA ID POLYURETHANE SERIES; FILM AB The present study is a baseline assessment of the environmental durability of current state-of-the-art, fabric-reinforced shape memory materials being considered for morphing applications. Tensile dog-bone-shaped specimens are cut along three different directions, namely, along 0 degrees, perpendicular (90), and at 45 degrees to the orientation of the fabric. The shape memory properties and elastomeric response before and after relevant environmental exposure to water at 49 degrees C for 4 days, in lube oil at room temperature and at 49 degrees C for 24 hours, and after exposure to Xenon Arc (63 degrees C, 18 minutes water and light! 102 minutes light only) and spectral intensity of 0.3 to 0.4 watts/m(2) for 125 cycles (250 hours exposure time) are measured. Weight loss of the as-received and conditioned specimens is monitored while the dog-bone-shaped specimens are subjected to recovery following fixation. Parameters being investigated include stored strain, recovery stress, shape fixity, shape recovery, and modulus in the glassy and rubbery state. C1 [Tandon, G. P.; Goecke, K.; Baur, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tandon, GP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4896-8 PY 2009 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRH75 UT WOS:000282725500004 ER PT J AU White, TJ Bricker, RL Natarajan, LV Serak, SV Tabiryan, NV Bunning, TJ AF White, Timothy J. Bricker, Rebecca L. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Serak, Svetlana V. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Polymer stabilization of phototunable cholesteric liquid crystals SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL AZOBENZENE MOLECULES; SWITCHABLE MIRRORS; LIGHT-REFLECTION; BAND; PITCH; PHOTOISOMERIZATION; FILMS; HOST; GELS AB Prior examinations of azobenzene-based cholesteric liquid crystals (azo-CLCs) have primarily focused on light-directed tuning of the photonic bandgap, with particular attention paid to the magnitude of the shift of the reflection (tuning range). One potential limitation of these materials is the days-long dark restoration of the CLC from the photodisplaced spectra. This work demonstrates that polymer stabilization of azo-CLCs can dramatically reduce the time necessary for restoration from both the photoinduced isotropic (PHI) state and the photodisplaced CLC phase to the original spectral characteristics including position, bandwidth, and reflectivity. Specifically, an unstabilized azo-CLC takes 70 h to restore from the PHI state while a polymer stabilized azo-CLC regenerates the CLC phase in minutes and restores the original spectrum in a couple of hours. It is established herein that polymerization in the CLC phase is of critical importance to the restoration of highly reflective azo-CLC to the original spectral state (position, reflectivity, bandwidth, and baseline transmission). Polymerization in the CLC phase templates the polymer network with the original pitch which effectively guides the restoration of the azo-CLC helix from the photodisplaced state (isotropic or CLC). This work is another step toward the development of light-directed CLC devices capable of direct on-off binary optical switching or instantaneous tuning/relaxation, with potential applications in lasing, photonics, and imaging. C1 [White, Timothy J.; Bricker, Rebecca L.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bricker, Rebecca L.] SOCHE, Dayton, OH USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.] SAIC, Dayton, OH USA. [Serak, Svetlana V.; Tabiryan, Nelson V.] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements, Winter Pk, FL USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 19 BP 3623 EP 3628 DI 10.1039/b906758b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 498DQ UT WOS:000270117400012 ER PT J AU Lee, CO Luhmann, JG Odstrcil, D MacNeice, P de Pater, I Riley, P Arge, CN AF Lee, C. O. Luhmann, J. G. Odstrcil, D. MacNeice, P. J. de Pater, I. Riley, P. Arge, C. N. TI The Solar Wind at 1 AU During the Declining Phase of Solar Cycle 23: Comparison of 3D Numerical Model Results with Observations SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar Wind; Solar Cycle, Models; Solar cycle, Observations; Magnetic fields, Models; Magnetic fields, Interplanetary ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; MHD MODEL; PRIMARY MISSION; EVOLUTION; HELIOS-1; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; CORONA AB We present results of solar-wind parameters generated by 3D MHD models. The ENLIL inner-heliosphere solar-wind model together with the MAS or Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) coronal models, describe the steady solar-wind stream structure and its origins in the solar corona. The MAS/ENLIL and WSA/ENLIL models have been tuned to provide a simulation of plasma moments as well as interplanetary magnetic-field magnitude and polarity in the absence of disturbances from coronal transients. To investigate how well the models describe the ambient solar wind structure from the Sun out to 1 AU, the model results are compared to solar-wind measurements from the ACE spacecraft. We find that there is an overall agreement between the observations and the model results for the general large-scale solar-wind structures and trends, such as the timing of the high-density structures and the low- and high-speed winds, as well as the magnetic sector structures. The time period of our study is the declining phase of Solar Cycle 23 when the solar activity involves well-defined stream structure, which is ideal for testing a quasi-steady-state solar-wind model. C1 [Lee, C. O.; Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, C. O.; de Pater, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [MacNeice, P. J.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Riley, P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Arge, C. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Lee, CO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clee@ssl.berkeley.edu; jgluhman@ssl.berkeley.edu; Dusan.Odstrcil@noaa.gov; Peter.J.MacNeice@nasa.gov; imke@astron.berkeley.edu; pete.riley@saic.com; nick.arge@kirtland.af.mil RI MacNeice, Peter/F-5587-2012; OI Lee, Christina/0000-0002-1604-3326 FU National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship; Department of Defense (DoD) and the CISM; STC Program of the National Science Foundation [ATM-0120950] FX This research was supported by the 2005-2006 National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship awarded by the Department of Defense (DoD) and the CISM project, which is funded by the STC Program of the National Science Foundation under agreement number ATM-0120950. NR 45 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 254 IS 1 BP 155 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s11207-008-9280-y PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 382AN UT WOS:000261577100010 ER PT S AU Fernelius, NC Wang, X Tang, YJ Tang, SN AF Fernelius, Nils C. Wang, X. Tang, Yuanji Tang, Suning BE Clarkson, WA Hodgson, N Shori, RK TI Comparative studies of Nd:YxGd1-xVO4 laser with direct and indirect pumping SO SOLID STATE LASERS XVIII: TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lasers XVIII - Technology and Devices CY JAN 25-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Coherent Inc DE solid state lasers; mixed vanadate crystals; direct excitation; indirect excitation; laser efficiency ID END-PUMPED LASER; ND-YAG; CRYSTALS; PERFORMANCE; OPERATION; MIRROR; ARRAY AB We comparatively studied laser performance in the mixed vanadate crystals Nd:YxGd1-xVO4 with direct and indirect pumping. The maximum CW output power at 1064 nm was measured to be 6.6 W with 12 W direct 880 nm laser diode pumping, and 4.4 W with 8.8 W indirect 808 nm pumping. The optical conversion efficiency depended on the mixture ratio (x), pumping wavelength (direct or indirect), and pumping power. The hightest optical efficiency of 59% and slope efficiency of 74% were achived. C1 [Fernelius, Nils C.] AFRL RXPSO, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fernelius, NC (reprint author), AFRL RXPSO, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7439-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7193 AR 71930M DI 10.1117/12.805618 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSL69 UT WOS:000284870500015 ER PT J AU Coletta, D AF Coletta, Damon BE Coletta, D Pilch, FT TI Thinking about space and defense Introduction SO SPACE AND DEFENSE POLICY SE Space Power and Politics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Coletta, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88306-8 J9 SPACE POWER POLIT PY 2009 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BNL06 UT WOS:000274836500002 ER PT B AU Murray, DJ AF Murray, Douglas J. BE Coletta, D Pilch, FT TI Space and Defense Policy Foreword SO SPACE AND DEFENSE POLICY SE Space Power and Politics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Murray, Douglas J.] USAF Acad, Ctr Space & Def Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Murray, Douglas J.] USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Murray, DJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Ctr Space & Def Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88306-8 J9 SPACE POWER POLIT PY 2009 BP XV EP XVI PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BNL06 UT WOS:000274836500001 ER PT B AU Lawrence, T Saylor, WW Siegenthaler, K Ward, TG AF Lawrence, Timothy Saylor, William W. Siegenthaler, Ken Ward, Thomas G., Jr. BE Coletta, D Pilch, FT TI Space, science, and technology SO SPACE AND DEFENSE POLICY SE Space Power and Politics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lawrence, Timothy] USAF Acad, Space Syst Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lawrence, Timothy] USAF Acad, Dept Astronaut, Nav Guidance & Control Div, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lawrence, T (reprint author), USAF Acad, Space Syst Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88306-8 J9 SPACE POWER POLIT PY 2009 BP 27 EP 50 PG 24 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BNL06 UT WOS:000274836500004 ER PT B AU Linster, B AF Linster, Bruce BE Coletta, D Pilch, FT TI Space and the economy SO SPACE AND DEFENSE POLICY SE Space Power and Politics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Linster, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88306-8 J9 SPACE POWER POLIT PY 2009 BP 51 EP 63 PG 13 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BNL06 UT WOS:000274836500005 ER PT B AU Graham, T Huskisson, D AF Graham, Tom Huskisson, Darren BE Coletta, D Pilch, FT TI Cooperation in space International institutions SO SPACE AND DEFENSE POLICY SE Space Power and Politics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Huskisson, Darren] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88306-8 J9 SPACE POWER POLIT PY 2009 BP 104 EP 124 PG 21 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BNL06 UT WOS:000274836500007 ER PT B AU Sadeh, E Vallance, B AF Sadeh, Eligar Vallance, Brenda BE Coletta, D Pilch, FT TI The policy process SO SPACE AND DEFENSE POLICY SE Space Power and Politics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sadeh, Eligar] USAF Acad, Eisenhower Ctr Space & Def Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Sadeh, Eligar] Univ N Dakota, Sch Aerosp Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Vallance, Brenda] St Edwards Univ, Sch Behav & Social Sci, Austin, TX 78704 USA. RP Sadeh, E (reprint author), USAF Acad, Eisenhower Ctr Space & Def Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88306-8 J9 SPACE POWER POLIT PY 2009 BP 125 EP 149 PG 25 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BNL06 UT WOS:000274836500008 ER PT B AU Green, SG Heppard, KA Tremaine, RL AF Green, Steve G. Heppard, Kurt A. Tremaine, Robert L. BE Coletta, D Pilch, FT TI The acquisition process Acquiring technology for space and defense SO SPACE AND DEFENSE POLICY SE Space Power and Politics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Green, Steve G.; Heppard, Kurt A.] USAF Acad, MILSTAR Satellite Program, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Green, SG (reprint author), USAF Acad, MILSTAR Satellite Program, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88306-8 J9 SPACE POWER POLIT PY 2009 BP 231 EP 243 PG 13 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BNL06 UT WOS:000274836500011 ER PT B AU Harrison, RG AF Harrison, Roger G. BE Coletta, D Pilch, FT TI Space and Defense Policy Conclusion SO SPACE AND DEFENSE POLICY SE Space Power and Politics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Harrison, Roger G.] USAF Acad, Eisenhower Ctr Space & Def Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Harrison, RG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Eisenhower Ctr Space & Def Studies, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88306-8 J9 SPACE POWER POLIT PY 2009 BP 329 EP 335 PG 7 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BNL06 UT WOS:000274836500016 ER PT B AU Arnold, P AF Arnold, Preston BE Coletta, D Pilch, FT TI Landmarks in US space policy SO SPACE AND DEFENSE POLICY SE Space Power and Politics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arnold, Preston] USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88306-8 J9 SPACE POWER POLIT PY 2009 BP 336 EP 343 PG 8 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BNL06 UT WOS:000274836500017 ER PT S AU Elston, LJ Yerkes, KL Thomas, SK McQuillen, J AF Elston, Levi J. Yerkes, Kirk L. Thomas, Scott K. McQuillen, John BE Robertson, GA TI Qualitative Evaluation of a Liquid-Vapor Separator Concept in Micro-Gravity Conditions SO SPACE, PROPULSION & ENERGY SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL FORUM SPESIF-2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference on Thermophysics Applications in Microgravity/6th Symposium on New Frontiers in Space Propulsion Sciences/1st Symposium on Astrosociology CY FEB 24-26, 2009 CL Huntsville, AL SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrosociol Res Inst DE Liquid-Vapor Separator; Micro-Gravity Fluid Physics; Phase Separator AB An innovative liquid-vapor separator design has been incorporated into a spray cooling experiment, which was flown recently on the NASA C-9 reduced gravity aircraft. This design is the latest in a series of designs that have been flown in microgravity and elevated gravity in relation to an experimental investigation into spray cooling performance with regard to possible application to high-performance aircraft undergoing combat maneuvers. Initially, significant problems occurred during flight testing due to the inability of the reservoir to separate the liquid coolant from the vapor under microgravity conditions, which resulted in a loss of coolant to the simulated electronic device that was being spray cooled. Improvements in the design of the liquid-vapor separator are described in this paper, and experimental data showing the performance of several generations of liquid-vapor separators are presented. The final separator design went through more rigorous evaluation to compare performance at multiple fill levels, each with a higher percentage of vapor space within the reservoir. It was found that, using the final reservoir design, stable flow operation was achieved in micro-gravity for mass flow rates of m (over dot) = 14, 17.5, and 21 [g/s]. C1 [Elston, Levi J.; Yerkes, Kirk L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Elston, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM levi.elston@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0639-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1103 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels GA BJG15 UT WOS:000265592900001 ER PT S AU Miley, GH Momota, H Wu, LC Reilly, MP Teofilo, VL Burton, R Dell, R Dell, D Hargus, WA AF Miley, George H. Momota, Hiromu Wu, Linchun Reilly, Michael P. Teofilo, Vince L. Burton, Rodney Dell, Richard Dell, Dick Hargus, William A. BE Robertson, GA TI IEC Thrusters for Space Probe Applications and Propulsion SO SPACE, PROPULSION & ENERGY SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL FORUM SPESIF-2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference on Thermophysics Applications in Microgravity/6th Symposium on New Frontiers in Space Propulsion Sciences/1st Symposium on Astrosociology CY FEB 24-26, 2009 CL Huntsville, AL SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrosociol Res Inst DE Space Thruster; Inertial Electrostatic Confinement; Fusion Thruster; Plasma Thruster ID FUSION AB Earlier conceptual design studies (Bussard, 1990; Miley el al., 1998; Burton el al., 2003) have described Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) fusion propulsion to provide a high-power density fusion propulsion system capable of aggressive deep space missions. However, this requires large multi-GW thrusters and a long term development program. As a first step towards this goal, a progression of near-term IEC thrusters, stating with a 1-10 kWe electrically-driven IEC jet thruster for satellites are considered here. The initial electrically-powered unit uses a novel multi-jet plasma thruster based on spherical IEC technology with electrical input power from a solar panel. In this spherical configuration, Xe ions are generated and accelerated towards the center of double concentric spherical grids. An electrostatic potential well structure is created in the central region, providing ion trapping. Several enlarged grid opening extract intense quasi-neutral plasma jets. A variable specific impulse in the range of 1000-4000 seconds is achieved by adjusting the grid potential. This design provides high maneuverability for satellite and small space probe operations. The multiple jets, combined with gimbaled auxiliary equipment, provide precision changes in thrust direction. The IEC electrical efficiency can match or exceed efficiencies of conventional Hall Current Thrusters (HCTs) while offering advantages such as reduced grid erosion (long life time), reduced propellant leakage losses (reduced fuel storage), and a very high power-to-weight ratio. The unit is ideally suited for probing missions. The primary propulsive jet enables delicate maneuvering close to an object. Then simply opening a second jet offset 180 degrees from the propulsion one provides a "plasma analytic probe" for interrogation of the object. The technology underlying this electrically-driven jet unit leads naturally to a next generation fusion driven unit. For example, a low-Q version of one of the modules designed for the magnetically-channeled IEC trap array propulsion plant (Miley and Wu, 2007) could be used for next generation power units to replace current HCTs. These commonly generate 0.2 - 1.0 Newton's of thrust and 3-12 kWe for LEO or MEO to GEO orbit transfer as well as station keeping or orbit plane changes. The fusion IEC version offers major advances in system power density and eliminates use of increasingly scarce fuels like Xe. A feature of the IEC type fusion device is its non-Maxwellian operation, enabling use of advanced fuels such as the D-He employed in the Space Ship I I design (Burton et al., 2003). p-B11, such as used in (Bussard, 1990), represents an ultimate goal. Such units would initially be for large orbiting satellites, and then scaled up for use as a power/propulsion unit for a manned Mars or beyond interplanetary spacecraft. C1 [Miley, George H.; Momota, Hiromu; Wu, Linchun; Reilly, Michael P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Teofilo, Vince L.] Lockheed Martin Sp Syst Co, Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Burton, Rodney] Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL USA. [Dell, Richard; Dell, Dick] Adv Aerosp Res Ctr AARC, Raleigh, NC USA. [Hargus, William A.] Edwards AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Palmdale, CA USA. RP Miley, GH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghmiley@illinois.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0639-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1103 BP 164 EP 174 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Energy & Fuels GA BJG15 UT WOS:000265592900020 ER PT S AU Stanton, SA Marchand, BG AF Stanton, Stuart A. Marchand, Belinda G. BE Segerman, AM Lai, PC Wilkins, MP Pittelkau, ME TI FINITE SET CONTROL TRANSCRIPTION FOR OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2009, VOL 134, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 19th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2009 CL Savannah, GA SP AAS, AIAA ID HYBRID SYSTEMS AB Previous efforts explore an enhanced collocation method designed to treat optimal control applications in which control variables are constrained to finite sets of values. Presently, the method is applied to several aerospace control problems to demonstrate its utility and capability. On-off actuation schemes are ideally represented with constrained control. The behavior of variable-thrust actuators is modeled by limiting control change rates to a finite space. Solutions derived are characterized as optimal switching schedules between feasible control values. The methodology allows control switches to be determined over a continuous spectrum, overcoming many of the limitations associated with discretized solutions. C1 [Stanton, Stuart A.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanton, SA (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-554-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2009 VL 134 BP 307 EP 326 PN I-III PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BOE66 UT WOS:000276394400019 ER PT S AU Crouse, B Zanetti, R D'Souza, C Spanos, PD AF Crouse, Brian Zanetti, Renato D'Souza, Chris Spanos, Pol D. BE Segerman, AM Lai, PC Wilkins, MP Pittelkau, ME TI AUTONOMOUS OPTICAL LUNAR NAVIGATION SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2009, VOL 134, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 19th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2009 CL Savannah, GA SP AAS, AIAA AB The performance of optical autonomous navigation is investigated for spacecraft in low lunar orbits and highly elliptical lunar orbits. Various options for employing the camera measurements are presented and compared. Strategies for improving navigation performance are developed and applied to the Orion vehicle lunar mission. C1 [Crouse, Brian] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Crouse, B (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bcrouse@draper.com; rzanetti@draper.com; chris.dsouza@nasa.gov; spanos@rice.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-554-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2009 VL 134 BP 327 EP 341 PN I-III PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BOE66 UT WOS:000276394400020 ER PT S AU Wetterer, CJ Jah, M AF Wetterer, Charles J. Jah, Moriba BE Segerman, AM Lai, PC Wilkins, MP Pittelkau, ME TI ATTITUDE DETERMINATION FROM LIGHT CURVES VIA UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTERING SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2009, VOL 134, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 19th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2009 CL Savannah, GA SP AAS, AIAA AB A quaternion-based unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was used to recover attitude parameters and body rates for a simulated object of known shape and surface characteristics by reducing the light curve (observed brightness as a function of time) of a specific object. Synthetic data were generated for a sunlit cylinder in a geosynchronous transfer orbit, as observed from a specific ground site and corrupted by a white noise process. The light curve data were then reduced by the UKF (using the same observation model as the one which generated the synthetic measurements) to recover the attitude and rotation rate of the cylinder. The results were then compared to the known truth data as a means of quantifying filter performance. C1 [Wetterer, Charles J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wetterer, CJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-554-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2009 VL 134 BP 1567 EP 1584 PN I-III PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BOE66 UT WOS:000276394400095 ER PT S AU Jorris, TR Schulz, CS Rexius, S AF Jorris, Timothy R. Schulz, Christopher S. Rexius, Shawn BE Segerman, AM Lai, PC Wilkins, MP Pittelkau, ME TI IMPROVEMENTS IN PSEUDOSPECTRAL BASED HYPERSONIC VEHICLE TRAJECTORY GENERATION VIA ENHANCED AEROTHERMAL PREDICTION METHODS SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2009, VOL 134, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAS/AIAA 19th Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY FEB 08-12, 2009 CL Savannah, GA SP AAS, AIAA AB Hypersonic vehicle re-entry trajectories are traditionally formulated as a constrained two point boundary value problem which consider a variety of problem related path constraints. The solutions to these two point boundary value problems are found by employing numerical optimization techniques such as the accelerated projected gradient method or pseudospectral optimization techniques. Initial, terminal, and path constraints are used to describe the problem to be analyzed and are generally problem specific. For extended endoatmospheric hypersonic flight, the total aerothermal heat and heat flux imparted on the flight vehicle becomes a critical path constraint to consider when generating an optimal trajectory solution. Heat calculations used in these cases, however, tend to be simplified to closed form representation that solely consider stagnation heating to limit the constraint complexity. The Gauss pseudospectral optimization method has been shown to provide excellent solution convergence for highly constrained trajectory problems. This paper evaluates the performance of the Gauss pseudospectral optimization method in generating long flight duration hypersonic vehicle trajectories considering complex aeroheating calculations as path constraints. C1 [Jorris, Timothy R.] USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Jorris, TR (reprint author), USAF, Test Pilot Sch, 220 S Wolfe Ave, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM timothy.jorris@us.af.mil NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-554-1 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2009 VL 134 BP 1777 EP 1791 PN I-III PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BOE66 UT WOS:000276394400107 ER PT B AU Repperger, DW Phillips, CA AF Repperger, Daniel W. Phillips, Chandler A. BE Nof, SY TI The Human Role in Automation SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF AUTOMATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FUNCTION ALLOCATION; SYSTEMS; TRUST; MACHINES; ROBOT; COST; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGIES C1 [Repperger, Daniel W.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Phillips, Chandler A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Repperger, DW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, 711 Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Daniel.repperger@wpafb.af.mil; Chandler.Phillips@wright.edu NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-78830-0 PY 2009 BP 295 EP 304 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_17 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BKW94 UT WOS:000269494300017 ER PT B AU Badiru, AB AF Badiru, Adedeji B. BA Badiru, AB BF Badiru, AB TI Science, Technology, and Engineering Project Methodology SO STEP PROJECT MANAGEMENT: GUIDE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND ENGINEERING PROJECTS SE Industrial Innovation Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Badiru, Adedeji B.] USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. [Badiru, Adedeji B.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Badiru, Adedeji B.] Univ Oklahoma, Univ Coll, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Badiru, Adedeji B.] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Badiru, AB (reprint author), USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7235-8 J9 IND INNOV SER PY 2009 BP 1 EP 42 D2 10.1201/9781420072365 PG 42 WC Business; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJX44 UT WOS:000267354500001 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, CC Canfield, RA Blair, M AF Rasmussen, C. C. Canfield, R. A. Blair, M. TI Optimization process for configuration of flexible joined-wing SO STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ISSMO 10th Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2004 CL Albany, NY SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ISSMO DE Configuration design; Multidisciplinary optimization; Response surface methodology ID DESIGN; AIRCRAFT AB An optimized configuration design utilizing both structural and aerodynamic analyses of a flexible joined-wing configuration is presented in this paper. The joined-wing aircraft concept fulfills a proposed long-endurance surveillance mission and incorporates a load-bearing antenna structure embedded in the wing skin. Aerodynamic, structural, and optimization analyses are completed a number of times. A range of joined-wing configurations were trimmed for critical flight conditions and then structurally optimized for trimmed flight and gust loads to achieve a minimum weight for each configuration. A response surface statistical analysis was then applied to determine optimal joined-wing aircraft configurations. The response surface showed trends in the design of lightweight joined-wing aircraft. C1 [Rasmussen, C. C.; Canfield, R. A.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Blair, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, AFRL VA, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Rasmussen, CC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM cody.rasmussen@afit.edu; robert.canfield@afit.edu RI Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-147X J9 STRUCT MULTIDISCIP O JI Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 3 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s00158-008-0229-4 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA 373JH UT WOS:000260967400005 ER PT J AU Kundu, T Das, S Jata, KV AF Kundu, Tribikram Das, Samik Jata, Kumar V. TI Health Monitoring of a Thermal Protection System using Lamb Waves SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Thermal Protection System (TPS); delamination defect; impact; guided wave; Lamb wave; acoustic emission; passive monitoring; ultrasonic transducers ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION SOURCES; ANISOTROPIC PLATES; COMPOSITE; DEFECTS; LOCATION; IMPACT; MODES; PROPAGATION; GENERATION; VIBRATION AB The applicability of guided waves as a structural health monitoring (SHM) tool to predict the point of impact and detect delamination in a thermal protection system (TPS) is studied. A model TPS was designed by bonding ceramic porous tiles to a 2.2mm thick 2124-T351 aluminum alloy plate. The delamination defect may be caused by the impact phenomenon or due to other reasons such as manufacturing defect, thermal, or mechanical fatigue, etc. Impact phenomenon is simulated by dropping a ping pong ball on the tiled structure. The delamination at the interface between the ceramic tile and the aluminum plate is simulated by removing the adhesive bond at the selected interface regions during the specimen fabrication process. The conventional triangulation technique cannot predict the point of impact in a tiled plate structure because the triangulation technique assumes that the wave speed is independent of the direction of propagation which is not the case for ceramic tile mounted plates. An alternative method based on the optimization scheme was proposed by Kundu et al. [1] to locate the point of impact in plates by analyzing the time of arrival of the ultrasonic signals received by passive sensors attached to the plate. This objective function based method is used to locate the impact point on the tiled plate. Experiments are carried out by dropping a ping pong ball on the tiled structure and recording acoustic signals by passive transducers adhesively bonded to the plate at three different locations. The impact point is predicted and compared with the actual location of impact. Delamination detection studies were conducted in the pitch-catch mode, by changing the angle of strike and the frequency of the transducer excitation to generate the appropriate guided wave mode. The delamination defect could be detected and the impact point could be identified underlining the importance of the use of guided waves as an SHM tool for TPS. C1 [Kundu, Tribikram; Das, Samik] Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jata, Kumar V.] USAF, NDE Branch, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Kundu, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tkundu@email.arizona.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; AFRL/MLLP; Iowa State University FX This research was partially supported from a research grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/MLLP, through CNDE (Center for Nondestructive Evaluation) of the Iowa State University. Experiments were conducted at AFRL/MLLP while the first author was there as a summer visiting scientist/professor. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1475-9217 J9 STRUCT HEALTH MONIT JI Struct. Health Monit. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 DI 10.1177/1475921708090558 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 398XB UT WOS:000262763700003 ER PT J AU Vittori, J Bremer, K Vittori, P AF Vittori, Jodi Bremer, Kristin Vittori, Pasquale TI Islam in Tanzania and Kenya: Ally or Threat in the War on Terror? SO STUDIES IN CONFLICT & TERRORISM LA English DT Article AB This article explores the historical emergence of Islam in East Africa, details the political background of Tanzania and Kenya, the role of Islam in each country, and U.S. foreign policy in the region. The recent U.S. strategy of intelligence-sharing with Kenya, training and military support to both Kenya and Tanzania, and air strikes in Somalia are assessed. In addition to the current military emphasis, the United States should incorporate more osofto options, such as the promotion of democratic governance in these nascent democracies through political assistance in constitutional, judicial, and law-enforcement reform, as well as encouraging greater inclusion of Muslims in the political system. C1 [Vittori, Jodi] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Bremer, Kristin] Kutztown State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Kutztown, PA USA. [Vittori, Pasquale] USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Vittori, J (reprint author), USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. EM jodimat@hotmail.com NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1057-610X J9 STUD CONFL TERROR JI Stud. Confl. Terror. PY 2009 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1075 EP 1099 AR PII 917321509 DI 10.1080/10576100903319805 PG 25 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 528XP UT WOS:000272480600004 ER PT B AU Brown, O Kennedy, F Pulliam, W AF Brown, Owen Kennedy, Fred Pulliam, Wade BE Sachdev, DK TI DARPA's SPACE HISTORY SO SUCCESS STORIES IN SATELLITE SYSTEMS SE Library of Flight LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Brown, Owen; Kennedy, Fred; Pulliam, Wade] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Tact Technol Off, Arlington, VA USA. [Kennedy, Fred] USAF, Phillips Lab, Carlise, PA USA. [Brown, Owen] Space Syst Loral, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Brown, O (reprint author), Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Tact Technol Off, Arlington, VA USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 978-1-56347-966-3 J9 LIBR FLIGHT PY 2009 BP 353 EP + PG 29 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BKF81 UT WOS:000267990500016 ER PT J AU Learn, P Kahlenberg, MS AF Learn, PeterA. Kahlenberg, Morton S. TI Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes and the Role of the Surgical Oncologist SO SURGICAL ONCOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review DE Colorectal neoplasms; Genetics; Genetic testing ID FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS; PEUTZ-JEGHERS-SYNDROME; MISMATCH-REPAIR GENES; REVISED BETHESDA GUIDELINES; NONPOLYPOSIS COLON-CANCER; BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; LYNCH-SYNDROME; JUVENILE POLYPOSIS; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; APC GENE AB The expanding understanding of the genetic basis to hereditary colon cancer syndromes is dismantling previously conceived categorizations and shedding light on why those schemes often failed in past. This review highlights evolving concepts regarding the genetic diagnosis and clinical management of the more commonly inherited colorectal cancer syndromes, including a discussion of recently described familial syndromes. This review also addresses clinician responsibilities in recognition of familial syndromes and provision of counseling. C1 [Kahlenberg, Morton S.] Baptist Canc Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78217 USA. [Learn, PeterA.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Learn, PeterA.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Kahlenberg, MS (reprint author), Baptist Canc Ctr, 8711 Village Dr,Suite 325, San Antonio, TX 78217 USA. EM kahlenberg@surgoncsouthtexas.com NR 142 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1055-3207 J9 SURG ONCOL CLIN N AM JI Surg. Oncol. Clin. N. Am. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 121 EP + DI 10.1016/j.soc.2008.08.007 PG 25 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 390NH UT WOS:000262170500009 PM 19056045 ER PT J AU Kozlowski, SWJ Watola, DJ Jensen, JM Kim, BH Botero, IC AF Kozlowski, Steve W. J. Watola, Daniel J. Jensen, Jaclyn M. Kim, Brian H. Botero, Isabel C. BE Salas, E Goodwin, GF Burke, CS TI Developing Adaptive Teams: A Theory of Dynamic Team Leadership SO TEAM EFFECTIVENESS IN COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS: CROSS-DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES AND APPROACHES SE SIOP Organizational Frontiers Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SELF-EFFICACY; ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIALIZATION; SHARED LEADERSHIP; MENTAL MODELS; INFORMATION-SEEKING; COLLECTIVE-EFFICACY; TRANSACTIVE MEMORY; GROUP COHESIVENESS; GOAL ORIENTATION; TASK STRATEGIES C1 [Kozlowski, Steve W. J.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kozlowski, Steve W. J.] Amer Psychol Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Kozlowski, Steve W. J.] Assoc Psychol Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Kozlowski, Steve W. J.] Int Assoc Appl Psychol, Madrid, Spain. [Kozlowski, Steve W. J.] Soc Ind & Org Psychol, Washington, DC USA. [Watola, Daniel J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jensen, Jaclyn M.] George Washington Univ, Sch Business, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Kim, Brian H.] Occidental Coll, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Botero, Isabel C.] Illinois State Univ, Sch Commun, Normal, IL 61761 USA. RP Kozlowski, SWJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI KOZLOWSKI, STEVE/G-4614-2012 OI KOZLOWSKI, STEVE/0000-0002-5123-3424 NR 159 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 8 U2 19 PU PSYCHOLOGY PRESS PI HOVE PA 27 CHURCH ROAD, HOVE BN3 2FA, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-8058-5881-5 J9 SIOP ORGAN FRONT SER PY 2009 BP 113 EP 155 PG 43 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA BUY94 UT WOS:000290753500007 ER PT J AU Gschwender, LJ Snyder, CE AF Gschwender, Lois J. Snyder, Carl E., Jr. TI US Air Force Perfluoropolyalkylether Experiences SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Antiwear Additives; Aviation; Fluorocarbons; Viscosity-Pressure; Viscosity-Temperature; Jet Engine Oils AB The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) received the first sample of perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE) liquid lubricant outside of private industry in the 1960s. The unique behavior of PFPAE fluids includes their excellent thermal stability (up to 345 degrees C with appropriate additives) and excellent viscosity-temperature properties for the linear structures. Military applications are often cutting-edge technology requiring these unique properties, but other undesirable behavior such as tribo-corrosion has required investigations into basic understanding of PFPAE fluids. From the 1960s on, Air Force scientists have investigated many aspects of their behavior as summarized here. This presentation discusses various types of PFPAEs commercially available and highlights studies on elastohydrodynamic lubrication film formation, model compounds, additives, relative humidity relationship to wear, and potential U. S. military program applications. C1 [Gschwender, Lois J.; Snyder, Carl E., Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gschwender, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1080/10402000802065360 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA V15YN UT WOS:000207837400004 ER PT B AU Shay, TM Duarte, FJ AF Shay, T. M. Duarte, F. J. BE Duarte, FJ TI Tunable Fiber Lasers SO TUNABLE LASER APPLICATIONS, SECOND EDITION SE Optical Science and Engineering-CRC LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-POWER; NARROW-LINEWIDTH; MODE OPERATION; BRAGG GRATINGS; RING LASER; ER; OSCILLATORS; AMPLIFIER; FILTER C1 [Shay, T. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Duarte, F. J.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Duarte, F. J.] Interferometr Opt, Rochester, NY USA. RP Shay, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6009-6 J9 OPT SCI ENG-CRC PY 2009 VL 137 BP 179 EP 196 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BJV13 UT WOS:000267233800006 ER PT B AU Rasmussen, S Shima, T Chandler, P AF Rasmussen, Steven Shima, Tal Chandler, Phillip BE Shima, T Rasmussen, S TI UAV Cooperative Decision and Control Challenges and Practical Approaches Introduction SO UAV COOPERATIVE DECISION AND CONTROL: CHALLENGES AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES SE Advances in Design and Control LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Rasmussen, Steven] USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Miami Valley Aerosp LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shima, Tal] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Rasmussen, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Miami Valley Aerosp LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-64-1 J9 ADV DES CONTROL PY 2009 IS 18 BP 1 EP 14 D2 10.1137/1.9780898718584 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJS30 UT WOS:000267067500001 ER PT B AU Chandler, P Pachter, M AF Chandler, Phillip Pachter, Meir BE Shima, T Rasmussen, S TI Challenges SO UAV COOPERATIVE DECISION AND CONTROL: CHALLENGES AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES SE Advances in Design and Control LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM; AGENTS AB In this chapter the challenges of cooperative control are examined. While the dynamics of unmanned air vehicles are important, considerations relevant to resource allocation and optimization, the prevailing information pattern, and unstructured environment/uncertainty, dominate the analysis. The potential benefits of cooperative team actions and, in general, the benefits of cooperation among distributed controlled objects are addressed. C1 [Chandler, Phillip] USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, Meir] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chandler, P (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-64-1 J9 ADV DES CONTROL PY 2009 IS 18 BP 15 EP 35 DI 10.1137/1.9780898718584.ch2 D2 10.1137/1.9780898718584 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJS30 UT WOS:000267067500002 ER PT B AU Schumacher, C Shima, T AF Schumacher, Corey Shima, Tal BE Shima, T Rasmussen, S TI Single-Task Tours SO UAV COOPERATIVE DECISION AND CONTROL: CHALLENGES AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES SE Advances in Design and Control LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schumacher, Corey] USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shima, Tal] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Schumacher, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-64-1 J9 ADV DES CONTROL PY 2009 IS 18 BP 37 EP 51 DI 10.1137/1.9780898718584.ch3 D2 10.1137/1.9780898718584 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJS30 UT WOS:000267067500003 ER PT B AU Shima, T Schumacher, C Rasmussen, S AF Shima, Tal Schumacher, Corey Rasmussen, Steven BE Shima, T Rasmussen, S TI Multiple Assignmets SO UAV COOPERATIVE DECISION AND CONTROL: CHALLENGES AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES SE Advances in Design and Control LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Shima, Tal] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Rasmussen, Steven] USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Miami Valley Aerosp LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shima, T (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-64-1 J9 ADV DES CONTROL PY 2009 IS 18 BP 53 EP 72 DI 10.1137/1.9780898718584.ch4 D2 10.1137/1.9780898718584 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJS30 UT WOS:000267067500004 ER PT B AU Schumacher, C Shima, T AF Schumacher, Corey Shima, Tal BE Shima, T Rasmussen, S TI Simultaneous Multiple Assignments SO UAV COOPERATIVE DECISION AND CONTROL: CHALLENGES AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES SE Advances in Design and Control LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schumacher, Corey] USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shima, Tal] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Schumacher, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-64-1 J9 ADV DES CONTROL PY 2009 IS 18 BP 73 EP 88 DI 10.1137/1.9780898718584.ch5 D2 10.1137/1.9780898718584 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJS30 UT WOS:000267067500005 ER PT B AU Shima, T Rasmussen, S AF Shima, Tal Rasmussen, Steven BE Shima, T Rasmussen, S TI Estimation Algorithms for Improved Cooperation Under Uncertainty SO UAV COOPERATIVE DECISION AND CONTROL: CHALLENGES AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES SE Advances in Design and Control LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Shima, Tal] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Rasmussen, Steven] USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Miami Valley Aerosp LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shima, T (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-64-1 J9 ADV DES CONTROL PY 2009 IS 18 BP 89 EP 101 DI 10.1137/1.9780898718584.ch6 D2 10.1137/1.9780898718584 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJS30 UT WOS:000267067500006 ER PT B AU Kish, B Pachter, M Jacques, D AF Kish, Brian Pachter, Meir Jacques, David BE Shima, T Rasmussen, S TI Effectiveness Measures for Operations in Uncertain Environments SO UAV COOPERATIVE DECISION AND CONTROL: CHALLENGES AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES SE Advances in Design and Control LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kish, Brian; Jacques, David] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, Meir] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kish, B (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-64-1 J9 ADV DES CONTROL PY 2009 IS 18 BP 103 EP 124 DI 10.1137/1.9780898718584.ch7 D2 10.1137/1.9780898718584 PG 22 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJS30 UT WOS:000267067500007 ER PT B AU Rasmussen, S AF Rasmussen, Steven BE Shima, T Rasmussen, S TI MultiUAV Simulation SO UAV COOPERATIVE DECISION AND CONTROL: CHALLENGES AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES SE Advances in Design and Control LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Miami Valley Aerosp LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rasmussen, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Miami Valley Aerosp LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-64-1 J9 ADV DES CONTROL PY 2009 IS 18 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1137/1.9780898718584.appa D2 10.1137/1.9780898718584 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJS30 UT WOS:000267067500008 ER PT B AU Ceccarelli, N Rasmussen, S AF Ceccarelli, Nicola Rasmussen, Steven BE Shima, T Rasmussen, S TI Path Planning for UAVs SO UAV COOPERATIVE DECISION AND CONTROL: CHALLENGES AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES SE Advances in Design and Control LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Ceccarelli, Nicola] USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Natl Res Council, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rasmussen, Steven] USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Miami Valley Aerosp LLC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ceccarelli, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Natl Res Council, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898716-64-1 J9 ADV DES CONTROL PY 2009 IS 18 BP 141 EP 158 DI 10.1137/1.9780898718584.appb D2 10.1137/1.9780898718584 PG 18 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJS30 UT WOS:000267067500009 ER PT S AU Kingston, D AF Kingston, Derek BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Road Surveillance Using a Team of Small UAVs SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XI CY APR 17-17, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE small UAVs; surveillance; cooperative control; automation AB Monitoring roads is an important task for missions such as base security. This paper describes a road monitoring system composed of a team of small UAVs equipped with gimballed cameras. Given a fine description of the target road, algorithms for waypoint approximation, sensor steering, and UAV spacing are developed to allow N UAVs to survey stretches of road for activity. By automating the route generation and road tracking, human operators are freed to study the sensor returns from the vehicles to detect anomalous behavior. The spacing algorithm is robust to retasking and insertion/deletion of UAVs. Hardware results are presented that demonstrate the applicability of the solution. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Kingston, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. EM derek.kingston@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7598-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7332 AR 73320U DI 10.1117/12.818774 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Robotics; Optics GA BVS50 UT WOS:000292646300019 ER PT J AU Cespedes, RD Serkin, FB AF Cespedes, R. Duane Serkin, Faye B. TI Is Injection Therapy for Stress Urinary Incontinence Dead? No SO UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID COLLAGEN INJECTION; WOMEN; MULTICENTER; PATIENT C1 [Cespedes, R. Duane; Serkin, Faye B.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cespedes, RD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM dcespedes@satx.rr.com NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI Urology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 1 BP 11 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.urology.2008.05.048 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 393NJ UT WOS:000262379700006 PM 18829080 ER PT S AU Luo, J Andrian, JH Zhou, C Stephens, JP AF Luo, Jun Andrian, Jean H. Zhou, Chi Stephens, James P., Sr. BE Powell, S Shim, JP TI Performance Analysis of Interference for OFDM Systems SO WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY: APPLICATIONS, MANAGEMENT, AND SECURITY SE Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The bit error rate (BER) analysis of various interference types Is discussed for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in both analytical form and software simulation results. Specifically, the BER performance of barrage noise interference (BNI), partial band interference (PBI), and multitone interference (MTI) has been investigated in time-correlated Rayleigh fading channel with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). In addition, two novel intentional interference injecting methods - optimal-fraction PBI and optimal-fraction MTI - for OFDM systems are proposed with detailed theoretical analysis. Simulation results validate the analytical results. It is shown that under the various channel conditions, the optimal-fraction MTI always gives the best interference effect among all the interference models given in this chapter. Both analysis and simulation indicate that the proposed optimal-fraction MTI can be used to obtain improved interference effect under various channel conditions with low complexity for OFDM systems. C1 [Luo, Jun; Andrian, Jean H.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Zhou, Chi] IIT, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Stephens, James P., Sr.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM Jean.Andrian@flu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1876-1100 BN 978-0-387-71786-9 J9 LECT NOTES ELECTR EN PY 2009 VL 44 BP 145 EP 160 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-71787-6_10 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-71787-6 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BKW10 UT WOS:000269452700010 ER PT B AU Schneider, BR AF Schneider, Barry R. BE Kindt, MT Post, JM Schneider, BR TI Al Qaeda's Modus Operandi: Anticipating Their Target Selection SO WORLDS MOST THREATENING TERRORIST NETWORKS AND CRIMINAL GANGS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Schneider, Barry R.] USAF, CPC, Maxwell AFB, OH USA. RP Schneider, BR (reprint author), USAF, CPC, Maxwell AFB, OH USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-62329-3 PY 2009 BP 29 EP 48 D2 10.1057/9780230623293 PG 20 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BSI91 UT WOS:000284582800002 ER PT B AU Burgess, SF AF Burgess, Stephen F. BE Kindt, MT Post, JM Schneider, BR TI Political Islam and Radical Islam: The Cases of Pakistan and Bangladesh SO WORLDS MOST THREATENING TERRORIST NETWORKS AND CRIMINAL GANGS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burgess, Stephen F.] US Air War Coll, Dept Int Secur, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. [Burgess, Stephen F.] USAF, Counterproliferat Ctr CPC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burgess, SF (reprint author), US Air War Coll, Dept Int Secur, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-62329-3 PY 2009 BP 49 EP 69 D2 10.1057/9780230623293 PG 21 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BSI91 UT WOS:000284582800003 ER PT J AU Kindt, MT AF Kindt, Michael T. BE Kindt, MT Post, JM Schneider, BR TI Hezbollah: A State within a State SO WORLDS MOST THREATENING TERRORIST NETWORKS AND CRIMINAL GANGS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kindt, Michael T.] USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Kindt, Michael T.] USAF, CPC, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Kindt, MT (reprint author), USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Lackland AFB, TX USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-62329-3 PY 2009 BP 123 EP 144 D2 10.1057/9780230623293 PG 22 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BSI91 UT WOS:000284582800006 ER PT S AU Hewett, KB AF Hewett, Kevin B. BE Vilar, R Conde, O Fajardo, M Silva, LO Pires, M Utkin, A TI Singlet oxygen generators - the heart of chemical oxygen iodine lasers: past, present and future SO XVII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GAS FLOW, CHEMICAL LASERS, AND HIGH-POWER LASERS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP INOV, SPIRICON Laser Beam Diagnost, Multiwave Photon, Amplitude Syst DE Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser; Singlet Oxygen Generator ID SUPERSONIC COIL; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; JET GENERATOR; BUFFER GAS; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE; FLOW AB Since the initial demonstration of chemical oxygen iodine lasers in 1977, researchers have realized that the heart of the COIL system is the singlet oxygen generator. This drives the performance of the system in terms of output power, mass efficiency, engineering complexity, reliability and maintainability. For this reason the singlet oxygen generator has been the focus of intense research and development efforts over the last 30 years. This paper reports on the history of singlet oxygen generators - starting with the simple sparger design used in the initial COIL demonstration and ending with current jet or droplet generators used in laboratories around the world. The relative performance of the different generator types will naturally lead to performance goals for the research efforts of the future. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hewett, KB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rdlc.sci.org@kirtland.af.mil NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7365-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7131 AR 71310I DI 10.1117/12.816612 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics GA BSS82 UT WOS:000285717000018 ER PT S AU Zeringue, C Dajani, I Bronder, TJ Shay, T Robin, C AF Zeringue, Clint Dajani, Iyad Bronder, T. Justin Shay, Thomas Robin, Craig BE Vilar, R Conde, O Fajardo, M Silva, LO Pires, M Utkin, A TI SBS mitigation with multi-tone amplification- a theoretical model SO XVII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON GAS FLOW, CHEMICAL LASERS, AND HIGH-POWER LASERS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP INOV, SPIRICON Laser Beam Diagnost, Multiwave Photon, Amplitude Syst DE fiber amplifier; stimulated Brillouin scattering; four-wave mixing AB Two approaches to two- and three-tone seeding of high power ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers are investigated using a symbolic and numerical code that solves a two point boundary problem consisting of a 12x12 system of nonlinear differential equations. Optimization of amplifier action is considered in relation to the two most dominant nonlinear effects: stimulated Brillouin scattering and four-wave mixing. One approach uses a large wavelength separation among the input seed beams, while in the other approach the seeds are separated by precisely twice the Brillouin shift. It is found that for both techniques significant increase in amplifier output can be obtained, although for the latter case a substantial amount of power is generated in the four-wave mixing sidebands. C1 [Zeringue, Clint; Dajani, Iyad; Bronder, T. Justin; Shay, Thomas; Robin, Craig] USAF, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zeringue, C (reprint author), USAF, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RDLO.BR.CH.DEP.SEC.DL@Kirtland.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7365-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7131 AR 71310Y DI 10.1117/12.815358 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics GA BSS82 UT WOS:000285717000033 ER PT J AU Crooker, NU Kahler, SW Gosling, JT Lepping, RP AF Crooker, N. U. Kahler, S. W. Gosling, J. T. Lepping, R. P. TI Evidence in magnetic clouds for systematic open flux transport on the Sun SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; ELECTRONS; TOPOLOGY; DEPLETIONS; EVENTS AB Most magnetic clouds encountered by spacecraft at 1 AU display a mix of unidirectional suprathermal electrons signaling open field lines and counterstreaming electrons signaling loops connected to the Sun at both ends. Assuming the open fields were originally loops that underwent interchange reconnection with open fields at the Sun, we determine the sense of connectedness of the open fields found in 72 of 97 magnetic clouds identified by the Wind spacecraft in order to obtain information on the location and sense of the reconnection and resulting flux transport at the Sun. The true polarity of the open fields in each magnetic cloud was determined from the direction of the suprathermal electron flow relative to the magnetic field direction. Results indicate that the polarity of all open fields within a given magnetic cloud is the same 89% of the time, implying that interchange reconnection at the Sun most often occurs in only one leg of a flux rope loop, thus transporting open flux in a single direction, from a coronal hole near that leg to the foot point of the opposite leg. This pattern is consistent with the view that interchange reconnection in coronal mass ejections systematically transports an amount of open flux sufficient to reverse the polarity of the heliospheric field through the course of the solar cycle. Using the same electron data, we also find that the fields encountered in magnetic clouds are only a third as likely to be locally inverted as not. While one might expect inversions to be equally as common as not in flux rope coils, consideration of the geometry of spacecraft trajectories relative to the modeled magnetic cloud axes leads us to conclude that the result is reasonable. C1 [Crooker, N. U.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Gosling, J. T.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kahler, S. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Lepping, R. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Weather Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Crooker, NU (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM crooker@bu.edu FU NASA [NNG06GC18G] FX This paper is based upon work supported by NASA under grant NNG06GC18G. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A12 AR A12107 DI 10.1029/2008JA013628 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 388UH UT WOS:000262044200001 ER PT J AU Hollkamp, JJ Gordon, RW AF Hollkamp, Joseph J. Gordon, Robert W. TI Reduced-order models for nonlinear response prediction: Implicit condensation and expansion SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB Accurate prediction of the response of aircraft skins to acoustic loading is important in the design of future air vehicles. Direct time integration of full-order, nonlinear, finite element models may be accurate, but is computationally expensive. Much work has been reported in recent years on prediction methods, which reduce a finite element model to a reduced-order system of nonlinear modal equations. The major difference among the methods is the means by which induced membrane displacements are modeled. One method is the implicit condensation method where the effects of membrane displacements are condensed into the nonlinear stiffness terms of the bending equations. Membrane displacements are not explicitly modeled, so membrane basis vectors are not needed. However, the lack of membrane displacements, prohibits the recovery of membrane stresses and strains from the standard finite element strain-displacement relationships. Here, the implicit condensation method is improved by adding a step to recover membrane displacements using an estimated membrane basis. Examples are given that demonstrate the viability of the proposed method. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hollkamp, Joseph J.; Gordon, Robert W.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RBSM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hollkamp, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RBSM, 2790 D St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joseph.Hollkamp@wpafb.af.mil; Robert.Gordon@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD DEC 23 PY 2008 VL 318 IS 4-5 BP 1139 EP 1153 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2008.04.035 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 358UR UT WOS:000259943500031 ER PT J AU Tandon, GP Pochiraju, KV Schoeppner, GA AF Tandon, G. P. Pochiraju, K. V. Schoeppner, G. A. TI Thermo-oxidative behavior of high-temperature PMR-15 resin and composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Composite Materials CY FEB 20-23, 2007 CL New Delhi, INDIA SP India Habitat Ctr DE Thermo-oxidation; Anisotropic; Diffusion; Reaction; Aging; Damage ID ORGANIC MATRIX COMPOSITES; THERMAL-OXIDATION; WEIGHT-LOSS; DEGRADATION; STABILITY; PRESSURE; EPOXY AB The present study examines the thermo-oxidative behavior of high-temperature polymer matrix composite materials. Thermo-oxidative aging in neat resin is simulated with a diffusion-reaction model in which temperature, oxygen concentration and weight loss effects are considered. The thermo-oxidative behavior of the composite, on the other hand, is significantly different from that of the constituents as the composite microstructure, including the fiber/matrix interphase/interface, introduces anisotropy in the diffusion and oxidation behavior. Unit cell analyses are carried out using three-dimensional finite element analysis of repeated volume elements representing the fiber, matrix and interphase regions, and the resin oxidation model. Parametric studies illustrating the anisotropy in the oxidative region growth and the effect of fiber and interphase diffusivity on the oxidation layer growth are discussed. It is suggested that fiber-matrix debonding could provide additional diffusion paths to explain the extent of observed anisotropic oxidation growth. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tandon, G. P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Pochiraju, K. V.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Schoeppner, G. A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tandon, GP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM G.Tandon@wpafb.af.mil OI Pochiraju, Kishore/0000-0002-0248-8658 NR 27 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 498 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 150 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.09.103 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 379UA UT WOS:000261420500023 ER PT J AU Bezrodny, VG Charkina, OV Galushko, VG Groves, K Kashcheyev, AS Watkins, BJ Yampolski, YM Murayama, Y AF Bezrodny, V. G. Charkina, O. V. Galushko, V. G. Groves, K. Kashcheyev, A. S. Watkins, B. J. Yampolski, Y. M. Murayama, Y. TI Application of an imaging HF riometer for the observation of scintillations of discrete cosmic sources SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIELD-ALIGNED IRREGULARITIES; RADIO-SOURCES AB Scintillations of discrete cosmic radio sources have been investigated theoretically and experimentally for radiation scattered from natural and artificial inhomogeneities in the auroral zone ionosphere. The observations were performed at a frequency of 38.2 MHz with the multibeam phased array antenna of the imaging riometer located at Poker Flat, Alaska. For quiet ionospheric conditions and weak scintillations, the spatial spectrum and transverse motion velocities of the Fresnel inhomogeneities have been recovered. A theoretically based approach has been developed to estimate the time coherence interval of the radiation for the case of saturated scintillations and strong ionospheric turbulence. Examples of scintillation records are analyzed for the case of scattering from artificial ionospheric irregularities induced by high-power HF radiation from the high-power auroral simulation (HIPAS) ionospheric modification facility. The effect of aspect-sensitive scattering of the cosmic source radiation by artificial field-aligned small-scale irregularities has been predicted and detected. Prospects for routine observations of the effects of scintillations and aspect-sensitive scattering are discussed for special operation modes of the ionospheric modification facility. C1 [Bezrodny, V. G.; Charkina, O. V.; Galushko, V. G.; Kashcheyev, A. S.; Yampolski, Y. M.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Groves, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Murayama, Y.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Watkins, B. J.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Bezrodny, VG (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Radio Astron, 4 Chervonopraporna St, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM ualaska-watkins@usa.net FU INTAS [03-51-5583]; Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine FX The writers consider it as a pleasant duty to thank Jim Desrochers (Fairbanks, Alaska) and Y. Tanaka (ROIS, Japan) for providing some of the observational data. The work of the Ukrainian team was partially supported through the INTAS grant 03-51-5583 and Research Project "Cyclone'' (Project Agreement 1.17.22) financed by the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD DEC 19 PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 AR RS6007 DI 10.1029/2007RS003721 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 386MW UT WOS:000261888300001 ER PT J AU Kar, T Bettinger, HF Scheiner, S Roy, AK AF Kar, Tapas Bettinger, Holger F. Scheiner, Steve Roy, Ajit K. TI Noncovalent pi-pi Stacking and CH center dot center dot center dot pi Interactions of Aromatics on the Surface of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes: An MP2 Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SIDEWALL-FUNCTIONALIZATION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; CHEMISTRY; DISPERSION; MOLECULES; BENZENE; DENSITY; SYSTEMS; ONIOM; SIZE AB The magnitude and nature of interactions between small aromatic systems (benzene and naphthalene) and various single-wall carbon nanotubes are examined by MP2 theory. pi-pi stacking configurations are more strongly bound than CH center dot center dot center dot pi analogues. There is a small preference for placement of the aromatic directly above a C=C bond center in the nanotube. All of these complexes are dominated by dispersion forces. Mobility of adsorbed benzene on the tube surface is considered in terms of rotating, tilting, and sliding. As noted previously for covalent modification of nanotubes, the computationally efficient same level different basis set protocol is reliable for studying noncovalent interactions. Previously reported DFT (LDA or GGA) binding energies for pi-pi stacking arrangements are underestimated, whereas dispersion-corrected methods overestimate these binding energies. C1 [Kar, Tapas; Scheiner, Steve] Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bettinger, Holger F.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLBCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kar, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM tapas.kar@usu.edu FU Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FX This work was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. We thank the MSRC personnel for their support in using the ASC/HP computational resources. NR 37 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 18 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 50 BP 20070 EP 20075 DI 10.1021/jp807809u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 383CZ UT WOS:000261653000040 ER PT J AU Kudryavtsev, AA Popugaev, SD Demidov, VI Adams, SF Jiao, CQ AF Kudryavtsev, A. A. Popugaev, S. D. Demidov, V. I. Adams, S. F. Jiao, C. Q. TI Formative time of breakdown modeled for the ignition of air and n-butane mixtures using effective ionization coefficients SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE arcs (electric); ignition; plasma simulation AB It is shown that simulations of ignition by electric arc discharge in n-butane and air mixtures have interesting features, which deviate from results obtained by simple extension of calculations based on methanelike fuels. In particular, it is demonstrated that lowering the temperature of the n-butane-air mixture before ignition under certain conditions will actually decrease the ignition stage time as well as the required electric field. C1 [Kudryavtsev, A. A.; Popugaev, S. D.] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. [Demidov, V. I.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Adams, S. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jiao, C. Q.] ISSI Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Kudryavtsev, AA (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. EM steven.adams@wpafb.af.mil RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013; OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/0000-0002-2232-2954 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; V. I. D. was supported through the DEPSCoR program FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The work of V. I. D. was supported through the DEPSCoR program. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 24 AR 241501 DI 10.1063/1.3052882 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 386PZ UT WOS:000261896400016 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Farmer, BL AF Pandey, R. B. Farmer, B. L. TI Exfoliation of a Stack of Platelets and Intercalation of Polymer Chains: Effects of Molecular Weight, Entanglement, and Interaction with the Polymer Matrix SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bond fluctuating chains; bond-fluctuating sheet; clay platelet; coarse-grained model; exfoliation; Monte Carlo simulation ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; MODIFIED LAYERED SILICATES; MELT INTERCALATION; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; DISPERSION; SOLVENT; MODEL AB Exfoliation of a stack of sheets (a model for clay platelets) in a dynamic matrix of polymer chains is investigated by a computer simulation model. How the interplay between the thermodynamics (interaction-driven) and conformational (structural constraints) entropy affects the exfoliation of sheets is the subject of this study. A stack of four sheets with a small initial interlayer distance constitutes the layer on a discrete lattice. The layered platelets are immersed in a matrix represented by the mobile polymer chains which occupy a fraction (concentration) of the lattice sites. Both sheets and chains are modeled by the bond-fluctuation mechanism and execute their stochastic motion via Metropolis algorithm. An attractive and a repulsive interaction between the polymer matrix and platelets are considered. Exfoliation of the sheets is examined by varying the molecular weight of the polymer chains forming a dynamic network matrix with various degrees of entanglements. At low-molecular weight of the polymer, exfoliation is achieved with repulsive interaction and the exfoliation is suppressed with attractive matrix as sheets stick together via polymer mediated interaction introduced by intercalated polymer chains. Increasing the molecular weight of the polymer matrix suppresses the exfoliation of sheets primarily due to enhanced entanglement-at high-molecular weight (with the radius of gyration of polymer chains larger than the characteristic linear dimension of the platelets), the stacked (layered) morphology is arrested via entropic trapping and exfoliation ceases to occur. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2696-2710, 2008 C1 [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, B. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX Support from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 24 BP 2696 EP 2710 DI 10.1002/polb.21595 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 383WQ UT WOS:000261705400007 ER PT J AU Quast, JP Boehlert, CJ Gardner, R Tuegel, E Wyen, T AF Quast, J. P. Boehlert, C. J. Gardner, R. Tuegel, E. Wyen, T. TI A microstructure and sonic fatigue investigation of Ti-TiB functionally graded materials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Microstructure; Titanium; Boron; Fatigue; Functionally graded material ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TITANIUM MATRIX; MATERIAL SYSTEM; EVOLUTION; ALLOY AB The microstructure and high-cycle sonic fatigue behavior of 3- and 25-mm-thick titanium-titanium boride (Ti-TiB) functionally graded plates were evaluated. The TiB content had a significant effect on the microstructure. A needle-like TiB phase existed at low TiB phase volume percentages (< 33.8%), while higher volume percentages resulted in TiB-phase clustering. For larger layer thicknesses, the transition or interface region between the layers was more evident. Fracture surface images of the fatigue specimens indicated that high TiB content regions exhibited brittle fracture characteristics while the Ti-rich layers exhibited ductile failure characteristics. A Ti-85%TiB alloy was also investigated and this material exhibited TiB clustering and sporadic fatigue lives as well as brittle fracture characteristics. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Quast, J. P.; Boehlert, C. J.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gardner, R.] Miami Univ, Miamisburg, OH USA. [Tuegel, E.; Wyen, T.] Air Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Quast, JP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jquast@msu.edu FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/VA) FX This work was partially supported the Chief Scientist Innovative Research Fund of the Air Vehicles Directorate, United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/VA). The authors are grateful to Dr. Larry Byrd of AFRL for his technical guidance and assistance. This manuscript was cleared for public release on February 4, 2008 under document number WPAFB 08-0249. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 497 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2008.07.045 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 388QC UT WOS:000262033300001 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Braun, JC AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Braun, J. C. TI Effects of steam environment on creep behavior of Nextel (TM) 720/alumina ceramic composite at elevated temperature SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Oxides; Creep; High-temperature properties; Fractography ID OXIDE FIBER COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRACK-GROWTH; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; STRESS-CORROSION; STATIC FATIGUE; FRACTURE; GLASS AB The tensile creep behavior of an oxide-oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite (CFCC) was investigated at 1000 and 1100 degrees C in laboratory air and in steam. The composite consists of a porous alumina matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers, has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. The tensile stress-strain behavior was investigated and the tensile properties measured. The influence of the loading rate on tensile stress-strain response and on tensile properties at 1100 and 1200 degrees C in steam was also explored. A change in loading rate by four orders or magnitude had a profound effect on tensile strength. Tensile creep behavior was examined for creep stresses in the 80-150 MPa range. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in creep tests at all temperatures investigated. Creep rates increased with increasing temperature and creep stress. The presence of steam accelerated creep rates and dramatically reduced creep life. The detrimental effects of steam become progressively more pronounced with increasing temperature. At 1000 degrees C, creep run-out defined as 100 h at creep stress was achieved in all tests. At 1100 degrees C, creep run-out was achieved in all tests in air and only in the 100 MPa test in steam. The residual strength and modulus of all specimens that achieved run-out were Characterized. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Braun, J. C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The financial support of Dr. R. Sikorski and Dr. J. Zelina, Propulsion Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory is highly appreciated. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 497 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2008.06.036 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 388QC UT WOS:000262033300015 ER PT J AU Hsu, PS Roy, S Gord, JR AF Hsu, Paul S. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Development of a nearly transform-limited, low-repetition-rate, picosecond optical parametric generator SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; PULSES; AMPLIFIER; DIODE AB A low-repetition-rate (10-Hz), picosecond (ps) optical parametric generator (OPG) seeded at the idler wavelength with a high-power diode laser is demonstrated. The output of the OPG at similar to 566 nm is amplified in dye cells, resulting in signal enhancement by more than three orders of magnitude. The nearly transform-limited beam at similar to 566 nm has a pulsewidth of similar to 170 ps, with an overall output of similar to 2.3 mJ/ pulse. The laser is tuned either by tuning the nonlinear crystal or the seed-laser current. The applications of such a simple, compact, high-performance, tunable ps laser system for linear and nonlinear spectroscopies are outlined. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hsu, Paul S.; Roy, Sukesh; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU Sandia National Laboratories; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-C-0036]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Propulsion Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base [F33615-03-D-2329] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge fruitful discussions with Dr. A.K. Patnaik of Wright State University and ISSI and Dr. T.B. Settersten of Sandia National Laboratories. Funding, for this research was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. FA9550-07-C-0036 (Dr. Julian Tishkoff, Program Manager) and by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base under Contract No. F33615-03-D-2329. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 281 IS 24 BP 6068 EP 6071 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2008.09.039 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 381PH UT WOS:000261547900022 ER PT J AU Ahamed, M Karns, M Goodson, M Rowe, J Hussain, SM Schlager, JJ Hong, YL AF Ahamed, Maqusood Karns, Michael Goodson, Michael Rowe, John Hussain, Saber M. Schlager, John J. Hong, Yiling TI DNA damage response to different surface chemistry of silver nanoparticles in mammalian cells SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Genotoxicity; DNA damage; Apoptosis; Mammalian cells ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; IN-VITRO; MOUSE; APOPTOSIS; TOXICITY; PATHWAYS; REPAIR AB Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have recently received much attention for their possible applications in biotechnology and life sciences. Ag NPs are of interest to defense and engineering programs for new material applications as well as for commercial purposes as an antimicrobial. However, little is known about the genotoxicity of Ag NPs following exposure to mammalian cells. This study was undertaken to examine the DNA damage response to polysaccharide surface functionalized (coated) and non-functionalized (uncoated) Au NPs in two types of mammalian cells; mouse embryonic stein (mES) cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). Both types of Ag NPs up-regulated the cell cycle checkpoint protein p53 and DNA damage repair proteins Rad51 and phosphorylated-H2AX expression. Furthermore both of them induced cell death as measured by the annexin V protein expression and MTT assay. Our observations also suggested that the different surface chemistry of Ag NPs induce different DNA damage response: coated Ag NPs exhibited more severe damage than uncoated Ag NPs. The results suggest that polysaccharide coated particles are more individually distributed while agglomeration of the uncoated particles limits the surface area availability and access to membrane bound organelles. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ahamed, Maqusood; Karns, Michael; Goodson, Michael; Rowe, John; Hong, Yiling] Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Ctr Tissue Regenerat & Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Schlager, John J.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hong, YL (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Biol, Ctr Tissue Regenerat & Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Yiling.Hong@notes.udayton.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biosciences and Protection Division; Applied Biotechnology (USAFRL/HEPB); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN; University of Dayton, OH, USA; National Science Foundation [CBET-0833953] FX M.A. and M.G. were funded by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biosciences and Protection Division, Applied Biotechnology (USAFRL/HEPB) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN and University of Dayton, OH, USA. The project was also funded by National Science Foundation grant CBET-0833953 to J.R. The research described here was performed in University of Dayton/AFRL shared laboratory located at the university as a result of a CRADA agreement. NR 34 TC 296 Z9 314 U1 15 U2 89 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 233 IS 3 BP 404 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2008.09.015 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 383ZZ UT WOS:000261714400006 PM 18930072 ER PT J AU Owens, MJ Arge, CN Crooker, NU Schwadron, NA Horbury, TS AF Owens, M. J. Arge, C. N. Crooker, N. U. Schwadron, N. A. Horbury, T. S. TI Estimating total heliospheric magnetic flux from single-point in situ measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR CORONA; FIELD EXPERIMENT; INTERPLANETARY; ULYSSES; CYCLE; WIND; MAGNETOMETER; SUN AB A fraction of the total photospheric magnetic flux opens to the heliosphere to form the interplanetary magnetic field carried by the solar wind. While this open flux is critical to our understanding of the generation and evolution of the solar magnetic field, direct measurements are generally limited to single-point measurements taken in situ by heliospheric spacecraft. An observed latitude invariance in the radial component of the magnetic field suggests that extrapolation from such single-point measurements to total heliospheric magnetic flux is possible. In this study we test this assumption using estimates of total heliospheric flux from well-separated heliospheric spacecraft and conclude that single-point measurements are indeed adequate proxies for the total heliospheric magnetic flux, though care must be taken when comparing flux estimates from data collected at different heliocentric distances. C1 [Owens, M. J.; Crooker, N. U.; Schwadron, N. A.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Arge, C. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Owens, M. J.; Horbury, T. S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. RP Owens, MJ (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. EM m.owens@imperial.ac.uk RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010 OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-012950]; CISM; STFC (UK); NASA [NNG06GC18G] FX Amitava Bhattacharjee thanks Susan T. Lepri and Leif Svalgaard for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 11 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A12 AR A12103 DI 10.1029/2008JA013677 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 383QO UT WOS:000261688600008 ER PT J AU Lamonte, K Gualdron, DAG Cabrales-Navarro, FA Scanlon, LG Sandi, G Feld, W Balbuena, PB AF Lamonte, Kevin Gualdron, Diego A. Gomez Cabrales-Navarro, Fredy A. Scanlon, Lawrence G. Sandi, Giselle Feld, William Balbuena, Perla B. TI Molecular Dynamics Simulations of H-2 Adsorption in Tetramethyl Ammonium Lithium Phthalocyanine Crystalline Structures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY; CORANNULENE; HYDROGEN; FUNCTIONALS; BINDING AB Tetramethyl ammonium lithium phthalocyanine is explored as a potential material for storage of molecular hydrogen. Density functional theory calculations are used to investigate the molecular structure and the dimer conformation. Additional scans performed to determine the interactions of a H-2 molecule located at various distances from the molecular sites are used to generate a simple force field including dipole-induced-dipole interactions. This force field is employed in molecular dynamics simulations to calculate adsorption isotherms at various pressures. The regions of strongest adsorption are quantified as functions of temperature, pressure, and separation between molecules in the adsorbent phase, and compared to the regions of strongest binding energy as given by the proposed force field. It is found that the total adsorption could not be predicted only from the spatial distribution of the strongest binding energies; the available volume is the other contributing factor even if the volume includes regions of much lower binding energy. The results suggest that the complex anion is primarily involved in the adsorption process with molecular hydrogen, whereas the cation serves to provide access for hydrogen adsorption in both sides of the anion molecular plane, and spacing between the planes. C1 [Lamonte, Kevin; Gualdron, Diego A. Gomez; Cabrales-Navarro, Fredy A.; Balbuena, Perla B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Scanlon, Lawrence G.] USAF, Res Lab, Energy Storage & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sandi, Giselle] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Feld, William] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Balbuena, PB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM balbuena@tamu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is supported by funds from the Air Force Research Laboratory. Supercomputer time provided by the TAMU supercomputer center and by the DoD Major Shared Resource Centers (ARL MSRC and ASC MSRC) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 11 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 49 BP 15775 EP 15782 DI 10.1021/jp8050998 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 379WI UT WOS:000261426500030 PM 19367822 ER PT J AU Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC McHarg, MG AF Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. McHarg, M. G. TI High time-resolution sprite imaging: observations and implications SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RED SPRITES; STREAMER PROPAGATION; ELECTRIC-FIELD; EMISSIONS; NITROGEN; IDENTIFICATION; THUNDERCLOUD; IONOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; PHOTOMETRY AB Sprites are large scale manifestations of electrical streamers triggered in the upper atmosphere by lightning in an underlying thunderstorm. Imaging of sprites at 10 000 frames per second has provided new insights into their spatial and temporal development. In this paper we discuss the experimental protocols that have been developed for performing high-speed observations of sprites and some new observations that have been obtained of relevance to laboratory experiments. Downward tendrils and upward branches, so characteristic in video recordings, are shown to be formed by very fast streamer heads with velocities up to half the speed of light. The streamer heads are spatially small, similar to 100 m or less, but very bright with emission rates up to similar to 10(24) photons s(-1). The sprite onset begins with a downward streamer. Then, in some sprites, at a little later time and from a lower altitude upward moving streamer heads may also appear. If there are no upward streamers the sprite would be classified as a 'C-sprite'; with both downward and upward streamers it would be a 'carrot sprite'. The optical emissions are primarily from the neutral molecular nitrogen first positive bands emitting in the near-infrared, but there are also blue emissions assumed to be from second positive bands of molecular nitrogen and from first negative bands of nitrogen ions. The streamer heads are observed at times to split into several streamer heads. This process appears to be more frequent in the core of larger sprites. C1 [Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McHarg, M. G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM hnielsen@gi.alaska.edu; matthew.mcharg@usafa.edu FU NSF; US Air Force Academy FX The authors acknowledge insightful discussions with many colleagues in the field notably, D Sentman, J Morrill, V Pasko, N Liu and S Cummer. Colourization of the 1000 fps sprite images was done by D Sentman. We also thank U Ebert and D Sentman for organizing the conference and to the Lorentz Institute for their support. The research was in part supported by NSF grants to the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the US Air Force Academy. NR 56 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 23 AR 234009 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/41/23/234009 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 374OB UT WOS:000261052500015 ER PT J AU Campbell, AL Biggers, RR Subramanyam, G Kozlowski, G Kleismit, RA Zate, HN Hopkins, SC Glowacki, BA Riehl, BD Peterson, TL AF Campbell, Angela L. Biggers, Rand R. Subramanyam, Guru Kozlowski, Gregory Kleismit, Richard A. Zate, Hollie N. Hopkins, Simon C. Glowacki, Bartek A. Riehl, Bonnie D. Peterson, Timothy L. TI Microwave characterization of nanostructured ferroelectric Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; STRONTIUM-TITANATE FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; STRAIN; PRESSURE; PERMITTIVITY; SHIFTERS; (001)MGO; DIAGRAMS AB A series of nanostructured ferroelectric thin films of barium strontium titanate were fabricated using a pulsed laser deposition system with real-time in situ process control. Pulsed laser deposition parameters were controlled during the growth of nanostructured thin films for use in the development of high frequency tunable microwave devices. The thin films were all grown at the same substrate temperature and laser beam energy density, but the chamber oxygen partial pressure (COPP) was varied systematically from 19 mTorr through 1000 Torr. Structural and electromagnetic characterization was performed using atomic force microscopy and evanescent microwave microscopy, respectively. Atomic force microscopy showed a linear increase in grain size with increases in the ambient oxygen pressure from 38 to 150 mTorr and from 300 mTorr to 1000 Torr. The correlation of the microwave properties with the epitaxial film microstructure can be attributed to stresses and polarizability in the film. Microwave characterization showed that a COPP of 75 mTorr yielded the most desirable film in terms of tunability and loss tangent over a wide frequency range. C1 [Campbell, Angela L.; Biggers, Rand R.; Zate, Hollie N.; Peterson, Timothy L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Subramanyam, Guru; Riehl, Bonnie D.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Kozlowski, Gregory; Kleismit, Richard A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Kozlowski, Gregory; Hopkins, Simon C.; Glowacki, Bartek A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Campbell, AL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Hopkins, Simon/A-6826-2008; Glowacki, Bartek/F-5113-2010 OI Hopkins, Simon/0000-0002-0245-8627; NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD DEC 3 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 48 AR 485704 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/48/485704 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 371VH UT WOS:000260859400021 PM 21836311 ER PT J AU Na, JK Blackshire, JL Kuhr, S AF Na, Jeong K. Blackshire, James L. Kuhr, Samuel TI Design, fabrication, and characterization of single-element interdigital transducers for NDT applications SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE Interdigital transducer; Laser interferometer; Rayleigh waves; Narrow bandwidth; Gaussian beam profile ID WAVES AB Single-element interdigital transducers (IDTs) are designed, fabricated, and characterized as a complimentary sensor approach for traditional ultrasonic transducers used in nondestructive testing (NDT). The frequency of interest is in the lower megahertz range, 2-10 MHz. In this paper, a simple five-finger paired IDT is described, where laser micro-machining techniques were used to shape the electrode patterns for an IDT resonance frequency of similar to 3 MHz. Detailed characterization of the Rayleigh surface waves generated by the IDT is performed using a scanning laser interferometry system. Wave properties such as beam profile, beam divergence, energy decay, frequency response, and phase dependence are reported. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Na, Jeong K.; Kuhr, Samuel] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Blackshire, James L.] USAF, Res Lab, RXLP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Na, JK (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jeong-kwan.na@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Nondestructive Evaluation Branch (AFRL/RXLP); United States Air Force [F33615-03-C5220] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Nondestructive Evaluation Branch (AFRL/RXLP), through the United States Air Force Contract F33615-03-C5220. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD DEC 3 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 2 BP 359 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2008.08.018 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 385LZ UT WOS:000261817000002 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. TI A Hero SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Emergency Med, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Emergency Med, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1327 EP 1327 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00078.x PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 379KI UT WOS:000261394700024 ER PT J AU Ragel, BT McCafferty, RR AF Ragel, Brian T. McCafferty, Randall R. TI Indirect gunshot wound to the head SO ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA LA English DT Article DE Neurosurgery; Military; Gunshot wound AB An Afghani man presented to a U.S. military facility in Afghanistan with a 3-month history of clear fluid from his left naris and frequent sinusitis. Eleven years earlier, he had been struck in the forehead by an object falling from the sky. Neurologic examination revealed decreased sensation in V1 and V2 on the left side. Imaging revealed a large bullet lodged in the left maxillary sinus. The bullet was removed via sublabial incision and opening of the anterior bony wall of the maxillary sinus. In Afghanistan, indirect gunshot wounds to the head are not uncommon because of the constant war conditions since the invasion by the former Soviet Union in 1979 and the tradition of firing rounds into the air during cultural celebrations. C1 [Ragel, Brian T.] Travis AFB, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Fairfield, CA 94535 USA. [McCafferty, Randall R.] Lackland AFB, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Ragel, BT (reprint author), Travis AFB, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 101 Bodin Circle,Travis AFB, Fairfield, CA 94535 USA. EM brian.ragel@gmail.com NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0001-6268 J9 ACTA NEUROCHIR JI Acta Neurochir. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 150 IS 12 BP 1311 EP 1312 DI 10.1007/s00701-008-0148-6 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 382FF UT WOS:000261590000016 PM 19015810 ER PT J AU Orlov, DM Font, GI Edelstein, D AF Orlov, Dmitri M. Font, Gabriel I. Edelstein, Daniel TI Characterization of Discharge Modes of Plasma Actuators SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 07-10, 2008 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; 2-DIMENSIONAL FLUID MODEL; FLOW-CONTROL; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES AB Atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharges for aerodynamic flow control are investigated. The properties of the plasma discharge during positive and negative half-cycles of the driving voltage are studied experimentally and numerically. The simulations are performed in nitrogen. It is shown that during the positive half-cycle the plasma operates in the streamer mode, whereas the negative half-cycle is characterized by a glow-type discharge. The computational results are compared with experimental optical measurements and found to be in good agreement. C1 [Orlov, Dmitri M.; Font, Gabriel I.; Edelstein, Daniel] US AF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Orlov, DM (reprint author), US AF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RI Orlov, Dmitriy/D-2406-2016 OI Orlov, Dmitriy/0000-0002-2230-457X NR 39 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 46 IS 12 BP 3142 EP 3148 DI 10.2514/1.37514 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 381IA UT WOS:000261528000014 ER PT J AU Wittwer-Backofen, U Buckberry, J Czarnetzki, A Doppler, S Grupe, G Hotz, G Kemkes, A Larsen, CS Prince, D Wahl, J Fabig, A Weise, S AF Wittwer-Backofen, Ursula Buckberry, Jo Czarnetzki, Alfred Doppler, Stefanie Grupe, Gisela Hotz, Gerhard Kemkes, Ariane Larsen, Clark Spencer Prince, Debbie Wahl, Joachim Fabig, Alexander Weise, Svenja TI Basics in Paleodemography: A Comparison of Age Indicators Applied to the Early Medieval Skeletal Sample of Lauchheim SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE paleodemography; age estimation; biomarker of the skeleton; osteology; dental anthropology ID CEMENTUM ANNULATION; REVISED METHOD; INCREMENTAL LINES; AURICULAR SURFACE; HOMO-SAPIENS; PHASE METHOD; STERNAL RIB; DEATH; ACCURACY; SUTURES AB Recent advances in the methods of skeletal age estimation have rekindled interest in their applicability to paleodemography. The current study contributes to the discussion by applying several long established as well as recently developed or refined aging methods to a subsample of 121 adult skeletons from the early medieval cemetery of Lauchheim. The skeletal remains were analyzed by 13 independent observers using a variety of aging techniques (complex method and other multimethod approaches, Transition Analysis, cranial suture closure, auricular surface method, osteon density method, tooth root translucency measurement, and tooth cementum annulation counting). The age ranges and mean age estimations were compared and results indicate that all methods showed smaller age ranges for the younger individuals, but broader age ranges for the older age groups. Am J Phys Anthropol 137:384-396, 2008. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Wittwer-Backofen, Ursula] Univ Freiburg, Inst Human Genet & Anthropol, Dept Human Genet & Anthropol, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Buckberry, Jo] Univ Bradford, Div Archaeol Geog & Environm Sci, Biol Anthropol Res Ctr, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. [Doppler, Stefanie; Grupe, Gisela] Univ Munich, Dept Biol 1, Bioctr, Munich, Germany. [Grupe, Gisela] Bavarian State Collect Anthropol & Palaeoanat, Munich, Germany. [Hotz, Gerhard] Nat Hist Museum, Basel, Switzerland. [Kemkes, Ariane] Tholius Inst, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Larsen, Clark Spencer] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Prince, Debbie] JPAC Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam Afb, HI USA. [Wahl, Joachim] Off Konstanz, State Off Preservat Ancient Monuments, Reg Board Stuttgart, Constance, Germany. [Fabig, Alexander; Weise, Svenja] Max Planck Inst Demog Res, Rostock, Germany. RP Wittwer-Backofen, U (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Inst Human Genet & Anthropol, Dept Human Genet & Anthropol, Albertstr 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM ursula.wittwer-backofen@uniklinik-freiburg.de FU Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany FX Grant sponsor: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany. NR 53 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 137 IS 4 BP 384 EP 396 DI 10.1002/ajpa.20881 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 375OS UT WOS:000261123800002 PM 18615503 ER PT J AU Schnabel, D Bulimo, W Garner, J Achilla, R Headley, V Martin, S AF Schnabel, David Bulimo, Wallace Garner, Jason Achilla, Rachel Headley, Virginia Martin, Sam TI A REPORT OF THE FIRST TWO AND A HALF YEARS OF A COMPREHENSIVE INFLUENZA SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM IN KENYA AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR VACCINE STRAIN SELECTION IN THE EAST AFRICA REGION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 07-11, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Schnabel, David; Martin, Sam] USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. [Bulimo, Wallace; Achilla, Rachel] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Garner, Jason; Headley, Virginia] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 6 MA 799 BP 236 EP 236 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 382ZT UT WOS:000261644601164 ER PT J AU La Shell, MS Tankersley, MS AF La Shell, Mark S. Tankersley, Michael S. TI Antibiotics for the allergist: part 1 SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ACUTE MAXILLARY SINUSITIS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; HIGH-DOSE AMOXICILLIN; CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CHILDREN; MANAGEMENT AB Objective: To review antibiotic use and selection for disorders commonly seen in allergy practice. Data Sources: MEDLINE searches were performed cross-referencing the keywords antibiotic, antimicrobial, management, and treatment with multiple disorders commonly seen in allergy practice. References of the chosen articles were also examined. Study Selection: Articles were selected based on their relevance to the subject matter. Results: A large body of research is available that is relevant to both conventional and novel uses of antibiotics. The use of antibiotics is in question for some disorders, whereas novel approaches to therapy with macrolide antibiotics are areas of active investigation. Meanwhile, patterns of microbial resistance continue to evolve. Conclusion: For decades, antibiotics have been traditional first-line treatments for many disorders. Recently, this paradigm appears to be shifting as periods of observation come into favor and nonbacterial causes of inflammation are under greater scrutiny. Nonetheless, appropriate antibiotic selection often remains a key element in the treatment of these disorders. Knowledge of the relevant microbiology is an inherent requirement in selecting antibiotic therapies and necessitates awareness of current trends in bacterial resistance. C1 [La Shell, Mark S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP La Shell, MS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM mark.lashell@lackland.af.mil NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 559 EP 567 PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 383CJ UT WOS:000261651400001 PM 19119699 ER PT J AU Galbreath, AD Smith, B Wood, PR Inscore, S Forkner, E Vazquez, M Fallot, A Ellis, R Peters, JI AF Galbreath, Autumn Dawn Smith, Brad Wood, Pamela R. Inscore, Stephen Forkner, Emma Vazquez, Marilu Fallot, Andre Ellis, Robert Peters, Jay I. TI Assessing the value of disease management: impact of 2 disease management strategies in an underserved asthma population SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society CY MAY 18-23, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Thorac Soc ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SYMPTOM SCALE; CHILDREN; PROGRAM; OUTCOMES; MEDICAID; INVESTMENT; TRIAL AB Background: The goal of disease management (DM) is to improve health outcomes and reduce cost through decreasing health care utilization. Although some studies have shown that DM improves asthma outcomes, these interventions have not been examined in a large randomized controlled trial. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 2 previously successful DM programs with that of traditional care. Methods: Nine hundred two individuals with asthma (429 adults: 473 children) were randomly assigned to telephonic DM, augmented DM (ADM; DM plus in-home visits by a respiratory therapist), or traditional care. Data were collected at enrollment and at 6 and 12 months. Primary outcomes were time to first asthma-related event, quality of life (QOL), and rates of asthma-related health care utilization. Secondary outcomes included rate of controller medication initiation, number of oral corticosteroid bursts, asthma symptom scores, and number of school days missed. Results: There were no significant differences between groups in time to first asthma-related event or health care utilization. Adult participants in the ADM group had greater improvement in QOL (P =.04) and a decrease in asthma symptorns (P =.001) compared with other groups. Of children not receiving controller medications at enrollment (13%), those in the intervention groups were more likely to have controller medications initiated than the control group (P =.01). Otherwise, there were no differences in outcomes. Conclusions: Overall, participation in asthma DM did not result in significant differences in utilization or clinical outcomes. The only significant impact was a higher rate of controller medication initiation in children and improvement in asthma symptoms and QOL in adults who received ADM. C1 [Wood, Pamela R.; Inscore, Stephen] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Galbreath, Autumn Dawn; Vazquez, Marilu; Peters, Jay I.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Smith, Brad; Forkner, Emma] Altarum Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Fallot, Andre; Ellis, Robert] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Wood, PR (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pediat, MS7808,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM woodp@uthscsa.edu FU NCEH CDC HHS [EH000095] NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 599 EP 607 PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 383CJ UT WOS:000261651400005 PM 19119703 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Liang, SX AF Fadare, Oluwole Liang, Sharon X. TI Epithelioid smooth muscle tumors of the uterus do not express CD 1a: a potential immunohistochemical adjunct in their distinction from uterine perivascular epithelioid cell tumors SO ANNALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD1a; HMB-45; Epithelioid leiomyoma; Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma; Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors; PEComa ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; PECOMA; LEIOMYOSARCOMA; PATIENT; SUGAR; LYMPHANGIOLEIOMYOMATOSIS; ANGIOMYOLIPOMA; PREDILECTION AB Uterine epithelioid smooth muscle tumors and uterine perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are known to display such a substantial overlap in morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics that the existence of the latter as a distinct clinicopathologic entity at this location has been called into question. Recent research Suggests that the constituent entities of the PEComa family at all anatomical locations, including lymphangioleiomyomatosis of the uterus, uniformly display immunoreactivity for CD1a. The purpose of this study is to determine the proportion of uterine epithelioid smooth muscle tumors that may similarly be CD1a-positive. Representative sections from 18 archived epithelioid smooth muscle tumors of the uterine corpus (6 epithelioid leiomyosarcomas and 12 epithelioid leiomyomas), diagnosed and classified as such based on World Health Organization criteria, were subjected to immunohistochemical stains for CD I a and HMB-45. The epithelioid component of the tissue sections evaluated ranged from 10% to 100% (mean, 70%). Two cases were composed predominantly of cells with overtly clear cytoplasm. All cases were entirely negative for CD1a. Of 18 cases, 1 (5.5%) (an epithelioid leiomyosarcoma) displayed immunoreactivity for HMB-45 in scattered lesional cells that constituted approximately 5% of the overall tumoral volume for the case. All others were HMB-45-negative. Given their rarity, future studies are required to confirm that all PEComas of the uterus are indeed uniformly positive for CD1a. However, if the latter staining pattern is confirmed, our findings herein Suggest that CD1a may be a useful immunohistochemical adjunct in distinguishing uterine epithelioid smooth muscle tumors from uterine PECornas. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Liang, Sharon X.] Stony Brook Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 59 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1092-9134 EI 1532-8198 J9 ANN DIAGN PATHOL JI Ann. Diagn. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 12 IS 6 BP 401 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2008.04.009 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 376OT UT WOS:000261193600003 PM 18995203 ER PT J AU Biffinger, JC Pietron, J Bretschger, O Nadeau, LJ Johnson, GR Williams, CC Nealson, KH Ringeisen, BR AF Biffinger, Justin C. Pietron, Jeremy Bretschger, Orianna Nadeau, Lloyd J. Johnson, Glenn R. Williams, Cynthia C. Nealson, Kenneth H. Ringeisen, Bradley R. TI The influence of acidity on microbial fuel cells containing Shewanella oneidensis SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Microbial fuel cells (MFCs); Acidity; Shewanella oneidensis; Mediated electron transfer ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; OXYGEN REDUCTION; IRON REDUCTION; MR-1; PH; MEMBRANE; CHAMBER; PUTREFACIENS AB Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) traditionally operate at pH values between 6 and 8. However, the effect of pH on the growth and electron transfer abilities of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (wild-type) and DSP10 (spontaneous mutant), bacteria commonly used in MFCs, to electrodes has not been examined. Miniature MFCs using bare graphite felt electrodes and nanoporous polycarbonate membranes with MR-1 or DSP10 cultures generated >8 W/m(3) and similar to 400 mu A between pH 6-7. The DSP10 strain significantly outperformed MR-1 at neutral pH but underperformed at pH 5. Higher concentrations of DSP10 were sustained at pH 7 relative to that of MR-1, whereas at pH 5 this trend was reversed indicating that cell count was not solely responsible for the observed differences in current. S. oneidensis MR-1 was determined to be more suitable than DSP10 for MFCs with elevated acidity levels. The concentration of riboflavin in the bacterial cultures was reduced significantly at pH 5 for DSP10, as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the filter sterilized growth media. In addition, these results suggest that mediator biosynthesis and not solely bacterial concentration plays a significant role in current output from S. oneidensis containing MFCs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Biffinger, Justin C.; Pietron, Jeremy; Williams, Cynthia C.; Ringeisen, Bradley R.] USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Bretschger, Orianna; Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Nadeau, Lloyd J.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Bretschger, Orianna] Univ So Calif, Mork Family Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Ringeisen, BR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Chem, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Bradley.ringeisen@nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research [62123N]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0292]; US Air Force Research Laboratory; Materials Science Directorate (AFRL-RX); National Research Council FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research (NRL 6.2 Program Element Number 62123N), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI program, Award No. FA9550-06-1-0292) and the AFRL research was funded by the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials Science Directorate (AFRL-RX). JCB thanks the National Research Council for his postdoctoral research associateship. NR 38 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 900 EP 905 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2008.07.034 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 377PB UT WOS:000261262000062 PM 18774288 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Szymczak, NR AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Szymczak, N. R. TI Effects of steam environment on compressive creep behavior of Nextel (TM) 720/Alumina ceramic composite at 1200 degrees C SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Creep; Environmental degradation; Mechanical testing ID TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; MONOTONIC TENSILE BEHAVIOR; MATRIX COMPOSITES; LOADING RATE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; CRACK GROWTH; FAILURE; STRENGTH AB The compressive creep behavior of all oxide-oxide ceramic-matrix composite (CMC) was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air and in steam. The composite consists of a Porous alumina matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers, has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies oil the porous-matrix for flaw tolerance. The compressive stress-strain behavior was investigated and the compressive properties measured. The influence of the loading rate oil compressive stress-strain response and on compressive properties was also explored. A change in loading rate by four orders or magnitude had a profound effect on compressive properties in air and especially in steam. Compressive creep behavior was examined for creep stresses ill the -40 to -100 MPa range. Minimum creep rate was reached in all tests. In air, compressive creep strain magnitudes remained <0.4% and compressive creep strain rates approached -3.5 x 10(-7) s(-1). Creep run-out defined as 100 It at creep stress was achieved in all tests conducted in air. The presence of steam accelerated creep rates and significantly reduced creep lifetimes. In steam, compressive creep strains approached 1.6%, and compressive creep strain rates, -1.9 x 10(-2) s(-1) . In steam, maximum time to rupture was only 3.9 h. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Szymczak, N. R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 FU Propulsion Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory FX The financial Support of Dr. R. Sikorski and Dr. J. Zelina, Propulsion Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory is highly appreciated. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 39 IS 12 BP 1829 EP 1837 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.09.005 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 386GD UT WOS:000261869400007 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Chasiotis, I Chen, C Roy, A AF Chen, Qi Chasiotis, Ioannis Chen, Chenggang Roy, Ajit TI Nanoscale and effective mechanical behavior and fracture of silica nanocomposites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Fracture; Deformation; Atomic force microscopy (AFM) ID CRACK DEFLECTION PROCESSES; BEAD FILLED EPOXIES; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; PARTICLE-SIZE; MICROMECHANICAL DEFORMATIONS; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; SPHERICAL SILICA; NANO PARTICLES AB An experimental investigation of the composite and local mechanical and fracture behavior of an EPON based epoxy with 12 nm (primary) and 100 nm (secondary) fumed silica particles was carried out. The secondary particles promoted matrix stiffening at small weight fractions, which decreased at larger weight fractions and converged to that of the primary nanoparticles. The elastic modulus of the composites with 12-nm silica particles increased by as much as 30% for 15 wt.% silica loading. Atomic Force Microscopy coupled with Digital Image correlation (AFM/DIC) full-field strain measurements showed matrix strain localization in the vicinity of 100-nm fillers, which controlled the overall composite stiffness. In composites with 5 wt.% secondary particles, neighboring particles located at small proximities to each other behaved as single large particles or resulted in local matrix strain shielding. The tensile strength of all composites was independent of particle size and weight fraction, which was attributed to strong particle bonding and failure initiation in the matrix. The critical mode I stress intensity factor of 12-nm silica composites increased with silica weight fraction, by as much as 35% for 15 wt.% silica. SEM fractographs showed enhanced matrix yielding for 15 wt.% silica compared to-significant roughening of the fracture plane and void formation at smaller weight fractions. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Qi; Chasiotis, Ioannis] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Chen, Chenggang] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Roy, Ajit] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Chasiotis, I (reprint author), Univ Illinois, 306 Talbot Lab,104 S Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM chasioti@uiuc.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-06-1-0140]; DURIP [FA9550-06-1-0428] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through Grants FA9550-06-1-0140 and DURIP FA9550-06-1-0428 with Dr. B.L. Lee as the program manager. NR 40 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 68 IS 15-16 BP 3137 EP 3144 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.07.013 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 383JR UT WOS:000261670400011 ER PT J AU Morscher, GN Ojard, G Miller, R Gowayed, Y Santhosh, U Ahmad, J John, R AF Morscher, Gregory N. Ojard, Greg Miller, Robert Gowayed, Yasser Santhosh, Unni Ahmad, Jalees John, Reji TI Tensile creep and fatigue of Sylramic-iBN melt-infiltrated SiC matrix composites: Retained properties, damage development, and failure mechanisms SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceramic matrix composites; Creep; Fatigue; Matrix cracking; Acoustic emission ID SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; STRESS; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR AB An understanding of the elevated temperature tensile creep, fatigue, rupture, and retained properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) envisioned for use in gas turbine engine applications is essential for component design and life-prediction. In order to quantify the effect of stress, time, temperature, and oxidation for a state-of-the-art composite system, a wide variety of tensile creep, dwell fatigue, and cyclic fatigue experiments were performed in air at 1204 degrees C for the SiC/SiC CIVIC system consisting of Sylramic-iBN SiC fibers, BN fiber interphase coating, and slurry-cast melt-infiltrated (MI) SiC-based matrix. Tests were either taken to failure or interrupted. Interrupted tests were then mechanically tested at room temperature to determine the residual properties. The retained properties of most of the composites subjected to tensile creep or fatigue were usually within 20% of the as-produced strength and 10% of the as-produced elastic modulus. It was observed that during creep, residual stresses in the composite are altered to some extent which results in an increased compressive stress in the matrix upon cooling and a subsequent increased stress required to form matrix cracks. Microscopy of polished sections and the fracture surfaces of specimens which failed during stressed-oxidation or after the room-temperature retained property test was performed on some of the specimens in order to quantify the nature and extent of damage accumulation that occurred during the test. It was discovered that the distribution of stress-dependent matrix cracking at 1204 degrees C was similar to the as-produced composites at room temperature; however, matrix crack growth occurred over time and typically did not appear to propagate through-the-thickness except at the final failure crack. Failure of the composites was due to either oxidation-induced unbridged crack growth, which dominated the higher stress regime (>= 179 MPa) or controlled by degradation of the fibers, probably caused by intrinsic creep-induced flaw growth of the fibers or internal attack of the fibers via Si diffusion through the CVI SiC and/or microcracks at the lower stress regime (<= 165 MPa). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Morscher, Gregory N.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [John, Reji] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ojard, Greg; Miller, Robert] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA. [Gowayed, Yasser] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Santhosh, Unni; Ahmad, Jalees] Res Applicat Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Morscher, GN (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, 21000 Brookpark Rd,MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM gmorscher@sbcglobal.net FU Materials & Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RXL); Wright-Patterson AFB [F33615-01-C-5234, F33615-03-D-2354-D004] FX The Materials & Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RXL), Wright-Patterson AFB sponsored this work under contracts F33615-01-C-5234 and F33615-03-D-2354-D004. NR 19 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 68 IS 15-16 BP 3305 EP 3313 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.08.028 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 383JR UT WOS:000261670400035 ER PT J AU Tschopp, MA Tucker, GJ McDowell, DL AF Tschopp, M. A. Tucker, G. J. McDowell, D. L. TI Atomistic simulations of tension-compression asymmetry in dislocation nucleation for copper grain boundaries SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dislocations; Grain boundaries; Dislocation nucleation; Molecular dynamics; Tension-compression asymmetry ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; STACKING-FAULT ENERGIES; E-STRUCTURAL-UNIT; NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS; FCC METALS; DEFORMATION-MECHANISM; BICRYSTAL INTERFACES; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; TWIN-BOUNDARY; PURE COPPER AB Atomistic simulations are used to investigate how grain boundary structure influences dislocation nucleation under uniaxial tension and compression for a specific class of symmetric tilt grain boundaries that contain the E structural unit. After obtaining the minimum energy grain boundary structure, molecular dynamics was employed based on an embedded-atom method potential for copper at 10 K. Results show several differences in dislocation nucleation with respect to uniaxial tension and compression. First, the average nucleation stress for all < 110 > symmetric tilt grain boundaries is over three times greater in compression than in tension for both the high strain rate and quasistatic simulations. Second, partial dislocations nucleate from the boundary on the {111} slip plane under uniaxial tension. However, partial and full dislocations nucleate from the boundary on the {100} and {111} slip planes under uniaxial compression. The full dislocation nucleation on the {100} plane for boundaries with misorientations near the coherent twin boundary is explained through the higher resolved shear stress on the {100} plane compared to the {111} plane. Last, individual dislocation nucleation mechanisms under uniaxial tension and compression are analyzed. For the vicinal twin boundary under tension, the grain boundary partial dislocation is emitted into the lattice on the same {111} plane that it dissociated onto. For compression of the vicinal twin, the 1/3 < 111 > disconnection is removed through full dislocation emission on the {100} plane and partial dislocation emission parallel to the coherent twin boundary plane, restoring the boundary to the coherent twin. For the Sigma 19 boundary, the nearly simultaneous emission of numerous partial dislocations from the boundary result in the formation of the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phase. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McDowell, D. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Tschopp, M. A.; Tucker, G. J.; McDowell, D. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Tschopp, M. A.] USAF, Res Lab, RXLMN UTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McDowell, DL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM david.mcdowell@me.gatech.edu RI Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008; Tucker, Garritt/A-1954-2016 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035; Tucker, Garritt/0000-0002-4011-450X FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; National Center for Supercomputing Applications [DMR060019N] FX This material is based upon work supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (M.A.T.). This work was partially supported by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications under DMR060019N and utilized Cobalt. D.L.M. is grateful for the additional support of this work by the Carter N. Paden, Jr. Distinguished Chair in Metals Processing. NR 72 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 2 BP 351 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2008.03.041 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 384FW UT WOS:000261731700021 ER PT J AU Branson, RD Robinson, B Blakeman, TC Johannigman, JA AF Branson, Richard D. Robinson, Bryce Blakeman, Thomas C. Johannigman, Jay A. TI ONE VENTILATOR- FOUR PATIENTS A LUNG MODEL STUDY SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 31-FEB 04, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Soc Crit Care Med C1 [Branson, Richard D.; Robinson, Bryce; Blakeman, Thomas C.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Johannigman, Jay A.] USAF, CSTARS, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 36 IS 12 SU S MA 545 BP A137 EP A137 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 376WM UT WOS:000261213700509 ER PT J AU Putnam, AT Roertger, RH Smith, DL AF Putnam, Adin T. Roertger, Richard H. Smith, David L. TI ACUTE MERCURY TOXICITY DUE TO HOLLOW POINT MERCURY TIPPED BULLETS: SUCCESSFUL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 38th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 31-FEB 04, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Soc Crit Care Med C1 [Putnam, Adin T.] Carilion Clin, Fincastle, VA USA. [Roertger, Richard H.] Greenville Mem Med Ctr, Greenville, SC USA. [Smith, David L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 36 IS 12 SU S MA 714 BP A185 EP A185 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 376WM UT WOS:000261213700678 ER PT J AU Ritchie, SA Kobayashi, T Sperling, L AF Ritchie, Simon A. Kobayashi, Todd Sperling, Leonard TI Amyopathic Necrotizing Dermatomyositis Secondary to an Underlying Malignancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID CUTANEOUS LESIONS; OVARIAN-CANCER; SINE MYOSITIS; POLYMYOSITIS; ASSOCIATION; CARCINOMA; DIAGNOSIS; LYMPHOMA; DISEASES; COHORT AB GOAL To understand dermatomyositis (DM) to better manage patients with the condition LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this activity, dermatologists and general practitioners should be able to: 1. Define the diagnostic criteria for classic DM. 2. Differentiate between autoantibodies relevant to classic DIM and other variants of the disease. 3. Discuss the relationship between DIM and malignancies. INTENDED AUDIENCE This CME activity is designed for dermatologists and generalists. CME Test on page 414. This article has been peer reviewed and approved by Michael Fisher, MD, Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Review date: November 2008. This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Quadrant HealthCom. Inc. Albert Einstein College of Medicine is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Albert Einstein College of Medicine designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit (TM). Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. This activity has been planned and produced in accordance with ACCME Essentials. C1 [Kobayashi, Todd] USAF Acad, Dermatol Serv, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Sperling, Leonard] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ritchie, SA (reprint author), PSC 2 Box 1395, APO, AP 96264 USA. EM simonaritchie@hotmail.com NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD DEC PY 2008 VL 82 IS 6 BP 407 EP 413 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 388FW UT WOS:000262006700005 PM 19181030 ER PT J AU Maturo, SC Wiseman, J Mair, E AF Maturo, Stephen C. Wiseman, Joe Mair, Eric TI Transantral endoscopic repair of orbital floor fractures with the use of a flexible endoscope holder: A cadaver study SO ENT-EAR NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB We conducted a cadaver study to determine the ease of use and functionality of a flexible endoscope holder in the visualization and repair of orbital floor fractures via a transantral approach. Four fresh cadaver heads were dissected through a sublabial antrotomy incision with a 30 degrees endoscope attached to a flexible holder. An implant was placed to restore the normal anatomy. With the use of this exclusive endoscopic approach, all orbital floor fractures were identified in their entirety and completely reduced with alloplastic material. We conclude that the flexible endoscope holder provides clearer visualization, greater instrument mobility, and an overall superior dissection and placement of implants in the endoscopic repair of orbital floor fractures. C1 [Maturo, Stephen C.; Wiseman, Joe; Mair, Eric] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, SanAntonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Maturo, SC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, SanAntonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM maturo@lackland.af.mil NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU VENDOME GROUP LLC PI NEW YORK PA 149 FIFTH AVE, 10TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0145-5613 J9 ENT-EAR NOSE THROAT JI ENT-Ear Nose Throat J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 87 IS 12 BP 693 EP 695 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA V10PF UT WOS:000207475200011 PM 19105145 ER PT J AU Spear, S Iskandar, J Seaquist, D Sorensen, D AF Spear, Samuel Iskandar, John Seaquist, Derek Sorensen, Douglas TI Nasoseptal chondrosarcoma resection requiring anterior fossa floor repair: A case report SO ENT-EAR NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB We present a case in which a 23-year-old male patient diagnosed with nasoseptal chondrosarcoma with anterior cranial fossa extension underwent combined surgical approaches to optimize complete resection of the tumor. Surgery was followed by a 6-month course of proton-beam radiation therapy. Extensive tumors of this type with significant intracranial extension require surgical repair of the anterior fossa floor. We employed a repair technique not previously associated with the resection of these tumors, using a split-calvaria osteoplastic rotational flap. This method provided structural integrity while avoiding the risks associated with the use of free bone grafts and metallic meshes. C1 [Spear, Samuel] USAF, Madigan Army Med Ctr, ATTN MCHJ SET, Div Otolaryngol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Iskandar, John] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Div Neurosurg, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. [Seaquist, Derek] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Spear, S (reprint author), USAF, Madigan Army Med Ctr, ATTN MCHJ SET, Div Otolaryngol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. EM samspear@gmail.com NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU VENDOME GROUP LLC PI NEW YORK PA 149 FIFTH AVE, 10TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0145-5613 J9 ENT-EAR NOSE THROAT JI ENT-Ear Nose Throat J. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 87 IS 12 BP 696 EP 699 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA V10PF UT WOS:000207475200012 PM 19105146 ER PT J AU Dalal, K Woo, Y Kelly, K Galanis, C Gonen, M Fong, Y Coit, D AF Dalal, Kimberly Moore Woo, Yanghee Kelly, Kaitlyn Galanis, Charles Gonen, Mithat Fong, Yuman Coit, Daniel G. TI Detection of micrometastases in peritoneal washings of gastric cancer patients by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction SO GASTRIC CANCER LA English DT Article DE Gastric cancer; Peritoneal washings; Cytology; Micrometastases; RT-PCR ID CURATIVE RESECTION; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; CLINICAL-IMPLICATIONS; PANCREATIC-CANCER; CARCINOMA; CELLS; CYTOLOGY; EXPRESSION; DISEASE AB Gastric cancer patients with positive (+) peritoneal cytology have a prognosis similar to stage IV patients. We studied the ability of quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect peritoneal micrometastases in patients undergoing staging laparoscopy. Peritoneal washings were obtained prospectively from 34 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma undergoing staging laparoscopy and 6 patients undergoing laparoscopy for benign disease. Each sample underwent cytologic and RTPCR analysis for tumor markers: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), survivin, and MUC2. Markers were evaluated on the basis of their deviance from the ideal marker. Pathologic stages for the gastric cancer patients were: stage I, 9 (27%); stage II, 7 (21%); stage III, 15 (44%); and stage IV, 3 (9%). The four cytology (+) patients were: stage II, 1; stage III, 1; and stage IV, 2. Fifteen patients were RTPCR (+), including all cytology (+) patients. The optimal threshold for cycle amplification was 35, based on a receiver operating characteristic curve. CEA had the smallest deviance. RT-PCR using a panel of tumor markers, including CEA, detects (+) cytology. The clinical significance of "false-positive" overexpression of CEA, survivin, or CK20 but cytology (-) remains to be defined. RT-PCR could represent a more sensitive method than cytology for detection of subclinical peritoneal tumor dissemination; this may be useful in improving patient selection for operative management and clinical trials. C1 [Dalal, Kimberly Moore; Woo, Yanghee; Kelly, Kaitlyn; Galanis, Charles; Fong, Yuman; Coit, Daniel G.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Dalal, Kimberly Moore] David Grant US Air Force Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Dalal, Kimberly Moore] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Gonen, Mithat] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Coit, D (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Gonen, Mithat/E-4826-2012 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-3291 J9 GASTRIC CANCER JI Gastric Cancer PD DEC PY 2008 VL 11 IS 4 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s10120-008-0483-6 PG 8 WC Oncology; Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Oncology; Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 393TM UT WOS:000262395900005 PM 19132482 ER EF