FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Fang, ZQ Farlow, GC Claflin, B Look, DC Green, DS AF Fang, Z. -Q. Farlow, G. C. Claflin, B. Look, D. C. Green, D. S. TI Effects of electron-irradiation on electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAN AB Effects of 1 MeV electron-irradiation at room temperature on the electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures, including leakage currents, threshold voltages, and electron traps, have been investigated using Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) fabricated on the AlGaN. The SBDs, before and after the irradiation with a dose of 5 x 10(15) cm(-2), were characterized by temperature dependent current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements and deep level transient spectroscopy. It is found that the irradiation causes (i) significant increase in leakage currents, dominated by tunneling conduction, at both reverse and low-forward biases; (ii) a clear negative shift in threshold voltage in the pinch-off region; and (iii) creation of traps A(e)(similar to 1.1 eV) or A(2)(1.2 eV) and E(e)(0.09 eV) in the GaN buffer and AlGaN regions. The irradiation-induced traps can be used to account for the increase in leakage currents and shift in threshold voltage. However, as compared to traps A(2)(1.2 eV) and E(0.13 eV) induced in thick GaN layers by electron-irradiation, the irradiation-induced traps in the AlGaN/GaN heterostructures show some changes in activation energy and electron capture behavior. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3151952] C1 [Fang, Z. -Q.; Claflin, B.; Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Fang, Z. -Q.; Claflin, B.; Look, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Green, D. S.] RF Micro Devices, Charlotte, NC 28269 USA. [Farlow, G. C.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Fang, ZQ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM zhaoqiang.fang@wright.edu NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 12 AR 123704 DI 10.1063/1.3151952 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 465PP UT WOS:000267599600072 ER PT J AU Huang, MQ Turgut, Z Chen, ZM Shen, YH Lee, D Higgins, A Chen, CH Liu, S Liu, JF Horwath, JC Fingers, RT AF Huang, M. Q. Turgut, Z. Chen, Z. M. Shen, Y. H. Lee, D. Higgins, A. Chen, C. H. Liu, S. Liu, J. F. Horwath, J. C. Fingers, R. T. TI Coercivity of bulk anisotropic nanocomposite Sm(CoFeTi)(8-10) magnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS; FE; NB; CU AB The present study investigates the effects of nonmagnetic metal additions on Sm(Co(bal)Fe(0.2)Ti(0.05)M(x)B(0.01))(z) (x=0-0.04 and z=8-10) based melt-spun alloys. M=Nb, Ga, Cu, and Al were selected to form anisotropic nanocomposite bulk magnets via hot pressing followed by a hot deformation. The effects of Nb, Ga, Cu, and Al substitutions on intrinsic coercivity H(ci) and possible mechanisms behind the improvement in H(ci), such as phase formations, anisotropy field HA, and microstructure were investigated. Experimental results indicated an over 20%-50% enhancement in H(ci) after hot deformation (HD) with Nb, Ga, and Cu additions for magnets with z=8 and z=10. Especially with the Nb addition, the H(ci) improved from 8.7 to 12 kOe for the z=8 magnet, and from 5 to 11 kOe for the z=10 magnet. An unusual enhancement in H(ci), from 9 kOe after hot pressing (HP) at 700 degrees C to 11 kOe after HD at 850 degrees C, was observed in the Nb-doped magnet with z = 10. Our analysis on possible mechanisms behind the improvement in H(ci) indicated that Ga and Cu atoms tend to accompany and thus likely to stabilize a 1:5H phase, which possesses a higher anisotropy field HA, resulting in an improvement of H(ci). Nb atoms tend to localize at the grain boundaries of (1:5H or 2:17R) phases and form a Nb-rich CoFe phase with average sizes around 50 nm. This phase is believed to suppress grain growth during HP and HD resulting in a stronger Hci. A subgrain structure (similar to 50 nm) within the apparently larger grains (a few hundred nanometers) of 1: 5H or 2: 17R phases was observed in the Nb- doped HD-magnet of z=10. The formation of these subgrains could be the mechanism responsible for increased H(ci) values after HD. Al atoms did not show any particular location preference and positive effect on H(ci). The highest (BH)(max) of 13.4 MG Oe was obtained on anisotropic magnets of Sm(Co(0.74)Fe(0.2)Ti(0.05)B(0.01))(8). (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3153156] C1 [Huang, M. Q.; Turgut, Z.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Chen, Z. M.] Magnequench Inc, Singapore 117525, Singapore. [Shen, Y. H.; Lee, D.; Higgins, A.; Chen, C. H.; Liu, S.] Univ Dayton, Magnet Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Liu, J. F.] Electron Energy Corp, Landisville, PA 17538 USA. [Horwath, J. C.; Fingers, R. T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Huang, MQ (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, USAF, Res Lab, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM meiqing.huang@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 12 AR 123915 DI 10.1063/1.3153156 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 465PP UT WOS:000267599600096 ER PT J AU Camargo, JF Kulkarni, H Agan, BK Gaitan, AA Beachy, LA Srinivas, S He, WJ Anderson, S Marconi, VC Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SK AF Camargo, Jose F. Kulkarni, Hemant Agan, Brian K. Gaitan, Alvaro A. Beachy, Lisa A. Srinivas, Sowmya He, Weijing Anderson, Stephanie Marconi, Vincent C. Dolan, Matthew J. Ahuja, Sunil K. TI Responsiveness of T Cells to Interleukin-7 Is Associated with Higher CD4(+) T Cell Counts in HIV-1-Positive Individuals with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Viral Load Suppression SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SURFACE CCR5 DENSITY; IL-7 RECEPTOR-ALPHA; DISEASE PROGRESSION; SINGLE-CELL; IN-VIVO; HOMEOSTATIC PROLIFERATION; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; LYMPHOID HOMEOSTASIS; INFECTED PATIENTS AB Background. Despite suppression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) load by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), recovery of CD4(+) T cell counts can be impaired. We investigated whether this impairment may be associated with hyporesponsiveness of T cells to gamma-chain (gamma c) cytokines known to influence T cell homeostasis. Methods. The responsiveness of T cells to interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, and IL-15 was determined by assessing cytokine-induced phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in peripheral T cells obtained from 118 HIV-positive subjects and 13 HIV-negative subjects. Results. The responsiveness of T cells to interleukin (IL)-7 but not to IL-2 or IL-15 was lower among HIV-positive subjects than among HIV-negative subjects. Among subjects with viral load suppression, the degree of IL-7 responsiveness (1) correlated with naive CD4(+) T cell counts and was a better immune correlate of the prevailing CD4(+) T cell count than were levels of human leukocyte antigen-DR1 or programmed death-1, which are predictors of T cell homeostasis during HIV infection; and (2) was greater in subjects with complete (i.e., attainment of >= 500 CD4(+) T cells/mm(3) >= 5 years after initiation of HAART) versus incomplete immunologic responses. The correlation between plasma levels of IL-7 and CD4(+) T cell counts during HAART was maximal in subjects with increased IL-7 responsiveness. Conclusions. Responsiveness of T cells to IL-7 is associated with higher CD4(+) T cell counts during HAART and thus may be a determinant of the extent of immune reconstitution. C1 [Camargo, Jose F.; Kulkarni, Hemant; Gaitan, Alvaro A.; Beachy, Lisa A.; Srinivas, Sowmya; He, Weijing; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Microbiol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Camargo, Jose F.; Kulkarni, Hemant; Gaitan, Alvaro A.; Beachy, Lisa A.; Srinivas, Sowmya; He, Weijing; Ahuja, Sunil K.] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect 1, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Anderson, Stephanie; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Anderson, Stephanie; Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Anderson, Stephanie; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Anderson, Stephanie; Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Agan, Brian K.; Anderson, Stephanie; Marconi, Vincent C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Infect Dis Clin Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ahuja, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,Rm 5-009R, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM mdolan@hjf.org; ahujas@uthscsa.edu RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Agan, Brian/0000-0002-5114-1669 FU Veterans Administration Center on AIDS and HIV Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R37046326, HU0001-05-2-0011]; Elizabeth Glaser Scientist Award; Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Scientist Award in Translational Research; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) FX Veterans Administration Center on AIDS and HIV Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System; National Institutes of Health (NIH; MERIT award R37046326 to S. K. A.). S. K. A. is a recipient of the Elizabeth Glaser Scientist Award and the Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Scientist Award in Translational Research. Support for the Wilford Hall Medical Center cohort was provided by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS). The IDCRP is a Department of Defense triservice program executed through the USUHS and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, in collaboration with the Department of Health and Human Services/ NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/Division of Clinical Research through Interagency Agreement HU0001-05-2-0011. NR 43 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 12 BP 1872 EP 1882 DI 10.1086/598858 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 448BM UT WOS:000266236500021 PM 19432535 ER PT J AU Choi, SY Soref, RA AF Choi, Sang-Yeon Soref, Richard A. TI Low-loss silicide/silicon plasmonic ribbon waveguides for mid- and far-infrared applications SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODES AB We report low-loss silicide/silicon plasmonic ribbon waveguides for mid- and far-IR applications. The composite modes in silicide ribbon waveguides offer a low-loss and highly confined mode profile, giving excellent plasmon waveguiding for long-wavelength applications. The calculated propagation loss of the composite long-range surface-plasmon polariton mode at a wavelength of 100 mu m is 2.18 dB/cm with a mode height of less than 30 mu m. The results presented provide important design guidelines for silicide/Si plasmon waveguides. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Choi, Sang-Yeon] New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Soref, Richard A.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RYHC, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Choi, SY (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM sangycho@nmsu.edu RI Cho, Sang-Yeon/C-3075-2008 OI Cho, Sang-Yeon/0000-0002-4721-4087 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1759 EP 1761 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 468RT UT WOS:000267838400004 ER PT J AU Magaziner, RS Jain, VK Mall, S AF Magaziner, R. S. Jain, V. K. Mall, S. TI Investigation into wear of Ti-6Al-4V under reciprocating sliding conditions SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Wear of Materials CY APR 19-23, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Wear; Fretting; Fatigue; Titanium alloy; Relative slip ID INDEPENDENT PAD DISPLACEMENT; FRETTING FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; ENERGY DESCRIPTION; DISSIPATED ENERGY; MECHANISMS; ENDURANCE; FRICTION; CONTACTS; QUANTIFY; DAMAGE AB Wear behaviour of titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V under fretting-reciprocating condition was characterized under different loading conditions, contact surface conditions and contact configurations. Six series of tests were analyzed to investigate the effects of relative slip, contact load, number of cycles, bulk cyclic stress, contact geometry, and a lubricant. Dry and lubricated surface conditions produced "W" (scar with multiple valleys) and "U" (scar with single valley) shaped scars on both specimen and pad, respectively. W(v) (wear volume) was linearly related to the cumulative product of contact load and relative slip and to the total dissipated energy under different loading and sliding conditions for the cylinder-on-flat as well as flat-on-flat contacts for dry and lubricated conditions. The microscopy of wear scars showed that the wear was caused by both the adhesion and abrasion processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mall, S.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Magaziner, R. S.; Jain, V. K.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JUN 15 PY 2009 VL 267 IS 1-4 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.wear.2008.12.083 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 461MH UT WOS:000267270600050 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Lin, CS Hagan, MP Huang, CY Weimer, DR Wise, JO Gentile, LC Marcos, FA AF Burke, W. J. Lin, C. S. Hagan, M. P. Huang, C. Y. Weimer, D. R. Wise, J. O. Gentile, L. C. Marcos, F. A. TI Storm time global thermosphere: A driven-dissipative thermodynamic system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPOLAR POTENTIAL SATURATION; RING CURRENT; HILL MODEL; SOLAR-WIND; DENSITIES; FIELDS; DST AB Orbit-averaged mass densities (rho) over bar and exospheric temperatures (T) over bar (infinity) inferred from measurements by accelerometers on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites are used to investigate global energy E-th and power Pi(th) inputs to the thermosphere during two complex magnetic storms. Measurements show (rho) over bar, (T) over bar (infinity), and E-th rising from and returning to prevailing baselines as the magnetospheric electric field epsilon(VS) and the Dst index wax and wane. Observed responses of E-th and (T) over bar (infinity) to epsilon(VS) driving suggest that the storm time thermosphere evolves as a driven-but-dissipative thermodynamic system, described by a first-order differential equation that is identical in form to that governing the behavior of Dst. Coupling and relaxation coefficients of the E-th, (T) over bar (infinity), and Dst equations are established empirically. Numerical solutions of the equations for (T) over bar (infinity) and E-th are shown to agree with GRACE data during large magnetic storms. Since (T) over bar (infinity) and Dst have the same epsilon(VS) driver, it is possible to combine their governing equations to obtain estimates of storm time thermospheric parameters, even when lacking information about interplanetary conditions. This approach has the potential for significantly improving the performance of operational models used to calculate trajectories of satellites and space debris and is also useful for developing forensic reconstructions of past magnetic storms. The essential correctness of the approach is supported by agreement between thermospheric power inputs calculated from both GRACE-based estimates of E-th and the Weimer Poynting flux model originally derived from electric and magnetic field measurements acquired by the Dynamics Explorer 2 satellite. C1 [Burke, W. J.; Hagan, M. P.; Gentile, L. C.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2311SDA3,, FA8718-08-C-0012] FX Support for the presented work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Task 2311SDA3, and AF contract FA8718-08-C-0012 with Boston College. The authors thank Brian D. Tapley of the University of Texas for use of the reduced GRACE measurements that form the empirical basis of this report. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 11 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A06306 DI 10.1029/2008JA013848 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 458GP UT WOS:000267003900001 ER PT J AU Clements, AF Haley, JE Urbas, AM Kost, A Rauh, RD Bertone, JF Wang, F Wiers, BM Gao, D Stefanik, TS Mott, AG Mackie, DM AF Clements, Andrew F. Haley, Joy E. Urbas, Augustine M. Kost, Alan Rauh, R. David Bertone, Jane F. Wang, Fei Wiers, Brian M. Gao, De Stefanik, Todd S. Mott, Andrew G. Mackie, David M. TI Photophysical Properties of C-60 Colloids Suspended in Water with Triton X-100 Surfactant: Excited-State Properties with Femtosecond Resolution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBON-DISULFIDE SOLUTION; LASER FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; THIN-FILMS; ULTRAFAST RELAXATION; SOLID C-60; SOLVENT MIXTURES; BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BLACK SUSPENSIONS AB We examine the photophysics of a colloidal Suspension of C-60 particles in a micellar solution of Triton X-100 and water, prepared via a new synthesis which allows high-concentration Suspensions. The particle sizes are characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering and found to be somewhat polydisperse in the range of 10-100 nm. The suspension is characterized optically by UV-vis spectroscopy, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, laser flash photolysis. and z-scan. The ground-state absorbance spectrum shows a broad absorbance feature centered near 450 nm which is indicative of colloidal C-60. The transient absorption dynamics, presented for the first time with femtosecond resolution, are very similar to that of thin films of C-60 and indicate a strong quenching of the singlet excited state oil short time scales and evidence of little intersystem crossing to a triplet excited state. Laser flash photolysis reveals that a triplet excited-state absorption spectrum, which is essentially identical in shape to that of molecular C-60 Solutions, does indeed arise, but with Much lower magnitude and somewhat shorter lifetime. Z-scan analysis confirms that the optical response of this material is dominated by nonlinear scattering. C1 [Clements, Andrew F.] USA, RDECOM TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. [Haley, Joy E.; Urbas, Augustine M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Kost, Alan] Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rauh, R. David; Bertone, Jane F.; Wang, Fei] EIC Labs Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. [Wiers, Brian M.; Gao, De; Stefanik, Todd S.] Nanocerox Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Mott, Andrew G.; Mackie, David M.] USA, Res Lab, Attn AMSRD ARL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Clements, AF (reprint author), USA, RDECOM TARDEC, MS 263,6501 E 11 Mile Rd, Warren, MI 48397 USA. EM Andy.Clements@us.army.mil; Joy.Haley@wpafb.af.mil NR 92 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 11 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 23 BP 6437 EP 6445 DI 10.1021/jp8102518 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 454JV UT WOS:000266679100005 PM 19441808 ER PT J AU Diamanti, S Elsen, A Naik, R Vaia, R AF Diamanti, Steve Elsen, Andrea Naik, Rajesh Vaia, Richard TI Relative Functionality of Buffer and Peptide in Gold Nanoparticle Formation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PHAGE DISPLAY; HEPES BUFFER; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GOODS BUFFERS; NANOCRYSTALS; TEMPLATES AB The templated growth of nanoparticles via biological agents, such as peptides, provides an exciting complement to abiotic routes, opening facile means to combine the specificity of biomacromolecules with nanoparticle platforms. The specific role of the peptide sequence, and its state relative to the buffer, is still unclear with respect to the processes underlying nanoparticle formation. By investigation of Au mineralization in two commonly used buffers (sodium borate and (2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)), the role of the phage-display-identified A3 peptide, and its residues, is examined. In a nonreducing buffer (e.g., borate), mineralization is very slow, suggesting that the tyrosine residue in the A3 motif has at most a minor role in reduction of Au(III). In a buffer with substantial reducing capability (e.g., HEPES), the peptide retards nucleation relative to synthetic additives such as poly(ethylene glycol). Furthermore, it also functions to regulate the concentration of free Au in the growth medium, resulting in a diffusion limited process that yields larger nanoparticles with increased peptide concentration. These roles are consistent with the phage-display process that identified the A3 peptide sequence with respect to its binding strength to metal surfaces and not with regard to a specific reduction capability. C1 [Diamanti, Steve; Elsen, Andrea; Naik, Rajesh; Vaia, Richard] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors thank R. MacCuspie, J. Slocik, and W. Goodson for insightful discussions. Funding was graciously provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 11 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 23 BP 9993 EP 9997 DI 10.1021/jp8102063 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 454JZ UT WOS:000266679500006 ER PT J AU Woo, I Kim, S Maciejewski, R Ebert, DS Ropp, TD Thomas, K AF Woo, Insoo Kim, SungYe Maciejewski, Ross Ebert, David S. Ropp, Timothy D. Thomas, Krystal TI SDViz: A Context-Preserving Interactive Visualization System for Technical Diagrams SO COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM LA English DT Article CT 11th Eurographics/IEEE VGTC Symposium on Visualization (EuroVis 09) CY JUN 10-12, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP IEEE VGTC, European Assoc Comp Graph AB When performing daily maintenance and repair tasks, technicians require access to a variety of technical diagrams. As technicians trace components and diagrams from page-to-page, within and across manuals, the contextual information of the components they are analyzing can easily be lost. To overcome these issues, we have developed a Schematic Diagram Visualization System (SDViz) designed for maintaining and highlighting contextual information in technical documents, such as schematic and wiring diagrams. Our system incorporates various features to aid in the navigation and diagnosis of faults, as well as maintaining contextual information when tracing components/connections through multiple diagrams. System features include highlighting relationships between components and connectors, diagram annotation tools, the animation of flow through the system, a novel contextual blending method, and a variety of traditional focus+context visualization techniques. We have evaluated the usefulness of our system through a qualitative user study in which subjects utilized our system in diagnosing fa tilts during a standard aircraft maintenance exercise. C1 [Woo, Insoo; Kim, SungYe; Maciejewski, Ross; Ebert, David S.; Ropp, Timothy D.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Thomas, Krystal] USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Woo, I (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM iwoo@purdue.edu; inside@purdue.edu; rmacieje@purdue.edu; ebertd@purdue.edu; tropp@purdue.edu; Krystal.Thomas@wpafb.af.mil OI Ebert, David/0000-0001-6177-1296 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0167-7055 J9 COMPUT GRAPH FORUM JI Comput. Graph. Forum PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 943 EP 950 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 473OQ UT WOS:000268217500031 ER PT J AU Smith, BD Smith, GL Hurria, A Hortobagyi, GN Buchholz, TA AF Smith, Benjamin D. Smith, Grace L. Hurria, Arti Hortobagyi, Gabriel N. Buchholz, Thomas A. TI Future of Cancer Incidence in the United States: Burdens Upon an Aging, Changing Nation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 10-14, 2008 CL San Antonio, TX ID BREAST-CANCER; CLINICAL-TRIALS; TRENDS; OLDER; AGE; RADIOTHERAPY; RADIATION; ONCOLOGY; SURVIVAL; LEUKEMIA AB Purpose By 2030, the United States' population will increase to approximately 365 million, including 72 million older adults (age >= 65 years) and 157 million minority individuals. Although cancer incidence varies by age and race, the impact of demographic changes on cancer incidence has not been fully characterized. We sought to estimate the number of cancer patients diagnosed in the United States through 2030 by age and race. Methods Current demographic-specific cancer incidence rates were calculated using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. Population projections from the Census Bureau were used to project future cancer incidence through 2030. Results From 2010 to 2030, the total projected cancer incidence will increase by approximately 45%, from 1.6 million in 2010 to 2.3 million in 2030. This increase is driven by cancer diagnosed in older adults and minorities. A 67% increase in cancer incidence is anticipated for older adults, compared with an 11% increase for younger adults. A 99% increase is anticipated for minorities, compared with a 31% increase for whites. From 2010 to 2030, the percentage of all cancers diagnosed in older adults will increase from 61% to 70%, and the percentage of all cancers diagnosed in minorities will increase from 21% to 28%. Conclusion Demographic changes in the United States will result in a marked increase in the number of cancer diagnoses over the next 20 years. Continued efforts are needed to improve cancer care for older adults and minorities. C1 Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. City Hope Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Duarte, CA USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM bensmith@alumni.rice.edu OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 NR 32 TC 508 Z9 512 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 17 BP 2758 EP 2765 DI 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.8983 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 455RO UT WOS:000266782100006 PM 19403886 ER PT J AU Rogers, NC Cannon, PS Groves, KM AF Rogers, Neil C. Cannon, Paul S. Groves, Keith M. TI Measurements and simulation of ionospheric scattering on VHF and UHF radar signals: Channel scattering function SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCINTILLATION; MODEL AB The design and operation of transionospheric VHF and UHF radars requires knowledge of amplitude and phase scintillation due to ionospheric scattering. Phase coherence is of particular importance where long coherent integration periods and large bandwidths are required. A thin phase screen, parabolic equation based, Trans-Ionospheric Radio Propagation Simulator (TIRPS) is described. Modeled channel scattering functions (CSFs) are compared to experimental VHF and UHF data derived from the Advanced Research Projects Agency Long-range Tracking and Instrumentation Radar on Kwajalein Island (9.4 degrees N, 166.8 degrees E). TIRPS quantitatively reproduces the experimental results, including the quasi-parabolic profile observed in the measured CSFs under strong turbulence conditions. Variations in the simulated CSF with ionospheric phase screen parameters are also presented. Under conditions of high integrated strength of turbulence (C(k)L), a low phase spectral index (p = 1), indicating relatively dense small-scale irregularities, produces pronounced range spreading. Conversely, when the spectral index is high (p = 4), indicative of strong focusing/defocusing by large-scale irregularities, there is increased Doppler spreading and, when the outer scale of irregularities is large, a greater likelihood of asymmetry of the CSF about the zero Doppler axis. C1 [Rogers, Neil C.; Cannon, Paul S.] QinetiQ, RF Operat Environm, Malvern Technol Ctr, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. [Groves, Keith M.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Rogers, NC (reprint author), QinetiQ, RF Operat Environm, Malvern Technol Ctr, St Andrews Rd, Malvern WR14 3PS, Worcs, England. EM ncrogers@qinetiq.com RI Cannon, Paul/C-3579-2011; OI Cannon, Paul/0000-0001-8240-994X; Rogers, Neil/0000-0002-8423-6306 FU United Kingdom Ministry of Defence, Science and Technology program; U.S. Department of the Army under Air Force [FA8721-05-C-0002] FX The UK contribution to this program has been conducted with funding from the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence, Science and Technology program. The MIT Lincoln Laboratory contribution was sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Army under Air Force contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States government. The authors would like to thank Paul Kossey for his unfailing support in the early stages of this UK-U.S. collaborative program. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUN 9 PY 2009 VL 44 AR RS0A07 DI 10.1029/2008RS004033 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 458GV UT WOS:000267004600001 ER PT J AU Patnaik, AK Roy, S Gord, JR Lucht, RP Settersten, TB AF Patnaik, Anil K. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. Lucht, Robert P. Settersten, Thomas B. TI Effects of collisions on electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering of nitric oxide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coherent antiStokes Raman scattering; molecule-photon collisions; nitrogen compounds; rotational-vibrational energy transfer ID GAMMA(0,0) ABSORPTION-LINES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND; PRESSURE FLAMES; RATE CONSTANTS; NO; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; SHIFT AB A six-level model is developed and used to study the effects of collisional energy transfer and dephasing on electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ERE-CARS) in nitric oxide. The model includes the three levels that are coherently coupled by the three applied lasers as well as three additional bath levels that enable inclusion of the effects of electronic quenching and rotational energy transfer. The density-matrix equations that describe the evolution of the relevant populations and coherences are presented. The parametric dependencies of the ERE-CARS signal on collisional energy transfer and dephasing processes are described in terms of both a steady-state analytical solution and the numerical solutions to the governing equations. In the weak-field limit, the ERE-CARS signal scales inversely with the square of the dephasing rates for the electronic and Raman coherences. In accord with published experimental observations [Roy , Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 104105 (2006)], the ERE-CARS signal is shown to be insensitive to the collisional quenching rate. Parametric dependencies on quenching, rotational energy transfer, and pure electronic dephasing are presented, demonstrating reduced collisional dependence for saturating laser fields. C1 [Patnaik, Anil K.; Roy, Sukesh; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patnaik, Anil K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Settersten, Thomas B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Patnaik, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anil.patnaik@wpafb.af.mil RI Settersten, Thomas/B-3480-2009 OI Settersten, Thomas/0000-0002-8017-0258 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07C-0036]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. FA9550-07C-0036 (Dr. Julian Tishkoff, Program Manager) and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 21 AR 214304 DI 10.1063/1.3137106 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 454IA UT WOS:000266674400018 PM 19508066 ER PT J AU Choi, W Tuteja, A Chhatre, S Mabry, JM Cohen, RE McKinley, GH AF Choi, Wonjae Tuteja, Anish Chhatre, Shreerang Mabry, Joseph M. Cohen, Robert E. McKinley, Gareth H. TI Fabrics with Tunable Oleophobicity SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID WATER-REPELLENT SURFACES; SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; DESIGN; ROUGHNESS; WETTABILITY; TEXTILES; LOTUS; OIL AB A simple "dip-coating" process that imbues oleophobicity to various surfaces that inherently possess re-entrant texture, such as commercially available fabrics, is reported. These dip-coated fabric surfaces exhibit reversible, deformation-dependent, tunable wettability, including the capacity to switch their surface wetting properties (between super-repellent and super-wetting) against a wide range of polar and nonpolar liquids. C1 [Choi, Wonjae; McKinley, Gareth H.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tuteja, Anish; Chhatre, Shreerang; Cohen, Robert E.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP McKinley, GH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM recohen@mit.edu; gareth@mit.edu RI McKinley, Gareth/G-4872-2011 OI McKinley, Gareth/0000-0001-8323-2779 FU Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) [FA9300-06M-T015]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-1-0272, LRIR-92PL0COR]; Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-07-D-0004] FX This research has been supported by the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) under contract no. FA9300-06M-T015, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under contract no. FA9550-07-1-0272, LRIR-92PL0COR, as well as the Army Research Office (ARO) through contract no. W911NF-07-D-0004. We also thank Prof. M. F Rubner and the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (ISN) at MIT for the use of various lab facilit ies. W. Choi and A. Tuteja contributed equally to this work. Supporting Information is available online from Wiley InterScience or from the author. NR 41 TC 210 Z9 213 U1 20 U2 189 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 21 BP 2190 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200802502 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 461XY UT WOS:000267308800010 ER PT J AU Wu, TQT Powell, WB Whisman, A AF Wu, Tongqiang Tony Powell, Warren B. Whisman, Alan TI The Optimizing-Simulator: An Illustration Using the Military Airlift Problem SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MODELING AND COMPUTER SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Approximate dynamic programming; military logistics; control of simulation; modeling information; optimizing-simulator ID TABU SEARCH; OPTIMIZATION AB There have been two primary modeling and algorithmic strategies for modeling operational problems in transportation and logistics: simulation, offering tremendous modeling flexibility, and optimization, which offers the intelligence of math programming. Each offers significant theoretical and practical advantages. In this article, we show that you can model complex problems using a range of decision functions, including both rule-based and cost-based logic, and spanning different classes of information. We show how different types of decision functions can be designed using up to four classes of information. The choice of which information classes to use is a modeling choice, and requires making specific choices in the representation of the problem. We illustrate these ideas in the context of modeling military airlift, where simulation and optimization have been viewed as competing methodologies. Our goal is to show that these are simply different flavors of a series of integrated modeling strategies. C1 [Wu, Tongqiang Tony; Powell, Warren B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Operat Res & Financial Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Whisman, Alan] Air Mobil Command, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. RP Wu, TQT (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Operat Res & Financial Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM powell@princeton.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-08-1-0195] FX This research was supported in part by grant AFOSR contract FA9550-08-1-0195. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1049-3301 EI 1558-1195 J9 ACM T MODEL COMPUT S JI ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 AR 14 DI 10.1145/1540530.1540535 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 487MK UT WOS:000269278500005 ER PT J AU Goldstein, SC Mowry, TC Campbell, JD Ashley-Rollman, MP De Rosa, M Funiak, S Hoburg, JF Karagozler, ME Kirby, B Lee, P Pillai, P Reid, JR Stancil, DD Weller, MP AF Goldstein, Seth C. Mowry, Todd C. Campbell, Jason D. Ashley-Rollman, Michael P. De Rosa, Michael Funiak, Stanislav Hoburg, James F. Karagozler, Mustafa E. Kirby, Brian Lee, Peter Pillai, Padmanabhan Reid, J. Robert Stancil, Daniel D. Weller, Michael P. TI Beyond Audio and Video: Using Claytronics to Enable Pario SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Innovative Applications Artificial Intelligence CY JUL 13-17, 2008 CL Chicago, IL ID SYSTEMS AB In this article, we describe the hardware and software challenges involved in realizing claytronics, a form of programmable matter made out of very large numbers-potentially millions-of submillimeter-sized spherical robots. The goal of tire Claytronics Project is to create ensembles of cooperating submillimeter robots, which work together to form dynamic three-dimensional physical objects. For example, claytronics might be used in telepresense to mimic, with high-fidelity and hi three-dimensional solid form, tire look, feel, and motion of tire person at the other end of the telephone call. To achieve this long-range vision we are investigating hardware mechanisms for constructing submillimeter robots, which can be manufactured en masse using photolithography. We also propose tire creation of a new media type, which we call pario. The idea behind pario is to render arbitrary moving, physical three-dimensional objects that you can see, touch, and even hold in your hands. In parallel with our hardware effort, we art developing novel distributed programming languages and algorithms to control the ensembles, LDP and Meld. Pario may fundamentally change how we communicate with others and interact with the world around us. Our research results to date suggest that there is a viable path to implementing both the hardware and software necessary for claytronics, which is a from of programmable matter that can be used to implement pario. While we have made significant progress, there is still much research ahead in order to turn this vision into reality. C1 [Goldstein, Seth C.; Mowry, Todd C.; De Rosa, Michael; Lee, Peter] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Campbell, Jason D.; Pillai, Padmanabhan] Intel Res Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Funiak, Stanislav] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Karagozler, Mustafa E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Weller, Michael P.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Computat Design Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Reid, J. Robert] Sensors Directorate, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Goldstein, SC (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Stancil, Daniel/D-1339-2013; OI Stancil, Daniel/0000-0002-2010-1381; , Daniel/0000-0001-7741-1893 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 30 IS 2 BP 29 EP 45 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 462IH UT WOS:000267344100003 ER PT J AU Porter, C Abbas, A Cohen, K McLaughlin, T Enloe, CL AF Porter, C. Abbas, A. Cohen, K. McLaughlin, T. Enloe, C. L. TI Spatially Distributed Forcing and Jet Vectoring with a Plasma Actuator SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 07-10, 2008 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID FLOW; CYLINDER AB The ability to spatially alter both the amount of body force along the span of a plasma actuator and the angle of the resulting jet relative to the surface has been demonstrated. A dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator consists of two electrodes separated by a dielectric barrier, which imparts momentum to the surrounding fluid parallel to the dielectric. To investigate a technique to shape the spanwise body force created by the plasma actuator, a control volume momentum balance was used. By shaping the buried electrode along the span of the actuator, the local volume of plasma generated can be controlled, which is related to the local body force. Pressure measurements were taken in the boundary layer behind the actuator to calculate the momentum imparted to the flow at various spanwise locations corresponding to different electrode widths. Particle image velocimetry data were then used to show that spatially varying, steady jets could be created with the use of only one actuator by varying the width of the buried electrode in a quiescent flow. The angle of the jet created, relative to the dielectric, by a plasma synthetic jet is also investigated. By pointing two plasma actuators at each other, an inverted impinging jet can be created as a result of the two independent jets colliding. By altering the strength of one of the jets relative to the other, the angle of separation can be changed. Particle image velocimetry data were taken to show the effects of altering the voltage (strength) applied to one of the actuators relative to the other. It was found that, with this method,jet vectoring could be achieved. The angle of the jet could be controlled a full 180 deg through small changes in the voltage applied to the electrodes, also in a quiescent flow. C1 [Porter, C.; McLaughlin, T.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Aeronaut Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. [Porter, C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80933 USA. [Enloe, C. L.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. RP Porter, C (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Aeronaut Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. OI Cohen, Kelly/0000-0002-8655-1465 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1368 EP 1378 DI 10.2514/1.36716 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 452CZ UT WOS:000266518700006 ER PT J AU Sobell, MB Sobell, LC Peterson, AL Brundige, A Hryshko-Mullen, A AF Sobell, M. B. Sobell, L. C. Peterson, A. L. Brundige, A. Hryshko-Mullen, A. TI USING REDUCED ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AS A STRATEGY TO MINIMIZE WEIGHT GAIN WHEN STOPPING SMOKING SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 [Sobell, M. B.; Sobell, L. C.; Peterson, A. L.; Brundige, A.; Hryshko-Mullen, A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 6 BP 245A EP 245A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 449MQ UT WOS:000266335100936 ER PT J AU Alexander, AEZ McNamara, JA Franchi, L Baccetti, T AF Alexander, Ann E. Zionic McNamara, James A., Jr. Franchi, Lorenzo Baccetti, Tiziano TI Semilongitudinal cephalometric study of craniofacial growth in untreated Class III malocclusion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID MAXILLARY EXPANSION; FACEMASK THERAPY; MANDIBULAR PROGNATHISM; CRANIAL BASE; SKELETAL; PROTRACTION; COMPONENTS AB Introduction: Class III growth in white subjects is poorly characterized because of the low prevalence of the disharmony and the clinical tendency to treat this condition early. The purpose of this study was to investigate craniofacial growth changes by using longitudinal cephalometric records of white subjects with untreated Class III malocclusions to provide comparison data for studies of Class III treatment outcomes. Methods: Longitudinal records of 103 subjects were analyzed. Annual incremental growth changes in craniofacial variables from early childhood to late adolescence were examined for each sex. Inferential statistics were applied to changes in mandibular length, midfacial length, and lower anterior facial height of each sex (Wilcoxon tests) and between sexes (Mann-Whitney U tests). Results: In the girls, the adolescent spurt in mandibular growth occurred between the ages of 10 and 12 years. In the boys, the adolescent mandibular growth spurt was between 12 and 15 years. Statistically significant growth changes in the average increments of growth of these linear measurements occurred in both sexes between 12 and 15 years. Adolescent peaks in midfacial growth were at prepubertal ages in both sexes. During childhood (5-7 years), much craniofacial growth occurred. Moreover, there was considerable mandibular growth relative to the maxilla in Class III subjects after the adolescent growth spurt. Conclusions: White Class III subjects showed definite worsening of the relative mandibular prognathism and sagittal skeletal discrepancy between the jaws with growth. The growth pattern of 3 fundamental cephalometric measurements ( lower anterior face height, midfacial length, and mandibular length) exhibited differences between Class III male and female subjects in both the timing and the size of average growth increments in the adolescent growth spurt. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009; 135:700.e1-700.e14) C1 [Alexander, Ann E. Zionic] USAF, Travis AFB, CA USA. [McNamara, James A., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Orthodont & Pediat Dent, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [McNamara, James A., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [McNamara, James A., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Franchi, Lorenzo; Baccetti, Tiziano] Univ Florence, Dept Orthodont, I-50127 Florence, Italy. RP Baccetti, T (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dept Orthodont, Via Ponte Mezzo 46-48, I-50127 Florence, Italy. EM t.baccetti@odonto.unifi.it RI Franchi, Lorenzo/B-2730-2009 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 135 IS 6 AR 700.e1 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.06.025 PG 14 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 458TV UT WOS:000267048000013 PM 19524825 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Liang, SX Jia, L Chen, N Fadare, O Schwartz, PE Kong, BH Zheng, WX AF Zhang, Xi Liang, Sharon X. Jia, Lin Chen, Ning Fadare, Oluwole Schwartz, Peter E. Kong, Beihua Zheng, Wenxin TI Molecular Identification of "Latent Precancers" for Endometrial Serous Carcinoma in Benign-Appearing Endometrium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISTAL FALLOPIAN-TUBE; GLANDULAR DYSPLASIA; PRECURSOR LESION; CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS; MUTATION; P53; FEATURES; PATHOGENESIS; MODEL AB Alteration of p53 is an early event in the development of endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC). We have recently identified a group of benign-looking endometria with p53 overexpression, designated "p53 signatures." In this study, we investigated these p53 signatures and evaluated whether they represented "latent" precancers for ESC. The p53 signatures were specifically associated with ESC, frequently found in the benign-appearing endometrium adjacent to the ESC and only rarely in either the endometrium adjacent to endometrioid carcinomas or in non-cancerous uteri. Forty-two percent of the p53 signature samples showed at least one p53 gene mutation. There were eight ESC uteri with p53 signatures that revealed p53 gene mutations. In four (50%) of these cases, at least one identical p53 gene mutation was found in the signature glands, precancerous regions, and cancerous areas within the same uterus. We concluded that p53 gene mutations apparently precede the morphological changes in affected endometrial cells. The finding of identical p53 mutations in the p53 signatures, precancerous regions, and ESCs in a subset of the uteri provides further evidence of a probable shared lineage between these lesions and suggests that the epithelia that display these p53 signatures are likely latent ESC precancerous regions. These findings underscore the significance of the p53 signature as a target for further research in the early detection and prevention of ESC. (Am J Pathol 2009, 174:2000-2006; DOI:10.2353/ajpath.2009.081085) C1 [Zhang, Xi; Chen, Ning; Zheng, Wenxin] Univ Arizona, Dept Pathol, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Zhang, Xi; Jia, Lin; Chen, Ning; Kong, Beihua] Shandong Univ, Qilu Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Wenxin] Univ Arizona, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Zheng, Wenxin] Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Liang, Sharon X.] Stony Brook Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Schwartz, Peter E.] Yale Univ, Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol & Reprod Sci, New Haven, CT USA. RP Zheng, WX (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Pathol, Coll Med, 1501 N Campbell Ave,5224A, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM kongbeihua@sdu.edu.cn; zhengw@email.arizona.edu FU Shandong University School of Medicine, China; Women's Cancer Division of Arizona Cancer Center; Arizona Cancer Center Core [P30 CA23074]; Arizona Cancer Center FX Supported in part by Shandong University School of Medicine, China, Women's Cancer Division of Arizona Cancer Center. Arizona Cancer Center Core Grant (P30 CA23074), and Arizona Cancer Center Better Than Ever grant. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 174 IS 6 BP 2000 EP 2006 DI 10.2353/ajpath.2009.081085 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 449ZT UT WOS:000266370600004 PM 19435786 ER PT J AU Beach, TL AF Beach, Theodore L. TI Initial phase and free-particle wave packet evolution SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Fresnel diffraction; Gaussian distribution; physics education; quantum optics; Schrodinger equation; wave functions ID DIFFRACTION; SCREEN; APPROXIMATION; VALIDITY AB The evolution of the free-particle wave function in one dimension is the same as scalar Fresnel diffraction from a one-dimensional structure. Quantum mechanics courses often explore the propagation of Gaussian wave packets, but the diffractionlike mathematics is sufficiently tractable to investigate the propagation of other wave packets, both numerically and analytically. More importantly, the diffraction analogy facilitates the development of an intuitive understanding of the role that the initial phase plays in free-particle wave packet evolution. This article considers some of the effects of the initial phase function on the subsequent evolution of free-particle wave packets in the position representation. These considerations reinforce the idea that the classical mechanics limit embodied in the correspondence principle and formalized in the Ehrenfest theorem is necessarily an incomplete representation of quantum behavior. C1 [Beach, Theodore L.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Beach, TL (reprint author), Creare Res & Dev Inc, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM tlb@creare.com FU AFOSR [Task 2311AS, 2303E] FX This research was supported by AFOSR Task 2311AS and the AFOSR subarea in Molecular Dynamics (2303E). This work has made use of the NASA Astrophysics Data System. The author thanks the anonymous reviewers for many valuable suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 77 IS 6 BP 538 EP 545 DI 10.1119/1.3089531 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 445QQ UT WOS:000266067000010 ER PT J AU Jesinger, RA Huynh, B Gover, D AF Jesinger, Robert A. Huynh, Bang Gover, David TI Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Resulting in Osseous Venous Congestion Simulating Sclerotic Bone Lesions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Jesinger, Robert A.; Huynh, Bang; Gover, David] David Grant US AF Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Jesinger, RA (reprint author), David Grant US AF Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 192 IS 6 BP W344 EP W345 DI 10.2214/AJR.08.2068 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 447FQ UT WOS:000266177400058 PM 19457801 ER PT J AU Letz, AG Calabria, CW AF Letz, Adrian G. Calabria, Christopher W. TI T-cell epitopes of aeroallergens SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BIRCH POLLEN ALLERGEN; HOUSE-DUST MITE; JAPANESE CEDAR POLLEN; BET-V-I; MAJOR ALLERGEN; OVERLAPPING PEPTIDES; GRASS-POLLEN; P-I; IMMUNOGENETIC ANALYSIS; IMMUNODOMINANT REGION AB Objective: To describe the current knowledge of the T-cell epitopes of common aeroallergens, how they were discovered, and implications for future therapy. Data Sources: PubMed search of English-language articles without date limits pertaining to T-cell epitopes of aeroallergens included on a standard skin test panel. Study Selection: A total of 127 articles were screened based oil the results of the PubMed search and cross-indexed as needed. The highest quality and most clinically relevant articles were included for discussion. Results: Of the 47 allergen extracts included oil the standard skin test panel at our institution, T-cell epitopes have been described for 13. Immunodominant epitopes have been used for peptide immunotherapy trials. Conclusions: T-cell epitopes have been characterized for a minority of common aeroallergens. However, knowledge is rapidly expanding and can lay the groundwork for therapies that specifically target T cells. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009; 102:445-452. C1 [Letz, Adrian G.; Calabria, Christopher W.] Lackland AFB, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Letz, AG (reprint author), 59 MDOS SGO5A,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM adrian.letz@lackland.af.mil NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 445 EP 452 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 455SH UT WOS:000266784900002 PM 19558001 ER PT J AU Rispoli, DM Athwal, GS Sperling, JW Cofield, RH AF Rispoli, Damian M. Athwal, George S. Sperling, John W. Cofield, Robert H. TI The Macroscopic Delineation of the Edge of the Glenoid Labrum: An Anatomic Evaluation of an Open and Arthroscopic Visual Reference SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Shoulder; Anatomy; Arthroscopy; Glenoid; Labrum ID ANTERIOR SHOULDER STABILIZATION; SUTURE ANCHORS; GLENOHUMERAL JOINT; BANKART REPAIR; FOLLOW-UP; CHONDROLYSIS; INSTABILITY; STABILITY; COMPLICATIONS; ARTHROPATHY AB Purpose: Our purpose was to evaluate the distance from the bony edge of the glenoid to the visible (or macroscopic) demarcation at the junction of the labrum and the articular cartilage. Methods: Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremity specimens were dissected. The shoulder was disarticulated and periarticular structures were removed, leaving the glenoid with the labrum attached. The macroscopic edge of the glenoid was then marked with a drill at the 3-. 4- 5-, 6-, 7, 8-, and 9-o'clock positions, as defined by a clock face (right) and a reverse clock face (left). Soft tissue and cartilage were then removed, and the distance from the Outer edge of the drill hole to the bony rim was measured. Results: The mean distance from the bony edge in hourly intervals starting at the 3-o'clock position anteriorly and extending to the 9-o'clock position posteriorly was 4.03 mm (range, 2.1 to 5.21 mm; SD, 0.96 mm), 4.2 mm (range, 2.1 to 5.31 mm; SD, 0.97 mm), 4.51 mm (range, 3.1 to 5.2 mm; SD, 0.91 mm), 5.14 mm (range, 3.1 to 7 mm; SD, 1.38 mm), 3.24 mm (range, 1.1 to 5.2 mm; SD, 1.4 mm), 3.78 mm (range, 1 to 6 mm; SD., 1.6 mm), and 4.28 mm (range, 2.1 to 7.3 mm; SD, 1.51 mm), respectively. A trend was noted for significant differences between locations, but this did not reach statistical significance (analysis of variance, P=.086). Conclusions: The macroscopic edge of the labrum on the glenoid face does not correspond to the bony edge of the glenoid. The labrum overlaps onto the bony Surface of the glenoid from a minimum of 1.6 mm to a maximum of 7.3 mm. C1 [Rispoli, Damian M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Athwal, George S.] Univ Western Ontario, St Josephs Hlth Ctr, Hand & Upper Limb Ctr, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada. [Sperling, John W.; Cofield, Robert H.] Mayo Clin, Dept Orthopaed, Rochester, MN USA. RP Rispoli, DM (reprint author), 59 MDOG SGO40,2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM damian.rispoli@lackland.af.mil NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD JUN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 603 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.arthro.2008.12.016 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 456JS UT WOS:000266842200006 PM 19501289 ER PT J AU Shah, S Shapiro, R Snyder, J AF Shah, S. Shapiro, R. Snyder, J. TI IMPACT OF ENHANCED EXTERNAL COUNTERPULSATION (EECP) ON ANGINA CLASS AND EXERCISE DURATION: A META-ANALYSIS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shah, S.] Univ Pacific, TJ Long Sch Pharm & Hlth Sci, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Shapiro, R.; Snyder, J.] USAF, Dept Pharm, Travis AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957101382 ER PT J AU Van Camp, RO AF Van Camp, Roscoe O. TI Zolpidem in Fatigue Management for Surge Operations of Remotely Piloted Aircraft SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE UAV; UAS; fatigue; aviation; sleep; predator; MQ1 ID US MILITARY; ETHICAL USE; COUNTERMEASURES; RECOMMENDATIONS; PERFORMANCE; MELATONIN; AVIATION; SLEEP AB VAN CAMP RO. Zolpidem in fatigue management for surge operations of remotely piloted aircraft. Aviat Space Environ Med 2009; 80:553-5. Introduction: Zolpidem is a hypnotic medication approved to manage sleep for crewmembers involved in combat operations in the USAF and other services. Previous studies demonstrated the effectiveness of zolpidem under laboratory conditions, but confirmation from the field is needed. Methods: We evaluated zolpidem in managing sleep-work cycles for crews of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) during surge combat operations. There were 3 10-mg tablets of zolpidem dispensed to each of 43 crewmembers tasked to support RPA surge combat operations requiring rapid unscheduled shift changes. All personnel were required to take the drug on a non-flying day to evaluate its individual effect; use Of the drug during operations was voluntary. Results: The surge operations were carried Out successfully with no flight or ground mishaps. There were 27 crewmembers. (63%) who used the medication. Of those, 19 reported that the intervention resulted in good sleep without side effects or morning drowsiness. The other eight subjects reported side effects consisting of drug hangover (N = 4) or poor sleep with frequent awakening (N = 4). There were no reports of abnormal sleep behaviors. Five crewmembers considered the medication essential to duty performance. Conclusion: Zolpidem promoted the safe induction of sleep and was used Successful by a majority of the RPA crewmembers. Side effects occurred in some crewmembers even though they had previously tested the drug without side effects. A small subset of the test group heavily relied on medication to successfully manage their sleep-rest cycle. C1 USAF, MC, SFS, Las Vegas, NV 89130 USA. RP Van Camp, RO (reprint author), USAF, MC, SFS, 4754 Munstead Woods Ct, Las Vegas, NV 89130 USA. EM rossvancamp@hotmail.com NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 6 BP 553 EP 555 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2460.2009 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 454LM UT WOS:000266683400008 PM 19522366 ER PT J AU Brandt, MS Morrison, TO Butler, WP AF Brandt, Megan S. Morrison, Thomas O. Butler, William P. TI Decompression Sickness Rates for Chamber Personnel: Case Series from One Facility SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE decompression sickness; DCS; inside observer; IO; epidemic; cluster; dose-response; exposures per month AB BRANDT MS, MORRISON TO, BUTLER WR Decompression sickness rates for chamber personnel: case series from one facility. Aviat Space Environ Med 2009; 80:570-3. During 2004, a case series of decompression sickness (DCS) meeting the definition of epidemic DCS was observed in the Shaw AFB Physiological Training Program. There were 10 cases of chamber-induced altitude DCS observed. Internal and external investigations focused on time, place, person, and environment. No temporal trend was observed. Chamber, masks, regulators, crew positions, and oxygen sources revealed no defects. Among the cases, mean age was 27 yr. Peak altitude in four cases was 35,000 ft and in the other six cases was 25,000 ft. Six had joint pain, one skin symptoms, and three neurological findings. Four were treated with 100% ground-level oxygen and six with hyperbaric oxygen. Four were students and six were inside observers (10). Four were women and six men. In the 10, where four of the six were women, no gender effect was seen. Examining the 10 monthly exposure load (exposures per month) against DCS suggested a dose-response relationship. This relationship held true when 4 yr of Shaw AFB 10 data was studied. Indeed, Poisson regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant 2.1-told rise in DCS risk with each monthly exposure. Consequently, the number of exposures per month may need to be considered when devising 10 schedules. C1 [Butler, William P.] Kadena AB, Med Grp 18, MTM&H, Okinawa, Japan. [Brandt, Megan S.] Human Performance Training Flight, Aerosp Med Squadron 31, Aviano, AB, Italy. [Morrison, Thomas O.] 19th Aerosp Med Squadron, Little Rock AFB, AR USA. RP Butler, WP (reprint author), USAF, MC, CFS, Med Grp 18, PSC 80,Box 10265, APO, AP 96367 USA. EM william.butler@kadena.af.mil NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 6 BP 570 EP 573 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2438.2009 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 454LM UT WOS:000266683400012 PM 19522370 ER PT J AU Schwertner, HA Valtier, S Bebarta, VS AF Schwertner, H. A. Valtier, S. Bebarta, V. S. TI Determination of plasma hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) I. Application to pharmacokinetic studies of hydroxocobalamin antidote treatment for cyanide poisoning SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Clinical-Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Assoc Clin Chem C1 [Schwertner, H. A.; Valtier, S.; Bebarta, V. S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 6 BP A265 EP A265 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 456ZZ UT WOS:000266895401402 ER PT J AU Harahsheh, A Doty, A AF Harahsheh, Ashraf Doty, Angela TI Choices We Make SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Harahsheh, Ashraf] George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Ctr Heart Lung & Kidney Dis, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Doty, Angela] USAF, Emergency Med, Med Corps, Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Harahsheh, A (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Ctr Heart Lung & Kidney Dis, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM aharahsh@cnmc.org OI Harahsheh, Ashraf/0000-0002-2622-573X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 481 EP 482 DI 10.1177/0009922809332493 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 444BL UT WOS:000265954800003 PM 19258525 ER PT J AU Sager, RJ Klein, PJ Lagoudas, DC Zhang, Q Liu, J Dai, L Baur, JW AF Sager, R. J. Klein, P. J. Lagoudas, D. C. Zhang, Q. Liu, J. Dai, L. Baur, J. W. TI Effect of carbon nanotubes on the interfacial shear strength of T650 carbon fiber in an epoxy matrix SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nano composites; Carbon fibres; Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Fibre/matrix bond; Fragmentation ID THERMAL MANAGEMENT; FRAGMENTATION TEST; GRAPHITE FIBERS; COMPOSITES; STRAIN; TEMPERATURE; ADHESION; BEHAVIOR; TENSILE; FILMS AB The interfacial shear strength of carbon nanotube coated carbon fibers in epoxy was studied using the single-fiber composite fragmentation test. The carbon fibers were coated with carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the fiber surface using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The CVD process was adjusted to produce two CNT morphologies for the study: radially aligned and randomly oriented. The purpose of the CNT coating was to potentially produce a multifunctional structural composite. Results of the single-fiber fragmentation tests indicate an improvement in interfacial shear strength with the addition of a nanotube coating. This improvement can most likely be attributed to an increase in the interphase yield strength as well as an improvement in interfacial adhesion due to the presence of the nanotubes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sager, R. J.; Klein, P. J.; Lagoudas, D. C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhang, Q.; Liu, J.; Dai, L.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Baur, J. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lagoudas, DC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 3141 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lagoudas@aeromail.tamu.edu OI Lagoudas, Dimitris/0000-0002-0194-5933 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Minority Leaders Program [F33601-05-D-1912] FX Funding for this research provided by Air Force Research Laboratory, Minority Leaders Program, F33601-05-D-1912. NR 30 TC 145 Z9 159 U1 6 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 69 IS 7-8 BP 898 EP 904 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.12.021 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 450DH UT WOS:000266380700004 ER PT J AU Soref, RA Lorenzo, JP AF Soref, R. A. Lorenzo, J. P. TI Single-crystal silicon: a new material for 1.3 and 1.6 mu m integrated-optical components SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The first all-silicon integrated-optical components for 1.3/1.6 mu m have been demonstrated. An optical power divider with end-fire coupling was constructed from intersecting channel waveguides. Guides were fabricated by plasma-etching of an intrinsic Si layer grown epitaxially on a heavily doped Si substrate (n on n(+) or p on p(+)). Active components are proposed. C1 [Soref, R. A.; Lorenzo, J. P.] USAF, Rome Air Dev Ctr, Solid State Sci Div, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Soref, RA (reprint author), USAF, Rome Air Dev Ctr, Solid State Sci Div, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 16 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN PY 2009 BP 26 EP 27 DI 10.1049/el:19850673 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 480HG UT WOS:000268723800010 ER PT J AU Camp, WJ AF Camp, William J. TI Health Care Options for Former Military Spouses: Tricare and the Continued Health Care Benefit Program (CHCBP) SO FAMILY LAW QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 [Camp, William J.] Law Firm Westmoreland Patterson Moseley & Hinson, Warner Robins, GA USA. [Camp, William J.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Camp, WJ (reprint author), Law Firm Westmoreland Patterson Moseley & Hinson, Warner Robins, GA USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BAR ASSOC, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW & REGULATORY PRACTICE SECTION PI CHICAGO PA 321 N CLARK ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0014-729X J9 FAM LAW QUART JI Fam. Law Q. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 227 EP 300 PG 74 WC Family Studies; Law SC Family Studies; Government & Law GA 514OV UT WOS:000271405200002 ER PT J AU Jha, SK Millwater, HR Larsen, JM AF Jha, S. K. Millwater, H. R. Larsen, J. M. TI Probabilistic sensitivity analysis in life-prediction of an alpha plus beta titanium alloy SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE fatigue variability; life prediction; probabilistic sensitivities; score function method; Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION MODELS; VARIABILITY; BEHAVIOR AB Probabilistic sensitivities using the score function method are developed for a lifing analysis of an alpha + beta titanium alloy in a round bar under axial fatigue load. Sensitivities with respect to the statistical inputs of the crack initiation size (a), and Paris crack growth intercept (C) and exponent (m) are developed with consideration of the correlation between C and m. The sensitivities are obtained using a single Monte Carlo sampling analysis and do not involve finite difference approximations. The sensitivities indicate the importance of the random variable input parameters on the mean life and standard deviation of life and can be used as a basis for determining constructive data collection efforts. For this example, the crack growth intercept (C) is the dominant variable that affects mean-life and standard deviation of life, indicating that improved confidence in the results can be obtained most efficiently by improving the statistical characterization of C. C1 [Jha, S. K.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Larsen, J. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Millwater, H. R.] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Jha, SK (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM sushant.jha@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [92ML02COR]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [M978, Q588, P699, S271] FX This work was performed in part by the second author during an ASEE (American Society of Engineering Education-Rick Kempinski, administrator) summer faculty fellowship supported by AFOSR at Wright-Patterson AFB, Materials Directorate, summers 2006 and 2007, under the sponsorship of Dr. James Larsen, AFRL/RXLMN. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 6 BP 493 EP 504 DI 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2009.01352.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 453GL UT WOS:000266598800005 ER PT J AU Badiru, AB Ijaduola, AO AF Badiru, Adedeji B. Ijaduola, Anota O. TI Half-Life Theory of Learning Curves for System Performance Analysis SO IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Half-life; learning curves; system performance ID FORGETTING MODELS; PRODUCTION BREAKS; PRODUCT QUALITY; COST; QUANTITY; REWORKS; PROGRAM AB Learning curves are used extensively in business, science, technology, engineering, and industry to predict system performance over time. Most of the early development and applications have been in the area of production engineering. Over the past several decades, there has been an increasing interest in the behavior of learning curves. This paper introduces the concept of half-life of learning curves as a predictive measure of system performance, which is an intrinsic indicator of the system's resilience. Half-life is the amount of time it takes for a quantity to diminish to half of its original size through natural processes. The common application of half-life is in natural sciences. The longer the half-life of a substance, the more stable it is. Consequently, the more resilient it is. This approach adds another perspective to the large body of literature on learning curves. Derivation of the half-life equations of learning curves can reveal more about the properties of the various curves. This paper presents half-life derivations for some of the classical learning curve models available in the literature. C1 [Badiru, Adedeji B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ijaduola, Anota O.] Monmouth Coll, Dept Phys, Monmouth, IL 61462 USA. RP Badiru, AB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM adedeji.badiru@afit.edu; aijad@monm.edu NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-8184 EI 1937-9234 J9 IEEE SYST J JI IEEE Syst. J. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 154 EP 165 DI 10.1109/JSYST.2009.2017394 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications GA 549CF UT WOS:000274018900003 ER PT J AU Hsu, YH Langhorn, A Ketchen, D Holland, L Minto, D Doll, D AF Hsu, Yen-hwa Langhorn, Alan Ketchen, Donald Holland, Leo Minto, David Doll, David TI Magnetic Levitation Upgrade to the Holloman High Speed Test Track SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Magnetic levitation; superconducting magnet AB Two superconducting magnets, mounted on a rocket sled are propelled by solid fuel rocket motors. During sled motion, the field from the magnets interacts with passive copper rails embedded in a concrete guideway to produce levitation and flight stability. Six flight tests have been successfully conducted to date with the most recent in April 2008 reaching 673 kilometer per hour. The magnets consist of racetrack coils, which are wet lay-up wound with rectangular NbTi wire. They were tested to 245 A with a peak field of 7.5 T and winding current density of 38 kA/cm(2). The coils are bath cooled. A passive valving system prevents loss of liquid during rapid acceleration and deceleration. Boil-off gas cools an aluminum thermal shield and the current leads. In this paper we present the most recent magnet design, static and flight test results. C1 [Hsu, Yen-hwa; Ketchen, Donald; Holland, Leo; Doll, David] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Langhorn, Alan] Startech Inc, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. [Minto, David] USAF, Holloman AFB, NM 88330 USA. RP Hsu, YH (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM yen-hwa.hsu@gat.com FU Department of the US Air Force [F08635-94-C_0016] FX This work was supported by the Department of the US Air Force under Contract F08635-94-C_0016. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2074 EP 2077 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019558 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100231 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Barnes, PN Rodriguez, JP Connors, JA Bulmer, JS AF Levin, George A. Barnes, Paul N. Rodriguez, Jose P. Connors, Jake A. Bulmer, John S. TI Stability and Normal Zone Propagation Speed in YBCO Coated Conductors With Increased Interfacial Resistance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Coated conductors; normal zone; stability ID COMPOSITE SUPERCONDUCTORS; QUENCH PROPAGATION AB We will discuss how stability and speed of normal zone propagation in YBCO-coated conductors is affected by interfacial resistance between the superconducting film and the stabilizer. Our numerical simulation has shown that the increased interfacial resistance substantially increases speed of normal zone propagation and decreases the stability margins. Optimization of the value of the resistance may lead to a better compromise between stability and quench protection requirements than what is found in currently manufactured coated conductors. C1 [Levin, George A.; Barnes, Paul N.; Bulmer, John S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rodriguez, Jose P.] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Connors, Jake A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM george.levin@wpafb.af.mil; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2504 EP 2507 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019604 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100333 ER PT J AU Polak, M Barnes, PN Mozola, P Levin, GA AF Polak, Milan Barnes, Paul N. Mozola, Pavol Levin, George A. TI Critical Current in YBCO Coated Conductors in the Presence of a Macroscopic Defect SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Coated conductors; defects; HTS; YBCO AB We have studied the effects of localized defects in the YBCO coated conductors on the critical current. The artificial defects were introduced into 4, 10 and 12 mm wide tapes as cuts of various lengths made either by laser ablation or mechanical means. Transport measurements were carried out in an external variable magnetic field to obtain the I-V characteristics of the damaged areas. The distribution of the magnetic field in the vicinity of the defects has been mapped as well. The reduction of the critical current by the defects, with and without an external DC magnetic field are discussed and compared with existing theories. A criterion for determining the critical current in the area containing a defect is suggested. C1 [Polak, Milan; Mozola, Pavol] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, SK-84104 Bratislava, Slovakia. [Barnes, Paul N.; Levin, George A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polak, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, SK-84104 Bratislava, Slovakia. EM milan.polak@savba.sk; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory and Office of Scientific Research [FA8655-07-1-3005] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory and Office of Scientific Research, Grant FA8655-07-1-3005. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2921 EP 2924 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019090 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200093 ER PT J AU Varanasi, CV Burke, J Brunke, L Lee, JH Wang, H Barnes, PN AF Varanasi, Chakrapani V. Burke, J. Brunke, L. Lee, J. H. Wang, H. Barnes, Paul N. TI Comparative Study Between Similarly Processed YBa2Cu3O7 Films With or Additions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE BaSnO3; coated conductors; flux pinning; pulsed laser ablation; Y211 ID BASNO3 NANOPARTICLES; DISPERSIONS AB A special YBa2Cu3O7-x(YBCO) target with a thin sector of second phase material, in this case either Y2BaCuO5 (Y211) or BaSnO3 (BSO), was used to deposit YBCO films with non-layered nanoparticles on single crystal LaAlO3 and biaxially textured Ni-5 at.% W substrates buffered with CeO2 and YSZ layers(coated conductors). Although identical processing conditions were used, TEM images indicated that random Y211 nanoparticles in the case of YBCO+Y211, and evenly spaced BSO nanocolumns in the case of YBCO+BSO, form in the YBCO films. While YBCO plane buckling was observed at many places in the case of YBCO+Y211, a high density of stacking faults and dislocations were observed in the case of YBCO+BSO near the BSO columns. In transport critical current density (J(c)) angular dependence measurements, the absence of nanocolumns in YBCO+Y211 films resulted in the absence of a peak at 0 degrees, J(c)(H//c), in J(c) vs. theta plots, as compared to a clear peak at 0 degrees observed in YBCO+BSO films with the nanocolumns. The in-field measurements indicated small low-field J(c) enhancements at 77 K in YBCO+Y211 films but more than an order of magnitude improvement in high-field J(c) in YBCO+BSO films due to the differences in the microstructures. C1 [Varanasi, Chakrapani V.; Burke, J.; Brunke, L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Varanasi, Chakrapani V.; Burke, J.; Brunke, L.; Barnes, Paul N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, J. H.; Wang, H.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Varanasi, CV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM chakrapani.varanasi@wpafb.af.mil; jack.burke@wpafb.af.mil; lyle.brunke@wpafb.af.mil; leej@mail.ece.tamu.edu; wangh@mail.ece.tamu.edu; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3152 EP 3155 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018420 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200148 ER PT J AU Haugan, TJ Baca, FJ Mullins, MJ Pierce, NA Campbell, TA Brewster, EL Barnes, PN Wang, HY Sumption, MD AF Haugan, Timothy J. Baca, F. Javier Mullins, Matthew J. Pierce, Neal A. Campbell, Timothy A. Brewster, Eric L. Barnes, Paul N. Wang, Haiyan Sumption, Michael D. TI Temperature and Magnetic Field Dependence of Critical Current Density of YBCO With Varying Flux Pinning Additions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Critical current density; engineering current density; flux pinning; high temperature superconductor; nanoparticle; YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) ID THIN-FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; MULTILAYER; ENHANCEMENT; DISPERSIONS AB The critical current density (J(c)) of YBa(2)CU(3)O(7-z) films doped with varying flux pinning nanoparticle additions was systematically studied, for applied magnetic fields of H = 0-9 T and operation temperatures T = 20-77 K. Films were prepared with pulsed laser deposition by (M/YBCO)(N) multilayer or (YBCO)(1-x)M(x) single-target methods, for different M phases including Y(2)O(3), Y(2)BaCuO(5) (Y211) green-phase, and BaZrO(3). Very significant differences of J(c) (H //c, 20-77 K) were measured for optimized M phase additions, that are difficult to model or predict at present. Multilayer films with Y211 and Y(2)O(3) nanoparticle additions had the highest J(c) (20-77 K) for H < 4 T, and YBCO+BZO-nanorod samples had the strongest J(c) (H) for H > 4 T and 65-77 K, however not for T < 50 K. Seemingly unusual J(c) (H, T)properties were measured for (BZO/YBCO)(N) multilayer films when compared to YBCO and other doped films; J(c)(H) was almost the same as YBCO at 77 K, however at 30 K J(c)(H > 2T) had the strongest properties increasing 70% compared to YBCO+nanoaddition films and increasing 400% compared to YBCO. C1 [Haugan, Timothy J.; Baca, F. Javier; Mullins, Matthew J.; Pierce, Neal A.; Campbell, Timothy A.; Brewster, Eric L.; Barnes, Paul N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, Haiyan] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sumption, Michael D.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Haugan, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil; francisco.baca@wpafb.af.mil; matthew.mullins@wpafb.af.mil; piercena@notes.udayton.edu; tmcamp999@yahoo.com; eric.brew-ster@wpafb.af.mil; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil; hwang00@neo.tamu.edu; sumption@matsceng.ohio-state.edu RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3270 EP 3274 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018260 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200176 ER PT J AU Sokolovsky, V Meerovich, V Spektor, M Levin, GA Vajda, I AF Sokolovsky, Vladimir Meerovich, Victor Spektor, Marat Levin, George A. Vajda, Istvan TI Losses in Superconductors Under Non-Sinusoidal Currents and Magnetic Fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE AC loss; coated conductors; non-sinusoidal magnetic fields; superconductors AB Study of AC losses in superconducting wires and tapes is usually restricted by consideration of applied sinusoidal currents and/or magnetic fields. However, currents in electric power systems contain a wide variety of harmonics. The currents become strongly non-sinusoidal at the operation of converters, non-linear reactors, and during transient and overload conditions. We report the results of the analysis of the influence of higher harmonics of the current and magnetic field on AC losses in superconducting slabs, strips and coated conductors. Analytical expressions are obtained in the framework of Bean's critical state model; the power law voltage-current characteristics are treated numerically. It is shown that the contribution of higher harmonics to AC losses in superconducting elements can be tens times larger than in normal metals and the 5% harmonic can increases the losses by up to 20%. C1 [Sokolovsky, Vladimir; Meerovich, Victor; Spektor, Marat] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Levin, George A.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vajda, Istvan] Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Elect Power Engn, H-111 Budapest, Hungary. RP Sokolovsky, V (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM sokolovv@bgumail.bgu.ac.il; victorm@bgu.ac.il; marats@bgu.ac.il; George.Levin@WPAFB.AF.MIL; vajda@supertech.vgt.bme.hu RI Vajda, Istvan/K-7500-2013; SOKOLOVSKY, VLADIMIR/F-2239-2012; MEEROVICH, VICTOR/F-2214-2012 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3344 EP 3347 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019206 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200194 ER PT J AU Baca, FJ Emergo, RL Wu, JZ Haugan, TJ Reichart, JN Barnes, PN AF Baca, F. Javier Emergo, Rose Lyn Wu, Judy Z. Haugan, Timothy J. Reichart, Joshua N. Barnes, Paul N. TI Microstructural Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7-x Films With BaZrO3 Nanorods Grown on Vicinal SrTiO3 Substrates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE BZO; HTS; microstructure; vicinal substrate; YBCO ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SELF-ASSEMBLED NANODOTS; COATED CONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; CURRENT DENSITIES; YBCO FILMS; DEFECTS; NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT AB When grown on miscut SrTiO3 substrates, significant microstructural changes are observed in BaZrO3 -doped YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films when compared to those on non-vicinal substrates. Scanning Electron Microscopy indicates a surface morphology strongly influenced by the vicinal angle, and an accumulation of BaZrO3 particles is observed near the step edges. Cross-sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy reveals that while the columnar formations of BaZrO3 rods typically seen on non- vicinal substrates are present, a significant increase in planar defects in a 10 degrees vicinal film are observed. The effects observed with increasing miscut angle indicate that the modulated surface provided by the vicinal substrate influences the crystalline quality of the YBCO matrix and BZO columnar formation through the thickness of the film. C1 [Baca, F. Javier; Haugan, Timothy J.; Barnes, Paul N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baca, F. Javier; Emergo, Rose Lyn; Wu, Judy Z.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Baca, FJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM francisco.baca@wpafb.af.mil; remergo@ku.edu; jwu@ku.edu; timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil; paul.barnes@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory and Office of Scientific Research. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3371 EP 3374 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017908 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200200 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Fan, HW Kuo, SP Chang, JH Pedersen, T Mills, TJ Huang, CC AF Chen, Cheng-Yen Fan, Hsin-Wen Kuo, Spencer P. Chang, Jenghwa Pedersen, Todd Mills, Travis J. Huang, Cheng-Chiu TI Blood Clotting by Low-Temperature Air Plasma SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atomic-oxygen generation; blood coagulation; emission spectroscopy; plasma torch ID DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PLASMA; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PLATELET-FUNCTION; MICROWAVE PLASMA; CLINICAL-APPLICATIONS; BACTERIAL-SPORES; DECONTAMINATION; COAGULATION; STERILIZATION AB In this paper, the feasibility and effectiveness of using an air-plasma torch to clot blood are studied. The emission spectroscopy and temperature measurement of the torch show that the torch produces abundant atomic oxygen in the plasma effluent. Anticoagulated whole-blood samples (10 mu l) were tested for two cases: 1) sample exposed to the plasma effluent and 2) sample exposed to a heated airflow; in both cases, the increase of the sample temperature was controlled to be about the same. No indication of blood coagulation was observed in the second case; on the other hand, in the first case when the blood sample was exposed directly to the plasma effluent, a shell was formed on the surface of the blood sample. The experimental results demonstrated that this plasma torch could clot a blood sample via a nonthermal mechanism. The dependence of the degree of blood clotting on the atomic-oxygen flux was demonstrated by varying the exposure distance. Experimental results also showed that blood coagulation was seen in the treated platelet-rich plasma sample but not in the treated platelet-poor plasma sample. Moreover, plasma treatment with multiple short exposures was shown as more effective in clotting blood than that of applying a continuous exposure with the same total exposure time. C1 [Chen, Cheng-Yen; Fan, Hsin-Wen; Kuo, Spencer P.] Polytech Inst New York Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Chang, Jenghwa] NYU, Langone Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Pedersen, Todd; Mills, Travis J.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RVBXI, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Huang, Cheng-Chiu] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Polytech Inst New York Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM cchen26@students.poly.edu; p.sirene@gmail.com; skuo@duke.poly.edu; Jenghwa.Chang@nyumc.org; Todd.Pedersen@hanscom.af.mil; Travis.Mills@hanscom.af.mil; ch147987@bcm.tmc.edu FU Advemix Technologies Inc.; AFOSR [2311AS] FX The authors would like to thank Prof. R. R. Behringer, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, for suggesting the procedure used for the blood-coagulation experiments and for valuable discussions. They would also like to thank Dr. S. Gong, Rockefeller University, for her technical support of the blood-coagulation experiment and insightful discussion on the experimental results. They would also like to thank A. Betti for fabricating the torch device. Measurements at AFRL were supported by AFOSR task 2311AS. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 6 BP 993 EP 999 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2016344 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 456UW UT WOS:000266877900039 ER PT J AU Martin, RK Velotta, JS Raquet, JF AF Martin, Richard K. Velotta, Jamie S. Raquet, John F. TI Bandwidth Efficient Cooperative TDOA Computation for Multicarrier Signals of Opportunity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Multicarrier; navigation; orthogonal frequency division multiplexing; source localization ID CDMA-CELLULAR-SYSTEMS; OFDM SYSTEMS; FREQUENCY; LOCATION; SYNCHRONIZATION; LOCALIZATION AB Source localization, the problem of determining the physical location of an acoustic or wireless emitter, is commonly encountered in sensor networks which are attempting to locate and track an emitter. Similarly, in navigation systems that do not rely on the global positioning system (GPS), "signals of opportunity" (existing wireless infrastructure) can be used as ad hoc navigation beacons, and the goal is to determine their location relative to a receiver and thus deduce the receiver's position. These two research problems have a very similar mathematical structure. Specifically, in either the source localization or navigation problem, one common approach relies on time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements to multiple sensors. In this paper, we investigate a bandwidth efficient method of TDOA computation when the signals of opportunity use multicarrier modulation. By exploiting the structure of the multicarrier transmission, much less information needs to be exchanged between sensors compared to the standard cross correlation approach. Analytic and simulation results quantify the performance of the proposed algorithm as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the bandwidth between the sensors. C1 [Martin, Richard K.; Raquet, John F.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu; jsvelotta@hotmail.com; john.raquet@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Labs; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded in part by the Air Force Research Labs, Sensors Directorate; and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This document has been approved. for public release; distribution unlimited. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 6 BP 2311 EP 2322 DI 10.1109/TSP.2009.2014813 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 449LX UT WOS:000266333200022 ER PT J AU Knighton, WB Fortner, EC Midey, AJ Viggiano, AA Herndon, SC Wood, EC Kolb, CE AF Knighton, W. B. Fortner, E. C. Midey, Anthony J. Viggiano, A. A. Herndon, S. C. Wood, E. C. Kolb, C. E. TI HCN detection with a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE HCN; PTR-MS; SIFT; Proton transfer; Chemical ionization ID HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; PTR-MS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TECHNICAL NOTE; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; KINETIC-ENERGY; MOTOR-VEHICLES; RATE CONSTANTS; CLUSTER IONS AB Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is a promising technique for making rapid, sensitive measurements of HCN in the atmosphere. However, because the proton affinity of HCN is only slightly greater than that of water, the reverse proton transfer reaction of protonated HCN with water is important and the PTR-MS response to HCN is temperature and humidity dependent. The instrument response of a PTR-MS was calibrated at a variety of HCN mixing ratios, temperatures and relative humidities. A simple model with a kinetic and thermodynamic basis was developed to fit these results and accurately accounted for the temperature and humidity dependence of these measurements. Reaction rate coefficients were determined using a selected ion flow tube mass spectrometer (SIFT). Changes in sensitivity due to variations in temperature and humidity were simply and accurately corrected for using measurable parameters, including the H3O+(H2O) to H3O+ ratio as a measure of the water vapor concentration along with an empirically determined temperature and pressure correction factor. This calibration procedure should be applicable to the quantification of other compounds possessing proton affinities similar to that of HCN such as formaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide. The technique was applied during a two-week ambient measurement period. Analysis of that data suggests that ethene is a spectral interferent. The ethene interference arises due to the presence of O-2(+), which is generated as an unwanted by product as a result of using a low-pressure hollow cathode discharge as an external ion source. O-2(+) reacts with ethene via charge transfer reaction to form C2H4+, which has the same mass-to-charge ratio as protonated HCN. The magnitude of the ethene interference is estimated at 0.1 ppbv HCN equivalent per ppbv of ethene. The ethene interference can be controlled through reducing or eliminating the amount of O-2(+). HCN concentrations deduced from the ambient measurements after correction for the ethene interference appear reasonable and provide evidence that PTR-MS instruments can be employed for the measurement of HCN. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Knighton, W. B.; Fortner, E. C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Midey, Anthony J.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Midey, Anthony J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Herndon, S. C.; Wood, E. C.; Kolb, C. E.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Knighton, WB (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM bknighton@chemistry.montana.edu RI Kolb, Charles/A-8596-2009 FU United States Air Force of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2303EP4, FA8718-04-C-0006]; US Department of Energy Atmospheric Sciences Program [DE-FG02-05ER62982]; National Science Foundation [0242922] FX We thank and acknowledge Ted Christian and Robert Yokelson at University of Montana for their assistance in validating the concentration of our HCN standard and for their help in preparing this work for publication. We gratefully acknowledge Don Hunton for his helpful discussions. A.A.V. and AJ.M. are supported by the United States Air Force of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Project No. 2303EP4. AJ.M. is supported under contract No. FA8718-04-C-0006 to Boston College. W.B.K, S.C.H, E.CW and C.E.K were supported by the US Department of Energy Atmospheric Sciences Program under Contract No. DE-FG02-05ER62982. W.B.K and E.C.F were supported by National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0242922. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 283 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2009.02.013 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 455ZY UT WOS:000266808800017 ER PT J AU Mann, RW Manabe, J Byrd, JE AF Mann, Robert W. Manabe, Jiro Byrd, John E. TI Relationship of the Parietal Foramen and Complexity of the Human Sagittal Suture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sagittal suture; Complexity; Parietal foramen; Age ID CRANIAL SUTURES; ADULT MALES; ECTOCRANIAL CLOSURE; FRACTAL ANALYSIS; WORMIAN BONES; SKELETAL AGE; WHITE STOCK; NEGRO STOCK; STRAIN; PROGRESS AB The purpose of this paper is to report on the relationship between the parietal foramen and complexity of the human sagittal suture. Examination of 110 Japanese human skulls (males=67, females=43) with at least one parietal foramen revealed that the sagittal suture in the area of the Obelion was the simplest portion (i.e., fewest interdigitations and shortest length) of the suture (paired ttest, P<0.0005), when compared to the outstretched suture length of three established sections: 1. Parietal foramen section (P); 2. Anterior to section P (B); and 3. Posterior to section P (L). Sutural complexity was also compared between individuals with unilateral foramen (n=48) and bilateral foramina (n=62) to see if there was a statistically significant difference. The results revealed a slight difference in section P (ANOVA Bonferroni, P<0.05), denoting that the sagittal suture at the Obelion in individuals with unilateral parietal foramen is more complex than in individuals with bilateral foramina. While no difference in sex was noted, this simplicity in part likely reflects redirected bone stresses around a circular opening resulting in reduced tensile stresses and increased compressive stresses adjacent to the parietal foramen. This phenomenon warrants additional research and has implications for bone biomechanics and development of the cranial sutures. C1 [Mann, Robert W.; Manabe, Jiro; Byrd, John E.] JPAC, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Manabe, J (reprint author), JPAC, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM jiro.manabe@jpac.pacom.mil NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC CHILENA ANATOMIA PI TEMUCO PA CASILLA 54-D, TEMUCO, 00000, CHILE J9 INT J MORPHOL JI Int. J. Morphol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 553 EP 564 PG 12 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 518AJ UT WOS:000271660700037 ER PT J AU Smith, GL Smith, BD Buchholz, TA Liao, Z Jeter, M Swisher, SG Hofstetter, WL Ajani, JA McAleer, MF Komaki, R Cox, JD AF Smith, Grace L. Smith, Benjamin D. Buchholz, Thomas A. Liao, Zhongxing Jeter, Melenda Swisher, Stephen G. Hofstetter, Wayne L. Ajani, Jaffer A. McAleer, Mary F. Komaki, Ritsuko Cox, James D. TI PATTERNS OF CARE AND LOCOREGIONAL TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN OLDER ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS: THE SEER-MEDICARE COHORT SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Esophageal cancer; Radiotherapy; Surgery; Trimodality therapy; Survival ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; PHASE-III TRIAL; RECEIVING RADIATION-THERAPY; PREOPERATIVE CHEMORADIATION; NATIONAL PRACTICE; ELDERLY-PATIENTS; SURGERY; CHEMOTHERAPY; CHEMORADIOTHERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY AB Purpose: optimal management of elderly patients with nonmetastatic esophageal cancer is unclear. Outcomes data after locoregional treatment are lacking for this group. Methods: We assessed outcomes associated with standard locoregional treatments in 2,626 patients (age > 65 years) from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare cohort diagnosed with nonmetastatic esophageal cancer from 1992 to 2002. In patients treated with radiotherapy alone (RT), surgery alone (S), chemoradiotherapy (CRT), or preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery (CRT + S), overall and disease-free survival were compared using proportional hazards regression. Postoperative complications were compared using logistic regression. Results: Mean age was 76 6 years. Seven percent underwent CRT + S, 39% CRT, 30% S, and 24% RT. One-year survival was 68% (CRT + S), 52% (CRT), 53% (S), and 16% (RT), respectively (p < 0.001). Patients who underwent CRT + S demonstrated improved overall survival compared with S alone (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.81; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.98; p = 0.03) and RT (HR = 0.44; 95 % CI, 0.35-0.55; p < 0.0001); and comparable survival to CRT (HR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67-1.01; p = 0.06). Patients who underwent CRT + S also had comparable postoperative mortality (HR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.87-1.07; p = 0.45) and complications (OR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.70-1.14; p = 0.36) compared with S alone. Conclusions: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy may be an acceptable treatment option in appropriately selected older esophageal cancer patients. This treatment modality did not appear to increase surgical complications and offered potential therapeutic benefit, particularly compared with surgery alone. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. C1 [Smith, Grace L.; Smith, Benjamin D.; Buchholz, Thomas A.; Liao, Zhongxing; Jeter, Melenda; McAleer, Mary F.; Komaki, Ritsuko; Cox, James D.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Swisher, Stephen G.; Hofstetter, Wayne L.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Thorac & Cardiovasc Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ajani, Jaffer A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gastrointestinal Med Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Cox, JD (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Unit 97, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jcox@mdanderson.org OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 74 IS 2 BP 482 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.08.046 PG 8 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 445NQ UT WOS:000266057900025 PM 19289262 ER PT J AU Jefferson, G Parthasarathy, TA Kerans, RJ AF Jefferson, George Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Kerans, Ronald J. TI Tailorable thermal expansion hybrid structures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Tailorable thermal expansion; Composite structures; Bounds methods; Thermoelasticity; Finite element analysis; Parametric design ID COMPOSITE MATERIALS; DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION; COEFFICIENTS AB A design concept is presented for a macro or microstructure that combines materials with differing thermal expansion to achieve an overall effective expansion that differs substantially from either of the constituents. Near-zero-CTE and isotropic negative expansion designs are achieved by creating compliant structures where overall expansion is compensated by internal bending deformation. Such structures have application where dimensional stability is required when subject to large thermal gradients, e. g. space mirrors. In this paper, we present closed form analytic expressions for prediction of the effective expansion, and consequent internal stressing, of the structure, as well as several finite element simulations that demonstrate the design performance under non-uniform thermal load. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jefferson, George; Kerans, Ronald J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Jefferson, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM george.jefferson@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 FU DARPA; USAF [FA8650-04-D-5233] FX The authors acknowledge the useful contributions and suggestions by Dr. W. Coblenz (DARPA/DSO), Dr. K. Buesking (MR& D) and Dr. D. B. Marshall (RSC) throughout the course of this work. This work was supported in part by DARPA and in part by USAF Contract No. FA8650-04-D-5233. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 46 IS 11-12 BP 2372 EP 2387 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.01.023 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 445IX UT WOS:000266045600012 ER PT J AU Saxena, H Peale, RE Buchwald, WR AF Saxena, H. Peale, R. E. Buchwald, W. R. TI Tunable two-dimensional plasmon resonances in an InGaAs/InP high electron mobility transistor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; TERAHERTZ RADIATION; EFFECTIVE-MASS; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB Voltage-tunable plasmon resonances in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) fabricated from the InGaAs/InP materials system are reported. The device was fabricated from a commercial HEMT wafer by depositing source and drain contacts using standard photolithography and a semitransparent gate contact that consisted of a 0.5 mu m period transmission grating formed by electron-beam lithography. Narrow-band resonant absorption of terahertz radiation was observed in transmission in the frequency range of 10-50 cm(-1). The resonance frequency depends on the gate-tuned sheet charge density of the 2DEG. The observed separation of resonance fundamental from its harmonics and their shift with gate bias are compared with theory. (c) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3129319] C1 [Saxena, H.; Peale, R. E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Buchwald, W. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Saxena, H (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM rep@physics.ucf.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Tasks [06SN05COR, 92SN06COR]; AFRL [FA871807C0036] FX The authors of this work would like to acknowledge funding for this work from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Tasks under Grant Nos. 06SN05COR and 92SN06COR. R. E. P. and H. S. acknowledge AFRL Contract No. FA871807C0036. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 11 AR 113101 DI 10.1063/1.3129319 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 458VG UT WOS:000267053200001 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Elhamri, S Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC AF Szmulowicz, F. Elhamri, S. Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Mitchel, W. C. TI Carrier mobility as a function of carrier density in type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices (vol 105, 074303, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction DE carrier density; carrier mobility; gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; indium compounds; semiconductor superlattices C1 [Szmulowicz, F.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Haugan, H. J.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Brown, G. J.; Mitchel, W. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Frank.Szmulowicz@wpafb.af.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 11 AR 119901 DI 10.1063/1.3137201 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 458VG UT WOS:000267053200181 ER PT J AU Streltsov, A Mishin, E Joyce, G AF Streltsov, Anatoly Mishin, Evgeny Joyce, Glenn TI Nonlinear interaction of broadband whistler waves with energetic electrons SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Secondary VLF emissions; Nonlinear whistler wave-electron interaction; Broadband wave packet ID TRIGGERED VLF EMISSIONS; RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; SELF-CONSISTENT THEORY; PLASMA; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATION; PACKET; CHORUS AB We study nonlinear interaction between whistler-mode waves and energetic electrons by self-consistent simulation model in a homogeneous magnetic field. Unlike most previous simulations, the model accounts for a wideband wave spectrum to study the effect of the initial pump wave on the generation of whistlers by a weakly unstable background distribution. When the pump/trigger wave lies in the linearly unstable range, neighboring (secondary) waves grow significantly faster than in the linear regime. That is, the Pump wave facilitates the initial growth of secondary waves, thereby shortening the transition into the nonlinear regime. The initial wave-particle dynamics is explained by the formation of sharp gradients in velocity space inside the trapping region of the pump wave, facilitating the generation of broadband secondary waves. This is consistent with the widening of the amplified very-low-frequency (VLF) signal near the magnetic equator just before triggering. The pump amplitude starts to increase when the neighboring harmonics become strong enough to cause electron trapping. The saturated amplitudes, which are >= 10 dB above the initial Pump amplitude, are virtually independent of the latter. The resulting wave spectra consist Of Multiple peaks. The fact that the peaks are not a numerical artifact is demonstrated by additional simulations with different numbers of grid cells and hot particles per cell. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mishin, Evgeny] USAF, Space Vehicle Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Streltsov, Anatoly] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Joyce, Glenn] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mishin, E (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicle Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM streltsov@dartmouth.edu; evgeny.mishin@hanscom.af.mil; glenn.joyce@nrl.navy.mil FU ONR MURI Award [528828]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AFRL [FA8718-08-C-0012] FX The authors thank Dennis Papadopoulous, Wally Mantheimer, and Umran Inan for fruitful discussions of whistler excitation in the Earth's radiation belt. This research was carried out under ONR MURI Award 528828 to the University of Maryland, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and AFRL Contract FA8718-08-C-0012 to Boston College where EVM was employed at the beginning of this work. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 71 IS 8-9 BP 897 EP 904 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.02.007 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 465HE UT WOS:000267572600013 ER PT J AU Shivaraman, S Chandrashekhar, MVS Boeckl, JJ Spencer, MG AF Shivaraman, Shriram Chandrashekhar, M. V. S. Boeckl, John J. Spencer, Michael G. TI Thickness Estimation of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC Using Attenuation of Substrate Raman Intensity SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN, 2008 CL Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ Calif Santa Barbara DE Graphene; thickness estimation; Raman intensity; mapping ID GRAPHITE; GAS; SCATTERING; CARBON; FILMS AB A simple, noninvasive method using Raman spectroscopy for the estimation of the thickness of graphene layers grown epitaxially on silicon carbide (SiC) is presented, enabling simultaneous determination of thickness, grain size, and disorder using the spectra. The attenuation of the substrate Raman signal due to the graphene overlayer is found to be dependent on the graphene film thickness deduced from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the surfaces. We explain this dependence using an absorbing overlayer model. This method can be used for mapping graphene thickness over a region and is capable of estimating thickness of multilayer graphene films beyond that possible by XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). C1 [Shivaraman, Shriram; Chandrashekhar, M. V. S.; Spencer, Michael G.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Boeckl, John J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shivaraman, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ss626@cornell.edu RI Shivaraman, Shriram/C-3157-2011 NR 25 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 725 EP 730 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-0803-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 458NU UT WOS:000267031600003 ER PT J AU Lu, WJ Mitchel, WC Boeckl, JJ Crenshaw, TR Collins, WE Chang, RPH Feldman, LC AF Lu, Weijie Mitchel, W. C. Boeckl, J. J. Crenshaw, Tiffany R. Collins, W. E. Chang, R. P. H. Feldman, L. C. TI Growth of Graphene-Like Structures on an Oxidized SiC Surface SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN, 2008 CL Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ Calif Santa Barbara DE Graphene growth; carbon nanotubes; SiC; surface structures ID CARBON NANOTUBE FILMS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SIC(0001); DECOMPOSITION; GRAPHITE; MICROSCOPY; WAFERS AB Graphene-like structures were formed on an oxidized SiC (0001) surface following thermal annealing in a vacuum at high temperatures. The SiO2/SiC structure was annealed at 1350A degrees C in 10(-5) Torr; the SiO2 layer was vaporized, and two layer graphene-like structures were formed on the SiC surface. This method of fabricating graphene did not require an ultra-high vacuum. In the absence of the oxide layer, a film of vertical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was grown on the SiC surface in the same temperature range at 10(-5) Torr. C1 [Lu, Weijie] Fisk Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Lu, Weijie; Crenshaw, Tiffany R.; Collins, W. E.] Fisk Univ, Ctr Phys & Chem Mat, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Mitchel, W. C.; Boeckl, J. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crenshaw, Tiffany R.; Collins, W. E.] Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Chang, R. P. H.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Feldman, L. C.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Adv Mat Devices & Nanotechnol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Feldman, L. C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Lu, WJ (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM wlu@fisk.edu RI Chang, R.P.H/B-7505-2009 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-0715-5 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 458NU UT WOS:000267031600004 ER PT J AU Houston, S Brown, GJ Murray, T Fairchild, S Eyink, K Smetana, A AF Houston, S. Brown, G. J. Murray, T. Fairchild, S. Eyink, K. Smetana, A. TI Growth and Characterization of Carbon Nanopearls on a Si Substrate by CVD Process SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN, 2008 CL Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ Calif Santa Barbara DE Carbon nanopearls; carbon nanotubes; scanning electron microscopy; atomic force microscopy; spectroscopic ellipsometry ID NANOTUBES AB Carbon nanopearls have been found to form on a Si substrate when grown at 850A degrees C, using the chemical vapor deposition process (CVD). An acetylene carbon source and a Ni catalyst are the main ingredients for this procedure. The nickel was prepared and deposited on the substrate in two ways: (1) sonication and dispersion in a methanol solution, and (2) reduction of size via a reverse-micelle technique with a supercritical fluid deposition technique. The resulting carbon nanopearls were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). These tools enabled us to observe the structure, size, and absorption. Characterization of the carbon nanopearls is imperative for understanding of the structure and properties of these nanomaterials. C1 [Houston, S.; Brown, G. J.; Fairchild, S.; Eyink, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smetana, A.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Murray, T.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Houston, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shanee.houston@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 737 EP 741 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-0713-7 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 458NU UT WOS:000267031600005 ER PT J AU Fickus, M AF Fickus, Matthew TI Maximally Equiangular Frames and Gauss Sums SO JOURNAL OF FOURIER ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Frames; Equiangular; SIC-POVM; Gauss sums ID QUANTUM MEASUREMENTS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM AB In a finite-dimensional complex Euclidean space, a maximally equiangular frame is a tight frame which has a number of elements equal to the square of the dimension of the space, and in which the inner products of distinct elements are of constant magnitude. Though the general question of their existence remains open, many examples of maximally equiangular frames have been constructed as finite Gabor systems. These constructions involve number theory, specifically Schaar's identity, which provides a reciprocity formula for quadratic Gauss sums. To be precise, Zauner used Schaar's identity to compute the spectrum of a chirp-Fourier operator, the eigenvectors of which he conjectured to be well-suited for the construction of maximally equiangular Gabor frames. We provide two new characterizations of such frames, both of which further confirm the relevance of the theory of Gauss sums to this area of frame theory. We also show how the unique time-frequency properties of a particular cyclic chirp function may be exploited to provide a new, short and elementary proof of Schaar's identity. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Fickus@afit.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1069-5869 J9 J FOURIER ANAL APPL JI J. Fourier Anal. Appl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 413 EP 427 DI 10.1007/s00041-009-9064-2 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 459MK UT WOS:000267106700006 ER PT J AU Intrator, TP Wurden, GA Sieck, PE Waganaar, WJ Dorf, L Kostora, M Cortez, RJ Degnan, JH Ruden, EL Domonkos, M Adamson, P Grabowski, C Gale, DG Kostora, M Sommars, W Frese, M Frese, S Camacho, JF Parks, P Siemon, RE Awe, T Lynn, AG Gribble, R AF Intrator, T. P. Wurden, G. A. Sieck, P. E. Waganaar, W. J. Dorf, L. Kostora, M. Cortez, R. J. Degnan, J. H. Ruden, E. L. Domonkos, M. Adamson, P. Grabowski, C. Gale, D. G. Kostora, M. Sommars, W. Frese, M. Frese, S. Camacho, J. F. Parks, P. Siemon, R. E. Awe, T. Lynn, A. G. Gribble, R. TI Field Reversed Configuration Translation and the Magnetized Target Fusion Collaboration SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article CT Innovative Confinement Concepts Workshop CY 2008 CL Univ Reno, Reno, NV HO Univ Reno DE Magnetized target fusion; Field reversed configuration; Fusion energy; High energy density plasma ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; CYLINDRICAL GEOMETRY; COMPACT TOROIDS; LINER; FUEL AB After considerable design and construction, we describe the status of a physics exploration of magnetized target fusion (MTF) that will be carried out with the first flux conserving compression of a high pressure field-reversed configuration (FRC). The upgraded Los Alamos (LANL) high density FRC experiment FRXL has demonstrated that an appropriate FRC plasma target can be created and translated on a time scale fast enough to be useful for MTF. Compression to kilovolt temperature is expected to form a Mbar pressure, high energy density laboratory plasma (HEDLP). Integrated hardware on the new Field Reversed Compression and Heating Experiment (FRCHX) at the Air Force Research Laboratory Shiva Star facility, has formed initial FRC's and will radially compress them within a cylindrically symmetric aluminum "liner". FRXL has shown that time scales for FRC translation to the target region are significantly shorter than the typical FRC lifetime. The hardware, diagnostics, and design rationales are presented. Pre-compression plasma formation and trapping experimental data from FRXL and FRCHX are shown. C1 [Intrator, T. P.; Wurden, G. A.; Sieck, P. E.; Waganaar, W. J.; Dorf, L.; Kostora, M.; Cortez, R. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Degnan, J. H.; Ruden, E. L.; Domonkos, M.; Adamson, P.] AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Grabowski, C.; Gale, D. G.; Kostora, M.; Sommars, W.] SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Frese, M.; Frese, S.; Camacho, J. F.] NumerEx, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Parks, P.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Siemon, R. E.; Awe, T.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lynn, A. G.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Gribble, R.] Gribble Consulting, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Intrator, TP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM intrator@lanl.gov RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s10894-008-9180-z PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 431DT UT WOS:000265042200007 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Bennett, MD Tamirisakandala, S Miracle, DB Yu, KO Sun, FS AF Srinivasan, Raghavan Bennett, Mats D. Tamirisakandala, Seshacharyulu Miracle, Daniel B. Yu, Kuang-O (Oscar) Sun, Fusheng TI Rolling of Plates and Sheets from As-Cast Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE mechanical testing; rolling; titanium ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; BORON ADDITION; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES; MMCS AB Trace boron addition (similar to 0.1 wt.%) to conventional titanium alloys reduces the as-cast prior-beta grain size by an order of magnitude to about 200 mu m, a grain size typically observed after ingot breakdown. In this study, the feasibility of producing plate and sheet by hot rolling of as-cast Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B (wt.%) was evaluated. Starting from an initial thickness of 25 mm, as-cast Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B was successfully rolled to 2 mm sheet in a multistep rolling process. As-cast Ti-6Al-4V (without boron addition) rolled under similar conditions exhibited severe cracking. Tensile properties of the sheets and plates made from the boron-containing alloy met or exceeded AMS 4911 specifications for Ti-6Al-4V plates and sheets produced by conventional processing route. The process of making plate and sheet stock from cast titanium alloy ingots, without recourse to expensive ingot breakdown, can significantly reduce the number of expensive and time-consuming processing steps for making titanium alloy components, thereby enhancing the affordability and expanding the range of titanium applications. C1 [Srinivasan, Raghavan; Bennett, Mats D.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Tamirisakandala, Seshacharyulu] FMW Composite Syst Inc, Bridgeport, WV 26330 USA. [Miracle, Daniel B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yu, Kuang-O (Oscar); Sun, Fusheng] RTI Int, Niles, OH 44446 USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Wright State Univ, 3640 Col Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM raghavan.srinivasan@wright.edu FU Edison Materials Technology Center (EMTEC), Kettering, Ohio [CT-86] FX This work was partially funded by the Edison Materials Technology Center (EMTEC), Kettering, Ohio, through Core Technology Project CT-86. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 390 EP 398 DI 10.1007/s11665-008-9307-4 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 445GQ UT WOS:000266038900008 ER PT J AU Powell, CA Bannister, SR Mackey, SA Maller, SC McDonnell, HT Deas, DE AF Powell, Charles A. Bannister, Sharon R. Mackey, Scott A. Maller, Steven C. McDonnell, Howard T. Deas, David E. TI Periodontal Wound Healing With and Without Platelet-Rich Plasma: Histologic Observations and Assessment of Flap Tensile Strength SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Disease models, animal; growth differentiation factors; platelet-rich plasma; wound healing ID TRANSFORMING-GROWTH-FACTOR; INTRA-BONY DEFECTS; CELLS IN-VITRO; TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE; DENTAL IMPLANTS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; FACTOR-BETA; FIBROBLASTS; COMBINATION; MINIPIGS AB Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been promoted as a surgical adjunct to enhance hard and soft tissue wound healing. Although anecdotally reported to be of value, the results of controlled studies examining the added effects of PRP on surgical procedures have been mixed. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of PRP on flap strength at various post-surgical time points in a minipig animal model. Methods: Twelve Yucatan minipigs provided four sites per animal. PRP was prepared from each animal at the time of surgery. Following reflection of a mucoperiosteal flap in each quadrant, subgingival plaque and calculus were removed. Each surgical site was irrigated with sterile saline; prior to suturing, one randomly selected test quadrant in each arch was treated with PRP. Four animals were euthanized at day 14, and two animals were euthanized at 2, 7, 10, and 28 days. The flap strength in each quadrant was tested by attaching to a loop of 3-0 silk suture through the tissue; the force required to separate the flap from the tooth/bone interface was recorded for each site. A separate portion of each flap site was prepared for descriptive histologic examination, including inflammation, hemorrhage, and new bone growth. Results: Flap strength was significantly less on day 2 compared to later time points, and there were no significant differences between the test and control groups. No histologic differences in healing between test and control sites were seen at any time point. Conclusions: PRP did not seem to contribute to greater flap strength at any post-surgical time point, nor was it associated with any histologic differences in wound healing in this Yucatan minipig model. The time points chosen for observation post-surgery, as well as the variability in the PRP platelet count, may have contributed to the lack of positive findings in this study. J Periodontol 2009;80:985-992. C1 [Powell, Charles A.; Mackey, Scott A.; Maller, Steven C.; McDonnell, Howard T.; Deas, David E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Bannister, Sharon R.] Natl Def Univ, Washington, DC 20319 USA. RP Mackey, SA (reprint author), 2450 Pepperrell St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM scott.mackey@lackland.af.mil NR 36 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 80 IS 6 BP 985 EP 992 DI 10.1902/jop.2009.080626 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 457AJ UT WOS:000266896600017 PM 19485830 ER PT J AU McClung, AJW Ruggles-Wrenn, MB AF McClung, A. J. W. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. TI Strain Rate Dependence and Short-Term Relaxation Behavior of a Thermoset Polymer at Elevated Temperature: Experiment and Modeling SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 27-31, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div DE deformation; polymers; stress relaxation; stress-strain relations; tensile strength; viscoplasticity ID DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; MATRIX COMPOSITES; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; OVERSTRESS AB The inelastic deformation behavior of polymerization of monomeric reactants-15 (PMR-15) neat resin, a high-temperature thermoset polymer, was investigated at 288 degrees C. The experimental program was designed to explore the influence of strain rate changes in the 10(-6)-10(-3) s(-1) range on tensile loading, unloading, and strain recovery behavior, as well as on the relaxation response of the material. The material exhibits positive, nonlinear strain rate sensitivity in monotonic loading. Nonlinear, "curved" stress-strain behavior during unloading is observed at all strain rates. The strain recovery at zero stress is profoundly affected by prior strain rate. The prior strain rate is also found to have a strong influence on relaxation behavior. The rest stresses measured at the termination of relaxation tests form the relaxation boundary, which resembles a nonlinear stress-strain curve. The results suggest that the inelastic behavior of the PMR-15 solid polymer at 288 degrees C can be represented using a unified constitutive model with an overstress dependence of the inelastic rate of deformation. The experimental data are modeled with the viscoplasticity theory based on overstress. A systematic procedure for determining model parameters is presented and the model is employed to predict the response of the material under various test histories. C1 [McClung, A. J. W.; Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3 AR 031405 DI 10.1115/1.3110025 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 441RT UT WOS:000265788900024 ER PT J AU Brungart, DS Chang, PS Simpson, BD Wang, DL AF Brungart, Douglas S. Chang, Peter S. Simpson, Brian D. Wang, DeLiang TI Multitalker speech perception with ideal time-frequency segregation: Effects of voice characteristics and number of talkers SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL SEPARATION; ENERGETIC MASKING; INFORMATIONAL MASKING; NOISE; IDENTIFICATION; RECOGNITION; RECEPTION; HEARING; MASKERS AB When a target voice is masked by an increasingly similar masker voice, increases in energetic masking are likely to occur due to increased spectro-temporal overlap in the competing speech waveforms. However, the impact of this increase may be obscured by informational masking effects related to the increased confusability of the target and masking utterances. In this study, the effects of target-masker similarity and the number of competing talkers on the energetic component of speech-on-speech masking were measured with an ideal time-frequency segregation (ITFS) technique that retained all the target-dominated time-frequency regions of a multitalker mixture but eliminated all the time-frequency regions dominated by the maskers. The results show that target-masker similarity has a small but systematic impact on energetic masking, with roughly a 1 dB release from masking for same-sex maskers versus same-talker maskers and roughly an additional 1 dB release from masking for different-sex masking voices. The results of a second experiment measuring ITFS performance with up to 18 interfering talkers indicate that energetic masking increased systematically with the number of competing talkers. These results suggest that energetic masking differences related to target-masker similarity have a much smaller impact on multitalker listening performance than energetic masking effects related to the number of competing talkers in the stimulus and non-energetic masking effects related to the confusability of the target and masking voices. (C) 2009 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3117686] C1 [Brungart, Douglas S.; Simpson, Brian D.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chang, Peter S.; Wang, DeLiang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wang, DeLiang] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cognit Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Brungart, DS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM douglas.brungart@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL; AFOSR [LRIR HE-01-COR-01] FX This research was supported in part by an AFRL grant via Veridian and an AFOSR grant (LRIR HE-01-COR-01). We thank Y. Li and Z. Jin for their assistance in figure preparation, and Richard Freyman for his helpful comments in the review process. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 125 IS 6 BP 4006 EP 4022 DI 10.1121/1.3117686 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 454FI UT WOS:000266667400058 PM 19507982 ER PT J AU Banerjee, PP Cook, G Evans, DR AF Banerjee, Partha P. Cook, Gary Evans, Dean R. TI A q-parameter approach to analysis of propagation, focusing, and waveguiding of radially polarized Gaussian beams SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-BEAMS; LASER-BEAMS; NONPARAXIAL PROPAGATION; LONGITUDINAL-FIELD; GENERATION; SHIFT AB The q-parameter of a Gaussian beam is a convenient way to determine its paraxial propagation in a medium as well as in an optical system under external or induced lensing. The assumption is that the Gaussian beam either is scalar or has a linear polarization. It is shown that propagation of radially polarized Gaussian beams in a medium and/or under lensing can be readily analyzed rather simply by knowing the q-transformation of the underlying scalar Gaussian beam. The exact profiles of the longitudinal and transverse components of initially radially polarized lowest-order Laguerre-Gaussian beams are derived and compared with those of the linearly polarized Gaussian beam. It can be readily shown that the longitudinal component of the polarization does not contribute to real power flow at the focal plane. The focal shift and the Guoy phase during lensing are calculated, again based on the underlying q-parameter. The methodology for extension to higher-order Laguerre-Gaussians is also developed. Finally, waveguiding of radially polarized beams in a graded index square law medium is analyzed, and conditions for the existence of radially or longitudinally polarized modes are derived. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Banerjee, Partha P.; Cook, Gary; Evans, Dean R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Banerjee, Partha P.] Univ Dayton, Dept ECE, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Banerjee, Partha P.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Cook, Gary] United Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Banerjee, PP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM partha.banerjee@notes.udayton.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [F33615-03-D-5421] FX PPB would like to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract F33615-03-D-5421 through AT&T Corporate Solutions. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1366 EP 1374 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 464IW UT WOS:000267499600007 PM 19488176 ER PT J AU Breidenbaugh, MS Clark, JW Brodeur, RM de Szalay, FA AF Breidenbaugh, Mark S. Clark, James W. Brodeur, Robert M. de Szalay, Ferenc A. TI Seasonal and diel patterns of biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) and mosquitoes (Culicidae) on the Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes; biting flies; Culicoides; Culex; salt marsh; South Carolina ID FLIGHT ACTIVITY; SOUTH-CAROLINA; DIPTERA-CERATOPOGONIDAE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STATE-PARK; CULICOIDES; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; VIRUS; POPULATIONS AB The Marine Corps Recruit Depot on Parris Island, SC, is surrounded by tidal salt marshes, which are breeding habitats for many pestiferous biting flies. Knowledge of biting fly behavior patterns is needed to develop effective pest management strategies in urban areas adjacent to salt marshes. We measured biting midge (Ceratopogonidae) and mosquito (Culicidae) seasonal abundance and diel activity patterns on Parris Island using CO(2)-baited suction traps from November 2001 - November 2004. Of the three biting midge species collected, Culicoides furens was most abundant (86.2% of total) and was present in high numbers from late March to November. Culicoides hollensis (12.0% of total) was present during spring and fall but absent in summer and winter; and Culicoides melleus (1.7% of total) was present in spring through fall but absent in winter. Abundance of C. furens had a positive linear correlation with air temperature and rainfall. There were nonlinear correlations between air temperature and C. hollensis and C. melleus numbers, which were most abundant at moderate temperatures. Of 18 mosquito species collected, the most abundant were Aedes taeniorhynchus (42.7% of total), Aedes sollicitans (26.3% of total), Culex salinarius (15.6% of total), Culex quinquefasciatus (7.3% of total), and Aedes vexans (5.7% of total); other species comprised <5% of collections. Aedes taeniorhynchus numbers were positively correlated with temperature and rainfall, and Cx. salinarius was correlated with soil moisture. Activity of most biting midges and mosquitoes were highest the first two hours following sunset. Species of biting flies were present in all months, suggesting that year-round control measures are necessary to reduce exposure to potential disease vectors and nuisance biting. Journal of Vector Ecology 34 (1): 129-140. 2009. C1 [Breidenbaugh, Mark S.] USAF, Aerial Spray Unit, Youngstown Air Reserve Stn, Vienna, OH 44473 USA. [Clark, James W.; Brodeur, Robert M.] Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Nat Resource & Environm Affairs Off, Parris Isl, SC 29902 USA. RP Breidenbaugh, MS (reprint author), USAF, Aerial Spray Unit, Youngstown Air Reserve Stn, Vienna, OH 44473 USA. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00016.x PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 531FY UT WOS:000272650400016 PM 20836813 ER PT J AU Il Lee, H Seo, BY Shin, EH Burkett, DA Lee, JK Shin, YH AF Il Lee, Hee Seo, Bo Youl Shin, E-Hyun Burkett, Douglas A. Lee, Jong-Koo Shin, Young Hack TI Efficiency Evaluation of Nozawa-Style Black Light Trap for Control of Anopheline Mosquitoes SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles; mosquito; malaria; vector control; ultraviolet black light trap; zoophilic vector ID REPUBLIC-OF-KOREA; MALARIA; CATTLE; INSECTICIDE; SURVIVAL AB House-residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets have achieved some success in controlling anthropophilic and endophagic vectors. However, these methods have relatively low efficacy in Korea because Anopheles sinensis, the primary malaria vector, is highly zoophilic and exophilic. So, we focused our vector control efforts within livestock enclosures using ultraviolet black light traps as a mechanical control measure. We found that black light traps captured significantly more mosquitoes at 2 and 2.5 m above the ground (P < 0.05). We also evaluated the effectiveness of trap spacing within the livestock enclosure. In general, traps spaced between 4 and 7 m apart captured mosquitoes more efficiently than those spaced closer together (P > 0.05). Based on these findings, we concluded that each black light trap in the livestock enclosures killed 7,586 female mosquitoes per trap per night during the peak mosquito season (July-August). In May-August 2003, additional concurrent field trials were conducted in Ganghwa county. We got 74.9% reduction (P < 0.05) of An. sinensis in human dwellings and 61.5% reduction (P > 0.05) in the livestock enclosures. The black light trap operation in the livestock enclosures proved to be an effective control method and should be incorporated into existing control strategies in developed countries. C1 [Il Lee, Hee; Seo, Bo Youl; Shin, E-Hyun; Lee, Jong-Koo; Shin, Young Hack] Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Hlth, Div Med Entomol, Seoul 122701, South Korea. [Burkett, Douglas A.] HQ Air Combat Command, Ranges Airspace & Airfields Operat Requirements D, Langley AFB, VA 23693 USA. RP Shin, YH (reprint author), Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Hlth, Div Med Entomol, Seoul 122701, South Korea. EM isak@nih.go.kr RI LEE, Jong-koo/E-4166-2012 FU National Institute of Health, Korea FX We wish to acknowledge Dr. Hae Wol Cho (former director of National Institute of Health in Korea), whose support was instrumental in conducting this research. We also appreciate the efforts of Kum Nam Lee, Jung Sook Lee, Chang Whan Na, and Gil Ja Huh in the Paju Public Health Center and Soo Jung Kwon, Jung Jae Kim, and Oh Jun Kwon in the KangWha Public Health Center whose valuable help made this study possible. This work was funded by WHO-RBM (Roll Back Malaria) and National Institute of Health, Korea. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU KOREAN SOC PARASITOLOGY, SEOUL NATL UNIV COLL MEDI PI SEOUL PA DEPT PARASITOLOGY, SEOUL, 00000, SOUTH KOREA SN 0023-4001 EI 1738-0006 J9 KOREAN J PARASITOL JI Korean J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.159 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 458UI UT WOS:000267049700011 ER PT J AU Martin, BE Chen, WN Song, B Akers, SA AF Martin, Bradley E. Chen, Weinong Song, Bo Akers, Stephen A. TI Moisture effects on the high strain-rate behavior of sand SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOFT SOILS AB The effects of moisture content on the high strain-rate mechanical properties of fine grain sand were characterized with a split-Hopkinson pressure bar. A controlled loading pulse allowed the sample to acquire stress equilibrium and a constant strain-rate of 400 s(-1). The sand specimen confined in a hardened steel tube, had a dry density of 1.50 g/cm(3) with moisture contents varied from 3% to 20% by weight. Experimental results indicate that partially saturated sand is more compressible than dry sand with the softest behavior observed at 7% moisture content. The softening of the partially saturated sand may occur due to the pore water acting as a lubricant between the sand particles. Similar trends were reported in the quasi-static regime for experiments conducted at comparable specimen conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Martin, Bradley E.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Chen, Weinong] Purdue Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Song, Bo] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Akers, Stephen A.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Martin, BE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM bradley.martin@eglin.af.mil RI Song, Bo/D-3945-2011 FU DoE/DoD [DE-AC04-94AL8500]; Sandia Corporation FX This work was supported by the DoE/DoD TCG-XI through a Memorandum of Understanding with Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia supported this work through a grant with Purdue University. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL8500. This author appreciates the insightful conversations with Mr. Mark L. Green of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 EI 1872-7743 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 41 IS 6 SI SI BP 786 EP 798 DI 10.1016/j.mechmat.2009.01.014 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 452DC UT WOS:000266519000014 ER PT J AU Jahns, GL Kent, MN Burgoon, LD DelRaso, N Zacharewski, TR Reo, NV AF Jahns, Gary L. Kent, Michael N. Burgoon, Lyle D. DelRaso, Nicholas Zacharewski, Timothy R. Reo, Nicholas V. TI Development of analytical methods for NMR spectra and application to a C-13 toxicology study SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE C-13 NMR spectra; Metabolite identification; Chemical shift; Principal components analysis; Cross-correlation; Order statistics ID CLASSIFICATION; ALIGNMENT; LIVER AB Metabolomics offers the potential to assess the effects of toxicants on metabolite levels. To fully realize this potential, a robust analytical workflow for identifying and quantifying treatment-elicited changes in metabolite levels by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry has been developed that isolates and aligns spectral regions across treatment and vehicle groups to facilitate analytical comparisons. The method excludes noise regions from the resulting reduced spectra, significantly reducing data size. Principal components analysis (PCA) identifies data clusters associated with experimental parameters. Cluster-centroid scores, derived from the principal components that separate treatment from vehicle samples, are used to reconstruct the mean spectral estimates for each treatment and vehicle group. Peak amplitudes are determined by scanning the reconstructed mean spectral estimates. Confidence levels from Mann-Whitney order statistics and amplitude change ratios are used to identify treatment-related changes in peak amplitudes. As a demonstration of the method, analysis of C-13 NMR data from hepatic lipid extracts of immature, ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice treated with 30 mu g/kg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or sesame oil vehicle, sacrificed at 72, 120, or 168 h, identified 152 salient peaks. PCA clustering showed a prominent treatment effect at all three time points studied, and very little difference between time points of treated animals. Phenotypic differences between two animal cohorts were also observed. Based on spectral peak identification, hepatic lipid extracts from treated animals exhibited redistribution of unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterols, and triacylglycerols. This method identified significant changes in peaks without the loss of information associated with spectral binning, increasing the likelihood of identifying treatment-elicited metabolite changes. C1 [Jahns, Gary L.] BAE Syst Adv Informat Technol, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. [Kent, Michael N.; Reo, Nicholas V.] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. [Burgoon, Lyle D.; Zacharewski, Timothy R.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrat Toxicol, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Reo, Nicholas V.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Jahns, GL (reprint author), BAE Syst Adv Informat Technol, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. EM gary.jahns@baesystems.com OI Burgoon, Lyle/0000-0003-4977-5352 FU U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [R01 ES013927] FX This work was funded by the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Grant R01 ES013927. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD JUN PY 2009 VL 5 IS 2 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s11306-008-0148-9 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 440FS UT WOS:000265686800009 ER PT J AU Severson, HH Peterson, AL Andrews, JA Gordon, JS Cigrang, JA Danaher, BG Hunter, CM Barckley, M AF Severson, Herbert H. Peterson, Alan L. Andrews, Judy A. Gordon, Judith S. Cigrang, Jeffrey A. Danaher, Brian G. Hunter, Christine M. Barckley, Maureen TI Smokeless tobacco cessation in military personnel: A randomized controlled trial SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; DECISIONAL BALANCE; ORAL-CANCER; SMOKING; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; USERS; RISK; INTERVENTIONS; VALIDATION AB Military personnel are twice as likely as civilians to use smokeless tobacco (ST). This study evaluated the efficacy of a minimal-contact ST cessation program in military personnel. Participants were recruited from 24 military dental clinics across the United States during annual dental examinations. Participants were 785 active-duty military personnel who were randomly assigned to receive a minimal-contact behavioral treatment (n = 392) or usual care (n = 393). The behavioral treatment included an ST cessation manual, a videotape cessation guide tailored for military personnel, and three 15-min telephone counseling sessions using motivational interviewing methods. Usual care consisted of standard procedures that are part of the annual dental examination, including recommendations to quit using ST and referral to extant local tobacco cessation programs. Participants were assessed at 3 and 6 months after enrollment. Participants in the ST cessation program were significantly more likely to be abstinent from all tobacco, as assessed by repeated point prevalence at both 3 and 6 months (25.0%), and were significantly more likely to be abstinent from ST use for 6 months, as assessed by prolonged abstinence (16.8%), compared with participants in usual care (7.6% and 6.4%, respectively). These results indicate that a minimal-contact behavioral treatment can significantly reduce ST use in military personnel and has the potential for widespread dissemination. If ST users were identified in dental visits and routinely referred to telephone counseling, this could have a substantial benefit for the health and well-being of military personnel. C1 [Severson, Herbert H.; Andrews, Judy A.; Gordon, Judith S.; Danaher, Brian G.; Barckley, Maureen] Oregon Res Inst, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.; Cigrang, Jeffrey A.; Hunter, Christine M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Hunter, Christine M.] Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Severson, HH (reprint author), Oregon Res Inst, 1715 Franklin Blvd, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM herb@ori.org FU Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program's Peer Review Medical Research Program to HHS [DAMD17-02-2-0] FX Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program's Peer Review Medical Research Program to HHS (DAMD17-02-2-0) NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 6 BP 730 EP 738 DI 10.1093/ntr/ntp057 PG 9 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 454QX UT WOS:000266698600021 PM 19395686 ER PT J AU Sun, YJ Cai, YP Liu, L Yu, FH Farrell, ML McKendree, W Farmerie, W AF Sun, Yijun Cai, Yunpeng Liu, Li Yu, Fahong Farrell, Michael L. McKendree, William Farmerie, William TI ESPRIT: estimating species richness using large collections of 16S rRNA pyrosequences SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; POPULATION; ACCURACY; SOIL; BIOSPHERE; NUMBER AB Recent metagenomics studies of environmental samples suggested that microbial communities are much more diverse than previously reported, and deep sequencing will significantly increase the estimate of total species diversity. Massively parallel pyrosequencing technology enables ultra-deep sequencing of complex microbial populations rapidly and inexpensively. However, computational methods for analyzing large collections of 16S ribosomal sequences are limited. We proposed a new algorithm, referred to as ESPRIT, which addresses several computational issues with prior methods. We developed two versions of ESPRIT, one for personal computers (PCs) and one for computer clusters (CCs). The PC version is used for small- and medium-scale data sets and can process several tens of thousands of sequences within a few minutes, while the CC version is for large-scale problems and is able to analyze several hundreds of thousands of reads within one day. Large-scale experiments are presented that clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly proposed algorithm. The source code and user guide are freely available at http://www.biotech.ufl.edu/people/sun/esprit.html. C1 [Sun, Yijun; Liu, Li; Yu, Fahong; Farmerie, William] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Sun, Yijun; Cai, Yunpeng] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Farrell, Michael L.; McKendree, William] Mat Technol Directorate, AF Tech Applicat Ctr, Patrick Afb, FL 32925 USA. RP Sun, YJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM sunyijun@biotech.ufl.edu NR 30 TC 144 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 10 AR e76 DI 10.1093/nar/gkp285 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 457WU UT WOS:000266966700036 PM 19417062 ER PT J AU Cardimona, DA Alsing, PM Mozer, H Rhodes, C AF Cardimona, D. A. Alsing, P. M. Mozer, H. Rhodes, C. TI Interference effects in a three-level atom in a cavity beyond the weak-field approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atom-photon collisions; excited states; fluorescence; light coherence; light interference; quantum interference phenomena; quantum optics; self-induced transparency ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; FLUORESCENCE; SYSTEM; LIGHT AB We investigate quantum interference and classical-interference effects when three-level atoms in the "Lambda" or "V" configuration interact with both a cavity-field mode and an external driving field mode. We describe electromagnetically induced transparency (Lambda configuration), as well as a "field-induced transparency" (V configuration), and we go beyond the weak cavity-field studies of previous papers by utilizing a Heisenberg-picture density matrix approach. We find that under certain circumstances the cavity field evolves to be equal in magnitude to, but 180 degrees out of phase with, the external pump field when the pump-field frequency equals the cavity frequency, a surprising effect found in two-level atoms in a cavity excited by an external pump field that persists in three-level atoms. The better the cavity, the quicker this buildup occurs. When the cavity field reaches this "out-of-phase" condition, the resonance fluorescence from the atom in the cavity goes to zero. This is a purely classical-interference effect between the two out-of-phase fields, with the resonance fluorescence going to zero at the same time as the two excited state populations go to zero. This is quite different from the quantum interference that occurs under the right circumstances when the state populations are coherently driven into a linear combination that is decoupled from any applied field and population is trapped in the excited states ("coherent population trapping"). When the cavity frequency is tuned to the frequency at which quantum interference would occur, the two interference effects compete with each other. The cavity field begins to evolve toward the 180 degrees out-of-phase condition, thereby approaching a classical destructive interference condition with the pump field. Then at some point before 100% classical interference occurs, depending on the cavity damping rate and atom/cavity coupling strength, the atom builds up its coherence between state populations to produce the quantum interference effect. At that point, the atom becomes transparent and resonance fluorescence disappears, including fluorescence into the cavity, thereby causing the cavity field to die away. C1 [Cardimona, D. A.; Alsing, P. M.; Mozer, H.; Rhodes, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Cardimona, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 6 AR 063817 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.063817 PG 21 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 466XZ UT WOS:000267700100167 ER PT J AU Eismann, MT Stocker, AD Nasrabadi, NM AF Eismann, Michael T. Stocker, Alan D. Nasrabadi, Nasser M. TI Automated Hyperspectral Cueing for Civilian Search and Rescue SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Review DE Change detection; hyperspectral; remote sensing; search-and-rescue; target detection ID ORTHOGONAL SUBSPACE PROJECTION; IMAGING SPECTROMETER AVIRIS; ANOMALY DETECTION; TARGET DETECTION; MATCHED-FILTER; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY; OBJECT DETECTION; LAND-COVER; CLASSIFICATION AB Hyperspectral remote sensing provides information related to surface material characteristics that can be exploited to perform automated detection of targets of interest and has been applied to a variety of remote sensing applications. This paper explores the application to civilian search and rescue, using the Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance (ARCHER) system developed for the Civil Air Patrol as a key example of how evolving hyperspectral technology can be employed to support these operations. ARCHER combines a visible/near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system, a high-resolution visible panchromatic imaging sensor, and an integrated geopositioning and inertial navigation unit with onboard real-time processing for data acquisition and correction, precision image georegistration, and target detection and cueing. Processing for detecting downed aircraft wreckage and other related objects employs real-time adaptive anomaly detection and matched filtering algorithms, and a non-real-time change detection mode to provide further false alarm reduction in some instances. This paper describes the system technology, with an emphasis on the current and evolving automated target detection methods, and summarizes the operational experience in the airborne employment against civilian search and rescue missions. C1 [Eismann, Michael T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stocker, Alan D.] Space Comp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Nasrabadi, Nasser M.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Eismann, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.eismann@wpafb.af.mil; stocker@spacecomputer.com; nnasraba@arl.army.mil NR 103 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2009 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1031 EP 1055 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2009.2013561 PG 25 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 450CC UT WOS:000266377600007 ER PT J AU Razeghi, M Hoffman, D Nguyen, BM Delaunay, PY Huang, EKW Tidrow, MZ Nathan, V AF Razeghi, Manijeh Hoffman, Darin Nguyen, Binh-Minh Delaunay, Pierre-Yves Huang, Edward Kwei-Wei Tidrow, Meimei Z. Nathan, Vaidya TI Recent Advances in LWIR Type-II InAs/GaSb Superlattice Photodetectors and Focal Plane Arrays at the Center for Quantum Devices SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Focal plane array; GaSb; InAS; infrared; two-color; Type-II AB In recent years, Type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodetectors have experienced significant improvements in material quality, structural designs, and imaging applications. They now appear to be a possible alternative to the state-of-the-art HgCdTe (MCT) technology in the long (LWIR) and very long wavelength infrared regimes. At the Center for Quantum Devices, we have successfully realized very high quantum efficiency, very high dynamic differential resistance R(o)A-product LWIR Type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes with efficient surface passivation techniques. The demonstration of high-quality LWIR focal plane arrays that were 100% fabricated in-house reaffirms the pioneer position of this university-based laboratory. C1 [Razeghi, Manijeh; Hoffman, Darin; Nguyen, Binh-Minh; Delaunay, Pierre-Yves; Huang, Edward Kwei-Wei] Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Tidrow, Meimei Z.] Missile Def Agcy, Washington, DC 20301 USA. [Nathan, Vaidya] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Razeghi, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM razeghi@eecs.northwestern.edu; d-hoffman@u.northwestern.edu; minh-nguyen@northwestern.edu; pierre-yves-delaunay@northwestern.edu; edhuang@northwestern.edu; meimei.tidrow@mda.mil; vaidya.nathan@kirtland.af.mil RI Razeghi, Manijeh/B-7265-2009; Nguyen, Binh-Minh/B-6411-2011 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2009 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1056 EP 1066 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2009.2017108 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 450CC UT WOS:000266377600008 ER PT J AU McManamon, PF Bos, PJ Escuti, MJ Heikenfeld, J Serati, S Xie, HK Watson, EA AF McManamon, Paul F. Bos, Philip J. Escuti, Michael J. Heikenfeld, Jason Serati, Steve Xie, Huikai Watson, Edward A. TI A Review of Phased Array Steering for Narrow-Band Electrooptical Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Review DE Beam steering; nonmechanical beam steering; optical phased arrays; spatial light modulators ID MULTIPLEXED OPTICAL SCANNER; DISPERSED LIQUID-CRYSTALS; HIGH FILL-FACTOR; MICROMIRROR; GRATINGS; ANGLE; ACTUATORS; DESIGN; MIRROR; MICROACTUATORS AB Nonmechanical steering of optical beams will enable revolutionary systems with random access pointing, similar to microwave radar phased arrays. An early approach was birefringent liquid crystals writing a sawtooth phase profile in one polarization, using 2 pi resets. Liquid crystals were used because of high birefringence. Fringing fields associated with voltage control required to implement the 2 pi resets have limited the efficiency and steering angle of this beam steering approach. Because of steering angle limitations, this conventional liquid crystal steering approach is usually combined with a large angle step-steering approach. volume holograms, birefringent prisms or sawtooth-profile birefringent phase gratings, and circular-type polarization gratings are the large angle step steering approaches that will be reviewed in this paper. Alternate steering approaches to the combined liquid crystal and step-steering approach exist. Microelectromechanical system mirrors, lenslet arrays, electrowetting, and a variable birefringent grating approach will be reviewed and compared against the conventional liquid crystal and step-steering approaches. Step-steering approaches can C1 [McManamon, Paul F.] Exciting Technol LLC, Dayton, OH 45424 USA. [Bos, Philip J.] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Escuti, Michael J.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Heikenfeld, Jason] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Serati, Steve] Boulder Nonlinear Syst Inc, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA. [Xie, Huikai] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Watson, Edward A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McManamon, PF (reprint author), Exciting Technol LLC, Dayton, OH 45424 USA. EM paul@excitingtechnology.com; pbos@kent.edu; mjescuti@ncsu.edu; heikenjc@email.uc.edu; sserati@bnonlinear.com; hkx@ufl.edu; Edward.Watson@WPAFB.AF.MIL RI Escuti, Michael/C-6770-2013 NR 95 TC 143 Z9 150 U1 8 U2 62 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2009 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1078 EP 1096 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2009.2017218 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 450CC UT WOS:000266377600010 ER PT J AU Stotts, LB Andrews, LC Cherry, PC Foshee, JJ Kolodzy, PJ McIntire, WK Northcott, M Phillips, RL Pike, HA Stadler, B Young, DW AF Stotts, Larry B. Andrews, Larry C. Cherry, Paul C. Foshee, James J. Kolodzy, Paul J. McIntire, William K. Northcott, Malcolm Phillips, Ronald L. Pike, H. Alan Stadler, Brian Young, David W. TI Hybrid Optical RF Airborne Communications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Communication system field trials; free-space optical communications; gigabit communications; hybrid communication; long-range communications; optical turbulence compensation; radio-frequency (RF) communications AB The use of hybrid free-space optical (FSO)/radio-frequency (RF) links to provide robust, high-throughput communications, fixed infrastructure links, and their associated networks have been thoroughly investigated for both commercial and military applications. The extension of this paradigm to mobile, long-range networks has long been a desire by the military communications community for multi-gigabit mobile backbone networks. The FSO communications subsystem has historically been the primary limitation. The challenge has been addressing the compensation of propagation effects and dynamic range of the received optical signal. This paper will address the various technologies required to compensate for the effects referenced above. We will outline the effects FSO and RF links experience and how we overcome these degradations. Results from field experiments conducted, including those from the Air Force Research Laboratory C1 [Stotts, Larry B.] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Andrews, Larry C.; Phillips, Ronald L.] Univ Cent Florida, Oviedo, FL 32765 USA. [Cherry, Paul C.; McIntire, William K.] L3 Commun, Salt Lake City, UT 84416 USA. [Foshee, James J.; Stadler, Brian] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kolodzy, Paul J.] Kolodzy Consulting, Centreville, VA 20120 USA. [Northcott, Malcolm] AOptix Technol, Campbell, CA 95008 USA. [Pike, H. Alan] Def Strategies & Syst Inc, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Young, David W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 21029 USA. RP Stotts, LB (reprint author), Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM larry.stotts@darpa.mil; landrews@mail.ucf.edu; paul.c.cherry@1-3com.com; james.foshee@wpafb.af.mil; pkolodzy@kolodzy.org; william.k.mcintire@1-3com.com; mnorthcott@aoptix.com; phillips@mail.ucf.edu; pikedsas@earthlink.net; brian.stadler@wpafb.mil; david.young@jhuapl.edu NR 34 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2009 VL 97 IS 6 SI SI BP 1109 EP 1127 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2009.2014969 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 450CC UT WOS:000266377600012 ER PT J AU Cummings, RM Knowles, K AF Cummings, Russell M. Knowles, Kevin TI SPECIAL SECTION ON INTEGRATION OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AND EXPERIMENTS IN AERODYNAMICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cummings, Russell M.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Knowles, Kevin] Cranfield Univ, Def Acad UK, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. RP Cummings, RM (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 223 IS G4 BP I EP II PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 467FL UT WOS:000267723300001 ER PT J AU McDaniel, DR Cummings, RM Bergeron, K Morton, SA Dean, JP AF McDaniel, D. R. Cummings, R. M. Bergeron, K. Morton, S. A. Dean, J. P. TI Comparisons of computational fluid dynamics solutions of static and manoeuvring fighter aircraft with flight test data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; stability and control; reduced-order model; flight test; System Identification Programs for Aircraft ID DETACHED-EDDY SIMULATION; F/A-18 TAIL BUFFET; SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION AB As the capabilities of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model full aircraft configurations improve, and the speeds of massively parallel machines increase, it is expected that CFD simulations will be used more and more to steer or in some cases even replace traditional flight test analyses. The mission of the US Air Force SEEK EAGLE office is to clear any new weapon configurations and loadings for operational use. As more complex weapons are developed and highly asymmetric loadings are requested, the SEEK EAGLE office is tasked with providing operational clearances for literally thousands of different flight configurations. High-fidelity CFD simulations employing the turbulent Navier-Stokes equations are in a prime position to help reduce some of the required wind-tunnel and/or flight test workload. However, these types of CFD simulations are still too time consuming to populate a full stability and control parameter database in a brute-force manner. This article reviews results previously published by the authors, which validate the ability of high-fidelity CFD techniques to compute static force and moment characteristics of aircraft configurations. A methodology to generate efficient but non-linear reduced-order aerodynamic loads models from dynamic CFD solutions, which in-turn may be used to quickly analyse various stability and control characteristics at a particular flight condition, is introduced, and the results based on the US Air Force F-16C fighter aircraft that exemplify the process are discussed. C1 [McDaniel, D. R.; Cummings, R. M.; Bergeron, K.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Morton, S. A.; Dean, J. P.] USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP McDaniel, DR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM drmcd@uab.edu FU DoD HPC/AF SEEK EAGLE Office Institute for High Performance Computing Applications of Air Armament FX This work was sponsored by the DoD HPC/AF SEEK EAGLE Office Institute for High Performance Computing Applications of Air Armament. The computational resources were generously provided by various Major Shared Resource Centers within the DoD HPCMP, the Maui High Performance Computing Center, and the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr Eugene A. Morelli from NASA Langley, who provided the SIDPAC. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 223 IS G4 BP 323 EP 340 DI 10.1243/09544100JAERO411 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 467FL UT WOS:000267723300003 ER PT J AU Seidel, J Siegel, S Fagley, C Cohen, K McLaughlin, T AF Seidel, J. Siegel, S. Fagley, C. Cohen, K. McLaughlin, T. TI Feedback control of a circular cylinder wake SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cylinder wake; von Karman vortex street; proper orthogonal decomposition; feedback flow control ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; TRANSIENT; DYNAMICS; MODE AB Feedback flow control of a three-dimensional wake behind a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of Re = 100 was investigated. A combination of numerical simulations, experiments, and control theory was used to understand the flow field and to develop a sensor configuration, a flow state estimator, and a controller. The flow field was analysed by using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) in two dimensions, and two-dimensional and three-dimensional sensor placements were investigated. The controller input was computed from the POD time coefficients, and actuation was performed by using rigid cylinder motion normal to the free stream. In the two-dimensional computations, feedback was shown to effectively reduce the drag and the fluctuating lift force. When feedback forcing was applied in the three-dimensional wake, both simulations and experiments showed that the vortex shedding could be controlled initially and the amplitude of the fluctuations decreased. However, spanwise phase variations eventually appeared and rendered the controller ineffective. C1 [Seidel, J.; Siegel, S.; Fagley, C.; Cohen, K.; McLaughlin, T.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Seidel, J (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jurgen.seidel.ctr.de@usafa.edu OI Cohen, Kelly/0000-0002-8655-1465 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 223 IS G4 BP 379 EP 392 DI 10.1243/09544100JAERO407 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 467FL UT WOS:000267723300007 ER PT J AU Nahrstedt, D Hsia, YC Jumper, E Gordeyev, S Ceniceros, J Weaver, L DeSandre, L McLaughlin, T AF Nahrstedt, D. Hsia, Y-C Jumper, E. Gordeyev, S. Ceniceros, J. Weaver, L. DeSandre, L. McLaughlin, T. TI Wind tunnel validation of computational fluid dynamics-based aero-optics model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART G-JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; aerodynamics; aero-optics; wavefront sensing; wind tunnel AB A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based aero-optics validation study was conducted in wind tunnel tests at the US Air Force Academy. A 12 in diameter hemisphere-on-cylinder laser turret was tested in the 3 ft x 3 ft subsonic wind tunnel at flow speeds ranging from mach 0.3 to 0.5. Flow validation was based on mean and rms velocity, mean pressure profile, rms unsteady pressure, and separation point. Optical validation was based on rms phase variance and inflow phase correlation length derived from two-dimensional Hartmann wavefront sensor data, measured over a 5 in beam. The CFD code used a two-equation turbulence model with partially-averaged Navier-Stokes approach. Good agreement was observed between measurements and predictions over line-of-sight angles ranging from 60 to 132 degrees measured with respect to flow heading. C1 [Nahrstedt, D.; Hsia, Y-C] Boeing, Directed Energy Syst, Canoga Pk, CA 91304 USA. [Jumper, E.; Gordeyev, S.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, South Bend, IN USA. [Ceniceros, J.] Boeing SVS, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Weaver, L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL DE, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [DeSandre, L.] USN, Res Off, Arlington, VA USA. [McLaughlin, T.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Nahrstedt, D (reprint author), Boeing, Directed Energy Syst, 8531 Fallbrook Ave,MS 033-WB53, Canoga Pk, CA 91304 USA. EM david.a.nahrstedt@boeing.com RI Gordeyev, Stanislav/A-7062-2013; Jumper, Eric/A-9856-2013 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 13 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0954-4100 J9 P I MECH ENG G-J AER JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part G-J. Aerosp. Eng. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 223 IS G4 BP 393 EP 406 DI 10.1243/09544100JAERO385 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 467FL UT WOS:000267723300008 ER PT J AU Lee, BL Inman, DJ AF Lee, B-L Inman, D. J. TI Multifunctional materials and structures for autonomic systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART I-JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE smart structures; multifunctional; autonomic ID COMPOSITES AB The authors' vision of the way forward in multifunctional materials and structures is presented. Their opinion reflects the growth of research activities in the subject area evolved from those of smart materials and adaptive structures. Their ultimate goal is to create the knowledge to enable a new concept of multifunctional materials and structures for autonomic systems, which captures a deeper level of integration of functions between control, transduction, and structure. C1 [Inman, D. J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Inman, D. J.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Lee, B-L] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. RP Inman, DJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Dept Mech Engn, MC0261,310 NEB, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dinman@vt.edu FU U.S. Air force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors are grateful to a number of their colleagues whose pioneering research activities are quoted in this paper. Among them, special thanks go to Professor Scott White (University of Illinois) who coined the term 'autonomic' systems. They also would like to acknowledge financial support from U.S. Air force Office of Scientific Research. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6518 EI 2041-3041 J9 P I MECH ENG I-J SYS JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part I-J Syst Control Eng. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 223 IS I4 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1243/09596518JSCE748 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 467FQ UT WOS:000267723900001 ER PT J AU Ford, TC Colombi, JM Jacques, DR Graham, SR AF Ford, Thomas C. Colombi, John M. Jacques, David R. Graham, Scott R. TI On the Application of Classification Concepts to Systems Engineering Design and Evaluation SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE system design; classification; taxonomy ID PHYLOGENETIC TREES; INFORMATION AB While classification has been practiced within the fields of biology and chemistry for hundreds of years and has enjoyed mathematical definition in the form of numerical taxonomy for approximately 50 years, this paper presents an inaugural method and application of quantitative classification of systems to the discipline of systems engineering. This paper establishes, by theory and application, that a quantitative, business process-constrained system classification enjoys a host of systems engineering uses-most notably system design and evaluation. A survey of 50 years of published material in the systems science and systems engineering disciplines on qualitative system classifications is provided to ground the discussion of this paper's quantitative system classification method, Future research topics, such as interoperability measurement, branching from the work described in this paper are also proposed. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 12: 141-154, 2009 C1 [Ford, Thomas C.; Colombi, John M.; Jacques, David R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Colombi, John M.] Dayton Res Off G DRO G, Riverside Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Graham, Scott R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ford, TC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.ford.1@us.af.mil; john.colombi@afit.edu; david.jacques@afit.edu; scott.gra-ham.5@us.af.mil OI Graham, Scott/0000-0003-0193-1192 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1098-1241 J9 SYSTEMS ENG JI Syst. Eng. PD SUM PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 BP 141 EP 154 DI 10.1002/sys.20114 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 441FY UT WOS:000265755900003 ER PT J AU Gifford, SM Deel, JT Dent, DL Reddy, VS Rasmussen, TE AF Gifford, Shaun M. Deel, John T. Dent, Daniel L. Reddy, V. Seenu Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Endovascular Repair of Innominate Artery Injury Secondary to Air Rifle Pellet: A Case Report and Review of the Literature SO VASCULAR AND ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Review DE innominate artery; endovascular repair; penetrating arterial injury ID EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT; TRAUMA AB Objective: Decreased morbidity makes endovascular treatment preferable for certain central aortic and great vessel injuries. We present a case of penetrating innominate injury, describe considerations of a catheter-based approach, and provide follow-up of repair. Methods: A case report and review of the literature. Results: A 16-year-old man presented with an isolated innominate artery injury following an air rifle wound. Standard transfemoral approach was used to gain access the innominate artery. The injury was treated with an 8 x 35 mm, balloon-expandable, covered stent. Completion imaging confirmed a well-positioned stent with exclusion of the injury and normal flow in distal vessels. There were no symptoms of stent migration or stenosis 1 year following the injury. Conclusions: Specific anatomic characteristics including its proximity to the carotid and vertebral arteries make the endovascular approach to the innominate artery unique. This case demonstrates the viability of catheter-based approaches in treating vascular injury. C1 [Gifford, Shaun M.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Deel, John T.; Reddy, V. Seenu] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Div Cardiothorac Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Dent, Daniel L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Div Trauma & Emergency Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Gifford, SM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Vasc Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM gifford@uthscsa.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1538-5744 J9 VASC ENDOVASC SURG JI Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. PD JUN-JUL PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1177/1538574408329269 PG 5 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 464KV UT WOS:000267504700014 PM 19131372 ER PT J AU Balasubramanyam, A Sailaja, N Mahboob, M Rahman, MF Misra, S Hussain, SM Grover, P AF Balasubramanyam, A. Sailaja, N. Mahboob, M. Rahman, M. F. Misra, S. Hussain, Saber M. Grover, Paramjit TI Evaluation of genotoxic effects of oral exposure to Aluminum oxide nanomaterials in rat bone marrow SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Micronucleus test; Chromosomal aberrations assay; Aluminum oxide; Nanomaterials; Rat; Genotoxicity ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; COPPER NANOPARTICLES; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; RESEARCH STRATEGIES; SAFETY EVALUATION; DIFFERENT PHASES; ACUTE TOXICITY; DNA-DAMAGE; CELL-CYCLE AB Nanomaterials have novel properties and functions because of their small size. The unique nature of nanomaterials may be associated with potentially toxic effects. The aim of this Study Was to evaluate the in vivo genotoxicity of rats exposed with Aluminum oxide nanomaterials. Hence in the present study, the genotoxicity of Aluminum oxide nanomaterials (30 and 40 nm) and its bulk material was studied in bone marrow of female Wistar rats using chromosomal aberration and micronucleus assays. The rats were administered orally with the doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw. Statistically significant genotoxicity was observed with Aluminum oxide 30 and 40 rim with micronucleus as well as chromosomal aberration assays. Significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001)increased frequency of MN was observed with 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw dose levels of Aluminum oxide 30 nm (9.4 +/- 1.87 and 15.2 +/- 2.3, respectively) and Aluminum oxide 40 nm (8.1 +/- 1.8 and 13.9 +/- 2.21, respectively) over control (2.5 +/- 0.7) at 30 h. Likewise. at 48 h sampling time a significant (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001) increase in frequency of MN was evident at 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw dose levels of Aluminum oxide 30 nm (10.6 +/- 1.68 and 16.6 +/- 2.66, respectively) and Aluminum oxide 40 turn (9.0 +/- 1.38 and 14.7 +/- 1.68, respectively) compared to control (1.8 +/- 10.75). Significantly increased frequencies (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001) of chromosomal aberrations were observed with Aluminum oxide 30 nm (1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw) and Aluminum oxide 40 nm (2000 mg/kg bw) in comparison to control at 18 and 24 h. Further, since there is need for information on the toxicokinetics of nanomaterials, determination of these properties of the nanomaterials was carried out in different tissues, urine and feces using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A significant size dependent accumulation of Aluminum Oxide nanomaterials Occurred in different tissues, urine and feces of rats as shown by ICP-MS data. The results Of Our Study suggest that exposure to Aluminum oxide nanomaterials has the potential to cause genetic damage. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Balasubramanyam, A.; Sailaja, N.; Mahboob, M.; Rahman, M. F.; Misra, S.; Grover, Paramjit] Indian Inst Chem Technol, Div Biol, Toxicol Unit, Hyderabad 500607, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grover, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Div Biol, Toxicol Unit, Hyderabad 500607, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM param_g@yahoo.com RI Naidu, Balasubramanyam/B-7916-2009 OI Naidu, Balasubramanyam/0000-0002-1479-138X FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development Japan [FA5209-05-P-0540-AOARD-05-21]; Indian Council of Medical Research and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi FX We thank financial support from the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development Japan (# FA5209-05-P-0540-AOARD-05-21, supported by AFOSR-AOARD). We acknowledge Indian Council of Medical Research and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi for providing fellowships to Mr. A. Balasubramanyam and Mrs. N. Sailaja. The authors express their sincere thanks to Dr. J.S. Yadav, Director, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad for providing facilities and his encouragement during the study. NR 44 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD MAY 31 PY 2009 VL 676 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.03.004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 465VL UT WOS:000267616700008 PM 19486863 ER PT J AU El-Arini, MB Secan, J Klobuchar, JA Doherty, PH Bishop, G Groves, K AF El-Arini, M. B. Secan, J. Klobuchar, J. A. Doherty, P. H. Bishop, G. Groves, K. TI Ionospheric effects on GPS signals in the Arctic region using early GPS data from Thule, Greenland SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Thule, Greenland, is near the magnetic North Pole, and therefore any high-speed GPS data recorded there are of great potential import in specifying the severity of ionospheric effects on modern commercial navigation and ranging systems that must transit the polar latitudes. While there have now been many sets of GPS receiver data recorded at high latitudes, including GPS-IGS data routinely taken from Thule, Greenland, virtually all of these data have not been recorded at a high enough rate to measure the actual amplitude and phase scintillation effects. One notable exception is very early data taken from Thule, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a period of high solar activity where data were taken from a L1/L2 dual-frequency receiver having the capability of tracking only one GPS satellite at a time, on both the L1 and the L2 channels with a data sampling rate of 20 Hz. The receiver phase-locked loop bandwidth was 16 Hz; thus, the sampling rate was not fast enough to insure that all the spectral components up to the receiver bandwidth were measured. We report on a new analysis of these "old'' data illustrating that the rapid rates of change in total electron content (TEC) and high values of the amplitude scintillation index, S(4), reported from these data are very relevant today with the advent of modern civilian aircraft routinely flying in the polar latitudes. For instance, we see a very high correlation between individual amplitude fades on the GPS L1 and L2 channels, indicating that users who suffer instantaneous signal loss on one frequency may not be able to use the secondary frequency to recover the GPS signal modulation, since it, too, will suffer an almost identical fade. Also, the occurrence of large, rapid changes in TEC, previously reported from these high-speed Thule GPS data, has been confirmed and may limit precise positioning in the polar cap latitudes. C1 [El-Arini, M. B.] CAASD, MITRE, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Secan, J.] NW Res Associates Inc, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Klobuchar, J. A.] Total Elect Concepts, Lincoln, MA 01773 USA. [Doherty, P. H.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Bishop, G.; Groves, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP El-Arini, MB (reprint author), CAASD, MITRE, 7515 Colshire Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM bakry@mitre.org FU Glenn Roberts; Andrew Lacher; MITRE; CAASD FX The authors would like to acknowledge: ( 1) Richard Langley, UNB, Canada, for providing a Fortran program to calculate the ephemeris of GPS satellites using the two lines almanac data, ( 2) Glenn Roberts and Andrew Lacher, MITRE, CAASD, for providing support for this work through an Innovative Grant, and ( 3) Kelly Markin and Robert Conker, MITRE, CAASD, for reviewing this paper. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAY 30 PY 2009 VL 44 AR RS0A05 DI 10.1029/2008RS004031 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 452MM UT WOS:000266544300001 ER PT J AU Settersten, TB Patterson, BD Carter, CD AF Settersten, Thomas B. Patterson, Brian D. Carter, Campbell D. TI Collisional quenching of NO A (2)Sigma(+)(v(')=0) between 125 and 294 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cryogenics; fluorescence; high-speed optical techniques; radiation quenching; thermo-optical effects ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ROTATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; NITRIC-OXIDE; TEMPERATURE; A2-SIGMA+; RATES; SPECTROSCOPY; LIFETIMES; PRESSURE; FLAMES AB We report measurements of the temperature-dependent cross sections for the quenching of fluorescence from the A (2)Sigma(+)(v(')=0) state of NO for temperatures between 125 and 294 K. Thermally averaged cross sections were measured for quenching by NO(X (2)Pi), N-2, O-2, and CO in a cryogenically cooled gas flow cell. Picosecond laser-induced fluorescence was time resolved, and the thermally averaged quenching cross sections were determined from the dependence of the fluorescence decay rate on the quencher-gas pressure. These measurements extend to lower temperature the range of previously published results for NO and O-2 and constitute the first reported measurements of the N-2 and CO cross sections for temperatures below 294 K. Between 125 and 294 K, a negative temperature dependence is observed for quenching by NO, O-2, and CO, implicating collision-complex formation in all three cases. Over the same temperature range, a constant, nonzero cross section is measured for quenching by N-2. Updated empirical models for the temperature dependence of the cross sections between 125 and 4500 K are recommended based on weighted least-squares fits to the current low-temperature results and previously published measurements at higher temperature. The results of over 250 measurements presented here indicate that the collisionless lifetime of NO A (2)Sigma(+)(v(')=0) is approximately 192 ns. C1 [Settersten, Thomas B.; Patterson, Brian D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Carter, Campbell D.] USAF, Res Lab, RZA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Settersten, TB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tbsette@sandia.gov RI Settersten, Thomas/B-3480-2009 OI Settersten, Thomas/0000-0002-8017-0258 FU U. S. Department of Energy [U. S. Department of Energy] FX The authors would like to thank Rachael J. Floyd at Janis Research Co., Inc. for her assistance with the design and customization of the cryostat and Jeffrey A. Gray at Ohio Northern University for many useful discussions. Funding for this research was provided by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. C. D. C. was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Combustion and Diagnostics Program (Julian Tishkoff, manager). NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 20 AR 204302 DI 10.1063/1.3138178 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 451VY UT WOS:000266500200015 PM 19485444 ER PT J AU Jhaveri, SJ McMullen, JD Sijbesma, R Tan, LS Zipfel, W Ober, CK AF Jhaveri, Shalin J. McMullen, Jesse D. Sijbesma, Rint Tan, Loon-Seng Zipfel, Warren Ober, Christopher K. TI Direct Three-Dimensional Microfabrication of Hydrogels via Two-Photon Lithography in Aqueous Solution SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID IN-VIVO; FABRICATION; GROWTH; POLYMERIZATION; CHROMOPHORES; BIOSENSORS; ACID AB Two-photon lithography was used to microfabricate hydrogels (see figure) directly in aqueous solution using non-ionic surfactant as a dispersant for large two-photon absorption cross-section hydrophobic chromophores. C1 [Jhaveri, Shalin J.; Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Jhaveri, Shalin J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McMullen, Jesse D.; Zipfel, Warren] Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Engn & Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sijbesma, Rint] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostructured & Biol Mat Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Ober, CK (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; Zipfel, Warren/B-4059-2016 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Zipfel, Warren/0000-0003-2640-329X FU NIH [NSROI-044287]; Air Force Research Laboratory; NBTC; National Science Foundation [ECS-9876771] FX We acknowledge the use of the CCMR, NBTC, and the MIF facilities at Cornell University. This work was supported in part by NIH NSROI-044287, Air Force Research Laboratory, and by the NBTC, an STC program of the National Science Foundation under Agreement Number ECS-9876771. The authors acknowledge Evan L. Schwartz for helpful discussion. NR 30 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 26 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2003 EP 2006 DI 10.1021/cm803174e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 448YI UT WOS:000266297500001 PM 20160917 ER PT J AU Hess, DM Naik, RR Rinaldi, C Tomczak, MM Watkins, JJ AF Hess, David M. Naik, Rajesh R. Rinaldi, Carlos Tomczak, Melanie M. Watkins, James J. TI Fabrication of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Films with Encapsulated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles using Ferritin-Doped Block Copolymer Templates SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MAGNETIC-BEHAVIOR; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MATRIX; POLYSTYRENE; PROTEIN; COMPOSITES; DIFFUSION; MIXTURES; GELS AB Ordered mesoporous silica glasses containing encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles were fabricated by the 3D replication of preorganized block copolymer templates doped with ferritin. Solutions of Pluronic F127 (PEO(105)-PPO(70)-PEO(105)) containing horse spleen ferritin and p-toluene sulfonic acid were spin-coated onto silicon test wafers. Phase selective deposition of silica within the ferritin-containing block copolymer was conducted by exposure of the template films to solutions of tetraethylorthosilicate in supercritical carbon dioxide. Silica network formation occurs exclusively in the hydrophilic block due to partitioning of the acid catalyst to the PEO rich domains during spin coating. Calcination of the resultant composite at 400 degrees C removes the polymer template and protein shell of the ferritin nanoparticles, yielding a robust mesoporous film as evidenced by electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction showed that after processing the crystalline structure of the iron oxide ferritin core was maintained. Magnetization measurements indicate that the magnetic properties of the ferritin cores are unaffected by the silica infusion and calcination steps. This approach provides a simple and general way to fabricate functionalized mesoporous materials with defined pore structures. C1 [Watkins, James J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hess, David M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.; Tomczak, Melanie M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Rinaldi, Carlos] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Watkins, JJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM watkins@polysci.umass.edu RI Rinaldi, Carlos/C-9409-2011 OI Rinaldi, Carlos/0000-0001-8886-5612 FU AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0022]; National Science Foundation through the Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing [CMMI053171, CBET 0529034] FX Funding for this work was provided by AFOSR (FA9550-06-1-0022) and the National Science Foundation through the Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing (CMMI053171) and (CBET 0529034). NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 26 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2125 EP 2129 DI 10.1021/cm802748j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 448YI UT WOS:000266297500018 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, LP Murray, JM Krishnamurthy, S Guha, S AF Gonzalez, Leonel P. Murray, Joel M. Krishnamurthy, Srinivasan Guha, Shekhar TI Wavelength dependence of two photon and free carrier absorptions in InP SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID Z-SCAN; PROPAGATION; INDEX AB Nonlinear absorption at 1.064 and 1.535 mu m wavelengths by two photon and free carrier absorption processes in undoped and Fe doped InP has been investigated. Using picosecond and nanosecond duration lasers, a self-consistent set of the two photon and free carrier absorption coefficients are experimentally obtained through nonlinear transmission measurements for the first time. Reduced carrier recombination lifetime caused a decrease in nonlinear absorption of nanosecond duration laser pulses in Fe doped samples. (c) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Murray, Joel M.; Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gonzalez, Leonel P.; Murray, Joel M.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Krishnamurthy, Srinivasan] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gonzalez, LP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM leo.gonzalez@gdit.com RI Murray, Joel/C-2960-2008 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 25 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 11 BP 8741 EP 8748 DI 10.1364/OE.17.008741 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 450DW UT WOS:000266382200006 PM 19466123 ER PT J AU He, WJ Marconi, VC Castiblanco, J Kulkarni, H Clark, RA Dolan, MJ Weiss, RA Ahuja, SK AF He, Weijing Marconi, Vincent C. Castiblanco, John Kulkarni, Hemant Clark, Robert A. Dolan, Matthew J. Weiss, Robin A. Ahuja, Sunil K. TI Response: Association of Duffy Antigen Genotypes with HIV-AIDS Susceptibility SO CELL HOST & MICROBE LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION C1 [Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] USAF, Infect Dis Serv, Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [He, Weijing; Castiblanco, John; Kulkarni, Hemant; Clark, Robert A.; Ahuja, Sunil K.] S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect 1, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [He, Weijing; Castiblanco, John; Kulkarni, Hemant; Clark, Robert A.; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, IDCRP, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] SAMMC, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.; Dolan, Matthew J.] SAMMC, Lackland AFB, TX 78234 USA. [Dolan, Matthew J.] USAF, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Weiss, Robin A.] UCL, Div Infect & Immun, London W1T 4JF, England. RP Dolan, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Infect Dis Serv, Med Ctr, Wilford Hall, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM matthew.dolan@lackland.af.mil; r.weiss@ucl.ac.uk; ahujas@uthscsa.edu RI CASTIBLANCO, JOHN/B-6599-2009; Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI CASTIBLANCO, JOHN/0000-0002-7965-9822; Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; CASTIBLANCO, JOHN/0000-0003-2556-3697 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1931-3128 J9 CELL HOST MICROBE JI Cell Host Microbe PD MAY 21 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 5 BP 418 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.chom.2009.05.007 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 450RZ UT WOS:000266419800006 ER PT J AU Powers, JF Osswald, MB AF Powers, J. F. Osswald, M. B. TI Off-label chemotherapy use in a military treatment facility SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 29-JUN 02, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 [Powers, J. F.; Osswald, M. B.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY 20 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 15 SU S MA 6631 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 582OF UT WOS:000276606604478 PM 27961812 ER PT J AU Salem, AA Semiatin, SL AF Salem, A. A. Semiatin, S. L. TI Anisotropy of the hot plastic deformation of Ti-6Al-4V single-colony samples SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Deformation mechanisms; Ti-6Al-4V; Single-colony; Critical resolved shear stress; High temperature ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HEXAGONAL SYMMETRY; TITANIUM-ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE; ZIRCONIUM; BEHAVIOR; WORKING; FLOW AB The critical resolved shear stresses (CRSSs) and flow curves for the seven possible slip systems in Ti-6Al-4V with a lamellar microstructure were determined via high-temperature uniaxial compression testing. For this purpose, samples with a rectangular cross section were cut from single colonies grown using a float-zone technique and then tested at 815 degrees C. Each sample was oriented for single slip along one of seven different slip systems in the alpha phase; i.e., one of the three < 11 (2) over bar0 > {10 (1) over bar0) (prism < a >), the three < 11 (2) over bar0 > {0 0 0 1} (basal < a >), or the (c+a) (pyramidal) systems was activated by orienting specific samples to have the highest Schmid factor on that particular system. Measurements of the CRSS at yielding and the subsequent flow behavior revealed a strong dependence of mechanical behavior on colony orientation/activated slip system. The anisotropy in the CRSS and the tendency for flow softening at large strains was rationalized on the basis of the Burgers orientation relationship between the alpha (hcp) lamellae and the beta (bcc) matrix and hence the orientation of alpha slip directions relative to those in the beta phase. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Salem, A. A.; Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Salem, AA (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ayman.salem@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502 FU Air Force [F33615-03-D-5801] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research activities of the Metals Processing Group of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. J. Fuller, program manager) are gratefully acknowledged. The yeoman assistance of J.M. Scott, P.N. Fagin, and F. Meisenkothen in conducting the experimental work is much appreciated. One of the authors (AAS) was supported through Air Force Contract F33615-03-D-5801. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 20 PY 2009 VL 508 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2008.12.035 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 436YI UT WOS:000265451600016 ER PT J AU Collins, PC Welk, B Searles, T Tiley, J Russ, JC Fraser, HL AF Collins, P. C. Welk, B. Searles, T. Tiley, J. Russ, J. C. Fraser, H. L. TI Development of methods for the quantification of microstructural features in alpha plus beta-processed alpha/beta titanium alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Microstructural quantification; Stereology; Titanium ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB A set of stereological procedures has been developed for the rigorous quantification of microstructural features resolvable using scanning electron microscopy in alpha + beta-processed alpha/beta titanium alloys. This paper identifies the four microstructural features that most likely influence the mechanical properties in alpha + beta-processed titanium alloy, including: the size of the equiaxed alpha, the volume fraction of the equiaxed alpha, the volume fraction of total alpha, and the thickness of the Widmanstatten alpha laths. The details regarding the quantification methodologies are provided, as are the origins of the associated uncertainties. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Collins, P. C.; Welk, B.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Searles, T.] Rolls Royce Co, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. [Russ, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Collins, PC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM collins.457@osu.edu RI Collins, Peter/A-4961-2016 OI Collins, Peter/0000-0002-3441-2981 FU Office of Naval Research [2626753] FX The development of the stereology procedures has occurred at the Center for the Accelerated Maturation of Materials at The Ohio State University, in collaboration with Dr. John Russ at North Carolina State University. The alpha + beta-processed Ti-6Al-4V samples for this work have been provided from industrial partners under the Metals Affordability Initiative (MAI program) program (Air Force Office of Scientific Research). The analysis of uncertainties and sources of error has occurred as part of the further development of the stereology procedures presented in this paper and has been funded by the Office of Naval Research, program # 2626753 Direct-3-Dimensional (D-3D), Dr.julie Christodoulou, program officer. NR 13 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 20 PY 2009 VL 508 IS 1-2 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2008.12.038 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 436YI UT WOS:000265451600025 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Ragot, BR AF Kahler, S. W. Ragot, B. R. TI Viewing radiation signatures of solar energetic particles in interplanetary space SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solar energetic particles; Interplanetary magnetic fields; Coronal mass ejections ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; RESONANT TRANSITION RADIATION; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; RADIO-EMISSION; NEUTRAL ATOMS; FLARES; MISSION; BURSTS; SHOCKS; WIND AB A current serious limitation oil the studies of solar energetic particle (SEP) events is that their properties in the inner heliosphere are studied only through in situ spacecraft observations. Our understanding of spatial distributions and temporal variations of SEP events has come through statistical Studies of many such events over several solar cycles. In contrast, flare SEPs in the solar corona can be imaged through their radiative and collisional interactions with solar fields and particles. We suggest that the heliospheric SEPs may also interact with heliospheric particles and fields to produce signatures which call be remotely observed and imaged. A challenge with any such candidate signature is to separate it from that of flare SEPs. The optimum case for imaging high-energy (E > 100 MeV) heliospheric protons may be the emission of pi(0)-decay gamma-rays following proton collisions with solar wind (SW) ions. In the case of E > 1 MeV electrons. gyrosynchrotron radio emission may be the most readily detectible remote signal. In both cases we may already have observed one or two such events. Another radiative signature front nonthermal particles may be resonant transition radiation, which has likely already been observed from solar flare electrons. We discuss energetic neutrons as another possible remote signature, but we rule Out gamma-ray line and 0.511 MeV positron annihilation emission as observable signatures of heliospheric energetic ions. We are already acquiring global signatures of large inner-heliospheric SW density features and of heliosheath interactions between the SW and interstellar neutral ions. By finding an appropriate observable signature of remote heliospheric SEPs. we Could Supplement the in situ observations with global maps of energetic SEP events to provide a comprehensive view of SEP events. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Kahler, S. W.; Ragot, B. R.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1484 EP 1490 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.01.013 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 448QC UT WOS:000266276100003 ER PT J AU Hauck, FR Neese, BH Panchal, AS El-Amin, W AF Hauck, Fern R. Neese, Brian H. Panchal, Amiesha S. El-Amin, Wendi TI Identification and Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID THERAPY; METAANALYSIS; MORTALITY; ASSAY; RISK AB Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a condition in which a person is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but does not currently have active tuberculosis disease. An estimated 10 to 15 million persons in the United States have LTBI. Because 5 to 10 percent of persons with LTBI are at risk of progressing to active disease, identification and treatment of LTBI are essential for the elimination of tuberculosis. Screening is recommended for high-risk persons, including immigrants; residents and employees of congregate living facilities; and persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Targeted tuberculin skin testing remains the most acceptable method of LTBI screening. New tests are being developed, the most promising of which are in vitro interferon-gamma release assays. All screened persons found to have LTBI should be offered treatment, regardless of age. Before initiating treatment, active tuberculosis must be ruled out by patient history, physical examination, and chest radiography. The treatment of choice for LTBI is isoniazid for nine months. Hepatotoxicity is the most severe adverse effect. Isoniazid should be discontinued if transaminase levels are greater than three times the upper limit of normal in symptomatic patients or five times the upper limit of normal in asymptomatic patients. (Am Fam Physician. 2009;79(10):879-886. Copyright (C) 2009 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 [Hauck, Fern R.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Neese, Brian H.] USAF, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Hauck, FR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Family Med, POB 800729, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM frh8e@virginia.edu NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAY 15 PY 2009 VL 79 IS 10 BP 879 EP 886 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 447VD UT WOS:000266219200006 PM 19496388 ER PT J AU Tate, JE Bunning, ML Lott, L Lu, XY Su, J Metzgar, D Brosch, L Panozzo, CA Marconi, VC Faix, DJ Prill, M Johnson, B Erdman, DD Fonseca, V Anderson, LJ Widdowson, MA AF Tate, Jacqueline E. Bunning, Michel L. Lott, Lisa Lu, Xiaoyan Su, John Metzgar, David Brosch, Lorie Panozzo, Catherine A. Marconi, Vincent C. Faix, Dennis J. Prill, Mila Johnson, Brian Erdman, Dean D. Fonseca, Vincent Anderson, Larry J. Widdowson, Marc-Alain TI Outbreak of Severe Respiratory Disease Associated with Emergent Human Adenovirus Serotype 14 at a US Air Force Training Facility in 2007 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 16-19, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA ID MILITARY RECRUITS; YOUNG-ADULTS; LARGE EPIDEMIC; RISK-FACTORS; VIRUS WATCH; INFECTIONS; ILLNESS; SURVEILLANCE; TYPE-4; CHILDREN AB Background. In 2007, a US Air Force training facility reported a cluster of severe respiratory illnesses associated with a rare human adenovirus (Ad) serotype, Ad14. We investigated this outbreak to better understand its epidemiology, clinical spectrum, and associated risk factors. Methods. Data were collected from ongoing febrile respiratory illness (FRI) surveillance and from a retrospective cohort investigation. Because an Ad7 vaccine is in development, Ad7 antibody titers in pretraining serum samples from trainees with mild and those with severe Ad14 illness were compared. Results. During 2007, an estimated 551 (48%) of 1147 trainees with FRI were infected with Ad14; 23 were hospitalized with pneumonia, 4 required admission to an intensive care unit, and 1 died. Among cohort members (n = 173), the Ad14 infection rate was high (50%). Of those infected, 40% experienced FRI. Nocohort members were hospitalized. Male sex (risk ratio [RR], 4.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.2-10.1]) and an ill close contact (RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.2-2.2]) were associated with infection. Preexisting Ad7 neutralizing antibodies were found in 7 (37%) of 19 Ad14-positive trainees with mild illness but in 0 of 16 trainees with Ad14 pneumonia (P = .007). Conclusions. Emergence of Ad14, a rare Ad serotype, caused a protracted outbreak of respiratory illness among military recruits. Most infected recruits experienced FRI or milder illnesses. Some required hospitalization, and 1 died. Natural Ad7 infection may protect against severe Ad14 illness. C1 [Tate, Jacqueline E.; Lu, Xiaoyan; Panozzo, Catherine A.; Prill, Mila; Johnson, Brian; Erdman, Dean D.; Anderson, Larry J.; Widdowson, Marc-Alain] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Su, John] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Bunning, Michel L.; Brosch, Lorie] USAF, Med Grp 37, San Antonio, TX USA. [Lott, Lisa] Off AF Surg Gen, Modernizat Directorate, San Antonio, TX USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Su, John; Fonseca, Vincent] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. [Metzgar, David; Faix, Dennis J.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Tate, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clinton Rd NE,MS-A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jqt8@cdc.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014; OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689; Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933 NR 35 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2009 VL 199 IS 10 BP 1419 EP 1426 DI 10.1086/598520 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 437TK UT WOS:000265509600003 PM 19351260 ER PT J AU Webb, DF Howard, TA Fry, CD Kuchar, TA Mizuno, DR Johnston, JC Jackson, BV AF Webb, D. F. Howard, T. A. Fry, C. D. Kuchar, T. A. Mizuno, D. R. Johnston, J. C. Jackson, B. V. TI Studying geoeffective interplanetary coronal mass ejections between the Sun and Earth: Space weather implications of Solar Mass Ejection Imager observations SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ARRIVAL TIMES; WIND; MODELS; STORMS; SHOCK; SMEI; CME AB Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are the primary cause of severe space weather at Earth because they drive shocks and trigger geomagnetic storms that can damage spacecraft and ground-based systems. The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) is a U. S. Air Force experiment with the ability to track ICMEs in white light from near the Sun to Earth and beyond, thus providing an extended observational range for forecasting storms. We summarize several studies of SMEI's detection and tracking capability, especially of the ICMEs associated with the intense (peak Dst <= -100 nT) geomagnetic storms that were the focus of the NASA Living With a Star Geostorm Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop. We describe the SMEI observations and analyses for the 18 intense storms observed from May 2003-2007 with adequate SMEI coverage and identified solar and interplanetary source regions. SMEI observed the associated ICMEs for 89% of these intense storms. For each event we extracted the time differences between these sets of times at 1 AU for shock arrival time, predicted ICME arrival time, onset of high-altitude aurora observed by SMEI, and storm onset. The mean intervals between successive pairs of these data were found to each be similar to 4 hours. On average, SMEI first detected the geoeffective ICME about 1 day in advance, yielding a prediction lead time of similar to 18 hours. Finally, the RMS values for the ICME-shock and storm-ICME time differences were determined, and provide at least a 1-hour improvement compared to similar observational and model-dependent studies. C1 [Webb, D. F.; Howard, T. A.; Mizuno, D. R.; Johnston, J. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Fry, C. D.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Howard, T. A.] Natl Solar Observ, USAF, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Jackson, B. V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Webb, D. F.; Kuchar, T. A.; Mizuno, D. R.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Webb, DF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM david.webb.ctr@hanscom.af.mil NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAY 14 PY 2009 VL 7 AR S05002 DI 10.1029/2008SW000409 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 446EU UT WOS:000266104300001 ER PT J AU Lu, YL Chen, XB AF Lu, Yalin Chen, Xiaobing TI Plasmon-enhanced luminescence in Yb3+:Y2O3 thin film and the potential for solar cell photon harvesting SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gold; insulating thin films; nanofabrication; nanoparticles; photoluminescence; sapphire; solar cells; surface plasmon resonance; ytterbium; yttrium compounds ID NANOPARTICLES; SENSITIVITY; RESONANCE AB Photoluminescence in Yb3+:Y2O3 thin films grown on sapphire substrates are enhanced using arrays of gold nanoparticles having different shape aspect ratios. The enhanced photoluminescence is attributed to the resonance of localized surface plasmon resonance modes of gold nanoparticles with multiple optical transition lines of the doped Yb3+ ions. Its potential as an effective means for solar cell photon harvesting through efficient frequency shifting is also discussed, considering the demonstrated benefits of broad spectral response and much relaxed tolerance for nanofabrication. C1 [Lu, Yalin] US AF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Chen, Xiaobing] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Phys Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225002, Peoples R China. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), US AF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Chinese National Science Foundation (CNSF) FX This research is supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). Dr. X. B. Chen appreciates the support from the Chinese National Science Foundation (CNSF) NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 11 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 19 AR 193110 DI 10.1063/1.3133340 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448LF UT WOS:000266263400059 ER PT J AU Chimenti, RV Dierking, MP Powers, PE Haus, JW AF Chimenti, Robert V. Dierking, Matthew P. Powers, Peter E. Haus, Joseph W. TI Sparse frequency LFM ladar signals SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC AMBIGUITY FUNCTION; WAVE-FORM DESIGN; INTERFEROMETRY; SYSTEM; RADAR AB Through modeling we explored the possibility of utilizing a sparse frequency linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal for laser radar (ladar) applications. We propose a potential transmit and receive experiment utilizing the superposition of two LFM laser sources with a known difference frequency to provide the necessary segmented bandwidth. Finally we analyzed the signal performance of the proposed system showing that the range resolution of the signal can be improved by two to three times while utilizing the same modulator bandwidth as that of a continuous LFM signal. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Chimenti, Robert V.; Powers, Peter E.; Haus, Joseph W.] Univ Dayton, Ladar & Opt Commun Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Chimenti, Robert V.; Powers, Peter E.; Haus, Joseph W.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Dierking, Matthew P.] USAF, Res Lab, RYJM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Powers, Peter E.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Chimenti, RV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Ladar & Opt Commun Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM robchime@msn.com FU U.S. Air Force [FA8650-062-1081]; University of Dayton Ladar and Optical Communications Institute (LOCI) FX This effort was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force through contract number FA8650-062-1081, and the University of Dayton Ladar and Optical Communications Institute (LOCI). The authors would like to extend special thanks to Nicholas Miller, Bradley Duncan, Igor Anisimov, and everyone else at LOCI for their help and support. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect on the official policy of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 11 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 10 BP 8302 EP 8309 DI 10.1364/OE.17.008302 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 450DT UT WOS:000266381900061 PM 19434163 ER PT J AU Ma, L Cai, WW Caswell, AW Kraetschmer, T Sanders, ST Roy, S Gord, JR AF Ma, Lin Cai, Weiwei Caswell, Andrew W. Kraetschmer, Thilo Sanders, Scott T. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Tomographic imaging of temperature and chemical species based on hyperspectral absorption spectroscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION; RECONSTRUCTION; PARAMETERS; NUMBER; ENGINE; LASER AB A novel technique has been developed to obtain simultaneous tomographic images of temperature and species concentration based on hyperspectral absorption spectroscopy. The hyperspectral information enables several key advantages when compared to traditional tomography techniques based on limited spectral information. These advantages include a significant reduction in the number of required projection measurements, and an enhanced insensitivity to measurements/inversion uncertainties. These advantages greatly facilitate the practical implementation and application of the tomography technique. This paper reports the development of the technique, and the experimental demonstration of a prototype sensor in a near-adiabatic, atmospheric-pressure laboratory Hencken burner. The spatial and temporal resolution enabled by this new sensing technique is expected to resolve several key issues in practical combustion devices. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Ma, Lin; Cai, Weiwei] Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Caswell, Andrew W.; Kraetschmer, Thilo; Sanders, Scott T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM LinMa@clemson.edu RI Ma, Lin/A-9441-2012; cai, weiwei/Q-5932-2016 OI cai, weiwei/0000-0003-3589-7500 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-08-C-2856, F33615-03-D-2329]; Clemson University Research Grant FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Phase II SBIR Contract No. FA8650-08-C-2856 and Contract No. F33615-03-D-2329 and by a Clemson University Research Grant. Some components used in the construction of the fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter laser (FFP-TFL) were provided by the NSF/DARPA-sponsored Photonics Technology Access Program (PTAP) program, monitored by Marko Slusarczuk. Finally, special thanks are also due to six anonymous reviewers. Their comments are indeed comprehensive and thoughtful, and have helped to strengthen multiple aspects of this paper. NR 24 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 11 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 10 BP 8602 EP 8613 DI 10.1364/OE.17.008602 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 450DT UT WOS:000266381900091 PM 19434193 ER PT J AU Ragot, BR AF Ragot, B. R. TI STATISTICS OF TURBULENT FIELD VARIATIONS, NON-GAUSSIANITY AND INTERMITTENCY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; magnetic fields; plasmas; turbulence; waves ID PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; SLOW SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; KOLMOGOROV ENTROPY; LINES; FLUCTUATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DISPLACEMENT AB Statistics of magnetic field and velocity variations are important to the study of turbulence. Their departure from Gaussianity on the short separation scales has long been recognized and ascribed to intermittency. Non-Gaussian log-normal statistics of field-line separations are now predicted, however, from simple nonfluctuating turbulence Fourier spectra that do not model any intermittency, and one may wonder how this result may impact our interpretation of the statistics of field variations. It is shown in this paper how the intermittency of the turbulence can be taken into account to estimate the distributions of field-line separations and of field variations from the simple Fourier-spectra calculations. The first accurate theory/modeling predictions for the observed in situ distributions of turbulent field variations are thereby made, free of parameter adjustment. Magnetic field data from Helios 2 and Wind are used for the validation. Because the field variations are measured between points of constant separation and not between real field lines, intermittency remains the main cause for the observed non-Gaussianity of the statistics of field variations on the short scales, even if spatial limitations and/or short-scale phase correlations could also contribute to the deviations from Gaussianity. C1 [Ragot, B. R.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Ragot, BR (reprint author), Helio Res, POB 1414, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. FU NASA; NSF; National Space Weather Program FX This research was started while the author held a National Research Council/AFOSR Senior Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. It was also partially cofunded by NASA and NSF under the Programs for Solar and Heliospheric Physics and for Solar Terrestrial Research in Support of the National Space Weather Program, respectively. The author is grateful to A. Szabo for providing high-resolution magnetic field data from the MFI experiment onboard Wind. Helios 2 data were downloaded from the COHO Web site at http://cohoweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2009 VL 696 IS 2 BP 1576 EP 1588 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/696/2/1576 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 441IO UT WOS:000265762700044 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF Koerner, H Phillips, DM McAuliffe, JC Kumar, M Farmer, BL Vaia, RA Naik, RR AF Drummy, Lawrence F. Koerner, Hilmar Phillips, David M. McAuliffe, Joseph C. Kumar, Manoj Farmer, B. L. Vaia, Richard A. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Repeat sequence proteins as matrices for nanocomposites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Silk; Elastin; Clay; Composites; Biomaterials ID SILK-ELASTINLIKE HYDROGELS; NYLON 6-CLAY HYBRID; CATIONIC POLYELECTROLYTES; SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MONTMORILLONITE CLAY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BOMBYX-MORI; BEHAVIOR; SUSPENSIONS AB Recombinant protein-inorganic nanocomposites comprised of exfoliated Na(+) montmorillonite (MMT) in a recombinant protein matrix based on silk-like and elastin-like amino acid motifs (silk elastin-like protein (SELP)) were formed via a solution blending process. Charged residues along the protein backbone are shown to dominate long-range interactions, whereas the SELP repeat sequence leads to local protein/MMT compatibility. Up to a 50% increase in room temperature modulus and a comparable decrease in high temperature coefficient of thermal expansion occur for cast films containing 2-10 wt.% MMT. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Drummy, Lawrence F.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.; Koerner, Hilmar; Phillips, David M.; Farmer, B. L.; Vaia, Richard A.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Koerner, Hilmar; Phillips, David M.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [McAuliffe, Joseph C.; Kumar, Manoj] Genencor Int Inc, Biomat Grp, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Drummy, LF (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. EM lawrence.drummy@wpafb.af.mil; rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD MAY 5 PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1266 EP 1272 DI 10.1016/j.msec.2008.10.014 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 485QX UT WOS:000269139900034 ER PT J AU Pacardo, DB Sethi, M Jones, SE Naik, RR Knecht, MR AF Pacardo, Dennis B. Sethi, Manish Jones, Sharon E. Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. TI Biomimetic Synthesis of Pd Nanocatalysts for the Stille Coupling Reaction SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE peptides; Pd nanoparticles; catalysis; Stille coupling; bioinspired nanotechnology ID PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; PEPTIDES; NANOSTRUCTURES; HYDROGENATION; STABILITY AB Here we report on the biomimetic synthesis of Pd nanoparticles for use as models of green catalytic systems. The nanomaterials are synthesized using peptides isolated via phage-display techniques that are specific to Pd surfaces. Using this synthetic strategy, peptide-functionalized Pd nanoparticles of 1.9 +/- 0.3 nm in diameter are produced, which are soluble and stable in aqueous solutions. Once characterized, these biobased materials were then used as catalysts to drive the formation of C-C bonds using the Stille coupling reaction. Under the conditions of an aqueous solvent at room temperature, quantitative product yields were achieved within 24.0 h employing catalyst loadings of >= 0.005 mol % of Pd. Additionally, high TOF values of 3207 +/- 269 mol product . (mol Pd . h)(-1) have been determined for these materials. The catalytic reactivity was then examined over a set of substrates with substitutions for both functional group and halide substituents, demonstrating that the peptide-based Pd nanoparticles are reactive toward a variety of functionalities. Taken together, these bioinspired materials represent unique model systems for catalytic studies to elucidate ecologically friendly reactive species and conditions. C1 [Pacardo, Dennis B.; Sethi, Manish; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jones, Sharon E.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Knecht, MR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, 101 Chem Phys Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM mrknec2@email.uky.edu RI Sethi, Manish/C-7922-2013 OI Sethi, Manish/0000-0002-5440-7602 FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; University of Kentucky FX Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of this research (M.K.) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (R.N.). Further support from the University of Kentucky is also acknowledged. We thank L. Jackson and Dr. B. C. Lynn for MALDI-TOF characterization of the synthesized peptides, and Dr. A. Jakhmola for the R5 analysis. NR 40 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 8 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2009 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1288 EP 1296 DI 10.1021/nn9002709 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 449IH UT WOS:000266323600034 PM 19422199 ER PT J AU Tiley, J Viswanathan, GB Srinivasan, R Banerjee, R Dimiduk, DM Fraser, HL AF Tiley, J. Viswanathan, G. B. Srinivasan, R. Banerjee, R. Dimiduk, D. M. Fraser, H. L. TI Coarsening kinetics of gamma ' precipitates in the commercial nickel base Superalloy Rene 88 DT SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Coarsening kinetics; Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM); Three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP); Ni base superalloys; Rene 88 ID NI-CR-AL; 3-DIMENSIONAL ATOM-PROBE; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION; VOLUME FRACTION; MICROSTRUCTURAL FEATURES; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; RHENIUM ADDITION; ALLOYS; PHASE; STRESS AB Rene 88 DT samples were subjected to different cooling rates after it supersolvus treatment, and aged for varying periods of time from 25 to 200 h at 760 degrees C. Primary and secondary gamma' precipitate sizes were measured after each heat treatment. Coarsening rate constants Were calculated and reported based on the measured precipitate sizes. When describing the change in radius (r) as a function of time (1). fits between the experimental results and analysis were investigated for two types Of functional relationships. r(3) vs. t and r(2) vs. I. The experimental rate constants derived front this analysis were compared with analytical values deduced front two different models: volume diffusion and bulk diffusion through the interface. The applicability of the two mechanisms for gamma' coarsening is discussed based upon the comparison between the analytically derived and experimentally observed values of these rate constants. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Viswanathan, G. B.; Srinivasan, R.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Tiley, J.; Dimiduk, D. M.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM rajagopalan.5@osu.edu NR 61 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 6 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 57 IS 8 BP 2538 EP 2549 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.02.010 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 443CD UT WOS:000265886900019 ER PT J AU Ivasishin, OM Shevchenko, SV Semiatin, SL AF Ivasishin, O. M. Shevchenko, S. V. Semiatin, S. L. TI Implementation of exact grain-boundary geometry into a 3-D Monte-Carlo (Potts) model for microstructure evolution SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Recrystallization; Grain growth; Grain-boundary inclination; Monte-Carlo technique ID POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GROWTH; RECRYSTALLIZATION; TITANIUM; KINETICS; COPPER AB A three-dimensional Monte-Carlo (Potts) model was modified to incorporate the effect of grain-boundary inclination on boundary mobility. For this purpose, a straightforward geometric construction was developed to determine the local orientation of the grain-boundary plane. The combined effects of grain-boundary plane and misorientation on the effective grain-boundary mobility were incorporated into the Monte-Carlo code using the definition of the tilt-twist component. The modified code was validated by simulating grain growth in microstructures comprising equiaxed or elongated grains as well as the static recrystallization of a microstructure of deformed (elongated) grains. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ivasishin, O. M.; Shevchenko, S. V.] Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); MISR European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR/EOARD) [P-262] FX The present work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the MISR European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AFOSR/EOARD) (W.S. Sanders and K.J. LaRochelle, Program Managers) within the framework of STCU Partner Project P-262. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 57 IS 9 BP 2834 EP 2844 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.02.034 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 447GT UT WOS:000266180300026 ER PT J AU Mertens, CJ Winick, JR Picard, RH Evans, DS Lopez-Puertas, M Wintersteiner, PP Xu, XJ Mlynczak, MG Russell, JM AF Mertens, Christopher J. Winick, Jeremy R. Picard, Richard H. Evans, David S. Lopez-Puertas, Manuel Wintersteiner, Peter P. Xu, Xiaojing Mlynczak, Martin G. Russell, James M., III TI Influence of solar-geomagnetic disturbances on SABER measurements of 4.3 mu m emission and the retrieval of kinetic temperature and carbon dioxide SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SABER; Temperature; Carbon Dioxide (CO2); Infrared remote sensing; Non-LTE; Radiation Transfer; Ionosphere E-Region; Magnetic Storms; E-Region Ion-Neutral Chemistry ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; ROTATIONALLY EXCITED NO+; ION-MOLECULE REACTION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; AURORAL ELECTRONS; UPPER MESOSPHERE; INFRARED BANDS; LIMB EMISSION; GROUND-STATE; CO2 AB Thermospheric infrared radiance at 4.3 mu m is susceptible to the influence of solar-geomagnetic disturbances. Ionization processes followed by ion-neutral chemical reactions lead to vibrationally excited NO+ (i.e., NO+(v)) and subsequent 4.3 mu m emission in the ionospheric E-region. Large enhancements of nighttime 4.3 mu m emission were observed by the TIMED/SABER instrument during the April 2002 and October-November 2003 solar storms. Global measurements of infrared 4.3 mu m emission provide an excellent proxy to observe the nighttime E-region response to auroral dosing and to conduct a detailed study of E-region ion-neutral chemistry and energy transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, we find that photoionization processes followed by ion-neutral reactions during quiescent. daytime conditions increase the NW concentration enough to introduce biases in the TIMED/SABER operational processing of kinetic temperature and CO2 data, with the largest effect at summer solstice. In this paper. we discuss solar storm enhancements of 4.3 mu m emission observed from SABER and assess the impact of NO+ (v) 4.3 mu m emission on quiescent. daytime retrievals of Tk/CO2 from the SABER instrument. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR C1 [Mertens, Christopher J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Winick, Jeremy R.; Picard, Richard H.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Evans, David S.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lopez-Puertas, Manuel] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Wintersteiner, Peter P.] ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. [Xu, Xiaojing] SSAI Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Mlynczak, Martin G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Mertens, CJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,MS 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Christopher.J.Mertens@nasa.gov; jeremy.winick@hanscom.af.mil; richard.picard@hanscom.af.mil; David.S.Evans@noaa.gov; puertas@iaa.es; winters@arcon.com; xiaojing_xu@ssaihq.com; Martin.G.Mlynczak@nasa.gov; james.russell@hamptonu.edu RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Lopez Puertas, Manuel/M-8219-2013 OI Lopez Puertas, Manuel/0000-0003-2941-7734 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1325 EP 1336 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.029 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 442DV UT WOS:000265821100003 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, S. W. TI Variation of SEP event occurrence with heliospheric magnetic field magnitudes SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solar energetic particles; Interplanetary magnetic fields; Coronal mass ejections ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; SOLAR PROTON EVENTS; FAST-WIND REGIONS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; COSMIC-RAY; PERSPECTIVE AB Recent work based on nitrate abundances in polar ice cores has shown that large fluence solar energetic (E > 30 MeV) particle (LSEP) events during the spacecraft era of observations (1960-present) are diminished in comparison with those of sonic preceding eras detected in the ice cores dating back to 1561. McCracken et al. [McCracken, K.G., Dreschhoff, G.A.M., Smart, D.F., Shea, M.A. A Study of the frequency of occurrence of large-fluence solar proton events and the strength of the interplanetary magnetic field. Sol. Phys., 224, 359-372, 2004] have reported in inverse correlation bcoxcen LSEP events and the magnitudes of the associated reconstructed heliospheric magnetic fields (HMF). A physical working model by McCracken [McCracken, K.G. Changes in the cosmic ray and heliomagnetic components of space climate, 1428-2005, including the variable occurrence of solar energetic particle events. Adv. Space Res.. 40. 1070-1077, 2007a; McCracken, K.G. High frequency of occurrence of large solar energetic particle events prior to 1958 and a possible repetition in the near future, Space Weather, 5, S07004, 2007b] is that the lower HMF and coronal magnetic field B imply that fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) produce shocks with enhanced Alfvenic Mach numbers M(A) and higher compression ratios r, leading to shock production Of More numerous and energetic LSEP events. From a possible decline of the HMF over the next several solar cycles lie has urged a watch for a return to the environment of high-frequency, high-fluence LSEP events preceding the Current spacecraft era. His LSEP event watch involves three independent questions about ( I) the physical model, (2) the prediction of decreasing solar-cycle Sunspot numbers and heliomagnetic fields, and (3) the inferred anti-correlation between LSEP events and HMFs. Here we discuss observational evidence bearing on the last question and find little support for the claimed LSEP-HMF anticorrelation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, 29 Rnadolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM stephen.kahler@hanscom.af.mil NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1423 EP 1428 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.01.039 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 442DV UT WOS:000265821100013 ER PT J AU Stanfield, SA Menart, J DeJoseph, C Kimmel, RL Hayes, JR AF Stanfield, Scott A. Menart, James DeJoseph, Charles, Jr. Kimmel, Roger L. Hayes, James R. TI Rotational and Vibrational Temperature Distributions for a Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Air SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 38th Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference CY JUN 25-28, 2007 CL Miami, FL SP AIAA ID PLASMA ACTUATORS; GAS TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPIC DIAGNOSTICS; SEPARATION CONTROL; MIXTURES; NITROGEN; MECHANISMS; RESPONSES; EMISSION; SURFACE AB Spatially resolved rotational and vibrational temperatures for N(2) and rotational temperatures for N(2)(+), as a function of voltage,have been obtained for an asymmetric surface mode dielectric barrier discharge using emission spectroscopy. The rotational temperatures were obtained from a nonlinear least-squares fit of a two-temperature theoretical spectrum with the measured spectra of the N(2)(C(3)Pi(u) - B(3)Pi(g)) and N(2)(+)(B(2)Sigma(+)(u) - X(2)Sigma(+)(g)) systems. The vibrational temperatures were obtained by applying the Boltzmann plot method to the Delta v = -2 sequence of the N(2) (C(3)Pi(u) - B(3)Pi(g)) electronic band system. It was observed that the rotational temperatures for N(2) and N(2)(+) decreased in the induced flow direction and increased with increasing voltage. Values started at 390 +/- 10 K and decreased to 340 +/- 10 K for N(2) and started at 500 +/- 15 K and decreased to 450 +/- 15 K for N(2)(+). The vibrational temperatures also decreased in the induced How direction from 3250 to 2850 +/- 300 K. A difference in rotational temperatures between N(2) and N(2)(+) was observed for all voltages studied, and these differences increased with increasing voltage. The rotational temperatures of both species fluctuated in the spanwise direction. These fluctuations damped out in the streamwise direction and were weakly correlated with the attachment point, of the microdischarges on the edge of the exposed electrode. C1 [Stanfield, Scott A.; Menart, James] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [DeJoseph, Charles, Jr.; Kimmel, Roger L.; Hayes, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanfield, SA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM stanfield.3@wright.edu; james.menart@wright.edu NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1107 EP 1115 DI 10.2514/1.37648 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 438WH UT WOS:000265586200005 ER PT J AU Otto, HF Calabria, CW AF Otto, Huns F. Calabria, Christopher W. TI A case of severe refractory chronic urticaria: A novel method for evaluation and treatment SO ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol DE Autologous sweat skin test; cholinergic urticaria; omalizumab; pilocarpine iontophoresis; sweat collection; urticaria; Xolair ID CHOLINERGIC URTICARIA; OMALIZUMAB; SWEAT; DIAGNOSIS AB With cholinergic urticaria (ChU), the ultimate diagnosis often depends on the demonstration of characteristic urticaria by appropriate provocation. Several treatment options may be helpful bat traditional options (antihistamines, leukotriene inhibitors, and immunosuppressives) may be exhausted by the refractory ChU patient. Here, we describe such a case. Demonstration of immediate hypersensitivity to autologous sweat skin testing (ASwST) may provide a rationale for use of omalizumab (Xolair, Genentech Novartis, South San Francisco, CA). Patients with severe ChU may have difficulty producing sufficient quantities of sweat for ASwST given that the very effort that produces the sample exacerbates ChU. Generation of sweat by iontophoresis with pilocarpine nitrate can be performed at many large medical centers. The procedure is simple, safe, and produces varying amounts of sweat depending oil the individual. This sweat can then be used for ASwST. Our patient had a positive ASwST with appropriate positive and negative controls. Oar testing methods were validated by negative ASwST, saline control, and positive histamine control in a nonatopic, nonurticarial control patient. By the patient's second injection of omalizumab, her quality of life score was significantly improved, as were leer daily medication scores and exercise tolerance. We describe the first case of a patient with severe refractory ChU who had a positive ASwST by a novel collection method who has been successfully treated with omalizumab. We present a novel tool for the evaluation and demonstration of sweat-specific IgE in ChU patients who are unable to provide sweat by more traditional means. C1 [Otto, Huns F.; Calabria, Christopher W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Otto, HF (reprint author), 59 MDOS,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM hans.otto@lackland.af.mil NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1088-5412 J9 ALLERGY ASTHMA PROC JI Allergy Asthma Proc. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 3 BP 333 EP 337 DI 10.2500/aap.2009.30.3237 PG 5 WC Allergy SC Allergy GA 459HX UT WOS:000267093500015 PM 19549434 ER PT J AU Wells, RD Mason, P Roarty, J Dooley, M AF Wells, Ryan D. Mason, Phillip Roarty, Joseph Dooley, Melissa TI Comparison of initial antibiotic choice and treatment of cellulitis in the pre- and post-community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus eras SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SKIN INFECTIONS; CHILDREN AB Treatment Success of cellulitis in the age of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMRSA). A comparison of initial antibiotic choice and treatment Success in the pre- and post-CAMRSA eras. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine antibiotic prescribing patients and treatment failure rates for cellulitis in the pre- and post-CAMRSA eras. Methods: We performed an electronic chart review of patients seen in Our emergency department with cellulitis in 2000 and 2005. Inclusion Criteria included age IS years or more and received a single oral antibiotic for cellulitis. Exclusion criteria were incision and drainage, Surgery, or admission on initial visit. Treatment failure was defined as a repeat visit in the subsequent 30 days and a change in antibiotics, admission to the hospital, incision and drainage of abscess, or surgical intervention. Antibiotic-prescribing practices and treatment failure rates were then compared in the pre- and post-CAMRSA eras. Results: There was a significant decrease in beta-lactam antibiotics and an increase in CAMRSA-effective antibiotics prescribed in 2005 vs 2000. The difference in treatment failure rates of the beta-lactams and CAMRSA antibiotics was statistically insignificant. There has not been an increase in failure rates of the beta-lactam antibiotics for simple Cellulitis since the emergence of CAMRSA. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that prescribing practices for simple cellulitis have changed since the emergence of CAMRSA. This may not be appropriate because beta-lactam antibiotics perform as well as 'CAMRSA antibiotics' in Our study. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wells, Ryan D.; Mason, Phillip] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Wells, Ryan D.; Mason, Phillip; Roarty, Joseph; Dooley, Melissa] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Wells, RD (reprint author), Ventura CMH, Emergency Dept, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. EM ryandreal@gmail.com; phillipmason@yahoo.com; jroarty26@gmail.com; md2bdoc@gmail.com NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 27 IS 4 BP 436 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2008.03.026 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 446KP UT WOS:000266120800010 PM 19555614 ER PT J AU Edmonds, LD Jesinger, RA AF Edmonds, Lance D. Jesinger, Robert A. TI Disappearing Colonic Diverticulosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Edmonds, Lance D.; Jesinger, Robert A.] Travis Air Force Base, Med Ctr, David Grant US Air Force, Fairfield, CA USA. RP Edmonds, LD (reprint author), Travis Air Force Base, Med Ctr, David Grant US Air Force, Fairfield, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 192 IS 5 BP W267 EP W267 DI 10.2214/AJR.08.2059 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 436BJ UT WOS:000265387300057 PM 19380535 ER PT J AU Recinos, G Inaba, K Dubose, J Barmparas, G Teixeira, PGR Talving, P Plurad, D Green, D Demetriades, D AF Recinos, Gustavo Inaba, Kenji Dubose, Joseph Barmparas, Galinos Teixeira, Pedro G. R. Talving, Peep Plurad, David Green, Donald Demetriades, Demetrios TI Epidemiology of Sternal Fractures SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article ID VEHICLE CRASH; TRAUMA CENTER; CHEST TRAUMA; INJURY; MANAGEMENT AB The epidemiology of sternal fractures has been poorly described. The objective of this study was to examine the demographics, outcomes and injuries associated with sternal fractures. The trauma registry at a level I trauma center was retrospectively reviewed to identify all patients with sternal fractures over a 10 year period. Demographic data collected included age, gender, mechanism of injury and injury severity score. Patients were analyzed according to age <= 55 or > 55 years. During the 10-year study period, a total of 37,087 patients were admitted to the emergency department. Of these, 125 (0.33%) had a sternal fracture. The average age was 44 +/- 17 years, with 76.0 per cent being male. The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle collision (68%) followed by auto vs. pedestrian (18%). Associated rib fractures occurred in 49.6% of the population, cardiac contusions in 8.0%, thoracic aortic injuries in 4.0 per cent and heart lacerations in 2.4 per cent of patients. Associated rib fractures were more likely to occur in patients over the age of 55 (66.7% vs 44.2%, P = 0.032) as well as a traumatic hemothorax (15.8% vs 40.0%, P = 0.005). However, no significant difference in mortality was observed between the two age groups (16.8% vs. 26.7%, OR: 0.56, 95% Cl, 0.21 to 1.47; P = 0.234). Sternal fractures are a rare sequela of blunt trauma. Associated injuries are common, including rib fractures and soft tissue contusions. Associated cardiac and aortic injuries are rare but highly lethal and should be screened for on the initial chest CT scan. After appropriate exclusion of associated injuries, the majority of patients diagnosed with a sternal fracture following blunt trauma can be safely discharged to home. C1 [Recinos, Gustavo; Inaba, Kenji; Barmparas, Galinos; Teixeira, Pedro G. R.; Talving, Peep; Plurad, David; Green, Donald; Demetriades, Demetrios] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles Cty Med Ctr, Div Trauma & Surg Crit Care, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Dubose, Joseph] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Gen & Surg Crit Care Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Inaba, K (reprint author), 1200 N State St,Inpatient Tower C,5th Floor,Room, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM kinaba@surgery.usc.edu RI Teixeira, Pedro/H-2239-2011; Talving, Peep/G-8621-2015 OI Teixeira, Pedro/0000-0002-7258-7977; Talving, Peep/0000-0002-9741-2073 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 75 IS 5 BP 401 EP 404 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 436OO UT WOS:000265423900010 PM 19445291 ER PT J AU Rans, TS England, R AF Rans, Tonya S. England, Ronald TI The evolution of gene therapy in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS; GAMMA-CHAIN; RETROVIRUS; DIFFERENTIATION; RECONSTITUTION; TRANSCRIPTION; OPTIMIZATION; DEFICIENCY AB Objectives: To review the evolution of gene therapy in infants with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XL-SCID) and to evaluate the current challenges facing this evolving field. Data Sources: The MEDLINE, OVID, CINAHL, and HealthSTAR databases were searched to identify pertinent articles using the following keywords: gene therapy, XL-SCID, bone marrow transplant, and viral vectors. Study Selection: Journal articles were selected for their relevance to human gene therapy in patients with XL-SCID. Results: Gene therapy with a retrovirus-derived vector has been used to treat 20 patients with XL-SCID internationally. Although most patients derived improvements in T- and B-cell immune numbers and function, severe adverse effects have occurred. After gene therapy, 5 of the 20 patients developed leukemia. This outcome has been associated with insertion of the corrected gene near the T-cell proto-oncogene LMO2. One of the 5 patients subsequently died. Conclusions: Within the past decade, effective improvements in vectorology and cell culture conditions have resulted in clinical success in some infants with SCID and have revived interest after many years of setbacks. However, clinical success and significant adverse events have been reported in patients with XL-SCID who have undergone gene therapy using a retroviral vector. As extensive research into improving safety through vector development and monitoring of gene therapy continues, further progress in gene therapy development can be anticipated. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009; 102:357-363. C1 [Rans, Tonya S.; England, Ronald] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Rans, TS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Tonya.rans@nellis.af.mil NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 102 IS 5 BP 357 EP 363 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 442QR UT WOS:000265856200002 PM 19492655 ER PT J AU Spicer, CW Holdren, MW Cowen, KA Joseph, DW Satola, J Goodwin, B Mayfield, H Laskin, A Alexander, ML Ortega, JV Newburn, M Kagann, R Hashmonay, R AF Spicer, Chester W. Holdren, Michael W. Cowen, Kenneth A. Joseph, Darrell W. Satola, Jan Goodwin, Bradley Mayfield, Howard Laskin, Alexander Alexander, M. Lizabeth Ortega, John V. Newburn, Matthew Kagann, Robert Hashmonay, Ram TI Rapid measurement of emissions from military aircraft turbine engines by downstream extractive sampling of aircraft on the ground: Results for C-130 and F-15 aircraft SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Jet engine emissions; Turbine engine; Emission factor; Emission index; Hazardous air pollutants; Afterburner emissions; Military aircraft ID USE COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; AIR; IMPACT; AIRPORT; MODEL AB Aircraft emissions affect air quality on scales from local to global. More than 20% of the jet fuel used in the U.S. is consumed by military aircraft, and emissions from this source are facing increasingly stringent environmental regulations, so improved methods for quickly and accurately determining emissions from existing and new engines are needed. This paper reports results of a study to advance the methods used for detailed characterization of military aircraft emissions, and provides emission factors for two aircraft: the F-15 fighter and the C-130 cargo plane. The measurements involved outdoor ground-level sampling downstream behind operational military aircraft. This permits rapid change-out of the aircraft so that engines can be tested quickly on operational aircraft. Measurements were made at throttle settings from idle to afterburner using a simple extractive probe in the dilute exhaust. Emission factors determined using this approach agree very well with those from the traditional method of extractive sampling at the exhaust exit. Emission factors are reported for CO(2), CO, NO, NO(x), and more than 60 hazardous and/or reactive organic gases. Particle size, mass and composition also were measured and are being reported separately. Comparison of the emissions of nine hazardous air pollutants from these two engines with emissions from nine other aircraft engines is discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Spicer, Chester W.] SpiceAir Consulting, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. [Holdren, Michael W.] Sci Consulting, Columbus, OH USA. [Cowen, Kenneth A.; Joseph, Darrell W.; Satola, Jan; Goodwin, Bradley] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Mayfield, Howard] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Laskin, Alexander; Alexander, M. Lizabeth; Newburn, Matthew] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ortega, John V.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kagann, Robert; Hashmonay, Ram] Arcadis G&M, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Spicer, CW (reprint author), SpiceAir Consulting, 2703 Mt Holyoke Rd, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. EM spiceair@columbus.rr.com RI Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [W912HQ-05-C-0002] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of SMSgts Wayne Ashley and Gary Dunlap at the Kentucky Air National Guard Base, and their aircraft maintenance team, Mengdawn Cheng of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Edwin Corporan of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base for their collaboration during the C-130 testing, and Lt. Eric Cappell and MSgt. Jeff Durrence and the staff of the Tyndall Air Force Base trim pad facility during the F-15 test program. We also wish to acknowledge the contributions of our deceased Battelle colleague Tony Wisbith. Some of the measurement techniques were provided by the Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. This study was conducted with funding support from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under contract W912HQ-05-C-0002. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 43 IS 16 BP 2612 EP 2622 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.012 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 448PA UT WOS:000266273300012 ER PT J AU Harbaugh, S Kelley-Loughnane, N Davidson, M Narayanan, L Trott, S Chushak, YG Stone, MO AF Harbaugh, Svetlana Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Davidson, Molly Narayanan, Latha Trott, Sandra Chushak, Yaroslav G. Stone, Morley O. TI FRET-Based Optical Assay for Monitoring Riboswitch Activation SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ETCH VIRUS PROTEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; RNA; TRANSLATION; BIOLOGY AB Riboswitches are regulatory RNAs located in the 5'-untranslated region of mRNA sequences that recognize and bind to small molecules and regulate the expression of downstream genes. Creation of synthetic riboswitches to novel ligands depends on the ability to monitor riboswitch activation in the presence of analyte. In our work, we have coupled a synthetic riboswitch to an optical reporter assay based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two genetically encoded fluorescent proteins. The theophylline-sensitive riboswitch was placed upstream of the Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) protease coding sequence. Our FRET construct was composed of eGFP and a nonfluorescent yellow fluorescent protein mutant called REACh (for resonance energy-accepting chromoprotein) connected with a peptide linker containing a TEV protease cleavage site. Addition of theophylline to the E. coli cells activates the riboswitch and initiates the translation of mRNA. Synthesized protease cleaves the linker in the FRET-based fusion protein causing a change in the fluorescence signal. By this method, we observed an 11-fold increase in cellular extract fluorescence in the presence of theophylline. The advantage of using an eGFP-REACh pair is the elimination of acceptor fluorescence. This leads to an improved detection of FRET via better signal-to-noise ratio, allowing us to monitor riboswitch activation in a wide range of analyte concentrations from 0.01 to 2.5 mM. C1 [Harbaugh, Svetlana; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Davidson, Molly; Narayanan, Latha; Stone, Morley O.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Chushak, Yaroslav G.] USA, Biotechnol HPC Software Applicat Inst, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Stone, MO (reprint author), USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM morley.stone@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP); High Performance Computing Software Applications Institutes (HSAI) FX We acknowledge the efforts of Sandra Dias and John Lynch. This work was supported by funds provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and by the U.S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP), under the High Performance Computing Software Applications Institutes (HSAI) initiative. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD MAY PY 2009 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1055 EP 1060 DI 10.1021/bm801117f PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 443ML UT WOS:000265914200005 PM 19358526 ER PT J AU Diukic, LP Herszberg, I Walsh, WR Schoeppner, GA Prusty, BG Kelly, DW AF Diukic, Luke P. Herszberg, Israel Walsh, William R. Schoeppner, Gregory A. Prusty, B. Gangadhara Kelly, Don W. TI Contrast enhancement in visualisation of woven composite tow architecture using a MicroCT Scanner. Part 1: Fabric coating and resin additives SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Micro-Computed Tomography; Fabrics/textiles; Polymer matrix composites (PMCs); Microstructures ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CT; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; GADOLINIUM; REDUCTION; ARTIFACTS AB MicroCT scanning is a non-destructive inspection method which was used to visualise tow architecture in woven composites with the ultimate goal of three-dimensional model generation. This has been achieved in the past for glass fabric composites, but is problematic when applied to carbon fabrics. Using X-rays, it is difficult to discriminate between elements of the composite, particularly the region between co-aligned neighbouring tows. This presents difficulty when viewing such composites using X-ray MicroCT scanning. Additives were used to enhance contrast during scanning. The most successful techniques were coating of fabrics with gold, copper, and an iodine contrast agent. Resin particle additive techniques were also trialled, with limited success. Good visualisations of glass fabrics were possible without contrast enhancement. Three-dimensional reconstructions of interior tow architectures were then made from the scans of contrast enhanced specimens. This research can be viewed as a starting point in developing methods for generating contrast between neighbouring tows within a three-dimensional woven preform using MicroCT scanning. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Diukic, Luke P.; Prusty, B. Gangadhara; Kelly, Don W.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Herszberg, Israel] Cooperat Res Ctr Adv Composite Struct Ltd, Fishermans Bend, Vic 3207, Australia. [Walsh, William R.] Univ New S Wales, Surg & Orthopaed Res Labs, Div Surg, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Schoeppner, Gregory A.] USAF, Res Labs, Dayton, OH USA. RP Diukic, LP (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM l.djukic@student.unsw.edu.au FU AFOSR/AOARD [AOARD07-4003] FX This work was supported by the AFOSR/AOARD Grant AOARD07-4003 "Enhancement of tow visualisation in 3-D woven composites", program manager, Dr. J.P. Singh. Grateful acknowledgement is also given to Rod Sweeting, Wayne Hillier, Michael Marelli, Ben Qi and Van Bui from CRC-ACS Bankstown for assisting in sample preparation. jenny Norman from UNSW and Owen Wayman, Sydney South West Private Hospital are acknowledged for helpful discussions in radiographic methods. John Pettitt from the Regional Health Care Group is acknowledged for providing the Isovue 370 samples. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 40 IS 5 BP 553 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.12.016 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 450BE UT WOS:000266375200001 ER PT J AU Cochran, JK Roche, KT AF Cochran, Jeffery K. Roche, Kevin T. TI A multi-class queuing network analysis methodology for improving hospital emergency department performance SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Multi-class queuing networks; Capacity planning; Hospitals; Emergency department ID MANAGEMENT AB This paper derives an open queuing network model of an emergency department (ED) design intended to increase the capacity of an ED to treat patients. The methodology captures hospital-specific differences in patient acuity mix, arrival patterns and volumes, and efficiencies of processes in a single common computational model. A spreadsheet implementation of the resulting queuing equations is used by managers, in real time, to size ED areas using waiting time and overflow probability is quality of service targets. Non-homogeneous arrival patterns, non-exponential service time distributions, and multiple patient types are all incorporated. The methodology has been applied to a fleet of hospitals for validation. Results from one of them are used to demonstrate the methodology. Scope and purpose Population growth, closure of emergency departments (EDs) nearby, or seasonal peak variation can cause ED patient wait times to increase dramatically. Prolonged waits induce patients to leave the ED before receiving treatment, creating a public health problem. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new paradigm of ED care that reduces "walk-aways", and increases ED access, through an operational research method that customizes to any hospital through the use of hospital-specific data elements. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cochran, Jeffery K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roche, Kevin T.] Arizona State Univ, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Hlth & Human Syst Lab, Dept Ind Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Cochran, JK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffrey.cochran@afit.edu FU HRQ under Partnership in Patient Safety [HSO15921-01] FX We wish to thank leadership at Banner Health for their support and interest, to all of Management Engineering, and to James Broyles of the Health and Human Systems Laboratory at ASU. This work was funded by AHRQ under Partnership in Patient Safety Grant #HSO15921-01 whose PI is Twila Burdick of Banner Health. NR 27 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1497 EP 1512 DI 10.1016/j.cor.2008.02.004 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 400QD UT WOS:000262882500011 ER PT J AU Kacprowicz, RF Lloyd, JD AF Kacprowicz, Robert F. Lloyd, Jeremy D. TI Electrolyte Complications of Malignancy SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Malignancy; Electrolytes; Hypoglycemia; Hyponatremia; Hypercalcemia; Hyperphosphatemia ID CENTRAL PONTINE MYELINOLYSIS; TUMOR-INDUCED HYPOGLYCEMIA; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; OF-THE-LITERATURE; SYMPTOMATIC HYPONATREMIA; RAPID CORRECTION; SERUM SODIUM; HYPERCALCEMIA; MANAGEMENT; PATIENT AB A thorough working knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities in cancer patients, especially hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, and hypercalcemia, is essential to the successful practice of emergency medicine. Although most minor abnormalities have no specific treatment, severe clinical manifestations of several notable electrolytes occur with significant frequency in the setting of malignancy. The treatment of life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities is reviewed here. Promising future treatments directed at the underlying physiology are also introduced. C1 [Kacprowicz, Robert F.; Lloyd, Jeremy D.] USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Kacprowicz, Robert F.; Lloyd, Jeremy D.] San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Hlth Educ Consortium Residency Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Kacprowicz, Robert F.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Kacprowicz, RF (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Wilford Hall,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1-59 EMDS, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM robert.kacprowicz@lackland.af.mil NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0733-8627 EI 1558-0539 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 257 EP + DI 10.1016/j.emc.2009.01.007 PG 14 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 460SF UT WOS:000267206700008 PM 19447310 ER PT J AU Ol, MV Bernal, L Kang, CK Shyy, W AF Ol, Michael V. Bernal, Luis Kang, Chang-Kwon Shyy, Wei TI Shallow and deep dynamic stall for flapping low Reynolds number airfoils SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID INSECT FLIGHT; TRANSLATING AIRFOIL; PITCHING AIRFOIL; VORTEX FORMATION; AERODYNAMICS; SEPARATION; EFFICIENCY; WINGS; WAKE AB We consider a combined experimental (based on flow visualization, direct force measurement and phase-averaged 2D particle image velocimetry in a water tunnel), computational (2D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) and theoretical (Theodorsen's formula) approach to study the fluid physics of rigid-airfoil pitch-plunge in nominally two-dimensional conditions. Shallow-stall (combined pitch-plunge) and deep-stall (pure-plunge) are compared at a reduced frequency commensurate with flapping-flight in cruise in nature. Objectives include assessment of how well attached-flow theory can predict lift coefficient even in the presence of significant separation, and how well 2D velocimetry and 2D computation can mutually validate one another. The shallow-stall case shows promising agreement between computation and experiment, while in the deep-stall case, the computation's prediction of flow separation lags that of the experiment, but eventually evinces qualitatively similar leading edge vortex size. Dye injection was found to give good qualitative match with particle image velocimetry in describing leading edge vortex formation and return to flow reattachment, and also gave evidence of strong spanwise growth of flow separation after leading-edge vortex formation. Reynolds number effects, in the range of 10,000-60,000, were found to influence the size of laminar separation in those phases of motion where instantaneous angle of attack was well below stall, but have limited effect on post-stall flowfield behavior. Discrepancy in lift coefficient time history between experiment, theory and computation was mutually comparable, with no clear failure of Theodorsen's formula. This is surprising and encouraging, especially for the deep-stall case, because the theory's assumptions are clearly violated, while its prediction of lift coefficient remains useful for capturing general trends. C1 [Ol, Michael V.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Bernal, Luis; Kang, Chang-Kwon; Shyy, Wei] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ol, MV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. EM Michael.Ol@wpafb.af.mil; lpb@umich.edu; kangck@umich.edu; weishyy@umich.edu OI Shyy, Wei/0000-0001-6670-5394 NR 40 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAY PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 883 EP 901 DI 10.1007/s00348-009-0660-3 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 442ZT UT WOS:000265880700012 ER PT J AU Visbal, MR Gordnier, RE Galbraith, MC AF Visbal, Miguel R. Gordnier, Raymond E. Galbraith, Marshall C. TI High-fidelity simulations of moving and flexible airfoils at low Reynolds numbers SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; FLOWS AB The present paper highlights results derived from the application of a high-fidelity simulation technique to the analysis of low-Reynolds-number transitional flows over moving and flexible canonical configurations motivated by small natural and man-made flyers. This effort addresses three separate fluid dynamic phenomena relevant to small fliers, including: laminar separation and transition over a stationary airfoil, transition effects on the dynamic stall vortex generated by a plunging airfoil, and the effect of flexibility on the flow structure above a membrane airfoil. The specific cases were also selected to permit comparison with available experimental measurements. First, the process of transition on a stationary SD7003 airfoil section over a range of Reynolds numbers and angles of attack is considered. Prior to stall, the flow exhibits a separated shear layer which rolls up into spanwise vortices. These vortices subsequently undergo spanwise instabilities, and ultimately breakdown into fine-scale turbulent structures as the boundary layer reattaches to the airfoil surface. In a time-averaged sense, the flow displays a closed laminar separation bubble which moves upstream and contracts in size with increasing angle of attack for a fixed Reynolds number. For a fixed angle of attack, as the Reynolds number decreases, the laminar separation bubble grows in vertical extent producing a significant increase in drag. For the lowest Reynolds number considered (Re (c) = 10(4)), transition does not occur over the airfoil at moderate angles of attack prior to stall. Next, the impact of a prescribed high-frequency small-amplitude plunging motion on the transitional flow over the SD7003 airfoil is investigated. The motion-induced high angle of attack results in unsteady separation in the leading edge and in the formation of dynamic-stall-like vortices which convect downstream close to the airfoil. At the lowest value of Reynolds number (Re (c) = 10(4)), transition effects are observed to be minor and the dynamic stall vortex system remains fairly coherent. For Re (c) = 4 x 10(4), the dynamic-stall vortex system is laminar at is inception, however shortly afterwards, it experiences an abrupt breakdown associated with the onset of spanwise instability effects. The computed phased-averaged structures for both values of Reynolds number are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, the effect of structural compliance on the unsteady flow past a membrane airfoil is investigated. The membrane deformation results in mean camber and large fluctuations which improve aerodynamic performance. Larger values of lift and a delay in stall are achieved relative to a rigid airfoil configuration. For Re (c) = 4.85 x 10(4), it is shown that correct prediction of the transitional process is critical to capturing the proper membrane structural response. C1 [Visbal, Miguel R.; Gordnier, Raymond E.; Galbraith, Marshall C.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Visbal, MR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM miguel.visbal@wpafb.af.mil FU DoD HPC Major Shared Resource Center FX The authors are grateful for AFOSR sponsorship under tasks monitored by Dr. J. Schmisseur. This work was also supported in part by a grant of HPC time from the DoD HPC Major Shared Resource Center at AFRL, WPAFB. The authors are grateful to M. OL, R. Radespiel and J. Windte for their kind assistance with their experimental data sets. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAY PY 2009 VL 46 IS 5 BP 903 EP 922 DI 10.1007/s00348-009-0635-4 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 442ZT UT WOS:000265880700013 ER PT J AU Usechak, NG Hostetler, JL AF Usechak, Nicholas G. Hostetler, John L. TI Single-Shot, High-Speed, Thermal-Interface Characterization of Semiconductor Laser Arrays SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE High-power lasers; semiconductor device testing; semiconductor laser arrays; single-shot thermal measurements; thermal modeling ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DOT LASERS; DIODES; WAVELENGTH; EFFICIENCY; THRESHOLD; EMISSION; CIRCUITS; DYNAMICS AB Through a detailed characterization of thermally induced output power degradation it is possible to use junction heating as a tool to resolve thermal interfaces on mu s timescales using a single-shot characterization technique. In this work, the deleterious effect junction heating has on the optical output power of a laser array is characterized and then used to infer the time-dependent junction temperature in response to current pulses of varying widths. The extracted parameters are also used numerically to model the laser as a temperature-dependent heat source for thermal simulations. This treatment allows realistic packaging and emitter-placement studies to be parametrically performed by incorporating the relationship between temperature and output power/efficiency for each emitter. In this respect, once the temperature behavior of a single emitter is quantified, the operating temperature and output power performance can be accurately predicted for any realistic physical arrangement of laser array and packaging. The experimental method presented in this work is also compared to other techniques and numerical simulations using the nonlinear heat source; this demonstrates the utility of this approach and the convenience of using easily measured parameters in thermal simulations. C1 [Usechak, Nicholas G.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hostetler, John L.] TRUMPF Photon Inc, Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA. RP Usechak, NG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nicholas.usechak@wpatb.af.mil; john.hostetler@us.trumpf.com NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 531 EP 541 DI 10.1109/JQE.2009.2013097 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 451EU UT WOS:000266454300013 ER PT J AU Naderi, NA Pochet, M Grillot, F Terry, NB Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Naderi, Nader A. Pochet, Mike Grillot, Frederic Terry, Nathan B. Kovanis, Vassilios Lester, Luke F. TI Modeling the Injection-Locked Behavior of a Quantum Dash Semiconductor Laser SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE High-speed modulation; injection-locking; quantum dash; semiconductor laser ID LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; HIGH-SPEED; BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT; MODULATION BANDWIDTH; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE; LIGHT INJECTION; DOT LASERS; LOCKING; NOISE; STABILITY AB Using the conventional rate equations describing an injection-locked system, a novel modulation response function is derived, which implicitly incorporates nonlinear gain through the free-running relaxation oscillation frequency and damping rate of the slave laser. In this paper, it is shown that the model presented can be used to extract the characteristic parameters of the coupled system from experimental data. The number of fitting parameters in the model is reduced by determining the fundamental slave parameters through the conventional free-running response function; these parameters are considered to be constant during the curve-fitting of the injection-locked system. Furthermore, in order to reduce the number of possible solutions generated during the least-squares-fitting process, the remaining fitting parameters are tightly constrained based on the physical limits of the coupled system. By reducing the number of unknown fitting parameters and constraining the remaining terms, a stronger confidence in the extracted parameters is achieved. Using a series of response curves measured from an injection-locked quantum dash laser, characteristic parameters of the system are extracted and validity of the model is examined. The verified model is used to analyze the impact of the linewidth enhancement factor on the characteristics of the response function in the microwave domain. C1 [Naderi, Nader A.; Pochet, Mike; Grillot, Frederic; Lester, Luke F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Terry, Nathan B.; Kovanis, Vassilios] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naderi, NA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM nader@chtm.unm.edu; mpochet@unm.edu; fgrillot@chtm.unm.edu; nathan.terry@wpafb.af.mil; vassilios.kovanis@wpafb.af.mil; luke@chtm.unm.edu RI Grillot, Frederic/N-5613-2014 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-06-1-0085]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Laboratory Research Initiation Request (LRIR) [09RY04COR] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA8750-06-1-0085. The work of N. Terry and V. Kovanis was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Laboratory Research Initiation Request (LRIR) 09RY04COR. NR 24 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 563 EP 571 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2015334 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 457LE UT WOS:000266928700012 ER PT J AU Usechak, NG Xin, YC Lin, CY Lester, LF Kane, DJ Kovanis, V AF Usechak, Nicholas G. Xin, Yongchun Lin, Chang-Yi Lester, Luke F. Kane, Daniel J. Kovanis, Vassilios TI Modeling and Direct Electric-Field Measurements of Passively Mode-Locked Quantum-Dot Lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Delay differential equations (DDEs); mode-locked semiconductor lasers; quantum-dot lasers ID LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; GAIN; POWER AB A delay differential equation model of a passively mode-locked two-section quantum-dot laser reveals pulse asymmetry that is experimentally confirmed through direct electric-field measurements using frequency-resolved optical gating. This finding indicates that conventional autocorrelators, which obscure the underlying pulse structure due to the symmetry inherent in auto-correlation, are of limited utility in the characterization of these lasers. C1 [Usechak, Nicholas G.; Kovanis, Vassilios] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Xin, Yongchun; Lin, Chang-Yi; Lester, Luke F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Kane, Daniel J.] SW Sci Inc, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. RP Usechak, NG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nicholas.usechak@us.af.mil; yxin@us.ibm.com; cylin@unm.edu; luke@chtm.unm.edu; djkane@swsciences.com; vassilios.kovanis@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-07-M1182]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [09RY04COR] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Number FA8650-07-M1182 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Contract LRIR 09RY04COR. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X EI 1558-4542 J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 653 EP 660 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.2012268 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 457LE UT WOS:000266928700022 ER PT J AU Doczy, EJ Seroogy, K Harrison, CR Herman, JP AF Doczy, Erica J. Seroogy, Kim Harrison, Catherine R. Herman, James P. TI Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis, Glucocorticoids, and Neurologic Disease SO IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review DE Stress; Glucocorticoid; Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis; Neurologic disease; Cortisol; Neurotrama ID CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE RESPONSES; HIPPOCAMPAL CA3C NEURONS; STRESS-INDUCED ATROPHY; INDUCED CELL-DEATH; PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS; RAT-BRAIN; ADRENAL AXIS AB Neurologic diseases are often accompanied by significant life stress and consequent increases in stress hormone levels. Glucocorticoid stress hormones are known to have deleterious interactions with neurodegenerative processes, and are hypersecreted in neurologic disorders as well as in comorbid psychiatric conditions, such as depression. This article highlights the state of our knowledge on mechanisms controlling activation and inhibition of glucocorticoid secretion, outlines signaling mechanisms used by these hormones in neural tissue, and describes how endogenous glucocorticoids can mediate neuronal damage in various models of neurologic disease. The article highlights the importance of controlling stress and consequent stress hormone secretion in the context of neurologic disease states. C1 [Doczy, Erica J.; Herman, James P.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, GRI E, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. [Seroogy, Kim] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. [Doczy, Erica J.; Harrison, Catherine R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Herman, JP (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, GRI E, ML 0506,2170 E Galbraith Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45237 USA. EM james.herman@uc.edu RI Herman, James/D-4960-2015 OI Herman, James/0000-0003-3571-2406 FU NIH [AG12962, AG10836, NS060114] FX This article was supported by NIH grants AG12962 (Herman), AG10836 (Herman), and NS060114 (Seroogy). NR 137 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0889-8561 EI 1557-8607 J9 IMMUNOL ALLERGY CLIN JI Immunol. Allerg. Clin. North Am. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 265 EP + DI 10.1016/j.iac.2009.02.003 PG 21 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 450GI UT WOS:000266388600006 PM 19389581 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL Bhattacharjee, A Rosenberger, AH Williams, JC AF Pilchak, A. L. Bhattacharjee, A. Rosenberger, A. H. Williams, J. C. TI Low Delta K faceted crack growth in titanium alloys SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloys; Crack growth; Faceted growth; Overloads ID DWELL-SENSITIVE FATIGUE; QUASI-CLEAVAGE; MICROSTRUCTURE; FRACTURE; TI-6AL-4V; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PROPAGATION; FRACTOGRAPHY; ORIENTATION; INITIATION AB This communication describes the results of spectrum fatigue loading experiments conducted on cast and hot isostatically pressed Ti-6Al-4V. The purpose of the experiments is to elucidate the nature of faceted crack growth that occurs at low values of Delta K in titanium alloys during cyclic loading. The results clearly show that multiple load cycles are required for the crack to traverse one grain and produce a single facet. The confusing terminology related to low Delta K fatigue fracture topography is reviewed and the term "low Delta K faceted growth" is proposed as a preferred descriptor. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pilchak, A. L.; Bhattacharjee, A.; Williams, J. C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Rosenberger, A. H.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 W 19Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM pilchak.1@osu.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0089]; Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) [GRT869261] FX This work was performed with support from the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-06-1-0089 and from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) under Grant GRT869261. We also acknowledge J. Ault at Precision Castparts Corp. for providing the material for this study and R.E.A. Williams at OSU for many thought provoking discussions. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD MAY PY 2009 VL 31 IS 5 BP 989 EP 994 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.03.036 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 421JK UT WOS:000264355000020 ER PT J AU Funke, GJ Galster, SM AF Funke, Gregory J. Galster, Scott M. TI The effects of cognitive processing load and collaboration technology on team performance in a simulated command and control environment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Conference of the European-Association-of-Cognitive-Ergonomics/European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics CY AUG 28-31, 2007 CL London, ENGLAND SP European Assoc Cognit Ergon DE Collaboration technology; Command and control; Team performance; RoboFlag simulation AB Research addressing the effects of collaboration tools indicates that team task is an important moderator of task performance. However, little research has been conducted utilizing execution tasks [McGrath, J.E., 1984. Groups: Interaction and Performance. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ], even though such tasks represent a substantial portion of real-world teams' experiences. The current study addressed the effects of cognitive processing load and text-based collaborative tools on team performance in a simulated execution task. Thirty-two people served as paid participants in this study. Teams of two participants competed against a computer opponent in a RoboFlag simulation based on 'capture-the-flag.' As a manipulation of cognitive processing load, participants either could or could not see their teammates' simulated vehicles during a trial. In addition, participants were restricted to no communication, oral communication, text-based communication, or oral and text communication combined. Results indicated that cognitive processing load substantially impacted team performance and participants' subjective ratings of workload and situational awareness. Team communication conditions influenced workload, situational awareness, and team communications, but did not affect team performance. Overall, the results of the current experiment support previous research indicating that text-based communication may be as effective as oral communication during an execution task, and that factors such as shared task-specific knowledge may exert a greater influence on team performance than communication modality. Relevance to industry: The results obtained in this experiment help to further characterize the factors that affect performance in distributed collaborative environments, and may provide useful information to military organizations concerning the development of tactical displays and communication tools for command and control. More broadly, these results indicate that organizations engaged in distributed execution tasks do not need to be overly worried about the effects of text-based collaborative tools, such as instant messaging, on team performance. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Funke, Gregory J.] Consortium Res Fellows Program, Arlington, VA USA. [Galster, Scott M.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Funke, GJ (reprint author), Consortium Res Fellows Program, 2255 H St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gregory.funke@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 EI 1872-8219 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 SI SI BP 541 EP 547 DI 10.1016/j.ergon.2008.10.007 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 440RE UT WOS:000265716600009 ER PT J AU Morton, S AF Morton, Scott TI Detached-Eddy Simulations of Vortex Breakdown over a 70-Degree Delta Wing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB An understanding of the vortical structures that comprise the vortical flowfield around slender bodies is essential for the development of highly maneuverable and high angle-of-attack flight. This is primarily due to the physical limits this phenomenon imposes on aircraft and missiles at extreme flight conditions. Demands for more maneuverable air vehicles have pushed the limits of current computational fluid dynamics methods in the high Reynolds number regime. Simulation methods must be able to accurately describe the unsteady, vortical flowfields associated with fighter aircraft at Reynolds numbers more representative of full-scale vehicles. One of the goals of this paper is to demonstrate the ability of detached-eddy simulation, a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes large-eddy simulation method, to accurately predict the vortical flowfield over a slender delta wing at Reynolds numbers above 1 x 10(6). Although detached-eddy simulation successfully predicted the location of the vortex breakdown phenomenon in previous work, the goal of the current effort is to further validate the method with additional experimental data from the Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aerospatiales, such as surface pressures and turbulent kinetic energy in the vortex core. The effect of grid density and an adaptive mesh refinement technique is also assessed through comparisons with the experiment. Detailed wind-tunnel geometry, such as tunnel walls and the sting mount system, are simulated and found to make a measurable difference. Finally, modeling the laminar-to-turbulent transition is demonstrated to have a significant effect on the vortical flowfield. C1 [Morton, Scott] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 746 EP 755 DI 10.2514/1.4659 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 456ZQ UT WOS:000266894200002 ER PT J AU Snyder, MP Sanders, B Eastep, FE Frank, GJ AF Snyder, Matthew P. Sanders, Brian Eastep, Franklin E. Frank, Geoffrey J. TI Vibration and Flutter Characteristics of a Folding Wing SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Studies are presented that characterize the dynamic aeroelastic aspects of a morphing aircraft design concept. The notion of interest is a folding wing design resulting in large-scale wing area changes. A finite element approach is used to investigate the sensitivity of natural frequencies and flutter instabilities to the wing position (e.g., fold angle), actuator stiffness, and vehicle weight. Sensitivities in these areas drive design requirements and raise flight envelope awareness issues. The study is presented in two parts as a comparison between two models of varying complexity. A simple folding wing model, based on the Goland wing, is analyzed and result's are compared with a built-up structural model of the proposed full scale morphing vehicle. C1 [Snyder, Matthew P.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Sanders, Brian] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Eastep, Franklin E.; Frank, Geoffrey J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Snyder, MP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 791 EP 799 DI 10.2514/1.34685 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 456ZQ UT WOS:000266894200006 ER PT J AU Kim, YI Park, GJ Kolonay, RM Blair, M Canfield, RA AF Kim, Y. I. Park, G. J. Kolonay, R. M. Blair, M. Canfield, R. A. TI Nonlinear Dynamic Response Structural Optimization of a Joined-Wing Using Equivalent Static Loads SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB The joined-wing configuration that was published by Wolkovich in 1986 has been studied by many researchers (Wolkovich, J., "The Joined-Wing: An Overview," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1986, pp. 161-178. doi:10.2514/3.45285). The joined-wing airplane is defined as an airplane that incorporates tandem wings arranged to form diamond shapes from both the top and front views. The joined wing can lead to increased aerodynamic performances as well as a reduction in the structural weight. However, the joined wing has high geometric nonlinearity under the gust load. The gust load acts as a dynamic load. Therefore, nonlinear dynamic (transient) behavior of the joined wing should he considered in structural optimization. In previous research, linear dynamic response optimization and nonlinear static response optimization were performed. It is well known that conventional nonlinear dynamic response optimization is extremely expensive. Therefore, in this research, nonlinear dynamic response optimization of a joined wing is carried out by using equivalent static loads. The concept of equivalent static loads is expanded and newly proposed for nonlinear dynamic response optimization. Equivalent static loads are the load sets that generate the same response field in linear static analysis as that in nonlinear dynamic analysis. Therefore, nonlinear dynamic response optimization can be conducted by repeated use of linear response optimization. For the verification of efficiency of the proposed method, a simple nonlinear dynamic response optimization problem is introduced. The problem is solved by using both the equivalent static loads method and the conventional method with sensitivity analysis using the finite difference method. The procedure for nonlinear dynamic response optimization of a joined wing using equivalent static loads is explained, and the optimum results are discussed. C1 [Kim, Y. I.; Park, G. J.] Hanyang Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ansan 426791, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Kolonay, R. M.; Blair, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Canfield, R. A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, YI (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ansan 426791, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. EM gjpark@hanyang.ac.kr RI Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012 OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 821 EP 831 DI 10.2514/1.36762 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 456ZQ UT WOS:000266894200009 ER PT J AU Schiavetta, LA Boelens, OJ Crippa, S Cummings, RM Fritz, W Badcock, KJ AF Schiavetta, L. A. Boelens, O. J. Crippa, S. Cummings, R. M. Fritz, W. Badcock, K. J. TI Shock Effects on Delta Wing Vortex Breakdown SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 07-10, 2008 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID CRITERION AB It has been observed that delta wings placed in a transonic freestream can experience a sudden movement of the vortex breakdown location as the angle of incidence is increased. The current paper uses computational fluid dynamics to examine this behavior in detail. The study shows that a shock/vortex interaction is responsible. The balance of the vortex strength and axial flow and the shock strength are examined to provide an explanation of the sensitivity of the breakdown location. Limited experimental data are available to supplement the computational fluid dynamics results in certain key respects, and the ideal synergy between computational fluid dynamics and experiments for this problem is considered. C1 [Schiavetta, L. A.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Aerosp Engn, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Boelens, O. J.] NLR, Natl Aerosp Lab, Dept Flight Phys & Loads, Aerosp Vehicles Div, NL-1006 BM Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Crippa, S.] Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cummings, R. M.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Fritz, W.] EADS Mil Air Syst, D-81633 Munich, Germany. [Badcock, K. J.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 7BZ, Merseyside, England. RP Schiavetta, LA (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Aerosp Engn, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 903 EP 914 DI 10.2514/1.38792 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 456ZQ UT WOS:000266894200017 ER PT J AU Stepaniak, MJ van Graas, F de Haag, MU AF Stepaniak, Michael J. van Graas, Frank de Haag, Maarten Uijt TI Design of an Electric Propulsion System for a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID IRON LOSS; MACHINES; SPY AB A quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle has been developed at Ohio University's Avionics Engineering Center for use as a navigation sensor testbed. The quadrotor was designed with a 10 lb payload capacity, transforming what has typically been a lightweight airframe into a more robust platform. Specific design considerations included the characteristics of high-power brushless motors and electronic speed controllers, the variation of motor rotational losses with frequency, and the impact of heat dissipation within the battery packs. Simple feedback loops were sufficient to stabilize the platform. An accounting of the component efficiencies allowed for effective mission Planning based on the desired payload. The quadrotor, with a demonstrated ability to lift up to 10.6 lb, provides a convenient way to flight-test new sensor technology. C1 [Stepaniak, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [van Graas, Frank; de Haag, Maarten Uijt] Ohio Univ, Avion Engn Ctr, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Stepaniak, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This sensor platform supports theoretical research partially funded by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Jon Sjogren, Program Manager). The authors are grateful to Caleb White for designing the airframe and providing valuable experience to the project. The views expressed in this paperare those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1050 EP 1058 DI 10.2514/1.38409 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 456ZQ UT WOS:000266894200031 ER PT J AU Denegri, CM AF Denegri, Charles M., Jr. TI Simple Quantitative Method to Compare Aircraft Wing Mode Shapes SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION C1 USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Carriage Mech Div, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Denegri, CM (reprint author), USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Carriage Mech Div, 205 W D Ave,Suite 348, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1082 EP 1084 DI 10.2514/1.42777 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 456ZQ UT WOS:000266894200038 ER PT J AU Letz, AG Tankersley, MS Dice, JP England, RW AF Letz, Adrian G. Tankersley, Michael S. Dice, John P. England, Ronald W. TI Monitoring bacteriostasis in allergen extract mixing: 10 years of culture data SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Letz, Adrian G.; Tankersley, Michael S.; Dice, John P.; England, Ronald W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Letz, AG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM adrian.letz@lackland.af.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 123 IS 5 BP 1175 EP 1176 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.01.048 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 449CW UT WOS:000266309400030 PM 19251313 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Gumbs, G Lin, SY AF Huang, Danhong Gumbs, Godfrey Lin, Shawn-Yu TI Self-consistent theory for near-field distribution and spectrum with quantum wires and a conductive grating in terahertz regime SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; SURFACE-PLASMONS; SUPERLATTICES AB In the presence of the optical polarization produced by a quantum-wire array in proximity with a conductive grating on the top of a semi-infinite doped semiconductor with a period much smaller than the wavelength of an electromagnetic field, both the near-field distribution and spectra were studied. The calculations were carried out with the use of a self-consistent linear response theory for an impinging weak electromagnetic field, which, in turn, was determined from Maxwell's equations with an induced nonlocal polarization field. Due to a resonant quantum effect, we found that the quantum wires strongly enhanced not only the transmission field for p polarization but also the reflection field for s polarization. When the quantum wires were placed at an edge of the groove formed by a channel in the grating, the induced destructive interference between different discrete diffraction modes of a transverse field was found, which led to a dip in the reflection spectrum for both s and p polarizations as well as in the s-polarized transmission spectrum. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3116737] C1 [Huang, Danhong] Kirtland AFB, Space Vehicles Directorate, USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Lin, Shawn-Yu] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, New York, NY 12180 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), Kirtland AFB, Space Vehicles Directorate, USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM danhong.huang@kirtland.af.mil NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 9 AR 093715 DI 10.1063/1.3116737 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448LE UT WOS:000266263300084 ER PT J AU Yliniemi, EM Pellettiere, JA Doczy, EJ Nuckley, DJ Perry, CE Ching, RP AF Yliniemi, Eno M. Pellettiere, Joseph A. Doczy, Erica J. Nuckley, David J. Perry, Chris E. Ching, Randal P. TI Dynamic Tensile Failure Mechanics of the Musculoskeletal Neck Using a Cadaver Model SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE biological organs; biomechanics; bone; elastic constants; failure (mechanical) ID AIR BAG; BIOMECHANICS AB Although the catapult phase of pilot ejections has been well characterized in terms of human response to compressive forces, the effect of the forces on the human body during the ensuing ejection phases (including windblast and parachute opening shock) has not been thoroughly investigated. Both windblast and parachute opening shock have been shown to induce dynamic tensile forces in the human cervical spine. However, the human tolerance to such loading is not well known. Therefore, the main objective of this research project was to measure human tensile neck failure mechanics to provide data for computational modeling, anthropometric test device development, and improved tensile injury criteria. Twelve human cadaver specimens, including four females and eight males with a mean age of 50.1 +/- 9 years, were subjected to dynamic tensile loading through the musculoskeletal neck until failure occurred. Failure load, failure strain, and tensile stiffness were measured and correlated with injury type and location. The mean failure load for the 12 specimens was 3100 +/- 645 N, mean failure strain was 16.7 +/- 5.4%, and mean tensile stiffness was 172 +/- 54.5 N/mm. The majority of injuries (8) occurred in the upper cervical spine (Oc-C3), and none took place in the midcervical region (C3-C5). The results of this study assist in filling the existing void in dynamic tensile injury data and will aid in developing improved neck injury prevention strategies. C1 [Yliniemi, Eno M.; Nuckley, David J.; Ching, Randal P.] Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Appl Biomech Lab, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Pellettiere, Joseph A.; Doczy, Erica J.; Perry, Chris E.] USAF, Biomech Branch, Res Lab, AFRL RHPA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yliniemi, EM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Appl Biomech Lab, 501 Eastlake Ave E,Suite 102, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory via a subcontract through General Dynamics. The authors also wish to acknowledge the radiographic assistance of Dheera Ananthakrishnan, M.D., University of Washington Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2009 VL 131 IS 5 AR 051001 DI 10.1115/1.3078151 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 434PA UT WOS:000265285400001 PM 19388771 ER PT J AU Kang, W Ross, IM Pham, K Gong, Q AF Kang, Wei Ross, I. Michael Pham, Khanh Gong, Qi TI Autonomous Observability of Networked Multisatellite Systems SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB The focus of this paper is on the development of observability theory and estimation algorithms for multisatellite systems. The results could have applications in space missions that require minimum support from ground control centers and other systems such as the Global Positioning System. The main results consist of 1) the observability of two satellites, either cooperative or noncooperative, using relative measurements only, 2) a computational method for networked multiagent systems to check the observability using their topologies of communication and sensor network, 3) an unscented Kalman filter for the estimation of orbits, positions, and velocities using relative measurements, and 4) simulations on the observability of satellite systems, including a scenario of two satellites and, in another simulation, a networked multisatellite constellation with random communication interruptions. C1 [Kang, Wei] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Ross, I. Michael] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Mech & Astronaut Engn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Pham, Khanh] USAF, Res Lab, Spacc Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gong, Qi] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Kang, W (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wkang@nps.edu; imross@nps.edu; Khanh.Pham@kirtland.af.mil NR 13 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 869 EP 877 DI 10.2514/1.38826 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 445NL UT WOS:000266057400015 ER PT J AU Irvin, DJ Cobb, RG Lovell, TA AF Irvin, David J. Cobb, Richard G. Lovell, T. Alan TI Fuel-Optimal Maneuvers for Constrained Relative Satellite Orbits SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Mackinac Isl, MI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc ID SPACECRAFT AB This research investigates strategies to enable a deputy satellite to hover within a defined volume fixed in the vicinity of a chief satellite in a circular orbit for an extended period of time. Previous research developed initial methodologies for maintaining restricted teardrop hover orbits that exist in a plane fixed within the chief's local reference frame. These methods use the natural drift of the deputy satellite in the relative frame and impulsive thrust to keep the deputy in a bounded volume relative to the chief, but do not address fuel optimality. This research extends and enhances that work by finding the optimal trajectories produced with discrete thrusts that minimize fuel spent per unit time and stay within the user-defined volume, thus providing a practical hover capability in the vicinity of the chief. The work assumes that the Clohessy-Wiltshire closeness assumption between the deputy and chief is valid. Using the new methodology developed in this work, feasible closed- and nonclosed-relative orbits are found and evaluated based on a fuel criterion and are compared with an easily calculated continuous-thrust baseline. It is shown that in certain scenarios (generally corresponding to a smaller total time of flight) a discrete-thrust solution provides a lower overall fuel cost than a continuous-thrust solution. A simple check is proposed that enables the mission planner to make the correct strategy choice. C1 [Irvin, David J.; Cobb, Richard G.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Irvin, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 960 EP 973 DI 10.2514/1.36618 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 445NL UT WOS:000266057400023 ER PT J AU Butler, R Ferrell, N Hansford, D Naik, R AF Butler, Randall Ferrell, Nicholas Hansford, Derek Naik, Rajesh TI Soft lithography-mediated microscale patterning of silica on diverse substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY NOV 26-30, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; POLY-L-LYSINE; IN-VITRO; BIOSILICA; BIOSILICIFICATION; POLYMERIZATION; SILICIFICATION; FABRICATION; PEPTIDES; MICROPARTICLES AB We have developed a soft lithography-based process to create microscale patterns of silica on a diverse array of substrates. A sacrificial polymer layer was first patterned using a micromolding technique. A peptide was adsorbed on the substrate and the sacrificial layer was removed. The patterned peptide template then catalyzed the deposition of silica from a silicic acid solution. With this procedure, we have created both continuous and discontinuous silica patterns on metallic, ceramic, and polymer substrates. C1 [Ferrell, Nicholas; Hansford, Derek] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Butler, Randall] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Naik, Rajesh] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hansford, D (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM hansford.4@osu.edu NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1632 EP 1638 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0200 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460SQ UT WOS:000267207800004 ER PT J AU Manocha, LM Patel, H Manocha, S Roy, AK Singh, JP AF Manocha, L. M. Patel, Harshad Manocha, S. Roy, Ajit K. Singh, J. P. TI Development of Carbon/Carbon Composites with Carbon Nanotubes as Reinforcement and Chemical Vapor Infiltration Carbon as Matrix SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemical Vapor Deposition; Chemical Vapor Infiltration; Microstructure; Carbon Nanotubes; Composites ID PYROLYTIC CARBON; DEPOSITION; FIBERS AB Carbon nanotubes based carbon/carbon composites were prepared by infiltration of purified ACNTs film with pyrolytic carbon. Densification was performed by filling the space between the CNTs through by deposition of the pyrocarbon on the nanotubes surface. It comprised of (i) Synthesis and purification of aligned carbon nanotubes films by CCVD process and (ii) Infiltration of CNTs film by pyrocarbon using CVI method at 950 degrees C. SEM studies showed that the film was well infiltrated using methane. The density of film increased to 1.4 gm/cm(3) from 0.4 gm/cm(3) of as purified ACNTs film. The I-D/I-G ratio for CNTs film is 0.67 and 0.80 for the CVI deposited pyrocarbon. The lower I-D/I-G ratio from Raman microscopy shows fine graphitic nature of carbon nanotubes and nanocomposites films. C1 [Manocha, L. M.; Patel, Harshad; Manocha, S.] Sardar Patel Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, Gujarat, India. [Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Singh, J. P.] Akasa Press US Force Compound, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1060032, Japan. RP Manocha, LM (reprint author), Sardar Patel Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, Gujarat, India. FU The Department of Science and Technology, Government of India [SR/S5/NM-52/2003] FX The authors are thankful to The Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for its financial support for this research work under research project No. SR/S5/NM-52/2003. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 9 IS 5 BP 3119 EP 3124 DI 10.1166/jnn.2009.034 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 433EJ UT WOS:000265186800046 PM 19452978 ER PT J AU Young, BA Ross, MD AF Young, Brian A. Ross, Michael D. TI Neck Pain and Headaches in a Patient After a Fall SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Young, Brian A.] Med Serv Flight Commander, Med Grp 82, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. [Ross, Michael D.] Phys Med Training Programs, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. RP Young, BA (reprint author), Med Serv Flight Commander, Med Grp 82, Sheppard AFB, TX USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 39 IS 5 BP 418 EP 418 DI 10.2519/jospt.2009.0405 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 446JZ UT WOS:000266119200010 PM 19411772 ER PT J AU Campbell, CM Deas, DE AF Campbell, Casey M. Deas, David E. TI Removal of an Amalgam Tattoo Using a Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft and Laser Deepithelialization SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amalgam tattoo; case report; graft; laser; tissue ID AUTOGRAFT AB Background: A 56-year-old female presented for periodontal treatment with a large amalgam tattoo located in alveolar mucosa on the facial aspect of her maxillary central incisors. The lesion had been present for 42 years since having endodontic surgery at teeth #8 and #9 after a traumatic childhood incident. Methods: A two-stage surgical approach was used to eliminate the lesion, beginning with a subepithelial connective tissue graft to increase tissue thickness subjacent to the amalgam tattoo. After 6 weeks of healing, the overlying pigmented tissue was removed using laser surgery to expose the underlying grafted connective tissue. Results: After 2 months of healing following laser surgery, the amalgam pigmentation was completely removed, with good color match and an increased width of keratinized tissue at the surgical site. Conclusion: A relatively large amalgam tattoo in the esthetic zone can be adequately removed by a two-stage procedure using grafted palatal connective tissue and laser deepithelialization. J Periodontol 2009;80:860-864. C1 [Campbell, Casey M.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Deas, David E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Campbell, CM (reprint author), 7556 Red Mt Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. EM casey.campbell@us.af.mil NR 17 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 80 IS 5 BP 860 EP 864 DI 10.1902/jop.2009.080613 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 444PF UT WOS:000265992200020 PM 19405840 ER PT J AU Freeborn, AB King, PI Gruber, MR AF Freeborn, Andrew B. King, Paul I. Gruber, Mark R. TI Swept-Leading-Edge Pylon Effects on a Scramjet Pylon-Cavity Flameholder Flowfield SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 44th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Hartford, CT SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID SUPERSONIC-FLOW; FUEL-INJECTION; AIR-FLOW; COMBUSTION; HYPERSONICS AB This study explores the effect of adding a pylon to the leading edge of a cavity flameholder in a scramjet combustor. Data were obtained through a combination of wind-tunnel experimentation and steady-state computational fluid dynamics. Wind-tunnel data were collected using surface pressure taps, static and total probe data, shadowgraph How visualization, and particle image velocimetry. Computational fluid dynamics models were solved using the commercial FLUENT software. The addition of an intrusive device to the otherwise low-drag cavity flameholder offers a potential means of improving combustor performance by enabling combustion products to propagate into the main combustor flow via the low-pressure region behind the pylon. This study characterized the flowfield effects of adding the pylon as well as the effect of changing Reynolds numbers over the range of approximately 33 x 10(6) to 55 x 10(6) m(-1) at a Mach number of 2. The addition of the pylon resulted in approximately 3 times the mass flow passing through the cavity compared with the cavity with no pylon installed. Reynolds number effects were weak. The addition of the pylon led to the cavity fluid traveling up to the top of the pylon wake and significantly increasing the exposure and exchange of cavity fluid with the main combustor flow. C1 [King, Paul I.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gruber, Mark R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Freeborn, AB (reprint author), USAF, Test Pilot Sch, 220 S Wolfe Ave, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM andrew.freeborn@edwards.af.mil; paul.king@afit.edu; mark.gruber@wpafb.af.mil NR 58 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 571 EP 582 DI 10.2514/1.39546 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 452AX UT WOS:000266513100004 ER PT J AU Lilly, TC Ketsdever, AD Pancotti, AP Young, M AF Lilly, T. C. Ketsdever, A. D. Pancotti, A. P. Young, M. TI Development of a Specific Impulse Balance for Capillary Discharge Pulsed Plasma Thrusters SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 44th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Hartford, CT SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE C1 [Lilly, T. C.; Ketsdever, A. D.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80933 USA. [Pancotti, A. P.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Young, M.] AF Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Lilly, TC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy,Univ Hall,Room 231, Colorado Springs, CO 80933 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 3 BP 823 EP 826 DI 10.2514/1.40261 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 452AX UT WOS:000266513100031 ER PT J AU Rispoli, DM Athwal, GS Sperling, JW Cofield, RH AF Rispoli, Damian M. Athwal, George S. Sperling, John W. Cofield, Robert H. TI The anatomy of the deltoid insertion SO JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Shoulder; anatomy; deltoid; shoulder arthroplasty; fracture; humerus ID PROXIMAL HUMERUS; SHOULDER; SHAFT AB Hypothesis: The deltoid muscle is in continuity with the distal arm fascia and musculature. Materials and methods: Ten fresh-frozen upper extremity cadaveric specimens were dissected to determine the insertional anatomy of the deltoid Muscle. Measurements were made with micro-calipers and acetate grid sheets. The deltoid tendon and fibrous aponeurosis was in continuity with the lateral intermuscular septum posteriorly and the lateral aspect of the brachialis and deep brachial fascia anteriorly in all ten specimens. This interconnection remained in continuity following complete release of the deltoid insertion. Results: The width of the insertion of the anterior head of the deltoid was a mean of 7.3 mm, the middle averaged 4.7 mm, and the posterior averaged 7.8 mm. The mean length of the anterior insertion was 70 mm, the middle was 48.4 mm, and the posterior was 63.4 mm. The mean width of the deltoid tendon and the investing fascia at the superior margin of the insertion was 21.9 mm and at the inferior margin, 13.1 mm. Discussion: Deltoid muscle integrity is critical to shoulder function. The deltoid insertion, however, is often partially released during surgical approaches for internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures and shoulder arthroplasty. Partial detachment without repair as performed during surgical approaches should not result in complete loss of continuity of the deltoid insertion. Conclusion: Knowledge of the distal insertion and interconnections of the deltoid allows for more anatomic repair following extended releases during complex fracture fixation or revision surgery. Level of evidence: Basic science study. (C) 2009 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. C1 [Rispoli, Damian M.; Athwal, George S.; Sperling, John W.; Cofield, Robert H.] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. RP Rispoli, DM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59ORS-SGOYO,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM damian.rispoli@lackland.af.mil NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1058-2746 J9 J SHOULDER ELB SURG JI J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 386 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.jse.2008.10.012 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 441HN UT WOS:000265760000010 PM 19186076 ER PT J AU Bisek, NJ Boyd, ID Poggie, J AF Bisek, Nicholas J. Boyd, Iain D. Poggie, Jonathan TI Numerical Study of Plasma-Assisted Aerodynamic Control for Hypersonic Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 39th Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID FLOW-CONTROL; TRANSITION; ACTUATOR; BLUNT AB Plasma actuators and various forms of volumetric energy deposition have received a good deal of research attention recently as a means of hypersonic flight control. An open question remains as to whether the required power expenditures for such devices can be achieved for practical systems. To address this issue, a numerical study is carried out for hypersonic flow over a blunt-nose elliptic cone to determine the amount of energy deposition necessary for flight control. Energy deposition is simulated by means of a phenomenological dissipative heating model. A parametric study of the effects of energy deposition is carried out for several blunt elliptic cone configurations. Three different volumetric energy deposition patterns are considered: a spherical pattern, a "pancake" pattern (oblate spheroid), and a "bean" pattern (prolate spheroid). The effectiveness of volumetric energy deposition for flight control appears to scale strongly with a nondimensional parameter based on the freestream flow kinetic energy flux. C1 [Bisek, Nicholas J.; Boyd, Iain D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Poggie, Jonathan] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RBAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bisek, NJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, 1320 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 568 EP 576 DI 10.2514/1.39032 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 456ZX UT WOS:000266895100008 ER PT J AU Hester, BD Chiu, YH Winick, JR Dressler, RA Bernstein, LS Braunstein, M Sydney, PF AF Hester, Benjamin D. Chiu, Yu-hui Winick, Jeremy R. Dressler, Rainer A. Bernstein, Lawrence S. Braunstein, Matthew Sydney, Paul F. TI Analysis of Space Shuttle Primary Reaction-Control Engine-Exhaust Transients SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID REACTION CONTROL-SYSTEM; THRUSTER PLUME; EMISSION AB A series of 22 primary reaction-control-system engine attitude-control firings were observed from the Maui Space Surveillance Site during the space shuttle STS-115 mission. The firings occurred during a pass over Maui on 19 September 2006 during which the orbiter was in sunlight and the observatory was in darkness. The observed attitude maneuvers maintained the orbiter in an orientation in which its long axis was aligned with the line of sight from the observatory. This ensured that the thrust vectors of all the observed engine firings were perpendicular to the line of sight, providing an optimal side-on observation of the exhaust. The firings ranged between 80 and 320 ms in duration and involved 2 or 3 engines for pitch, roll, and yaw adjustments. A 0.328 deg field-of-view acquisition scope of the 3.6 m telescope of the Advanced Electro-Optical System provided unfiltered imagery in the near-ultraviolet visible spectral region. The most interesting white-light features were transients, one observed. at engine start up and two at shutdown. The analysis of the transient speeds reveals that the startup transient consists of either unburned propellant droplets or higher-pressure gas evaporated from droplets and that the shutdown transients are attributable to a slightly staggered release of unburned oxidizer and fuel, respectively. The first (oxidizer) shutdown transient is the brightest feature, for which an intensity evolution analysis is conducted. The analysis of the ground-based data is fully consistent with spectral features attributable to primary reaction-control-system engine transients observed in previous measurements from the space shuttle bay using an imager spectrograph. C1 [Hester, Benjamin D.; Chiu, Yu-hui; Winick, Jeremy R.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Braunstein, Matthew] Spectral Sci Inc, Computat Phys & Chem, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Sydney, Paul F.] Pacific Def Solut, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Hester, BD (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2301 HS, 02VS06]; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8718-05-C-0077] FX This work has been initiated and partially funded by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under tasks 2301 HS and 02VS06 (Kent Miller, program manager). L. S. Bernstein and M. Braunstein of Spectral Sciences, Inc., acknowledge support from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under contract FA8718-05-C-0077 (Y. Chiu, program manager). The authors are highly indebted to Albert Meza. Darrin Walker, and James McLeroy of the U.S. Department of Defense Space Test Program at NASA Johnson Space Flight Center for it masterful integration of the Maui Analysis of Upper-Atmospheric Injections (MAUI) Space Experiment. P. F. Sydney is grateful for invaluable assistance by Lewis Roberts and Kris Hamada. The authors are indebted to Paul Kervin and Mark Bolden at the U.S. Air Force Matti Optical and Supercomputing site (AMOS) for their support and advocacy on behalf of the MAUI effort. The authors wish to thank Lonnie Schmidt of Johnson Space Center for providing valuable engine parameters. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 679 EP 688 DI 10.2514/1.39516 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 456ZX UT WOS:000266895100019 ER PT J AU Cowen, K Goodwin, B Joseph, D Tefend, M Satola, J Kagann, R Hashmonay, R Spicer, C Holdren, M Mayfield, H AF Cowen, Kenneth Goodwin, Bradley Joseph, Darrell Tefend, Matthew Satola, Jan Kagann, Robert Hashmonay, Ram Spicer, Chester Holdren, Michael Mayfield, Howard TI Extractive Sampling and Optical Remote Sensing of F100 Aircraft Engine Emissions SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT; TURBINE-ENGINES; AIR-QUALITY; EXHAUST; SPECTROSCOPY; AIRPORTS; IMPACT AB The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) has initiated several programs to develop and evaluate techniques to characterize emissions from military aircraft to meet increasingly stringent regulatory requirements. This paper describes the results of a recent field study using extractive and optical remote sensing (ORS) techniques to measure emissions from six F-15 fighter aircraft. Testing was performed between November 14 and 16, 2006 on the trim-pad facility at Tyndall Air Force Base in Panama City, FL. Measurements were made on eight different F100 engines, and the engines were tested on-wing of in-use aircraft. A total of 39 test runs were performed at engine power levels that ranged from idle to military power. The approach adopted for these tests involved extractive sampling with collocated ORS measurements at a distance of approximately 20-25 nozzle diameters downstream of the engine exit plane. The emission indices calculated for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and several volatile organic compounds showed very good agreement when comparing the extractive and ORS sampling methods. C1 [Cowen, Kenneth; Goodwin, Bradley; Joseph, Darrell; Tefend, Matthew; Satola, Jan] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Kagann, Robert; Hashmonay, Ram] ARCADIS G&M, Durham, NC USA. [Spicer, Chester] SpiceAir Consulting, Columbus, OH USA. [Holdren, Michael] Sci Consulting, Columbus, OH USA. [Mayfield, Howard] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, Panama City, FL USA. RP Cowen, K (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM cowenk@battelle.org FU SERDP [W912HQ-05-C-0002] FX This study was conducted with funding support from SERDP (W912HQ-05-C-0002). The authors thank the many U.S. Air Force personnel at the Tyndall AFB trimpad facility, especially Lt. Eric Cappell and MSgt. Jeff Durrence. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 59 IS 5 BP 531 EP 539 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.531 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 441IT UT WOS:000265763200003 PM 19583153 ER PT J AU Libow, LF Forman, SB Ferringer, TC Peckham, MSJ Dalton, SR Sasaki, GT Elston, DM AF Libow, Lester F. Forman, Seth B. Ferringer, Tammie C. Peckham, Steven J. Dalton, Scott R. Sasaki, Geoff T. Elston, Dirk M. TI The significance of melanoma subsets SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; BRAF C1 [Forman, Seth B.; Ferringer, Tammie C.; Elston, Dirk M.] Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Danville, PA 17822 USA. [Forman, Seth B.; Ferringer, Tammie C.; Elston, Dirk M.] Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Danville, PA 17822 USA. [Libow, Lester F.] S Texas Dermatopathol Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. [Peckham, Steven J.; Dalton, Scott R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Sasaki, Geoff T.] Keesler AFB, Biloxi, MS USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 100 N Acad Ave, Danville, PA 17822 USA. EM dmelston@geisinger.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 60 IS 5 BP 876 EP 876 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.08.012 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 438AW UT WOS:000265529300025 PM 19389532 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Rapp, RA Opeka, M Kerans, RJ AF Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Rapp, Robert A. Opeka, Mark Kerans, Ronald J. TI Effects of Phase Change and Oxygen Permeability in Oxide Scales on Oxidation Kinetics of ZrB2 and HfB2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ZIRCONIA-HAFNIA; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; COMPOSITES; VISCOSITY; TRANSPORT; CERAMICS; DIBORIDE; MODEL AB A wide range of experimental data on the oxidation of ZrB2 and HfB2 as a function of temperature (800 degrees-2500 degrees C) is interpreted using a mechanistic model that relaxes two significant assumptions made in prior work. First, inclusion of the effect of volume change associated with monoclinic to tetragonal phase change of the MeO2 phases is found to rationalize the observations by several investigators of abrupt changes in weight gain, recession, and oxygen consumed, as the temperature is raised through the transformation temperatures for ZrO2 and HfO2. Second, the inclusion of oxygen permeability in ZrO2 is found to rationalize the enhancement in oxidation behavior at very high temperatures (>1800 degrees C) of ZrB2, while the effect of oxygen permeability in HfO2 is negligible. Based on these considerations, the significant advantage of HfB2 over ZrB2 is credited to the higher transformation temperature and lower oxygen permeability of HfO2 compared with ZrO2. C1 [Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Rapp, Robert A.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43235 USA. [Opeka, Mark] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. [Kerans, Ronald J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL MLLN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM triplicane.parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 FU USAF [FA8650-04-D-5233] FX This work was supported in part by USAF Contract # FA8650-04-D-5233. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1079 EP 1086 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03031.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 444WT UT WOS:000266012300019 ER PT J AU Look, DC Farlow, GC Yaqoob, F Vanamurthy, LH Huang, M AF Look, D. C. Farlow, G. C. Yaqoob, F. Vanamurthy, L. H. Huang, M. TI In-implanted ZnO: Controlled degenerate surface layer SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanomanufacturing/4th International Conference on Technological Advances of Thin Films and Surface Coatings CY JUL 13-17, 2008 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE annealing; carrier density; carrier mobility; doping profiles; Hall effect; II-VI semiconductors; indium; ion implantation; photoluminescence; Rutherford backscattering; semiconductor thin films; wide band gap semiconductors; zinc compounds ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL AB In was implanted into bulk ZnO creating a square profile with a thickness of about 100 nm and an In concentration of about 1x10(20) cm(-3). The layer was analyzed with Rutherford backscattering, temperature-dependent Hall effect, and low-temperature photoluminescence measurements. The implantation created a nearly degenerate carrier concentration n of about 2x10(19) cm(-3), but with a very low mobility mu, increasing from about 0.06 cm(2)/V s at 20 K to about 2 cm(2)/V s at 300 K. However, after annealing at 600 degrees C for 30 min, n increased to about 5x10(19) cm(-3), independent of temperature, and mu increased to about 38 cm(2)/V s, almost independent of temperature. Also, before the anneal, no excitons bound to neutral In donors, called I(9) in literature, were observed in the photoluminescence spectrum; however, after the anneal, the I(9) line at 3.3568 eV was by far the dominant feature. Analysis of the Hall-effect data with a parametrized, two-layer model showed that the conduction before the anneal was mainly due to very high concentrations of native donors and acceptors, produced by the implantation, whereas the conduction after the anneal was due to In ions that were nearly 100% activated. These results show that strongly degenerate conductive layers with designed profiles can be created in ZnO with implantation and relatively low-temperature anneals. C1 [Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Farlow, G. C.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Yaqoob, F.] SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Vanamurthy, L. H.; Huang, M.] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanosci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Look, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wright.edu NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3 BP 1593 EP 1596 DI 10.1116/1.3089375 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 451VZ UT WOS:000266500300115 ER PT J AU Eller, R Ginsburg, M Lurie, D Heman-Ackah, Y Lyons, K Sataloff, R AF Eller, Robert Ginsburg, Mark Lurie, Deborah Heman-Ackah, Yolanda Lyons, Karen Sataloff, Robert TI Flexible Laryngoscopy: A Comparison of Fiber Optic and Distal Chip Technologies-Part 2: Laryngopharyngeal Reflux SO JOURNAL OF VOICE LA English DT Article DE Laryngopharyngeal reflux; Flexible laryngoscopy; Fiber optic laryngoscopy; Distal chip; Vocal fold; Larynx; Comparison; Reflux finding score; Posterior erythema grade; Stroboscopy; Videostroboscopy; Videoendoscopy ID GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX; LARYNGEAL; RELIABILITY; STROBOSCOPY; PREVALENCE; VOLUNTEERS; LARYNGITIS; DISEASE; SIGNS AB Part 1 of this paper compared fiber optic (FO) and distal chip (DC) flexible technologies in the diagnosis of vocal fold masses and mucosal wave abnormalities. Part 2 of this study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of FO and DC flexible imaging in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease. Thirty-four consecutive patients were examined with either FO or DC flexible stroboscopy followed immediately by rigid stroboscopy. Rigid stroboscopy was considered the "gold-standard" for this Study. All stroboscopy segments were evaluated by two laryngologists, an otolaryngologist, a laryngology fellow, and an otolaryngology resident for physical findings of LPR using the Reflux Finding Score (RFS) and Posterior Erythema Grade (PE grade). Both flexible systems underrepresented the physical findings of LPR compared to the rigid examination, but the FO system was frequently more accurate than the DC system. For PE grade, agreement with the rigid endoscope was 95% for the FO system and 73% for the DC system. Total RFSs for both flexible systems were significantly different than RFSs from the corresponding rigid examinations (P = 0.001). Raters who used the RFS more often were more consistent. More severe PE grade scores correlated well with increasing RFSs. The number of patients diagnosed with LPR (RFS > 7) showed that despite differences in the category scores, the FO and DC were almost identical in how much LPR was diagnosed compared with their matched rigid examination. Because both flexible platforms significantly underrepresented reflux signs, we recommend that a rigid laryngeal telescope be used when examining the larynx for signs of LPR. If this is not available, these data suggest that a high-quality FO endoscope may be more accurate than a DC endoscope for most otolaryngologists. C1 [Eller, Robert] USAF, Aerodigest & Voice Ctr, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ginsburg, Mark] Philadelphia Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Lurie, Deborah] St Josephs Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA. [Heman-Ackah, Yolanda; Lyons, Karen; Sataloff, Robert] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Eller, R (reprint author), USAF, Aerodigest & Voice Ctr, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Robert.Eller@lackland.af.mil NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0892-1997 J9 J VOICE JI J. Voice PD MAY PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 389 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.10.007 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 448IT UT WOS:000266257000014 PM 19185459 ER PT J AU Chen, XJ Zhang, ZB Feng, YJ Fadare, O Wang, J Ai, ZH Jin, HY Gu, C Zheng, WX AF Chen, Xiaojun Zhang, Zhenbo Feng, Youji Fadare, Oluwole Wang, Jun Ai, Zhihong Jin, Hongyan Gu, Chao Zheng, Wenxin TI Aberrant survivin expression in endometrial hyperplasia: another mechanism of progestin resistance SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endometrial hyperplasia; endometrial cancer; progestin; progestin resistance; survivin ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; LONG-TERM; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROSTATE-CANCER; DOWN-REGULATION; APOPTOSIS; CARCINOMA; THERAPY; BCL-2; PROLIFERATION AB Up to 30% of failure rate in endometrial hyperplasia patients treated by progestin urges more detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in progestin resistance. Survivin is a key regulator in the antiapoptotic network, and overexpression of survivin has been reported in endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. This study investigated the role of survivin in progestin resistance in endometrial hyperplasia. Pre- and post-treatment endometrial hyperplasia tissue samples from 23 women were examined for changes in survivin expression related to the administration of progestins. The impact of continuous or intermittent progestin treatment on survivin expression in Ishikawa cells was examined by the western blot. Survivin immunoreactivity was present in epithelial compartment of all pre-progestin-treated endometrial hyperplasia samples with mean nuclear indices 78 and cytoplasmic indices 114. In the 15 progestin responders, an average of 19.5-fold decrease of survivin expression was seen in epithelial nuclei (P < 0.001) and 8-fold decrease in epithelial cytoplasm (P < 0.001). In the eight non-responders, no significant changes in survivin expression were detected. With in vitro Ishikawa cells, survivin expression was effectively inhibited by either 72-h continuous treatment with 10 mu M medroxyprogesterone acetate or 72 h after medroxyprogesterone acetate withdrawal. Our results indicated that dysregulation of survivin expression in hyperplastic endometrium may be part of the molecular mechanisms for progestin resistance. Intermittent, rather than continuous, progestin treatment may be more effective clinically for the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia. Modern Pathology (2009) 22, 699-708; doi: 10.1038/modpathol. 2009.25; published online 13 March 2009 C1 [Zheng, Wenxin] Univ Arizona, Dept Pathol, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Zheng, Wenxin] Univ Arizona, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Coll Med, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. [Zheng, Wenxin] Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Chen, Xiaojun; Zhang, Zhenbo; Feng, Youji; Jin, Hongyan; Gu, Chao] Fudan Univ, Shanghai Med Coll, Obstet & Gynecol Hosp, Dept Gynecol, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Wang, Jun] Tufts Univ, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ai, Zhihong] Shanghai 6th Peoples Hosp, Dept Gynecol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Zheng, WX (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Pathol, Coll Med, 1501 N Campbell Ave,5224A, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. EM fengyj4806@sohu.com; zhengw@email.arizona.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30900901]; Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project [B117]; Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University; Arizona Cancer Center [P30 CA23074]; Women's Cancer Division of Arizona Cancer Center and Department of Pathology FX The project was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC no. 30900901) fund to XC, Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B117) fund to Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, and P30 CA23074 from Arizona Cancer Center, Women's Cancer Division of Arizona Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, and also by the University of Arizona Startup fund to WZ. The authors have no financial interest in this study. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 22 IS 5 BP 699 EP 708 DI 10.1038/modpathol.2009.25 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 439PT UT WOS:000265640200011 PM 19287462 ER PT J AU Balasubramanyam, A Sailaja, N Mahboob, M Rahman, MF Hussain, SM Grover, P AF Balasubramanyam, A. Sailaja, N. Mahboob, M. Rahman, M. F. Hussain, Saber M. Grover, Paramjit TI In vivo genotoxicity assessment of aluminium oxide nanomaterials in rat peripheral blood cells using the comet assay and micronucleus test SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; DNA-DAMAGE; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; DIFFERENT PHASES; NANOPARTICLES; VITRO; MICE; CYTOTOXICITY; LYMPHOCYTES AB Advances in nanotechnology and its usage in various fields have led to the exposure of humans to engineered nanomaterials (NMs) and there is a need to tackle the potential human health effects before these materials are fully exploited. The main purpose of the current study was to assess whether aluminium oxide NMs (Al(2)O(3)-30 nm and Al(2)O(3)-40 nm) could cause potential genotoxic effects in vivo. Characterization of Al(2)O(3)-30 nm and Al(2)O(3)-40 nm was done with transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler velocimetry prior to their use in this study. The genotoxicity end points considered in this study were the frequency of micronuclei (MN) and the percentage of tail DNA (% Tail DNA) migration in rat peripheral blood cells using the micronucleus test (MNT) and the comet assay, respectively. Genotoxic effects were evaluated in groups of female Wistar rats (five per group) after single doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) of Al(2)O(3)-30 nm, Al(2)O(3)-40 nm and Al(2)O(3)-bulk. Al(2)O(3)-30 nm and Al(2)O(3)-40 nm showed a statistically significant dose-related increase in % Tail DNA for Al(2)O(3)-30 nm and Al(2)O(3)-40 nm (P < 0.05). However, Al(2)O(3)-bulk did not induce statistically significant changes over control values. The MNT also revealed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent increase in the frequency of MN, whereas Al(2)O(3)-bulk did not show any significant increase in frequency of MN compared to control. Cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg bw) used as a positive control showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) increase in % Tail DNA and frequency of MN. The biodistribution of Al(2)O(3)-30 nm and Al(2)O(3)-40 nm and Al(2)O(3)-bulk in different rat tissues, urine and feces was also studied 14 days after treatment using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The data indicated that tissue distribution of Al(2)O(3) was size dependent. Our findings suggest that Al(2)O(3) NMs were able to cause size- and dose-dependent genotoxicity in vivo compared to Al(2)O(3)-bulk and control groups. C1 [Balasubramanyam, A.; Sailaja, N.; Mahboob, M.; Rahman, M. F.; Grover, Paramjit] Indian Inst Chem Technol, Div Biol, Toxicol Unit, Hyderabad 500607, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Grover, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Div Biol, Toxicol Unit, Hyderabad 500607, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM param_g@yahoo.com RI Naidu, Balasubramanyam/B-7916-2009 OI Naidu, Balasubramanyam/0000-0002-1479-138X FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, Japan [FA5209-05-P-0540-AOARD-05-21] FX Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, Japan (grant no. FA5209-05-P-0540-AOARD-05-21). NR 46 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD MAY PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1093/mutage/gep003 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 441AL UT WOS:000265741400006 PM 19237533 ER PT J AU Evans, DR Cook, G Saleh, MA AF Evans, D. R. Cook, G. Saleh, M. A. TI Recent advances in photorefractive two-beam coupling SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Photonic and Electronic Materials CY JUL 04-06, 2007 CL San Sebastian, SPAIN SP Donostia Int Phys Ctr DE Photorefractives; Two-beam coupling; KNbO(3); Organic-inorganic hybrids ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE; HIGH-GAIN; CRYSTAL; POTASSIUM AB In this article, we review two approaches that we have taken to improve photorefractive two-beam coupling: (1) the enhancement of the effective trap density in a well-known inorganic photorefractive crystals (KNbO(3):Fe) and (2) the improvement of a relatively new concept of organic-inorganic hybridized liquid crystal cells. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Evans, D. R.; Cook, G.; Saleh, M. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, G.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Saleh, M. A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Evans, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1059 EP 1060 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2007.11.036 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 449WH UT WOS:000266360600004 ER PT J AU Zweiback, J Hager, G Krupke, WF AF Zweiback, Jason Hager, Gordon Krupke, William F. TI High efficiency hydrocarbon-free resonance transition potassium laser SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID 795-NM RUBIDIUM LASER; SHIFT; ATOMS AB We experimentally demonstrate a high efficiency potassium laser using a 0.15 nm bandwidth alexandrite laser as the pump source. The laser uses naturally occurring helium as the buffer gas. We achieve a 64% slope efficiency and a 57% optical to optical conversion. A pulsed laser model shows good agreement with the data. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zweiback, Jason] Gen Atom Aeronaut Syst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hager, Gordon] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Krupke, William F.] WFK Lasers, Pleasanton, CA USA. RP Zweiback, J (reprint author), Gen Atom Aeronaut Syst, 6250 Preston Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM Jason.zweiback@ga.com NR 20 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 282 IS 9 BP 1871 EP 1873 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2009.01.043 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 432JF UT WOS:000265128600034 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Slipchenko, M Meyer, TR Jiang, NB Lempert, WR Gord, JR AF Miller, Joseph D. Slipchenko, Mikhail Meyer, Terrence R. Jiang, Naibo Lempert, Walter R. Gord, James R. TI Ultrahigh-frame-rate OH fluorescence imaging in turbulent flames using a burst-mode optical parametric oscillator SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; DIAGNOSTICS; KHZ AB Burst-mode planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of the OH radical is demonstrated in laminar and turbulent hydrogen-air diffusion flames with pulse repetition rates up to 50 kHz. Nearly 1 mJ/pulse at 313.526 nm is used to probe the OH P(2)(10) rotational transition in the (0,0) band of the A-X system. The UV radiation is generated by a high-speed-tunable, injection-seeded optical parametric oscillator pumped by a frequency-doubled megahertz-rate burst-mode Nd:YAG laser. Preliminary kilohertz-rate wavelength scanning of the temperature-broadened OH transition during PLIF imaging is also presented for the first time (to our knowledge), and possible strategies for spatiotemporally resolved planar OH spectroscopy are discussed. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Miller, Joseph D.; Slipchenko, Mikhail; Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jiang, Naibo; Lempert, Walter R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. [Jiang, Naibo; Lempert, Walter R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meyer, TR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trm@iastate.edu RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [F33615-03-C2339]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); NASA-Langley Research Center [NNX07AC34A]; National Science Foundation (NSF) FX Funding for this work was provided by an Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Small Business Innovation Research grant under contract F33615-03-C2339; the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (Julian Tishkoff, Program Manager); NASA-Langley Research Center under Research Opportunities in Aeronautics contract NNX07AC34A; and the National Science Foundation (NSF), Division of Chemical and Transport Systems. NR 6 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 9 BP 1309 EP 1311 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 451MT UT WOS:000266475000006 PM 19412255 ER PT J AU Komesu, T Jeong, HK Wooton, D Losovyj, YB Crain, JN Bissen, M Himpsel, FJ Petrosky, J Tang, J Wang, WD Yakovkin, IN Dowben, PA AF Komesu, Takashi Jeong, H. K. Wooton, David Losovyj, Ya. B. Crain, J. N. Bissen, M. Himpsel, F. J. Petrosky, J. Tang, Jinke Wang, Wendong Yakovkin, I. N. Dowben, P. A. TI 4f hybridization and band dispersion in gadolinium thin films and compounds SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Theoretical Physics CY SEP 05-10, 2008 CL Ustron, POLAND SP Univ Silesia, Dept Theoret Phys ID SPIN-DENSITY-APPROXIMATION; ELECTRONIC TOPOLOGICAL TRANSITION; HELICAL MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; RARE-EARTH MATERIALS; SURFACE MAGNETISM; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; GD(0001) SURFACE; MOMENT SYSTEM; HUBBARD-U; GD AB There is interplay between intra-atomic orbital hybridization and extra-atomic hybridization in various gadolinium systems, which affects magnetic coupling and electron itinerancy (localization), The results do not always follow expectation. The experimental band structure of thin Gd(0001) films, grown on the Mo(112) Surface, along the (Gamma) over bar - (M) over bar does not agree with expectations even qualitatively. In particular, the dispersion of the gadolinium band, with strong 5d weight near 2 eV binding energy provides considerable evidence to support the case for 4f5d hybridization, with increasing 5d localization. On the other hand, there is also evidence of extra-atomic Gd 4f hybridization leading band dispersion in the occupied 4f levels in Gd2O3. (C) 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Komesu, Takashi; Jeong, H. K.; Losovyj, Ya. B.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Komesu, Takashi; Jeong, H. K.; Losovyj, Ya. B.; Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Wooton, David; Petrosky, J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Losovyj, Ya. B.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. [Crain, J. N.; Himpsel, F. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bissen, M.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. [Tang, Jinke; Wang, Wendong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Yakovkin, I. N.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 880111, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM pdowben@unl.edu NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 246 IS 5 BP 975 EP 980 DI 10.1002/pssb.200881553 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 447JM UT WOS:000266187400011 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Barnes, PN Rodriguez, JP Connors, JA Bulmer, JS AF Levin, G. A. Barnes, P. N. Rodriguez, J. P. Connors, J. A. Bulmer, J. S. TI Emergence of dissipative structures in current-carrying superconducting wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article DE critical currents; high-temperature superconductors; superconducting thin films; thermal conductivity ID PATTERN-FORMATION; NORMAL ZONE AB We discuss the emergence of a spontaneous temperature and critical current spatial modulation in current-carrying high-temperature superconducting wire. The modulation of the critical current along the wire on a scale of 3-10 mm forces a fraction of the transport current to crisscross the resistive interface between the superconducting film and normal metal stabilizer attached to it. This generates additional heat that allows such a structure to be self-sustainable. Stability and the conditions for experimental observation of this phenomenon are also discussed. C1 [Levin, G. A.; Barnes, P. N.; Bulmer, J. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rodriguez, J. P.] Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. [Connors, J. A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0479] FX J.P.R. was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0479. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2009 VL 79 IS 5 AR 056224 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.79.056224 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 451WE UT WOS:000266500800045 PM 19518553 ER PT J AU Basu, B AF Basu, B. TI Hydromagnetic waves and instabilities in kappa distribution plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article DE plasma Alfven waves; plasma instability ID FIELD-SWELLING INSTABILITY; DISPERSION FUNCTION; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION; SPACE PLASMAS; LORENTZIAN DISTRIBUTION; ANISOTROPIC PLASMAS; MAGNETIZED PLASMA; ALFVEN WAVES; MAGNETOSPHERE; MICROINSTABILITIES AB Stability properties of hydromagnetic waves (shear and compressional Alfven waves) in spatially homogeneous plasma are investigated when the equilibrium particle velocity distributions in both parallel and perpendicular directions (in reference to the ambient magnetic field) are modeled by kappa distributions. Analysis is presented for the limiting cases parallel to xi(alpha)parallel to < 1 and parallel to xi(alpha)parallel to > 1 for which solutions of the dispersion relations are analytically tractable. Here xi(alpha)(alpha=e,i) is the ratio of the wave phase speed and the electron (ion) thermal speed. Both low and high beta (=plasma pressure/magnetic pressure) plasmas are considered. The distinguishing features of the hydromagnetic waves in kappa distribution plasma are (1) both Landau damping and transit-time damping rates are larger than those in Maxwellian plasma because of the enhanced high-energy tail of the kappa distribution and (2) density and temperature perturbations in response to the electromagnetic perturbations are different from those in Maxwellian plasma when parallel to xi(alpha)parallel to < 1. Moreover, frequency of the oscillatory stable modes (e.g., kinetic shear Alfven wave) and excitation condition of the nonoscillatory (zero frequency) unstable modes (e.g., mirror instability) in kappa distribution plasma are also different from those in Maxwellian plasma. Quantitative estimates of the differences depend on the specific choice of the kappa distribution. For simplicity of notations, same spectral indices kappa(parallel to) and kappa(perpendicular to) have been assumed for both electron and ion population. However, the analysis can be easily generalized to allow for different values of the spectral indices for the two charged populations. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Basu, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2009 VL 16 IS 5 AR 052106 DI 10.1063/1.3132629 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 451WC UT WOS:000266500600011 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A Adams, SF AF Jiao, C. Q. DeJoseph, C. A., Jr. Garscadden, A. Adams, S. F. TI Gas-phase ion chemistries in perfluoromethylcyclohexane SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; PHOTOION COINCIDENCE SPECTROSCOPY; THIN FLUOROCARBON FILMS; CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULE REACTIONS; PLASMA DEPOSITION; THRESHOLD; SURFACE; PERFLUOROCARBONS AB Electron impact ionization and ion-molecule reactions of perfluoromethylcyclohexane (C(7)F(14)) using Fourier-transfer mass spectrometry are reported. The electron impact ionization produces dominant ions CF(3)(+) and C(3)F(5)(+) throughout most of the energy range of 10-200 eV, with the total ionization cross section peaking at similar to 100 eV with a value of 1.8 x 10(-15) cm(2). Numerous ions are observed at energies within a few electron volts of the lowest ionization threshold: CF(3)(+), C(2)F(4)(+), C(3)F(4,5,)(+) C(4)F(5-7,)(+) C(5)F(9)(+), C(6)F(9-11)(+) and C(7)F(13)(+). The lighter ions CF(+), CF(2)(+) and CF(3)(+) are found to react with C(7)F(14) forming C(7)F(13)(+) and other product ions that we believe to result from further fragmentation of the intermediate ion C(7)F(13)(+). The charge transfer reaction between Ar(+) and C(4)F(14) yields similar product ions. C1 [Jiao, C. Q.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [DeJoseph, C. A., Jr.; Garscadden, A.; Adams, S. F.] USAF, Res Lab, RZPE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiao, CQ (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 18 IS 2 AR 025007 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/18/2/025007 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 438UL UT WOS:000265580800010 ER PT J AU McQuade, JMS Merritt, JH Miller, SA Scholin, T Cook, MC Salazar, A Rahimi, OB Murphy, MR Mason, PA AF McQuade, Jill M. S. Merritt, James H. Miller, Stephanie A. Scholin, Terri Cook, Michael C. Salazar, Alexander Rahimi, Omid B. Murphy, Michael R. Mason, Patrick A. TI Radiofrequency-Radiation Exposure Does Not Induce Detectable Leakage of Albumin Across the Blood-Brain Barrier SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE-INDUCED HYPERTHERMIA; MHZ ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; VASCULAR-PERMEABILITY; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; GLOBAL SYSTEM; MOBILE PHONES; 200 HZ; RAT; IRRADIATION; FIELDS AB The blood-brain barrier (BBB) consists of tight Junctions between the endothelial cells that line the capillaries in the central nervous system. This structure protects the brain, and neurological damage could occur if it is compromised. Several publications by researchers at Lund University have reported alterations in the BBB after exposure to low-power 915 MHz energy. These publications increased the level of concern regarding the safety of wireless communication devices such as mobile phones. We performed a confirmation study designed to determine whether the BBB is altered in rats exposed in a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission line cell to 915 MHz energy at parameters similar to those in the Lund University studies. Unanesthetized rats were exposed for 30 min to either continuous-wave or modulated (16 or 217 Hz) 915 MHz energy at power levels resulting in whole-body specific absorption rates (SARs) of 0.0018-20 W/kg. Albumin immunohistochemistry was performed on perfused brain tissue sections to determine the integrity of the BBB. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant increase in albumin extravasation in any of the exposed animals compared to the sham-exposed or home cage control animals. (c) 2009 by Radiation Research Society C1 [McQuade, Jill M. S.; Merritt, James H.; Miller, Stephanie A.; Scholin, Terri; Cook, Michael C.; Murphy, Michael R.; Mason, Patrick A.] USAF, Res Labs, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div,Radio Frequency Ra, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Salazar, Alexander] Gen Dynam Adv Informat Engn Serv, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Rahimi, Omid B.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP McQuade, JMS (reprint author), HQ USAFA, Dept Biol, 2355 Fac Dr,Ste 2P389, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jill.mcquade@brooks.af.mil NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 171 IS 5 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1667/RR1507.1 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 442VW UT WOS:000265869700012 PM 19580497 ER PT J AU Harrison, RA Davies, JA Rouillard, AP Davis, CJ Eyles, CJ Bewsher, D Crothers, SR Howard, RA Sheeley, NR Vourlidas, A Webb, DF Brown, DS Dorrian, GD AF Harrison, Richard A. Davies, Jackie A. Rouillard, Alexis P. Davis, Christopher J. Eyles, Christopher J. Bewsher, Danielle Crothers, Steve R. Howard, Russell A. Sheeley, Neil R. Vourlidas, Angelos Webb, David F. Brown, Daniel S. Dorrian, Gareth D. TI Two Years of the STEREO Heliospheric Imagers Invited Review SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Coronal mass ejection; Heliosphere; Solar wind; Co-rotating interaction regions ID CORONAL MASS EJECTION; SOLAR-WIND; INTERPLANETARY SCINTILLATION; SUNGRAZING COMETS; SECCHI; EARTH; SMEI; TAIL; BRIGHTNESS; EVOLUTION AB Imaging of the heliosphere is a burgeoning area of research. As a result, it is awash with new results, using novel applications, and is demonstrating great potential for future research in a wide range of topical areas. The STEREO (Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory) Heliospheric Imager (HI) instruments are at the heart of this new development, building on the pioneering observations of the SMEI (Solar Mass Ejection Imager) instrument aboard the Coriolis spacecraft. Other earlier heliospheric imaging systems have included ground-based interplanetary scintillation (IPS) facilities and the photometers on the Helios spacecraft. With the HI instruments, we now have routine wide-angle imaging of the inner heliosphere, from vantage points outside the Sun-Earth line. HI has been used to investigate the development of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as they pass through the heliosphere to 1 AU and beyond. Synoptic mapping has also allowed us to see graphic illustrations of the nature of mass outflow as a function of distance from the Sun - in particular, stressing the complexity of the near-Sun solar wind. The instruments have also been used to image co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs), to study the interaction of comets with the solar wind and CMEs, and to witness the impact of CMEs and CIRs on planets. The very nature of this area of research - which brings together aspects of solar physics, space-environment physics, and solar-terrestrial physics - means that the research papers are spread among a wide range of journals from different disciplines. Thus, in this special issue, it is timely and appropriate to provide a review of the results of the first two years of the HI investigations. C1 [Harrison, Richard A.; Davies, Jackie A.; Rouillard, Alexis P.; Davis, Christopher J.; Eyles, Christopher J.; Bewsher, Danielle; Crothers, Steve R.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Rouillard, Alexis P.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Space Environm Phys Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Eyles, Christopher J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Eyles, Christopher J.] Univ Valencia, Lab Procesado Imagenes, Valencia 46071, Spain. [Bewsher, Danielle; Brown, Daniel S.; Dorrian, Gareth D.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Math & Phys, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Dyfed, Wales. [Howard, Russell A.; Sheeley, Neil R.; Vourlidas, Angelos] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Webb, David F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Webb, David F.] AF Res Lab, AFB, MA USA. RP Harrison, RA (reprint author), STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM r.harrison@rl.ac.uk RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009; Scott, Christopher/H-8664-2012; OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948; Scott, Christopher/0000-0001-6411-5649; Brown, Daniel/0000-0002-1618-8816; Bewsher, Danielle/0000-0002-6351-5170 NR 41 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 256 IS 1-2 BP 219 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9352-7 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 438OC UT WOS:000265563900014 ER PT J AU Webb, DF Howard, TA Fry, CD Kuchar, TA Odstrcil, D Jackson, BV Bisi, MM Harrison, RA Morrill, JS Howard, RA Johnston, JC AF Webb, D. F. Howard, T. A. Fry, C. D. Kuchar, T. A. Odstrcil, D. Jackson, B. V. Bisi, M. M. Harrison, R. A. Morrill, J. S. Howard, R. A. Johnston, J. C. TI Study of CME Propagation in the Inner Heliosphere: SOHO LASCO, SMEI and STEREO HI Observations of the January 2007 Events SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejections; Corona; Interplanetary plasma ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY SCINTILLATION; IMAGER SMEI; MISSION; SUN; DISTURBANCES; BRIGHTNESS; VELOCITIES; TRANSIENT; SECCHI AB We are investigating the geometric and kinematic characteristics of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) using data obtained by the LASCO coronagraphs, the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI), and the SECCHI imaging experiments on the STEREO spacecraft. The early evolution of CMEs can be tracked by the LASCO C2 and C3 and SECCHI COR1 and COR2 coronagraphs, and the HI and SMEI instruments can track their ICME counterparts through the inner heliosphere. The HI fields of view (4 -aEuro parts per thousand 90A degrees) overlap with the SMEI field of view (> 20A degrees to all sky) and, thus, both instrument sets can observe the same ICME. In this paper we present results for ICMEs observed on 24 -aEuro parts per thousand 29 January 2007, when the STEREO spacecraft were still near Earth so that both the SMEI and STEREO views of large ICMEs in the inner heliosphere coincided. These results include measurements of the structural and kinematic evolution of two ICMEs and comparisons with drive/drag kinematic, 3D tomographic reconstruction, the HAFv2 kinematic, and the ENLIL MHD models. We find it encouraging that the four model runs generally were in agreement on both the kinematic evolution and appearance of the events. Because it is essential to understand the effects of projection across large distances, that are not generally crucial for events observed closer to the Sun, we discuss our analysis procedure in some detail. C1 [Webb, D. F.; Kuchar, T. A.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Webb, D. F.; Kuchar, T. A.; Johnston, J. C.] Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Howard, T. A.] Natl Solar Observ, AF Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Fry, C. D.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. [Odstrcil, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Jackson, B. V.; Bisi, M. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Harrison, R. A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Space Phys Div, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Morrill, J. S.; Howard, R. A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Webb, DF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM david.webb@hanscom.af.mil RI Bisi, Mario/C-6376-2009 FU Air Force; University of Birmingham; NASA [NNG05GG45G, NNGO5GF98G]; AFOSR [F49620-02C-0015]; AFRL [FA9550-06-1-0107, FA8718-06-C-0015, F61775-02-WE043]; NSF [ATM-0331513]; AURA [C10562N]; Navy grants [N00173-01-1-G013, N00173-07-1-G016]; AFOSR/MURI; NASA/LWS; NSF/CISM FX We acknowledge P. P. Hick and A. Buffington for their efforts in the calibration and processing of SMEI data at UCSD. We thank C. Eyles of the University of Birmingham, UK, for SECCHI HI data, J. Davies of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory for HI image processing, and V. Kunkel of NRL for SECCHI distance-time measurements. SMEI is a collaborative project of the US Air Force Research Laboratory, NASA, the University of California at San Diego, the University of Birmingham, UK, Boston College, and Boston University. Financial support has been provided by the Air Force, the University of Birmingham, and NASA. The Heliospheric Imager (HI) instrument was developed by a collaboration that included the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and the University of Birmingham, both in the United Kingdom, the Centre Spatial de Liege (CSL), Belgium, and the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington DC, USA. The STEREO/SECCHI project is an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fur Sonnen-systemforschung (Germany), Centre Spatial de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Theorique et Appliquee (France), and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). We also acknowledge use of the CME catalog that is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. This work was supported for each coauthor by these sources: T. A. H. by the National Research Council Fellowship Program, funded by AFOSR contract F49620-02C-0015; B. V. J. and M. M. B. at UCSD by AFRL contract FA9550-06-1-0107, NSF grant ATM-0331513 and NASA grant NNG05GG45G; D. F. W., T. A. K. and D. R. M. at Boston College by AFRL contract FA8718-06-C-0015; S. J. T. under contract F61775-02-WE043 to the University of Birmingham; and C. D. F. at EXPI by AURA contract C10562N. D. F. W., T. A. H. and B. V. J. also were supported by NASA grant NNGO5GF98G, and D. F. W. by Navy grants N00173-01-1-G013 and N00173-07-1-G016. D.O. was supported by AFOSR/MURI, NASA/LWS, and NSF/CISM grants. NR 60 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 256 IS 1-2 BP 239 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9351-8 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 438OC UT WOS:000265563900015 ER PT J AU Lee, CO Luhmann, JG Zhao, XP Liu, Y Riley, P Arge, CN Russell, CT de Pater, I AF Lee, C. O. Luhmann, J. G. Zhao, X. P. Liu, Y. Riley, P. Arge, C. N. Russell, C. T. de Pater, I. TI Effects of the Weak Polar Fields of Solar Cycle 23: Investigation Using OMNI for the STEREO Mission Period SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE STEREO mission; Solar wind; Solar cycle, models; Solar cycle, observations; Magnetic fields, observations; Magnetic fields, interplanetary ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; WIND; MODEL; INTERPLANETARY AB The current solar cycle minimum seems to have unusual properties that appear to be related to weak solar polar magnetic fields. We investigate signatures of this unusual polar field in the ecliptic near-Earth interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) for the STEREO period of observations. Using 1 AU OMNI data, we find that for the current solar cycle declining phase to minimum period the peak of the distribution for the values of the ecliptic IMF magnitude is lower compared to a similar phase of the previous solar cycle. We investigate the sources of these weak fields. Our results suggest that they are related to the solar wind stream structure, which is enhanced by the weak polar fields. The direct role of the solar field is therefore complicated by this effect, which redistributes the solar magnetic flux at 1 AU nonuniformly at low to mid heliolatitudes. C1 [Lee, C. O.; Luhmann, J. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, C. O.; de Pater, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhao, X. P.; Liu, Y.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Riley, P.] Predict Sci Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Arge, C. N.] Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Lee, CO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clee@ssl.berkeley.edu; jgluhman@ssl.berkeley.edu; xpzhao@solar.stanford.edu; yliu@solar.stanford.edu; pete@predsci.com; nick.arge@kirtland.af.mil; ctrussell@igpp.ucla.edu; imke@astron.berkeley.edu RI Russell, Christopher/E-7745-2012; OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298; Lee, Christina/0000-0002-1604-3326 FU National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG); National Science Foundation [ATM-0120950] FX The authors would like to thank Todd Hoeksema and Xu Dong Sun for their useful suggestions, the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) for providing the OMNI data access, the NASA/CCMC for their dedicated assistance in making the model computer runs needed for this study, and the National Solar Observatory and Wilcox Solar Observatory for providing access to their magnetogram data sets. This research was supported by the 2005-2006 National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship awarded by the Department of Defense (DoD) and the CISM project, which is funded by the STC Program of the National Science Foundation under agreement number ATM-0120950. NR 26 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 256 IS 1-2 BP 345 EP 363 DI 10.1007/s11207-009-9345-6 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 438OC UT WOS:000265563900020 ER PT J AU Preusse, P Eckermann, SD Ern, M Oberheide, J Picard, RH Roble, RG Riese, M Russell, JM Mlynczak, MG AF Preusse, Peter Eckermann, Stephen D. Ern, Manfred Oberheide, Jens Picard, Richard H. Roble, Raymond G. Riese, Martin Russell, James M., III Mlynczak, Martin G. TI Global ray tracing simulations of the SABER gravity wave climatology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CRYOGENIC INFRARED SPECTROMETERS; ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE; STRATOSPHERIC MOUNTAIN WAVES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; GPS OCCULTATION DATA; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; SPECTRAL PARAMETERIZATION; LATITUDINAL VARIATIONS; MOMENTUM DEPOSITION; CRISTA TEMPERATURES AB Since February 2002, the SABER (sounding of the atmosphere using broadband emission radiometry) satellite instrument has measured temperatures throughout the entire middle atmosphere. Employing the same techniques as previously used for CRISTA (cryogenic infrared spectrometers and telescopes for the atmosphere), we deduce from SABER V1.06 data 5 years of gravity wave (GW) temperature variances from altitudes of 20 to 100 km. A typical annual cycle is presented by calculating averages for the individual calendar months. Findings are consistent with previous results from various satellite missions. Based on zonal mean, SABER data for July and zonal mean GW momentum flux from CRISTA, a homogeneous and isotropic launch distribution for the GROGRAT (gravity wave regional or global ray tracer) is tuned. The launch distribution contains different phase speed mesoscale waves, some of very high-phase speed and extremely low amplitudes, as well as waves with horizontal wavelengths of several thousand kilometers. Global maps for different seasons and altitudes, as well as time series of zonal mean GW squared amplitudes based on this launch distribution, match the observations well. Based on this realistic observation-tuned model run, we calculate quantities that cannot be measured directly and are speculated to be major sources of uncertainty in current GW parameterization schemes. Two examples presented in this paper are the average cross-latitude propagation of GWs and the relative acceleration contributions provided by saturation and dissipation, on the one hand, and the horizontal refraction of GWs by horizontal gradients of the mean flow, on the other hand. C1 [Preusse, Peter; Ern, Manfred; Riese, Martin] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere, Res Ctr Juelich,ICG Stratosphere 1, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Eckermann, Stephen D.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Oberheide, Jens] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. [Picard, Richard H.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBYM, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Roble, Raymond G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Russell, James M., III] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Mlynczak, Martin G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Preusse, P (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere, Res Ctr Juelich,ICG Stratosphere 1, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM p.preusse@fz-juelich.de; stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil RI Oberheide, Jens/C-6156-2011; Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012; Preusse, Peter/A-1193-2013; Riese, Martin/A-3927-2013; Ern, Manfred/I-8839-2016 OI Oberheide, Jens/0000-0001-6721-2540; Preusse, Peter/0000-0002-8997-4965; Riese, Martin/0000-0001-6398-6493; Ern, Manfred/0000-0002-8565-2125 FU DFG CAWSES [OB 299/2-2, ER 474/1-1]; NASA SABER Program Office; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Jens Oberheide is supported by DFG CAWSES grant OB 299/2-2. Part of the work of Manfred Ern was supported by DFG CAWSES grant ER 474/1-1. Richard H. Picard acknowledges support from NASA SABER Program Office and Dr. Kent Miller of U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the determination of the intermittency factors, discussions, and data presentation. NR 87 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D08126 DI 10.1029/2008JD011214 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 439ZN UT WOS:000265667300006 ER PT J AU Midey, AJ Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Midey, Anthony J. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, A. A. TI Kinetics of Ion-Molecule Reactions with Dimethyl Methylphosphonate at 298 K for Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Detection of GX SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; PHOSPHONIUM IONS; CLUSTER IONS; ATMOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; SELECTIVITY; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS AB Kinetics studies of a variety of positive and negative ions reacting with the GX surrogate, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), were performed. All protonated species reacted rapidly, that is, at the collision limit. The protonated reactant ions created from neutrals with proton affinities (PAs) less than or equal to the PA for ammonia reacted exclusively by nondissociative proton transfer. Hydrated H(3)O(+) ions also reacted rapidly by proton transfer, with 25% of the products from the second hydrate, H(3)O(+)(H(2)O)(2), forming the hydrated form of protonated DMMP. Both methylamine and triethylamine reacted exclusively by clustering. NO(+) also clustered with DMMP at about 70% of the collision rate constant. O(+) and O(2)(+) formed a variety of products in reactions with DMMP, with O(2)(+) forming the nondissociative charge transfer product about 50% of the time. On the other hand. many negative ions were less reactive, particularly, SF(5)(-), SF(6)(-), CO(3)(-), and NO(3)(-) However, F(-), O(-) and O(2)(-) all reacted rapidly to generate m/z = 109 amu anions (PO(3)C(2)H(6)(-)). In addition, product ions with m/z = 122 amu from H(2)(+) loss to form H(2)O were the dominant ions produced in the O(-) reaction. NO(2)(-) underwent a slow association reaction with DMMP at 0.4 Torr. G3(MP2) calculations of the ion energetics properties of DMMP, sarin, and soman were also performed. The calculated ionization potentials, proton affinities, and fluoride affinities were consistent with the trends in the measured kinetics and product ion branching ratios. The experimental results coupled with the calculated ion energetics helped to predict which ion chemistry would be most useful for trace detection of the actual chemical agents. C1 [Midey, Anthony J.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Rondolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Army Research Office (ARO); Molecular Dynamics program; Boston College [FA8718-04-C-0006] FX We would like to thank Jim Buchanan at the U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) for experimental vapor pressure data for DMMP. We would like to thank John Williamson and Paul Mundis for their technical support. This project is supported by the Army Research Office (ARO) under the JSTO program in Chemical and Biological Defense (JSTO-CBD) and the Molecular Dynamics program at Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). A.J.M. and T.M.M. are Supported under Boston College contract number FA8718-04-C-0006. The soman calculations have been performed on the Scorpio Linux cluster at Boston College. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 30 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 17 BP 4982 EP 4989 DI 10.1021/jp900614a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 438BB UT WOS:000265529800023 PM 19385679 ER PT J AU Drake, KA Heelis, RA Hairston, MR Anderson, PC AF Drake, Kelly Ann Heelis, R. A. Hairston, M. R. Anderson, P. C. TI Electrostatic potential drop across the ionospheric signature of the low-latitude boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; BOW SHOCK; PLASMA; PRECIPITATION; RECONNECTION; TURBULENCE AB A study of the behavior of the ionospheric signature of the low-latitude boundary layer is conducted from signatures of the precipitating electrons and the ionospheric convection velocity. Observations are made under southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions in a highly dynamic environment where temporal changes produce large excursions in the location of both the convection reversal boundary and the poleward edge of the particle precipitation associated with the outer edge of the low-latitude boundary layer. We describe the latitudinal width of the boundary layer as the displacement between these boundaries and the bulk plasma flow as the potential difference across the region. On either side of local noon the boundary layer has a latitudinal width of about one degree, widening to about two degrees near dawn and dusk. The potential drop across the boundary layer increases toward local noon and accounts for no more than 30% of the total potential across the polar cap. While the boundary layer is physically wider on the duskside than on the dawnside, the average potential across the dawnside boundary layer is larger than that across the duskside layer. The resulting electric field across the dawnside layer is approximately twice that found in the duskside layer. We also find a higher level of variability in the boundary layer width and potential on the dawnside than on the duskside that may be related to higher levels of turbulence and wave activity associated with the orientation of the IMF with respect to the bow shock. C1 [Drake, Kelly Ann; Heelis, R. A.; Hairston, M. R.; Anderson, P. C.] Univ Texas Richardson, WB Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Drake, Kelly Ann] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Drake, KA (reprint author), Univ Texas Richardson, WB Hanson Ctr Space Sci, POB 830638,MS FO22,2601 N Floyd Rd, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM dr.kelly@physics.org; heelis@utdallas.edu; hairston@utdallas.edu; phillip.anderson1@utdallas.edu OI Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 FU NASA [NNX07AT82G]; Department of Energy ( DOE) [11838-001-05]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0637791] FX D. Hardy of AFRL designed and built the DMSP SSJ/4 particle detectors. The particle images and boundary layer data were provided by the Auroral Particles and Imagery Group at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of NASA grant NNX07AT82G, Department of Energy ( DOE) grant 11838-001-05, and National Science Foundation (NSF) grant ATM-0637791. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A04215 DI 10.1029/2008JA013608 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 440CI UT WOS:000265675600003 ER PT J AU Jones, ST Su, YJ AF Jones, S. T. Su, Y. -J. TI Reply to comment by C. E. J. Watt and R. Rankin on "Role of dispersive Alfven waves in generating parallel electric fields along the Io-Jupiter fluxtube'' SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SMALL-SCALE C1 [Jones, S. T.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Su, Y. -J.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXP, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Jones, ST (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Sci Hall 132C, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM samjones@uta.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A04213 DI 10.1029/2009JA014161 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 440CI UT WOS:000265675600009 ER PT J AU Sutton, EK Forbes, JM Knipp, DJ AF Sutton, E. K. Forbes, J. M. Knipp, D. J. TI Rapid response of the thermosphere to variations in Joule heating SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; IONOSPHERE AB Total mass density measurements from the CHAMP satellite near 400 km altitude are used to define the response time of the thermosphere to high-latitude heating sources. A series of three geomagnetic storms occurred during the period of 20-29 July 2004 each with unique characteristics of energy input, affording the opportunity to observe the response characteristics of the thermosphere. By studying these storms in such close vicinity to one another, the aliasing effects of satellite sampling and seasonal and solar cycle variations are mitigated. Differences between the daytime and nighttime density response at all latitudes are discussed in the context of the various mechanisms. Generally, response times are between 3 and 4 h at low latitudes while less than 2 h at midlatitudes to high latitudes. These time lags are significantly shorter than those conventionally used to drive many empirical models of the thermosphere. During the night, response times are less accurate because of the somewhat sporadic arrival of traveling atmospheric disturbances at different latitudes. C1 [Sutton, E. K.; Forbes, J. M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knipp, D. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Sutton, EK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eric.sutton@colorado.edu; forbes@colorado.edu; delores.knipp@usafa.edu RI Sutton, Eric/A-1574-2016; OI Sutton, Eric/0000-0003-1424-7189; FORBES, JEFFREY/0000-0001-6937-0796 FU GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Potsdam, Germany; NASA National Space Science Data Center; National Science Foundation to the University of Colorado [ATM-0719480] FX CHAMP is managed by the GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Potsdam, Germany. The polar cap data were provided by the Danish Meteorological Institute. The Dst index was provided by WDC 2, Kyoto, Japan, and the NASA National Space Science Data Center. This work was supported under grant ATM-0719480 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Colorado as part of the Space Weather Program. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A04319 DI 10.1029/2008JA013667 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 440CI UT WOS:000265675600004 ER PT J AU Hussain, SM Braydich-Stolle, LK Schrand, AM Murdock, RC Yu, KO Mattie, DM Schlager, JJ Terrones, M AF Hussain, Saber M. Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. Schrand, Amanda M. Murdock, Richard C. Yu, Kyung O. Mattie, David M. Schlager, John J. Terrones, Mouricio TI Toxicity Evaluation for Safe Use of Nanomaterials: Recent Achievements and Technical Challenges SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; CARBON NANOTUBES; IN-VITRO; PARTICLE-SIZE; INHALED NANOPARTICLES; DIAMOND NANOPARTICLES; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; DRUG-DELIVERY; PC-12 CELLS; LUNG INJURY AB Recent developments in the field of nanotechnology involving the synthesis of novel nanomaterials (NM) have attracted the attention of numerous scientists owing to the possibility of degradative perturbations in human health. This Review evaluates previous investigations related to NM toxicity studies Using biological models and describes the limitations that often prevent toxicologists from identifying whether NM pose a real hazard to human health. One major limitation to assess toxicity is the characterization of the NM prior to and after exposure to living cells or animals. The most relevant physicochemical characteristics of NM are: size, surface chemistry, crystal linity, morphology, solubility, aggregation tendency, homogeneity of dispersions, and turbidity. All of these properties need to be assessed in order to determine their contribution to toxicity. Due to the lack of appropriate methods to determine the physicochemical nature of nanoparticles in biological systems, the exact nature of NM toxicity is not fully described or understood at this time. This Review emphasizes the need for state-of-the-art physicochemical characterization, the determination of appropriate exposure protocols and reliable methods for assessing NM internalization and their kinetics in living organisms. Once these issues are addressed, optimal experimental conditions could be established in order to identify if NM pose a threat to human health. Multidisciplinary research between materials scientists and life scientists should overcome these limitations in identifying the true hazards of NM. C1 [Hussain, Saber M.; Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Schrand, Amanda M.; Murdock, Richard C.; Yu, Kyung O.; Mattie, David M.; Schlager, John J.] AF Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Terrones, Mouricio] IPICYT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Appl Biotechnol Branch, 711th Human Performance Wing,711 HPW RHPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil; mterrones@ipicyt.edu.mx RI Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [JON 2312A211]; US - Air Force; CONACYT-Mexico [56787, 45772, 41464, 2004-01-013] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Project (JON# 2312A211). We are grateful to A. L. Elias, J.C. Carrero-Sanchez, and J. P. Laclette for their useful advice, collaboration, and discussions related toxicological effects of CNx tubes. Prof M. Terrones work was also sponsored by the US - Air Force grant entitled "Biocompatibility and Toxicological Effects of Doped, Functionalized, and Pure Carbon Nanotubes", and CONACYT-Mexico grants: 56787 (Laboratory for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research-LINAN), 45772 (MT), 41464-Inter American Collaboration (MT), and 2004-01-013/ SALUD-CONACYT(MT). NR 53 TC 126 Z9 129 U1 6 U2 65 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD APR 27 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 16 BP 1549 EP 1559 DI 10.1002/adma.200801395 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 443ZX UT WOS:000265950500003 ER PT J AU Wang, W Lu, YL Knize, RJ Reinhardt, K Chen, SC AF Wang, Wei Lu, Yalin Knize, R. J. Reinhardt, Kitt Chen, Shaochen TI Tunable and polarization-selective THz range transmission properties of metallic rectangular array with a varying hole channel shape SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TERAHERTZ TRANSMISSION; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; SURFACE-PLASMONS; GRATINGS; APERTURES; CRYSTAL; DEPTH; LIGHT; THIN AB This paper proposes a metallic hole array of a rectangular converging-diverging channel (RCDC) shape with extraordinary transmission. We use a three-dimensional (3D) finite element method to analyze the transmission characteristics of two-dimensional metallic hole arrays (2D-MHA) with RCDC. For a straight channel MHA, when the aperture size is reduced, the transmission peaks have a blue-shift. The same result is observed for a smaller gap throat for the RCDC structure. For the rectangular holes with a high length-width ratio, a similar blue-shift in the transmission peaks as well as a narrower full width at half maximum (FWHM) are observed. The asymmetry from the rectangular shape gives this structure high selectivity for light with different polarizations. Furthermore, the RCDC shape gives extra degrees of geometrical variables to 2D-MHA for tuning the location of the transmission peak and the FWHM. The tunable transmission property of this structure shows promise for applications in tunable filters, photonic circuits, and biosensors. (c) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Wei; Chen, Shaochen] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lu, Yalin; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] AFOSR NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Chen, SC (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM scchen@mail.utexas.edu FU US National Science Foundation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX Financial support from the US National Science Foundation and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) is greatly appreciated. The authors are grateful for the computer support from Intel's Higher Education Program. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 27 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 9 BP 7361 EP 7367 DI 10.1364/OE.17.007361 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 450DR UT WOS:000266381700051 PM 19399114 ER PT J AU Xue, L Brueck, SRJ Kaspi, R AF Xue, Liang Brueck, S. R. J. Kaspi, R. TI Widely tunable distributed-feedback lasers with chirped gratings SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chirp modulation; diffraction gratings; distributed feedback lasers; laser modes; laser tuning; optical pumping; semiconductor lasers ID DFB LASER; MU-M AB A quasicontinuous tuning range of 65 nm at 3.2 mu m was obtained for continuous wave, single-longitudinal-mode operation at 77 K of an optically pumped distributed-feedback laser with a chirped grating. Interferometric lithography with spherical wavefronts was used to fabricate a large-area chirped grating whose period varied continuously in the direction of the grating lines. Tuning was achieved by translating the optical pump stripe relative to the device to activate regions with different grating periods. Methane absorption spectra, obtained using this tunable distributed-feedback laser, closely match the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database simulations. C1 [Xue, Liang; Brueck, S. R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Xue, Liang; Brueck, S. R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Kaspi, R.] Directed Energy Directorate, AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Xue, L (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM xueliang@chtm.unm.edu; brueck@chtm.unm.edu; ron.kaspi@kirtland.af.mil RI Brueck, Steven/A-6383-2013; OI Brueck, Steven/0000-0001-8754-5633 FU NSF [0515547]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by NSF under Grant No. 0515547 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The HITRAN simulations were provided by Dr. Dennis Killinger at the University of South Florida. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 16 AR 161102 DI 10.1063/1.3123813 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 442ER UT WOS:000265823300002 ER PT J AU LeardMann, CA Smith, TC Smith, B Wells, TS Ryan, MAK AF LeardMann, Cynthia A. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Wells, Timothy S. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Baseline self reported functional health and vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder after combat deployment: prospective US military cohort study SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; MALE VIETNAM VETERANS; GULF-WAR VETERANS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; MENTAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS; TRAUMATIC EVENTS; IRAQ WAR AB Objective To determine if baseline functional health status, as measured by SF-36 (veterans), predicts new onset symptoms or diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder among deployed US military personnel with combat exposure. Design Prospective cohort analysis. Setting Millennium Cohort. Participants Combat deployed members who completed baseline (2001-3) and follow-up (2004-6) questionnaires. Self reported and electronic data used to examine the relation between functional health and post-traumatic stress disorder. Main outcome measures New onset post-traumatic stress disorder as measured by either meeting the DSM-IV criteria with the 17 item post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-civilian version or self report of a physician diagnosis at follow- up with the absence of both at baseline. Results Of the 5410 eligible participants, 395 (7.3%) had new onset symptoms or diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder at the time of follow- up. Individuals whose baseline mental or physical component summary scores were below the 15th centile had two to three times the risk of symptoms or a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder by follow- up compared with those in the 15th to 85th centile. Of those with new onset symptoms or diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder, over half (58%) of cases occurred among participants with scores below the 15th centile at baseline. Conclusions Low mental or physical health status before combat exposure significantly increases the risk of symptoms or diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder after deployment. More vulnerable members of a population could be identified and benefit from interventions targeted to prevent new onset post-traumatic stress disorder. C1 [LeardMann, Cynthia A.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] AF Res Lab, Biosci & Protect Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ryan, Margaret A. K.] Naval Hosp Camp Pendleton, Camp Pendleton, CA 92055 USA. RP LeardMann, CA (reprint author), Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM Cynthia.LeardMann@med.navy.mil FU Naval Health Research Center [08-07]; US Department of Defense [60002]; US Department of the Navy; US Department of the Army; US Department of the Air Force; US Department of Defense; US Department of Veterans Affairs; US Government FX This represents Naval Health Research Center report 08-07, supported by the US Department of Defense, under work unit No 60002. Funding sources did not play any other role. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Department of the Navy, US Department of the Army, US Department of the Air Force, US Department of Defense, US Department of Veterans Affairs, or the US Government. NR 67 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 10 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD APR 16 PY 2009 VL 338 AR b1273 DI 10.1136/bmj.b1273 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 434TK UT WOS:000265296800001 PM 19372117 ER PT J AU Pan, E Wang, X Albrecht, JD AF Pan, E. Wang, X. Albrecht, J. D. TI Time-decaying magnetoelectric effects in multiferroic fibrous composites with a viscous interface SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE barium compounds; cobalt compounds; ferromagnetic materials; fibre reinforced composites; magnetoelastic effects; magnetoelectric effects; multiferroics; piezoelectricity ID DIFFUSIONAL CREEP; SLIDING INTERFACE; FIBER COMPOSITES; MATRIX AB This paper addresses the time-dependent magnetoelectroelastic responses of multiferroic fibrous composites with a viscous interface. First, the problem of an isolated multiferroic fiber embedded in an infinite multiferroic matrix is rigorously solved. It is observed that the internal magnetoelectroelastic field such as stresses, electric displacements, and magnetic inductions inside an isolated multiferroic fiber is uniform but time dependent. The Mori-Tanaka mean-field method is then utilized to derive an extremely concise expression of the time-dependent effective moduli of the multiferroic fibrous composite. The numerical results demonstrate that the viscosity of the interface will cause a time-decaying magnetoelectric effect of the BaTiO(3)-CoFe(2)O(4) fibrous composite. As the time approaches infinity the magnetoelectric effect will approach zero due to the fact that a viscous interface will finally evolve into a free-sliding one which does not sustain shear stress. This interesting feature should be particularly important to the analysis and design of multiferroic composites where the interface is utilized to enhance the magnetoelectric effect. C1 [Pan, E.; Wang, X.] Univ Akron, Coll Engn, Comp Modeling & Simulat Grp, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Albrecht, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Coll Engn, Comp Modeling & Simulat Grp, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 FU AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0317] FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0317. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 8 AR 083510 DI 10.1063/1.3089213 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 471NH UT WOS:000268064700036 ER PT J AU Goltz, MN Close, ME Yoon, H Huang, J Flintoft, MJ Kim, S Enfield, C AF Goltz, Mark N. Close, Murray E. Yoon, Hyouk Huang, Junqi Flintoft, Mark J. Kim, Sehjong Enfield, Carl TI Validation of two innovative methods to measure contaminant mass flux in groundwater SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flux measurement; Hydraulic conductivity; Circulation well; Dipole-flow test; Artificial aquifer; Tracer test; Integral pumping test ID SOURCE STRENGTH FUNCTIONS; INTEGRAL PUMPING TESTS; DNAPL SOURCE ZONES; DIPOLE FLOW TEST; CIRCULATION WELLS; ANALYTICAL-MODEL; SCALE EVALUATION; FIELD-SCALE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; DEPLETION AB The ability to quantify the mass flux of a groundwater contaminant that is leaching from a source area is critical to enable us to: (1) evaluate the risk posed by the contamination source and prioritize cleanup, (2) evaluate the effectiveness of source remediation technologies or natural attenuation processes, and (3) quantify a source term for use in models that may be applied to predict maximum contaminant concentrations in downstream wells. Recently, a number of new methods have been developed and subsequently applied to measure contaminant mass flux in groundwater in the field. However, none of these methods has been validated at larger than the laboratory-scale through a comparison of measured mass flux and a known flux that has been introduced into flowing groundwater. A couple of innovative flux measurement methods, the tandem circulation well (TCW) and modified integral pumping test (MIPT) methods, have recently been proposed. The TCW method can measure mass flux integrated over a large subsurface volume without extracting water. The TCW method may be implemented using two different techniques. One technique. the multi-dipole technique, is relatively simple and inexpensive, only requiring measurement of heads, while the second technique requires conducting a tracer test. The MIPT method is an easily implemented method of obtaining volume-integrated flux measurements. in the current study, flux measurements obtained using these two methods are compared with known mass fluxes in a three-dimensional, artificial aquifer. Experiments in the artificial aquifer show that the TCW multi-dipole and tracer test techniques accurately estimated flux, within 2% and 16%, respectively; although the good results obtained using the multi-dipole technique may be fortuitous. The MIPT method was not as accurate as the TCW method, underestimating flux by as much as 70%. MIPT method inaccuracies may be due to the fact that the method assumptions (two-dimensional steady groundwater flow to fully-screened wells) were not well-approximated. While fluxes measured using the MIPT method were consistently underestimated, the method's simplicity and applicability to the field may compensate for the inaccuracies that were observed in this artificial aquifer test. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Goltz, Mark N.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Close, Murray E.; Flintoft, Mark J.] New Zealand Inst Environm Sci & Res ESR, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand. [Yoon, Hyouk] Korea Natl Def Univ, Def Management Coll, Seoul 122875, South Korea. [Huang, Junqi] NW Florida Water Management Dist, Havana, FL 32333 USA. [Kim, Sehjong] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Goltz, MN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENV, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mark.goltz@afit.edu; Murray.Close@escri.nz; hyouk919@hotmail.com; junqi.Huang@nwfwmd.state.fl.us; Mark.Flintoft@esr.cri.nz; km-king@hanmail.net; carl.enfield@gmail.com OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 FU New Zealand Foundation [CO3X0303]; Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program [ER-0318]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Water and Ecosystem Restoration Division [DW-5792244901-0] FX The authors thank Dr John Bright and Lincoln Ventures Ltd for assistance and support in the use of the joint ESR-Lincoln Venture Artificial Aquifer facility. ESR acknowledges the funding support of the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science & Technology (Contract CO3X0303) and the Air Force Institute of Technology acknowledges the funding support of the Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (Project ER-0318) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Water and Ecosystem Restoration Division (interagency Agreement DW-5792244901-0). The very useful reviews by Dr. Michael Brooks and an anonymous referee, which resulted in a much improved paper, are gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.01.001 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 435BZ UT WOS:000265319600005 PM 19215996 ER PT J AU Adams, SF DeJoseph, CA Williamson, JM AF Adams, S. F. DeJoseph, C. A., Jr. Williamson, J. M. TI Formation and electron-ion recombination of N-4(+) following photoionization in near-atmospheric pressure N-2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; ion recombination; molecule-photon collisions; multiphoton processes; nitrogen; photoionisation; positive ions; resonant states ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ASSOCIATION REACTIONS; PULSE RADIOLYSIS; NITROGEN; N2; PHOTOELECTRON; COEFFICIENTS AB The time dependent behavior of molecular nitrogen ions has been investigated following pulsed photoionization of near atmospheric pressure N-2 using multiphoton laser techniques and kinetic modeling. Multiple fluorescence bands, some unreported previously, with various temporal behaviors were observed after ultraviolet laser photoionization of N-2(X (1)Sigma(g)). The initial N-2 ionization was generated via resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization with focused radiation in the 275-290 nm range, where several resonant transitions are accessible. The observed optical fluorescence bands appeared to be unique to the near-atmospheric pressure N-2 condition and were shown by the evidence in this work to be the result of collisional formation and recombination of N-4(+). Measured time dependent fluorescence spectra during and after pulsed laser photoionization of N-2, together with a coupled rate equation model, allowed for the determination of the absolute densities of N-2(+) and N-4(+) as these species evolved. C1 [Adams, S. F.; DeJoseph, C. A., Jr.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Williamson, J. M.] ISSI Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Adams, SF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.adams@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [03PR05COR] FX This work is partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through contract 03PR05COR. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 14 AR 144316 DI 10.1063/1.3097757 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 439HC UT WOS:000265617200034 PM 19368454 ER PT J AU Yang, YB Jiang, ZP Xu, BH Repperger, DW AF Yang, Yibing Jiang, Zhongping Xu, Bohou Repperger, Daniel W. TI An investigation of two-dimensional parameter-induced stochastic resonance and applications in nonlinear image processing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM PARAMETERS; NOISE; DETECTORS; SIGNALS; TRANSMISSION AB This paper aims at developing an elementary theory of two-dimensional (2D) parameter-induced stochastic resonance (PSR) to contribute to nonlinear image processing. In order to tackle the application of SR in image processing, where adding noise may not be an easy task, we propose to generalize the concept of PSR from the one-dimensional (1D) case to the 2D case. An interesting feature of this paper is that a rigorous analytical framework is developed based on the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE). Some applications to image processing are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches based on the proposed theory of 2D PSR. It is believed that the PSR-based methodology as advocated in this paper provides a different, but promising perspective for applying SR techniques to nonlinear image processing. C1 [Yang, Yibing; Xu, Bohou] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Fluid Power Transmiss & Control, Dept Mech, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Zhongping] Polytech Inst New York, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Repperger, Daniel W.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, YB (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Fluid Power Transmiss & Control, Dept Mech, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. EM xubohou@zju.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10772161]; AFOSR FX This work has been supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no 10772161) and in part by AFOSR. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1751-8113 J9 J PHYS A-MATH THEOR JI J. Phys. A-Math. Theor. PD APR 10 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 14 AR 145207 DI 10.1088/1751-8113/42/14/145207 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 420LW UT WOS:000264292300010 ER PT J AU Abdu, MA Batista, IS Reinisch, BW de Souza, JR Sobral, JHA Pedersen, TR Medeiros, AF Schuch, NJ de Paula, ER Groves, KM AF Abdu, M. A. Batista, I. S. Reinisch, B. W. de Souza, J. R. Sobral, J. H. A. Pedersen, T. R. Medeiros, A. F. Schuch, N. J. de Paula, E. R. Groves, K. M. TI Conjugate Point Equatorial Experiment (COPEX) campaign in Brazil: Electrodynamics highlights on spread F development conditions and day-to-day variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION DRIFT VELOCITIES; VERTICAL PLASMA DRIFTS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; LOW-LATITUDE; LONGITUDINAL VARIABILITY; PEDERSEN CONDUCTIVITY; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MERIDIONAL WIND; NEUTRAL WINDS; GRAVITY-WAVE AB A Conjugate Point Equatorial Experiment (COPEX) campaign was conducted during the October-December 2002 period in Brazil, with the objective to investigate the equatorial spread F/plasma bubble irregularity (ESF) development conditions in terms of the electrodynamical state of the ionosphere along the magnetic flux tubes in which they occur. A network of instruments, including Digisondes, optical imagers, and GPS receivers, was deployed at magnetic conjugate and dip equatorial locations in a geometry that permitted field line mapping of the conjugate E layers to dip equatorial F layer bottomside. We analyze in this paper the extensive Digisonde data from the COPEX stations, complemented by limited all-sky imager conjugate point observations. The Sheffield University Plasmasphere-Ionosphere Model (SUPIM) is used to assess the transequatorial winds (TEW) as inferred from the observed difference of h(m)F(2) at the conjugate sites. New results and evidence on the ESF development conditions and the related ambient electrodynamic processes from this study can be highlighted as follows: (1) large-scale bottomside wave structures/satellite traces at the equator followed by their simultaneous appearance at conjugate sites are shown to be indicative of the ESF instability initiation; (2) the evening prereversal electric field enhancement (PRE)/vertical drift presents systematic control on the time delay in SF onset at off-equatorial sites indicative of the vertical bubble growth, under weak transequatorial wind; (3) the PRE presents a large latitude/height gradient in the Brazilian sector; (4) conjugate point symmetry/asymmetry of large-scale plasma depletions versus smaller-scale structures is revealed; and (5) while transequatorial winds seem to suppress ESF development in a case study, the medium-term trend in the ESF seems to be controlled more by the variation in the PRE than in the TEW during the COPEX period. Competing influences of the evening vertical plasma drift in favoring the ESF development and that of the TEW in suppressing its growth are discussed, presenting a perspective on the ESF day-to-day and medium-term variabilities. C1 [Abdu, M. A.; Batista, I. S.; de Souza, J. R.; Sobral, J. H. A.; de Paula, E. R.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Medeiros, A. F.] Univ Fed Campina Grande, Dept Fis, BR-58109970 Campina Grande, Brazil. [Reinisch, B. W.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Schuch, N. J.] INPE, Centro Reg Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-97110970 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Pedersen, T. R.; Groves, K. M.] AFRL VSBXI, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Abdu, MA (reprint author), Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Ave Astronautas 1578, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. EM maabdu@dae.inpe.br RI Batista, Inez/F-2899-2012; Souza, Jonas/B-3514-2013; de Paula, Eurico/O-1709-2013; Schuch, Nelson/K-9730-2015 OI de Paula, Eurico/0000-0003-2756-3826; Schuch, Nelson/0000-0002-7720-6491 FU FAPESP [1999/00437-0]; CNPq [502804/2004-1, 500271/2003-8]; AF [FA8718-06-C-0072] FX The authors wish to acknowledge support from FAPESP through project 1999/00437-0 and CNPq through grants 502804/2004-1 and 500271/2003-8. B. W. R. was supported by AF grant FA8718-06-C-0072. Logistical support for the operations of the instruments at the conjugate sites (Campo Grande, Cachimbo, and Boa Vista) was provided by the Brazilian Aeronautic Ministry's Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautic (CTA), which is thankfully acknowledged. NR 80 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 9 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A04308 DI 10.1029/2008JA013749 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 432AC UT WOS:000265104900001 ER PT J AU Sobral, JHA Abdu, MA Pedersen, TR Castilho, VM Arruda, DCS Muella, MTAH Batista, IS Mascarenhas, M de Paula, ER Kintner, PM Kherani, EA Medeiros, AF Buriti, RA Takahashi, H Schuch, NJ Denardini, CM Zamlutti, CJ Pimenta, AA de Souza, JR Bertoni, FCP AF Sobral, J. H. A. Abdu, M. A. Pedersen, T. R. Castilho, Vivian M. Arruda, Daniela C. S. Muella, M. T. A. H. Batista, I. S. Mascarenhas, M. de Paula, E. R. Kintner, P. M. Kherani, E. A. Medeiros, A. F. Buriti, R. A. Takahashi, H. Schuch, N. J. Denardini, C. M. Zamlutti, C. J. Pimenta, A. A. de Souza, J. R. Bertoni, F. C. P. TI Ionospheric zonal velocities at conjugate points over Brazil during the COPEX campaign: Experimental observations and theoretical validations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL F-REGION; LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PLASMA DRIFTS; AIRGLOW OBSERVATIONS; DISTURBED CONDITIONS; CACHOEIRA PAULISTA; SPREAD-F; MAGNETOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES; EVENING IONOSPHERE AB We analyze in detail the zonal velocities of large-scale ionospheric plasma depletions over two conjugate stations inferred from OI 630 nm airglow all-sky images obtained during the Conjugate Point Equatorial Experiment (COPEX) campaign carried out in Brazil between October and November 2002. The conjugate stations were Boa Vista (BV) (geogr. 2.8N, 60.7W, dip angle 22.0 degrees N) and Campo Grande (CG) (geogr. 20.5S, 54.7W, dip angle 22.32 degrees S). Over Campo Grande, the zonal velocities were measured also by a system of spaced GPS scintillation receivers. The airglow zonal velocities at the conjugate sites were seen to agree very closely, except for a slightly increased velocity over CG which we attribute to the presence of the geomagnetic anomaly. The results show a high degree of alignment of the bubbles along the geomagnetic field lines during the bubble development phase and as the bubbles travel eastward, thereby suggesting that the neutral zonal wind effect in the zonal plasma motion is an integrated effect along the flux tube. The zonal velocities obtained from the GPS technique were always larger than those calculated by the airglow technique, which permitted observation of zonal plasma velocity shear between the altitudes of the airglow emitting layer and of the GPS scintillation. Theoretical ambient plasma zonal velocities calculated using the formulations by Haerendel et al. (1992) and Eccles (1998) are compared with the experimental results. Our results also reveal some degree of dependence of the zonal velocities on the solar flux (F10.7) and magnetic (Kp) indices during the COPEX period. C1 [Sobral, J. H. A.; Abdu, M. A.; Castilho, Vivian M.; Arruda, Daniela C. S.; Muella, M. T. A. H.; Batista, I. S.; Mascarenhas, M.; de Paula, E. R.; Kherani, E. A.; Takahashi, H.; Schuch, N. J.; Denardini, C. M.; Zamlutti, C. J.; Pimenta, A. A.; de Souza, J. R.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Bertoni, F. C. P.] Univ Luterano Brasil Palmas, Ctr Univ Luterano Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. [Medeiros, A. F.; Buriti, R. A.] Univ Fed Campinas Grande, Dept Fis, BR-58109970 Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil. [Kintner, P. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pedersen, T. R.] AFRL RVBXI, AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sobral, JHA (reprint author), Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, CP 515, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. EM jsobral@dae.inpe.br RI De Nardin, Clezio/C-4103-2012; Muella, Marcio/C-4495-2012; Pimenta, Alexandre/C-6719-2012; Schuch, Nelson/K-9730-2015; Batista, Inez/F-2899-2012; Souza, Jonas/B-3514-2013; Kherani, Esfhan/N-9292-2013; de Paula, Eurico/O-1709-2013 OI De Nardin, Clezio/0000-0002-3624-2461; Muella, Marcio/0000-0003-3408-6861; Schuch, Nelson/0000-0002-7720-6491; de Paula, Eurico/0000-0003-2756-3826 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo - FAPESP [1999/00437-0]; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq [520185/95-1, 500003/91-2, 521980/94-1, 305028/2006-5] FX The authors are thankful to the reviewers. The authors are grateful for the efforts of all North American and Brazilian participants who made possible the carrying out of the Conjugate Point Equatorial Experiment (COPEX). AFRL participation was through the support of AFOSR task 2311AS. We thank the Universidade para o Desenvolvimento do Estado e da Regiao do Pantanal - UNIDERP, the Centro Tecnico Aeroespacial - CTA, and Base Aerea de Campo Grande for their logistical support in carrying out the experiments concerned here. This work was supported by the following grants: Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo - FAPESP grant 1999/00437-0 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq grants 520185/95-1, 500003/91-2, 521980/94-1, and 305028/2006-5. NR 84 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 9 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A04309 DI 10.1029/2008JA013896 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 432AC UT WOS:000265104900002 ER PT J AU Scanlon, LG Feld, WA Balbuena, PB Sandi, G Duan, X Underwood, KA Hunter, N Mack, J Rottmayer, MA Tsao, M AF Scanlon, L. G. Feld, W. A. Balbuena, P. B. Sandi, G. Duan, X. Underwood, K. A. Hunter, N. Mack, J. Rottmayer, M. A. Tsao, M. TI Hydrogen Storage Based on Physisorption SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CARBON NANOTUBES; ADSORPTION; SYSTEM AB Physisorption of molecular hydrogen based on neutral and negatively charged aromatic molecular systems has been evaluated using A initio calculations to estimate the binding energy, Delta H, and Delta G at 298 (similar to 77 bar) and 77 K (45 bar) in order to compare calculated results with experimental measurements of hydrogen adsorption. The molecular systems used in this study were corannulene (C(20)H(10)), dicyclopenta[def, jkl]triphenylene (C(20)H(10)), 5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroindeno[2,1-c]fluorene (C(20)H(10)O(2)), 6-hexyl-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroindeno[2,1-c]fluorene (C(26)H(22)O(2)), coronene (C(24)H(12)), dilithium phthalocyanine (LiPc, C(32)H(16)Li(2)N(8)), tetrabutylammonium lithium phthalocyanine (TBA-LiPc, C(48)H(52)LiN(9)), and tetramethylammonium lithium phthalocyanine (TMA-LiPc, C(36)H(28)LiN(9)). It was found (a) that the calculated term that corrects 0 K electronic energies to give Gibbs energies (thermal correction to Gibbs energy, TCGE) serves as a good approximation of the adsorbent binding energy required in order for a physisorption process to be thermodynamically allowed and (b) that the binding energy for neutral aromatic molecules varies as a function of curvature (e.g., corannulene versus coronene) or if electron-withdrawing or -donating groups are part of the adsorbent. A negatively charged aromatic ring, the lithium phthalocyanine complex anion, [LiPc](-), introduces charge-induced dipole interactions into the adsorption process, resulting in a doubling of the binding energy of Li(2)Pc relative to corannulene. Experimental hydrogen adsorption results for Li(2)Pc, which are consistent with MD simulation results using chi-Li(2)Pc to simulate the adsorbent, suggest that only one side of the phthalocyanine ring is used in the adsorption process. The introduction of a tetrabutylammonium cation as a replacement for one lithium ion in Li(2)Pc has the effect of increasing the number of hydrogen molecules adsorbed from 10 (3.80 wt %) for Li(2)Pc to 24 (5.93 wt %) at 77 K and 45 bar, suggesting that both sides of the phthalocyanine ring are available for hydrogen adsorption. MD simulations of layered tetramethylammonium lithium phthalocyanine molecular systems illustrate that doubling the wt % H(2) adsorbed is possible via such a system. Ab initio calculations also suggest that layered or sandwich structures can result in significant reductions in the pressure required for hydrogen adsorption. C1 [Scanlon, L. G.; Rottmayer, M. A.; Tsao, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Electrochem & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Feld, W. A.; Underwood, K. A.; Hunter, N.] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Balbuena, P. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sandi, G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Duan, X.] USAF, Res Lab, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mack, J.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Scanlon, LG (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Electrochem & Thermal Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lawrence.scanlon@wpafb.af.mil FU DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to acknowledge hydrogen storage determinations done at Argonne National Laboratory, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, under DOE Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Computing resource were provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Major Shared Resource Center of DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 9 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 14 BP 4708 EP 4717 DI 10.1021/jp809097v PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 427UW UT WOS:000264805600029 PM 19275199 ER PT J AU Bohn, MJ Lundin, MA Marciniak, MA AF Bohn, Matthew J. Lundin, Michael A. Marciniak, Michael A. TI Frequency domain fluorimetry using a mercury vapor lamp SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE frequency domain fluorimetry; phase fluorimetry; remote sensing ID FLUORESCENCE AB Frequency Domain (FD) fluorimetry, capitalizes on the frequency response function of a fluorophore and offers independence from light scatter and excitation/emission intensity variations in order to extract the sample's fluorescent lifetime. Mercury vapor lamps, a common source of industrial facility lighting, emit radiation that overlaps the UV/blue absorption spectrum of many fluorophores and may be used as an efficient and portable excitation source. The AC power modulation of mercury vapor lamps modulates the lamp's intensity at 120 Hz (in the United States) and higher harmonics. The fluorescent lifetimes for 3 different materials (willemite, uranium doped glass and U3O8) are measured with conventional techniques and compared with the FD technique using the power harmonics from a mercury vapor lamp. The mercury lamp measurements agree to within 25% of the conventional methods. C1 [Bohn, Matthew J.; Lundin, Michael A.; Marciniak, Michael A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bohn, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.bohn@afit.edu; michael.lundin@us.af.mil; michael.marciniak@afit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD APR 7 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033524 DI 10.1117/1.3117448 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520WA UT WOS:000271879000001 ER PT J AU Roy, S Richardson, D Kinnius, PJ Lucht, RP Gord, JR AF Roy, Sukesh Richardson, Daniel Kinnius, Paul J. Lucht, Robert P. Gord, James R. TI Effects of N-2-CO polarization beating on femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy of N-2 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coherent antiStokes Raman scattering; high-speed optical techniques; nitrogen; time resolved spectra ID CARS; FLOWS AB The effects of broadband excitation employing femtosecond laser pulses on the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy of N-2 are investigated. We have previously demonstrated that the dephasing rate of the coherence, established by the impulsive excitation of N-2 using femtosecond pump and Stokes beams, can be used for measuring gas-phase temperature in chemically reacting flows. The objective of the current work is to investigate the effects of polarization beating between N-2 and CO on the measured gas-phase temperature using time-resolved femtosecond CARS spectroscopy of N-2. C1 [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Richardson, Daniel; Kinnius, Paul J.; Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Ste 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 14 AR 144101 DI 10.1063/1.3116087 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 431SK UT WOS:000265083700074 ER PT J AU Altfeder, IB Hu, JJ Voevodin, AA Krim, J AF Altfeder, I. B. Hu, J. J. Voevodin, A. A. Krim, J. TI Magic-Sized Diamond Nanocrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FILMS; BORON; CVD; STM/STS; SI(111); SURFACE AB The 2D structural transformation of a heavily boron-doped diamond surface has been revealed using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We found that at boron densities above the metal-insulator transition the diamond surface is comprised of spatially ordered magic-sized nanocrystals. The development of quantized electron gas inside these nanocrystals is directly confirmed by STM observation of standing electron waves. The experimental comparison of metallic and insulating diamond reveals the existence of the Fermi-sea-induced quantum selection rules for the self-assembly of nanostructures. C1 [Altfeder, I. B.; Hu, J. J.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Altfeder, I. B.; Krim, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Altfeder, IB (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Extreme Friction MURI [FA9550-04-1-0381] FX The authors acknowledge N. Zhitenev, L. Bartels, J. A. Carlisle, E. I. Altman, D. M. Chen, and Z. Zhang for interesting discussions. We gratefully acknowledge N. Kane the president of Advanced Diamond Technologies, Inc. for giving us precommercial samples of boron- doped diamond films. This work was supported by the Extreme Friction MURI program, AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-04-1-0381. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 3 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 13 AR 136104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.136104 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 428YS UT WOS:000264888600040 PM 19392374 ER PT J AU Basu, S Basu, S Huba, J Krall, J McDonald, SE Makela, JJ Miller, ES Ray, S Groves, K AF Basu, Su. Basu, S. Huba, J. Krall, J. McDonald, S. E. Makela, J. J. Miller, E. S. Ray, S. Groves, K. TI Day-to-day variability of the equatorial ionization anomaly and scintillations at dusk observed by GUVI and modeling by SAMI3 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER GUVI; LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; PLASMA BUBBLES; SPREAD-F; PREREVERSAL ENHANCEMENT; REGION; DRIFT; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS AB The day-to-day variability in ionospheric irregularity generation giving rise to equatorial scintillation has remained an unresolved issue over many decades. We take a fresh look at the problem utilizing the global imagery provided by the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) instrument on NASA's Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite. GUVI has been acquiring images of 135.6-nm emission in the Earth's ionosphere-thermosphere system since 2001. These GUVI disk images at dusk have been used to identify cases where the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests lie near the magnetic equator over a relatively narrow longitude range, so that the anomaly looks collapsed. A 16-month period of GUVI data collected during evening at solar maximum is used to study the morphology of these so-called collapses, since the EIA collapse is shown to be linked to the suppression of equatorial plasma bubbles and scintillations. In particular, we look at the June solstice, during which the Atlantic and Pacific show very different climatology and EIA collapses are most frequent in the GUVI data. On the other hand, EIA collapses are a relatively rare occurrence during the equinox period when scintillations are most prevalent globally. We obtained a few dramatic examples of day-to-day variability in EIA behavior and scintillations over India. The Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI3) model was used to investigate the conditions during the evening collapse of the anomaly in the Indian longitude sector, where measurements of total electron content (TEC) and scintillations and estimates of the daytime vertical drifts and those at dusk were available. Results from SAMI3 show that the observed collapse of the anomaly at dusk can be simulated by a reversal of the upward vertical drift in midafternoon in agreement with the drift estimates from magnetometer observations. Such reversed vertical drifts at this time of the day are generally seen during counterelectrojet events. Introduction of neutral winds into SAMI3 better approximates the dusk behavior of TEC at low-latitude stations in India. This study reveals that the longitudinally confined EIA collapse may explain some of the differences in day-to-day variability of scintillations at different locations around the globe. C1 [Basu, Su.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Basu, S.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Huba, J.; Krall, J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [McDonald, S. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Makela, J. J.; Miller, E. S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ray, S.] Univ Calcutta, Inst Radiophys & Elect, Kolkata 700009, W Bengal, India. [Groves, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM sunanda.basu.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU NASA; ONR [N00014-07-1-0217]; Air Force Research Laboratory [F19628-02-C-0087, AFOSR task 2311AS]; Naval Research Laboratory [N00173-05-G904] FX This work was supported by NASA under its Living with a Star Program. Sunanda Basu was also supported by ONR grant N00014-07-1-0217. The work at Boston College was partially supported by Air Force Research Laboratory contract F19628-02-C-0087 and AFOSR task 2311AS. Work at the University of Illinois was supported under grant N00173-05-G904 from the Naval Research Laboratory. Various colleagues kindly provided different types of measurements: The GUVI team provided access to their FUV image data, without which this paper would not have been possible. The magnetometer data were from S. Alex, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai. The Trivandrum ionosonde data were provided by S. Ravindran, Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, Trivandrum. Assistance with the vertical drift analysis was provided by A. Anghel of NOAA, Boulder, Colorado. The DMSP in situ data were from F. Rich, now at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts. The Bangalore TEC data were obtained from the IGS network. NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 2 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A04302 DI 10.1029/2008JA013899 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 428RD UT WOS:000264866000002 ER PT J AU Diamanti, S Arifuzzaman, S Genzer, J Vaia, RA AF Diamanti, Steve Arifuzzaman, Shafi Genzer, Jan Vaia, Richard A. TI Tuning Gold Nanoparticle-Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Brush Interactions: From Reversible Swelling to Capture and Release SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA); polymer brush; poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG); surface chemistry; reversible adsorption; thermoresponsive ID DEPENDENT CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGE; BLOCK-COPOLYMER FILMS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; MACROMOLECULAR GRADIENTS; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; GRAFTED POLYMERS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; CHAINS AB Tailoring the interaction between surfaces and nanoparticles (NPs) affords great opportunities for a range of applications, including sensors, information storage, medical diagnostics, and filtration membranes. In addition to controlling local ordering and microscale patterning of the NPs, manipulating the temporal factors determining the strength of the interaction between NP and surface enables dynamic modulation of these structural characteristics. In this contribution we demonstrate robust polymer brush-NP hybrids that exhibit both reversible swelling and reversible NP adsorption/desorption. Polymer brush functionality is tailored through post-functionalization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes on flat solid substrates with alpha-amine conjugates ranging from perfluoro alkanes to poly(ethylene glycol) of varying molecular weights. The type of functionality controls NP affinity for the surfaces. In the case of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), the molecular weight (MW) of the PEG dictates adsorption and desorption phenomena. Higher MW PEG chains possess increased binding affinity toward NPs, which leads to higher relative Au-NP densities on the PHEMA-g-PEG brushes and concurrent sluggish desorption of NPs by thermal stimulus. Adsorption and desorption phenomena are further modulated by NP size yielding a system where adsorption and desorption are controlled by a delicate balance between the competitive energetics of polymer brush chelation versus solvation. C1 [Diamanti, Steve; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Arifuzzaman, Shafi; Genzer, Jan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil FU Office of Naval Research [N-00014-5-01-0613] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Sarah Lane for her helpful contributions to the schematics in this publication, John Grant and Benjamin Philips for their expert assistance with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and helpful discussions, and Robert MacCuspie for assistance with Image J processing software and helpful discussions. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N-00014-5-01-0613) for financial assistance. NR 47 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD APR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 4 BP 807 EP 818 DI 10.1021/nn800822c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 439HR UT WOS:000265618700012 PM 19338284 ER PT J AU Eby, DM Schaeublin, NM Farrington, KE Hussain, SM Johnson, GR AF Eby, D. Matthew Schaeublin, Nicole M. Farrington, Karen E. Hussain, Saber M. Johnson, Glenn R. TI Lysozyme Catalyzes the Formation of Antimicrobial Silver Nanoparticles SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; lysozyme; silver; nanoparticle; biocompatibility; biomineralization ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; IN-VITRO; RESISTANCE; BACTERIA; FUNCTIONALIZATION; CYTOTOXICITY AB Hen egg white lysozyme acted as the sole reducing agent and catalyzed the formation of silver nanoparticles in the presence of light. Stable silver colloids formed after mixing lysozyme and silver acetate in methanol and the resulting nanoparticles were concentrated and transferred to aqueous solution without any significant changes in physical properties. Activity and antimicrobial assays demonstrated lysozyme-silver nanoparticles retained the hydrolase function of the enzyme and were effective in inhibiting growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, and Candida albicans. Remarkably, lysozyme-silver nanoparticles demonstrated a strong antimicrobial effect against silver-resistant Proteus mirabilis strains and a recombinant L coli strain containing the multiple antibiotic- and silver-resistant plasmid, pMG101. Results of toxicological studies using human epidermal keratinocytes revealed that lysozyme-silver nanoparticles are nontoxic at concentrations sufficient to inhibit microbial growth. Overall, the ability of lysozyme to assemble silver nanoparticles in a one-step reaction offers a simple and environmentally friendly approach to form stable colloids of nontoxic silver nanoparticles that combine the antimicrobial properties of lysozyme and silver. The results expand the functionality of nanomaterials for biological systems and represent a novel antimicrobial composite for potential aseptics; and therapeutic use in the future. C1 [Eby, D. Matthew] USAF, Universal Technol Corp, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Farrington, Karen E.] USAF, Appl Res Associates Inc, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Eby, D. Matthew; Farrington, Karen E.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Schaeublin, Nicole M.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eby, DM (reprint author), USAF, Universal Technol Corp, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM matt.eby.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; glenn.johnson@tyndall.af.mil FU Air Force Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXQL); Henry Jackson Foundation; Joint Science and Technology Office; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [AA06CBT008, 4.1003607AHBB] FX We thank S. Sizemore for assistance in antimicrobial assays, H. Luckarift and L. Nadeau for useful discussions, and K. Kelly at University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, for TEM images. Research was supported by funding from Air Force Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXQL; D.M.E., K.E.F., and G.R.J.), the Henry Jackson Foundation (N.M.S.), and the Joint Science and Technology Office, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, under Project Codes AA06CBT008 (D.M.E., K.E.F., and G.R.J.) and 4.1003607AHBB (N.M.S. and S.M.H.). NR 51 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD APR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 4 BP 984 EP 994 DI 10.1021/nn900079e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 439HR UT WOS:000265618700031 PM 19344124 ER PT J AU Haney, MA Grandhi, RV AF Haney, Mark A. Grandhi, Ramana V. TI Consequences of Material Addition for a Beam Strip in a Thermal Environment SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SLENDER ELASTIC RODS; ENDS AB Aircraft structure subjected to elevated temperature presents a challenging design environment as damaging thermal stress can result. Thermal stress in a structural component is typically alleviated by accommodating the thermal expansion. However, very little work has been done that directly addresses the situation where such a prescription for expansion is not possible. When a structural component is failing due to tensile stresses which are thermally induced, the answer to the question of how best to stiffen the structure in this environment is far from trivial. This work demonstrates that conventional stiffening techniques, for example, thickness increase, may actually increase the rate of damage, as well as generate additional load that must be reacted by sub- and surrounding structure. Because flat plates represent a common structural element that is susceptible to developing tensile stresses due to thermally induced out-of-plane deformation, a simple strip model which represents cylindrical bending in a semi-infinite flat plate is chosen as the focus of this work. C1 [Haney, Mark A.] USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grandhi, Ramana V.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Haney, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory for supporting this research effort. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1026 EP 1034 DI 10.2514/1.41205 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 432SA UT WOS:000265153200024 ER PT J AU McGregor, BA Brown, AW Osswald, MB Savona, MR AF McGregor, Bradley A. Brown, Alexander W. Osswald, Michael B. Savona, Michael R. TI The use of higher dose clofarabine in adults with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; REFRACTORY ACUTE LEUKEMIAS; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; CELLS; 2-CHLORO-9-(2-DEOXY-2-FLUORO-BETA-D-ARABINOFURANOSYL)ADENINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; INDUCTION; REMISSION; TRIAL; DNA AB The standard dose of clofarabine is 52 mg/m(2) for pediatrics and 40 mg/m(2) in adults. Clofarabine dosed at 52 mg/m(2) was used in adult patients with refractory ALL to maximize response before allo-HSCT. All patients had a significant response to therapy. Published pharmacokinetic analysis revealed no difference in peak plasma or intracellular concentrations at clofarabine dosed above 40 mg/m(2), yet inhibition of replication in leukemia cells was only sustained over 24 hr at 55 mg/m(2). Despite this, there have been no reports of high dose clofarabine used in this setting. Our experience implies that there may be a niche role for clofarabine in reducing disease burden before allo-HSCT for adults with relapsed ALL. Am. J. Hematol. 84:228-230, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [McGregor, Bradley A.; Brown, Alexander W.; Osswald, Michael B.; Savona, Michael R.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Savona, Michael R.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Med, Div Hematol & Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Savona, MR (reprint author), 2200 Berquist Dr Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Michael.Savona@lackland.af.mil NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 84 IS 4 BP 228 EP 230 DI 10.1002/ajh.21365 PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 429CG UT WOS:000264897800007 PM 19260120 ER PT J AU Dubose, JJ Teixeira, PGR Recinos, G Barmparas, G Ottochian, M Inaba, K Petrone, P Demetriades, D AF Dubose, Joseph J. Teixeira, Pedro G. R. Recinos, Gustavo Barmparas, Galinos Ottochian, Marcus Inaba, Kenji Petrone, Patrizio Demetriades, Demetrios TI An International Fellowship in Trauma Research and the Potential Benefits for Fellows, Sponsoring Institution, and the Global Trauma Community SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article ID LIFE-SUPPORT; SURGEONS VERIFICATION; AMERICAN-COLLEGE; UNITED-STATES; IMPACT; COUNTRIES; RESIDENCY; PROGRAMS; OUTCOMES; FUTURE AB For over a decade, the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Hospital has supported an international fellowship in trauma that provides research experience, education, and opportunity for clinical observation at a high-volume American College of Surgeons (ACS) designated Level I trauma center. We performed a descriptive study of the design, implementation, and results of an international fellowship in trauma and critical care. Fellows from 27 countries throughout the world have actively engaged in trauma research at Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Hospital. Our program involves intensive education and clinical observation components designed to facilitate dissemination of evidence-based trauma practices throughout the world by graduates. The majority of alumni responding to a survey returned to their countries of origin, remaining active in trauma care and research. Motivation for participation varied, but former fellows universally rated their experience highly and stated they would recommend the program to their colleagues. An international research fellowship in trauma and critical care provides foreign medical trainees opportunities for exposure to research and evidence-based practices at a high-volume trauma center. The program is designed to be beneficial to both the participating fellow and sponsoring institution; and is constructed to effectively promote improved trauma education and the dissemination of quality trauma practices internationally. C1 Div Trauma & Crit Care Los Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Dubose, JJ (reprint author), 59 MDW-SSS-SGOSQ,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jjd3c@yahoo.com RI Teixeira, Pedro/H-2239-2011 OI Teixeira, Pedro/0000-0002-7258-7977 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD APR PY 2009 VL 75 IS 4 BP 324 EP 330 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 425TX UT WOS:000264661300012 PM 19385294 ER PT J AU Letz, AG Quinn, JM AF Letz, Adrian G. Quinn, James M. TI Frequency of imported fire ant stings in patients receiving immunotherapy SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VENOM-SENSITIVE PATIENTS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; HYMENOPTERA; PROTOCOL; ATTACKS AB Background: Imported fire ant (IFA) stings are an important cause of stinging insect hypersensitivity in endemic areas. IFA stings are difficult to avoid, and many studies have shown high field sting rates. No studies report the natural IFA sting rate that patients experience while receiving IFA immunotherapy. Objective: To determine the frequency of IFA stings in patients receiving IFA immunotherapy compared with an aeroallergen immunotherapy control group. Methods: Patients were surveyed by telephone to characterize the frequency of stings, reactions, and attitudes toward IFA avoidance. Results: A total of 23 of 28 patients reported IFA stings during their IFA immunotherapy compared with 16 of 28 patients during their aeroallergen immunotherapy. More of the IFA immunotherapy-treated patients were stung than the aeroallergen immunotherapy patients, which is inconsistent with our hypothesis (chi(2) = 4.139, P < .042). The annualized sting rates between the IFA immunotherapy and aeroallergen immunotherapy groups were similar (1.82 vs 1.72 stings per year, P < .55). The IFA immunotherapy patients were more likely to report any kind of reaction (chi(2) = 9.124, P < .003) compared with the control group. Most patients reported feeling careful to avoid stings. Conclusions: Patients with IFA hypersensitivity treated with IFA immunotherapy do not experience a decreased frequency of stings resulting from attention to sting avoidance. IFA stings are frequent and difficult to avoid. Rush IFA immunotherapy is a good option for many patients to achieve protection quickly. C1 [Letz, Adrian G.; Quinn, James M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Letz, Adrian G.; Quinn, James M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Letz, AG (reprint author), 59 MDOS SGO5A,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM adrian_letz@lackland.af.mil NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 303 EP 307 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 431PK UT WOS:000265074900006 PM 19441601 ER PT J AU Calabria, CW Hagan, L AF Calabria, Christopher W. Hagan, Larry TI THE USE OF INTRADERMAL SKIN TESTING IN ALLERGY DIAGNOSIS Response SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID RESPIRATORY ALLERGY; PRICK TESTS; IGE C1 [Calabria, Christopher W.; Hagan, Larry] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Calabria, CW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.calabria@lackland.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 354 EP 355 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 431PK UT WOS:000265074900018 ER PT J AU Calabria, CW Hagan, L AF Calabria, Christopher W. Hagan, Larry TI IS MORE INTRADERMAL SKIN TESTING APPROPRIATE FOR OLDER PATIENTS? Response SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E; TEST REACTIVITY; POPULATION-SAMPLE; IGE; AGE; HISTAMINE; ALLERGENS; RHINITIS C1 [Calabria, Christopher W.; Hagan, Larry] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Calabria, CW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.calabria@lackland.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 102 IS 4 BP 355 EP 356 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 431PK UT WOS:000265074900020 ER PT J AU Ross, TS AF Ross, T. Sean TI Limitations and applicability of the Marechal approximation SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID STREHL RATIO; INTENSITY CRITERIA; PRIMARY ABERRATIONS; GAUSSIAN BEAMS; VARIANCE; TRANSMISSION; DEPENDENCE; TURBULENCE; APERTURES; PUPILS AB The Marechal approximation for the Strehl ratio versus rms wavefront distortion is widely used in atmospheric scaling law codes, but a complete derivation is absent in the open literature. I present an updated derivation of the first term in Marechal, then a complete derivation. The Strehl ratio is proportional to the square of the Fourier transform of the probability density function of the random phase noise. For Gaussian noise, the traditional Marechal formulation is the result. The more general formulation suggests a method for characterization of random phase aberrations. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87112 USA. RP Ross, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87112 USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 10 BP 1812 EP 1818 DI 10.1364/AO.48.001812 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 436VH UT WOS:000265443700038 PM 19340134 ER PT J AU Boxx, I Stohr, M Carter, C Meier, W AF Boxx, I. Stohr, M. Carter, C. Meier, W. TI Sustained multi-kHz flamefront and 3-component velocity-field measurements for the study of turbulent flames SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TURBINE MODEL COMBUSTOR; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; REPETITION-RATE; SWIRL FLAMES; PREMIXED FLAME; JET; PIV; OH; RADICALS; PLIF AB We describe an approach of imaging the dynamic interaction of the flamefront and flowfield. Here, a diode-pumped Nd:YLF laser operating at 5 kHz is used to pump a dye laser, which is then frequency doubled to 283 nm to probe flamefront OH, while a dual cavity diode-pumped Nd:YAG system produces pulse-pairs for particle image velocimetry (PIV). CMOS digital cameras are used to detect both planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and particle scattering (in a stereo arrangement) such that a 5 kHz measurement frequency is attained. This diagnostic is demonstrated in lifted-jet and swirl-stabilized flames, wherein the dynamics of the flame stabilization processes are seen. Nonperiodic effects such as local ignition and/or extinction, lift-off and flashback events, and their histories can be captured by this technique. As such, this system has the potential to significantly extend our understanding of nonstationary combustion processes relevant to industrial and technical applications. C1 [Boxx, I.; Stohr, M.; Meier, W.] DLR, Inst Verbrennungstech, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Carter, C.] USAF, Res Lab, RZAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Boxx, I (reprint author), DLR, Inst Verbrennungstech, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM Isaac.Boxx@dlr.de FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Windows on Europe Program FX C. Carter acknowledges support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Windows on Europe Program. NR 19 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD APR PY 2009 VL 95 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1007/s00340-009-3420-4 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 422XM UT WOS:000264461000004 ER PT J AU Scott, WJ McCone, DR Mastroianni, GR AF Scott, Wilbur J. McCone, David R. Mastroianni, George R. TI The Deployment Experiences of Ft. Carson's Soldiers in Iraq SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE war in Iraq; generations of warfare; combat schemas; combat scripts ID COGNITION AB William Lind has argued that the U.S. military is improperly configured and trained to fight "fourth-generation" wars, that is, ones in which one of the participants is a nonstate actor and where the strategy, tactics, and battlefield are unconventional. This position has slowly gained acceptance among U.S. Army and Marine commanders, who have struggled to adapt to fourth-generation realities on the ground in Iraq. Drawing on oral-history and focus-group interviews, the authors explore how two units from Ft. Carson, Colorado, have experienced and adjusted to these contingencies. They offer the SAPRR Model as an illustration of their cognitive approach and a plausible combat script for rapid but considered decision making. C1 [Scott, Wilbur J.; McCone, David R.; Mastroianni, George R.] USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Scott, WJ (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Wilbur.Scott@usafa.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD APR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 460 EP 476 DI 10.1177/0095327X08322567 PG 17 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 417LH UT WOS:000264077000003 ER PT J AU Ray, HJ Cong, Y Murthy, AK Selby, DM Klose, KE Barker, JR Guentzel, MN Arulanandam, BP AF Ray, Heather J. Cong, Yu Murthy, Ashlesh K. Selby, Dale M. Klose, Karl E. Barker, Jeffrey R. Guentzel, M. Neal Arulanandam, Bernard P. TI Oral Live Vaccine Strain-Induced Protective Immunity against Pulmonary Francisella tularensis Challenge Is Mediated by CD4(+) T Cells and Antibodies, Including Immunoglobulin A SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRANASAL INTERLEUKIN-12 TREATMENT; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; TULAREMIA VACCINE; MUCOSAL IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; SUBSP NOVICIDA; RESPIRATORY CHALLENGE; INFECTION; MICE; IMMUNIZATION AB Francisella tularensis is an intracellular gram-negative bacterium and the etiological agent of pulmonary tularemia. Given the high degrees of infectivity in the host and of dissemination of bacteria following respiratory infection, immunization strategies that target mucosal surfaces are critical for the development of effective vaccines against this organism. In this study, we have characterized the efficacy of protective immunity against pneumonic tularemia following oral vaccination with F. tularensis LVS ( live vaccine strain). Mice vaccinated orally with LVS displayed colocalization of LVS with intestinal M cells, with subsequent enhanced production of splenic antigen-specific gamma interferon and of systemic and mucosal antibodies, including immunoglobulin A (IgA). LVS-vaccinated BALB/c mice were highly protected against intranasal (i.n.) SCHU S4 challenge and exhibited significantly less bacterial replication in the lungs, liver, and spleen than mock-immunized animals. Depletion of CD4(+) T cells significantly abrogated the protective immunity, and mice deficient in B cells or IgA displayed partial protection against SCHU S4 challenge. These results suggest that oral vaccination with LVS induces protective immunity against i.n. challenge with F. tularensis SCHU S4 by a process mediated cooperatively by CD4(+) T cells and antibodies, including IgA. C1 [Arulanandam, Bernard P.] Univ Texas San Antonio, S Texas Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Selby, Dale M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Arulanandam, BP (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, S Texas Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM Bernard.arulanandam@utsa.edu RI Arulanandam, Bernard/O-9501-2014 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN266200500040C]; [PO1 AI057986] FX This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract HHSN266200500040C and grant PO1 AI057986.; We thank the UTSA Imaging Center (and Colleen Witt) for access to confocal facilities. NR 66 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 EI 1556-679X J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 444 EP 452 DI 10.1128/CVI.00405-08 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 429RS UT WOS:000264938400002 PM 19211773 ER PT J AU Rauen, CA Flynn, MB Bridges, E AF Rauen, Carol A. Flynn, Mary Beth Bridges, Elizabeth TI Evidence-Based Practice Habits: Transforming Research Into Bedside Practice SO CRITICAL CARE NURSE LA English DT Review ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; LOW-DOSE DOPAMINE; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; PULMONARY-ARTERY PRESSURES; SURVIVING SEPSIS CAMPAIGN; CAPILLARY WEDGE PRESSURES; DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS C1 [Rauen, Carol A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, Surg Intens Care Unit, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Flynn, Mary Beth] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Bridges, Elizabeth] Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bridges, Elizabeth] Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bridges, Elizabeth] US AF Reserv, Med Grp 60, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Rauen, CA (reprint author), 104 Queen Mary Court, Kill Devil Hills, NC 27948 USA. EM carol.rauen@charter.net NR 101 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CRITICAL CARE NURSES PI ALISO VIEJO PA 101 COLUMBIA, ALISO VIEJO, CA 92656 USA SN 0279-5442 J9 CRIT CARE NURSE JI Crit. Care Nurse PD APR PY 2009 VL 29 IS 2 BP 46 EP 59 DI 10.4037/ccn2009287 PG 14 WC Critical Care Medicine; Nursing SC General & Internal Medicine; Nursing GA 427JB UT WOS:000264774500081 PM 19339447 ER PT J AU Amory-Mazaudier, C Basu, S Bock, O Combrink, A Groves, K Fuller Rowell, T Lassudrie-Duchesne, P Petitdidier, M Yizengaw, E AF Amory-Mazaudier, C. Basu, S. Bock, O. Combrink, A. Groves, K. Fuller Rowell, T. Lassudrie-Duchesne, P. Petitdidier, M. Yizengaw, E. TI International Heliophysical Year: GPS Network in Africa SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European General Assembly on International Heliophysics Year CY JUN, 2007 CL Torino, ITALY DE Heliophysics; Africa; GPS receivers; Sun-Earth connections AB The main scientific objectives of the International Heliophysical Year are to discover and study all the physical processes coupling the Earth to the Sun. During the IHY a number of scientific instruments are being deployed all over the world. This brief report presents the scientific objectives, the GPS receiver network over Africa and the long lasting research planned for the next decades in Africa. C1 [Amory-Mazaudier, C.; Petitdidier, M.] CNRS, Ctr Etud Environm Terr & Planetaire, Velizy Villacoublay, France. [Basu, S.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Bock, O.] CNRS, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. [Bock, O.] LAREG IGN, Paris, France. [Combrink, A.] Hart RAO, ZA-1740 Krugerdorp, South Africa. [Groves, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Fuller Rowell, T.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fuller Rowell, T.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Lassudrie-Duchesne, P.] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, ENST, Brest, France. [Yizengaw, E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Amory-Mazaudier, C (reprint author), CNRS, Ctr Etud Environm Terr & Planetaire, Velizy Villacoublay, France. EM christine.mazaudier@cetp.ipsl.fr RI Yizengaw, Endawoke/I-3471-2015 OI Yizengaw, Endawoke/0000-0001-5772-3355 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PD APR PY 2009 VL 104 IS 1-4 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s11038-008-9273-8 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 414MX UT WOS:000263869300041 ER PT J AU Ferre, RM Sweeney, TW Strout, TD AF Ferre, R. M. Sweeney, T. W. Strout, T. D. TI Ultrasound identification of landmarks preceding lumbar puncture: a pilot study SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EPIDURAL-ANESTHESIA AB Aim: To assess the utility of bedside ultrasound performed by an emergency physician in adults undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture. Method: Ultrasound was used as the primary means of determining the site of skin puncture, angle of needle advancement and depth needed to access the subarachnoid space. Results: Cerebrospinal fluid was obtained from 36 of 39 patients (92.3%) in the first interspinous space attempted. Conclusions: The ultrasonographically measured depth of the dura mater correlates strongly with the final needle depth. C1 [Sweeney, T. W.; Strout, T. D.] Maine Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Clin Fac, Portland, ME 04102 USA. [Ferre, R. M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Strout, TD (reprint author), Maine Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Clin Fac, 321 Brackett St, Portland, ME 04102 USA. EM Strout@mmc.org RI Strout, Tania/L-1556-2013 OI Strout, Tania/0000-0001-9053-1523 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1472-0205 J9 EMERG MED J JI Emerg. Med. J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 4 BP 276 EP 277 DI 10.1136/emj.2007.057455 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 422QJ UT WOS:000264442500011 PM 19307389 ER PT J AU Beachkofski, B Terning, N Dlugopolsky, J AF Beachkofski, Brian Terning, Nate Dlugopolsky, John TI Fault isolation through test data analysis SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Engines; Failure diagnostics; Finite element analysis; Turbine rotor; Vibration AB The Turbine Research Facility recently experienced a mechanical failure resulting in contact between the eddy current brake's drum and coils. A review was conducted to determine the cause and determine contributing factors that led to the failure. The structural analysis combined with an analysis of the test data identified the failure mechanism and damage progression. There was a high degree of shaft misalignment that led to a higher rotor dynamic and drum structural response. The drums displacement precipitated contact whose friction prevented the motor's torque from accelerating the rotor through the resonant condition. Recommendations for condition monitoring are included in the report. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Beachkofski, Brian; Terning, Nate; Dlugopolsky, John] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beachkofski, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM brian.beachkofski@us.af.mil; nate.terning@us.af.mil; john.dlugopolsky@us.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-6307 J9 ENG FAIL ANAL JI Eng. Fail. Anal. PD APR PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 987 EP 999 DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2008.08.025 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 412FN UT WOS:000263709700029 ER PT J AU Yepez, J Vahala, G Vahala, L AF Yepez, J. Vahala, G. Vahala, L. TI Vortex-antivortex pair in a Bose-Einstein condensate Type-II quantum lattice gas as a nonlinear phi(4) theory of a complex field SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dynamics International Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Univ Calgary, Schulich Sch Engn, Banff, CANADA HO Univ Calgary, Schulich Sch Engn ID SUPERFLUID TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; HE-4 AB Presented is a type-II quantum algorithm for super fluid dynamics, used to numerically predict solutions of the GP equation for a complex scalar field (spinless bosons) in phi(4) theory. The GP equation is a long wavelength effective field theory of a microscopic quantum lattice gas with nonlinear state reduction. The quantum lattice gas algorithm for modeling the dynamics of the one-body BEC state in 3+1 dimensions is presented. To demonstrate the method's strength as a computational physics tool, a difficult situation of filamentary singularities is simulated, the dynamics of solitary vortex-antivortex pairs, which are a basic building block of morphologies of quantum turbulence. C1 [Yepez, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Vahala, G.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Vahala, L.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD APR PY 2009 VL 171 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2009-01005-y PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 445IQ UT WOS:000266044900002 ER PT J AU Vahala, G Keating, B Soe, M Yepez, J Vahala, L Ziegeler, S AF Vahala, G. Keating, B. Soe, M. Yepez, J. Vahala, L. Ziegeler, S. TI Entropic, LES and boundary conditions in lattice Boltzmann simulations of turbulence SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dynamics International Conference CY JUL 23-27, 2007 CL Univ Calgary, Schulich Sch Engn, Banff, CANADA HO Univ Calgary, Schulich Sch Engn ID BACKWARD-FACING STEP; DISSIPATION; FLOW AB Large scale (1600(3)-grid) entropic lattice Boltzmann (ELB) simulations are performed on the 27-bit model at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers to find intermittency corrections to the Kolmogorov k(-5/3) inertial spectrum. Even though the transport coefficients in ELB and in the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) lattice Boltzmann schemes have very different origins, there are strong similarities in their turbulence statistics from 512(3)-grid simulations. A new LB moment-space boundary condition algorithm is tested on the 2D backstep problem, with excellent agreement with experimental data even up to a Reynolds number of 800. C1 [Vahala, G.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Keating, B.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Ocean & Resources Eng, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Soe, M.] Rogers State Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Claremore, OK 74017 USA. [Yepez, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Vahala, L.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Ziegeler, S.] Mississippi State Univ, High Performance Comp Modernizat Program, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Vahala, G (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD APR PY 2009 VL 171 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2009-01025-7 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 445IQ UT WOS:000266044900022 ER PT J AU Kemmer, TM Gidvani, V Lougee, D Coello, M Amador, W Aviles, R Saenz, G Duron, C AF Kemmer, Teresa Marie Gidvani, Vinod Lougee, Douglas Coello, Miguel Amador, Wilmer Aviles, Ricardo Saenz, Guillermo Duron, Carlos TI Anemia prevalence in Honduran children is significantly higher at increased altitudes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kemmer, Teresa Marie] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Gidvani, Vinod] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Lougee, Douglas] San Antonio Mil Pediat Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Coello, Miguel; Amador, Wilmer; Aviles, Ricardo; Saenz, Guillermo; Duron, Carlos] Joint Task Force Bravo, Comayagua, Honduras. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2009 VL 23 MA 917.8 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V27OC UT WOS:000208621506085 ER PT J AU Gunzelmann, G Byrne, MD Gluck, KA Moore, LR AF Gunzelmann, Glenn Byrne, Michael D. Gluck, Kevin A. Moore, L. Richard, Jr. TI Using Computational Cognitive Modeling to Predict Dual-Task Performance With Sleep Deprivation SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOLOGICAL REFRACTORY-PERIOD; SUSTAINED OPERATIONS; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; ATTENTION; ACCIDENTS; ALERTNESS; FATIGUE; DRIVER; HUMANS AB Objective: The effects of fatigue on multiple-task performance were explored through computational cognitive modeling. Background: Fatigue typically has a negative impact on human performance. Biomathematical models exist that characterize the dynamics of human alertness, but the link between alertness and in situ performance on specific tasks is tenuous. Cognitive architectures offer a principled means of establishing that link. Method: We implemented mechanisms for fatigue, which produce microlapses in cognitive processing, into an existing model, adaptive control of thought-rational, and validated the performance predictions with Bratzke, Rolke, Ulrich, and Peters' data on fatigue and multiple-task performance. Results: The microlapse model replicated the human performance results very well with zero free parameters, although the fit was improved when we allowed two individual differences parameters to vary. Conclusion: Increased frequency of microlapses as a result of fatigue provides a parsimonious explanation for the impact of fatigue on dual-task performance and is consistent with previous research. Application: Our results illustrate how using biomathematical models of fatigue in conjunction with a cognitive architecture can result in accurate predictions of the effects of fatigue on dual-task performance. Extending and generalizing this capability has potential utility in any safety-critical domain in which fatigue may affect performance. C1 [Gunzelmann, Glenn; Gluck, Kevin A.] AF Res Lab, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Byrne, Michael D.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. [Moore, L. Richard, Jr.] Lockheed Martin, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Gunzelmann, G (reprint author), AF Res Lab, 711 HPW RHAC,6030 S Kent St, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory's Warfighter Readiness Research Division; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [07HE01COR] FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. government. The research was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory's Warfighter Readiness Research Division and by Grant 07HE01COR from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We greatly appreciate the willingness of Daniel Bratzke and colleagues to openly share their empirical data in support of our model development and validation efforts. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD APR PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1177/0018720809334592 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 467KY UT WOS:000267738900011 PM 19653487 ER PT J AU Schmitt, A Collins, P AF Schmitt, Ashley Collins, Peter TI Demonstration of a Network of Simultaneously Operating Digital Noise Radars SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE Radar; noise radar; UHF radar; radar imaging; radar signal processing; radar network; ground penetrating radar; software defined radar; search and rescue AB Search and rescue following a natural disaster is a difficult problem, exacerbated by the cluttered environment obscuring human victims. It is well known that UHF radar-frequency radiation can penetrate the types of materials typically found in these situations with relatively little loss. This paper discusses the development of a network of digital noise radars, designed to operate in that frequency range to locate and track human movement through walls and rubble. Each individual noise radar works by cross correlating the received signal with a replica of the transmit signal. A high correlation indicates the range to the target. This noise radar design makes use of the software radar concept by converting the analog transmitted and received signals to digital signals. With the signals in digital form, the cross-correlation process can be accomplished in software. A network of three digital noise radars was developed. The three radars operated simultaneously in the same frequency range, without interference, to triangulate the (x, y) position of a target within a room. The results showed that the network of radars was capable of locating and tracking a human through an obscuring wall. C1 [Schmitt, Ashley; Collins, Peter] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schmitt, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.collins@afit.edu NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD APR PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1109/MAP.2009.5162031 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 462FN UT WOS:000267335300011 ER PT J AU Deming, R Schindler, J Perlovsky, L AF Deming, Ross Schindler, John Perlovsky, Leonid TI Multi-Target/Multi-Sensor Tracking using Only Range and Doppler Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2007 IEEE Radar Conference CY 2007 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE ID PROBABILISTIC DATA ASSOCIATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; EM ALGORITHM; MIXTURE-MODELS; TARGETS; OBJECTS; RADAR; SONAR; PMHT AB A new approach is described for combining range and Doppler data from multiple radar platforms to perform multi-target detection and tracking. In particular, azimuthal measurements are assumed to be either coarse or unavailable, so that multiple sensors are required to triangulate target tracks using range and Doppler measurements only. Increasing the number of sensors can cause data association by conventional means to become impractical due to combinatorial complexity, i.e., an exponential increase in the number of mappings between signatures and target models. When the azimuthal resolution is coarse, this problem will be exacerbated by the resulting overlap between signatures from multiple targets and clutter. In the new approach, the data association is performed probabilistically, using a variation of expectation-maximization (EM). Combinatorial complexity is avoided by performing an efficient optimization in the space of all target tracks and mappings between tracks and data. The full, multi-sensor, version of the algorithm is tested on simulated data. The results demonstrate that accurate tracks can be estimated by exploiting spatial diversity in the sensor locations. Also, as a proof-of-concept, a simplified, single-sensor range-only version of the algorithm is tested on experimental radar data acquired with a stretch radar receiver. These results are promising, and demonstrate robustness in the presence of nonhomogeneous clutter. C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate RYHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM ross.deming@hanscom.af.mil; jkschindler@verizon.net; leonid.perlovsky@hanscom.af.mil NR 40 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD APR PY 2009 VL 45 IS 2 BP 593 EP 611 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 469ZQ UT WOS:000267941300013 ER PT J AU Doo, SJ Roblin, P Balasubramanian, V Taylor, R Dandu, K Strahler, J Jessen, GH Teyssier, JP AF Doo, Seok Joo Roblin, Patrick Balasubramanian, Venkatesh Taylor, Richard Dandu, Krishnanshu Strahler, Jeffrey Jessen, Gregg H. Teyssier, Jean-Pierre TI Pulsed Active Load-Pull Measurements for the Design of High-Efficiency Class-B RF Power Amplifiers With GaN HEMTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Class B; GaN HEMTs; large-signal network analyzer (LSNA); load-pull; memory effects; pulsed-IV; pulsed-RF ID ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; SYSTEM AB A novel pulsed class-B load-pull measurement system is developed to characterize GaN HEMTs targeting the design of high-efficiency class-B or class-C power amplifiers operating under a pulsed-bias and pulsed-RF (pulsed-IV/RF) condition. Based on a large-signal network analyzer, the test system uses an active load-pull method to provide stable open-loop pulsed-RF loads into the drain at omega(0) and 2 omega(0) while bypassing slow-memory effects. The load-pull measurement data obtained from AlGaN/GaN HEMTs under the class-B operation reveal that there exist optimal loads for pulsed-IV/RF condition, which differ from the ones found for a dc-IV and continuous wave condition. This is due to the avoidance of slow-memory effects in the pulsed-IV/RF load-pull measurements, which are known to degrade the device RF performance: a 2-dB increase in output power is obtained for a GaN HEMT on sapphire. The optimized pulsed-RF active load for a GaN HEMT on SiC demonstrates a power-added efficiency of 82% with 17.8-dBm output power under quasi class-B pulsed operation at 2 GHz. C1 [Doo, Seok Joo; Roblin, Patrick; Balasubramanian, Venkatesh] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Taylor, Richard; Dandu, Krishnanshu] Texas Instruments Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. [Strahler, Jeffrey] Andrew Corp, Westerville, OH 43082 USA. [Jessen, Gregg H.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Teyssier, Jean-Pierre] XLIM Inst Res, F-87060 Limoges, France. RP Doo, SJ (reprint author), Korea Army Acad Young Cheon, Dept Elect Engn, Young Cheon 770849, South Korea. EM roblin@ece.osu.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) GOALI [ECS-0622003]; Texas Instruments Incorporated FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) GOALI under Grant ECS-0622003 and by Texas Instruments Incorporated under a grant. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD APR PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 881 EP 889 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2015111 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 435WN UT WOS:000265374100018 ER PT J AU Badiru, A AF Badiru, Adedeji TI White House memo SO INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. RP Badiru, A (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS PI NORCROSS PA 3577 PARKWAY LANE, STE 200, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA SN 1542-894X J9 IND ENG JI Ind. Eng PD APR PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA V18MO UT WOS:000208009100005 ER PT J AU Golden, PJ AF Golden, Patrick J. TI Development of a dovetail fretting fatigue fixture for turbine engine materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Fretting; Dovetail; Ti-6Al-4V; Nickel based superalloy; Elevated temperature AB A unique dovetail fretting fatigue fixture was designed and evaluated for testing turbine engine materials at room or elevated temperatures. Cold section and hot section materials from military turbojet engines were chosen for testing. These included Ti-6Al-4V, Rene'88DT, and Rene'N5. The new fixture was improved over a previously used dovetail fretting fatigue fixture by including instrumentation for direct measurement of the normal contact force, alignment control, and elevated temperature capability. Measurement of the shear component of the contact force was validated through an alternative instrumentation method. Investigation of the thermal gradient in the specimen and pads was conducted. Initial test results revealed interesting variability in the behavior of the nickel based superalloy specimens at elevated temperature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Golden, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.golden@wpafb.af.mil FU DARPA FX This work was supported by the DARPA Engine System Prognosis program with Dr. Leo Christodoulou as program manager. The author would like to acknowledge Professor Farris and students from the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Purdue University for their contributions to the design of this fretting fatigue fixture. The author would also like to acknowledge General Electric Aviation for supplying the Rene'88DT and Rene'N5 materials used in this study. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD APR PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 BP 620 EP 628 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.03.017 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 412FI UT WOS:000263709000003 ER PT J AU Fawaz, SA Hill, D AF Fawaz, S. A. Hill, D. TI Validation of stress intensity factors of diametrically opposed corner cracks in a hole SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Stress intensity; Striation spacing; Validation; Unsymmetric corner cracks AB Population of the world's largest database of stress intensity factor (K) solutions began in 2002 with the calculation of 5.6 million K solutions for diametrically opposed unsymmetric corner cracks at a straight shank hole in a finite width sheet subject to remote tension, remote bending, and bearing loading. Previous work to validate these K solutions was in the form of fatigue life predictions and crack shape development. The current work attempts to build on the previous validation efforts with the addition of comparing the calculated K solutions with K solutions obtained from carefully controlled laboratory experiments. The latter are obtained via fatigue striation measurements at high magnification, up to 40,000x, using a scanning electron microscope and crack growth rate data, in terms of da/dN vs. Delta K at the same test condition. The results show the numerical K solutions are within 20% of the experimentally derived Ks at discrete locations along the crack front. The relatively large error is due to the discontinuous crack extension process of the crack front. Moreover, the entire crack front does not instantaneously extend uniformly in a self similar fashion. The crack extends stepwise over discrete portions of the crack front. Possibly averaging the striation spacing over a specified arc length of the crack front would ameliorate the discontinuous nature of crack propagation resulting in better correlation between the numerical and experimental results. As a result of the current work, we have shown time consuming striation spacing measurements at high magnification are not required to validate K solutions. The best method for such validation efforts is using the fatigue life, crack history, and crack shape which can be obtained at I 10th the cost of obtaining striation spacing measurements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fawaz, S. A.; Hill, D.] USAF Acad, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Dept Engn Mech, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fawaz, SA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Dept Engn Mech, 2354 Fairchild Hall,Suite 6L-155, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Scott.Fawaz@USAFA.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD APR PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 BP 712 EP 718 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.03.015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 412FI UT WOS:000263709000014 ER PT J AU Fadare, O AF Fadare, Oluwole TI Myxoid Epithelioid Sarcoma: Clinicopathologic Analysis of 2 Cases SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epithelioid sarcoma; myxoid ID DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; SOFT-TISSUE; SERIES; TUMORS; VARIANT; CARCINOMA AB In the nearly 4 decades since its original delineation as a distinct clinicopathologic entity, several morphologic variations of epithelioid sarcoma have been described. Proximal, angiomatoid, and fibroma-like variants have been reported, as have cases displaying significant hyalinization, calcification, and/or ossification. Furthermore, it has long been recognized that epithelioid sarcoma may display focal myxoid change. Herein, the authors describe 2 examples of epithelioid sarcoma that displayed diffuse myxoid change. Both cases were otherwise typical, both morphologically and immunophenotypically, of epithelioid sarcoma. The tumors in both cases were localized, and the patients were treated with wide local excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. The patients are free of disease recurrence after 25 and 37 months of follow-up. Differential considerations that may arise because of the composite of morphologic and immunophenotypic findings noted in these cases are discussed, especially if encountered in a small biopsy. These cases further expand the morphologic spectrum of epithelioid sarcoma. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1066-8969 J9 INT J SURG PATHOL JI Int. J. Surg. Pathol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 17 IS 2 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1177/1066896908316383 PG 6 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 423PW UT WOS:000264509200012 PM 18480401 ER PT J AU Holstein, RG Palazotto, AN Cobb, RG AF Holstein, Raymond G. Palazotto, Anthony N. Cobb, Richard G. TI Structural Design Considerations of an Inflatable Rigidizable Space Shuttle Experiment SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The Air Force Institute of Technology is in the process of designing a space shuttle experiment designated as the Rigidized Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment (RIGEX) to study the effects of microgravity on the deployment of inflatable rigidizable composite structures. Once in space, the experiment is designed to inflate and rigidize three composite tubes (which could be used in a more global space structure), then perform a vibration analysis on each by exciting the structures using piezoelectric patches mounted to the walls of the tubes and collect data via accelerometers. The experiment is designed to take part in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) get-away-special program and as such must meet structural verification standards to be pay loaded as such. This paper presents the structural and vibration analysis of the RIGEX assembly and inflatable composite tubes using ABAQUS finite-element analysis (FEA) software. Results of the FEA showed good correlation when compared to eigenvalue/eigenvector experimental results obtained from ping testing the actual structures. This finite-element analysis has been used to modify the experiments design to meet NASA structural integrity requirements and verify the natural frequency of the RIGEX structural support assemblies. C1 [Palazotto, Anthony N.; Cobb, Richard G.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anthony.palazotto@afit.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD APR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:2(123) PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 418MK UT WOS:000264152100003 ER PT J AU Han, SJ Palazotto, AN Leakeas, CL AF Han, SeJin Palazotto, Anthony N. Leakeas, Charles L. TI Finite-Element Analysis of Lamb Wave Propagation in a Thin Aluminum Plate SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE SENSORS AB Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an emerging technology that can be used to identify, locate, and quantify structural damages before failure. Among SHM techniques, Lamb waves are widely used since they can cover large areas from a single location. The development of various structural simulation programs has lead to increasing interest in whether SHM data obtained from the simulation can be verified by experimentation. The objective of this research is to determine the Lamb wave responses of SHM models using the finite-element software package ABAQUS CAE as a computational tool for an isotropic plate. These results are compared to experimental results and theoretical predictions under isothermal and thermal gradient conditions to assess the sensitivity of piezoelectric generated Lamb wave propagation. Simulations of isothermal tests are conducted over a temperature range of 0-190 degrees F using 100 and 300 kHz as excitation frequencies. The changes in temperature-dependent material properties are used to measure the differences in the response signal's waveform and propagation speed. An analysis of the simulated signal response data demonstrated that elevated temperatures delay the Lamb wave propagation, although the delays are found to be minimal at the temperatures tested. C1 [Han, SeJin; Palazotto, Anthony N.; Leakeas, Charles L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Palazotto, AN (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anthony.palazotto@afit.edu NR 24 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD APR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:2(185) PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 418MK UT WOS:000264152100009 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Higgins, AK Huang, MQ Horwath, JC Shen, Y Liu, S AF Chen, C. H. Higgins, A. K. Huang, M. Q. Horwath, J. C. Shen, Y. Liu, S. TI Bulk nanocrystalline Sm(Co1-xFex)(z) with z up to 14.7% and 35% Co-Fe phase and the effect of fluorine inclusion SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS AB This paper reports the effort for searching new compounds and exploring feasible techniques that can make nanocomposite magnets. Bulk nanocrystalline magnets were made using mechanical alloying and hot compaction, whose compositions were Sm(Co1-xFex)(z) and Sm[(Co1-xFex)(1-y)F-y](z) with z=5.6-4.7, x=0-0.575, and y=0-0.08. For isotropic Sm(Co0.834Fe0.167)(z) series, the remanence B-r increases from 6 to 9.1 kG as z increases from 5.6 to 14.7, and the energy product (BH)(max) values range from 3 to 13.8 MGOe. Although the coercivity H-ci decreased from 12 kOe at z=6 to 3.3 kOe at z=14.7, it is noticeably good for the material with up to 35% of soft phase, showing evidence of exhange ecoupling. Magnetic properties of of Sm(Co1-xFex)(1-y)F-y)(z) series indicate some texture forming for y=0.04 and z<7.6. TEM and SEM/EDS analyses show (2:17) hard phase and Fe-Co soft phase coexisting in the specimens with z>8.5. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3068635] C1 [Chen, C. H.; Higgins, A. K.; Liu, S.] Univ Dayton, Magnet Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Huang, M. Q.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Huang, M. Q.; Horwath, J. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shen, Y.; Liu, S.] FutureTek Corp, Dayton, OH 45419 USA. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Magnet Lab, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM christina.chen@udri.udayton.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 07A718 DI 10.1063/1.3068635 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500194 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Elhamri, S Haugan, HJ Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC AF Szmulowicz, F. Elhamri, S. Haugan, H. J. Brown, G. J. Mitchel, W. C. TI Carrier mobility as a function of carrier density in type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE ROUGHNESS SCATTERING; QUANTUM-WELLS; ELECTRON; PHOTODIODES; GAAS; TEMPERATURE; DETECTORS AB We report on a study of the in-plane carrier mobility in InAs/GaSb superlattices as a function of carrier density. Instead of using a number of differently doped samples, we use the persistent-photoconductivity effect to vary the carrier density over a wide range from n- to p-type in single samples and perform Hall effect measurements. Hence, our data are not obscured by sample to sample nonuniformities. We demonstrate that low-temperature in-plane mobilities are limited by screened interface roughness scattering (IRS), although present models of two-dimensional carrier screening of IRS lead to a limited agreement with our data. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3103281] C1 [Szmulowicz, F.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Haugan, H. J.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Brown, G. J.; Mitchel, W. C.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM frank.szmulowicz@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force [FA8650-06-D-5401, F33615-03-D-5801] FX We would like to thank Mr. S. Fenstermaker for providing technical assistance with the MBE system and Professor R. Berney from the University of Dayton for technical assistance with Hall measurements. The Air Force supported this work through Contract Nos. FA8650-06-D-5401 (F.S.) and F33615-03-D-5801 (H.J.H. and S.E.) NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 074303 DI 10.1063/1.3103281 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500071 ER PT J AU Turgut, Z Horwath, JC Huang, MQ Coate, JE AF Turgut, Zafer Horwath, John C. Huang, Meiqing Coate, Jack E. TI Isothermal oxidation behaviors of FeCoV and FeCoVNb alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 11-14, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES AB The present study investigates the isothermal oxidation of two iron-cobalt based alloys at 500 degrees C for up to 5000 h. Both alloys exhibit crack-free oxide layers consist of a porosity-free iron rich outer layer and a solute rich inner layer populated with islands of solute oxides and porosities. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal the presence of MO-Fe(2)O(3)-type (where M=Co, Nb, and/or V) spinel structures along with Fe(2)O(3). Analysis shows that the oxidation follows the parabolic rate law for both alloys with niobium containing alloy exhibiting a higher oxidation rate. Comparison of yield strengths (sigma(0)) of oxidized specimens to those aged similarly under an inert atmosphere indicates that two competing mechanisms occur. Surface oxidation decreases the yield strength while precipitation reactions inside the iron-cobalt matrix increase the yield strength of the matrix. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3078412] C1 [Turgut, Zafer; Huang, Meiqing] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Horwath, John C.; Coate, Jack E.] AFRL, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Turgut, Z (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM zafer.turgut@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 7 AR 07A330 DI 10.1063/1.3078412 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 453SX UT WOS:000266633500141 ER PT J AU Nelson, DA Charbonnel, S Curran, AR Marttila, EA Fiala, D Mason, PA Ziriax, JM AF Nelson, D. A. Charbonnel, S. Curran, A. R. Marttila, E. A. Fiala, D. Mason, P. A. Ziriax, J. M. TI A High-Resolution Voxel Model for Predicting Local Tissue Temperatures in Humans Subjected to Warm and Hot Environments SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE biological tissues; biothermics; haemodynamics; physiological models; pneumodynamics; skin ID THERMAL-PROPERTIES; ABSORPTION RATE; SAR DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; HEAT-TRANSFER; WIDE-RANGE; BLOOD-FLOW; HUMAN EYE; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE AB This work describes and presents results from a new three-dimensional whole-body model of human thermoregulation. The model has been implemented using a version of the "Brooks Man" anatomical data set, consisting of 1.3x10(8) cubic volume elements (voxels) measuring 0.2 cm/side. The model simulates thermoregulation through passive mechanisms (metabolism, blood flow, respiration, and transpiration) and active mechanisms (vasodilatation, vasoconstriction, sweating, and shivering). Compared with lumped or compartment models, a voxel model is capable of high spatial resolution and can capture a level of anatomical detail not achievable otherwise. A high spatial resolution model can predict detailed heating patterns from localized or nonuniform heating patterns, such as from some radio frequency sources. Exposures to warm and hot environments (ambient temperatures of 33-48 degrees C) were simulated with the current voxel model and with a recent compartment model. Results from the two models (core temperature, skin temperature, metabolic rate, and evaporative cooling rate) were compared with published experimental results obtained under similar conditions. Under the most severe environmental conditions considered (47.8 degrees C, 27% RH for 2 h), the voxel model predicted a rectal temperature increase of 0.56 degrees C, compared with a core temperature increase of 0.45 degrees C from the compartment model and an experimental mean rectal temperature increase of 0.6 degrees C. Similar, good agreement was noted for other thermal variables and under other environmental conditions. Results suggest that the voxel model is capable of predicting temperature response (core temperature and skin temperature) to certain warm or hot environments, with accuracy comparable to that of a compartment model. In addition, the voxel model is able to predict internal tissue temperatures and surface temperatures, over time, with a level of specificity and spatial resolution not achievable with compartment models. The development of voxel models and related computational tools may be useful for thermal dosimetry applications involving mild temperature hyperthermia and for the assessment of safe exposure to certain nonionizing radiation sources. C1 [Nelson, D. A.; Charbonnel, S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Curran, A. R.; Marttila, E. A.] ThermoAnalyt Inc, Calumet, MI 49913 USA. [Fiala, D.] Univ Karlsruhe, Fachgebiet Bauphys & Tech Ausbau, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Mason, P. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. [Ziriax, J. M.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Nelson, D. A.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Mech Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Nelson, DA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM danelson@usouthal.edu NR 76 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0148-0731 J9 J BIOMECH ENG-T ASME JI J. Biomech. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2009 VL 131 IS 4 AR 041003 DI 10.1115/1.3002765 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 416SM UT WOS:000264025800003 PM 19275432 ER PT J AU Jobes, DA Bryan, CJ Neal-Walden, TA AF Jobes, David A. Bryan, Craig J. Neal-Walden, Tracy A. TI Conducting Suicide Research in Naturalistic Clinical Settings SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE suicide; effectiveness research; translational research ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PSYCHOTHERAPY; BEHAVIORS; PATIENT; PREVENTION; EFFICACY; DISORDER; THERAPY; REASONS AB Unique challenges arise for clinical researchers designing studies focused on suicidal behaviors due to the inherently high-risk nature of such research. Traditional approaches to clinical trial design are briefly discussed, highlighting the limitations and obstacles of these approaches when working with suicidal individuals. Using their own personal experiences and setbacks from an ongoing clinical suicidology research program, the authors argue for greater emphasis on effectiveness and translational research designs conducted in naturalistic clinical settings to test the practical utility of empirically-supported treatments for suicidal behaviors, to gain new perspectives on suicidal individuals, and to better understand the nature of suicidal risk. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:382-395, 2009. C1 [Jobes, David A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Bryan, Craig J.; Neal-Walden, Tracy A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Jobes, DA (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, 314 OBoyle Hall, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM jobes@cua.edu OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9762 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOL JI J. Clin. Psychol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 65 IS 4 BP 382 EP 395 DI 10.1002/jclp.20556 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 419IM UT WOS:000264212900004 PM 19226608 ER PT J AU Whipple, SJ Kirkpatrick, TC Rutledge, RE AF Whipple, Sterling J. Kirkpatrick, Timothy C. Rutledge, Richard E. TI Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Two Variable-taper Rotary File Systems: ProTaper Universal and V-Taper SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE Cyclic Fatigue; ProTaper Universal; V-Taper; Variable-taper Rotary File ID TITANIUM ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS; CLINICAL-USE; ENGINE-DRIVEN; DEFECTS; CURVATURE; FRACTURE; FAILURE; CANALS; HAND AB The cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) and V-Taper (Guidance Endo, Albuquerque, NM) files was measured while rotating files around a 5-mm radius curve with 90 degrees of maximum flexure. The files were rotated at 250 rpm with a continuous axial oscillation of 4 mm at 1 Hz. The number of cycles to failure was calculated and analyzed by using univariate analysis of variance and the Tukey HSD posthoc test with results confirmed by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests with a Bonferroni correction. The fracture faces of representative files were imaged with a scanning electron microscope to confirm cyclic fatigue as the mode of fracture. For the instruments tested, the ProTaper files appeared to resist fracture better than the V-Taper files. At each tip size tested, the ProTaper files either outperformed or were not statistically different than V-Taper files. (J Endod 2009;35:555-558) C1 [Whipple, Sterling J.; Kirkpatrick, Timothy C.; Rutledge, Richard E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Whipple, SJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59th Dent Training Squadron SGDT,2450 Pepperell S, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM whipplesj@byu.net NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD APR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 4 BP 555 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2009.01.002 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 436DO UT WOS:000265393000015 PM 19345804 ER PT J AU Stevenson, M Crownover, B Mackler, L AF Stevenson, Michael Crownover, Brian Mackler, Leslie TI What's the best test for renal artery stenosis in patients with refractory hypertension? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Stevenson, Michael; Crownover, Brian] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Mackler, Leslie] Moses Cone Hlth Syst Lib, Greensboro, NC USA. RP Stevenson, M (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD APR PY 2009 VL 58 IS 4 BP 215 EP 216 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 456DI UT WOS:000266819600008 PM 19358801 ER PT J AU Salter, B Owens, J Hayn, R McDonald, R Shannon, E AF Salter, Bruce Owens, Jeffery Hayn, Ryan McDonald, Rashelle Shannon, Eileen TI N-chloramide modified Nomex(A (R)) as a regenerable self-decontaminating material for protection against chemical warfare agents SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 2-CHLOROETHYL ETHYL SULFIDE; ANTIMICROBIAL TEXTILES; BIOCIDAL FUNCTIONS; OXIDATION; DETOXIFICATION AB Recent interest in the treatment of textiles for chemical and biological agent defense has led to the creation of materials that contain N-chloramide moieties. These materials have demonstrated efficacy against weaponizable bacteria, mustard, and VX, as well as possessing antimicrobial properties against nuisance organisms that cause conditions such as athlete's foot or molds. Here, N-chloramides have been attached to Nomex(A (R)) intended for use as self-decontaminating regenerable military textiles. The materials were assayed for content of active oxidizing agent, and tested for efficacy against 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide and Demeton-S, simulants for mustard and VX, respectively. The decomposition products for each reaction were identified as well as reaction pathways to form each by-product as correlated to analogous products of mustard and VX. Furthermore, the rate constant for the neutralization of each simulant on the reactive material was calculated from data collected by GC-MS and ATR-FTIR real-time studies. C1 [Salter, Bruce; Owens, Jeffery; Hayn, Ryan; McDonald, Rashelle; Shannon, Eileen] USAF, Res Labs, Tyndall AFB, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. [Salter, Bruce; Hayn, Ryan; McDonald, Rashelle] Appl Res Associates Inc ARA, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Salter, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Tyndall AFB, 139 Barnes Dr Bldg 1117, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. EM bruce.salter@tyndall.af.mil; jeffery.owens@tyndall.af.mil; ryan.hayn@tyndall.af.mil; rashelle.mcdonald@tyndall.af.mil; eileen.shannon@tyndall.af.mil NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2069 EP 2078 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-3114-z PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 423GP UT WOS:000264485100021 ER PT J AU Lu, YC Tandon, GP Putthanarat, S Schoeppner, GA AF Lu, Y. C. Tandon, G. P. Putthanarat, S. Schoeppner, G. A. TI Nanoindentation strain rate sensitivity of thermo-oxidized PMR-15 polyimide SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID END-CAPPED POLYIMIDES; POWER-LAW CREEP; OXIDATIVE-DEGRADATION; INDENTATION; RESIN; HARDNESS AB This article reports the study of rate-dependent mechanical properties of thermal-oxidized PMR-15 polyimide resins with a nanoindenter. A series of PMR-15 resin specimens have been isothermally aged at various temperatures, times, and pressures. The strain rate sensitivity of oxidized surface layer obtained at each aging condition has been determined from nanoindentation creep experiments using constant displacement-rate (h) method. Results show that the average strain rate sensitivity in the oxidized surface layer is notably higher than that in the unoxidized interior, indicating that the oxidized surface layer has limited ductility and thus is susceptible to fracture. Effects of aging environments (time, temperature, and pressure) on mechanical properties are also examined. After passing the initial oxidation stage, the change in strain rate sensitivity become insignificant and less sensitive to aging parameters. C1 [Lu, Y. C.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Tandon, G. P.; Putthanarat, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Schoeppner, G. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM chlu@engr.uky.edu FU ASEE; Kentucky EPSCoR NLI FX This study was partially supported by ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program and performed under the direction of Dr. Greg A. Schoeppner of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), WPAFB. Y. C. Lu also acknowledges the support obtained from a Kentucky EPSCoR NLI grant. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2119 EP 2127 DI 10.1007/s10853-009-3311-4 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 423GP UT WOS:000264485100027 ER PT J AU Linkov, I Steevens, J Adlakha-Hutcheon, G Bennett, E Chappell, M Colvin, V Davis, JM Davis, T Elder, A Hansen, S Hakkinen, PB Hussain, SM Karkan, D Korenstein, R Lynch, I Metcalfe, C Ramadan, AB Satterstrom, FK AF Linkov, Igor Steevens, Jeffery Adlakha-Hutcheon, Gitanjali Bennett, Erin Chappell, Mark Colvin, Vicki Davis, J. Michael Davis, Thomas Elder, Alison Foss Hansen, Steffen Hakkinen, Pertti Bert Hussain, Saber M. Karkan, Delara Korenstein, Rafi Lynch, Iseult Metcalfe, Chris Ramadan, Abou Bakr Satterstrom, F. Kyle TI Emerging methods and tools for environmental risk assessment, decision-making, and policy for nanomaterials: summary of NATO Advanced Research Workshop SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Nanomaterials; Risk assessment; Decision analysis; Regulatory policy; Uncertainty analysis; Nanotechnology governance; Societal implications ID CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; NANOTOXICOLOGY; ULTRAFINE; PROTEINS; WATER AB Nanomaterials and their associated technologies hold promising opportunities for the development of new materials and applications in a wide variety of disciplines, including medicine, environmental remediation, waste treatment, and energy conservation. However, current information regarding the environmental effects and health risks associated with nanomaterials is limited and sometimes contradictory. This article summarizes the conclusions of a 2008 NATO workshop designed to evaluate the wide-scale implications (e.g., benefits, risks, and costs) of the use of nanomaterials on human health and the environment. A unique feature of this workshop was its interdisciplinary nature and focus on the practical needs of policy decision makers. Workshop presentations and discussion panels were structured along four main themes: technology and benefits, human health risk, environmental risk, and policy implications. Four corresponding working groups (WGs) were formed to develop detailed summaries of the state-of-the-science in their respective areas and to discuss emerging gaps and research needs. The WGs identified gaps between the rapid advances in the types and applications of nanomaterials and the slower pace of human health and environmental risk science, along with strategies to reduce the uncertainties associated with calculating these risks. C1 [Linkov, Igor] USA, Environm Lab, Corps Engineers, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. [Steevens, Jeffery] USA, Erdc, Vicksburg, MS 39056 USA. [Adlakha-Hutcheon, Gitanjali] Def Res & Dev Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K2, Canada. [Bennett, Erin] Intertox Inc, Salem, MA 01970 USA. [Chappell, Mark] USA, Environm Lab, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39056 USA. [Colvin, Vicki] Rice Univ, ICON, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Davis, J. Michael] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Davis, Thomas] Univ Montreal, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Elder, Alison] Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14610 USA. [Foss Hansen, Steffen] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Environm Engn, NanoDTU, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Davis, Thomas] Environm Canada, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Karkan, Delara] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. [Korenstein, Rafi] Tel Aviv Univ, Marian Gertner Inst Med Nanosyst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Fac Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lynch, Iseult] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Chem & Chem Biol, Irish Ctr Colloid Sci & Biomat, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Metcalfe, Chris] Trent Univ, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Ramadan, Abou Bakr] Natl Egyptian Environm & Radiat Monitoring Networ, Nasr City 11672, Cairo, Egypt. [Satterstrom, F. Kyle] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Engn Sci Lab 224, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bennett, Erin] Bioengn Grp, Salem, MA 01970 USA. RP Linkov, I (reprint author), USA, Environm Lab, Corps Engineers, 83 Winchester St Suite 1, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. EM Igor.Linkov@usace.army.mil; Jeffery.A.Steevens@us.army.mil; Gitanjali.Adlakha-Hutcheon@drdc-rddc.gc.ca; ebennett@bioengineering.com; Mark.a.chappell@usace.army.mil; colvin@rice.edu; Davis.Jmichael@epa.gov; ta.davis@umontreal.ca; Alison_Elder@urmc.rochester.edu; sfh@er.dtu.dk; berthakkinen@gmail.com; Saber.Hussain@wpafb.af.mil; Delara_karkan@hc-sc.gc.ca; korens@post.tau.ac.il; iseult@fiachra.ucd.ie; cmetcalfe@trentu.ca; ramadan58@yahoo.com; satterst@fas.harvard.edu RI Davis, J Michael/B-3337-2009; Hakkinen, Pertti/G-4803-2016; Lynch, Iseult/I-3915-2014 OI Hakkinen, Pertti/0000-0002-8295-9738; Lynch, Iseult/0000-0003-4250-4584 NR 42 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD APR PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 513 EP 527 DI 10.1007/s11051-008-9514-9 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 413MR UT WOS:000263797700001 ER PT J AU Johnson, DL Carnes, D Steffensen, B Cochran, DL AF Johnson, Dwight L. Carnes, David Steffensen, Bjorn Cochran, David L. TI Cellular Effects of Enamel Matrix Derivative Are Associated With Different Molecular Weight Fractions Following Separation by Size-Exclusion Chromatography SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Angiogenesis; bone morphogenetic protein; cell differentiation; cell proliferation ID PERIODONTAL-LIGAMENT CELLS; HUMAN NEUTROPHIL GELATINASE; II-LIKE MODULES; IN-VITRO; C2C12 CELLS; AMELOGENIN; PROTEIN; GROWTH; EMDOGAIN(R); EXPRESSION AB Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) was shown to enhance soft tissue healing and regeneration of the periodontium; however, the mechanisms of this action are unknown. It is assumed that amelogenin, the most abundant protein in EMD, is the protein primarily responsible for the effects of EMD. The purpose this study was to fractionate EMD and associate its specific cellular effects with different molecular weight fractions following size-exclusion chromatography. Methods: Freshly dissolved EMD was fractionated by gel filtration, and forty-five 7-ml fractions were collected, desalted, lyophilized, and resuspended. These fractions were analyzed for their effects on the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells (C2C12) and the proliferation and differentiation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). Alkaline phosphatase activity (C2C12) was measured as a marker for osteogenic differentiation before and after preincubation of the fractions with the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) decoy receptor, noggin. Angiogenesis (HMVEC) was evaluated as a marker for endothelial cell differentiation. Enzymographic assays used polyacrylamide gels copolymerized with denatured type I Collagen to determine gelatinolytic activities in each fraction. Results: EMD fractionated into three major protein peaks following size exclusion chromatography with cross-linked dextran particle matrix. Peak I was associated with the column void volume, whereas peak III eluted near the salt volume. Peak 11 eluted between these two peaks. Proliferation and angiogenic activities were associated with peaks 11 and III for the microvascular cells. The differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells, indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity, was induced by EMD components present in peak I and the leading edge of peak II. The additional observation that this differentiation was inhibited by prior treatment of the fractions with noggin suggested the activity was induced by BMP rather than amelogenin or other unknown proteins. Gelatinolytic activities were detected in the early fractions of peaks I and II of gel-fractionated EMD. Conclusions: The cellular activities stimulated by EMD are not associated with a single molecular weight species. The fact that noggin abolishes C2C12 alkaline phosphatase activity suggests that effects on osteoprogenitor cell differentiation are the result of a BMP-like protein (s), whereas effects on proliferation and angiogenesis are associated with lower molecular weight species present in peaks II and III. Finally, unheated EMD displays gelatinolytic activities that are also detectable following size-exclusion separation of its constituents. The masses of these activities were consistent with those reported for latent and active matrix metalloproteinase-20. J Periodontol 2009;80:648-656. C1 [Carnes, David; Steffensen, Bjorn; Cochran, David L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Johnson, Dwight L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Cochran, DL (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Periodont, MSC 7894,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM cochran@uthscsa.edu FU National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland [DE14236, DE016312]; Biora, Malmo, Sweden FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the United States Air Force or Department of Defense. This work was supported, in part, by grants DE14236 and DE016312 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and a grant from Biora, Malmo, Sweden (now Institute Straumann, Basel, Switzerland). The EMD used in this study was manufactured by Institute Straumann, and Dr. Cochran has received consulting fees from Institute Straumann. The authors acknowledge the technical assistance of Helen Hoffer and Yao Wang as well as the efforts of Madge Cluck and Dolores Garza in the preparation of the final manuscript; all are employed in the Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. NR 35 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 EI 1943-3670 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD APR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 4 BP 648 EP 656 DI 10.1902/jop.2009.070420 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 433TD UT WOS:000265227800014 PM 19335085 ER PT J AU Torres, KL Clements, HA Jones, SE Dilmore, M Martin, B AF Torres, K. L. Clements, H. A. Jones, S. E. Dilmore, M. Martin, B. TI Dynamic Strength Estimates for a High-Strength Experimental Steel SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 17-21, 2005 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE dynamic testing; impact strength; impact testing; steel; stress-strain relations ID FLAT-ENDED PROJECTILES; IMPACT; COPPER AB For several years, the Air Force has been engaged in the development of high velocity air to surface missiles to defeat hard targets, such as concrete, sand, and soil. The objective is to replace larger, high mass weapons with smaller, more versatile projectiles that can achieve the same goals. The reduction of mass requires that the impact velocity be increased to meet the performance requirements. This has presented researchers with several challenges. First, the steel must be such that it survives the initial shock at impact. Second, because the travel distance in the target is long, the material must resist friction and wear, which could erode the projectile nose, thereby degrading performance. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of dynamic testing of an experimental high-strength steel, also called Eglin steel. Using a one-dimensional model for the Taylor cylinder test, the constitutive behavior of the steel as a function of strain and strain rate can be assessed through a strain rate of roughly 10(5)/s. This behavior is consistent with that required for successful modeling of the response of a penetrator casing in the ultra-ordinance velocity range. C1 [Torres, K. L.; Clements, H. A.; Jones, S. E.] Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Dilmore, M.; Martin, B.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Torres, KL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM torre003@ua.edu; cleme014@ua.edu; sejones@eng.ua.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2009 VL 131 IS 2 AR 021404 DI 10.1115/1.3027453 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 400FC UT WOS:000262852400020 ER PT J AU Wesley, WR Simpson, JR Parker, PA Pignatiello, JJ AF Wesley, Wayne R. Simpson, James R. Parker, Peter A. Pignatiello, Joseph J., Jr. TI Exact Calculation of Integrated Prediction Variance for Response Surface Designs on Cuboidal and Spherical Regions SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Design Optimality; IV-Criterion; Region Moments; Restricted Randomization ID SECOND-ORDER DESIGNS; SPLIT-PLOT DESIGNS; EQUIVALENT ESTIMATION; CONSTRUCTION; COMPOSITE; CRITERIA; MODELS AB Over the years, design optimality evaluation of response surface designs focused mainly on D-optimality and G-optimality criteria. The apparent limited use of the IV-optimality criterion appears to be influenced by the computational challenges associated with the criterion. The lack of available computer code appears to be the main reason for limited use of the IV-optimality criterion. In addition, the IV-optimality criterion appears more difficult to code than the D-optimality criterion because of the integration required over the specified design region. In this paper, an efficient and exact method is presented for computing the IV-optimality criterion for selected response surface designs. The pseudo-code for the computer program is also presented. The investigation examines both spherical and cuboidal regions of interest. In addition, an analytical approach is outlined for computing the IV-optimality criterion for second-order split-plot designs. A particular feature of the analytical expressions is that they are derived using the design parameters. In addition, several comparisons of second-order response surface designs are illustrated for completely randomized designs and split-plot designs. C1 [Wesley, Wayne R.] Univ Technol, Fac Engn & Comp, Kingston 6, Jamaica. [Simpson, James R.] 53d Test Management Grp, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Parker, Peter A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Pignatiello, Joseph J., Jr.] Florida State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Wesley, WR (reprint author), Univ Technol, Fac Engn & Comp, Kingston 6, Jamaica. EM wwesley3@hotmail.com; James.Simpson@eglin.af.mil; peter.a.parker@nasa.gov; pigna@eng.fsu.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 41 IS 2 BP 165 EP 180 PG 16 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 424VH UT WOS:000264595900008 ER PT J AU Chicken, E Pignatiello, J Simpson, JR AF Chicken, Eric Pignatiello, Joseph, Jr. Simpson, James R. TI Statistical Process Monitoring of Nonlinear Profiles Using Wavelets SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Average Run Length; Change Point; Control Charts Likelihood Ratio; Nonlinear; Semiparametric; Statistical Process Control; Wavelet Thresholding ID QUALITY PROFILES; LINEAR PROFILES; SHRINKAGE; PRODUCT AB Many modern industrial processes are capable of generating rich and complex data records that do not readily permit the use of traditional statistical process-control techniques. For example, a "single observation" from a process might consist of n pairs of (x, y) data that can be described as y = f(x) when the process is in control. Such data structures or relationships between y and x are called profiles. Examples of profiles include calibration curves in chemical processing, oxide thickness across wafer surfaces in semiconductor manufacturing, and radar signals of military targets. In this paper, a semiparametric wavelet method is proposed for monitoring for changes in sequences of nonlinear profiles. Based on a likelihood ratio test involving a changepoint model, the method uses the spatial-adaptivity properties of wavelets to accurately detect profile changes taking nearly limitless functional forms. The method is used to differentiate between different radar profiles and its performance is assessed with Monte Carlo simulation. The results presented indicate the method can quickly detect a wide variety of changes from a given, in-control profile. C1 [Chicken, Eric] Florida State Univ, Dept Stat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Pignatiello, Joseph, Jr.] Florida State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. USAF, Test Management Grp 53, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Chicken, E (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Stat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM chicken@stat.fsn.edu; pigna@eng.fsu.edu; james.simpson@eglin.af.mil NR 29 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD APR PY 2009 VL 41 IS 2 BP 198 EP 212 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 424VH UT WOS:000264595900010 ER PT J AU Selvam, RP Sarkar, M Sarkar, S Ponnappan, R Yerkes, KL AF Selvam, R. Panneer Sarkar, Mita Sarkar, Suranjan Ponnappan, Rengasamy Yerkes, Kirk L. TI Modeling Thermal-Boundary-Layer Effect on Liquid-Vapor Interface Dynamics in Spray Cooling SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-NOZZLE ARRAYS; BOILING HEAT-TRANSFER; LEVEL SET METHOD; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; HORIZONTAL SURFACE; BUBBLE MERGER; SINGLE-NOZZLE; PART II; COMPUTATIONS; GROWTH AB Spray cooling is away of efficiently removing the heat from a hot surface and is considered for high-power systems such as advanced lasers. The heat transfer phenomenon in spray cooling is complex in nature because it occurs due to conduction, convection, and phase change. A brief review of the modeling of spray cooling is presented here. In the present work, the effect of thermal-boundary-layer thickness on liquid-vapor-interface dynamics and its influence on heat transfer in spray cooling is investigated through multiphase-flow modeling. The multiphase-flow modeling is done using the level-set method to identify the liquid-vapor interface. Some modifications to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations to consider surface tension, viscosity, gravity, and phase change are discussed. The governing equations are solved using the finite difference method. Here, the droplet impact on a growing vapor bubble in a 44-mu m-thick liquid film is taken as a benchmark problem to represent the spray cooling. The computed liquid-vapor-interface and temperature distributions are also visualized for better understanding of heat removal. In this study, the high-heat-transfer mechanism in spray cooling is explained with systematic illustrations. C1 [Selvam, R. Panneer] Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Computat Mech Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Ponnappan, Rengasamy] USAF, Res Lab, Power Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Selvam, RP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Computat Mech Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RI selvam, Rathinam/H-7849-2013 FU Propulsion Directorate's Power Division; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-02-D-2299]; Office of Naval Research; University of Arkansas FX The first three authors acknowledge the support received from the Propulsion Directorate's Power Division, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, through the Universal Technology Corporation research grant F33615-02-D-2299 and the Office of Naval Research "Defense Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research" grant through the University of Arkansas to perform this work and the encouragement provided by J. Balda, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD APR-JUN PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 356 EP 370 DI 10.2514/1.34982 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 434JT UT WOS:000265271700014 ER PT J AU Rodriquez, D Branson, RD Dorlac, CW Dorlac, CG Barnes, MSA Johannigman, CJA AF Rodriquez, Dario, Jr. Branson, Richard D. Dorlac, Colonel Warren Dorlac, Colonel Gina Barnes, Major Stephen A. Johannigman, Colonel Jay A. TI Effects of Simulated Altitude on Ventilator Performance SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL VENTILATION; MODERATE ALTITUDE; CARE AB Background. Aeromedical transport of critically ill casualties requires continued safe operation of medical equipment at altitude. We evaluated performance of two ventilators in an altitude chamber. Methods. Two ventilators used by the United States Air Force (USAF) Critical Care Air Transport Teams were operated in an altitude chamber at barometric pressures of 754 turn Hg, 657 turn Hg, 563 rum Hg, and 428 rum Hg simulating altitudes of sea level, 4,000, 8,000, and 15,000 feet. At each altitude ventilators were set to deliver three tidal volumes (V(T)) from 0.25 L to 1.0 L. Airway pres sures, timing, flow, and volumes were measured every breath. Measured parameters included V(T) positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), inspiratory time, expiratory time, inspiratory flow, peak inspiratory pressure, expiratory flow, and respiratory rate. Results. The Impact 754 compensated for changes in altitude maintaining the set V(T) within 10% of the sea level V(T). Tidal volume delivery of the 754 was less precise during operation of the compressor at an inspired oxygen concentration of 0.21. With each increase in altitude, the LTV V(T) increased. At 8,000 feet V(T) increased by 10% and at 15,000 feet V(T) increased by 30% (p<0.001). Respiratory rate was not affected by altitude with either device. Conclusions. The Impact 754 compensates ventilator output to deliver the desired tidal volume regardless of changes in altitude and barometric pressure. The LTV-1000 does not compensate for changes in altitude resulting in delivery of increasing tidal volumes with failing barometric pressure. Clinicians should be aware of ventilator performance and ventilator limitations to provide safe and effective ventilation during transport. C1 [Branson, Richard D.; Johannigman, Colonel Jay A.] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Div Trauma Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45255 USA. [Rodriquez, Dario, Jr.; Dorlac, Colonel Warren; Dorlac, Colonel Gina; Barnes, Major Stephen A.] USAF, CSTARS, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Branson, RD (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Div Trauma Crit Care, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45255 USA. EM richard.branson@uc.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD APR PY 2009 VL 66 IS 4 BP S172 EP S177 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31819cdbd1 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 431OW UT WOS:000265073100027 PM 19359962 ER PT J AU Barringer, MD Thole, KA Polanka, MD Clark, JP Koch, PJ AF Barringer, M. D. Thole, K. A. Polanka, M. D. Clark, J. P. Koch, P. J. TI Migration of Combustor Exit Profiles Through High Pressure Turbine Vanes SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE blades; combustion; engines; gas turbines; stagnation flow; turbulence ID NAVIER-STOKES SIMULATIONS; ROTOR-STATOR INTERACTION AB The high pressure turbine stage within gas turbine engines is exposed to combustor exit flows that are nonuniform in both stagnation pressure and temperature. These highly turbulent flows typically enter the first stage vanes with significant spatial gradients near the inner and outer diameter endwalls. These gradients can result in secondary flow development within the vane passage that is different than what classical secondary flow models predict. The heat transfer between the working fluid and the turbine vane surface and endwalls is directly related to the secondary flows. The goal of the current study was to examine the migration of different inlet radial temperature and pressure profiles through the high turbine vane of a modern turbine engine. The tests were performed using an inlet profile generator located in the Turbine Research Facility at the Air Force Research Laboratory. Comparisons of area-averaged radial exit profiles are reported as well as profiles at three vane pitch locations to document the circumferential variation in the profiles. The results show that the shape of the total pressure profile near the endwalls at the inlet of the vane can alter the redistribution of stagnation enthalpy through the airfoil passage significantly. Total pressure loss and exit flow angle variations are also examined for the different inlet profiles. C1 [Barringer, M. D.; Thole, K. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Polanka, M. D.; Clark, J. P.; Koch, P. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Turbines Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barringer, MD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI thole, karen/0000-0003-0795-8724 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2009 VL 131 IS 2 AR 021010 DI 10.1115/1.2950076 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 403WM UT WOS:000263112700010 ER PT J AU Barringer, MD Thole, KA Polanka, MD AF Barringer, M. D. Thole, K. A. Polanka, M. D. TI An Experimental Study of Combustor Exit Profile Shapes on Endwall Heat Transfer in High Pressure Turbine Vanes SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE aerospace components; aerospace engines; aerospace propulsion; blades; combustion; combustion equipment; convection; gas turbines AB The design and development of current and future gas turbine engines for aircraft propulsion have focused on operating the high pressure turbine at increasingly elevated temperatures and pressures. The drive toward thermal operating conditions near theoretical stoichiometric limits as well as increasingly stringent requirements on reducing harmful emissions both equate to the temperature profiles exiting combustors and entering turbines becoming less peaked than in the past. This drive has placed emphasis on determining how different types of inlet temperature and pressure profiles affect the first stage airfoil endwalls. The goal of the current study was to investigate how different radial profiles of temperature and pressure affect the heat transfer along the vane endwall in a high pressure turbine. Testing was performed in the Turbine Research Facility located at the Air Force Research Laboratory using an inlet profile generator. Results indicate that the convection heat transfer coefficients are influenced by both the inlet pressure profile shape and the location along the endwall. The heat transfer driving temperature for inlet profiles that are nonuniform in temperature is also discussed. C1 [Barringer, M. D.; Thole, K. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Polanka, M. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Turbines Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barringer, MD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI thole, karen/0000-0003-0795-8724 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2009 VL 131 IS 2 AR 021009 DI 10.1115/1.2950072 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 403WM UT WOS:000263112700009 ER PT J AU Barringer, MD Thole, KA Polanka, MD AF Barringer, M. D. Thole, K. A. Polanka, M. D. TI Effects of Combustor Exit Profiles on Vane Aerodynamic Loading and Heat Transfer in a High Pressure Turbine SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article CT 51st ASME Turbo Expo 2006 CY MAY 06-11, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Int Gas Turbine Inst DE aerodynamics; aerospace engines; blades; chemically reactive flow; combustion; combustion equipment; gas turbines; heat transfer AB The flow and thermal fields exiting gas turbine combustors dictate the overall performance of the downstream turbine. The goal of this work was to investigate the effects of engine representative combustor exit profiles on high pressure turbine vane aerodynamics and heat transfer. The various profiles were produced using a nonreacting turbine inlet profile generator in the Turbine Research Facility (TRF) located at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). This paper reports how the pressure loading and heat transfer along the vane surface was affected by different turbine inlet pressure and temperature profiles at different span locations. The results indicate that the inlet total pressure profiles affected the aerodynamic loading by as much as 10%. The results also reveal that the combination of different total pressure and total temperature profiles significantly affected the vane heat transfer relative to a baseline test with uniform inlet total pressure and total temperature. Near the inner diameter endwall, the baseline heat transfer was reduced 30-40% over the majority of the vane surface. Near the outer dimeter endwall, it was found that certain inlet profiles could increase the baseline heat transfer by 10-20%, while other profiles resulted in a decrease in the baseline heat transfer by 25-35%. This study also shows the importance of knowing an accurate prediction of the local flow driving temperature when determining vane surface heat transfer. C1 [Barringer, M. D.; Thole, K. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Polanka, M. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Turbines Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barringer, MD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI thole, karen/0000-0003-0795-8724 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD APR PY 2009 VL 131 IS 2 AR 021008 DI 10.1115/1.2950051 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 403WM UT WOS:000263112700008 ER PT J AU Meisenkothen, F Wheeler, R Uchic, MD Kerns, RD Scheltens, FJ AF Meisenkothen, Frederick Wheeler, Robert Uchic, Michael D. Kerns, Robert D. Scheltens, Frank J. TI Electron Channeling: A Problem for X-Ray Microanalysis in Materials Science SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE channeling; EPMA; electron probe microanalysis; X-ray microanalysis; WDS; EDS; anomalous transmission; anomalous absorption; overvoltage ID METAL FOILS; CRYSTALS; PATTERNS; MICROSCOPE AB Electron channeling effects can create measurable signal intensity variations in all product signals that result from the scattering of the electron beam within a crystalline specimen. Of particular interest to the X-ray microanalyst are any variations that occur within the characteristic X-ray signal that are not directly related to a specimen composition variation. Many Studies have documented the effect of crystallographic orientation on the local X-ray yield; however, the vast majority Of these Studies were carried out on thin foil specimens examined in transmission. Only a few studies have addressed these effects in bulk specimen materials, and these analyses were generally carried out at common scanning electron microscope microanalysis overvoltages (> 1.5). At these overvoltage levels, the anomalous transmission effect is weak. As a result, the effect of electron channeling on the characteristic X-ray signal intensity has traditionally been overlooked in the field of quantitative electron probe microanalysis. The present work will demonstrate that electron channeling can produce X-ray variations of up to 26%, between intensity maxima and minima, in low overvoltage X-ray microanalyses of bulk specimens. Intensity variations of this magnitude will significantly impact the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative X-ray microanalyses at low overvoltage on engineering structural materials. C1 [Meisenkothen, Frederick; Wheeler, Robert; Kerns, Robert D.; Scheltens, Frank J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat Characterizat Facil, UES Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Uchic, Michael D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Met Dev Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meisenkothen, F (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Characterizat Facil, UES Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM frederick.meisenkothen@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL [F33615-03-C-5206] FX The authors would like to extend their appreciation to Harnish Fraser of the Ohio State University, Krishnarnurthy Mahalingarn of AFRL/RXPSO, the teaching staff of the Lehigh Microscopy School "Quantitative X-ray Microanalysis" course, and the members of the East Coast Cameca EPMA Users Group for helpful discussions relating to this work. Thanks are also due to Lawrence Matson of AFRL/RXLN and David Mahaffeyof AFRL/RXLMP for providing the specimen materials that were used in this study and to Robert Lewis and Kevin Shiveley of the AFRL/MCF for the specimen preparations that made this work possible. The authors would also like to thank Michel Outrequin and Pierre Monsallut of Cameca and Alan Randall of Carl Zeiss for their help in dletermining the convergence angles used in the X-ray analyses. Jared Shank, of UES, Inc., was also helpful in editing this article. The work contained in this document was funded under AFRL contract # F33615-03-C-5206. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1017/S1431927609090242 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 428PS UT WOS:000264861800001 PM 19284889 ER PT J AU Battle-Siatita, SO Bartoloni, JA Hancock, RH Chong, CH AF Battle-Siatita, Shelrethia O. Bartoloni, Joseph A. Hancock, Raymond H. Chong, Chol H. TI Retrospective Analysis of Dental Implants Among United States Air Force Basic Military Trainees SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RADIOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION; 5-YEAR SURVIVAL; QUALITY; SYSTEMS; TRIALS AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental implants among the Air Force basic military trainees and to radiographically identify the type of dental implant systems. Methods: All digital panoramic radiographic images acquired from Oct 1, 2006 through July 31, 2007 of newly recruited Air Force trainees were evaluated for evidence of dental implants. The following data were collected: total number of implants per radiograph, gender and age of subjects, implant location, type of implant retention method, and restorative implant status. The implants identified were categorized as Nobel Biocare/3i type or non-Nobel Biocare/3i type. Results: A total of 47 radiographs were identified with 63 dental implants being detected out of 26,293 panoramic radiographs surveyed. Of the 63 identified dental implants, 34 were Nobel Biocare/3i type and 29 were non-Nobel Biocare/3i type. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental implants among Air Force basic military trainees was 0.24% with 54% of the implants being identified as Nobel Biocare/3i type. RP Battle-Siatita, SO (reprint author), 1601 Calif St, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2009 VL 174 IS 4 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601LB UT WOS:000278059600020 PM 19485117 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Bartsch, CM Grote, JG Naik, RR Brott, LL Stone, M Campbell, A AF Subramanyam, Guru Bartsch, Carrie M. Grote, James G. Naik, Rajesh R. Brott, Lawrence L. Stone, Morley Campbell, Angela TI EFFECT OF EXTERNAL ELECTRICAL STIMULI ON DNA-BASED BIOPOLYMERS SO NANO LA English DT Article DE DNA-based biopolymers; dielectric properties; electrical transport in biopolymers; electric force microscopy ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; CHARGE; FILMS; MODEL AB Biopolymers, such as deoxyribonucleic acid-hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DNA-CTMA) and bovine serum albumin-polyvinyl alcohol (BSA-PVA), were studied using a novel capacitive test structure. A variety of external electrical stimuli were applied, including a low frequency alternating current signal and a rf/microwave frequency signal combined with a DC bias. The dynamic responses of the DNA-based biopolymer to the external stimuli are presented in this paper. The electrical transport measurements support the space-charge-limited conduction and the low frequency capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements showed large depletion layer capacitance at the Au-biopolymer interface, at 20 Hz, and the capacitance approaching bulk values at 1 MHz. Electric force microscopy (EFM) was utilized for visualization of charge dynamics and to examine the effect of DC bias combined with an AC signal. Ionic charges in the DNA-CTMA system seem to be responsible for the dynamic response to the various external electrical stimuli. C1 [Subramanyam, Guru; Bartsch, Carrie M.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Grote, James G.; Naik, Rajesh R.; Brott, Lawrence L.; Stone, Morley; Campbell, Angela] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM guru.subramanyam@notes.udayton.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Defense Sciences Office (DARPA, DSO); United States Air Force Research Laboratory; DAGSI FX This research was funded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Defense Sciences Office (DARPA, DSO), and the United States Air Force Research Laboratory. Authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr. Gerry Landis, University of Dayton Research Institute, for the electrode depositions. C. Bartsch acknowledges support through DAGSI Fellowship. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 1793-2920 EI 1793-7094 J9 NANO JI Nano PD APR PY 2009 VL 4 IS 2 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1142/S179329200900154X PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 476ND UT WOS:000268448400002 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, L AF Perlovsky, Leonid TI Language and cognition SO NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Goal-Directed Neural Systems CY OCT, 2006 CL Arlington, TX SP Int Neural Network Soc, Texas SIG, Metroplex Inst Neural Dynam, Univ Texas DE Language; Cognition; Emotions; Knowledge instinct; Dynamic logic; Mind; Heterarchy; Hierarchy ID NEURAL DYNAMICS; CONSCIOUSNESS; RECOGNITION; SYSTEM; MUSIC AB What is the role of language in cognition? Do we think with words, or do we use words to communicate made-up decisions? The paper briefly reviews ideas in this area since 1950s. Then we discuss mechanisms of cognition, recent neuroscience experiments, and corresponding mathematical models. These models are interpreted in terms of a biological drive for cognition. Based on the Grossberg-Levine theory of drives and emotions, we identify specific emotions associated with the need for cognition. We demonstrate an engineering application of the developed technique, which significantly improves detection of patterns in noise over the previous state-of-the-art. The developed mathematical models are extended toward language. Then we consider possible brain-mind mechanisms of interaction between language and cognition. A mathematical analysis imposes restrictions on possible mechanisms. The proposed model resolves some long-standing language-cognition issues: how the mind learns correct associations between words and objects among an astronomical number of possible associations; why kids can talk about almost everything, but cannot act like adults, what exactly are the brain-mind differences; why animals do not talk and think like people. Recent brain imaging experiments indicate support for the proposed model. We discuss future theoretical and experimental research. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid] Harvard Univ, SEAS, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] Sensors Directorate, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Perlovsky, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, SEAS, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM leonid@deas.harvard.edu NR 49 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-6080 EI 1879-2782 J9 NEURAL NETWORKS JI Neural Netw. PD APR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 3 SI SI BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.neunet.2009.03.007 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 458EX UT WOS:000266998900007 PM 19419838 ER PT J AU Wang, BS Mies, E Minden, M Sanchez, A AF Wang, Baishi Mies, Eric Minden, Monica Sanchez, Anthony TI All-fiber 50 W coherently combined passive laser array SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We experimentally demonstrate 50 W of spontaneously phase-locked two-laser array in an all-fiber and all-passive configuration using large-mode-area (LMA) polarization-maintaining fiber laser cavities and an LMA fiber coupler. We show that both laser cavity length difference and fiber nonlinearity play an important role in achieving efficient and stable coherent beam combining. In addition, we compare the difference in coherent combining efficiency by using fibers with different mode-field diameters and discuss the underlying phase-locking mechanism and its power scalability. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Baishi; Mies, Eric] Vytran LLC, Morganville, NJ 07751 USA. [Sanchez, Anthony] USAF, Res Lab, RDLO, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wang, BS (reprint author), Vytran LLC, 1400 Campus Dr, Morganville, NJ 07751 USA. EM bwang@vytran.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX We acknowledge financial support from Air Force Research Laboratory. We also thank Jeff Rogers of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) for helpful discussions and Michael Harju for providing the LMA coupler. NR 14 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 7 BP 863 EP 865 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 436QI UT WOS:000265429100001 PM 19340152 ER PT J AU Horlbeck, D Boston, LCM Balough, B Sierra, B Saenz, G Heinichen, J Duckworth, L AF Horlbeck, Drew Boston, Lt Col Mark Balough, Ben Sierra, Ben Saenz, Guillermo Heinichen, Julio Duckworth, Laurie TI Humanitarian otologic missions: Long-term surgical results SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID PEDIATRIC TYMPANOPLASTY; MASTOIDECTOMY AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of treating chronic ear disease by performing it single surgical intervention in the austere environment of a developing nation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were collected from retrospective chart reviews on 12 1 patients who underwent Surgical treatment of chronic ear disease during,, humanitarian surgical missions in South and Central America. Surgical outcomes and clinical course were assessed at 10 to 12 months after the initial surgery. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients were included in the Study. Follow-up records were available for 75 patients (64%). A total of 20 surgeries were performed for dry perforations (group 1), 30 for chronically draining cars (group 2). and 25 for cholesteatomas (group 3). Surgical success was determined as 60 percent, 74 percent, and 92 percent for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical results during international otologic outreach missions to developing nations fall within the results expected in developed nations. C1 [Horlbeck, Drew; Duckworth, Laurie] Nemours Childrens Clin, Div Otolaryngol, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. [Boston, Lt Col Mark; Sierra, Ben] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Balough, Ben] Balboa Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Heinichen, Julio] Hosp Militar Asunc, Asuncion, Paraguay. RP Horlbeck, D (reprint author), Nemours Childrens Clin, Div Otolaryngol, Jacksonville, FL 32207 USA. EM dhorlbec@nemours.org NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD APR PY 2009 VL 140 IS 4 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.12.033 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 425FP UT WOS:000264622700020 PM 19328347 ER PT J AU Brewer, NH Bridges, MA AF Brewer, Nathan H. Bridges, Matthew A. TI Chondroid syringoma of the nasal soft tissue triangle SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA C1 [Bridges, Matthew A.] Langley AFB Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Langley AFB, VA USA. [Brewer, Nathan H.] Langley AFB Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Bridges, MA (reprint author), 109 Phanturn Ln, Bellaire, TX 77401 USA. EM doctorbridges@gmail.com NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD APR PY 2009 VL 140 IS 4 BP 606 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.12.030 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 425FP UT WOS:000264622700030 PM 19328357 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Lyo, SK Gumbs, G AF Huang, Danhong Lyo, S. K. Gumbs, Godfrey TI Bloch oscillation, dynamical localization, and optical probing of electron gases in quantum-dot superlattices in high electric fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann equation; electron gas; electron-phonon interactions; quantum dots; SCF calculations; superlattices ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL CONDUCTIVITY; TUNNELING PLASMON EXCITATIONS; SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES; COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; HGTE/CDTE SUPERLATTICES; NONLINEAR TRANSPORT; MINIBAND; EMISSION; BAND; APPROXIMATION AB In this paper, we present numerical results for steady-state and time-dependent currents as well as for a long-time average current in strong nonlinear dc and ac electric fields for an electron gas in a one-dimensional (1D) quantum-dot superlattice. A microscopic model is employed for the scattering of electrons by phonons and static impurities by means of the Boltzmann equation method. The dc results are favorably compared with recent exact analytic results based on a relaxation-time model for electron-phonon scattering. Our results demonstrate the different roles played by elastic and inelastic scattering on the damped Bloch oscillations as well as the nonlinear steady-state current and their opposite roles on the damped dynamical localization. We also find a suppression of dynamical localization by strong Bloch oscillations and features in the Esaki-Tsu peaks in the presence of an ac electric field when electron scattering is included. On the basis of a nonequilibrium electron distribution obtained from the Boltzmann equation, a self-consistent-field approach is employed to establish a general formalism for the optical response of current-driven electrons in both the linear and nonlinear regimes to a 1D quantum-dot superlattice. The dc-field dependences of both the peak energy and peak strength in the absorption spectrum for a 1D quantum-dot superlattice are calculated, from which we find: (1) both the peak energy and its strength are significantly reduced with increasing dc electric field; and (2) the peak energy and peak strength are anomalously enhanced by raising the temperature for the nonlinear transport of electrons when a strong dc electric field is applied. C1 [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Lyo, S. K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 58 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 15 AR 155308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.155308 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 443XN UT WOS:000265944200073 ER PT J AU Pollak, RD Palazotto, AN AF Pollak, Randall D. Palazotto, Anthony N. TI A comparison of maximum likelihood models for fatigue strength characterization in materials exhibiting a fatigue limit SO PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE High cycle fatigue; Maximum likelihood estimation; Titanium alloys; Probabilistic fatigue ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; CURVES AB In this study, various probabilistic models were considered to support fatigue strength design guidance in the ultra high-cycle regime (beyond 108 Cycles), with particular application to Ti-6Al-4V, a titanium alloy common to aerospace applications. The random fatigue limit model of Pascual and Meeker and two proposed simplified models (bilinear and hyperbolic) used maximum likelihood estimation techniques to fit probabilistic stress-life curves to experimental data. The bilinear and hyperbolic models provided a good fit to large-sample experimental data for dual-phase Ti-6Al-4V and were then applied to a small-sample data set for a beta annealed variant of this alloy, providing an initial probabilistic estimate of beta annealed Ti-6Al-4V fatigue strength in the gigacycle regime. The bilinear and hyperbolic models are recommended for use in estimating probabilistic fatigue strength parameters in support of very high-cycle design criteria for metals with clearly defined fatigue limits and fairly constant scatter in fatigue strength. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Pollak, Randall D.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pollak, RD (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Space Syst Acad Grp, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM rdpollak@nps.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio FX This research was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. The authors thank Dr. Ted Nicholas for his technical guidance and Dr. Ryan Morrissey for experimental data, More exhaustive analysis is provided by Pollak [15]. The opinions, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Air Force. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8920 J9 PROBABILIST ENG MECH JI Probab. Eng. Eng. Mech. PD APR PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 236 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.probengmech.2008.06.006 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics GA 411LZ UT WOS:000263652400013 ER PT J AU Bryan, CJ Corso, KA Neal-Walden, TA Rudd, MD AF Bryan, Craig J. Corso, Kent A. Neal-Walden, Tracy A. Rudd, M. David TI Managing Suicide Risk in Primary Care: Practice Recommendations for Behavioral Health Consultants SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE behavioral health consultation; suicide; integrated primary care; collaborative care ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DEPRESSION TREATMENT; IDEATION; SCALE; ANTIDEPRESSANTS; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN AB Psychologists working in primary care clinics can have a significant positive impact on preventing suicide. For psychologists working within the behavioral health consultant (BHC) model in primary care, however, the issue of how to appropriately manage suicide risk within this model has yet to be adequately addressed. Given the time-limited and focused nature of the BHC model, it is important to establish a framework for psychologists to provide adequate care that is practical within this model of health care. This article offers 26 empirically supported recommendations for suicide screening, accurate and time-efficient risk assessment, and effective risk management strategies, as well as suggestions for consultation with primary care physicians, all of which are consistent with the BHC model. C1 [Bryan, Craig J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Primary Care Psychol Serv, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Corso, Kent A.] Eglin Hosp, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Neal-Walden, Tracy A.] USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Rudd, M. David] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Psychol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), Kelly Family Med Clin, 204 Paul Wagner Dr, San Antonio, TX 78241 USA. EM craig.bryan@us.af.mil OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD APR PY 2009 VL 40 IS 2 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1037/a0011141 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 433ZV UT WOS:000265245900006 ER PT J AU Fagan, D Taylor, S Schult, F Anderson, D AF Fagan, Deborah K. Taylor, Steven R. Schult, Frederick R. Anderson, Dale N. TI Using Ancillary Information to Improve Hypocenter Estimation: Bayesian Single Event Location (BSEL) SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Seismic event location; Bayesian methods; maximum likelihood ID MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; REGIONS; TIMES AB We have developed and tested an algorithm, Bayesian Single Event Location (BSEL), for estimating the location of a seismic event. The main driver for our research is the inadequate representation of ancillary information in the hypocenter estimation procedure. The added benefit is that we have also addressed instability issues often encountered with historical NLR solvers (e.g., non-convergence or seismically infeasible results). BSEL differs from established nonlinear regression techniques by using a Bayesian prior probability density function (prior PDF) to incorporate ancillary physical basis constraints about event location. P-wave arrival times from seismic events are used in the development. Depth, a focus of this paper, may be modeled with a prior PDF (potentially skewed) that captures physical basis bounds from surface wave observations. This PDF is constructed from a Rayleigh wave depth excitation eigenfunction that is based on the observed minimum period from a spectrogram analysis and estimated near-source elastic parameters. For example, if the surface wave is an Rg phase, it potentially provides a strong constraint for depth, which has important implications for remote monitoring of nuclear explosions. The proposed Bayesian algorithm is illustrated with events that demonstrate its congruity with established hypocenter estimation methods and its application potential. The BSEL method is applied to three events: 1) A shallow Mw 4 earthquake that occurred near Bardwell, KY on June 6, 2003, 2) the Mw 5.6 earthquake of July 26, 2005 that occurred near Dillon, MT, and 3) a deep Mw 5.7 earthquake that occurred off the coast of Japan on April 22, 1980. A strong Rg was observed from the Bardwell, KY earthquake that places very strong constraints on depth and origin time. No Rg was observed for the Dillon, MT earthquake, but we used the minimum observed period of a Rayleigh wave (7 seconds) to reduce the depth and origin time uncertainty. Because the Japan event was deep, there is no observed surface wave energy. We utilize the prior generated from the Dillon, MT event to show that even in the case when a prior is inappropriately applied, high quality data will overcome its influence and result in a reasonable hypocenter estimate. C1 [Fagan, Deborah K.; Anderson, Dale N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Taylor, Steven R.] Rocky Mt Geophys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Schult, Frederick R.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Anderson, Dale N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fagan, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dfagan@pnl.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD APR PY 2009 VL 166 IS 4 BP 521 EP 545 DI 10.1007/s00024-004-0464-6 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 446TH UT WOS:000266143600001 ER PT J AU Cherukuri, B Srinivasan, R Tamirisakandala, S Miracle, DB AF Cherukuri, B. Srinivasan, R. Tamirisakandala, S. Miracle, D. B. TI The influence of trace boron addition on grain growth kinetics of the beta phase in the beta titanium alloy Ti-15Mo-2.6Nb-3Al 0.2Si SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Beta21S; Titanium alloy; Grain growth; Zener pinning; Activation energy ID ZENER DRAG; MICROSTRUCTURE; TI-6AL-4V AB Trace boron additions to the P titanium alloy Ti-15Mo-2.6Nb-3Al-0.2Si (wt.%) lead to significant grain refinement of the ascast microstructure and precipitation of TiB whiskers along the grain boundaries. The TiB is very effective in restricting the P grain boundary mobility by Zener pinning. A model is developed to predict the maximum grain size as a function of TiB size, orientation and volume fraction. Good agreement between model predictions and experimental results was obtained. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cherukuri, B.; Srinivasan, R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Tamirisakandala, S.] FMW Composite Syst Inc, Bridgeport, WV 26330 USA. [Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM raghavan.srinivasan@wright.edu NR 21 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2009 VL 60 IS 7 BP 496 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.11.040 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 411BE UT WOS:000263621800006 ER PT J AU Spearot, DE Tschopp, MA McDowell, DL AF Spearot, D. E. Tschopp, M. A. McDowell, D. L. TI Orientation and rate dependence of dislocation nucleation stress computed using molecular dynamics SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Molecular dynamics; Dislocation theory; Plastic deformation; Theoretical shear strength ID STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; THEORETICAL STRENGTH; BICRYSTAL INTERFACES; SHEAR-STRENGTH; COPPER; DEFORMATION; SIMULATIONS; ALUMINUM; METALS; LIMIT AB Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate orientation and rate dependence of partial dislocation nucleation in Cu. As the strain rate is reduced from 10(9) to 1(0)7 s(-1), the tensile stress required for homogeneous dislocation nucleation is reduced by at most 5%. Furthermore, mild orientation sensitivity is observed in the rate dependence of the critical tensile stress. The computed resolved shear stress for partial dislocation nucleation is consistent with previous ab initio calculations of the theoretical shear strength of Cu. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Spearot, D. E.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Mech Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Tschopp, M. A.] USAF, Res Lab, RXLMN, UTC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McDowell, D. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McDowell, D. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, GW Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Spearot, DE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Mech Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM dspearot@uark.edu RI Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 FU National Science Foundation [072265] FX D.L.M. is grateful for the support of the Carter N. Paden Jr. Distinguished Chair in Metals Processing. MD simulations were performed on "Star of Arkansas" provided in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant MRI #072265. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR PY 2009 VL 60 IS 8 BP 675 EP 678 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.12.037 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 422MQ UT WOS:000264432800020 ER PT J AU Clarson, SJ Steinitz-Kannan, M Patwardhan, SV Kannan, R Hartig, R Schloesser, L Hamilton, DW Fusaro, JKA Beltz, R AF Clarson, Stephen J. Steinitz-Kannan, Miriam Patwardhan, Siddharth V. Kannan, Ramamurthi Hartig, Ryan Schloesser, Louis Hamilton, Douglas W. Fusaro, Jeffrey K. A. Beltz, Ryan TI Some Observations of Diatoms Under Turbulence SO SILICON LA English DT Article DE Diatoms; Biosilica; Silica; Turbulence; Natural selection AB The effect of turbulence on several freshwater diatom taxa was investigated and our findings are described herein. We have compared diatom morphology in shallow natural systems that experience turbulence due to wind and in river/waterfall systems where turbulence is due to high flow rates. We have also introduced turbulence into diatom laboratory cultures by mechanical shaking and by forcing air into the media. In particular, we have studied diatoms in five independent environments or cultures: the freshwater diatoms Tabellaria and Eunotia in equatorial lakes experiencing extreme seasonal variability in depth; two freshwater diatom monocultures of Aulacoseira granulata var angustissima and Melosira varians in the laboratory; and a freshwater diatom community possessing equal amounts (by number) of elongated and non-elongated diatoms (mostly Nitzschia and mostly Cyclotella, respectively) in the laboratory. We have demonstrated the effect of turbulence on freshwater diatom frustule morphologies and, perhaps more importantly, the effect of turbulence on freshwater diatom species population after controlled perturbation of the organisms' environment. It has been widely reported that symmetry is often preferred in biological evolution, however here we have observed a preference towards asymmetry for the survival of diatoms in the presence of environmental stress (in particular, turbulence). We also note that to date there have been no systematic attempts to manipulate diatom frustules using external stimuli. We therefore present a proof-of-concept study in order to demonstrate: (i) that diatom morphologies can be manipulated by controlled simple external triggers (chemical and physical) (ii) that population balance (i. e. natural selection) can be controlled via simple external triggers (chemical and physical). This approach could open up an entire new field of future studies wherein controlled environmental perturbations are used to manipulate the structure, form, growth and reproduction of biological species. C1 [Clarson, Stephen J.; Beltz, Ryan] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Steinitz-Kannan, Miriam; Hartig, Ryan; Schloesser, Louis; Hamilton, Douglas W.] No Kentucky Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Highland Hts, KY 41099 USA. [Patwardhan, Siddharth V.] Nottingham Trent Univ, Sch Biomed & Nat Sci, Nottingham NG11 8NS, England. [Kannan, Ramamurthi] AFRL, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Fusaro, Jeffrey K. A.] AGC Automot Amer, Hebron, KY 41048 USA. RP Clarson, SJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Stephen.Clarson@UC.Edu FU Northern Kentucky University; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to acknowledge the excellent studies of microscopic algal remains in the paleoecological reconstructions of climate change in tropical America by Melanie Ann Riedinger as described in her Doctoral Dissertation at The Ohio State University (1993). This quite remarkable research remains largely unpublished. R. H., L. S. and D. H. thank Frank Platek for help with the SEM work for their undergraduate research projects. D. H. was funded by a Greaves Undergraduate Summer Fellowship from Northern Kentucky University. The collections of diatoms in Ecuadorian lakes including Cuyabeno and Huarmicocha were funded by The National Science Foundation, with grants to Paul Colinvaux and M. Steinitz Kannan. We thank Paul Colinvaux, Paulo De Oliveira, Mike Miller, Mark Bush and Eduardo Asanza for field assistance. For laboratory work on the diatoms of Ecuador we acknowledge the help of Mark Nienaber, Tim Sharon and Vicki Martin Kier. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-990X J9 SILICON-NETH JI Silicon PD APR PY 2009 VL 1 IS 2 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s12633-009-9018-y PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA V25PK UT WOS:000208489700003 ER PT J AU Bryan, CJ Steiner-Pappalardo, N Rudd, MD AF Bryan, Craig J. Steiner-Pappalardo, Nicole Rudd, M. David TI Exposure to a Mnemonic Interferes with Recall of Suicide Warning Signs in a Community-Based Suicide Prevention Program SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID IMPACT; TEENAGERS; RISK AB The incremental impact of adding a mnemonic to remember suicide warning signs to the Air Force Suicide Prevention Program (AFSPP) community awareness briefing was investigated with a sample of young, junior-enlisted airmen. Participants in the standard briefing significantly increased their ability to list suicide warning signs and improved consistency with an expert consensus list, whereas participants in the standard briefing plus mnemonic demonstrated no learning. Both groups demonstrated positive changes in beliefs about suicide. Results suggest that inclusion of the mnemonic in the AFSPP briefing interfered with participants' ability to learn suicide warning signs, and that increased confidence in the perceived ability to recognize suicide risk is not related to actual ability to accurately recall warning signs. C1 [Bryan, Craig J.; Steiner-Pappalardo, Nicole] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Rudd, M. David] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), USAF, BSC, Kelly Family Med Clin, 59 MHS SGOJC,204 Paul Wagner Dr, San Antonio, TX 78241 USA. EM craig.bryan@us.af.mil OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD APR PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 194 EP 203 PG 10 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 457OK UT WOS:000266941100009 PM 19527160 ER PT J AU Brillson, LJ Mosbacker, HL Doutt, DL Dong, Y Fang, ZQ Look, DC Cantwell, G Zhang, J Song, JJ AF Brillson, L. J. Mosbacker, H. L. Doutt, D. L. Dong, Y. Fang, Z. -Q. Look, D. C. Cantwell, G. Zhang, J. Song, J. J. TI Nanoscale depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy of ZnO surfaces and metal interfaces SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Beam Injection Assessment of Microstructure in Semiconductors CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2008-2009 CL Toledo, SPAIN DE Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy; ZnO; Defects; Surface; Interface; Scanning electron microscope; Atomic force microscopy; Kelvin probe force microscopy ID ATOMIC DIFFUSION; DEFECTS; MORPHOLOGY; STATES AB The electronic properties of ZnO surfaces and interfaces has until recently been relatively unexplored. We have used a complement of ultrahigh vacuum scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based, depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (DRCLS), temperature-dependent charge transport, trap spectroscopy, and surface science techniques to probe the electronic and chemical properties of clean surfaces and interfaces on a nanometer scale. DRCLS reveals remarkable nanoscale correlations of native point defect distributions with surface and sub-surface defects calibrated with capacitance trap spectroscopies, atomic force microscopy, and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The measurement of these near-surface states associated with native point defects in the ZnO bulk and those induced by interface chemical bonding is a powerful extension of cathodoluminescence spectroscopy that provides a guide to understanding and controlling ZnO electronic contacts. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brillson, L. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brillson, L. J.; Mosbacker, H. L.; Doutt, D. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brillson, L. J.; Dong, Y.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Fang, Z. -Q.; Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Fang, Z. -Q.; Look, D. C.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cantwell, G.; Zhang, J.; Song, J. J.] ZN Technol Inc, Brea, CA 92821 USA. RP Brillson, LJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 205 Dreese Lab,2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM brillson.1@osu.edu NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD APR-MAY PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4-5 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2008.11.008 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 438GR UT WOS:000265544400011 ER PT J AU Martinez, O Avella, M Angulo, H Jimenez, J Lynch, C Bhss, D AF Martinez, O. Avella, M. Angulo, H. Jimenez, J. Lynch, C. Bhss, D. TI Properties of orientation-patterned GaAs crystals studied by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Beam Injection Assessment of Microstructure in Semiconductors CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2008-2009 CL Toledo, SPAIN DE Orientation-patterned crystals; GaAs; Cathodoluminescence ID DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION AB Orientation-patterned GaAs crystals fabricated by periodically reversing the crystal orientation of the GaAs domains have been studied by cathodoluminescence. The main properties concerning the differences between the two domain orientations, < 001 >/< 00 (1) over bar >, and the walls between the domains have been studied. The CL study reveals that the domain walls are decorated with defects, and the antibonds, As-As and Ga-Ga, are partially inhibited by other point defects. The local strain around the domain walls was mapped, showing non-uniform distribution, probably related to the distribution of point defects around the domain walls. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Martinez, O.; Avella, M.; Angulo, H.; Jimenez, J.] Parque Cientifico Univ Valladolid, Optronlab Grp, Ctr I D, Valladolid 47011, Spain. [Lynch, C.; Bhss, D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Martinez, O (reprint author), Parque Cientifico Univ Valladolid, Optronlab Grp, Ctr I D, Paseo Belen 1, Valladolid 47011, Spain. EM oscar@fmc.uva.es RI Martinez, Oscar/M-1441-2014; Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 OI Martinez, Oscar/0000-0002-2283-0350; NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD APR-MAY PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4-5 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.spmi.2008.11.011 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 438GR UT WOS:000265544400030 ER PT J AU Hussain, SM Schlager, JJ AF Hussain, Saber M. Schlager, John J. TI Safety Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles: Inhalation Model for Chronic Exposure SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; CELLS; TOXICITY; GENERATION C1 [Hussain, Saber M.; Schlager, John J.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Appl Biotechnol Branch, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2009 VL 108 IS 2 BP 223 EP 224 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp032 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 428ZT UT WOS:000264891300001 PM 19237550 ER PT J AU Propper, B Zonies, D Smith, D Rasmussen, TE AF Propper, Brandon Zonies, David Smith, David Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Autogenous Arterial and Venous Reconstruction for Femoral Vein Leiomyosarcoma-A Case Report SO VASCULAR AND ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article DE leiomyosarcoma; venous tumor; femoral reconstruction; groin sepsis ID VASCULAR RECONSTRUCTION; SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; SURGERY AB This report describes the removal of a large, symptomatic leiyomyosarcoma arising from the proximal femoral vein necessitating removal of the femoral venous and arterial circulations. Reconstruction was accomplished with autologous vein and initial coverage with ipsilateral rectus abdominus flap. Persistent, early postoperative lymphatic leak and groin sepsis secondary to staph aureus was managed with reoperation and coverage with contralateral rectus abdominus muscle flap. Negative pressure dressing device was used as a wound management adjunct and splint thickness skin graft providing final successful coverage. Two years following the operation the patient was without evidence of disease, had a patent vascular reconstruction and a well healed groin. Femoral vein leiyomyosarcoma is a rare vascular tumor, which is especially challenging to manage in the proximal location. Successful outcome is predicated on revascularization with autologous vein and on a multidisciplinary approach using various Soft tissue coverage strategies and wound management adjuncts. C1 [Propper, Brandon] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Smith, David] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Smith, David] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, San Antonio Mil Vasc Surg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Zonies, David] Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Propper, B (reprint author), 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM propper@uthscsa.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1538-5744 J9 VASC ENDOVASC SURG JI Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. PD APR-MAY PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1177/1538574408328167 PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 437QR UT WOS:000265502500016 PM 19131374 ER PT J AU Dea, JR Giraldo, FX Neta, B AF Dea, John R. Giraldo, Francis X. Neta, Beny TI High-order non-reflecting boundary conditions for the linearized 2-D Euler equations: No mean flow case SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article DE Non-reflecting boundary conditions; Euler equations; Finite differences; Absorbing boundary conditions ID PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER; SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; DISPERSIVE WAVES; ELASTIC-WAVES; SYSTEMS AB Higdon-type non-reflecting boundary conditions (NRBCs) are developed for the 2-D linearized Euler equations with Coriolis forces. This implementation is applied to a simplified form of the equations, with the NRBCs applied to all four sides of the domain. We demonstrate the validity of the NRBCs to high order. We close with a list of areas for further research. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Giraldo, Francis X.; Neta, Beny] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Dea, John R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Neta, B (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Appl Math, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM byneta@gmail.com RI Neta, Beny/B-1737-2009 FU Naval Postgraduate School FX The authors would like to express their appreciation to the Naval Postgraduate School for its support of this research. The first author is also indebted to the Air Force Institute of Technology for its support. Finally, the authors thank the reviewers for their helpful suggestions and comments. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 EI 1878-433X J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD APR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 3 BP 210 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2008.11.002 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 437DB UT WOS:000265465300005 ER PT J AU Fiorino, ST Bartell, RJ Krizo, MJ Fedyk, DJ Moore, KP Harris, TR Cusumano, SJ Richmond, R Gebhardt, MJ AF Fiorino, Steven T. Bartell, Richard J. Krizo, Matthew J. Fedyk, Daniel J. Moore, Kenneth P. Harris, Thomas R. Cusumano, Salvatore J. Richmond, Richard Gebhardt, Matthew J. TI Worldwide assessments of laser radar tactical scenario performance variability for diverse low altitude atmospheric conditions at 1.0642 mu m and 1.557 mu m SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE LADAR; cloud free line of sight; atmospheric path extinction; rain rate; fog ID AEROSOLS AB Spatial, spectral and temporal variations in operating conditions are major contributors to the expected variability/uncertainty in system performance. The ratio of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based on climatological data to a standard atmosphere is the primary performance metric used, with results presented in the form of histograms and maps of worldwide LADAR performance variation. This metric is assessed at 2 wavelengths, 1.0642 mu m and 1.557 mu m, for a number of widely dispersed land and maritime locations worldwide over oblique and vertical air to surface paths in which anticipated clear air aerosols and location specific heavy rain and 150 m thick fog occur. Seasonal, boundary layer, and time of day variations for a range of relative humidity percentiles are also considered. In addition to realistic vertical profiles of molecular and aerosol extinction, air-to-ground cloud free line of sight (CFLOS) probabilities as a function of location for this geometry are computed. Observations from the current study strongly indicate that use of the standard atmosphere to predict performance will produce overly optimistic, in many cases extremely so, estimates of expected performance. Locally heavy rain, when present, severely limits LADAR system performance at these wavelengths. Some operational capability exists for vertical looks through fog. C1 [Fiorino, Steven T.; Bartell, Richard J.; Krizo, Matthew J.; Fedyk, Daniel J.; Moore, Kenneth P.; Harris, Thomas R.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Richmond, Richard; Gebhardt, Matthew J.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorino, ST (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.fiorino@afit.edu; richard.richmond@wpafb.af.mil FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico FX The authors recognize the outstanding support of the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense or the U. S. Government. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD MAR 31 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033521 DI 10.1117/1.3122349 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520SW UT WOS:000271869500001 ER PT J AU Meredith, NP Horne, RB Glauert, SA Baker, DN Kanekal, SG Albert, JM AF Meredith, Nigel P. Horne, Richard B. Glauert, Sarah A. Baker, Daniel N. Kanekal, Shrikanth G. Albert, Jay M. TI Relativistic electron loss timescales in the slot region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; EARTHS INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMASPHERIC HISS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; EQUATORIAL NOISE; SCATTERING LOSS; MAGNETIC STORM; SOLAR AB Recent observations show that the decay rate of relativistic electrons measured at low altitudes in the slot region at L = 2 is an order of magnitude shorter than theoretical estimates based on CRRES wave data. Here we compare the decay rates of 2-6 MeV electrons measured at low altitudes by the SAMPEX spacecraft with those derived from CRRES wave observations. We show that pitch angle scattering by plasmaspheric hiss (0.1 < f < 2 kHz) is the dominant process responsible for electron loss in the outer slot region (2.4 < L < 3.0), but hiss alone cannot account for the observed loss timescales at lower L. Although SAMPEX samples small equatorial pitch angles (alpha(eq) approximate to 18 degrees), this is not the dominant reason for the different timescales. We find that the decay of 2-6 MeV electrons measured by SAMPEX in the inner slot region (2.0 < L < 2.4) is most likely due to the combined effects of hiss and guided whistlers propagating with small wave normal angles. Unguided whistlers have little or no effect on the loss timescales. Magnetosonic waves may be as important as guided whistlers for electron loss under active conditions. Guided whistlers and fast magnetosonic waves increase the diffusion rates in a "bottleneck region'' near alpha(eq) = 75 degrees, enabling electrons with larger pitch angles to diffuse into the loss cone more effectively and hence the entire distribution function decays more rapidly. Even though the power of guided whistlers and magnetosonic waves may be two orders of magnitude less than hiss, they play a very important role in electron loss in the inner slot region. C1 [Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B.; Glauert, Sarah A.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Baker, Daniel N.; Kanekal, Shrikanth G.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Albert, Jay M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Meredith, NP (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM nmer@bas.ac.uk; r.horne@bas.ac.uk; sagl@bas.ac.uk; daniel.baker@lasp.colorado.edu; shrikanth.kanekal@lasp.colorado.edu; jay.albert@hanscom.af.mil OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630; Meredith, Nigel/0000-0001-5032-3463 FU Natural Environment Research Council FX We would like to thank Roger R. Anderson for providing the wave data, Rosie Eade for helping with the analysis, and the NSSDC Omniweb for providing the geomagnetic indices. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council. NR 61 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 31 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A03222 DI 10.1029/2008JA013889 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 428QZ UT WOS:000264865400004 ER PT J AU Roadcap, JR Tracy, P AF Roadcap, John R. Tracy, Paul TI A preliminary comparison of daylit and night C-n(2) profiles measured by thermosonde SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE; ATMOSPHERE; SPECTRUM AB The refractive index structure constant C-n(2) is needed to characterize optical wave propagation in a refractive turbulent scattering medium. A limited number of in situ measurements of C-n(2) made during day and night conditions from the surface to 10 km above sea level are compared in three different atmospheric boundary layer environments: dry convective, moist convective, and marine inversion. C-n(2) on average appears to be higher through the convective boundary layer depth during the day compared to night for the same air mass type and location but is generally lower than night values within the stable marine inversion layer. Calculations of path scintillation effects for slant paths in the lower atmosphere at near-infrared wavelengths are also compared for day and night conditions associated with the different air mass types. C1 [Roadcap, John R.; Tracy, Paul] Hanscom AFB, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Roadcap, JR (reprint author), Hanscom AFB, AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM arfl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD MAR 28 PY 2009 VL 44 AR RS2011 DI 10.1029/2008RS003921 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 426DL UT WOS:000264688000002 ER PT J AU Shostakovich-Koretskaya, L Catano, G Chykarenko, ZA He, W Gornalusse, G Mummidi, S Sanchez, R Dolan, MJ Ahuja, SS Clark, RA Kulkarni, H Ahuja, SK AF Shostakovich-Koretskaya, Ludmila Catano, Gabriel Chykarenko, Zoya A. He, Weijing Gornalusse, German Mummidi, Srinivas Sanchez, Racquel Dolan, Matthew J. Ahuja, Seema S. Clark, Robert A. Kulkarni, Hemant Ahuja, Sunil K. TI Combinatorial content of CCL3L and CCL4L gene copy numbers influence HIV-AIDS susceptibility in Ukrainian children SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; CCL3L; CCL4L; HIV; transmission ID NON-ALLELIC VARIANT; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; ANTI-HIV-1 ACTIVITY; CHEMOKINE GENES; HUMAN GENOME; VIRAL ENTRY; INFECTION; CCR5; TRANSMISSION AB Objective: CCL3L and CCL4L genes encode HIV-suppressive chemokines, colocalize on chromosome 17q12 and have copy number variation. Copy number variation of CCL3L associates with HIV-AIDS susceptibility. Here, we determined the influence of the combinatorial content of distinct CCL3L and CCL4L genes on HIV-AIDS susceptibility. Methods: By designing gene-specific assays, the association between closes of all CCL3L or CCL4L genes or their individual duplicated components (CCL3La/b and CCL4La/b) with HIV-AIDS susceptibility was determined in 298 perinatally exposed Ukrainian children. Results: The odds of transmission was increased in children with less than two copies of CCL3L or CCL4L, compared with those with at least two copies, and 10-fold higher when both mother and offspring had less than two CCL3L or CCL4L copies, compared with mother-child pairs with at least two copies. The extent of the pair-wise correlations between CCL3La, CCL3Lb, CCL4La and CCL4Lb copy number varied extensively, with an inverse correlation between CCL4L genes that transcribe a classical chemokine (CCL4La) versus aberrantly-spliced transcripts (CCL4Lb). Children possessing only CCL4Lb progressed four times faster to AIDS than those with only CCL4La. A lower content of CCL3L and CCL4L genes that transcribe classical chemokines was associated with enhanced HIV-AIDS susceptibility. Conclusion: Transmission risk is greatest when mother and offspring both have low CCL3L or CCL4L gene doses. The impact on HIV-AIDS susceptibility of the chemokine gene-rich locus on 17q12 is dependent on the balance between the doses of genes conferring protective (CCL3La and CCL4La) versus detrimental (CCL4Lb) effects. Hence, the combinatorial genomic content of distinct genes within a copy number variable region may determine disease susceptibility. (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Vet Adm HIV AIDS Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Shostakovich-Koretskaya, Ludmila; Chykarenko, Zoya A.] Dnepropetrovsk State Med Acad, Dept Gen Pediat & Pediat Infect Dis, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine. [Catano, Gabriel; He, Weijing; Gornalusse, German; Mummidi, Srinivas; Sanchez, Racquel; Ahuja, Seema S.; Clark, Robert A.; Kulkarni, Hemant; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Vet Adm Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect 1, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Catano, Gabriel; He, Weijing; Gornalusse, German; Mummidi, Srinivas; Sanchez, Racquel; Ahuja, Seema S.; Clark, Robert A.; Kulkarni, Hemant; Ahuja, Sunil K.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Dolan, Matthew J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, SAMMC, Infect Dis Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Dolan, Matthew J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Ahuja, SK (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Vet Adm HIV AIDS Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM ahujas@uthscsa.edu RI Mummidi, Srinivas/C-1004-2008 OI Mummidi, Srinivas/0000-0002-4068-6380 FU U.S. Civilian Research and Development (CRDF) [UKB2-2705-DP-05]; NIH [R37046326]; Elizabeth Glaser Scientist Award; Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Scientist Award FX Supported by award no. UKB2-2705-DP-05 of the U.S. Civilian Research and Development (CRDF) to L.S.K. and S.K.A., the Veterans Administration Center on AIDS and HIV infection at the South Texas Veterans Healthcare System and a MERIT award (R37046326) from the NIH to S.K.A. This work was also supported by a Elizabeth Glaser Scientist Award and Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Scientist Award in Translational Research to S.K.A. NR 41 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 27 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 6 BP 679 EP 688 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283270b3f PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 429VT UT WOS:000264948900005 PM 19279442 ER PT J AU Liu, NY Pasko, VP Adams, K Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC McHarg, MG AF Liu, N. Y. Pasko, V. P. Adams, K. Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. McHarg, M. G. TI Comparison of acceleration, expansion, and brightness of sprite streamers obtained from modeling and high-speed video observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE STREAMERS; AIR; PHOTOIONIZATION; DISCHARGES; IDENTIFICATION; MECHANISM; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; ELVES AB We compare sprite streamer modeling results with high-speed video recordings of sprites made with 50-mu s temporal resolution. Both the modeling results and the sprite videos show that sprite streamers propagate with acceleration and expansion during the initial stage of sprite development. The acceleration computed from the modeling for the applied electric fields close to the conventional breakdown threshold field is on the order of (0.5-1) x 10(10) ms(-2) and is in good agreement with the peak values observed experimentally. We further discuss the effects of different spatial and temporal resolutions of an observational system on the visual appearances of sprite streamers. It is found that the large variation in brightness of sprites estimated from several observational studies can be directly attributed to different temporal and spatial resolutions of used instruments. Mainly due to the increasing radius of the streamer head of an accelerating streamer, the brightness of the streamer head increases as well. The comparison results demonstrate that the brightness of a sprite streamer head increases exponentially with time and can span more than 4 orders of magnitude in a very short period of about 1 ms. We propose a method for remote sensing of the sprite-driving electric field in the mesospheric and lower ionospheric region by measuring the rate of the change of the brightness. C1 [Liu, N. Y.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Geospace Phys Lab, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [McHarg, M. G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pasko, V. P.; Adams, K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Commun & Space Sci Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Liu, NY (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Geospace Phys Lab, 348 Olin Phys Sci Bldg, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM nliu@fit.edu; vpasko@psu.edu; kla193@psu.edu; hnielsen@gi.alaska.edu; matthew.mcharg@usafa.edu RI Pasko, Victor/S-6024-2016 FU NSF [0725360, ATM 073408, ATM 07376053, ATM 0334521] FX This research was supported by the Physics and Space Sciences Department of Florida Institute of Technology and by NSF grants ATM 0725360 and ATM 0734083 to Penn State University, NSF grant ATM 0737605 to University of Alaska Fairbanks, and NSF grant ATM 0334521 to US Air Force Academy. NR 39 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 26 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A00E03 DI 10.1029/2008JA013720 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 426DD UT WOS:000264687100006 ER PT J AU Dodd, JA Castle, KJ AF Dodd, James A. Castle, Karen J. TI Measurements of CO2(nu 2) - O vibrational energy transfer: Implications for the upper atmospheric energy budget SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dodd, James A.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBYM, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Castle, Karen J.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Chem, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. EM James.Dodd@hanscom.af.mil; kcastle@bucknell.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 107-ANYL BP 325 EP 325 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800300 ER PT J AU Chushak, Y Stone, MO AF Chushak, Yaroslav Stone, Morley O. TI In silico selection of RNA aptamers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chushak, Yaroslav] USA, Med Res & Mat Command, HPC Software Applicat Inst 1Biotechnol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Stone, Morley O.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM schushak@bioanalysis.org; morley.stone@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 91-BIOL BP 431 EP 431 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800385 ER PT J AU Harbaugh, SV East, CD Davidson, ME Chavez, JL Narayanan, L Kelley-Loughnane, N Stone, MO AF Harbaugh, Svetlana V. East, Carter D. Davidson, Molly E. Chavez, Jorge L. Narayanan, Latha Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Stone, Morley O. TI Use of layer-by-layer assembly to preserve cellular riboswitch function SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Harbaugh, Svetlana V.; East, Carter D.; Davidson, Molly E.; Chavez, Jorge L.; Narayanan, Latha; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Stone, Morley O.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectivness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM svetlana.harbaugh@wpafb.af.mil; carter.east@wpafb.af.mil; molly.davidson@wpafb.af.mil; Jorge.ChavezBenavides.ctr.PER@wpafb.af.mil; latha.narayanan@wpafb.af.mil; kelley-loughnane@wpafb.af.mil; morley.stone@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 64-BIOL BP 466 EP 466 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800420 ER PT J AU Dillon, E Crouse, CA Craven, C Barron, AR AF Dillon, Eoghan Crouse, Christopher A. Craven, Colm Barron, Andrew R. TI PEI-SWNTs: Small molecule capture and release SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dillon, Eoghan; Craven, Colm; Barron, Andrew R.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Crouse, Christopher A.] USAF, NRC Postdoctoral Associate, AFRL RXLMD, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eoghan.dillon@gmail.com; christopher.crouse@wpafb.af.mil; colmcraven@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 113-BIOL BP 524 EP 524 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857800478 ER PT J AU Bai, ZWA Taylor, BE Juhl, S Drummy, LF Durstock, M Dang, T AF Bai, Zongwu Taylor, Barney E. Juhl, Shane Drummy, Lawrence F. Durstock, Michael Thuy Dang TI Synthesis and characterization of flexible fluorinated multiblock SPTES-based copolymers as proton exchange membranes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bai, Zongwu] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Adv Polymers Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Taylor, Barney E.] UTC, AFRL Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. [Juhl, Shane; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Durstock, Michael; Thuy Dang] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL MLBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM zongwu.bai@wpafb.af.mil; barney.taylor@afrl.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 89-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807565 ER PT J AU Brandstetter, SS Drummy, LF Tchoul, M Fillery, S Horwath, JC Schweickart, DL Durstock, M Vaia, RA AF Brandstetter, Stephen S. Drummy, Lawrence F. Tchoul, Maxim Fillery, Scott Horwath, John C. Schweickart, Daniel L. Durstock, Michael Vaia, Richard A. TI Dielectric strength and corona endurance of polymers and nanocomposites with in-plane lamellar nanostructure SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brandstetter, Stephen S.; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Tchoul, Maxim; Fillery, Scott; Horwath, John C.; Schweickart, Daniel L.; Durstock, Michael; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 75-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807138 ER PT J AU Chavez, JL Lyon, W Kelley-Loughnane, N Stone, MO AF Chavez, Jorge L. Lyon, Wanda Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Stone, Morley O. TI Small molecule detection by 2-part and 3-part nonoparticle-based sensor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chavez, Jorge L.; Lyon, Wanda; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Stone, Morley O.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jorge.ChavezBenavides.ctr.PER@wpafb.af.mil; Wanda.Lyon@wpafb.af.mil; Nancy.Kelley-Loughnane@wpafb.af.mil; morley.stone@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 112-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803142 ER PT J AU Chen, CG Brown, J Tolle, TB AF Chen, Chenggang Brown, Janis Tolle, Tia Benson TI Silica/bismaleimide hybrid nanocomposite SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chen, Chenggang] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Brown, Janis; Tolle, Tia Benson] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 195-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807180 ER PT J AU Choi, HJ Jeon, IY Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Choi, Hyun-Jung Jeon, In-Yup Tan, Loon Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Thiol-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube/gold nanoparticle composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Choi, Hyun-Jung; Jeon, In-Yup] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. [Tan, Loon Seng] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baek, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Sch Energy Engn, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. EM hjchoi@chungbuk.ac.kr; inyup@chungbuk.ac.kr; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@unist.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 273-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807683 ER PT J AU Crouse, CA Barron, AR AF Crouse, Christopher A. Barron, Andrew R. TI Reagent control over the size, uniformity, and composition of Co-Fe-O nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crouse, Christopher A.] USAF, NRC Postdoctoral Associate, AFRL RXLMD, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Barron, Andrew R.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM christopher.crouse@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 647-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857805048 ER PT J AU Crouse, CA Johnson, SL Boock, JJ Lindsay, CM Jordan, JL Spowart, JE AF Crouse, Christopher A. Johnson, Stephanie L. Boock, Jared J. Lindsay, C. Michael Jordan, Jenifer L. Spowart, Jonathan E. TI Nanoaluminum based polymeric composites for energetic applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crouse, Christopher A.] USAF, NRC Postdoctoral Associate, AFRL RXLMD, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Johnson, Stephanie L.] USAF, NRC Postdoctoral Associate, AFRL RWMER, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Jordan, Jenifer L.] USAF, AFRL RWMED, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM christopher.crouse@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 382-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857805049 ER PT J AU DaBronzo, CL Haverhals, LM Schlessman, J De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF DaBronzo, Courtney L. Haverhals, Luke M. Schlessman, Jamie De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Study of green fluorescence protein in ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [DaBronzo, Courtney L.; Haverhals, Luke M.; Schlessman, Jamie; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM m091578@usna.edu; haverhal@usna.edu; schlessm@usna.edu; trulove@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 416-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857801088 ER PT J AU Dalton, MJ Kaman, R Jakubiak, R Haley, JE Buquoi, JQ AF Dalton, Matthew J. Kaman, Ramamurthi Jakubiak, Rachel Haley, Joy E. Buquoi, John Q. TI Synthesis and characterization of novel aromatic imide polymer and copolymers containing diphenylaminofluorene-benzothiazole as two-photon chromophoric units SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dalton, Matthew J.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Kaman, Ramamurthi] AT&T Govt Solut Inc, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. [Jakubiak, Rachel] USAF, AFRL RXPJ, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haley, Joy E.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Buquoi, John Q.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.dalton@wpafb.af.mil; Ramamurthi.Kannan@wpafb.af.mil; Joy.Haley@wpafb.af.mil; jqbiii@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 289-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807464 ER PT J AU Dang, TD Bai, ZW Venkatasubramanian, N Morgan, AB Shumaker, JA Houtz, MD AF Dang, Thuy D. Bai, Zongwu Venkatasubramanian, N. Morgan, Alexander B. Shumaker, Joseph A. Houtz, Marlene D. TI New flame-resistant rigid-rod random copolymers with flexibilizing structural units SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dang, Thuy D.] USAF, AFRL RXBN, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bai, Zongwu; Venkatasubramanian, N.; Morgan, Alexander B.; Shumaker, Joseph A.; Houtz, Marlene D.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Adv Polymers Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil; zongwu.bai@wpafb.af.mil; narayanan.venkat@wpafb.af.mil; joseph.shumaker@wpafb.af.mil; marlene.houtz@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 382-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807571 ER PT J AU Deng, WJ Lobovsky, A Iacono, ST Hoffman, WP Smith, DW AF Deng, Wenjin Lobovsky, Alexander Iacono, Scott T. Hoffman, Wesley P. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. TI Thermally crosslinkable poly (acrylonitrile-co-1-vinylimidazole) as melt processable carbon fiber precursor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE Carbon fiber precursor; Melt spinning; Crosslink; Gel fraction C1 [Deng, Wenjin] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Adv Mat Res Lab, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. [Lobovsky, Alexander] Adv Fiber Engn, Adv Fiber Technol, Westfield, NJ 07090 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, COMSET, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hoffman, Wesley P.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM wdeng@clemson.edu; alobovsky@afiber.com; siacono@clemson.edu; dwsmith@clemson.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 380-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807737 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Wright, ME Fallis, S Cambrea, LR Cash, J Yandek, GR Petteys, BJ AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Wright, Michael E. Fallis, Stephen Cambrea, Lee R. Cash, Jessica Yandek, Gregory R. Petteys, Brian J. TI Kinetics of crosslinking and chromophore degradation in polyimide-based high performance electro-optical materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Wright, Michael E.; Fallis, Stephen; Cambrea, Lee R.; Cash, Jessica; Petteys, Brian J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Yandek, Gregory R.] USAF, AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@navy.mil; stephen.fallis@navy.mil; lee.cambrea@navy.mil; jessica.cash@navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 355-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807463 ER PT J AU Haley, JE Monahan, JL Krein, DM Slagle, JE McLean, DG Cooper, TM AF Haley, Joy E. Monahan, Jennifer L. Krein, Douglas M. Slagle, Jonathan E. McLean, Daniel G. Cooper, Thomas M. TI Linear and nonlinear optical properties of platinum containing two-photon absorbing chromophores SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Haley, Joy E.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Monahan, Jennifer L.] SOCHE Student Res Program, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Krein, Douglas M.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Slagle, Jonathan E.] AT&T Govt Solut, Dayton, OH 45324 USA. [McLean, Daniel G.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. [Cooper, Thomas M.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Joy.Haley@wpafb.af.mil; Jennifer.Monahan@wpafb.af.mil; Douglas.Krein@wpafb.af.mil; Jonathan.Slagle@wpafb.af.mil; Daniel.McLean@wpafb.af.mil; Thomas.Cooper@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 50-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857805436 ER PT J AU Isaacs, TA Page, EC Haverhals, LM Reichert, WM De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Isaacs, Thelissa A. Page, Eric C. Haverhals, Luke M. Reichert, W. Matthew De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Preparation and reconstitution of mixed biopolymer nanocomposites from ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Isaacs, Thelissa A.; Page, Eric C.; Haverhals, Luke M.; Reichert, W. Matthew; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Directorate Chem & Life Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM m093162@usna.edu; m085082@usna.edu; haverhal@usna.edu; reichert@usna.edu; trulove@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 84-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857801703 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Boatz, JA DeJoseph, CA Garscadden, A AF Jiao, C. Q. Boatz, J. A. DeJoseph, C. A., Jr. Garscadden, A. TI Mechanisms of reactions of C4H4+ with pyridine SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jiao, C. Q.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Boatz, J. A.; DeJoseph, C. A., Jr.; Garscadden, A.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM Jerry.Boatz@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 106-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803593 ER PT J AU Kang, JY Eo, SM Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Kang, Ji-Ye Eo, Soo-Mi Tan, Loon Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Functionalization of 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid onto the surface of carbon nanotube in polyphosphoric acid/phosphorus pentoxide medium SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kang, Ji-Ye; Eo, Soo-Mi] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. [Tan, Loon Seng] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baek, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Sch Energy Engn, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. EM jykang@chungbuk.ac.kr; smeo@chungbuk.ac.kr; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@unist.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 301-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807684 ER PT J AU Kang, SW Jeon, IY Tan, LS Back, JB AF Kang, Sang-Wook Jeon, In Yup Tan, Loon Seng Back, Jong-Beom TI Doping of polyaniline by carboxylic acid- and sulfonic acid - terminated poly(ether-ketone) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kang, Sang-Wook; Jeon, In Yup] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. [Tan, Loon Seng] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Back, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Sch Energy Engn, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. EM swkang@chungbuk.ac.kr; inyup@chungbuk.ac.kr; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@unist.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 117-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807699 ER PT J AU Lim, JK Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Lim, Jong-Kwan Tan, Loon Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Purification of carbon nanopowders and diamond nanopowders in polyphosphoric acid/phosphorous pentoxide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lim, Jong-Kwan] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. [Tan, Loon Seng] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baek, Jong-Beom] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Energy Engn, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. EM jklim@chungbuk.ac.kr; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@unist.ac.kr NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 118-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807654 ER PT J AU Mandia, JJ Reichert, WM Trulove, PC DeLong, H AF Mandia, Jeremy J. Reichert, W. Matthew Trulove, Paul C. DeLong, Hugh TI Hydrolysis of cellulose utilizing ionic liquid based technology SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mandia, Jeremy J.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21412 USA. [Reichert, W. Matthew; Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [DeLong, Hugh] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM m094014@usna.edu; reichert@usna.edu; trulove@usna.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 66-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857801702 ER PT J AU McGrath, LM Weber, SA Yandek, GR Mabry, JM AF McGrath, Laura M. Weber, Sarah A. Yandek, Gregory R. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) substituents on the rheological behavior in butyl methacrylate/POSS copolymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [McGrath, Laura M.] ERC Inc, AFRL RZSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93505 USA. [Weber, Sarah A.; Yandek, Gregory R.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, AFRL RZSM, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93505 USA. EM laura.mcGrath.ctr@edwards.af.mil; joseph.mabry@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 407-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807315 ER PT J AU Mileham, ML Park, CD Van de Burgt, B Kramer, MP Stiegman, AE AF Mileham, Melissa L. Park, Chi Dong Van de Burgt, Bert Kramer, Michael P. Stiegman, A. E. TI Photothermal initiation of hybrid organic/inorganic metastable interstitial composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mileham, Melissa L.; Park, Chi Dong; Van de Burgt, Bert; Stiegman, A. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Kramer, Michael P.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM vandeburgt@mailer.sb.fsu.edu; stiegman@chem.fsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 354-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803080 ER PT J AU Mohanty, DK Yonkey, M Crouse, CA Zhang, ZB AF Mohanty, Dillip K. Yonkey, Matthew Crouse, Christopher A. Zhang, Zhong-Biao TI ORGN 146-Cross-linking of aromatic poly (thioether)s SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mohanty, Dillip K.; Yonkey, Matthew] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Crouse, Christopher A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhang, Zhong-Biao] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Macromol & Interfaces Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Zhong-Biao] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM mohan1dk@cmich.edu; yonks311@hotmail.com; christopher.crouse@wpafb.af.mil; zhang6@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 146-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857806429 ER PT J AU Orbaek, A Crouse, CA Barron, AR AF Orbaek, Alvin Crouse, Christopher A. Barron, Andrew R. TI Catalysis in SWNT growth SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Orbaek, Alvin; Barron, Andrew R.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Crouse, Christopher A.] USAF, Res Lab, NRC Postdoctoral Associate, AFRL RXLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM aok@rice.edu; christopher.crouse@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 409-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857805197 ER PT J AU Park, K Jespersen, ML Slocik, J Naik, RR Vaia, RA AF Park, Kyoungweon Jespersen, Michael L. Slocik, Joseph Naik, Rajesh R. Vaia, Richard A. TI Synthetic methodology for architecturally complex nanorods to optimize the heterostructure for optical and catalytic performance SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Park, Kyoungweon; Jespersen, Michael L.; Slocik, Joseph; Naik, Rajesh R.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kyoungweon.park.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 380-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803361 ER PT J AU Rosander, MS Schneider, S Hawkins, TW AF Rosander, Michael Scott Schneider, Stefan Hawkins, Tommy W. TI Ionic liquids as "green" replacements for hydrazines in bipropellant rocket application SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hawkins, Tommy W.] USAF, AFRL PRSP, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Rosander, Michael Scott; Schneider, Stefan] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM michael.rosander.ctr@edwards.af.mil; stefan.schneider.ctr@edwards.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 79-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803677 ER PT J AU Timko, MT Miake-Lye, RC Ciccolini, RP Mock, M Tester, JW Minus, D AF Timko, Michael T. Miake-Lye, Richard C. Ciccolini, Rocco P. Mock, Michael Tester, Jefferson W. Minus, Donald TI Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of jet fuel for fuel cell applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Timko, Michael T.; Miake-Lye, Richard C.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerothermodynam, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Ciccolini, Rocco P.; Mock, Michael; Tester, Jefferson W.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Minus, Donald] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL PRTG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timko@aerodyne.com; testere1@mit.edu; Donald.Minus@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 57-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803756 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, S. Pachter, R. TI Mechanism of hydrogen production by [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenase in DdH and CpI: A QM/MM study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Trohalaki, S.; Pachter, R.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Steven.Trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 244-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857805258 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Sellinger, AT Koerner, H Ounaies, Z Krishnamoorti, R AF Vaia, Richard A. Sellinger, Aaron T. Koerner, Hilmar Ounaies, Zoubedia Krishnamoorti, Ramanan TI Local electric field distribution in electromechanical polymer nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vaia, Richard A.; Sellinger, Aaron T.; Koerner, Hilmar] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ounaies, Zoubedia] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Krishnamoorti, Ramanan] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil; ramanan@uh.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 187-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807603 ER PT J AU Vaia, RA Jespersen, M Elsen, A Kelley, J Slocik, J Patton, S Naik, RR Mirau, P Voevodin, A AF Vaia, Richard A. Jespersen, Michael Elsen, Andrea Kelley, John Slocik, Joseph Patton, Steve Naik, Rajesh R. Mirau, Peter Voevodin, Andrey TI Conductive nanoparticle liquids: Regenerative surfaces for relays and MEMs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vaia, Richard A.; Jespersen, Michael; Elsen, Andrea; Kelley, John; Slocik, Joseph; Patton, Steve; Naik, Rajesh R.; Mirau, Peter; Voevodin, Andrey] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 56-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857803287 ER PT J AU Venkatasubramanian, N Bai, ZW Stricker, JT Dang, TD AF Venkatasubramanian, N. Bai, Zongwu Stricker, Jeffery T. Dang, Thuy D. TI Designing high performance polymer dielectrics for wide-temperature power electronics applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Venkatasubramanian, N.; Bai, Zongwu] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Adv Polymers Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Stricker, Jeffery T.] USAF, AFRL RZPE, Elect Technol & Plasma Phys Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dang, Thuy D.] USAF, AFRL RXBN, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM narayanan.venkat@wpafb.af.mil; zongwu.bai@wpafb.af.mil; jeffery.stricker2@wpafb.af.mil; thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 409-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807333 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Buquoi, JQ Vaia, RA Price, GE Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Buquoi, John Q. Vaia, Richard A. Price, Gary E. Tan, Loon Seng TI Preparation of CP2 polyimide nanocomposite films containing pristine and amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, David H.; Price, Gary E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Buquoi, John Q.; Vaia, Richard A.; Tan, Loon Seng] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; jqbiii@hotmail.com; richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 303-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807556 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Sihn, S Baek, JB Roy, A Buquoi, JQ AF Wang, David H. Sihn, Sangwook Baek, Jong-Beom Roy, Ajit Buquoi, John Q. TI Vapor grown carbon nanofibers and epoxy nanocomposites: functionalization, preparation and characterization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, David H.; Sihn, Sangwook] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Baek, Jong-Beom] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Chem Engn, Ulsan 681800, South Korea. [Roy, Ajit; Buquoi, John Q.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBNC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; Sangwook.Sihn@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@unist.ac.kr; Ajit.Roy@wpafb.af.mil; jqbiii@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 306-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807541 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Rao, R Kannan, R Maruyama, B Buquoi, JQ AF Wang, David H. Rao, Rahul Kannan, Ramamurthi Maruyama, Benji Buquoi, John Q. TI Monitoring degree of imidization via fluorescence quench of an embedded two-photon-absorbing chromophore by an aromatic polyimide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, David H.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Rao, Rahul] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Kannan, Ramamurthi] AT&T Govt Solut Inc, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. [Buquoi, John Q.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.wang@wpafb.af.mil; Ramamurthi.Kannan@wpafb.af.mil; jqbiii@hotmail.com RI Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 285-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807539 ER PT J AU White, TJ Natarajan, LV Bricker, RL Li, Q Tabiryan, NV Bunning, TJ AF White, Timothy J. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Bricker, Rebecca L. Li, Quan Tabiryan, Nelson V. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Impact of helical structure retention in phototunable polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bricker, Rebecca L.] USAF, Res Lab, SOCHE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Tabiryan, Nelson V.] BEAM Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil; Lalgudi.Natarajan@wpafb.af.mil; quan@lci.kent.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 22 PY 2009 VL 237 MA 341-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16GJ UT WOS:000207857807687 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB Harrowell, P AF Miracle, D. B. Harrowell, Peter TI Noncrystalline compact packings of hard spheres of two sizes: Bipyramids and the geometry of common neighbors SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE amorphous state; density ID MIXTURES; CLUSTERS; LIQUIDS; MODEL AB Insight into the efficient filling of space in systems of binary spheres is explored using bipyramids consisting of 3 <= n <= 8 tetrahedra sharing a common pair of spheres. Compact packings are sought in bipyramids consisting of larger hard spheres of unit radius and smaller hard spheres of radius 0.001 <= R <= 1. Seventy-seven distinct compact bipyramids are found. The number of distinct compact bipyramids increases with the number n of constituent tetrahedra. No compact bipyramids are found for R >= 0.9473 and for 0.8493 >= R >= 0.7434. A topological instability eliminates compact packings for R <= 0.1547. Pentagonal bipyramids cover a larger range in R than any other compact bipyramids studied. C1 [Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. [Harrowell, Peter] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. EM daniel.miracle@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX D. B. M. is grateful to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding sabbatical leave at the University of Cambridge and to the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for a leave of absence during this research. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 11 AR 114505 DI 10.1063/1.3082008 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 421TE UT WOS:000264380400021 PM 19317543 ER PT J AU Trionfi, A Wang, DH Jacobs, JD Tan, LS Vaia, RA Hsu, JWP AF Trionfi, A. Wang, D. H. Jacobs, J. D. Tan, L. -S. Vaia, R. A. Hsu, J. W. P. TI Direct Measurement of the Percolation Probability in Carbon Nanofiber-Polyimide Nanocomposites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONUNIVERSAL BEHAVIOR; CONTINUUM-SYSTEMS; CONDUCTIVITY; COMPOSITES; THRESHOLD; CLUSTER AB We present the first experimental measurement of the geometric critical exponent beta associated with the percolation probability, the probability a metallic filler belongs to the conducting network, of an electrical composite. The technique employs conducting-tip atomic force microscopy to obtain a conducting areal density, and is demonstrated on polyimide nanocomposites containing different concentrations of carbon nanofibers. We find beta approximate to 1 and t (the exponent for bulk conductivity) approximate to 3. These values are consistent with the predictions for the Bethe lattice and larger than the values predicted in the 3D lattice percolation model. Hence, this electrical composite likely belongs to the same universality class as the Bethe lattice. The ability to measure geometric and transport critical exponents on the same material is critical to drawing this conclusion. C1 [Trionfi, A.; Hsu, J. W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wang, D. H.; Jacobs, J. D.; Tan, L. -S.; Vaia, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Trionfi, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM trionfia@mailaps.org; jwhsu@sandia.gov RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We would like to thank D. Schaefer, G. Beaucage, K. Lyo, and R. Fleming for useful discussion. This work was performed in part at the U. S. Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, at Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed- Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 11 AR 116601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.116601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 421TC UT WOS:000264380200050 PM 19392223 ER PT J AU Anderson, KD Slocik, JM McConney, ME Enlow, JO Jakubiak, R Bunning, TJ Naik, RR Tsukruk, VV AF Anderson, Kyle D. Slocik, Joseph M. McConney, Michael E. Enlow, Jesse O. Jakubiak, Rachel Bunning, Timothy J. Naik, Rajesh R. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Facile Plasma-Enhanced Deposition of Ultrathin Crosslinked Amino Acid Films for Conformal Biometallization SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE biometallization; gold nanoparticles; plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; tyrosine ID GOLD NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; TITANIA NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; OPTICAL RESOLUTION; POLYMERIZATION; SURFACES; COATINGS AB A novel method for the facile fabrication of conformal, ultrathin, and uniform synthetic amino acid coatings on a variety of practical surfaces by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is introduced. Tyrosine, which is utilized as an agent to reduce gold nanoparticles from solution, is sublimed into the plasma field and directly deposited on a variety of substrates to form a homogeneous., conformal, and robust polyamino acid coating in a one-step, solvent-free process. This approach is applicable to many practical surfaces and allows surface-induced biometallization while avoiding multiple wet-chemistry treatments that can damage many soft materials. Moreover, by placing a mask over the substrate during deposition, the tyrosine coating can be micropatterned. Upon its exposure to a solution of gold chloride, a network of gold nanoparticles forms on the surface, replicating the initial micropattern. This method of templated biometallization is adaptable to a variety of practical inorganic and organic substrates, such as silicon, glass, nitrocellulose, polystyrene, polydimethylsiloxane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, and woven silk fibers. No special pretreatment is necessary, and the technique results in a rapid, conformal amino acid coating that can be utilized for further biometallization. C1 [Anderson, Kyle D.; McConney, Michael E.; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Anderson, Kyle D.; McConney, Michael E.; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Enlow, Jesse O.; Jakubiak, Rachel; Bunning, Timothy J.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011 FU Air Force Office for Scientific Research; AFRL Bio-X STT program. FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office for Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory, and the AFRL Bio-X STT program. The authors thank Eugenia Kharlampieva for technical assistance with FTIR and related discussions and Hao Jiang for technical assistance with plasma depositions and spectra analysis. The authors also thank Srikanth Singamaneni and Ray Gunawidjaja for useful discussions. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD MAR 20 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 BP 741 EP 749 DI 10.1002/smll.200801843 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 429QC UT WOS:000264934200014 PM 19267334 ER PT J AU Kirsch, BR Characklis, GW Dillard, KEM Kelley, CT AF Kirsch, Brian R. Characklis, Gregory W. Dillard, Karen E. M. Kelley, C. T. TI More efficient optimization of long-term water supply portfolios SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSFERS; SIMULATION; VARIANCE; DROUGHT; OPTIONS AB The use of temporary transfers, such as options and leases, has grown as utilities attempt to meet increases in demand while reducing dependence on the expansion of costly infrastructure capacity (e. g., reservoirs). Earlier work has been done to construct optimal portfolios comprising firm capacity and transfers, using decision rules that determine the timing and volume of transfers. However, such work has only focused on the short-term (e. g., 1-year scenarios), which limits the utility of these planning efforts. Developing multiyear portfolios can lead to the exploration of a wider range of alternatives but also increases the computational burden. This work utilizes a coupled hydrologic-economic model to simulate the long-term performance of a city's water supply portfolio. This stochastic model is linked with an optimization search algorithm that is designed to handle the high-frequency, low-amplitude noise inherent in many simulations, particularly those involving expected values. This noise is detrimental to the accuracy and precision of the optimized solution and has traditionally been controlled by investing greater computational effort in the simulation. However, the increased computational effort can be substantial. This work describes the integration of a variance reduction technique (control variate method) within the simulation/optimization as a means of more efficiently identifying minimum cost portfolios. Random variation in model output (i.e., noise) is moderated using knowledge of random variations in stochastic input variables (e. g., reservoir inflows, demand), thereby reducing the computing time by 50% or more. Using these efficiency gains, water supply portfolios are evaluated over a 10-year period in order to assess their ability to reduce costs and adapt to demand growth, while still meeting reliability goals. As a part of the evaluation, several multiyear option contract structures are explored and compared. C1 [Kirsch, Brian R.; Characklis, Gregory W.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Dillard, Karen E. M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kelley, C. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kirsch, BR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Publ Hlth, Rosenau Hall,CB7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM bkirsch@email.unc.edu; charack@email.unc.edu; karen.dillard@afit.edu; tim_kelley@ncsu.edu OI Kelley, Carl/0000-0003-2791-0648 FU North Carolina Competitiveness Fund; NSF [DMS-0707220] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the North Carolina Competitiveness Fund and NSF grant DMS-0707220. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR 19 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W03414 DI 10.1029/2008WR007018 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 422QI UT WOS:000264442400002 ER PT J AU Allred, WT French, L Wang, XF Riechers, RG AF Allred, William T. French, Louis Wang, Xiao-Feng Riechers, Ronald G. TI Incidence and Clinical Features of Autonomic Dysfunction in a Military Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Population SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 61st Annual Meeting of American-Academy-of-Neurology CY APR 28-29, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Acad Neurol C1 [Allred, William T.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAR 17 PY 2009 VL 72 IS 11 BP A494 EP A494 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 423WT UT WOS:000264527902697 ER PT J AU Yang, XC Giles, NC AF Yang, Xiaocheng Giles, N. C. TI Hall effect analysis of bulk ZnO comparing different crystal growth techniques SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE crystal growth from melt; crystal growth from solution; crystal growth from vapour; deep levels; electron-phonon interactions; Hall effect; Hall mobility; hopping conduction; II-VI semiconductors; impurity scattering; impurity states; semiconductor growth; zinc compounds ID P-TYPE ZNO; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ZINC-OXIDE; CONDUCTION; DONORS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEPOSITION; CONSTANTS AB The relaxation time approximation was used to interpret Hall effect data from n-type ZnO bulk samples grown using the high-pressure melt, seeded-chemical-vapor transport, and hydrothermal techniques. These samples represent a range of free-carrier concentrations due to different amounts of donors and compensating acceptors. Treatment of intrinsic mechanisms includes polar-optical phonon scattering using an effective T-po=750 K, piezoelectric potential scattering using P-perpendicular to=0.25, and deformation potential scattering using E-1=3.8 eV. Intrinsic mobilities from 60 to 400 K for electrons and for holes in ZnO are predicted. For extrinsic behaviors, ionized and neutral impurities are included. Donor ionization energies for dilute concentrations were determined. Shallow group III donors (Al, Ga) are responsible for the free carriers in the high-pressure melt and seeded-chemical-vapor transport crystals. The hydrothermally grown sample is closely compensated and exhibits hopping conduction below 200 K. Free carriers in the hydrothermal ZnO crystal are generated by thermal activation of deep nickel donors with the Ni2+/3+ level at about 270 meV below the conduction band. C1 [Yang, Xiaocheng; Giles, N. C.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Giles, NC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nancy.giles@afit.edu FU NSF [DMR-0508140, DMR-0804352]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This work was supported by NSF (Grant Nos. DMR-0508140 and DMR-0804352). X. Y. was supported by funds provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors thank Shan Yang and Chunchuan Xu for technical assistance in taking the Hall data. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 6 AR 063709 DI 10.1063/1.3079336 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 427IW UT WOS:000264774000103 ER PT J AU Haugan, HJ Elhamri, S Ullrich, B Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC AF Haugan, H. J. Elhamri, S. Ullrich, B. Szmulowicz, F. Brown, G. J. Mitchel, W. C. TI Optimizing residual carriers in undoped InAs/GaSb superlattices for high operating temperature mid-infrared detectors SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Molecular beam epitaxy; Superlattices; Antimonides; Infrared detector; Semiconductor devices ID II SUPERLATTICES; GROWTH AB The mid-infrared 21 angstrom InAs/24 angstrom GaSb superlattices (SLs) designed for the 4 pm cutoff wavelength were grown by molecular beam epitaxy at growth temperatures between 370 and 430 degrees C in order to reduce residual background carriers. The lowest density of 1.8 x 10(11) cm(-2) was obtained from the SLs grown at 400 degrees C. With increasing growth temperature, in-plane hole mobility decreased from 8740 to 1400 cm(2)/Vs due to increased interfacial roughness, while the photoluminescence (PL) intensity increased due to a decrease in the number of nonstoichiometric nonradiative defects. Further reduction of carrier density to 1 x 10(11) cm(-2) was achieved by increasing barrier width. As GaSb layer width increases from 24 to 48 A, the cutoff wavelength decreased from 4.1 to 3.4 mu m, which is still in the mid-infrared detection window. More importantly, a dramatic improvement on the PL intensity and the full width at half maximum was achieved from the SL samples with the wider GaSb widths. All mid-infrared SL samples investigated in our studies were residually p-type. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Szmulowicz, F.; Brown, G. J.; Mitchel, W. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ullrich, B.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM heather.haugan.ctr@us.af.mil NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR 15 PY 2009 VL 311 IS 7 BP 1897 EP 1900 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.09.141 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 439WW UT WOS:000265659300067 ER PT J AU Lim, JK Jeon, IY Lyons, CB Laufersweiler, MC Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Lim, Jong-Kwan Jeon, In-Yup Lyons, Christopher B. Laufersweiler, Michael C. Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong Beom TI Carboxylic Acid-Terminated Hyperbranched Polybenzoxazole and Its Polyarm-Star Block Copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT MATERIALS; RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; POLYPHOSPHORIC ACID/P2O5; POLYBENZAZOLE COPOLYMERS; MOLECULAR COMPOSITES; ETHER KETONE); FIBERS; DENDRIMERS AB A new AB(2) monomer, 5-amino-4-hydroxyisophthalic acid hydrochloride, was synthesized and polymerized in poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA) to afford a carboxylic acid-terminated hyperbranched polybenzoxazole (HPBO). Taking advantage of the large number of peripheral carboxylic acid groups on HPBO, polyarm-star block copolymers, HPBO-b-mPEK and HPBO-b-pPEK, were conveniently prepared in the same reaction medium with additional amounts of phosphorus pentoxide (P(2)O(5)) via "direct" Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction with Sand 4-phenoxybenzoic acids as AB monomers. All the resulting polymers displayed polyelectrolyte behaviors in solution due to the large number of carboxylic acid termini. The UV-vis absorption intensities, which increased as polymer concentration was increased, showed quasi-linear dependence in all sample solutions. The emission intensity drastically decreased as the concentration of HPBO core polymer was increased, while the block copolymers were not much affected by concentration variation. The emission behaviors of HPBO-b-mPEK and HPBO-b-pPEK should be inherent to the chromophoric inner HPBO cores, which were shielded by the outer linear PEK shells. The morphology study suggested that both proton conductivity and optical behaviors of HPBO might be greatly influenced by the globular core-shell architecture. C1 [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate,RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lim, Jong-Kwan; Jeon, In-Yup; Baek, Jong Beom] UNIST, Ulsan 689805, South Korea. [Lyons, Christopher B.; Laufersweiler, Michael C.] SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate,RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; jbbaek@unist.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Asian Office of Aerospace RD (AFOSR-AOARD); Korea Science and Engineering Foundation [R01-2007-000-10031-02] FX We are grateful to Jeong Hee Lee (SEM) of Chungbuk National University and Dr. Yeong-Suk Choi (Proton Conductivity) of the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SALT) for obtaining data. This project was supported by funding from US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace R&D (AFOSR-AOARD) and Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (R01-2007-000-10031-02). NR 70 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 10 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1541 EP 1553 DI 10.1021/ma802401v PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 414RN UT WOS:000263883000023 ER PT J AU Baca, FJ Barnes, PN Emergo, RLS Haugan, TJ Reichart, JN Wu, JZ AF Baca, F. J. Barnes, P. N. Emergo, R. L. S. Haugan, T. J. Reichart, J. N. Wu, J. Z. TI Control of BaZrO3 nanorod alignment in YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films by microstructural modulation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE barium compounds; dislocation density; flux pinning; high-temperature superconductors; nanostructured materials; superconducting thin films; yttrium compounds ID COLUMNAR DEFECTS; VORTEX MOTION; NANOPARTICLES; IRRADIATION; DENSITY; SPLAY AB The alignment of BaZrO3-nanorods (BZO-NRs) in YBa2Cu3O7-x was studied using vicinal substrates to modulate the microstructure. As the vicinal angle was increased to 10 degrees, the angular splay of BZO-NRs increased. Correspondingly, the vortex pinning along the c-axis increased slightly, a possible consequence of enhanced vortex entanglement. Up to 10 degrees, an increasing density of planar defects was observed, while at similar to 20 degrees an orthogonal reorientation of the BZO-NRs along the a-b planes occurs. This suggests that the modulated microstructure introduces a competing effect on the BZO-NR formation and alignment, and beyond a critical vicinal angle, c-axis alignment is no longer favorable for BZO-NRs. C1 [Baca, F. J.; Barnes, P. N.; Haugan, T. J.; Reichart, J. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baca, F. J.; Emergo, R. L. S.; Wu, J. Z.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Baca, FJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM francisco.baca@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation [DMR0803149]; Department of Energy [DE-FG03-01ER45911] FX The authors acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Air Force Research Laboratory, the National Science Foundation (DMR0803149), and the Department of Energy (DE-FG03-01ER45911). NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 9 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 10 AR 102512 DI 10.1063/1.3097234 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 420HO UT WOS:000264280000063 ER PT J AU Sun, G Khurgin, JB Soref, RA AF Sun, G. Khurgin, J. B. Soref, R. A. TI Practical enhancement of photoluminescence by metal nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; indium compounds; nanoparticles; photoluminescence; semiconductor quantum dots; silver ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION AB We develop a simple yet rigorous theory of the photoluminescence (PL) enhancement in the vicinity of metal nanoparticles. The enhancement takes place during both optical excitation and emission. The strong dependence on the nanoparticle size enables optimization for maximum PL efficiency. Using the example of InGaN quantum dots (QDs) positioned near Ag nanospheres embedded in GaN, we show that strong enhancement can be obtained only for those QDs, atoms, or molecules that are originally inefficient in absorbing as well as in emitting optical energy. We then discuss practical implications for sensor technology. C1 [Sun, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Soref, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM greg.sun@umb.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 20 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 9 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 10 AR 101103 DI 10.1063/1.3097025 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 420HO UT WOS:000264280000003 ER PT J AU Bai, Z Shumaker, JA Houtz, MD Mirau, PA Dang, TD AF Bai, Zongwu Shumaker, Joseph A. Houtz, Marlene D. Mirau, Peter A. Dang, Thuy D. TI Fluorinated poly(arylenethioethersulfone) copolymers containing pendant sulfonic acid groups for proton exchange membrane materials SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Fluorinated poly(arylenethioethersulfone); Sulfonated polymer; Thermal stability ID FUEL-CELLS; POLYARYLENETHIOETHER SULFONES; POLYMERS; CONDUCTIVITY AB Fluorinated sulfo-pendants poly(arylenethioethersulfone) copolymer, which contained 50 mol% sulfonate content per repeat unit (6F-SPTES-50). were synthesized by a nucleophilic polycondensation from 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-diphenylthiol, 3,3'-disulfonate-4,4'-difluorodiphenylsulfone and 4,4'-difluorodiphenylsulfone. The 6F-SPTES-50 copolymer possessed high molecular weight, exhibited good film formability and thermal stability, and maintained adequate mechanical strength after immersion in water for 24 h. The proton conductivities of the 6F-SPTES-50 copolymer membrane increased with temperatures, reaching values above 120 mS/cm at 85 degrees C and 85% relative humidity. Preliminary MEA test shows acceptable performance, which indicated that these materials are promising proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for fuel cells operated at medium temperatures. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bai, Zongwu; Shumaker, Joseph A.; Houtz, Marlene D.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Mirau, Peter A.; Dang, Thuy D.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBP, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bai, ZW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM zongwu.bai@wpafb.af.mil; thuy.dang@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL/PR FX The authors would like to thank AFRL/PR for funding this research project and Dr. Narayanan Venkat (University of Dayton Research Institute) for technical discussion in the fluorinated monomers and copolymers. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAR 6 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1463 EP 1469 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.01.028 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 422NC UT WOS:000264434000015 ER PT J AU Varanasi, CV Leedy, KD Tomich, DH Subramanyam, G AF Varanasi, C. V. Leedy, K. D. Tomich, D. H. Subramanyam, G. TI Large area Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin films for microwave applications deposited by pulsed laser ablation SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Physical vapor deposition; Ferroelectric properties; Laser ablation; Oxides ID COMMUTATION QUALITY FACTOR; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; HIGH TUNABILITY; SURFACE-LAYER; YBCO FILMS; ELECTRODES; PLD AB Large area Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) thin films with x=0.4 or x=0.5 were deposited on 75 mm diameter Si wafers in a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) chamber enabling full-wafer device fabrication using standard lithography. The deposition conditions were re-optimized for large PLD chambers to obtain uniform film thickness, grain size, crystal structure, orientation, and dielectric properties of BST films. X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses on the BST films grown on Pt/Au/Ti electrodes deposited on SiO2/Si wafers revealed films with (110) preferred orientation with a grain size <100 nm. An area map of the thickness and crystal orientation of a BST film deposited on SiO2/Si wafer also showed (110) preferred orientation with a film thickness variation <6%. Large area BST films were found to have a high dielectric tunability of 76% at an electric field of 400 kV/cm and dielectric loss tangent below 0.03 at microwave frequencies up to 20 GHz and a commutation quality factor of similar to 4200. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Varanasi, C. V.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Varanasi, C. V.; Leedy, K. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tomich, D. H.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varanasi, CV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Chakrapani.varanasi@wpafb.af.mil FU Sensors Directorate of Air Force Research Laboratory. FX This work is supported by the Sensors Directorate of Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAR 2 PY 2009 VL 517 IS 9 BP 2878 EP 2881 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2008.10.123 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 421AY UT WOS:000264331500009 ER PT J AU Bobo, WV Nevin, R Greene, E Lacy, TJ AF Bobo, William V. Nevin, Remington Greene, Elizabeth Lacy, Timothy J. TI The Effect of Psychiatric Third-Year Rotation Setting on Academic Performance, Student Attitudes, and Specialty Choice SO ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL-STUDENTS; STANDARDIZED PATIENTS; CONSULTATION-LIAISON; LEARNING OUTCOMES; CLERKSHIP SITE; CAREER CHOICE; GRADES; DURATION; SCHOOL; OUTPATIENT AB Objective: Few studies have directly compared the effects of third-year clerkship rotation type on measures of academic performance, student attitudes about psychiatry and psychiatric patients, and level of interest in psychiatry as a career. The goal of this study was to assess the extent to which rotation type influenced these outcome variables among third-year medical students. Methods: The authors conducted a prospective study of 647 third-year medical students administratively assigned to one of three clinical settings: an acute inpatient ward, a hospital-based consultation-liaison service, and an outpatient mental health care clinic. Academic performance was estimated using scores from a nationally standardized examination provided by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), while responses to an anonymous survey developed by the investigators were used as indicators of student attitudes about and interest in psychiatry as a potential career field. Administrative residency match data were collected on all participants. Results: Rotation type had no effect on NBME exam scores after controlling for grade point average, age, gender, rotation order, and rotation year. Although individuals who rotated on the inpatient service scored an average of 1.8 points higher on the examination relative to individuals who rotated on the consultation service, this small difference was not considered academically meaningful. Similarly, there were no statistically meaningful patterns that emerged between survey responses and rotation type. Approximately 4% of our sample matched into psychiatric residencies after graduating from medical school. Rotation type and survey responses were not statistically correlated with specialty choice. Conclusion: Rotation type does not appear to affect acquisition of psychiatric knowledge as estimated by standardized examination scores, nor does it appear to influence students' perceptions of psychiatry or specialty choice. C1 [Bobo, William V.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Vanderbilt Psychiat Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. [Nevin, Remington] Army Med Surveillance Activ, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Greene, Elizabeth] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Bobo, WV (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Vanderbilt Psychiat Hosp, Dept Psychiat, 1601 23rd Ave S,Suite 3035, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. EM william.v.bobo@vanderbilt.edu OI Nevin, Remington/0000-0002-0534-1889 NR 53 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 1042-9670 J9 ACAD PSYCHIATR JI Acad. Psych. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 33 IS 2 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry SC Education & Educational Research; Psychiatry GA 437ZP UT WOS:000265526000006 PM 19398622 ER PT J AU Meziani, MJ Bunker, CE Lu, FS Li, HT Wang, W Guliants, EA Quinn, RA Sun, YP AF Meziani, Mohammed J. Bunker, Christopher E. Lu, Fushen Li, Heting Wang, Wei Guliants, Elena A. Quinn, Robert A. Sun, Ya-Ping TI Formation and Properties of Stabilized Aluminum Nanoparticles SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE aluminum nanoparticles; alanes; surface passivation; energetic nanomaterials ID HYDROGEN STORAGE PROPERTIES; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; SURFACE; AL(111); POWDERS; NANOPOWDERS; ADSORPTION; DECOMPOSITION; PASSIVATION; REACTIVITY AB The wet-chemical synthesis of aluminum nanoparticles was investigated systematically by using dimethylethylamine alane and 1-methylpyrrolidine alane as precursors and molecules with one or a pair of carboxylic acid groups as surface passivation agents. Dimethylethylamine alane was more reactive, capable of yielding well-defined and dispersed aluminum nanoparticles. 1-Methylpyrrolidine alane was less reactive and more complex in the catalytic decomposition reaction, for which various experimental parameters and conditions were used and evaluated. The results suggested that the passivation agent played dual roles of trapping aluminum particles to keep them nanoscale during the alane decomposition and protecting the aluminum nanoparticles postproduction from surface oxidation and that an appropriate balance between the rate of alane decomposition (depending more sensitively on the reaction temperature) and the timing in the introduction of the passivation agent into the reaction mixture was critical to the desired product mixes and/or morphologies. Some fundamental and technical issues on the alane decomposition and the protection of the resulting aluminum nanoparticles are discussed. C1 [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Meziani, Mohammed J.; Lu, Fushen; Li, Heting; Wang, Wei; Quinn, Robert A.; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Meziani, Mohammed J.; Lu, Fushen; Li, Heting; Wang, Wei; Quinn, Robert A.; Sun, Ya-Ping] Clemson Univ, Lab Emerging Mat & Technol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Christopher.Bunker@WPAFB.AF.MIL; syaping@clemson.edu OI Lu, Fushen/0000-0002-3323-7181 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; South Carolina Space Grant Consortium; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA-071-0026]; Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films (CAEFF, an NSF-ERC at Clemson University) FX Financial support from the Air Force Research Laboratory through the nanoenergetics program is gratefully acknowledged, Additional support from the South Carolina Space Grant Consortium (Y.-P.S.), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) through the program of Dr. Julian Tishkoff (C.E.B.), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) through Grant HDTRA-071-0026 (E.A.G.) is also acknowledged. R.A.Q. was an undergraduate research assistant supported by the Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films (CAEFF, an NSF-ERC at Clemson University). NR 34 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3 BP 703 EP 709 DI 10.1021/am800209m PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 464VL UT WOS:000267535900024 PM 20355993 ER PT J AU Zhang, XF Luster, B Church, A Muratore, C Voevodin, AA Kohli, P Aouadi, S Talapatra, S AF Zhang, Xianfeng Luster, Brandon Church, Amelia Muratore, Christopher Voevodin, Andrey A. Kohli, Punit Aouadi, Samir Talapatra, Saikat TI Carbon Nanotube-MoS2 Composites as Solid Lubricants SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE solid lubricants; nanocomposites; carbon nanotubes; tribology; wear ID TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; MOS2 NANOPARTICLES; FILMS; PERFORMANCE; FRICTION; OXIDE; RAMAN; WEAR; AIR AB Solid lubricants (SLs) characterized by low coefficients of friction (mu) and wear rates (omega) drastically improve the life span of instruments that undergo extreme frictional wear. However, the performance of SLs such as sputtered or nanoparticulate molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), tungsten disulfide (WS2), or graphite deteriorates heavily under extreme operational conditions such as elevated temperatures and high humidity. Here, we present our preliminary results, which demonstrate that composites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MoS2 produced by electrodeposition of MoS2 on vertically aligned CNT films have low mu (similar to 0.03) and w (similar to 10(-13) mm(3)/N . mm) even at 300 degrees C, which are about 2 orders of magnitude better than those of nanoparticulate MoS2-based coatings. The high load-bearing capacity of CNTs provides a strong enduring support to MoS2 nanoclusters and is responsible for their ultralow omega. The incorporation of these composites in liquid lubricants reduces the friction coefficient of the liquid lubricants by similar to 15%. The technique described here to produce SL coatings with extremely appealing frictional properties will provide valuable solutions for a variety of tribological applications where the coatings encounter high temperature, reduced pressure, and/or low- and high-humidity conditions. C1 [Kohli, Punit] So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Zhang, Xianfeng; Luster, Brandon; Church, Amelia; Aouadi, Samir; Talapatra, Saikat] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Muratore, Christopher; Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kohli, P (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM pkohli@chem.siu.edu; saouadi@physics.siu.edu; stalapatra@physics.siu.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU NSF [0653986]; U.S. Department of the ARMY [W911NF-08-1-0460] FX S.T. acknowledges start-up funding support received from SIUC's Office of Research Development and Administration. P.K. acknowledges the NSF (CAREER Award and CMMI 0653986), and S.A. thanks the NSF (CMMI 0653986) and the U.S. Department of the ARMY (Award W911NF-08-1-0460) for partial funding of this work. NR 26 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 13 U2 139 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD MAR PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3 BP 735 EP 739 DI 10.1021/am800240e PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 464VL UT WOS:000267535900028 PM 20355996 ER PT J AU Sun, QJ Subramanyam, G Dai, LM Check, M Campbell, A Naik, R Grote, J Wang, YQ AF Sun, Qingjiang Subramanyam, Guru Dai, Liming Check, Michael Campbell, Angela Naik, Rajesh Grote, James Wang, Yongqiang TI Highly Efficient Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with DNA-CTMA as a Combined Hole-Transporting and Electron-Blocking Layer SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE quantum dot; light-emitting diode (LED); QD-LED; DNA; flat display ID SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; POLYMER DIODES; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; FILMS; INJECTION AB Owing to their narrow bright emission band, broad size-tunable emission wavelength, superior photostability, and excellent flexible-substrate compatibility, light-emitting diodes based on quantum dots (QD-LEDs) are currently under intensive research and development for multiple consumer applications including flat-panel displays and flat lighting. However, their commercialization is still precluded by the slow development to date of efficient QD-LEDs as even the highest reported efficiency of 2.0% cannot favorably compete with their organic counterparts. Here, we report QD-LEDs with a record high efficiency (similar to 4%), high brightness (similar to 6580 cd/m(2)), low turn-on voltage (similar to 2.6 V), and significantly improved color purity by simply using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complexed with cetyltrimetylammonium (CTMA) (DNA-CTMA) as a combined hole transporting and electron-blocking layer (HTL/EBL). This, together with controlled thermal decomposition of ligand molecules from the QD shell, represents a novel combined, but simple and very effective, approach toward the development of highly efficient QD-LEDs with a high color purity. C1 [Sun, Qingjiang; Subramanyam, Guru; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Sch Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Check, Michael; Campbell, Angela; Naik, Rajesh; Grote, James] USAF, Res Lab, Mat Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, Yongqiang] Ocean NanoTech LLC, Springdale, AR 72764 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Sch Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0384]; AFRL/RX FX Financial support for this work from AFOSR (FA9550-06-1-0384) and AFRL/RX is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to thank Prof. N. Ogata for providing us with the salmon DNA. NR 29 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2009 VL 3 IS 3 BP 737 EP 743 DI 10.1021/nn8009079 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 423ZL UT WOS:000264535200035 PM 19309174 ER PT J AU Craig, AC Eickhoff-Shemek, JM AF Craig, Aaron C. Eickhoff-Shemek, JoAnn M. TI EDUCATING AND TRAINING THE PERSONAL FITNESS TRAINER: A Pedagogical Approach SO ACSMS HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Personal Fitness Training; Educational Training Programs; Program Planning; Exercise Plans/Lesson Plans; Student Reflection C1 [Craig, Aaron C.] Univ S Florida, Profess Dev Courses, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Craig, Aaron C.] Univ S Florida, FIT Program, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Eickhoff-Shemek, JoAnn M.] Univ S Florida, Exercise Sci Program, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Craig, AC (reprint author), MacDill AFB, Hlth & Wellness Ctr, Tampa, FL USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1091-5397 J9 ACSMS HEALTH FIT J JI ACSMS Health Fit. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 13 IS 2 BP 8 EP 15 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 418YY UT WOS:000264187400003 ER PT J AU Tomczak, MM Gupta, MK Drummy, LF Rozenzhak, SM Nalk, RR AF Tomczak, Melanie M. Gupta, Maneesh K. Drummy, Lawrence F. Rozenzhak, Sophie M. Nalk, Rajesh R. TI Morphological control and assembly of zinc oxide using a biotemplate SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Peptide; ZnO; Silk; Phage display ID ZNO NANOPARTICLES; IN-VITRO; PEPTIDE; SILICA; TEMPERATURE; FILMS; IMMOBILIZATION; NANOSTRUCTURES; PRECIPITATION; SPECIFICITY AB Zinc oxide is a wide band gap material that has significant applications in photovoltaics, piezoelectrics and optoelectronics. Traditionally, ZnO has been synthesized using high temperatures and harsh reaction conditions. Recently, benign reaction conditions have been used to synthesize ZnO using amine and citrate additives. In this study, peptide phage display was performed to identify a peptide, termed Z1, that binds to and directs the growth of ZnO hexagonal nanocrystals. By altering the concentration of Z1 peptide, the ZnO nanocrystal morphology can be tailored. Additionally, Z1 peptide was used to direct the growth of ZnO structures on free-standing silk films. The results presented here demonstrate the utility of peptides in controlling the structure and deposition of ZnO. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tomczak, Melanie M.; Gupta, Maneesh K.; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Rozenzhak, Sophie M.; Nalk, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Nalk, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil RI Gupta, Maneesh/E-7492-2010 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 29 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 876 EP 882 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.11.011 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 425FJ UT WOS:000264622100008 PM 19117819 ER PT J AU Hall, J Kendall, B AF Hall, Jordan Kendall, Bryan TI High Risk Human Papillomavirus DNA Detection in Pap Tests with Both Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance and Candida SO ACTA CYTOLOGICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 95th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 11-17, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol DE atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; Candida; human papillomavirus; liquid-based cytology AB Objective We examined the detection rate of high risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) DNA in ThinPrep Pap tests with concurrent diagnoses of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and fungal organisms morphologically consistent with Candida species. Study Design Gynecologic cytology records were searched to find reports with concurrent diagnoses of both ASCUS and Candida infection. Over a 19-month period, 309 cases with reflex hr-HPV tests results were identified. The rate of hr-HPV detection in this group was compared to our laboratory's overall hr-HPV rate for women in general and among 5-year age groupings. Results There was a significantly higher overall rate of hr-HPV detection in cases of ASCUS with Candida (44.7%, p < 0.001) compared to the overall ASCUS hr-HPV rate (34.1%). When age was stratified, the ASCUS with Candida <= 20 and 21-25 age-groups had significantly higher rates of hr-HPV detection compared to the over all ASCUS rates (65.0% vs. 58.5%, p < 0.001 and 61.6% vs. 50.5%, p < 0.04, respectively). Conclusion Our study shows that the presence of Candida does not exclude hr-HPV and that atypical cytologic features in the presence of Candida should not be entirely attributed to reactive cellular changes, especially in younger women. (Acta Cytol 2009;53:150152) C1 [Hall, Jordan; Kendall, Bryan] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Hall, J (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jordan.hall@lackland.af.mil NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0001-5547 J9 ACTA CYTOL JI Acta Cytol. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 53 IS 2 BP 150 EP 152 DI 10.1159/000325116 PG 3 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 420QK UT WOS:000264304100005 PM 19365966 ER PT J AU Helton, WS Matthews, G Warm, JS AF Helton, William S. Matthews, Gerald Warm, Joel S. TI Stress state mediation between environmental variables and performance: The case of noise and vigilance SO ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Distress; Noise; Stress; Sustained attention; Vigilance ID SUSTAINED ATTENTION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SIGNAL SALIENCE; TASK; WORKLOAD; PERSONALITY; PREDICTORS; MODEL; PESSIMISM; CAFFEINE AB Effects of environmental variables on performance may be mediated by individual stress states. In this study the effects of jet-aircraft engine noise and signal salience on vigilance performance and self-reported stress state were examined. One hundred and ninety-two (96 female and 96 male) participants were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions consisting of 48 participants each resulting from the factorial combination of signal salience (high and low salience signals) and noise (95 dBA intermittent aircraft noise or quiet). Performance metrics; and self-reported stress state (Task Engagement. Distress, and Worry) were collected. Performance in the noise conditions was significantly better than in the quiet conditions. Performance in the high salience conditions was significantly better than the low salience conditions. Noise elevated Task Engagement and low signal salience elevated Distress. Moreover, structural equation model analyses were used to examine stress state mediation between the experimental variables and performance. These analyses indicated Engagement mediates between noise and vigilance performance. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Helton, William S.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Psychol, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Matthews, Gerald] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Warm, Joel S.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Helton, WS (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Psychol, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM deak_helton@yahoo.com NR 80 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-6918 J9 ACTA PSYCHOL JI Acta Psychol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 130 IS 3 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.12.006 PG 10 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 429VO UT WOS:000264948400004 PM 19167690 ER PT J AU Christ, JA Lemke, LD Abriola, LM AF Christ, John A. Lemke, Lawrence D. Abriola, Linda M. TI The influence of dimensionality on simulations of mass recovery from nonuniform dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zones SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE DNAPL; Modeling; Two-dimensional; Three-dimensional; Source zone ID SATURATED SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; FIELD-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; UNIFORM-FLOW FIELDS; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; NAPL DISSOLUTION AB The influence of model dimensionality on predictions of mass recovery from dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zones in nonuniform permeability fields was investigated using a modified version of the modular three-dimensional transport simulator (MT3DMS). Thirty-two initial two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) tetrachloroethene-DNAPL source zone architectures, taken from a recent modeling study, were used as initial conditions for this analysis. Commonly employed source zone metrics were analyzed to determine differences between 2D and 3D predictions: (i) down-gradient flux-averaged contaminant concentration, (ii) reductions in contaminant mass flux through a down-gradient boundary, (iii) source zone ganglia-to-pool (GTP) ratio, and (iv) time required to achieve a remediation objective. 3D flux-averaged contaminant concentrations were approximately 3.5 times lower than concentrations simulated in 2D. This difference was attributed to dilution of the contaminant concentrations down gradient of the source zone. Contaminant flux reduction predictions for a given mass recovery were generally 5% higher in 3D simulations than in 2D simulations. The GTP ratio declined over time as mass was recovered in both 2D and 3D simulations. Although the source longevity (i.e., time required to achieve 99.99% mass recovery) differed between individual 2D and 3D realizations, the mean source longevity for the 2D and 3D simulation ensembles was within 2%. 2D simulations tended to over-predict the time required to achieve lower mass recovery levels (e.g. 50% mass recovery) due to a smaller contaminated area exposed to uncontaminated water. These findings suggest that ensemble averages of 2D numerical simulations of DNAPL migration, entrapment, dissolution, and mass recovery in statistically homogenous, nonuniform media may provide reasonable approximations to average behavior obtained using simulations conducted in fully three-dimensional domains. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Christ, John A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lemke, Lawrence D.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Geol, Environm Sci Program, Detroit, MI USA. [Abriola, Linda M.] Tufts Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Christ, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, HQ USAFA DFCE, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J-159, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM John.Christ@usafa.edu RI Abriola, Linda/F-7624-2010 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [DACA72-00-C-0023] FX This research was sponsored by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (Contract DACA72-00-C-0023). The content of this manuscript has not been subject to agency review and does not necessarily represent the view of the agency sponsor. The authors also wish to acknowledge J.C. Parker and E. Park for providing the modified version of MT3DMS. NR 70 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.12.002 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 426TA UT WOS:000264729500009 ER PT J AU Povitsky, A Pathak, K Gaitonde, D AF Povitsky, Alex Pathak, Kedar Gaitonde, Datta TI Dynamics of Plumes Generated by Local Injection of Ablated Material SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LASER-ABLATION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CARBON AB Numerical modeling is employed to study the heat transfer modulation between the thermal protection shield and the gas flow that is caused by ejection of underexpanded pyrolysis gases through the cracks in the thermal protection shield. The simulations are performed for an axisymmetric bluff body flying at Mach 7. The influence of the geometry of the thermal protection shield on the heat transfer pattern is studied for two representative shapes. The results are presented for three different flight altitudes (low, ground level; moderate, 20 km; and high, 30 km). At the low altitude, the plume pressure is lower than the pressure behind the detached front shock wave and the plume propagates slowly along the wall surface. At high and moderate altitudes, the plume path (and, consequently, the convective heat transfer between the thermal protection shield and the plume) depends on the plume interaction with the bow shock wave. The effect of viscosity for the plume injection conditions and freestream Mach number considered is found to be negligible at simulated altitudes. The effect of the initial pressure of pyrolysis gas on the plume dynamics is significant. The presence of the blast wave associated with the underexpanded plume alters the heat transfer and increases mixing. Finally, the enhanced heat transfer caused by the emergence of multiple plumes is investigated. C1 [Povitsky, Alex; Pathak, Kedar] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Gaitonde, Datta] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Povitsky, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0457] FX Alex Povitsky and Kedar Pathak acknowledge partial support of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research through research grant FA9550-07-1-0457. Alex Povitsky thanks the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (Dayton, OH) for the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship from 2005-2008. The computations were conducted using Ohio Supercomputer Center facilities through a computer time grant to Alex Povitsky. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 BP 655 EP 667 DI 10.2514/1.38126 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 414YS UT WOS:000263901700017 ER PT J AU Larson, RA Palazotto, AN Gardenier, HE AF Larson, Reid A. Palazotto, Anthony N. Gardenier, Hugh E. TI Impact Response of Titanium and Titanium Boride Monolithic and Functionally Graded Composite Plates SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TI-TIB COMPOSITES; LONG-WAVELENGTH PROPAGATION; LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; CYLINDRICAL-SHELLS; VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS; SHALLOW SHELLS; ELASTIC MEDIA; MODEL; INCLUSIONS; STRESS AB Functionally graded materials have gained significant interest within the research community in recent years. Functionally graded materials are advanced composites in which local material properties are tailored to suit application requirements by altering the volume fraction ratios of two or more constituents. In this article, the behavior of metal-ceramic functionally graded material plates under low-velocity, medium-energy impact loading is considered using experimental and computational techniques. A series of impact tests were conducted on monolithic and functionally graded plates composed of titanium and titanium boride. The tests were performed using a vertical drop test apparatus in which highly controlled impacts of up to 108 J were delivered to the center of the top surface of each plate. The opposing bottom surface of each plate was instrumented with strain gauges wired into a high-speed data acquisition system to collect strain histories throughout the duration of the impact event. A sophisticated finite element model of the test was constructed to simulate the conditions of the experiments. Two distinct material models were used in the finite element analyses to study the monolithic and graded plates. The first model used analytical expressions based on the local volume fractions of the constituents to generate homogenized-material properties for the mixtures of titanium and titanium boride. The second model randomly distributed cells containing titanium elements and titanium boride elements constrained to satisfy local volume fraction ratios in the monolithic and graded specimens. The strain histories from the experiments were compared with the analogous solutions from the finite element model analyses to validate the computational models used in the study. Specifically, analyses with respect to historical trends, maximum strain magnitudes, and strain-rate effects were performed to gain insight into the impact response of the plate structures. The key contribution is validation of functionally graded material models and a computational framework for studying the impact response of functionally graded material plates as a foundation for investigations of more severe impact loads. C1 [Larson, Reid A.; Palazotto, Anthony N.; Gardenier, Hugh E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Larson, RA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Vehicles Directorate; Structural Science Center (AFRL/RBS); Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) under the AFRL/DAGSI Ohio Student-Faculty Research Fellowship Program FX The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Vehicles Directorate, Structural Science Center (AFRL/RBS); and the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute (DAGSI) under the AFRL/DAGSI Ohio Student-Faculty Research Fellowship Program. The authors would like to further acknowledge Brian Smyers, Richard Wiggins, and Brett Hauber (AFRL/RBS); Daniel Ryan (U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology); Kevin Poormon (University of Dayton Research Institute); and Rachael DeRoche (Pennsylvania State University) and Joe Sabat (U.S. Air Force Academy) for their various contributions to this research. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 BP 676 EP 691 DI 10.2514/1.38577 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 414YS UT WOS:000263901700019 ER PT J AU Rizzetta, DP Visbal, MR AF Rizzetta, Donald P. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Large Eddy Simulation of Plasma-Based Control Strategies for Bluff Body Flow SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; FLUID-DYNAMICS; ASPECT RATIO; NEAR-WAKE; LAYER; TURBULENCE AB Large eddy simulation was used to explore plasma-based control strategies for the flow past a circular cylinder in crossflow at a Reynolds number of 10,000. Solutions were obtained to the Navier-Stokes equations, using a simple phenomenological model to represent plasma-induced body forces imparted by actuators on the surrounding fluid. The numerical method used a high-fidelity time-implicit scheme, and an overset grid approach. Two fundamentally different control strategies were investigated, consisting of larger actuators that produced a wall-jet-like flow, and smaller actuators that perturbed the unstable shear layers near the separation location. The larger actuators achieved control via a "Coanda" effect, and were operated both continuously and in a pulsed manner. For pulsed cases, two different bistable states with nonzero time-mean lift were identified. All control cases resulted in at least a 50% decrease in drag, as well as elimination of oscillatory lift. Comparison is made with available experimental data for the baseline case where no control was enforced. Features of the control flowfields are described, and resultant solutions are compared with each other. C1 [Rizzetta, Donald P.; Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rizzetta, DP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Center at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. FX The work presented here was sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and was monitored by R. W. Jefferies and J. D. Schmisseur. Computational resources were supported in part by a grant of supercomputer time from the U.S. Department of Defense Major Shared Resource Center at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. NR 71 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 BP 717 EP 729 DI 10.2514/1.39168 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 414YS UT WOS:000263901700023 ER PT J AU Varney, SM Dooley, M Bebarta, VS AF Varney, Shawn M. Dooley, Melissa Bebarta, Vikhyat S. TI Faster intubation with direct laryngoscopy vs handheld videoscope in uncomplicated manikin airways SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MACINTOSH LARYNGOSCOPE; TRACHEAL INTUBATION; DIFFICULT AIRWAY; ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; MANAGEMENT; GLIDESCOPE(R); AIRTRAQ(R) AB Objective: To compare average time to successful intubation and success rates using direct laryngoscopy (DL) with those using a battery-operated videoscope (VS) in uncomplicated manikin intubations. Methods: Forty-four paramedics and emergency medicine faculty and residents received training with DL and VS. Participants performed 3 timed trials using each device. A single group repeated-measures analysis of variance for average time measurements was performed. Results: Grouping physicians and paramedics, mean time to successful intubation for DL was 14.6 seconds (SD, 4.3 seconds) and for VS was 25.9 seconds (SD, 9.2 seconds; P < .001). All attempts were successful with both devices. A secondary measure compared intubation times for physicians and paramedics on both devices. For DL, mean time to successful intubation for physicians was 13.2 seconds (SD, 3.8 seconds) and for paramedics, 15.9 seconds (SD, 4.3 seconds; P > .43). For VS, mean time for physicians was 26.0 seconds (SD, 10.0 seconds) and for paramedics, 25.7 seconds (SD, 8.6 seconds; P > .43). Conclusions: Intubation with DL in uncomplicated manikin airways was faster than with VS (P < .001). Success rates were equal. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Varney, Shawn M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium E, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Varney, SM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. EM shawn.varney@rmpdc.org NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 27 IS 3 BP 259 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2008.02.603 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 432SN UT WOS:000265154500001 PM 19328366 ER PT J AU Haggerty, PF Halsey, ES AF Haggerty, Paul F. Halsey, Eric S. TI Impervious SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HERPES-SIMPLEX; VIRUS; INFECTION; CIDOFOVIR; PATIENT; AIDS C1 [Haggerty, Paul F.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Halsey, Eric S.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Haggerty, PF (reprint author), 4881 Sugar Maple Dr,88th MDOS SGOMI, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM pfhaggerty@hotmail.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 122 IS 3 BP 239 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.11.007 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 416IF UT WOS:000263998500017 PM 19272483 ER PT J AU Korotkova, O Cai, Y Watson, E AF Korotkova, O. Cai, Y. Watson, E. TI Stochastic electromagnetic beams for LIDAR systems operating through turbulent atmosphere SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX OPTICAL-SYSTEMS; SCHELL-MODEL BEAMS; WAVE-PROPAGATION AB With the help of the generalized Huygens-Fresnel integral and the ABCD matrix approach a bistatic LIDAR system involving a rough target at a distant location in a turbulent atmosphere is modeled. The system operates by means of an optical beam which has arbitrary spectral composition, and states of coherence and polarization. The rough target is modeled as a combination of a Gaussian mirror and a thin phase screen which induces phase perturbations of the components of the electric field. The analytical form of the cross-spectral density matrix of the returned beam is determined, from which the effect of the rough target on the spectral density (intensity) and polarization of the returned wave is analyzed. C1 [Korotkova, O.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Cai, Y.] Suzhou Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Suzhou 215006, Peoples R China. [Watson, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Korotkova, O (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM korotkova@physics.miami.edu RI Cai, Yangjian/E-9745-2012 OI Cai, Yangjian/0000-0003-3440-7709 FU AFOSR [95500810102]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX O. Korotkova's research is funded by the AFOSR (Grant No. FA 95500810102). Y. Cai gratefully acknowledges the support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 94 IS 4 BP 681 EP 690 DI 10.1007/s00340-009-3404-4 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 416AB UT WOS:000263976500018 ER PT J AU Brajsa, R Wohl, H Hanslmeier, A Verbanac, G Ruzdjak, D Cliver, E Svalgaard, L Roth, M AF Brajsa, R. Woehl, H. Hanslmeier, A. Verbanac, G. Ruzdjak, D. Cliver, E. Svalgaard, L. Roth, M. TI On solar cycle predictions and reconstructions SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity ID MAXIMUM SUNSPOT NUMBER; FLUX-TRANSPORT DYNAMO; MAUNDER MINIMUM; AMPLITUDE; SOLAR-CYCLE-24; VARIABILITY; PRECURSOR; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES; FLUCTUATIONS AB Context. Generally, there are two procedures for solar cycle predictions: the empirical methods - statistical methods based on extrapolations and precursor methods - and methods based on dynamo models. Aims. The goal of the present analysis is to forecast the strength and epochs of the next solar cycle, to investigate proxies for grand solar minima and to reconstruct the relative sunspot number in the Maunder minimum. Methods. We calculate the asymmetry of the ascending and descending solar cycle phases (Method 1) and use this parameter as a proxy for solar activity on longer time scales. Further, we correlate the relative sunspot numbers in the epochs of solar activity minima and maxima (Method 2) and estimate the parameters of an autoregressive moving average model (ARMA, Method 3). Finally, the power spectrum of data obtained with the Method 1 is analysed and the Methods 1 and 3 are combined. Results. Signatures of the Maunder, Dalton and Gleissberg minima were found with Method 1. A period of about 70 years, somewhat shorter than the Gleissberg period was identified in the asymmetry data. The maximal smoothed monthly sunspot number during the Maunder minimum was reconstructed and found to be in the range 0-35 (Method 1). The estimated Wolf number (also called the relative sunspot number) of the next solar maximum is in the range 88-102 (Method 2). Method 3 predicts the next solar maximum between 2011 and 2012 and the next solar minimum for 2017. Also, it forecasts the relative sunspot number in the next maximum to be 90 +/- 27. A combination of the Methods 1 and 3 gives for the next solar maximum relative sunspot numbers between 78 and 99. Conclusions. The asymmetry parameter provided by Method 1 is a good proxy for solar activity in the past, also in the periods for which no relative sunspot numbers are available. Our prediction for the next solar cycle No. 24 is that it will be weaker than the last cycle, No. 23. This prediction is based on various independent methods. C1 [Brajsa, R.; Ruzdjak, D.] Univ Zagreb, Fac Geodesy, Hvar Observ, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Woehl, H.] Kiepenheuer Inst Sonnenphys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Hanslmeier, A.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, IGAM, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Verbanac, G.] Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Inst Geophys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Cliver, E.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Svalgaard, L.] Stanford Univ, HEPL, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Roth, M.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RP Brajsa, R (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Fac Geodesy, Hvar Observ, Kaciceva 26, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. EM romanb@geof.hr; hw@kis.uni-freiburg.de; arnold.hanslmeier@uni-graz.at; verbanac@irb.hr; rdomagoj@geof.hr; afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil; leif@leif.org; roth@mps.mpg.de FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA865507-1-3093]; Austrian-Croatian Bilateral Scientific Project [1] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA865507-1-3093. Also, the support from the Austrian-Croatian Bilateral Scientific Project No. 1 is acknowledged. We would like to thank Manfred Schussler and Jasa Calogovic for helpful comments and discussions, as well as the anonymous referee for many suggestions which have led to an improvement of the paper. NR 75 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 496 IS 3 BP 855 EP 861 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200810862 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 425VL UT WOS:000264665600029 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Gill, SA AF Fadare, Oluwole Gill, Stephen A. TI Synchronous Primary Breast and Ovarian Cancer with Ovarian Cancer Metastases to a Breast Sentinel Lymph Node SO BREAST JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Fadare, Oluwole; Gill, Stephen A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1075-122X J9 BREAST J JI Breast J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 204 EP 205 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2009.00699.x PG 2 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 417PG UT WOS:000264087900015 ER PT J AU Chen, QF Huang, L Lai, YC Dietz, D AF Chen, Qingfei Huang, Liang Lai, Ying-Cheng Dietz, David TI Dynamical mechanism of intrinsic localized modes in microelectromechanical oscillator arrays SO CHAOS LA English DT Article DE chaos; micromechanical devices; oscillators; spatiotemporal phenomena ID NONLINEAR LATTICES; CANTILEVER ARRAYS; BREATHERS; EXISTENCE; EQUATION; ENERGY AB Experimental evidence of intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) in microelectromechanical oscillator arrays has been reported recently. In this paper, we carry out a detailed analysis of a new mechanism for ILMs in typical experimental settings; that is, spatiotemporal chaos is ubiquitous and it provides a natural platform for actual realization of various ILMs through frequency control. We find that unstable periodic orbits associated with ILMs are pivotal for spatiotemporal chaos to arise and these orbits are the keys to stabilizing ILMs by frequency modulation. C1 [Chen, Qingfei; Huang, Liang; Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lai, Ying-Cheng] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Dietz, David] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chen, QF (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Huang, Liang/A-1671-2009 FU AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0024] FX This work was supported by AFOSR under Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0024. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 AR 013127 DI 10.1063/1.3078706 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 427KG UT WOS:000264777600027 PM 19334991 ER PT J AU Kim, S Burns, JT Gangloff, RP AF Kim, Sangshik Burns, James T. Gangloff, Richard P. TI Fatigue crack formation and growth from localized corrosion in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Material Damage Prognosis and Life-Cycle Engineering CY JUL 24-28, 2006 CL Snowmass, CO ID CORRODED 2024-T3 ALUMINUM; INITIAL FLAW SIZES; LIFE; PREDICTION; 7075-T6; DAMAGE; ALLOY; BEHAVIOR AB The effect of precorrosion on the fatigue life of aluminum alloy 7075-T6511 was measured, physical characteristics of corrosion topography plus fatigue damage were established by microscopy, and a corrosion modified equivalent initial flaw size (CM-EIFS) was established using fracture mechanics modeling. Fatigue life is reduced by clustered corrosion pits on the L-S surface from laboratory-EXCO exposure. Cracks initiate from pits clustered as a semi-elliptical surface micronotch rather than the deepest pits, consistent with shape-dependent stress intensity. Marker band analysis establishes that the number of cycles to form a crack about a pit cluster can be a significant fraction of total fatigue life. The CM-EIFS, back-calculated from fracture mechanics analysis of measured fatigue life, equals measured initiating-pit cluster size provided that important inputs are provided; such favorable comparison validates this approach to corrosion-fatigue interaction. Calculated CM-EIFS provides a metric to characterize alloy corrosion damage, and can be used to forward-model the effects of stress and loading environment on fatigue life distribution, critical for efficient alloy development. Use in prognosis of the fatigue performance of a service-corroded surface is hindered by uncertain non-destructive characterization of corrosion topography. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Burns, James T.; Gangloff, Richard P.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Kim, Sangshik] Gyeongsong Natl Univ, Engn Res Ctr, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Chinju, South Korea. [Burns, James T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Gangloff, RP (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM rpg7y@virginia.edu NR 58 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 76 IS 5 BP 651 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2008.11.005 PG 17 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 426VA UT WOS:000264735000005 ER PT J AU Jha, SK Larsen, JM Rosenberger, AH AF Jha, S. K. Larsen, J. M. Rosenberger, A. H. TI Towards a physics-based description of fatigue variability behavior in probabilistic life-prediction SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Material Damage Prognosis and Life-Cycle Engineering CY JUL 24-28, 2006 CL Snowmass, CO DE Fatigue variability; Life-prediction; Life-limiting mechanism; Probability of failure; alpha plus beta Titanium; Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo; Crack initiation; Crack growth; Worst-case fatigue ID CRACK INITIATION; TITANIUM-ALLOY; FAILURE MODES AB We describe fatigue lifetime variability as a separation/overlap of a crack growth controlled life-limiting mechanism and a mean-lifetime dominating behavior. We implement this description through a bimodal probability density representing the superposition of the crack growth and the mean-lifetime dominating densities. Using the alpha + beta titanium alloy Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo, it is shown that microstructure, temperature, and loading variables have different influences on the life-limiting (worst-case) vs. the mean-lifetime behavior. We suggest that this different rates of response may be related to the development of a series of deformation heterogeneity levels in the material at any given loading condition, which appears to present some probability of a predominantly crack growth controlled mechanism controlling the worst-case behavior. Based on the proposed description of fatigue variability, a procedure is presented for predicting the probability of failure from a relatively small number of experiments. This description appears to explain the fatigue variability trends reported in other studies and is shown to be especially relevant for reducing the uncertainty in prediction of useful fatigue lifetime for fracture-critical structures. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jha, S. K.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Larsen, J. M.; Rosenberger, A. H.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jha, SK (reprint author), Univ Technol Corp, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM sushant.jha@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 76 IS 5 BP 681 EP 694 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2008.10.013 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 426VA UT WOS:000264735000007 ER PT J AU Raney, NH Petersen, EJ Smith, TA Cowan, JE Rendeiro, DG Deyle, GD Childs, JD AF Raney, Nicole H. Petersen, Evan J. Smith, Tracy A. Cowan, James E. Rendeiro, Daniel G. Deyle, Gail D. Childs, John D. TI Development of a clinical prediction rule to identify patients with neck pain likely to benefit from cervical traction and exercise SO EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Neck pain; Classification; Cervical traction ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FEAR-AVOIDANCE BELIEFS; PHYSICAL-THERAPY; NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT; GENERAL-PRACTITIONER; MANIPULATIVE THERAPY; SPINAL MANIPULATION; OUTCOME MEASURES; DIAGNOSTIC-TEST AB The objective of the study was to develop a clinical prediction rule (CPR) to identify patients with neck pain likely to improve with cervical traction. The study design included prospective cohort of patients with neck pain referred to physical therapy. Development of a CPR will assist clinicians in classifying patients with neck pain likely to benefit from cervical traction. Eighty patients with neck pain received a standardized examination and then completed six sessions of intermittent cervical traction and cervical strengthening exercises twice weekly for 3 weeks. Patient outcome was classified at the end of treatment, based on perceived recovery according to the global rating of change. Patients who achieved a change a parts per thousand yen+6 ("A great deal better" or "A very great deal better") were classified as having a successful outcome. Univariate analyses (t tests and chi-square) were conducted on historical and physical examination items to determine potential predictors of successful outcome. Variables with a significance level of P a parts per thousand currency sign 0.15 were retained as potential prediction variables. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) were then calculated for all variables with a significant relationship with the reference criterion of successful outcome. Potential predictor variables were entered into a step-wise logistic regression model to determine the most accurate set of clinical examination items for prediction of treatment success. Sixty-eight patients (38 female) were included in data analysis of which 30 had a successful outcome. A CPR with five variables was identified: (1) patient reported peripheralization with lower cervical spine (C4-7) mobility testing; (2) positive shoulder abduction test; (3) age a parts per thousand yen55; (4) positive upper limb tension test A; and (5) positive neck distraction test. Having at least three out of five predictors present resulted in a +LR equal to 4.81 (95% CI = 2.17-11.4), increasing the likelihood of success with cervical traction from 44 to 79.2%. If at least four out of five variables were present, the +LR was equal to 23.1 (2.5-227.9), increasing the post-test probability of having improvement with cervical traction to 94.8%. This preliminary CPR provides the ability to a priori identify patients with neck pain likely to experience a dramatic response with cervical traction and exercise. Before the rule can be implemented in routine clinical practice, future studies are necessary to validate the rule. The CPR developed in this study may improve clinical decision-making by assisting clinicians in identifying patients with neck pain likely to benefit from cervical traction and exercise. C1 [Raney, Nicole H.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. [Petersen, Evan J.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, San Antonio, TX USA. [Smith, Tracy A.] US Sergeants Major Acad, Army Phys Fitness Res Inst, El Paso, TX USA. [Cowan, James E.] USN, Special Warfare Ctr, BUD S, Coronado, CA USA. [Rendeiro, Daniel G.] Carl R Darnall Army Med Ctr, Phys Therapy Serv, Ft Hood, TX USA. [Deyle, Gail D.] USA, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Childs, John D.] Baylor Univ, USA, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Raney, NH (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Phys Therapy, 134 Evans Ave, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. EM Sanantoniogirl1@hotmail.com; evan.petersen@amedd.army.mil; tracy.alexandra.smith@gmail.com; James.cowan@navsoc.socom.mil; Daniel.rendeiro@amedd.army.mil; gdeyle@satx.rr.com; childsjd@gmail.com FU Brooke Army Medical Center; Department of the Army; Department of the Air Force; Department of the Navy; Department of Defense FX This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army, Department of the Air Force, Department of the Navy, or the Department of Defense. NR 64 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6719 EI 1432-0932 J9 EUR SPINE J JI Eur. Spine J. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 18 IS 3 BP 382 EP 391 DI 10.1007/s00586-008-0859-7 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 414NE UT WOS:000263870200013 PM 19142674 ER PT J AU Eamsobhana, P Yoolek, A Kongkaew, W Lerdthusnee, K Khlaimanee, N Parsartvit, A Malainual, N Yong, HS AF Eamsobhana, Praphathip Yoolek, Adisak Kongkaew, Wittaya Lerdthusnee, Kriangkrai Khlaimanee, Nittaya Parsartvit, Anchana Malainual, Nat Yong, Hoi-Sen TI Laboratory evaluation of aromatic essential oils from thirteen plant species as candidate repellents against Leptotrombidium chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae), the vector of scrub typhus SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rickettsial disease; Chigger borne typhus; Larval trombiculid mite; Natural products; Aromatic oils of plants; Repellents ID TSUTSUGAMUSHI AB Scrub typhus, a rickettsial disease transmitted by several species of Leptotrombidium chiggers (larvae), is endemic in many areas of Asia. The disease is best prevented by the use of personal protective measures, including repellents. In this study commercially produced aromatic, essential oils of 13 plant species and ethanol (control) were tested in the laboratory for repellency against host-seeking chiggers of Leptotrombidium imphalum Vercammen-Grandjean and Langston (Acari: Trombiculidae). A rapid, simple and economic in vitro test method was used by exposing the chigger for up to 5 min. Repellency was based on relative percentages of chiggers attracted to test and control substances. Four of the 13 essential oils showed promise as effective repellent against L. imphalum chiggers. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) oil exhibited 100% repellency at 5% concentration (dilution with absolute ethanol), whereas Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil exhibited 100% repellency at 40% concentration. Undiluted oils of Zingiber cassamunar (plai) and Eucalyptus globules (blue gum) exhibited 100% repellency. Of the remaining nine essential oils, only 100% Pelargonium graveolens (geranium) exhibited > 50% repellency (viz. 57%). Styrax torkinensis (benzoin) oil did not exhibit any repellency. These findings show that several aromatic, essential oils of plants may be useful as chigger repellent for the prevention of scrub typhus. Syzygium aromaticum oil may be safer and more economical to prevent chigger attacks than commercially available synthetic chemicals, such as DEET that may have harmful side effects. C1 [Eamsobhana, Praphathip; Yoolek, Adisak; Kongkaew, Wittaya; Malainual, Nat] Mahidol Univ, Dept Parasitol, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Lerdthusnee, Kriangkrai; Khlaimanee, Nittaya] USAF, Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Parsartvit, Anchana] Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. [Yong, Hoi-Sen] Univ Malaya, Inst Biol Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. RP Eamsobhana, P (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Dept Parasitol, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. EM sipes@mahidol.ac.th RI Yong, Hoi Sen/C-1548-2010; Eamsobhana, Praphathip/H-3343-2012 OI Yong, Hoi Sen/0000-0002-9832-8826; FU Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand FX Financial support for this study was provided by a grant from the Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. The comments by the editor and reviewers have greatly improved the manuscript. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s10493-008-9214-2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 401WB UT WOS:000262972100008 PM 19009361 ER PT J AU Leger, JR Nilsson, J Huignard, JP Napartovich, AP Shay, TM Shirakawa, A AF Leger, James R. Nilsson, Johan Huignard, Jean Pierre Napartovich, Anatoly P. Shay, Thomas M. Shirakawa, Akira TI Introduction to the Issue on Laser Beam Combining and Fiber Laser Systems SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Leger, James R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Nilsson, Johan] Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Huignard, Jean Pierre] Thales Res & Technol, F-91767 Palaiseau, France. [Napartovich, Anatoly P.] Troitsk Inst Innovat & Thermonucl Res TRINITI, Troitsk 142190, Russia. [Shay, Thomas M.] USAF, Res Labs, DELO, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Shirakawa, Akira] Univ Electrocommun, Inst Laser Sci, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. RP Leger, JR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leger@umn.edu; jn@orc.soton.ac.uk; jean-pierre.huignard@thalesgroup.com; apn@triniti.ru; thomas.shay@kirtland.af.mil; akira@ils.uec.ac.jp RI Napartovich, Anatoly/C-1081-2016 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 237 EP 239 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2015363 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 435WB UT WOS:000265372900001 ER PT J AU Bochove, EJ Shakir, SA AF Bochove, Erik J. Shakir, Sami A. TI Analysis of a Spatial-Filtering Passive Fiber Laser Beam Combining System SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Fiber lasers; laser arrays; laser beam combination; phased arrays ID PHASE SUPERMODE SELECTION; ARRAY; LOCKING; POWER; AMPLIFIERS; QUALITY; CAVITY AB In this paper, a formulation of the cavity mode structure, loss, and beam quality of a ring-cavity fiber laser beam combining apparatus is developed, which shows that the resonator is rigorously single mode. The passive phasing property is clearly understood on the basis of the theory, and conditions are specified for a cavity that permits the attainment of optimum phasing conditions. An important result is that reduction of over-all cavity loss must be achieved at the price of reduction of maximum array size, although mitigated by the property that this loss occurs in the low-power feedback leg. Application of the analysis to specific examples gives the dependence of cavity loss and Strehl ratio on fiber and cavity properties. C1 [Bochove, Erik J.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Shakir, Sami A.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Informat Technol NGIT, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Bochove, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM erik.bochove@kirtland.af.mil; sami.shakir@ngc.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Joint Technology Office FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Joint Technology Office. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.2011999 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 435WB UT WOS:000265372900011 ER PT J AU Cocuzzi, MD Schepler, KL Powers, PE AF Cocuzzi, Matthew D. Schepler, Kenneth L. Powers, Peter E. TI Narrow-Bandwidth, Subnanosecond, Infrared Pulse Generation in PPLN Pumped by a Fiber Amplifier-Microchip Oscillator SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Laser tuning; nonlinear optics; optical fiber amplifiers ID PERIODICALLY POLED LINBO3; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; PARAMETRIC GENERATOR; LASERS AB Narrow-bandwidth, 0.5 ns IR pulses were achieved in a periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric generator (PPLN OPG). The OPG was pumped at 7.14 kHz by a Yb-doped fiber amplifier and a microchip Nd:YAG oscillator. Bandwidth was reduced from 3.6 nm to 55 pm using a continuous-wave (CW) 1.5-mu m seed beam guided through the fiber amplifier. C1 [Cocuzzi, Matthew D.; Schepler, Kenneth L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Powers, Peter E.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Powers, Peter E.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Cocuzzi, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.cocuzzi@wpafb.af.mil; kenneth.schepler@wpafb.af.mil; peter.powers@notes.udayton.edu RI Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 FU U.S. Department of Defense, Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Defense, Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 372 EP 376 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.2011285 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 435WB UT WOS:000265372900017 ER PT J AU Massey, SM Russell, TH AF Massey, Steven M. Russell, Timothy H. TI The Effect of Phase Conjugation Fidelity on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Threshold SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Brillouin scattering; nonlinear optics; phase conjugation ID OSCILLATOR-POWER-AMPLIFIER; OPTICAL-FIBER; MIRROR; REDUCTION; LASER; SBS; FEEDBACK; CLEANUP; CAVITY; LONG AB We present the effect of phase conjugation fidelity on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold in a multimode optical fiber. As fiber lengths decrease and phase conjugation fidelity increases, SBS threshold is observed to increase at a slower rate than that predicted by equations derived for single-mode fibers with an inverse dependence on fiber length. The deviation in threshold from standard models is shown to have a direct relationship to the phase conjugation fidelity. C1 [Massey, Steven M.; Russell, Timothy H.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Massey, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl@kirtland.af.mil; timothy.russell@pentagon.af.mil FU High-Energy Laser Joint Technology Office FX This work was supported in part by the High-Energy Laser Joint Technology Office. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2013180 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 435WB UT WOS:000265372900021 ER PT J AU Dajani, I Zeringue, C Shay, TM AF Dajani, Iyad Zeringue, Clint Shay, Thomas M. TI Investigation of Nonlinear Effects in Multitone-Driven Narrow-Linewidth High-Power Amplifiers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Four-wave mixing; nonlinear optics; stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS); Yb-doped fiber amplifiers AB In this paper, we investigate two approaches to multitone seeding of high-power ytterbium-doped amplifiers using a symbolic and numerical code that solves a two-point boundary problem. Optimization of amplifier action through wavelength separation and/or seed power ratios is considered in relation to the two most dominant nonlinear effects: stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and four-wave mixing. One approach uses a large wavelength separation among the input signals, while the other approach entails that the wavelength separation is set to twice the Brillouin shift. Both techniques are shown to mitigate SBS effects 9 although for the latter case, four-wave mixing sidebands can carry a substantial amount of power. C1 [Dajani, Iyad; Zeringue, Clint; Shay, Thomas M.] USAF, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Zeringue, Clint; Shay, Thomas M.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Dajani, I (reprint author), USAF, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM iyad.dajani@kirtland.af.mil; clint.zeringue@kirtland.af.mil; thomas.shay@kirtland.af.mil NR 12 TC 37 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 406 EP 414 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.2011497 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 435WB UT WOS:000265372900022 ER PT J AU Reeder, MF AF Reeder, Mark F. TI Untitled SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICRO AIR VEHICLES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Reeder, MF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1756-8293 J9 INT J MICRO AIR VEH JI Int. J. Micro Air Veh. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP I EP I PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V24QU UT WOS:000208425700001 ER PT J AU Krashanitsa, RY Silin, D Shkarayev, SV Abate, G AF Krashanitsa, Roman Y. Silin, Dmitro Shkarayev, Sergey V. Abate, Gregg TI Flight Dynamics of a Flapping-Wing Air Vehicle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICRO AIR VEHICLES LA English DT Article DE flapping; flight; ornithopter; dynamics; wind tunnel; stability; experiments AB The research and development efforts presented in this paper address the flight dynamics of a flapping-wing air vehicle (ornithopter). The 74-cm-wing-span ornithopter was equipped with an automatic flight control system that provides stability augmentation and navigation of the vehicle and flight data acquisition. Wind tunnel tests were conducted with the control surfaces fixed in the trimmed position and flapping motion of the wings activated by a motor at a constant throttle setting. Coefficients of vertical and horizontal force, and pitching moment were determined at a free stream velocity of 7.25 m/sec, and the angle of the stroke plane varied from 0 to 40 degrees. A series of flight tests were conducted with fixed controls, demonstrating ornithopter stability in all axes. Proportional control laws were programmed into the autopilot for the closed-loop controls. A number of flights of the autonomous ornithopter were conducted with the telemetry acquisition. During the autonomous flights, the ornithopter performed waypoint and altitude navigation, demonstrating stable performance. C1 [Krashanitsa, Roman Y.; Silin, Dmitro; Shkarayev, Sergey V.] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Abate, Gregg] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Krashanitsa, RY (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL FX This work has been sponsored under a research grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL. The authors also would like to thank David Addai and Gavin Kumar for their contributions to the flight experiments. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1756-8293 J9 INT J MICRO AIR VEH JI Int. J. Micro Air Veh. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1260/1756-8293.1.1.35 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V24QU UT WOS:000208425700004 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Ifju, P AF Stanford, Bret Ifju, Peter TI Multi-Objective Topology Optimization of Wing Skeletons for Aeroelastic Membrane Structures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICRO AIR VEHICLES LA English DT Article AB This work considers the multi-objective aeroelastic optimization of a membrane micro air vehicle wing through topology optimization. The low aspect ratio wing is discretized into panels: a two material formulation on the wetted surface is used, where each panel can be membrane (wing skin) or carbon fiber (laminate reinforcement). An analytical sensitivity analysis of the aeroelastic system is used for the gradient-based optimization of aerodynamic objective functions. An explicit penalty is added, as needed, to force the structure to a 0-1 distribution. Pareto trade-off curves are constructed by considering convex combinations of two disparate lift, drag, or pitching moment-based objective functions. The general relationship between spatial stiffness distribution (wing topology) and aerodynamic performance is discussed, followed by the Pareto optimality of the computed designs over a series of baseline wing structures. The work concludes with an experimental validation of the superiority of select optimal designs. C1 [Stanford, Bret; Ifju, Peter] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), USAF, Natl Res Council, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bstan@ufl.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the MURI program [F49620-03-1-0381] FX This work was jointly supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the MURI program F49620-03-1-0381. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1756-8293 J9 INT J MICRO AIR VEH JI Int. J. Micro Air Veh. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 51 EP 69 DI 10.1260/1756-8293.1.1.51 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V24QU UT WOS:000208425700005 ER PT J AU Uchic, MD Shade, PA Dimiduk, DM AF Uchic, Michael D. Shade, Paul A. Dimiduk, Dennis M. TI Micro-compression testing of fcc metals: A selected overview of experiments and simulations SO JOM LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE DISLOCATION SIMULATIONS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION; NICKEL MICROCRYSTALS; YIELD STRENGTH; SIZE; SCALE; PILLARS; COPPER AB Micro-compression tests allow for the direct measurement of stress-strain behavior in volumes of material that have microscale dimensions. Initial studies worldwide have focused on the exploration of size-scale effects, where sample dimensions at the micrometer-and sub-micrometer scale can dramatically affect the fundamental processes of plastic deformation. Importantly, this scale of test volume can be directly modeled using state-of-the-art discrete dislocation simulations, the results of which have been essential to understanding the changes that can occur to dislocation mechanisms within small volumes. This combination of miniaturized testing and modeling that closely mimics these experiments provides a new pathway to characterize plastic fl ow on a highly localized basis. C1 [Uchic, Michael D.; Dimiduk, Dennis M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shade, Paul A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.uchic@wpafb.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 FU AFRL/RX Science and Technology for the 21st Century Program; Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX The authors have been supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. PAS also acknowledges support from the AFRL/RX Science and Technology for the 21st Century Program. The authors also thank Triplicane Parthasarathy, Satish Rao, and Chris Woodward for their contributions toward preparing this manuscript. NR 41 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2009 VL 61 IS 3 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s11837-009-0038-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 415XE UT WOS:000263969000005 ER PT J AU Boelens, OJ Badcock, KJ Gortz, S Morton, S Fritz, W Karman, SL Michal, T Lamar, JE AF Boelens, O. J. Badcock, K. J. Gortz, S. Morton, S. Fritz, W. Karman, S. L., Jr. Michal, T. Lamar, J. E. TI F-16XL Geometry and Computational Grids Used in Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 45th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 08-11, 2007 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The objective of the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International was to allow a comprehensive validation of computational fluid dynamics methods against the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project flight database. A major part of this work involved the generation of high-quality computational grids. Before the grid generation, an airtight geometry of the F-16XL, aircraft was generated by a cooperation of the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International partners. Based on this geometry description, both structured and unstructured grids have been generated. The baseline structured (multiblock) grid (and a family of derived grids) has been generated by the National Aerospace Laboratory. Although the algorithms used by the National Aerospace Laboratory had become available just before the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International and thus only a limited experience with their application to such a complex configuration had been gained, a grid of good quality was generated well within four weeks. This time compared favorably with that required to produce the unstructured grids in the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International. The baseline all-tetrahedral and hybrid unstructured grids have been generated at NASA Langley Research Center and the U.S. Air Force Academy, respectively. To provide more geometrical resolution, trimmed unstructured grids have been generated at the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company's Military Air Systems, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga SimCenter, Boeing Phantom Works, Royal Institute of Technology, and the Swedish Defence Research Agency. All grids generated within the framework of the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International will be discussed in the paper. Both results obtained on the structured grids and the unstructured grids showed a significant improvement in agreement with flight-test data in comparison with those obtained on the structured multiblock grid used during the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project. C1 [Boelens, O. J.] NLR, Natl Aerosp Lab, Dept Flight Phys & Loads, Aerosp Vehicles Div, NL-1006 BM Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Badcock, K. J.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Computat Fluid Dynam Lab, Liverpool L69 7BZ, Merseyside, England. [Gortz, S.] Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Morton, S.] USAF, Seek Eagle Off, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Fritz, W.] European Aeronaut Def & Space Co, Unit OPEA31, D-81633 Munich, Germany. [Karman, S. L., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Computat Engn, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. [Lamar, J. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Configurat Aerodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Boelens, OJ (reprint author), NLR, Natl Aerosp Lab, Dept Flight Phys & Loads, Aerosp Vehicles Div, POB 90502, NL-1006 BM Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM boelens@nlr.nl; K.J.Badcock@liverpool.ac.uk; Stefan.Goertz@dlr.de; Scott.Morton@eglin.af.mil; willy.fritz@cads.com; Steve-Karman@utc.edu; todd.r.michal@boeing.com; johnelamar@verizon.net NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.2514/1.34852 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 428OR UT WOS:000264858800003 ER PT J AU Gortz, S Jirasek, A Morton, SA McDaniel, DR Cummings, RM Lamar, JE Abdol-Hamid, KS AF Gortz, Stefan Jirasek, A. Morton, Scott. A. McDaniel, David R. Cummings, Russell M. Lamar, John E. Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S. TI Standard Unstructured Grid Solutions for Cranked Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International F-16XL SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE MODELS; SIMULATION AB Steady and unsteady viscous flow simulations of a full-scale, semispan, and full-span model of the F-16XL-1 aircraft are performed with three different computational fluid dynamics codes using a common unstructured grid. Six different flight conditions are considered. They represent Reynolds and Mach number combinations at subsonic speeds, with and without sideslip. The steady computations of the flow at these flight conditions are made with several Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence models of different complexity. Detached-eddy simulation, delayed detached-eddy simulation, and an algebraic hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes/large-eddy simulation model are used to quantify unsteady effects at the same flight conditions. The computed results are compared with flight-test data in the form of surface pressures, skin friction, and boundary-layer velocity profiles. The focus of the comparison is on turbulence modeling effects and effects of unsteadiness. The overall agreement with flight data is good, with no clear trend as to which physical modeling approach is superior for this class of flow. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence models perform well in predicting the flow in an average sense. However, some of the flow conditions involve locally unsteady flow over the aircraft, which are held responsible for the scatter between the different turbulence modeling approaches. The detached-eddy simulations are able to quantify the unsteady effects, although they are not consistently better than the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence models in predicting the flow in an average sense in these flow regions. Detached-eddy simulation fails to predict boundary-layer profiles consistently over a range of flow regimes, with delayed detached-eddy simulation and hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes/large-eddy simulation models offering a remedy to recover some of the predictive capabilities of the underlying Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence model. Nonetheless, the confidence in the predictive capabilities of the computational fluid dynamics codes with regard to complex vortical flowfields around high-performance aircraft of this planform increased significantly during this study. C1 [Gortz, Stefan] KTH, Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Jirasek, A.] FOI, Swedish Def Res Agcy, S-16490 Stockholm, Sweden. [Morton, Scott. A.] USAF, SEEK EAGLE Off, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [McDaniel, David R.; Cummings, Russell M.] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Configurat Aerodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Gortz, S (reprint author), DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, Lilienthalpl 7, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 385 EP 408 DI 10.2514/1.35163 PG 24 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 428OR UT WOS:000264858800005 ER PT J AU Jirasek, A Amoignon, O AF Jirasek, Adam Amoignon, Olivier TI Design of a High-Lift System with Droop Nose Device SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID FLOW-CONTROL; MODEL C1 [Amoignon, Olivier] Swedish Def Res Agcy, FOI, Dept Syst Technol, SE-16490 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Jirasek, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU European Commission FX This work was financed by the European Commission under the European project New Aircraft Concept Research, NACRE. The authors would like to acknowledge Lasse Tyssel, Ulf Tengzelius, Ola Hamner, and Per-Ake Torlund from FOI. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 731 EP 735 DI 10.2514/1.41520 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 428OR UT WOS:000264858800045 ER PT J AU Longacre, EG AF Longacre, Edward G. TI General Lee's Army: From Victory to Collapse SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Longacre, Edward G.] Headquarters Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Longacre, EG (reprint author), Headquarters Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 USA SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1177 EP 1178 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 419JQ UT WOS:000264216000075 ER PT J AU Lewis, WK Rumchik, CG AF Lewis, W. K. Rumchik, C. G. TI Measurement of apparent temperature in post-detonation fireballs using atomic emission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic emission spectroscopy; detonation; explosions; explosives; fires; temperature measurement; time resolved spectra ID PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TRANSITION AB The energy release dynamics of explosives are of ongoing interest, but the short timescales involved often limit the measurements that can be made during these processes. We have used atomic emission spectroscopy to measure the temperature of fireballs resulting from detonation of charges of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine doped with barium nitrate. The time-averaged emission spectra indicate an apparent temperature of similar to 3000 K, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The technique demonstrated herein should be applicable to time-resolved studies, including those on detonation timescales. C1 [Lewis, W. K.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Rumchik, C. G.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Lewis, WK (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM lewiswik@notes.udayton.edu NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 5 AR 056104 DI 10.1063/1.3089251 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 418NZ UT WOS:000264156300114 ER PT J AU Bryan, CJ Morrow, C Appolonio, KK AF Bryan, Craig J. Morrow, Chad Appolonio, Kathryn Kanzler TI Impact of Behavioral Health Consultant Interventions on Patient Symptoms and Functioning in an Integrated Family Medicine Clinic SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE primary care; treatment outcomes; phase model; psychotherapy process ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; COLLABORATIVE CARE; SUDDEN GAINS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; COGNITIVE THERAPY; PANIC DISORDER; DEPRESSION; PSYCHOTHERAPY; PROGRAM AB Patterns of symptomatic and functional change associated with behavioral health consultant (BHC) intervention in an integrated family medicine clinic were investigated among 338 primary care patients under routine conditions without exclusion. Patients were referred to the BHC by primary care providers (PCPs) and participated in one to four brief, behaviorally oriented appointments in primary care. The Behavioral Health Measure-20 (BHM) was completed at each appointment. Results indicated that higher levels of distress at baseline were associated with more follow-up appointments, and that patients demonstrated simultaneous, clinically meaningful improvement in well-being, symptoms, and functioning in as few as two to three BHC appointments. Patterns of clinical improvement support the effectiveness of BHC interventions, but contradict the phase model of psychotherapy (Howard, Lueger, Maling, & Martinovich, 1993). (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:281-293, 2009. C1 [Bryan, Craig J.; Morrow, Chad; Appolonio, Kathryn Kanzler] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), Kelly Family Med Clin, 204 Paul Wagner Dr, San Antonio, TX 78241 USA. EM craig.bryan@us.af.mil OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9762 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOL JI J. Clin. Psychol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 65 IS 3 BP 281 EP 293 DI 10.1002/jclp.20539 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 407RQ UT WOS:000263382400005 PM 19152340 ER PT J AU Goodie, JL Isler, WC Hunter, C Peterson, AL AF Goodie, Jeffrey L. Isler, William C. Hunter, Christopher Peterson, Alan L. TI Using Behavioral Health Consultants to Treat Insomnia in Primary Care: A Clinical Case Series SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insomnia; primary care; integrated care ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHRONIC PAIN; SLEEP DISTURBANCES; TREATMENT EFFICACY; SECONDARY; THERAPY; METAANALYSIS; DISORDERS; PARAMETERS; LIFE AB Cognitive-behavioral treatments for insomnia are as effective as medications and have longer lasting effects. The current study used a clinical case series design to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief behavioral intervention for insomnia delivered in a non-research, real-world family medicine clinical setting. Participants included 29 sleep-impaired patients who were seen regardless of their comorbid conditions. The treatment included three brief visits with a behavioral health consultant (BHC), plus the provision of a self-help insomnia-treatment book. At posttreatment 83% of participants achieved a mean sleep efficiency >85%, as compared to only 14% at baseline. Limited-contact behavioral treatment of insomnia delivered by BHCs within a collaborative care family medicine clinic effectively reduced symptoms of insomnia, regardless of comorbid medical diagnoses. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:294-304, 2009. C1 [Goodie, Jeffrey L.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Goodie, Jeffrey L.; Isler, William C.; Hunter, Christopher; Peterson, Alan L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Goodie, JL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Room A1038,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jgoodie@usuhs.mil NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-9762 EI 1097-4679 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOL JI J. Clin. Psychol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 65 IS 3 SI SI BP 294 EP 304 DI 10.1002/jclp.20548 PG 11 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 407RQ UT WOS:000263382400006 PM 19152339 ER PT J AU Li, K Gao, XL Fielding, JC Tolle, TB AF Li, K. Gao, X. -L Fielding, J. C. Tolle, T. Benson TI Modeling of Electrical Conductivity of Nickel Nanostrand Filled Polymer Matrix Composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Polymer Nanocomposites; Nickel Nanostrands; Electrical Conductivity; Voronoi Tessellation; Resistor Network Theory; Percolation; Effective Medium ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CELLULAR SOLIDS; PERCOLATION; NETWORKS AB A microstructure-based model for predicting the effective electrical conductivity of nickel nanostrand filled polymer composites is developed by using the Voronoi tessellation technique and the resistor network theory. To simulate the microstructures of nanostrand networks, Voronoi diagrams with different degrees of cell shape irregularity (amplitude a) and cell wall thickness non-uniformity (amplitude b) are generated by perturbing a regular packing of seeds. Ten resistor networks are constructed for each type of nanostrand network samples (with the same value of a or b) to obtain the mean value and standard deviation of the effective electrical conductivity. Kallmes and Corte's statistical model is employed to relate the utilized volume fraction and the initial volume fraction of nanostrands. The simulation results indicate that the effective electrical conductivity decreases as cell shapes (i.e., nanostrand spatial arrangement) become more irregular or cell wall thickness (i.e., nanostrand diameter) becomes less uniform. The use of a regular hexagonal network (lattice) of nanostrands can lead to a moderate improvement in the conductivity over that of a completely random network. The values of conductivity predicted by the current model are found to agree fairly well with existing experimental data and predictions based on the Monte Carlo technique. In addition, it is revealed that the polymer nanocomposites behave isotropically in terms of its electrical conductivity regardless of changes in the cell shape irregularity and the nanostrand volume fraction. C1 [Li, K.; Gao, X. -L] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fielding, J. C.; Tolle, T. Benson] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gao, XL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 3123 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 494 EP 504 DI 10.1166/jctn.2009.1060 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 435MZ UT WOS:000265349300003 ER PT J AU Rasdorf, W Hummer, JE Harris, EA Sitzabee, WE AF Rasdorf, William Hummer, Joseph E. Harris, Elizabeth A. Sitzabee, William E. TI IT Issues for the Management of High-Quantity, Low-Cost Assets SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering CY JUL 24-27, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP ASCE AB Transportation infrastructure asset management efforts have historically focused on collecting data on assets with high capital costs, such as bridges and pavements. Road signs and pavement markings, on the other hand, are high quantity, low capital cost assets but are also critical elements of the transportation infrastructure. These high quantity assets serve a critical function, safety, and thus they are receiving attention. Mandated by law, the Federal Highway Administration has been working to establish minimum retroreflectivity standards for signs and pavement markings. This paper seeks to address the information technology (IT) problems that emerge when developing an overall asset management system for high-quantity, low-cost assets. These IT problems include asset identification, asset location, data availability, data fragmentation, and automated data collection. A discussion of the issues related to these problems is presented to promote awareness of the myriad problems that do exist and to facilitate the development of more comprehensive systems to manage the automation of infrastructure asset management systems. C1 [Sitzabee, William E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, USAF, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Rasdorf, W (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, USAF, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rasdorf@eos.ncsu.edu; hummer@eos.ncsu.edu; liz_harris@ncsu.edu; wsitzabee@nc.rr.com NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3801 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2009)23:2(91) PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 408AY UT WOS:000263406700005 ER PT J AU Hughes, JM Fallis, DW Peel, JL Murchison, DF AF Hughes, Janeen M. Fallis, Drew W. Peel, Jennifer L. Murchison, David F. TI Learning Styles of Orthodontic Residents SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE dental residency; orthodontics; technology; survey education; teaching; learning ID EDUCATION; VALIDITY AB Significant challenges face many orthodontic residency Programs, Particularly a shortage of full-time experienced facutly members. Due to this Shortage, it is critical that program directors design comprehensive curricula that incorporate the most effective and efficient teaching, methods. It is theorized that teaching effectiveness and efficiency are optimized when the course design and content closely match students' learning preferences. This survey study was designed to distinguish the learning preferences of orthodontic residents utilizing Felder and Soloman's Index of Learning Styles, which assesses student learning preferences in four dimensions using dichotomous scales. thereby Providing insight into how teaching Strategies can best be structured. As a secondary focus. additional questions oil the survey were asked to gain information about residents' access to the Internet and comfort level with online learning so as to address acceptance of web-based courses in response to the shortage of full-time faculty members. Orthodontic residents. contacted via email. were requested to complete all online survey: 261 responses were collected The results indicate that orthodontic residents are highly visual learners and show a Preference for sensing, and sequential learning strategies. In terms of information technology, the residents are comfortable with and have adequate access to current technological assets: therefore. they, may be well suited for inclusion Of computer-based teaching modules and other multimedia devices ill their residency curriculum. C1 [Peel, Jennifer L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Off Grad Med Educ, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Hughes, Janeen M.; Fallis, Drew W.] Tri Serv Orthodont Residency Program, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Murchison, David F.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Peel, JL (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Off Grad Med Educ, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,Mail Code 7790, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM peelj@uthscsa.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL EDUCATION ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K STREET, NW, STE 1100, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0022-0337 J9 J DENT EDUC JI J. Dent. Educ. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 73 IS 3 BP 319 EP 327 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 421BT UT WOS:000264333600004 PM 19289721 ER PT J AU Grimm, JW Wells, JL AF Grimm, Jason W. Wells, Jeffrey L. TI ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: AN ETHICAL DILEMMA FOR NURSES? SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY NURSING LA English DT Article ID CARE C1 [Grimm, Jason W.] USAF, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Wells, Jeffrey L.] USA, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Grimm, JW (reprint author), 13000 Vista Norte,Apt 1425, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. EM jasonwgrimm@aol.com NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-1767 J9 J EMERG NURS JI J. Emerg. Nurs. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 2 BP 127 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.jen.2008.08.018 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine; Nursing SC Emergency Medicine; Nursing GA 426TU UT WOS:000264731600013 PM 19285176 ER PT J AU Carson, KS Chilton, SM Hutchinson, WG AF Carson, Katherine Silz Chilton, Susan M. Hutchinson, W. George TI Necessary conditions for demand revelation in double referenda SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Contingent valuation; Demand revelation; Consequential double referendum ID CHOICE CONTINGENT VALUATION; DICHOTOMOUS CHOICE; EFFICIENCY; BIAS AB This paper demonstrates a set of necessary conditions that should generate unbiased, internally consistent estimates of willingness to pay (WTP) from a double referendum mechanism. These conditions are also sufficient for demand revelation in an experimental laboratory environment. However, the control over the mechanism achieved in the lab may not be transferrable to the field and WTP estimates derived from field surveys may remain biased. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Carson, Katherine Silz] USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geosci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Chilton, Susan M.] Univ Newcastle, Business Sch Econ, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Hutchinson, W. George] Queens Univ Belfast, Gibson Inst Land Food & Environm, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Carson, KS (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geosci, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6K110, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM kate.carson@usafa.edu OI Silz Carson, Katherine/0000-0002-2446-1368; Hutchinson, W George/0000-0003-0028-7868 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.jeem.2008.07.005 PG 7 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 429FU UT WOS:000264907100008 ER PT J AU Lappas, V Richie, D Hall, C Fausz, J Wilson, B AF Lappas, V. Richie, D. Hall, C. Fausz, J. Wilson, B. TI Survey of Technology Developments in Flywheel Attitude Control and Energy Storage Systems SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CONTROL-MOMENT GYROS; ROTATING MACHINES; SINGULARITY ANALYSIS; POWER TRACKING; CONTAINMENT; SATELLITES AB Advances in microprocessors and composite materials in the past decade, along with limitations of chemical batteries for U.S. Air Force mission concepts, have caused a renewed interest in flywheel energy storage systems for space applications. This interest has also been driven in the past by the promise of using flywheel systems for energy storage and as attitude control actuators. The primary issues are power efficiency, mass and size, and long-term stability. Flywheels as one-to-one replacements for spacecraft batteries are competitive for only a few special missions. When flywheels replace components in two major bus subsystems, the potential mass and volume benefits are attractive. This especially benefits future small satellite missions that seek agile stewing with high peak power. The objective of this paper is to describe the progression of the flywheel technology state of the art for combined energy storage and attitude control systems in space applications and the current energy storage and attitude control systems efforts. C1 [Lappas, V.; Richie, D.] Univ Surrey, Surrey Space Ctr, Surrey GU2 7XH, England. [Hall, C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fausz, J.; Wilson, B.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Fausz, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Flywheel Attitude Control Energy Transmiss & Stor, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lappas, V (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Surrey Space Ctr, Surrey GU2 7XH, England. FU European Office of Aerospace Research Development; Prassinos (Surrey Space Centre) FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions to the IPACS research efforts of V, Babuska, R. Fluentes, S. Beatty, and D. Corsino of AFRL and C. Potter of Honeywell, Inc., (Tempe, Arizona). Also, the funding support of B. Flake from the European Office of Aerospace Research & Development and the technical expertise provided by G. Prassinos (Surrey Space Centre) are gratefully appreciated. NR 72 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 354 EP 365 DI 10.2514/1.32092 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 422FP UT WOS:000264413200001 ER PT J AU Fiorentini, L Serrani, A Bolender, MA Doman, DB AF Fiorentini, Lisa Serrani, Andrea Bolender, Michael A. Doman, David B. TI Nonlinear Robust Adaptive Control of Flexible Air-Breathing Hypersonic Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CONTROL DESIGN; AIRCRAFT; MODEL; GUIDANCE; DYNAMICS AB This paper describes the design of a nonlinear robust adaptive controller for a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle model. Because of the complexity of a first-principle model of the vehicle dynamics, a control-oriented model is adopted for design and stability analysis. This simplified model retains the dominant features of the higher-fidelity model, including the nonminimum phase behavior of the flight-path angle dynamics, the flexibility effects, and the strong coupling between the engine and flight dynamics. A combination of nonlinear sequential loop closure and adaptive dynamic inversion is adopted for the design of a dynamic state-feedback controller that provides stable tracking of the velocity and altitude reference trajectories and imposes a desired set point for the angle of attack. A complete characterization of the internal dynamics of the model is derived for a Lyapunov-based stability analysis of the closed-loop system, which includes the structural dynamics. The proposed methodology addresses the issue of stability robustness with respect to both parametric model uncertainty, which naturally arises when adopting reduced-complexity models for control design, and dynamic perturbations due to the flexible dynamics. Simulation results from the full nonlinear model show the effectiveness of the controller. C1 [Fiorentini, Lisa; Serrani, Andrea] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bolender, Michael A.; Doman, David B.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorentini, L (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Fiorentini, Lisa/G-1219-2014 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the Collaborative Center of Control Science at Ohio State University [F33615-01-2-3154]; Michigan/U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Collaborative Center in Control Science FX This work has been supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the Collaborative Center of Control Science at Ohio State University (contract F33615-01-2-3154) and a subcontract from the Michigan/U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Collaborative Center in Control Science. The authors would also like to thank David Sigthorsson for developing the curve-fitted model. NR 35 TC 99 Z9 120 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 402 EP 417 DI 10.2514/1.39210 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 422FP UT WOS:000264413200006 ER PT J AU Jorris, TR Cobb, RG AF Jorris, Timothy R. Cobb, Richard G. TI Three-Dimensional Trajectory Optimization Satisfying Waypoint and No-Fly Zone Constraints SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Mackinac Isl, MI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Amer Astronaut Soc ID ENTRY GUIDANCE; AIR VEHICLES; COLLOCATION; SYSTEMS; SHUTTLE; DESIGN AB To support the U.S. Air Force's global reach concept, a Common Aero, Vehicle is being designed to support the global strike mission. Waypoints are specified for reconnaissance or multiple payload deployments and no-fly zones are specified for geopolitical restrictions or threat avoidance. Because of time critical targets and multiple scenario analysis, an autonomous solution is preferred over a time-intensive, manually Iterative one. Thus, it real-time or near real-time autonomous trajectory optimization technique is presented to minimize the flight time, satisfy terminal and Intermediate constraints, and remain within the specified vehicle heating and control limitations. This research uses the hypersonic cruise vehicle as a simplified two-dimensional platform to compute an optimal analytical solution. An up-and-coming numerical technique is it direct solution method involving discretization and then dualization, with pseudospectral methods and nonlinear programming used to converge to the optimal solution. This numerical technique Is first compared to the previously derived 2-D hypersonic cruise vehicle analytical results to demonstrate convergence to the optimal solution. Then, the numerical approach is applied to the 3-D Common Aero Vehicle as the test platform for the flat Earth three-dimensional reentry trajectory optimization problem. The culmination of this research is the verification or the optimality or this proposed numerical technique, as shown for both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional models. Additionally, user Implementation strategies art, presented to improve accuracy, enhance solution convergence, and facilitate autonomous implementation. C1 [Jorris, Timothy R.; Cobb, Richard G.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jorris, TR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.jorris@us.af.mil; richard.cobb@afit.edu NR 78 TC 29 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 551 EP 572 DI 10.2514/1.37030 PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 422FP UT WOS:000264413200019 ER PT J AU Waishek, J Dogan, A Blake, W AF Waishek, Jayme Dogan, Atilla Blake, William TI Derivation of the Dynamics Equations of Receiver Aircraft in Aerial Refueling SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 45th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 08-11, 2007 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID FLIGHT CONTROL; MOTION; INTERFERENCE; ROCKET; TANKER AB A set of equations of motion is derived for an aircraft undergoing aerial refueling. The equations include the time-varying mass and inertia associated with fuel transfer as well as the vortex-induced wind effect from the tanker. They are derived in terms of the translational and rotational position and velocity of the receiver with respect to the tanker. The equations of motion are implemented in an integrated simulation environment with a feedback controller for receiver station keeping as well as a feedback controller to fly the tanker on a U-turn maneuver. C1 [Waishek, Jayme; Dogan, Atilla] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Blake, William] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Waishek, J (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. OI Dogan, Atilla/0000-0002-6283-2086 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 586 EP 598 DI 10.2514/1.35892 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 422FP UT WOS:000264413200021 ER PT J AU Han, LH Wang, W Lu, YL Knize, RJ Reinhardt, K Howell, J Chen, SC AF Han, Li-Hsin Wang, Wei Lu, Yalin Knize, R. J. Reinhardt, Kitt Howell, John Chen, Shaochen TI Analytical and Experimental Investigations of Electromagnetic Field Enhancement Among Nanospheres With Varying Spacing SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer International Conference CY JAN 06-09, 2008 CL Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan, TAIWAN SP ASME, Nanotechnol Inst, ASME, Heat Transfer Div HO Natl Cheng Kung Univ DE gold; infrared spectra; Mie scattering; nanostructured materials; visible spectra ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB A modified Mie scattering theory was used to calculate the enhancement of electromagnetic (EM) field between gold nanospheres. The simulation result showed that the density of EM-energy in the space between neighboring nanospheres increases drastically as the interparticle space decreases. Simulated absorption-spectra also showed a peak-shifting from the visible to the infrared region when decreasing the nanosphere spacing. We used our previous experiment to verify the analytical results; the experiment was conducted by using a photodeformable microshell, which was coated with gold nanospheres. Made of photoshrinkable azobenzene polyelectrolytes, the microshells supported the gold nanospheres and gave the tunability of the interparticle spacing among the nanospheres. Upon irradiation of ultraviolet light, the microshells shrank and reduced the interparticle space. The absorption-spectra of the gradually shrinking microshells showed significant changes; a peak-broadening from the visible to the near-infrared region and a drastically enhanced water-absorption were observed in the experimental spectra. The experimental results confirmed the analytical analysis based on the modified scattering theory. C1 [Han, Li-Hsin; Wang, Wei; Howell, John; Chen, Shaochen] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lu, Yalin; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] AFOSR NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Chen, SC (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM scchen@mail.utexas.edu RI Han, Li-Hsin/C-5440-2015 OI Han, Li-Hsin/0000-0002-0135-2863 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3 AR 033110 DI 10.1115/1.3056574 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 420KJ UT WOS:000264288400011 ER PT J AU Bushey, DE AF Bushey, Dean E. TI Unmanned Aircraft Flights and Research at the United States Air Force Academy SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article CT International Symposium on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Orlando, FL DE UAV; UAS; Unmanned aircraft; Research; Education; Air force; Flight; Airspace AB The United States Air Force Academy is actively involved in unmanned aircraft research across numerous departments involving many projects, aircraft, government agencies, and experimental programs. The importance of these research projects to the Academy, the faculty, the cadets, the Air Force, and to the defense of the nation cannot be understated. In an effort to be proactive in cooperating with recent concerns from the FAA about the growth and proliferation of UAS flights, the Air Force has implemented several new guidelines and requirements. Complying with these guidelines, directives, and regulations has been challenging to the researchers and research activities conducted at USAFA. Finding ways to incorporate these new guidelines effectively and efficiently is critical to research and participation in joint projects and exercises. This paper explores the nature of research at USAFA current restrictions imposed by the various regulations, the current process, short term solutions, and a long term vision for research into UAS at the Academy. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, UAV Operat, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Bushey, DE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Comp Sci, UAV Operat, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM dean.bushey@usafa.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 54 IS 1-3 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s10846-008-9258-x PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 423GN UT WOS:000264484900006 ER PT J AU Rabb, DJ Anderson, BL Cowan, WD Spahn, OB AF Rabb, David J. Anderson, Betty Lise Cowan, William D. Spahn, Olga Blum TI Spherical Fourier Cell and Application for Optical True Time Delay SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beam forming; Fourier optics; optical signal processing; optical time delay; phased array antenna ID WHITE CELL; DEVICE; DESIGN AB A new optical configuration for switching light beams called a spherical Fourier cell is explained. Its use for optical true time delay is outlined. An experimental apparatus was constructed for a 6-bit delay system, with 2 bits demonstrated. Delays of 0, 2.1, 4.1, and 6.2 ns were measured. Loss and crosstalk measurements are also given. C1 [Rabb, David J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Anderson, Betty Lise] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cowan, William D.; Spahn, Olga Blum] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rabb, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.rabb@wpafb.af.mil; anderson@ece.osu.edu; wdcowan@sandia.gov; oblum@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 27 IS 5-8 BP 879 EP 886 DI 10.1109/JLT.2008.927762 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 439HH UT WOS:000265617700046 ER PT J AU Trice, S Devine, J Mistry, H Moore, E Linton, A AF Trice, Shana Devine, Joshua Mistry, Harsha Moore, Eugene Linton, Andrea TI Formulary Management in the Department of Defense SO JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE PHARMACY LA English DT Article ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY-DISORDER; HEALTH STATE UTILITIES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS AB BACKGROUND: The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) health care benefit (TRICARE) provides 9.2 million active-duty and retired uniformed services personnel and their family members with access to a comprehensive pharmacy benefit with low out-of-pocket costs. DoD's Uniform Formulary is available worldwide at DoD's 3 pharmacy points of service (military pharmacies, contracted mail order, and community [network and non-network] pharmacies). Community pharmacies, military pharmacies, and mail order accounted for 64%, 23%, and 13%, respectively, of DoD's $6.5 billion total drug expenditures during fiscal year (FY) 2007 (October 1, 2006, through September 30, 2007). OBJECTIVE: To describe the DoD formulary management process and estimate cost savings associated with implementation of DoD's 3-tier formulary. SUMMARY: DoD implemented its 3-tier Uniform Formulary in 2005. This implementation required the development of a transparent formulary management process that (a) assesses medications for formulary status based on an evidence-based clinical evaluation and assessment of relative cost-effectiveness using pharmacoeconomic and budget impact modeling, (b) allows open and equitable price competition among pharmaceutical manufacturers based on formulary status, and (c) provides a public forum for beneficiaries and beneficiary organizations to comment on formulary changes. Through April 16, 2008, Uniform Formulary decisions had been implemented in 32 drug classes representing 53% of FY 2007 total drug expenditures. The 32 classes containing 343 drugs were reviewed at 12 quarterly meetings of the DoD Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) Committee and the Beneficiary Advisory Panel, resulting in the classification of 85 drugs (24.8%) in tier 3, 92 drugs (26.8%) in tier 2, and 166 drugs (48.4%) in tier 1. Implementation of the 3-tier formulary was associated with an estimated $926 million in cost avoidance in FY 2007, primarily due to price reductions at military pharmacies and mail order, tier 3 copayments at community pharmacies and mail order, and change in product mix and pharmacy type (point of service). An additional $60 million in rebates were obtained in FY 2007 through the Voluntary Agreements for TRICARE Retail Pharmacy Refunds (UF VARR) program for prescriptions filled at community pharmacies; the UF VARR program first became available for drug classes reviewed in August 2006. The total of $986 million in cost avoidance and rebates represents an approximate 13% reduction, compared with what DoD otherwise would have paid in FY 2007 ($7.5 billion, compared with actual drug expenditures of $6.5 billion). CONCLUSION: As in most private-sector health plans, the DoD formulary management process (a) includes rigorous decision making that is informed by clinical literature evaluations and pharmacoeconomic analyses, (b) results in drug formulary changes that require considerable effort in communication with providers and beneficiaries, and (c) produces drug cost savings derived from increased price competition among drug manufacturers. Unlike private sector health plans, the DoD uses more disclosure of the results of evaluation of the evidence, solicits provider opinions before P&T committee deliberation, and provides the opportunity for beneficiaries to have input before implementation of formulary changes. J Manag Care Pharm. 2009;15(2):133-46 Copyright (C) 2009, Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy. All rights reserved. C1 [Devine, Joshua] USAF, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Trice, S (reprint author), 2450 Stanley Rd,Suite 208, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM shana.trice@amedd.army.mil FU DoD FX Trice, Mistry, Moore, and Linton contributed to the concept and design of this report. All authors contributed to writing this report, and revision was performed primarily by Trice and Devine. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACAD MANAGED CARE PHARMACY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 100 N PITT ST, 400, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3134 USA SN 1083-4087 J9 J MANAGE CARE PHARM JI J. Manag. Care Pharm. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 133 EP 146 PG 14 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 423WC UT WOS:000264525400001 PM 19236127 ER PT J AU Pradhan, B Sharma, AK Ray, AK AF Pradhan, Basudev Sharma, Ashwani K. Ray, Asim K. TI Nanoscale films of organic dyes for broadband environmental sensing SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; POLYANILINE; SENSOR AB Two types of suitably substituted organic dye molecules namely copper phthalocyanine and Rose Bengal were electrostatically self-assembled on gold-coated glass substrates, the gold surface being modified with poly(allylaminehydrochloridethe). The surface plasmon resonance technique was employed to investigate the sensing properties of organic dyes on exposure to three different volatile organic compounds. The films using phthalocyanine molecules were considered to be an optimal material because of its fast response and full recovery. This behaviour is attributed to the film surface morphology, molecular orientation in the film architecture, and sizes and dipole moments of vapours. C1 [Ray, Asim K.] Univ London, Dept Mat, Nanotechnol Res Labs, London E1 4NS, England. [Pradhan, Basudev] Indian Assoc Cultivat Sci, Dept Solid State Phys, Kolkata 70032, India. [Sharma, Ashwani K.] Space Vehicles Directorate, AF Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ray, AK (reprint author), Univ London, Dept Mat, Nanotechnol Res Labs, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, England. EM a.k.ray@qmul.ac.uk RI Pradhan, Basudev/C-2319-2008 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-03-1-3070] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under Grant No. FA8655-03-1-3070. The U. S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 EI 1573-482X J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s10854-008-9718-x PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 394GV UT WOS:000262434900014 ER PT J AU Gaffney, D Slabaugh, M AF Gaffney, Daniel Slabaugh, Mark TI Deltoid Compartment Syndrome After Antegrade Humeral Nailing SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE compartment syndrome; deltoid; deltoid compartment; humeral nail; humerus fracture; intramedullary fixation ID TRICEPS; MUSCLE; TIBIA; ARM AB Acute compartment syndrome of the deltoid is rare with only 6 cases reported in the literature. To our knowledge, there are no reported cases of deltoid compartment syndrome after surgery oil the shoulder. In this case, the patient developed a tense painful anterior deltoid 3 hours after antegrade nailing of a segmental humerus fracture. He was found to have an anterior deltoid compartment syndrome and was treated with emergency fasciotomy with no adverse sequelae. Incision of the epimysium was not required to lower the anterior deltoid compartment pressure, which is often necessary and unique to the deltoid. C1 McChord Flight Med, McChord AFB, WA USA. [Slabaugh, Mark] Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Gaffney, D (reprint author), 2554 McNeil St, Dupont, WA 98327 USA. EM daniel.gaffney@mcchord.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD MAR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 229 EP 231 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 414IV UT WOS:000263858000014 PM 19516100 ER PT J AU Moradi, LG Davidson, JS Dinan, RJ AF Moradi, Lee G. Davidson, James S. Dinan, Robert J. TI Response of Bonded Membrane Retrofit Concrete Masonry Walls to Dynamic Pressure SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the development of analytical models used to predict the response of bonded membrane retrofit concrete masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane impulse pressure loads. Full scale tests have shown significant improvement in the resistance of unreinforced concrete masonry walls retrofitted by membrane materials. The majority of the membrane retrofit concrete masonry walls survived compared to their unretrofitted counterparts that collapsed. Polymer membrane retrofit materials may be sprayed on, trowled on, or attached with adhesives to the tension face of the wall. Other membrane materials such as thin steel or aluminum sheets may be attached to the tension face of the wall using expansion screws or other structurally sound methods. Resistance functions previously presented by the writers for membrane retrofit concrete masonry walls are used in the development of the response. Single-degree-of-freedom equations are developed to predict the response of these walls to impulse pressure and the results of the analysis are compared with available full-scale tests. C1 [Moradi, Lee G.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Biophys Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Davidson, James S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Dinan, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Moradi, LG (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Biophys Sci & Engn, CBSE 100,1530 3rd Ave, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM moradi@uab.edu FU Engineering Mechanics and Explosion Effects Research Group; Force Protection Branch; Airbase Technologies Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX The work described herein was partially sponsored by the Engineering Mechanics and Explosion Effects Research Group, Force Protection Branch, Airbase Technologies Division of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The writers are extremely grateful for the sponsorship and for the opportunity to collaborate with AFRL engineers. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2009)23:2(72) PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 418LN UT WOS:000264149800003 ER PT J AU Lee, J Sallam, KA Lin, KC Carter, CD AF Lee, J. Sallam, K. A. Lin, K. -C. Carter, C. D. TI Spray Structure in Near-Injector Region of Aerated Jet in Subsonic Crossflow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 46th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 07-10, 2008 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LIQUID JETS; EFFERVESCENT; ATOMIZERS; BREAKUP AB An experimental study of the breakup of an aerated liquid jet in subsonic crossflow was carried out. Digital double-pulsed holographic microscopy was used, employing a double exposure charge-coupled device sensor. The measurements include droplet locations, sizes and sphericity, and three-dimensional velocities. Droplet velocities in three dimensions were measured by tracking their displacements in the streamwise and cross-stream direction and by tracking the change in the plane of focus in the spanwise direction. The study demonstrated that digital holographic microscopy was suitable for probing the nonspherical droplets in the near-injector region. The droplet size distributions followed Simmons's universal root-normal distribution and thus could be fully described by the Sauter mean diameter alone. The distributions of the streamwise and cross-stream velocities were uniform in the near-injector region and could be characterized by the mass-average velocity except for very small and very large droplets. C1 [Lee, J.; Sallam, K. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Lin, K. -C.] Taitech Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Carter, C. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sallam, KA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM sallam@okstate.edu OI Sallam, Khaled/0000-0003-2627-0060 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 258 EP 266 DI 10.2514/1.36719 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 423JP UT WOS:000264492900001 ER PT J AU Leonov, S Yarantsev, D Carter, C AF Leonov, Sergey Yarantsev, Dmitry Carter, Campbell TI Experiments on Electrically Controlled Flameholding on a Plane Wall in Supersonic Airflow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-ASSISTED IGNITION; COMBUSTION; MIXTURES; EXCITATION; OXYGEN; FUEL AB We describe experiments on gaseous fuel ignition and flameholding controlled by an electrical discharge in highspeed airflow. The geometrical configuration does not include any mechanical or physical flameholder. The fuel is nonpremixed and injected directly into the air crossflow from the combustor bottom wall. A multi-electrode, nonuniform transversal electrical discharge is excited, also on the bottom wall, between flush-mounted electrodes. The initial gas temperature is lower than the value for autoignition of hydrogen and ethylene. Results are presented for a wide range of fuel mass flow rate and discharge power deposited into the flow. This coupling between the discharge and the flow presents a new type of flameholder over a plane wall for a high-speed combustor. C1 [Leonov, Sergey; Yarantsev, Dmitry] Russian Acad Sci, Joint Inst High Temp, Moscow 125412, Russia. [Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leonov, S (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Joint Inst High Temp, Moscow 125412, Russia. RI Leonov, Sergey/K-5637-2015 FU European Office of Aerospace Research and Development-International Science and Technology Center [3057p]; Russian Academy of Science FX The experimental work was funded through the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development-International Science and Technology Center Project No. 3057p and by the Russian Academy of Science (Supervisor, Gorimir Cherny). NR 26 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.2514/1.38002 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 423JP UT WOS:000264492900004 ER PT J AU Kious, AR Roberts, HW Brackett, WW AF Kious, Andrew R. Roberts, Howard W. Brackett, William W. TI FILM THICKNESSES OF RECENTLY INTRODUCED LUTING CEMENTS SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID AGENTS AB Statement of problem. A luting cement must maintain a minimum film thickness over a sufficient period of time to allow seating of indirect restorations. The performance of newer luting cements in this regard has not been evaluated. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the film thicknesses of 6 luting cements, 2 resin-modified glass ionomer (FujiCEM and RelyX Luting Plus), 2 composite resin (Panavia 21 and RelyX ARC), and 2 self-adhesive resin (Maxcem and RelyX Unicem) cements, over 3 minutes. Material and methods. The film thickness (pm) of each cement (n=7) was determined at room temperature at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after the start of mixing, according to the testing method set forth in ISO Standard 9917. Means of all cements were compared at the 2-minute interval, and means at the 1- and 3-minute intervals for each were compared to the mean for the same cement at 2 minutes, using 1-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests (alpha=.05). Results. Except for 1 resin-modified material at 3 minutes, a point beyond its specified working time, all materials produced film thicknesses under 30 pm at 3 minutes and under 26 pm at 2 minutes. Conclusions. All of the materials tested meet the ISO standard of 25-mu m maximum film thickness for up to 2 minutes after mixing. (J Prosthet Dent 2009;101:189-192) C1 [Kious, Andrew R.; Brackett, William W.] Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Rehabil, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF Dent Corps, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consulting Serv, Dent Biomat Evaluat, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Kious, AR (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Rehabil, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. EM akious@mail.mcg.edu NR 8 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 101 IS 3 BP 189 EP 192 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 421XJ UT WOS:000264391300008 PM 19231571 ER PT J AU Berger, KT Greene, FA Kimmel, R Alba, C Johnson, H AF Berger, Karen T. Greene, Frank A. Kimmel, Roger Alba, Christopher Johnson, Heath TI Aerothermodynamic Testing and Boundary-Layer Trip Sizing of the HIFiRE Flight 1 Vehicle (vol 45, pg 1117, 2008) SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Correction ID ROUGHNESS AB An experimental wind-tunnel test was conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center's 20 in. Mach 6 air tunnel in support of the Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation Program. The information in this paper focuses on the flight 1 configuration, the first in a series of flight experiments. The paper documents the experimental measurements made over Reynolds numbers ranging from 2.1 to 5.6 x 10(6)/ft and angles of attack from -5 to +5 deg on several scaled ceramic heat-transfer models of the flight 1 configuration. Global heat transfer was measured using phosphor thermography, and the resulting images and heat-transfer distributions were used to infer the state of the boundary layer (in the vehicle wind- and lee-side surfaces. Boundary-layer trips were used to obtain turbulent heating information, and the experimental data highlighted in this paper were used to size and place the boundary-layer trip for the flight vehicle. The required height of the-flight boundary-layer trip was determined to he 0.079 in., and the trip was moved from the design location of 7.87 to 20.47 in. to ensure that augmented heating would not impact the laminar side of the vehicle. The allowable roughness was selected to be 3.2 x 10(-3) in. C1 [Berger, Karen T.; Greene, Frank A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Kimmel, Roger] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Alba, Christopher; Johnson, Heath] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Berger, KT (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aerothermodynam Branch, Mail Stop 408A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 473 EP 480 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 429EI UT WOS:000264903200030 ER PT J AU Reamy, BV AF Reamy, Brian V. TI Post-Epidural Headache: How Late Can It Occur? SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTDURAL PUNCTURE HEADACHE; ACCIDENTAL DURAL PUNCTURE; MANAGEMENT; CAFFEINE AB Background: Complications of labor epidural anesthesia include a post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). A 2003 meta-analysis described the onset of PDPH as occurring from 1 to 7 days after the procedure. Presented here is the first published case of a PDPH occurring 12 days postpartum. Methods: Twelve days after an uncomplicated labor epidural a patient was awakened by a "crushing" postural headache. The initial diagnosis was "possible subarachnoid hemorrhage." Lumbar puncture and computed tomography angiogram were normal. Despite medications a severe postural headache persisted and she was referred for an epidural blood patch. Consultants felt the headache onset after 7 days made PDPH impossible. Ultimately a delayed EBP was performed with immediate resolution of her headache. Discussion: Meta-analyses describe that parturients have a 1.5% risk of accidental dural puncture during epidural placement. Onset of the headache occurs as early as 1 or as late as 7 days after the procedure. Epidural blood patch is the most effective treatment for PDPH and a rapid response is diagnostic. Conclusion: Described is the first reported case of a PDPH occurring well outside the normal range of onset 1 to 7 days after epidural anesthesia. The delayed diagnosis and treatment of PDPH in this patient illustrates the limitations of over-rigorous application of pooled analyses to the care of individual patients. (J Am Board Fam Med 2009; 22: 202-205.) C1 [Reamy, Brian V.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Reamy, Brian V.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, USAF, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Reamy, BV (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM breamy@usuhs.mil NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER BOARD FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEXINGTON PA 2228 YOUNG DR, LEXINGTON, KY 40505 USA SN 1557-2625 J9 J AM BOARD FAM MED JI J. Am. Board Fam. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 202 EP 205 DI 10.3122/jabfm.2009.02.080064 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 415KY UT WOS:000263933900014 PM 19264945 ER PT J AU Vincelette, RL Thomas, RJ Rockwell, BA Clark, CD Welch, AJ AF Vincelette, Rebecca L. Thomas, Robert J. Rockwell, Benjamin A. Clark, Clifton D., III Welch, Ashley J. TI First-order model of thermal lensing in a virtual eye SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID BEAM-PROPAGATION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; WAVELENGTH; TEMPERATURE; WATER; DEPENDENCE; ABERRATION; DENSITY; INJURY; REGION AB An ABCD beam-propagation method was used to build a first-order mathematical model of a thermal lens effect from a near-infrared laser beam in water and ocular media. The model was found to fit experimental z-scan data best when the thermo-optic coefficient dn/dT of liquid water at 292 K was -4.46 X 10(-5) K(-1). The physiological parameters of the human eye were simulated in a simple eye model using this fitted dn/dT value. Conservative model simulations for 1150 and 1318 nm laser radiation include parameter sets used in experimental ocular exposures performed by Zuclich et al. [Health Phys. 92, 15 (2007)] to illustrate the transient response of the thermal lens approaching the limits of the retinal damage thresholds for equivalent laser radiation sources. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Vincelette, Rebecca L.; Welch, Ashley J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, Cockrell Sch Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Thomas, Robert J.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Clark, Clifton D., III] Northrop Grumman, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Vincelette, RL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, Cockrell Sch Engn, 1 Univ Stn C0800, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM rebecca.vincelette@gmail.com FU Consortium Research Fellowship Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-05-2-6501] FX The authors thank Gary Noojin of Northrop Grumman, Dustin Mixon of the United States Air Force, and Taufiquar Khan of Clemson University for their assistance. Support was provided by the Consortium Research Fellowship Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract FA8650-05-2-6501. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 26 IS 3 BP 548 EP 558 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 426RY UT WOS:000264726600010 PM 19252653 ER PT J AU Thompson, IM Tangen, CM Paradelo, J Lucia, MS Miller, G Troyer, D Messing, E Forman, J Chin, J Swanson, G Canby-Hagino, E Crawford, ED AF Thompson, Ian M. Tangen, Catherine M. Paradelo, Jorge Lucia, M. Scott Miller, Gary Troyer, Dean Messing, Edward Forman, Jeffrey Chin, Joseph Swanson, Gregory Canby-Hagino, Edith Crawford, E. David TI Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Pathological T3N0M0 Prostate Cancer Significantly Reduces Risk of Metastases and Improves Survival: Long-Term Followup of a Randomized Clinical Trial SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; radiotherapy; prostate-specific antigen; neoplasm metastasis ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; RADIATION-THERAPY; MITOXANTRONE; PREDNISONE; RECURRENCE; DOCETAXEL AB Purpose: Extraprostatic disease will be manifest in a third of men after radical prostatectomy. We present the long-term followup of a randomized clinical trial of radiotherapy to reduce the risk of subsequent metastatic disease and death. Materials and Methods: A total of 431 men with pT3N0M0 prostate cancer were randomized to 60 to 64 Gy adjuvant radiotherapy or observation. The primary study end point was metastasis-free survival. Results: Of 425 eligible men 211 were randomized to observation and 214 to adjuvant radiation. Of those men under observation 70 ultimately received radiotherapy. Metastasis-free survival was significantly greater with radiotherapy (93 of 214 events on the radiotherapy arm vs 114 of 211 events on observation; HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.54, 0.94; p = 0.016). Survival improved significantly with adjuvant radiation (88 deaths of 214 on the radiotherapy arm vs 110 deaths of 211 on observation; HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.55, 0.96; p = 0.023). Conclusions: Adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for a man with pT3NOMO prostate cancer significantly reduces the risk of metastasis and increases survival. C1 [Thompson, Ian M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Canby-Hagino, Edith] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Tangen, Catherine M.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Paradelo, Jorge] Kansas City Community Clin Oncol Program, Kansas City, MO USA. [Lucia, M. Scott; Miller, Gary; Crawford, E. David] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Messing, Edward] Univ Rochester, Sch Med, James P Wilmot Canc Ctr, Rochester, NY USA. [Forman, Jeffrey] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. [Chin, Joseph] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Surg Oncol, London, ON, Canada. RP Thompson, IM (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Urol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM thompsoni@uthscsa.edu FU Public Health Service Cooperative Agreement grants; National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services [CA38926, CA32102, CA14028, CA58416, CA58658, CA42777, CA27057, CA46136, CA35431, CA58882, CA12644, CA58861, CA35090, CA37981, CA76429, CA04919, CA76132, CA35119, CA35178, CA35176, CA46282, CA67575, CA45377, CA46113, CA74647, CA35261, CA049020, CA20319, CA76447, CA58723, CA12213, CA22433, CA46441]; National Cancer Institute of Canada [PFI-2] FX Study received approval from individual institutional review boards of the participating institutions.; Supported by Public Health Service Cooperative Agreement grants awarded by the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services CA38926, CA32102, CA14028, CA58416, CA58658, CA42777, CA27057, CA46136, CA35431, CA58882, CA12644, CA58861, CA35090, CA37981, CA76429, CA04919, CA76132, CA35119, CA35178, CA35176, CA46282, CA67575, CA45377, CA46113, CA74647, CA35261, CA049020, CA20319, CA76447, CA58723, CA12213, CA22433, CA46441, and by the National Cancer Institute of Canada Grant PFI-2. NR 19 TC 559 Z9 566 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 181 IS 3 BP 956 EP 962 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2008.11.032 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 406VA UT WOS:000263321800007 PM 19167731 ER PT J AU Eller, RL Miller, M Weinstein, J Sataloff, RT AF Eller, Robert L. Miller, Matthew Weinstein, Jeffrey Sataloff, Robert. T. TI The Innervation of the Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle: Exploring Clinical Possibilities SO JOURNAL OF VOICE LA English DT Article CT 35th Annual Symposium on Care of the Professional Voice CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Voice Fdn DE Posterior cricoarytenoid; Anatomy; Recurrent laryngeal nerve; Vocal fold; Vocal cord; Spasmodic dysphonia; Neurolaryngology; Reinnervation; Neurectomy; Myectomy; Abductor spasmodic dysphonia; Laryngeal innervation; Laryngeal BOTOX ID RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE; ABDUCTOR SPASMODIC DYSPHONIA; ADDUCTOR DENERVATION-REINNERVATION; BOTULINUM TOXIN THERAPY; SPASTIC DYSPHONIA; SECTION; VARIABILITY; EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT; RESECTION AB Manipulation of the nerve supply to the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle has potential for ameliorating the symptoms of some neurologic conditions such as abductor spasmodic dysphonia. The anatomy of the nerve supply to the PCA is better understood than in previous eras, but the anatomical understanding has not translated to clinical application yet. Microscopic dissection allowed the identification and measurement of the branches from the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) to the PCA in 43 human cadaver larynges. The cricothyroid (CT) joint was the primary landmark for measurement. Other structural measurements were also made on the larynges. All of the PCA muscles received innervation from the anterior division of the RLN. The number of direct branches from the RLN ranged from I to 5 (average 2.3) More than 70% of PCA muscles also received 1-3 branches off of the branch to the interarytenoid (IA) muscle. Less than half of PCA muscles received any kind of nerve branches from the posterior division of the RLN. Branches to the PCA most commonly departed the main RLN in its vertical segment and all entered the muscle from its deep surface. All branches departed the RLN within an average of 9.5 mm from the CT joint the branch to the IA occurs distal to this point. The innervation to the PCA is complex and redundant, and the segment of the RLN supplying those branches is difficult to expose safely. For these reasons, selective denervation or reinnervation procedures limited to the nerve branches may be technically difficult. When needing only to denervate the PCA, this can be accomplished by removing a portion of the PCA and the underlying nerve supply. Surgical technique should be based upon the understanding of the anatomy of the PCA muscle and its nerve supply. C1 [Eller, Robert L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Aerodigest & Voice Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Miller, Matthew; Weinstein, Jeffrey] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Sataloff, Robert. T.] Drexel Univ, Coll Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Eller, RL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Aerodigest & Voice Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 859th MSGS MCSR,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM rtsataloff@phillyent.com NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0892-1997 J9 J VOICE JI J. Voice PD MAR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.01.007 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 420QB UT WOS:000264303200013 PM 17509824 ER PT J AU Seyedi, A Pavel, AA Sharma, AK Islam, NE AF Seyedi, A. Pavel, A. A. Sharma, A. K. Islam, N. E. TI Design and performance analysis of a nanoscaled inverter based on wrap-around-gate nanowire MOSFETs SO MICRO & NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEVICES; TRANSPORT; MOBILITY; MODEL; CMOS AB The design and analysis of a silicon nanowire inverter with a wrap-around-gate nMOS is presented and its performance is compared with that of a conventional inverter. The analysis shows that the nano-channel structure design can improve carrier mobility by suppressing the transverse component of the electric field. This results in an enhancement in the current drive of the nMOS, and contributes to lowering power consumption and the switching delay. Simulated power consumption and rise time of the proposed design was found to be about 20 mu W and 0.5 ns, respectively, compared with 2.5 mW and 1.5 ns achievable with conventional planar MOSFETs. Investigation of the gate length shows that a nMOS with shorter gates have an improved switching response compared with long channel devices. C1 [Pavel, A. A.; Islam, N. E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Seyedi, A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Sharma, A. K.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Seyedi, A (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. EM akeed.pavel@mizzou.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1750-0443 J9 MICRO NANO LETT JI Micro Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 4 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1049/mnl:20080046 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 422UW UT WOS:000264454200004 ER PT J AU Gatchel, RJ McGeary, DD Peterson, A Moore, M LeRoy, K Islert, WC Hryshko-Mullen, AS Edell, T AF Gatchel, Robert J. McGeary, Donald D. Peterson, Alan Moore, Mysti LeRoy, Karen Islert, William C. Hryshko-Mullen, Ann S. Edell, Tom TI Preliminary Findings of a Randomized Controlled Trial of an Interdisciplinary Military Pain Program SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; BACK-PAIN; DISABILITY AB Chronic pain related to musculoskeletal conditions is the leading cause of medical discharge from active duty military service. The present study is the first randomized controlled trial of an interdisciplinary pain treatment program (functional restoration, FR) to decrease chronic musculoskeletal pain and increase functioning in an active duty military population. Sixty-six military participants were randomly assigned to either an FR treatment group or a standard anesthesia pain clinic treatment comparison group. A repeated measures design was employed and data were analyzed for pre- to post-treatment differences, as well as for 6-months and 1-year post-treatment outcomes. Findings revealed significantly greater improvements for the FR group on self-reported pain, disability, functional status, and fitness for military duty at the post-treatment and follow-up points, relative to the comparison group. These results clearly demonstrate the efficacy and military relevance of a FR program for active duty military personnel who have chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders. C1 [Gatchel, Robert J.; Moore, Mysti; LeRoy, Karen] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Peterson, Alan] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [McGeary, Donald D.; Islert, William C.; Hryshko-Mullen, Ann S.; Edell, Tom] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Gatchel, RJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, 501 S Nedderman Dr,313, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. FU Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program's Peer Review Medical Research Program [DAMD 17-03-1-0055]; National Institutes of Health [1K05 MH071892, 3R01 MH 046452] FX The writing of this manuscript was supported in part by grants to Dr. Robert Gatchel from the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program's Peer Review Medical Research Program (DAMD 17-03-1-0055), and from the National Institutes of Health (1K05 MH071892 and 3R01 MH 046452. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 174 IS 3 BP 270 EP 277 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601KZ UT WOS:000278059400010 PM 19354091 ER PT J AU Lingle, B AF Lingle, Brandon TI A Fair Fight in a Neutral Location SO NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lingle, B (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NORTHERN IOWA PI CEDAR FALLS PA 1222 W 27TH ST, CEDAR FALLS, IA 50614 USA SN 0029-2397 J9 N AM REV JI North Am. Rev. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 294 IS 2 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Literary Reviews SC Literature GA 506KD UT WOS:000270772800040 ER PT J AU Yu, JB Gross, CP Wilson, LD Smith, BD AF Yu, James B. Gross, Cary P. Wilson, Lynn D. Smith, Benjamin D. TI NCI SEER Public-Use Data: Applications and Limitations in Oncology Research SO ONCOLOGY-NEW YORK LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Yu, James B.; Wilson, Lynn D.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Therapeut Radiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Gross, Cary P.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Smith, Benjamin D.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Yu, JB (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Therapeut Radiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. OI Smith, Benjamin/0000-0001-7866-1093 NR 53 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 3 PU UBM MEDICA PI NORWALK PA 535 CONNECTICUT AVE, STE 300, NORWALK, CT 06854 USA SN 0890-9091 J9 ONCOLOGY-NY JI Oncology-NY PD MAR PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 288 EP 295 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V18PM UT WOS:000208016700008 PM 19418830 ER PT J AU Kavanagh, MC Ohr, MP Czyz, CN Cahill, KV Perry, JD Holck, DEE Foster, JA AF Kavanagh, Marsha C. Ohr, Matthew P. Czyz, Craig N. Cahill, Kenneth V. Perry, Julian D. Holck, David E. E. Foster, Jill A. TI Comparison of Fibrin Sealant Versus Suture for Wound Closure in Muller Muscle-Conjunctiva Resection Ptosis Repair SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article CT Fall Meeting of the American-Society-of-Opthalmic-Plastic-and-Reconstructive-Surgery CY NOV, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Ophthal Plastic & Recontruct Surg ID PTERYGIUM SURGERY; GLUE; BLEPHAROPTOSIS; PASTE; CUT AB Purpose: To compare fibrin sealant (Tisseel) versus suture for wound Closure in Muller muscle-conjunctiva resection ptosis repair. Methods: The charts of 114 patients (211 eyelids) who had undergone Muller muscle-conjuctiva resection were retrospectively reviewed. Suture versus Tisseel were used for wound closure. Preoperative and postoperative eyelid measurements, postoperative symmetry within 0.5 mm and complications were compared. Results: Muller muscle-conjunctiva resection ptosis repair was performed on 211 eyelids of 114 patients. Seventeen cases were unilateral and 97 cases were bilateral. Method of wound closure included suture (45 eyelids of 31 patients) versus Tisseel (166 eyelids of 83 patients), For the suture group, the mean preoperative MRD1 was 1.2 mm and the postoperative MRD1 was 3.0 mm; the difference was 1.9. For the Tisseel group, the mean preoperative MRD1 was 1.2 mm and the postoperative MRD1 was 3.0 mm; the difference was 1.8. The 2 groups did not differ statistically in preoperative (p = 0.97) or postoperative MRD1 values (P = 0.53), the difference (p = 0.63), or postoperative symmetry within 0.5 mm (p = 0.39). In the suture group, complications included moderate to severe pain (10%), suture granuloma (6%), corneal abrasion (3%), loose suture (3%), and persistent keratopathy (3%). We found no evidence of keratopathy attributable to the Tisseel (p = 0.0001). This difference in the prevalence of complications was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Four patients in the suture group (13%) underwent subsequent procedures including suture granuloma removal (2) and suture removal (1); 1 patient (3%) required levator resection. Three patients in the Tisseel group (4%) Subsequently underwent levator resection. Conclusions: Muller muscle-conjunctiva resection ptosis repair using fibrin sealant for Wound closure offers comparable eyelid position results compared with suture. Use of Tisseel showed fewer postoperative complications and was associated with fewer subsequent surgical procedures. C1 [Kavanagh, Marsha C.; Czyz, Craig N.; Cahill, Kenneth V.; Foster, Jill A.] Ohio State Univ, Ophthalm Surg & Consultants Ohio, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ohr, Matthew P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Perry, Julian D.] Cleveland Clin, Cole Eye Inst, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Holck, David E. E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Kavanagh, MC (reprint author), 262 Neil Ave,Suite 430, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. EM mcheung26@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0740-9303 J9 OPHTHAL PLAST RECONS JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 25 IS 2 BP 99 EP 102 DI 10.1097/IOP.0b013e31819a42e5 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 424RP UT WOS:000264585400005 PM 19300149 ER PT J AU Barrera, JE Holbrook, AB Santos, J Popelka, GR AF Barrera, Jose E. Holbrook, Andrew B. Santos, Juan Popelka, Gerald R. TI Sleep MRI Novel technique to identify airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 [Barrera, Jose E.; Popelka, Gerald R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Otolaryngol, Div Sleep Surg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Holbrook, Andrew B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Santos, Juan] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Barrera, Jose E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Div Sleep Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Barrera, JE (reprint author), 59 MDW SGO20,2200 Berquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jose.barrera@lackland.af.mil NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 140 IS 3 BP 423 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.11.037 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 413RQ UT WOS:000263810600028 PM 19248956 ER PT J AU Crawford, CC Huynh, MT Kepple, A Jonas, WB AF Crawford, Cindy C. Huynh, Mylene T. Kepple, Alyson Jonas, Wayne B. TI Systematic Assessment of the Quality of Research Studies of Conventional and Alternative Treatment(s) of Primary Headache: State of the Data at the Mid-Point of the Decade of Pain Control and Research SO PAIN PHYSICIAN LA English DT Review DE chronic headache; complementary and alternative medicine; research quality; randomized controlled trial; Jadad scores ID UNITED-STATES; MEDICINE; COMPLEMENTARY; INTEGRATION; MIGRAINE; THERAPY; HEALTH; TRENDS AB Background: Diversity of treatments used for headache, and varied quality of research conduct and reporting make it difficult to accurately assess the literature and to determine the best treatment(s) for patients. Objectives: To compare the quality of available research evidence describing the effects and outcomes of conventional, and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches to treating primary (migraine, tension, and/or cluster-type) headache. Study Design: A systematic review of quality of research studies of conventional and alternative treatment(s) of primary headache. Methods: Randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of treatment(s) of chronic primary headache (in English between 1979 to June 2004) were searched through MEDLINE, Psyclnfo, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the NIH databases. Studies were evaluated using standard approaches for assessing and analyzing quality indicators. Results: 125 studies of conventional, and 121 CAM treatments met inclusion criteria. 80% of studies of conventional treatment(s) reported positive effects (P<0.05), versus 73% of studies of CAM approaches (chi(2) = 3.798, 1 df, p=0.051). Overall, the literature addressing the treatment of primary headache received a mean Jadad score of 2.72 out of 5 (SD 1.1). The mean Jadad score for studies of conventional therapeutics was significantly better than for those studies of CAM approaches: 3.21 +/- 0.9 vs 2.23 +/- 1.1 (t=7.72, 246 df, mean difference 0.98, p < 0.0005). Conclusions: Studies of conventional treatments scored higher on reporting quality than studies of CAM approaches. It is possible that these differences may reflect distinctions in 1) methodologic integrity, 2) therapeutic paradigm(s), and/or 3) bias(es) in the approach(es) used to evaluate certain types of therapies. Each of these possibilities - and the implications - is addressed and considered. C1 [Crawford, Cindy C.; Kepple, Alyson; Jonas, Wayne B.] Samueli Inst, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Huynh, Mylene T.] 377 Med Operat, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Crawford, CC (reprint author), Samueli Inst, 1737 King St,Suite 600, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM ccrawford@siib.org NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AM SOC INTERVENTIONAL PAIN PHYSICIANS PI PADUCAH PA 81 LAKEVIEW DR, PADUCAH, KY 42001 USA SN 1533-3159 J9 PAIN PHYSICIAN JI Pain Physician PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 BP 461 EP 470 PG 10 WC Anesthesiology; Clinical Neurology SC Anesthesiology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 431EX UT WOS:000265045200012 PM 19305490 ER PT J AU Granger, J Gidvani, VK AF Granger, Jeremy Gidvani, Vinod K. TI Acquired Factor VII Deficiency Associated With Wilms Tumor SO PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER LA English DT Article DE bleeding disorders other than hemophilia; coagulation; factor VII deficiency; Wilms tumor ID DISEASE AB We present the case of a 2-year-old female with Wilms tumor whose initial evaluation revealed a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and normal activated partial thromboplastin time. Mixing studies demonstrated correction of the PT and the Factor VII activity was 17% in the absence of a Factor VII inhibitor. She underwent successful resection of the tumor with fresh frozen plasma support and no excessive bleeding. Post-operative testing demonstrated normal PT at 3 days and 1-month. Although acquired von Willebrand factor deficiency has a known association with Wilms tumor, paraneoplastic factor VII deficiency associated with Wilms tumor is previously unreported. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:394-395. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Granger, Jeremy] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Gidvani, Vinod K.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Hematol Oncol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Granger, J (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jeremy.granger@lackland.af.mil NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1545-5009 J9 PEDIATR BLOOD CANCER JI Pediatr. Blood Cancer PD MAR PY 2009 VL 52 IS 3 BP 394 EP 395 DI 10.1002/pbc.21900 PG 2 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA 396PP UT WOS:000262603900021 PM 19137513 ER PT J AU Friedman, JF Miller, TM Schaffer, LC Viggiano, AA Fabrikant, II AF Friedman, Jeffrey F. Miller, Thomas M. Schaffer, Linda C. Viggiano, A. A. Fabrikant, Ilya I. TI Electron attachment to Cl-2 from 300 to 1100 K: Experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE chlorine; electron attachment; electron impact dissociation; Langmuir probes; molecule-electron collisions; reaction rate constants; vibrational states ID LANGMUIR-PROBE; DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT; ION CURRENT; ENERGY; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES; F2; CHLORINE; SHEATH; SF6 AB Rate constants for dissociative electron attachment to Cl-2 have been measured from 300 to 1100 K in a high-temperature flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus. R-matrix calculations have been carried out which compare well with the present measurements with possible deviation at the highest temperatures. The attachment rate constants do not show Arrhenius behavior. The temperature dependence of the calculated rate constants for successive vibrational levels provides insight as to this behavior. While the lowest vibrational level of Cl-2 dominates attachment at low temperatures, the rate constant is not flat with temperature because of the p-wave character of the attachment process. The non-Arrhenius behavior is due to a conflict between the increase in attachment cross section with vibrational level (temperature) and the decline in the cross section with electron energy above 50 meV. C1 [Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Schaffer, Linda C.] Univ New Mexico, Coll Educ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fabrikant, Ilya I.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Friedman, Jeffrey F.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Friedman, JF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA8718-04-C0006]; Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Program; U. S. National Science Foundation [PHY-0652866] FX We are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. T. M. M. is under contract (Grant No. FA8718-04-C0006) to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. J. F. F. was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Program. I. I. F. was supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0652866. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 AR 032707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.032707 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 427HK UT WOS:000264770200098 ER PT J AU Hillman, EL AF Hillman, Elizabeth L. TI Front and Center: Sexual Violence in US Military Law SO POLITICS & SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sexual Violence during War CY NOV, 2007 CL Yale Univ, New Haven, CT HO Yale Univ DE sexual violence; military justice; legal culture; US law; reform ID WOMEN VETERANS; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; ASSAULT; PREVALENCE; VICTIMIZATION; HARASSMENT; SAMPLE; FORCE; RATES AB Military-on-military sexual violence-the type of sexual violence that most directly disrupts operations, harms personnel, and undermines recruiting-occurs with astonishing frequency. The U.S. military has responded with a campaign to prevent and punish military-on-military sex crimes. This campaign, however, has made little progress, partly because of U.S. military law, a special realm of criminal justice dominated by legal precedents involving sexual violence and racialized images. By promulgating images and narratives of sexual exploitation, violent sexuality, and female subordination, the military justice system has helped to sustain a legal culture that reifies the connection between sexual violence and authentic soldiering. C1 [Hillman, Elizabeth L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Hastings Coll Law, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. [Hillman, Elizabeth L.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Law, Camden, NJ USA. [Hillman, Elizabeth L.] Yale Univ, USAF Acad, Camden, NJ USA. RP Hillman, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Hastings Coll Law, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. EM hillmane@uchastings.edu NR 127 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0032-3292 J9 POLIT SOC JI Polit. Soc. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 37 IS 1 BP 101 EP 129 DI 10.1177/0032329208329753 PG 29 WC Political Science; Social Issues; Sociology SC Government & Law; Social Issues; Sociology GA 410FB UT WOS:000263561800005 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Friedman, JF Williamson, JS Schaffer, LC Viggiano, AA AF Miller, Thomas M. Friedman, Jeffrey F. Williamson, John S. Schaffer, Linda C. Viggiano, A. A. TI A new instrument for thermal electron attachment at high temperature: NF3 and CH3Cl attachment rate constants up to 1100 K SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE afterglows; electron attachment; high-temperature techniques; Langmuir probes; mass spectrometers; plasma density ID LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; CAPTURE RATE CONSTANTS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; METHYL HALIDES; ENERGY AB A new high temperature flowing afterglow Langmuir probe (HT-FALP) apparatus is described. A movable Langmuir probe and a four-needle reactant gas inlet were fitted to an existing high temperature flowing afterglow apparatus. The instrument is suitable for study of electron attachment from 300-1200 K, the upper limit set to avoid softening of the quartz flow tube. We present results for two reactions over extended ranges: NF3 (300-900 K) and CH3Cl (600-1100 K). Electron attachment rate constants for NF3 had been measured earlier using our conventional FALP apparatus. Those measurements were repeated with the FALP and then extended to 900 K with the HT-FALP. CH3Cl attaches electrons too weakly to study with the low temperature FALP but reaches a value of similar to 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) at 1100 K. F- is produced in NF3 attachment at all temperatures and Cl- in CH3Cl attachment, as determined by a quadrupole mass spectrometer at the end of the flow tube. Future modifications to increase the plasma density should allow study of electron-ion recombination at high temperatures. C1 [Miller, Thomas M.; Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Williamson, John S.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Schaffer, Linda C.] Univ New Mexico, Coll Educ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.; Williamson, John S.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Friedman, Jeffrey F.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU (U. S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8718-04-C0006]; Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Program FX We are grateful for the support of the (U. S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. T. M. M. is under contract (Contract No. FA8718-04-C0006) to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. J. F. F. was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Program. NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 80 IS 3 AR 034104 DI 10.1063/1.3097185 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 427JW UT WOS:000264776600037 PM 19334937 ER PT J AU McGlasson, DL Fritsma, GA AF McGlasson, David L. Fritsma, George A. TI Whole Blood Platelet Aggregometry and Platelet Function Testing SO SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE Agonist; impedance-based whole blood aggregometry; lumiaggregometry; von Willebrand disease; platelet plasma membrane defects; platelet metabolic pathway defects; platelet secretion defects; aspirin-like disorder; storage pool disorder; antiplatelet therapy; aspirin resistance; thienopyridine resistance ID CHRONIC MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; STORAGE POOL DEFICIENCY; ASPIRIN RESISTANCE; IMPEDANCE AGGREGOMETRY; MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; ANTIPLATELET THERAPY; LUMI-AGGREGOMETER; GLYCOPROTEIN-IA AB Platelet aggregometry has been the reference method employed to detect, diagnose, and monitor qualitative platelet disorders since the early 1960s. Lumiaggregometry and impedance-based whole blood lumiaggregometry have advantages over light transmittance aggregometry in that they provide for enhanced specimen management and increase the test sensitivity to impairment of platelet granule secretion. Whole blood lumiaggregometry detects and identifies congenital and acquired platelet plasma membrane receptor defects, metabolic pathway secretion disorders, and storage pool deficiency. Whole blood lumiaggregometry is also being applied to antiplatelet therapy monitoring and identifies aspirin and thienopyridine resistance. There is growing interest in using impedance-based whole blood lumiaggregometry for near-patient whole blood platelet analysis and antiplatelet therapy monitoring. This article will also discuss other whole blood testing processes for assessing platelet function, particularly as applied to assessing the effect of antiplatelet medication. C1 [McGlasson, David L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fritsma, George A.] Pathol Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA. RP McGlasson, DL (reprint author), 59 CSPG SGVUL,2200 Berquist Dr,Bldg 4430, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM david.mcglasson@lackland.af.mil NR 92 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0094-6176 J9 SEMIN THROMB HEMOST JI Semin. Thromb. Hemost. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 35 IS 2 BP 168 EP 180 DI 10.1055/s-0029-1220325 PG 13 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 441DA UT WOS:000265748300006 PM 19408190 ER PT J AU Glowacki, BA Majoros, M Campbell, AM Hopkins, SC Rutter, NA Kozlowski, G Peterson, TL AF Glowacki, B. A. Majoros, M. Campbell, A. M. Hopkins, S. C. Rutter, N. A. Kozlowski, G. Peterson, T. L. TI Influence of magnetic materials on the transport properties of superconducting composite conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Superconductivity and Magnetism CY AUG 25-29, 2008 CL Side, TURKEY ID SHEATHED PBBI2223 TAPES; FIELD AC LOSSES; COATED-CONDUCTORS; MULTIFILAMENTARY TAPES; WIRES; MGB2; GENERATOR; TEXTURE; GROWTH; NIO AB Magnetic materials can help to improve the performance of practical superconductors on the macro/microscale as magnetic diverters and also on the nanoscale as effective pinning centres. It has been established by numerical modelling that magnetic shielding of the filaments reduces ac losses in self-field conditions due to decoupling of the filaments and, at the same time, it increases the critical current of the composite. This effect is especially beneficial for coated conductors, in which the anisotropic properties of the superconductor are amplified by the conductor architecture. However, ferromagnetic coatings are often chemically incompatible with YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) and (Pb, Bi)(2)Sr(2)Ca(2)Cu(3)O(9) conductors, and buffer layers have to be used. In contrast, in MgB(2) conductors an iron matrix may remain in direct contact with the superconducting core. The application of superconducting-magnetic heterostructures requires consideration of the thermal and electromagnetic stability of the superconducting materials used. On the one hand, magnetic components reduce the critical current gradient across the individual filaments but, on the other hand, they often reduce the thermal conductivity between the superconducting core and the cryogen, which may cause the destruction of the conductor in the event of thermal instability. A possible nanoscale method of improving the critical current density of superconducting conductors is the introduction of sub-micron magnetic pinning centres. However, the volumetric density and chemical compatibility of magnetic inclusions has to be controlled to avoid suppression of the superconducting properties. C1 [Glowacki, B. A.; Hopkins, S. C.; Rutter, N. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Majoros, M.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Engn, MacQuigg Lab 555, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Campbell, A. M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. [Kozlowski, G.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Peterson, T. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Glowacki, BA (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM bag10@cam.ac.uk RI Hopkins, Simon/A-6826-2008; Glowacki, Bartek/F-5113-2010 OI Hopkins, Simon/0000-0002-0245-8627; NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 22 IS 3 AR 034013 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/22/3/034013 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 410GC UT WOS:000263564500014 ER PT J AU Ficarrotta, JC AF Ficarrotta, J. Carl TI How to Teach a Bad Ethics Course SO TEACHING PHILOSOPHY LA English DT Article AB Moral experience may be parsed at different levels of abstraction. We might work variously at the level of meta-ethical reflection; normative ethics' the principles, doctrines, and character traits of everyday morality; or the sometimes simple, sometimes messy, business of actual moral judgment. We should strive to be clear with Our Students (and Ourselves) about the differences between these levels and the hazards of crudely conflating them. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ficarrotta, JC (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM carl.ficarrotta@usafa.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PHILOSOPHY DOCUMENTATION CENTER PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA PO BOX 7147, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22906-7147 USA SN 0145-5788 J9 TEACH PHILOS JI Teach Philos. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 53 EP 68 PG 16 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 496PH UT WOS:000269986700004 ER PT J AU Skipper, JB Hanna, JB Cegielski, CG AF Skipper, Joseph B. Hanna, Joe B. Cegielski, Casey G. TI Supply Chain Contingency Planning and Firm Adoption: An Initial Look at Differentiating the Innovators SO TRANSPORTATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESOURCE-BASED VIEW; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; SCALE DEVELOPMENT; RISK; BUSINESS; IMPLEMENTATION; MANAGEMENT; DIFFUSION; RECOVERY; MODEL AB This research strives to identify key differentiating characteristics of firms adopting a supply chain contingency planning process from those that do not adopt. The researchers base their model on Rogers' innovation diffusion variables and supplement the model with additional variables of interest. Results of the research allow the researchers to propose a model of adoption. The results help the authors identify key predictor variables and significantly enhance the level of understanding of the adoption of supply chain contingency planning processes. C1 [Skipper, Joseph B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hanna, Joe B.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aviat & Supply Chain Management, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Cegielski, Casey G.] Auburn Univ, Dept Management, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Skipper, JB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Sch Engn & Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joseph.skipper@afit.edu; hannajb@auburn.edu; cegieca@auburn.edu NR 102 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PENN STATE UNIV PRESS PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 820 NORTH UNIV DRIVE, U S B 1, STE C, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0041-1612 EI 2157-328X J9 TRANSPORT J JI Transp. J. PD SPR PY 2009 VL 48 IS 2 BP 40 EP 62 PG 23 WC Management; Transportation SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA 683UT UT WOS:000284502900003 ER PT J AU Hager, CH Sanders, J Sharma, S Voevodin, A Segall, A AF Hager, C. H., Jr. Sanders, J. Sharma, S. Voevodin, A. Segall, Albert TI The effect of temperature on gross slip fretting wear of cold-sprayed nickel coatings on Ti6Al4V interfaces SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Fretting wear; Ti6Al4V; Gross slip; Nickel; Nickel oxide; High temperature ID SLIDING METALS; MECHANISM; SURFACES; REGIMES; ALLOYS AB Fretting wear is an accumulation of damage that occurs at component interfaces that are subjected to high contact stresses coupled with low-amplitude oscillation. In metallic contacts, surface oxides, adhesion, and material transfer play a primary role in the initial stages of fretting wear degradation. Given these behaviors, the focus of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on inter-metallic fretting wear between Ti6Al4V (titanium, 6% aluminum, 4% vanadium) and cold-sprayed, commercially pure nickel coatings. The results presented herein show that increased temperature decreases friction through the formation of a uniform NiO layer, and by a reduction of Ni2O3 in contacts. In addition, it was found that a localized minimum friction coefficient is achieved at approximately 300 degrees C, above which friction increases slightly due to annealing of the cold-sprayed coatings. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hager, C. H., Jr.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Sanders, J.; Sharma, S.; Voevodin, A.] MLBT, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Segall, Albert] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hager, CH (reprint author), Timken Co, 1835 Dueber Ave SW,TEC-09, Canton, OH 44706 USA. EM yaowei05l6@gmaii.com RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X EI 1879-2464 J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 42 IS 3 BP 491 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.triboint.2008.08.009 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 405JV UT WOS:000263220000010 ER PT J AU Elwood, RL Rajnik, M Wilson, S Yim, K Blanco, JCG Nikonenko, B Hemming, VG AF Elwood, Robert L. Rajnik, Michael Wilson, Samuel Yim, Kevin Blanco, Jorge C. G. Nikonenko, Boris Hemming, Val G. TI Characterization of late tuberculosis infection in Sigmodon hispidus SO TUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Latency; LTBI; Cotton rats; Sigmodon hispidus ID MICROBIAL ENUMERATION TECHNIQUE; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MOUSE TISSUES; ANIMAL-MODEL; COTTON RATS; BACILLI; FATE; DRUG AB We previously described primary tuberculosis in Sigmodon hispidus cotton rats up to 6 months following a pulmonary challenge. At that time, we observed fewer animals demonstrating disease as time from exposure progressed. We hypothesized that some cotton rats may control a primary infection to latency in a similar fashion to humans. The current experiment was designed to examine the natural progression of disease in S. hispidus at a later timepoint following a respiratory challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). An additional objective was to test whether cotton rats may become latently infected, and to determine whether latent disease might be activated by cyclophosphamide induced immune suppression. Thirty-four percent of the inoculated cotton rats died prior to 9 months following the challenge. However, 50% of immunocompetent animals surviving past 9 months demonstrated positive lung tissue cultures for Mtb without histologic evidence of disease. None of the immunosuppressed animals demonstrated this pattern. These findings are consistent with the development of latent tuberculosis infection in some cotton rats. Furthermore, it appears reactivation of disease occurs with cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression. Cotton rats may serve as a model for latent as well as active tuberculosis infection. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Elwood, Robert L.; Rajnik, Michael; Wilson, Samuel; Hemming, Val G.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Nikonenko, Boris] Sequella Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Yim, Kevin; Blanco, Jorge C. G.; Hemming, Val G.] Vir Syst Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Elwood, RL (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, 2200 Bergquist,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM relwood@usuhs.mil RI Mavoa, Suzanne/B-5372-2010 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R44 AI054297] NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1472-9792 J9 TUBERCULOSIS JI Tuberculosis PD MAR PY 2009 VL 89 IS 2 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.tube.2009.01.003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System SC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System GA 432LR UT WOS:000265135600013 PM 19223233 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Banerjee, R Hwang, JY Viswanathan, GB Tiley, J Dimiduk, DM Fraser, HL AF Srinivasan, R. Banerjee, R. Hwang, J. Y. Viswanathan, G. B. Tiley, J. Dimiduk, D. M. Fraser, H. L. TI Atomic Scale Structure and Chemical Composition across Order-Disorder Interfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; PROBE; OXIDES; OXYGEN; SEGREGATION; CERAMICS; STEM AB Through a combination of aberration-corrected high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom probe tomography, the true atomic-scale structure and change in chemical composition across the complex order-disorder interface in a metallic alloy has been determined. The study reveals the presence of two interfacial widths, one corresponding to an order-disorder transition, and the other to the compositional transition across the interface, raising fundamental questions regarding the definition of the interfacial width in such systems. C1 [Srinivasan, R.; Viswanathan, G. B.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Banerjee, R.; Hwang, J. Y.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tiley, J.; Dimiduk, D. M.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45309 USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 33 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 56 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 27 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 8 AR 086101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.086101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 413TU UT WOS:000263816200035 PM 19257756 ER PT J AU Kendall, BS Zahn, CM AF Kendall, Brian S. Zahn, Christopher M. TI The Use of Reflex High-risk Human Papillomavirus Testing for Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance Interpretations on Vaginal Specimens SO CANCER CYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; cytology; high-risk human papillomavirus; vaginal smears ID PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS; WOMEN; MANAGEMENT; CANCER; HYSTERECTOMIES AB BACKGROUND: The use of reflex high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing as a triage method for cervical specimens with an interpretation of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) is well established. To the authors' knowledge, very little has been reported regarding the utility of this approach in vaginal specimens in women with a prior hysterectomy, The current study evaluated the results of hrHPV testing in women with vaginal specimens interpreted as ASC-US in the authors' laboratory. METHODS: Follow-up information, including results of hrHPV testing, was sought for all vaginal smears reported as ASC-US from the authors' cytology laboratory during the calendar years 2005 and 2006. RESULTS: For the 2 years reviewed, 254 ASC-US vaginal specimens were available for assessment. Reflex hrHPV testing was requested on 236 (92.9%), with sufficient residual material available in 193 specimens. hrHPV was detected in 44 (22,8%). Follow-up results were available for 136 specimens, with a squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL, all but 1 of which was low grade) found to be present in 21 (15.4%). SIL was identified in significantly more women in whom hrHPV was detected compared with those in whom hrHPV was not detected (41.9% vs 4.2%; P < .001 by the Fisher exact test). CONCLUSIONS: Rates of detection of squamous abnormalities in women with ASC-US on vaginal preparations in whom hrHPV was detected were found to be higher than in those without hrHPV. Those findings suggest that clinical follow-up is needed for women in whom hrHPV is detected. hrHPV testing may be clinically useful as a method of triage for women with ASC-US vaginal smears. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009;117:27-31. Published 2009 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 [Kendall, Brian S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Zahn, Christopher M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kendall, BS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM brian.kendall@ackland.af.mil NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1934-662X J9 CANCER CYTOPATHOL JI Cancer Cytopathol. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 117 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1002/cncy.20012 PG 5 WC Oncology; Pathology SC Oncology; Pathology GA 407XW UT WOS:000263398600006 PM 19347826 ER PT J AU Aouadi, SM Paudel, Y Simonson, WJ Ge, Q Kohli, P Muratore, C Voevodin, AA AF Aouadi, S. M. Paudel, Y. Simonson, W. J. Ge, Q. Kohli, P. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. TI Tribological investigation of adaptive Mo2N/MoS2/Ag coatings with high sulfur content SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solid lubricants; Friction; Nanocomposites; Sputtering ID CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS; MO2N/AG NANOCOMPOSITE; THIN-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; SPACE AB Adaptive nanocomposite Mo2N/MoS2/Ag coatings were deposited on Inconel and silicon substrates by magnetron sputtering with individual targets of Mo, MoS2 and Ag. The tetragonal beta-Mo2N structure in addition to Ag and MoS2 phases were detected using X-ray diffraction. The elemental composition of the coatings was investigated using Auger electron spectroscopy. The tribological properties of the coatings were studied at room temperature (RT), 350, and 600 degrees C against Si3N4 balls. The lowest friction coefficients that were obtained were 0.4, 0.3, and 0.1 at RT 350 degrees C, and 600 degrees C, respectively. The average friction coefficient was maintained at 0.1 for more than 300,000 cycles at 600 degrees C due to the formation of lubricious silver molybdate phases at the contact surfaces. Three types of silver molybdate phases were detected by both Xray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy in the wear tracks, namely, Ag2Mo4O13, Ag2Mo2O7 and Ag2MoO4 depending on the Mo and Ag contents in the coatings. The superior performance of all three compounds is due to their layered structure with weaker Ag-O bridging bonds. These relatively weak bonds may shear or even break easily at high temperatures to account for the observed friction reduction. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aouadi, S. M.; Paudel, Y.; Simonson, W. J.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Ge, Q.; Kohli, P.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Muratore, C.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aouadi, SM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saouadi@physics.siu.edu RI Ge, Qingfeng/A-8498-2009; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 OI Ge, Qingfeng/0000-0001-6026-6693; FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0653986]; U.S. Department of the ARMY [W911NF-08-1-0460]; Air Force Summer Fellowship Program FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation (award # CMMI-0653986), the U.S. Department of the ARMY (award # W911NF-08-1-0460), and by an award from the Air Force Summer Fellowship Program. The authors also wish to thank Clay Watts of Southern Illinois University Laboratory for his technical assistance. NR 22 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 7 U2 86 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD FEB 25 PY 2009 VL 203 IS 10-11 BP 1304 EP 1309 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.10.040 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 411AD UT WOS:000263618600003 ER PT J AU Tao, X Albert, JM Chan, AA AF Tao, Xin Albert, Jay M. Chan, Anthony A. TI Numerical modeling of multidimensional diffusion in the radiation belts using layer methods SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATIONS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON ACCELERATION; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; SCATTERING; CHORUS; WAVES AB A new code using layer methods is presented to solve radiation belt diffusion equations and is used to explore effects of cross diffusion on electron fluxes. Previous results indicate that numerical problems arise when solving diffusion equations with cross diffusion when using simple finite difference methods. We show that layer methods, which are based on stochastic differential equations, are capable of solving diffusion equations with cross diffusion and are also generalizable to three dimensions. We run our layer code using two chorus wave models and a combined magnetosonic wave and hiss wave model (MH wave model). Both chorus and magnetosonic waves are capable of accelerating electrons to MeV levels in about a day. However, for the chorus wave models, omitting cross diffusion overestimates fluxes at high energies and small pitch angles, while for the MH wave model, ignoring cross diffusion overestimates fluxes at high energies and large pitch angles. These results show that cross diffusion is not ignorable and should be included when calculating radiation belt electron fluxes. C1 [Tao, Xin; Chan, Anthony A.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Albert, Jay M.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVBX, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Tao, X (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS 108,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM xtao@rice.edu; aac@rice.edu OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 FU NASA [NNG05GJ95G, NNX08AM36G, NNX08AI55G]; NSF [ATM0639772]; Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; CISM; National Science Foundation [0120950] FX This work is supported by NASA grants NNG05GJ95G, NNX08AM36G, and NNX08AI55G, by NSF grant ATM0639772, and by the Space Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. This material is based upon work supported in part by CISM, which is funded by the STC Program of the National Science Foundation under agreement ATM-0120950. NR 24 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 20 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A02215 DI 10.1029/2008JA013826 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 410YT UT WOS:000263614900006 ER PT J AU Khurgin, JB Sun, G Soref, RA AF Khurgin, J. B. Sun, G. Soref, R. A. TI Practical limits of absorption enhancement near metal nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE light absorption; nanoparticles; surface plasmon resonance ID SOLAR-CELLS AB We consider the enhanced absorption of optical radiation by molecules placed in the vicinity of spherical metal nanoparticles in the realistic situation that includes perturbation of the optical field by the absorbing molecules. We show that there is an optimal nanosphere radius that gives the strongest enhancement for each combination of the number of absorbing molecules, their absorption strength, and their distance from the nanosphere surface and that the enhancement is strong only for relatively weak and diluted absorbers. C1 [Khurgin, J. B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sun, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Soref, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Khurgin, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM greg.sun@umb.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8718-05-C-0030] FX This work is supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA8718-05-C-0030). NR 21 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 7 AR 071103 DI 10.1063/1.3081631 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 410SS UT WOS:000263599200003 ER PT J AU Jacobson, IG Smith, TC Smith, B Keel, PK Amoroso, PJ Wells, TS Bathalon, GP Boyko, EJ Ryan, MAK AF Jacobson, Isabel G. Smith, Tyler C. Smith, Besa Keel, Pamela K. Amoroso, Paul J. Wells, Timothy S. Bathalon, Gaston P. Boyko, Edward J. Ryan, Margaret A. K. CA Millennium Cohort Study Team TI Disordered Eating and Weight Changes After Deployment: Longitudinal Assessment of a Large US Military Cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body weight changes; cohort studies; eating disorders; military medicine; military personnel ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; READJUSTMENT RATING-SCALE; MENTAL-HEALTH PROBLEMS; GULF-WAR VETERANS; MILLENNIUM COHORT; CONTRIBUTING FACTORS; CAGE QUESTIONNAIRE; BULIMIA-NERVOSA; ALCOHOL-USE; PREVALENCE AB The effect of military deployments to combat environments on disordered eating and weight changes is unknown. Using longitudinal data from Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed baseline (2001-2003) and follow-up (2004-2006) questionnaires (n = 48,378), the authors investigated new-onset disordered eating and weight changes in a large military cohort. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare these outcomes among those who deployed and reported combat exposures, those who deployed but did not report combat exposures, and those who did not deploy in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Deployment was not significantly associated with new-onset disordered eating in women or men, after adjustment for baseline demographic, military, and behavioral characteristics. However, in subgroup comparison analyses of deployers, deployed women reporting combat exposures were 1.78 times more likely to report new-onset disordered eating (95% confidence interval: 1.02, 3.11) and 2.35 times more likely to lose 10% or more of their body weight compared with women who deployed but did not report combat exposures (95% confidence interval: 1.17, 4.70). Despite no significant overall association between deployment and disordered eating and weight changes, deployed women reporting combat exposures represent a subgroup at higher risk for developing eating problems and weight loss. C1 [Jacobson, Isabel G.; Smith, Tyler C.; Smith, Besa; Ryan, Margaret A. K.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Keel, Pamela K.] Florida State Univ, Dept Psychol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Amoroso, Paul J.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA USA. [Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bathalon, Gaston P.] USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Boyko, Edward J.] Dept Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Jacobson, IG (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM isabel.jacobson@med.navy.mil FU Military Operational Medicine Research Program of the US Army Medical Research; Materiel Command, Fort Dietrick, Maryland FX The Millennium Cohort Study is funded through the Military Operational Medicine Research Program of the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Dietrick, Maryland. NR 55 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 4 BP 415 EP 427 DI 10.1093/aje/kwn366 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 407ZR UT WOS:000263403300005 PM 19193718 ER PT J AU Cliver, EW Balasubramaniam, KS Nitta, NV Li, X AF Cliver, E. W. Balasubramaniam, K. S. Nitta, N. V. Li, X. TI Great geomagnetic storm of 9 November 1991: Association with a disappearing solar filament SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; EVENTS; HOLES; FIELD; WIND; DISTURBANCE; FLARES; SPEED AB We attribute the great geomagnetic storm on 8-10 November 1991 to a large-scale eruption that encompassed the disappearance of a similar to 25 degrees solar filament in the southern solar hemisphere. The resultant soft X-ray arcade spanned similar to 90 degrees of solar longitude. The rapid growth of an active region lying at one end of the X-ray arcade appears to have triggered the eruption. This is the largest geomagnetic storm yet associated with the eruption of a quiescent filament. The minimum hourly Dst value of -354 nT on 9 November 1991 compares with a minimum Dst value of -161 nT for the largest 27-day recurrent (coronal hole) storm observed from 1972 to 2005 and the minimum -559 nT value observed during the flare-associated storm of 14 March 1989, the greatest magnetic storm recorded during the space age. Overall, the November 1991 storm ranks 15th on a list of Dst storms from 1905 to 2004, surpassing in intensity such well-known storms as 14 July 1982 (-310 nT) and 15 July 2000 (-317 nT). We used the Cliver et al. and Gopalswamy et al. empirical models of coronal mass ejection propagation in the solar wind to provide consistency checks on the eruption/storm association. C1 [Cliver, E. W.; Balasubramaniam, K. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Nitta, N. V.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Li, X.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cliver, EW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil OI Balasubramaniam, Krishnan/0000-0003-2221-0933 NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A00A20 DI 10.1029/2008JA013232 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 406YS UT WOS:000263331400001 ER PT J AU Leyser, TB Norin, L McCarrick, M Pedersen, TR Gustavsson, B AF Leyser, T. B. Norin, L. McCarrick, M. Pedersen, T. R. Gustavsson, B. TI Radio Pumping of Ionospheric Plasma with Orbital Angular Momentum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Experimental results are presented of pumping ionospheric plasma with a radio wave carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), using the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility in Alaska. Optical emissions from the pumped plasma turbulence exhibit the characteristic ring-shaped morphology when the pump beam carries OAM. Features of stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEE) that are attributed to cascading Langmuir turbulence are well developed for a regular beam but are significantly weaker for a ring-shaped OAM beam in which case upper hybrid turbulence dominates the SEE. C1 [Leyser, T. B.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Norin, L.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [McCarrick, M.] BAE SYST Adv Technol, Washington, DC USA. [Pedersen, T. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Gustavsson, B.] Univ Tromso, Dept Phys & Technol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. RP Leyser, TB (reprint author), Swedish Inst Space Phys, Box 537, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. OI Norin, Lars/0000-0002-4994-1659 FU Swedish Research Council; AFOSR [2311AS]; U. S. Air Force and U. S. Navy FX We gratefully acknowledge Ralph Wuerker for additional experimental data, Lennart Ahlen, Paul Bernhardt, Craig Selcher, and the HAARP staff for support, and Tobia Carozzi for comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the Swedish Research Council. Work at AFRL was conducted under AFOSR task 2311AS. HAARP is a Department of Defense project operated jointly by the U. S. Air Force and U. S. Navy. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 13 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 AR 065004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.065004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 407UJ UT WOS:000263389500030 PM 19257597 ER PT J AU Winick, JR Wintersteiner, PP Picard, RH Esplin, D Mlynczak, MG Russell, JM Gordley, LL AF Winick, J. R. Wintersteiner, P. P. Picard, R. H. Esplin, D. Mlynczak, M. G. Russell, J. M., III Gordley, L. L. TI OH layer characteristics during unusual boreal winters of 2004 and 2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WIND IMAGING INTERFEROMETER; ROCKET MEASUREMENTS; CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERE; NIGHTGLOW; ALOHA-93; AIRGLOW AB We report observations of unusual mesospheric OH airglow made by the SABER instrument on the TIMED satellite. During portions of the boreal winters of 2004 and 2006, and over much of the region poleward of 60 degrees N, the OH layer was similar to 5-8 km lower than normal and twice as bright. Using retrieved volume emission rates (VERs) in two SABER channels, we document the characteristics, spatial extent, and temporal variability of the anomalous behavior. We show that it is correlated with unusual mesospheric and upper stratospheric temperature patterns that have been reported, and other observations. The unusual layer properties are likely produced by enhanced downward transport of atomic oxygen, a circumstance consistent with the planetary wave dynamics thought to be responsible for the other changes. These observations raise the possibility of using easily observed OH airglow as a proxy for perturbed meteorological conditions. C1 [Winick, J. R.] RVBYM, AF Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. [Wintersteiner, P. P.] Arcon Corp, Waltham, MA USA. [Esplin, D.] Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Mlynczak, M. G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Russell, J. M., III] Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Gordley, L. L.] Gordley Analyt & Tech Software, Newport News, VA USA. RP Winick, JR (reprint author), RVBYM, AF Res Lab, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01730 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@hanscom.af.mil RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NASA TIMED; NASA HQ Space FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research ( Kent Miller, Program Manager) and by the NASA TIMED mission under the SABER project. D. E. also acknowledges support from NASA HQ Space Grant. J. R. W. wishes to thank Doran Baker of Utah State University for supporting D. E. under the NASA Space Grant program. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A02303 DI 10.1029/2008JA013688 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 404UX UT WOS:000263179600002 ER PT J AU Gong, KP Du, F Xia, ZH Durstock, M Dai, LM AF Gong, Kuanping Du, Feng Xia, Zhenhai Durstock, Michael Dai, Liming TI Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Arrays with High Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS; MODIFIED ELECTRODES; NANOCOMPOSITE AB The large- scale practical application of fuel cells will be difficult to realize if the expensive platinum- based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions ( ORRs) cannot be replaced by other efficient, low- cost, and stable electrodes. Here, we report that vertically aligned nitrogen- containing carbon nanotubes ( VA- NCNTs) can act as a metal- free electrode with a much better electrocatalytic activity, long- term operation stability, and tolerance to crossover effect than platinum for oxygen reduction in alkaline fuel cells. In air- saturated 0.1 molar potassium hydroxide, we observed a steady- state output potential of - 80 millivolts and a current density of 4.1 milliamps per square centimeter at - 0.22 volts, compared with - 85 millivolts and 1.1 milliamps per square centimeter at - 0.20 volts for a platinum- carbon electrode. The incorporation of electron- accepting nitrogen atoms in the conjugated nanotube carbon plane appears to impart a relatively high positive charge density on adjacent carbon atoms. This effect, coupled with aligning the NCNTs, provides a four- electron pathway for the ORR on VA- NCNTs with a superb performance. C1 [Gong, Kuanping; Du, Feng; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Gong, Kuanping; Du, Feng; Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Xia, Zhenhai] Univ Akron, Dept Mech Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Durstock, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, RXBP, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Dai, Liming] Univ Dayton, Inst Dev & Commercializat Adv Sensor Technol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Dai, Liming] Wright Bros Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Dai, LM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem Engn, 300 College Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM ldai@udayton.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-1-0384] FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support for this work from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant FA9550-06-1-0384). K. G. thanks L. Qu and J. Zhu for help with some initial work. NR 27 TC 2698 Z9 2744 U1 406 U2 2302 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 6 PY 2009 VL 323 IS 5915 BP 760 EP 764 DI 10.1126/science.1168049 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 403EV UT WOS:000263066800040 PM 19197058 ER PT J AU Sell, JF Miller, W Wright, D Zhdanov, BV Knize, RJ AF Sell, J. F. Miller, W. Wright, D. Zhdanov, B. V. Knize, R. J. TI Frequency narrowing of a 25 W broad area diode laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE holographic gratings; laser cavity resonators; laser frequency stability; laser modes; semiconductor lasers; spectral line narrowing ID EXTERNAL-CAVITY; ARRAY BAR; POWER; BANDWIDTH; FEEDBACK; OUTPUT; NM AB We report on the spectral narrowing of a high powered (25 W) broad area diode laser using an external cavity with a holographic diffraction grating. In a Littman-Metcalf configuration, the external cavity is able to reduce the linewidth of the diode laser to primarily a single longitudinal mode (1.8 MHz) for output powers of <= 10 W at 852 nm. Many physics applications could benefit from such high powered, narrow linewidth lasers; however both the frequency stability and the spatial profile of the output beam show room for improvement. C1 [Sell, J. F.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Sell, JF (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jerry.sell@usafa.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers; National Science Foundation [0758185] FX We gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Joint Technology Office for High Energy Lasers, and the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 0758185) for their support of this work. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 2 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 5 AR 051115 DI 10.1063/1.3079418 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 404QB UT WOS:000263167000015 ER PT J AU Gillen, GD Baughman, K Guha, S AF Gillen, Glen D. Baughman, Kendra Guha, Shekhar TI Application of Hertz vector diffraction theory to the diffraction of focused Gaussian beams and calculations of focal parameters SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CONVERGING ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; NONPARAXIAL PROPAGATION; CIRCULAR APERTURE; SHIFTS; LIGHT; FIELD AB Hertz vector diffraction theory is applied to a focused TEM00 Gaussian light field passing through a circular aperture. The resulting theoretical vector field model reproduces plane-wave diffractive behavior for severely clipped beams, expected Gaussian beam behavior for unperturbed focused Gaussian beams as well as unique diffracted-Gaussian behavior between the two regimes. The maximum intensity obtainable and the width of the beam in the focal plane are investigated as a function of the clipping ratio between the aperture radius and the beam width in the aperture plane. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Gillen, Glen D.; Baughman, Kendra] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Guha, Shekhar] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gillen, GD (reprint author), Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Phys, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. EM ggillen@calpoly.edu NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 2 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 3 BP 1478 EP 1492 DI 10.1364/OE.17.001478 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 408JX UT WOS:000263432400036 PM 19188977 ER PT J AU Hong, GY Heinz, H Naik, RR Farmer, BL Pachter, R AF Hong, Gongyi Heinz, Hendrik Naik, Rajesh R. Farmer, Barry L. Pachter, Ruth TI Toward Understanding Amino Acid Adsorption at Metallic Interfaces: A Density Functional Theory Study SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE amino acid surface binding affinity; biological mental interface; density functional theory ID AB-INITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TRANSITION-ELEMENTS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SURFACES; ENERGY; BINDING; POLARIZABILITIES; NANOCRYSTALS; BIOMOLECULES; SIMULATIONS AB In examing adsorption of a few selected amino acids on Au and Pd cluster models by density functional theory calculations, we have shown that specific side chain binding affinity to the surface may occur because of a combination of effects, including charge transfer, Larger binding was calculated at the Pd interface. In addition, the interplay between amino acid solvation and adsorption at the interface was considered from first principles. This analysis serves as the first step toward gaining a more accurate understanding of specific interactions at the interface of biological-metal nanostructures than has been attempted in the past. C1 [Hong, Gongyi; Naik, Rajesh R.; Farmer, Barry L.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hong, Gongyi] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU NRC RAP fellowship; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program; AFRL Major Shared Resource Center FX G. Hong acknowledges partial support of a NRC RAP fellowship. The DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program is gratefully acknowledged for computer time and the AFRL Major Shared Resource Center for helpful support. B. Akdim is acknowledged for helpful discussions. Insightful comments by the referees are thankfully acknowledged. NR 41 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB PY 2009 VL 1 IS 2 BP 388 EP 392 DI 10.1021/am800099z PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 464VJ UT WOS:000267535700026 PM 20353228 ER PT J AU Hospodar, SJ Schmitz, MR Golish, SR Ruder, CR Miller, MD AF Hospodar, Steven J. Schmitz, Matthew R. Golish, S. Raymond Ruder, Craig R. Miller, Mark D. TI FasT-Fix Versus Inside-Out Suture Meniscal Repair in the Goat Model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the American-Orthopaedic-Society-for-Sports-Medicine CY JUL 12-15, 2007 CL Calgary, CANADA SP Amer Orthopaed Soc Sports Med DE meniscus; animal study; meniscal fixation techniques; repair; all-inside; FasT-Fix ID BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION; CHONDRAL INJURY; FOREIGN-BODY; ARROW; FAILURE; KNEE; MENISCECTOMY; IMPLANT; SYSTEMS; DEVICES AB Background: Recent all-inside meniscal repair devices are available, but in vivo studies with these devices are sparse. Hypothesis: The FasT-Fix has inferior meniscal healing compared with the inside-out suture technique in the goat model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval, 73 male castrated goats (Capra hircus) underwent a 2-cm meniscal incision and subsequent repair with the FasT-Fix device on one knee and inside-out meniscal repair on the contralateral knee. Both repairs used a vertical mattress suture technique. Access to the menisci was via an open technique with an extra-articular osteotomy of the medial collateral ligament origin on the femur. The animals were then allowed to ambulate unrestricted in a pasture after a 7-day stay in cages. Necropsy was carried out 6 months postoperatively, and the menisci and articular cartilage were studied with gross and microscopic inspection. Results: Nine of the 73 animals were excluded before necropsy. A total of 64 animals underwent necropsy, gross measurement of residual lesions, gross evaluation for chondral damage, histologic evaluation of meniscal repair, histologic evaluation of any adjacent inflammatory reaction to implants, and data analysis. Compared with the inside-out group, the FasT- Fix group had longer residual full- thickness defects (1.2 +/- 2.9 mm vs 0.2 +/- 1.1 mm; P = .011) and longer residual partial- thickness defects (8.4 +/- 6.3 mm vs 3.6 +/- 5.5 mm; P <.001). A total of 148 FasT-Fix devices were placed for 73 knees. Two devices were replaced for improper deployment. The device deployed and attached correctly 146 of 148 times for a success rate of 98.6%. There was no gross chondral damage and no histologic findings of inflammatory reaction to the implants with either technique. Conclusions: The FasT-Fix meniscal repair had inferior meniscal healing results in this animal model. Previous studies using this animal model have paralleled clinical outcomes. Implantation of the FasT-Fix device does not damage adjacent femoral or tibial cartilage. The deployment of the FasT-Fix implant was simple and reproducible. There was no inflammatory reaction to the FasTFix implant. Clinical Relevance: The FasT-Fix meniscal repair has inferior meniscal healing results compared with the inside- out meniscal repair technique in the goat model. The clinical significance of this finding is not known. Further clinical study of the FasT- Fix implant is warranted. C1 [Hospodar, Steven J.; Schmitz, Matthew R.; Ruder, Craig R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Golish, S. Raymond; Miller, Mark D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Orthopaed, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Hospodar, SJ (reprint author), Barksdale AFB, 1004 Bayberry Circle, Shreveport, LA 71106 USA. EM steve_hospodar@hotmail.com NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 330 EP 333 DI 10.1177/0363546508325667 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 401PO UT WOS:000262954200014 PM 19029315 ER PT J AU Druger, SD Czege, J Li, ZZ Bronk, BV AF Druger, Stephen D. Czege, Jozsef Li, Zhaozhang Bronk, Burt V. TI Light scattering calculations exploring sensitivity of depolarization ratio to shape changes. I. Single spores in air SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION AB Calculations of the depolarization ratio, D(Theta,lambda) = 1 - < S-22 >/< S-11 >, for light scattered from an ensemble or cloud of single aerosolized spores in air were studied using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA), sometimes also called the coupled-dipole approximation. Here S-ij is the appropriate Mueller matrix element for scattering angle Theta and wavelength 2. The effect of modest shape changes on D(Theta,lambda) was determined. The shapes compared were prolate ellipsoids versus right circular cylinders joined smoothly to end caps consisting of hemispheres of the same diameter as the cylinder. Using the same models, the graphs of < S-34 >/< S-11 > versus angle were compared with those for D(Theta,lambda). The latter shows sensitivity to length in some cases we examined, while < S-34 >/< S-11 > does not. Size parameters and optical constants suggested by measurements of Bacillus cereus endospores were used. An ensemble of spores was modeled with prolate spheroids. The results of this model were compared with results of a model using the same size and optical parameters, but for capped cylinders. The two models produced distinguishably different results for the same parameters. In calculations for all the graphs shown, averaging over random orientations was performed. Averaging over size distributions similar to those from experimental measurements was performed where indicated. The results show that measurements of D(Theta,lambda) could be quite useful in characterizing the shape of particles in an unknown aerosol and for distinguishing between two likely shapes, but not to reconstruct the shapes from the graphs alone without additional information. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Druger, Stephen D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Czege, Jozsef; Li, Zhaozhang] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Bronk, Burt V.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bronk, Burt V.] USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Druger, SD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM steve_druger@uml.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 4 BP 716 EP 724 DI 10.1364/AO.48.000716 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 422FR UT WOS:000264413400034 PM 19183599 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JB Schaefer, ZD Meyer, TR Roy, S Danczyk, SA Gord, JR AF Schmidt, Jacob B. Schaefer, Zane D. Meyer, Terrence R. Roy, Sukesh Danczyk, Stephen A. Gord, James R. TI Ultrafast time-gated ballistic-photon imaging and shadowgraphy in optically dense rocket sprays SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Meeting on Laser Applications to Chemical and Environment Analysis CY MAR 15-20, 2008 CL St Petersburg, FL ID ATOMIZING SPRAY; TURBID MEDIA; LASER-PULSES; FUEL SPRAYS; NEAR-FIELD AB Time-gated ballistic-photon imaging is a form of shadowgraphy in which an ultrashort, optical-Kerr-effect (order 2 ps) time gate is used to enhance the relative intensity of ballistic versus multiply scattered photons. In the current work, this technique is adapted for what is believed to be the first time for use in the moderately dense environment (optical density similar to 1.5 to 2) of a high-speed 5 to 15 mm diameter rocket spray to improve image contrast and observe liquid-breakup phenomena. Unlike coherence gating, which is another form of ballistic imaging, the time-gating approach allows sufficient signal levels from ballistic and near-ballistic photons to enable time-resolved single-shot imaging. Direct comparisons with non-time-gated shadowgraphy indicate that the two techniques are sensitive to different features of the flowfield, with regions composed of a dense field of droplets being highly attenuated in conventional shadowgrams but appearing transparent to ballistic photons. This enables significant image contrast enhancement (similar to 6.6:1) of liquid-core structures and facilitates improved understanding of the primary and secondary breakup processes in sprays of moderate optical density. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Schmidt, Jacob B.; Schaefer, Zane D.; Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. [Danczyk, Stephen A.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meyer, TR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trm@iastate.edu RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 4 BP B137 EP B144 DI 10.1364/AO.48.00B137 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 422FR UT WOS:000264413400019 PM 19183571 ER PT J AU Piva, SR Fitzgerald, GK Irrgang, JJ Fritz, JM Wisniewski, S McGinty, GT Childs, JD Domenech, MA Jones, S Delitto, A AF Piva, Sara R. Fitzgerald, G. Kelley Irrgang, James J. Fritz, Julie M. Wisniewski, Stephen McGinty, Gerald T. Childs, John D. Domenech, Manuel A. Jones, Scott Delitto, Anthony TI Associates of Physical Function and Pain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE Anxiety; Fear; Pain; Patella; Quality of life; Rehabilitation ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; FEAR-AVOIDANCE BELIEFS; ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN; CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION; CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN; CHRONIC MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; CHONDROMALACIA PATELLAE; PSYCHOLOGICAL-FACTORS; QUADRICEPS STRENGTH; SELF-EFFICACY AB Objectives: To explore whether impairment of muscle strength, soft tissue length, movement control, postural and biomechanic alterations, and psychologic factors are associated with physical function and pain in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Rehabilitation outpatient. Participants: Seventy-four patients diagnosed with PFPS. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Measurements were self-reported function and pain; strength of quadriceps, hip abduction, and hip external rotation; length of hamstrings, quadriceps, plantar flexors, iliotibial band/tensor fasciae latae complex, and lateral retinaculum; foot pronation; Q-angle; tibial torsion; visual observation of quality of movement during a lateral step-down task; anxiety; and fear-avoidance beliefs. Results: After controlling for age and sex, anxiety and fear-avoidance beliefs about work and physical activity were associated with function, while only fear-avoidance beliefs about work and physical activity were associated with pain. Conclusions: Psychologic factors were the only associates of function and pain in patients with PFPS. Factors related to physical impairments did not associate to function or pain. Our results should be validated in other samples of patients with PFPS. Further studies should determine the role of other psychologic factors, and how they relate to anxiety and fear-avoidance beliefs in these patients. C1 [Piva, Sara R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, SHRS, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Irrgang, James J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wisniewski, Stephen] Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Fritz, Julie M.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys Therapy, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [McGinty, Gerald T.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Childs, John D.] Baylor Univ, USA, Doctor Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Domenech, Manuel A.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Rehabil Sci, Odessa, TX USA. [Jones, Scott] Ramstein Air Base, Ramstein Outpatient Phys Med Clin, Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Piva, SR (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys Therapy, SHRS, Room 6035,Forbes Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM spiva@pitt.edu OI Wisniewski, Stephen/0000-0002-3877-9860 FU Clinical Research Grant Program of the Orthopacclic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association; Pennsylvania Physical Therapy Association Research Fund FX Supported by the Clinical Research Grant Program of the Orthopacclic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association, and the Pennsylvania Physical Therapy Association Research Fund. NR 89 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 90 IS 2 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.08.214 PG 11 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 410KX UT WOS:000263577000011 PM 19236982 ER PT J AU Ibey, BL Xiao, S Schoenbach, KH Murphy, MR Pakhomov, AG AF Ibey, Bennett L. Xiao, Shu Schoenbach, Karl H. Murphy, Michael R. Pakhomov, Andrei G. TI Plasma Membrane Permeabilization by 60-and 600-ns Electric Pulses Is Determined by the Absorbed Dose SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE dose effect; electropermeabilization; cell membrane; patch-clamp ID HIGH-INTENSITY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; FIELD NSPEF; NANOSECOND; ELECTROPORATION; APOPTOSIS; TISSUES; DAMAGE AB We explored how the effect of plasma membrane permeabilization by nanosecond-duration electric pulses (nsEP) depends on the physical characteristics of exposure. The resting membrane resistance (R,) and membrane potential (MP) were measured in cultured GH3 and CHO cells by conventional whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Intact cells were exposed to a single nsEP (60 or 600 ns duration, 0-22 kV/cm), followed by patch-clamp measurements after a 2-3 min delay. Consistent with earlier findings, nsEP caused long-lasting R-m decrease, accompanied by the loss of MP. The threshold for these effects was about 6 kV/cm for 60 ns pulses, and about 1 kV/cm for 600 ns pulses. Further analysis established that it was neither pulse duration nor the E-field amplitude per se, but the absorbed dose that determined the magnitude of the biological effect. In other words, exposure to nsEP at either pulse duration caused equal effects if the absorbed doses were equal. The threshold absorbed dose to produce plasma membrane effects in either GH3 or CHO cells at either pulse duration was found to be at or below 10 Despite being determined by the dose, the nsEP effect clearly is not thermal, as the maximum heating at the threshold dose is less than 0.01 degrees C. The use of the absorbed dose as a universal exposure metric may help to compare and quantify nsEP sensitivity of different cell types and of cells in different physiological conditions. The absorbed dose may also prove to be a more useful metric than the incident E-field in determining safety limits for high peak, low average power EMF emissions. Bioelectromagnetics 30: 92-99, 2009. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc, C1 [Ibey, Bennett L.; Murphy, Michael R.] USAF, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. [Xiao, Shu; Schoenbach, Karl H.; Pakhomov, Andrei G.] Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Ibey, BL (reprint author), USAF, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. EM bennettibey@gmail.com FU National Cancer Institute (NIH) [R01CA125482] FX Grant sponsors: National Cancer Institute (NIH), grant number: R01CA125482: Michael R. Murphy (Air Force Research Laboratory Fellows); HQAF SGRS Clinical Investigation Pro-ram (Neurological Impacts of Nanosecond Electric Pulse Exposure). NR 32 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-8462 EI 1521-186X J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD FEB PY 2009 VL 30 IS 2 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1002/bem.20451 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 406OD UT WOS:000263303900002 PM 18839412 ER PT J AU Wang, X Pan, E Albrecht, JD Feng, WJ AF Wang, X. Pan, E. Albrecht, J. D. Feng, W. J. TI Effective properties of multilayered functionally graded multiferroic composites SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Multiferroics; Functionally graded material; 2-2 connectivity; Effective properties ID STABILITY; PLATE AB A micromechanics approach is employed to derive the effective properties (including the thermal properties) of a multilayered functionally graded multiferroic composite with 2-2 connectivity among the phases. Concise matrix expressions of the effective properties of the layered composite are presented. The derived formulas are then applied to find the explicit expressions of the effective properties for three practical cases: (a) a multiferroic composite composed of an orthotropic piezoelectric phase and an orthotropic magnetostrictive phase; (b) a multiferroic composite composed of an orthotropic piezoelectric phase, an orthotropic maganetostrictive phase and an orthotropic elastic substrate; (c) a multiferroic composite composed of a functionally graded orthotropic piezoelectric phase and a functionally graded orthotropic magnetostrictive phase. Our results clearly show that: (i) the magnetoelectric coupling effect for case (b) dramatically drops as the volume of the elastic substrate increases and (ii) the magnetoelectric coupling effect for case (c) can be significantly enhanced or reduced depending on the material gradient manner for the functionally graded piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, X.; Pan, E.; Feng, W. J.] Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Wang, X.; Pan, E.; Feng, W. J.] Univ Akron, Dept Appl Math, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Albrecht, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805 FU AFOSR [FA95500-6-1-0317] FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR FA95500-6-1-0317. The authors are also grateful for the constructive comments from the reviewers and the editor. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 87 IS 3 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.01.006 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 381VI UT WOS:000261563600003 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Summers, S AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Summers, Shane TI Predictor of mortality in suspected propofol infusion syndrome-Brugada electrocardiographic pattern SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Summers, Shane] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Emergency Med, Irvine, CA USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 37 IS 2 BP 795 EP 796 DI 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181959c79 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 402LI UT WOS:000263014800083 PM 19325396 ER PT J AU Weitzel, MEK McMains, KC Wormald, PJ AF Weitzel, Major Erik K. McMains, K. Christopher Wormald, Peter-John TI Comprehensive surgical management of the aerosinusitis patient SO CURRENT OPINION IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY & HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article DE aerosinusitis; endoscopic sinus surgery; sinus barotraumas ID ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY; MODIFIED LOTHROP PROCEDURE; FRONTAL-SINUS; BAROTRAUMA; AIR; CLARITHROMYCIN; AVIATORS; OUTCOMES; MUCOSA AB Purpose of review Provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology and surgical management strategies of sinus barotrauma with attention to recent advancements in endoscopic surgical technique. Recent findings New endoscopic frontal sinus surgery techniques have been shown to be highly effective with rhinosinusitis management, but these techniques have not been evaluated with sinus barotrauma management. Summary We discuss the surgical goals and expectations with sinus barotrauma and contrast these to those with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Sinus barotrauma surgery requires anatomic patency of involved sinuses whereas CRS patients are satisfied with a lack of symptoms from any residual mucosal disease C1 [Wormald, Peter-John] Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia. [Weitzel, Major Erik K.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [McMains, K. Christopher] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Wormald, PJ (reprint author), Queen Elizabeth Hosp, 28 Woodville Rd, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia. EM peterjwormald@adelaide.edu NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1068-9508 J9 CURR OPIN OTOLARYNGO JI Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32831b9caa PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 421NS UT WOS:000264366200004 PM 19235278 ER PT J AU Rajagopaian, S Anderson, T Cox, S Harvey, G Cheng, QQ Jackson, WA AF Rajagopaian, Srinath Anderson, Todd Cox, Stephen Harvey, Greg Cheng, Qiuqiong Jackson, W. Andrew TI Perchlorate in Wet Deposition Across North America SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NATURAL PERCHLORATE; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; NEW-MEXICO; GROUNDWATER; FOOD AB Natural perchlorate is believed to be of atmospheric origin, yet no systematic study has been conducted to evaluate perchlorate deposition rate and possible seasonal or spatial variations. This study evaluated perchlorate concentrations in weekly composite wet deposition samples acquired through the National Atmospheric Deposition Program from 26 sites across the continental United States, Alaska, and Puerto Rico for a 1-3 year period. Perchlorate concentrations varied from <5 ng/L to a high of 102 ng/L with a mean of 14.1 +/- 13.5 ng/L for the 1578 total samples. The annual perchlorate flux by site ranged from a low of 12.5 (TX) to 157 mg/ha-year (NE) and averaged 65 +/- 30 mg/ha-year for all sites. Perchlorate concentrations and flux in wet deposition were generally highest in May-August declining to lows in December-February. Average annual perchlorate flux was correlated (r > 0.5; p < 0.001) with Ca(2+) K(+), NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), Cl(-), and SO(4)(-2). Wet deposition rate of ClO(4)(-) the conterminous United States (excluding Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico) while diffuse, represents a potential annual net mass flux of 51 000 kg, a value comparable to the estimated annual environmental releases from other known ClO(4)(-) sources. C1 [Rajagopaian, Srinath; Jackson, W. Andrew] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Anderson, Todd; Cox, Stephen] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Harvey, Greg] USAF, Air Force Mat Command ASC ENVR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cheng, Qiuqiong] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Pharm, Ctr Pharmacogenet, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Jackson, WA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM andrew.jackson@ttu.edu RI Jackson, William/B-8999-2009; Cox, Stephen/A-5037-2010 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [EP1485]; National Atmospheric Deposition Program FX We acknowledge the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program for its support of this research (EP1485) and the National Atmospheric Deposition Program for facilitating the acquisition of samples. NR 24 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 3 BP 616 EP 622 DI 10.1021/es801737u PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401FX UT WOS:000262926400018 PM 19244992 ER PT J AU Stephens, MB Maslach, A Childress, M AF Stephens, Mark B. Maslach, Amelita Childress, Marc TI The Role of Industry in Brand or Generic Drug Recognition SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID PHARMACEUTICAL-INDUSTRY C1 [Stephens, Mark B.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Maslach, Amelita] Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. RP Stephens, MB (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mstephens@usuhs.mil RI Stephens, Mark/A-2679-2015 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 41 IS 2 BP 82 EP 83 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 405WI UT WOS:000263254500001 PM 19184678 ER PT J AU Kearfott, KJ Dewey, SC AF Kearfott, Kimberlee J. Dewey, Steven C. TI A Method for the Quantitative Gamma Spectroscopic Analysis of an Unusually Shaped Unknown Source SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; detector, germanium; naturally occurring radionuclides; spectrometry, gamma ID DETECTORS AB An unmarked cylindrical device identified as a ceramic high voltage capacitor needed its radioactivity assessed so that proper disposal and shipping requirements could be met. Using a high purity germanium detector, naturally occuring Th-232 was identified as the source of radioactivity. A series of point source measurements was made along the length of the item's axis using energy as one of the primary Th-232 progeny photopeaks. These measurements were then numerically integrated to determine the response of the detector to a title source. A correction for the self shielding of the item was estimated using Monte Carlo simulations. The item was found to contain approximately 1.85 X 10(5) Bq of uniformly distributed Th-232. The overall method has application to any unusually shaped source, with point source measurements performed using air appropriate radionuclide used to establish an overall sensitivity of the detector, including its dead layer, to the radioactivity in a simple geometric representation of the object, A it estimation of self shielding from Monte Carlo is then applied to that result. Health Phys. 96(Supplement 1):S31-S36; 2009 C1 [Kearfott, Kimberlee J.] Univ Michigan, Radiol Hlth Engn Lab, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dewey, Steven C.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Occupat Environm Hlth Div, Hlth Phys Branch,Radiat Anal Labs, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Kearfott, KJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Radiol Hlth Engn Lab, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd,1906 Cooley Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kearfottk@hotmail.com OI Kearfott, Kimberlee/0000-0002-8698-0913 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 SU S BP S31 EP S36 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 398JR UT WOS:000262728900007 PM 19125054 ER PT J AU Alise, M Roberts, RG Repperger, DW Moore, CA Tosunoglu, S AF Alise, Marc Roberts, Rodney G. Repperger, Daniel W. Moore, Carl A., Jr. Tosunoglu, Sabri TI On Extending the Wave Variable Method to Multiple-DOF Teleoperation Systems SO IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS LA English DT Article DE Teleoperation; time delay; wave variables ID BILATERAL TELEOPERATION; TIME-DELAY; PREDICTION; FEEDBACK; INTERNET; DESIGN AB It is well known that providing a human operator with contact force information can significantly improve task performance in a teleoperation system. Unfortunately, time delay is a serious problem for such systems. Even a small time delay in a bilateral teleoperation system will generally degrade the system's performance and cause instability. Consequently, without some form of compensation for time delay, latencies in a teleoperation system would preclude the use of force feedback. Fortunately, there are approaches based on scattering theory and passivity that can compensate for time delay and allow the use of force feedback in teleoperation systems with latencies. In particular, the wave variable method is a passivity-based approach that guarantees stability for any fixed time delay. Since its introduction, the wave variable method has been augmented with predictors to compensate for variable time delay. The wave variable formalism has also been extended to multiple-DOF systems by replacing scalar damping constants with a family of impedance matrices. In this paper, the authors generalize this last approach to include a larger family of impedance matrices. The paper includes a complete derivation of the extended family of impedance matrices as well as simulation and experimental results to illustrate the approach. C1 [Alise, Marc; Roberts, Rodney G.] Florida State Univ, Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Repperger, Daniel W.] USAF, Res Lab, 711HPW, RHCV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Moore, Carl A., Jr.] Florida State Univ, Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Tosunoglu, Sabri] Florida Int Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Alise, M (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM alise@eng.fsu.edu; rroberts@eng.fsu.edu; daniel.repperger@wpafb.af.mil; camoore@eng.fsu.edu; tosun@fiu.edu NR 27 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4435 EI 1941-014X J9 IEEE-ASME T MECH JI IEEE-ASME Trans. Mechatron. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 14 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1109/TMECH.2008.2006181 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 409VR UT WOS:000263534400006 ER PT J AU Deng, H Himed, B AF Deng, Hai Himed, Braham TI A Virtual Antenna Beamforming (VAB) Approach for Radar Systems by Using Orthogonal Coding Waveforms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Active antenna array; digital beamforming; orthogonal waveforms; phased arrays; virtual antenna beams ID PERFORMANCE AB An innovative approach is introduced to form virtual transmitting and receiving radar antenna beams simultaneously by transmitting orthogonal coding waveforms from the antenna elements and digitally processing of their echoes at the receiver. Multiple virtual transmitting-receiving beams can be formed simultaneously by employing an equal number of beamforming filters without increasing transmitting power or antenna gain or resolution loss. The virtually formed antenna beams can provide equivalent antenna gains and spatial resolutions as the conventional phased arrays of the same size. Because the actual antenna radiation pattern can be made almost isotropic, the new system has low probability of intercept (LPI) property. With both transmitting and receiving beams virtually implemented through digital filtering, costly radiation phase shift used in phased arrays is not needed for beam scanning in the proposed system. C1 [Deng, Hai] Univ N Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Himed, Braham] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deng, H (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM hai@unt.edu NR 27 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 425 EP 435 DI 10.1109/TAP.2008.2011387 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 444MI UT WOS:000265984700014 ER PT J AU Gadhamshetty, V Johnson, DC Nirmalakhandan, N Smith, GB Deng, SG AF Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana Johnson, David C. Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany Smith, Geoff B. Deng, Shuguang TI Feasibility of biohydrogen production at low temperatures in unbuffered reactors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biohydrogen; Intermittent pressure release; Temperature; Anaerobic fermentation; Gibbs free energy; Unbuffered; Bioenergy ID FERMENTATIVE HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; ACETONE-BUTANOL FERMENTATION; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; GAS-PRODUCTION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; WASTE-WATER; PH; GLUCOSE AB Feasibility of biohydrogen production by dark fermentation at two temperatures (22 degrees C and 37 degrees C) in unbuffered batch reactors was evaluated using heat-treated compost as inocula and sucrose as substrate, without any initial pH adjustment or inorganic nutrient supplements. Gas production was quantified by two different pressure release methods intermittent pressure release (IPR) and continuous pressure release (CPR). Hydrogen production (47.2 mL/g COD/L) and sucrose-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency (53%) were both found to be highest at the lower temperature and IPR conditions. Hydrogen production was higher at the lower temperature irrespective of the pressure release condition. The high yield of 4.3 mol of hydrogen/mole of sucrose obtained in this study under IPR conditions at 22 degrees C is equivalent to or better than the literature values reported for buffered reactors. Even though literature reports have implied potential inhibition of hydrogen production at high hydrogen partial pressures resulting from IPR conditions, our results did not show any negative effects at hydrogen partial pressures exceeding 5.0 x 10(4) Pa. While our findings are contrary to literature reports, they make a strong case for cost-effective hydrogen production by dark fermentation. (C) 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana] USAF, Res Lab, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. [Johnson, David C.] New Mexico State Univ, Inst Energy & Environm, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Smith, Geoff B.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Deng, Shuguang] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Gadhamshetty, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 139 Barnes Dr, Panama City, FL 32403 USA. EM vgadhamshetty@fairpoint.net RI Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana/B-5609-2009; Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany/A-3071-2008; Deng, Shuguang/G-5926-2011 OI Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany/0000-0003-2002-909X; Deng, Shuguang/0000-0003-2892-3504 FU Office of Vice President for Research at New Mexico State University; National Science Foundation's CBET Division [0607175] FX This study was funded in part by the Office of Vice President for Research at New Mexico State University and by the National Science Foundation's CBET Division, under Grant No. 0607175. We are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD FEB PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1233 EP 1243 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.10.037 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 411QX UT WOS:000263666000010 ER PT J AU Cinnamon, JD Palazotto, AN AF Cinnamon, John D. Palazotto, Anthony N. TI Analysis and simulation of hypervelocity gouging impacts for a high speed sled test SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hypervelocity; VascoMax 300; 1080 Steel; Gouging ID VALIDATION AB An analysis and simulation of the gouging impact phenomenon which occurs at the Holloman Air Force Base High Speed Test Track (HHSTT) during hypervelocity impact testing is presented. Simulations of the sled/rail interactions were conducted using the hydrocode, CTH. These simulations utilize the most accurate and validated material models for the sled shoes (VascoMax 300) and rail (1080 steel) - which were recently developed. Sled shoe impacts with the rail were evaluated using various geometries possible in the field. The conditions leading to hypervelocity gouging were identified, as well as the condition which resulted in rail wear. The CTH simulations match results observed in the field extremely well. Recommendations are made, based on the latest material models and simulations, which should significantly reduce the occurrences of hypervelocity gouging at the HHSTT. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cinnamon, John D.; Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cinnamon, JD (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.cinnamon@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP 254 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.11.009 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 393QC UT WOS:000262386800010 ER PT J AU Boyce, BL Dilmore, MF AF Boyce, B. L. Dilmore, M. F. TI The dynamic tensile behavior of tough, ultrahigh-strength steels at strain-rates from 0.0002 s(-1) to 200 s(-1) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Yield; Strength; Ductility; Steel; Strain-rate ID DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE AB The present Study examines the strain-rate sensitivity Of four high-strength, high-toughness steels at strain-rates ranging from 0.0002 s(-1) to 200 s(-1): AerMet 100, modified 4340, modified HP9-4-20, and a recently developed Eglin AFB steel alloy, ES-1c. A newly developed dynamic servohydraulic method was employed to perform tensile tests over this entire range from quasi-static to near split-Hopkinson or Kolsky bar strain-rates. Each of these alloys exhibits only modest strain-rate sensitivity. Specifically, the semi-logarithmic strain-rate sensitivity factor beta Was found to be in the range of 14-20 MPa depending on the alloy. This corresponds to a similar to 10% increase in the yield strength over the 6-orders of magnitude change in strain-rate. Interestingly, while three of the alloys showed a concomitant similar to 3-10% drop in their ductility with increasing strain-rate, the ES-1c alloy actually exhibited a 25% increase in ductility with increasing strain-rate. Fractography suggests the possibility that at higher strain-rates ES-1c evolves towards a more ductile dimple fracture mode associated with microvoid coalescence. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Boyce, B. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Sci & Engn Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Dilmore, M. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Damage Mech Branch, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Boyce, BL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Sci & Engn Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM blboyce@sandia.gov RI Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012 OI Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743 FU Sandia Corporation [DE-AC04-94ALS500] FX The authors would like to acknowledge fiscal support for this project under the auspices of the DOD/DOE MOU TCG XI. BLB would like to thank T. Crenshaw for laboratory support and R. Grant for SEM documentation of fracture surfaces. BLB would also like to thank Drs. DJ. Frew and MJ. Forrestal from Sandia and Prof. D. Matlock from the Colorado School of Mines for fruitful discussions on this topic. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation. a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United Stites Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94ALS5000. NR 17 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 36 IS 2 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.11.006 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 393QC UT WOS:000262386800011 ER PT J AU Midey, A Dotan, I Seeley, JV Viggiano, AA AF Midey, Anthony Dotan, Itzhak Seeley, J. V. Viggiano, A. A. TI Reactions of small negative ions with O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) and O-2 (X (3)Sigma(-)(g)) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Negative ions; Penning detachment; Rate constants; Excited oxygen ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; SINGLET MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; SULFUR FLUORIDE; KINETICS; SF6; O-2(A(1)DELTA(G)); CHEMISTRY; AFFINITY AB The rate constants and product ion branching ratios were measured for the reactions of various small negative ions with O-2(X (3)Sigma(-)(g)) and O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) in a selected ion flow tube (SIFT). Only NH2- and CH3O- were found to react with O-2(X) and both reactions were slow. CH3O- reacted by hydride transfer, both with and without electron detachment. NH2- formed both OH-, as observed previously, and O-2(-), the latter via endothermic charge transfer. A temperature study revealed a negative temperature dependence for the former channel and Arrhenius behavior for the endothermic channel, resulting in an overall rate constant with a minimum at 500 K. SF6(-), SF4(-), SO3- and CO3- were found to react with O-2(a (1)Delta g) with rate constants less than 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1). NH2- reacted rapidly with O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) by charge transfer. The reactions of HO2- and SO2- proceeded moderately with competition between Penning detachment and charge transfer. SO2- produced a SO4- cluster product in 2% of reactions and HO2- produced O-3(-) in 13% of the reactions. CH3O- proceeded essentially at the collision rate by hydride transfer, again both with and without electron detachment. These results show that charge transfer to O-2(a 1 Delta(g)) occurs readily if the there are no restrictions on the ion beyond the reaction thermodynamics. The SO2- and HO2- reactions with O-2(a) are the only known reactions involving Penning detachment besides the reaction with O(2)(-)studied previously [R.S. Berry, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 7 (2005) 289-290]. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Midey, Anthony; Dotan, Itzhak; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Midey, Anthony] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Dotan, Itzhak] Open Univ, IL-43107 Raanana, Israel. [Seeley, J. V.] Oakland Univ, Dept Chem, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2303EP4]; Boston College [FA8718-04-C-0006]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award FX We dedicate this paper to Zdenek Herman, an esteemed colleague of many years. We would like to acknowledge Bill McDermott, Terry Rawlins, and Steve Davis who provided numerous helpful suggestions on how to work with O2(a 1 Deltag). This work was supported by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Project No. 2303EP4. AJM was supported through Boston College under Contract No. FA8718-04-C-0006. ID was supported under a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 280 IS 1-3 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2008.05.010 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 405AW UT WOS:000263195500002 ER PT J AU Fadare, O Carns, B Vos, JA Wang, SA AF Fadare, Oluwole Carns, Bhavini Vos, Jeffrey A. Wang, Sa A. TI Clinicopathologic Features Associated With Cytohistologic Noncorrelation in the Diagnosis of Cervical Dysplasia: A Study of Concurrently Obtained Samples SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytohistologic correlation; Papanicolaou test; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; obscuring inflammation ID INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; PAPANICOLAOU TEST; CANCER DETECTION; ACCURACY; SMEARS; PATHOLOGISTS; TRENDS AB On the basis of the unique Subset of our database comprising patients who received a Papanicolaou test and a cervical biopsy during the same clinic visit, clinicopathologic factors potentially associated with cytohistologic diagnostic noncorrelation in these concurrently collected samples is investigated. In the first analysis, a selected group of variables potentially associated with noncorrelation relative to the diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia were examined, whereas the second analysis was centered oil the effect of varying levels of Papanicolaou test inflammation (below the Bethesda 2001 threshold, ie, partially obscuring inflammation) oil noncorrelation regarding the overall diagnosis of dysplasia. For the latter, the overall density of neutrophilic infiltrate oil each Papanicolaou test slide was graded in a blinded fashion on a 4-tiered scale (no significant amount, Mild, moderate, and severe), followed by a comparison of correlating and noncorrelating cases at each tier. There was no overrepresentation of noncorrelating cases in severe inflammation group. Indeed, correlating and noncorrelating cases did not significantly differ at any level of inflammation. In the first analysis, correlating (n = 17) and noncorrelating (n = 17) cases did not significantly differ in patient age, number of biopsies obtained, endocervical curettage status, glandular involvement by high-grade dysplasia or frequency of background grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Noncorrelating cases were more likely than correlating cases to be grade 2 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia rather than grade 3 or worse (82% vs 41 %, respectively, P =.02), which is probably attributable to the absence of a basaloid proliferation ill the most Superficial layers of grade 2 lesions. Furthermore, noncorrelating cases showed a comparatively smaller percentage of submitted biopsies involved by high-grade dysplasia (52% vs 75%, respectively, P =.03), consistent with smaller extent of disease. These findings further illustrate that lesional factors are important potential contributors to the false-negative rate of the Papanicolaou test. C1 [Fadare, Oluwole; Carns, Bhavini] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Fadare, Oluwole] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Carns, Bhavini; Vos, Jeffrey A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Carns, Bhavini; Vos, Jeffrey A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Lab Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Carns, Bhavini] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Pathol Program, San Antonio, TX USA. [Wang, Sa A.] Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Worcester, MA USA. RP Fadare, O (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,St 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM oluwolefadare@yahoo.com FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA016672] NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1066-8969 J9 INT J SURG PATHOL JI Int. J. Surg. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1177/1066896908315818 PG 7 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 398ZL UT WOS:000262770100005 PM 18480391 ER PT J AU Scranton, SE Gonzalez, EG Waibel, KH AF Scranton, Stephen E. Gonzalez, Erika G. Waibel, Kirk H. TI Incidence and characteristics of biphasic reactions after allergen immunotherapy SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anaphylaxis; biphasic; immunotherapy ID ANAPHYLACTIC REACTIONS; PREDICTORS AB Background: The reported incidence of biphasic anaphylactic reactions varies from 1% to 20%. Reported risk factors for biphasic reactions include a delay in epinephrine administration and a longer interval to initial improvement. To date, only 4 cases of biphasic reactions after allergen immunotherapy have been reported. Objective: We sought to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for biphasic reactions after allergen-specific immunotherapy. Methods: Patients who were treated with epinephrine for systemic reactions after allergen immunotherapy were prospectively enrolled. Patients were assessed initially and at 24 hours by using a 31-symptom scoring system. Results: Sixty systemic reactions occurred in 55 patients; 14 (23%) biphasic reactions were reported. Patients experiencing biphasic reactions were more likely to be female (P = .03) and older (P = .01) and require greater than 1 dose of epinephrine (P = .001). There was no difference between groups (biphasic vs no biphasic reaction) regarding the type of immunotherapy, current asthma, initial symptom scores, or time to symptoms, initial epinephrine, or improvement. No specific symptom predicted biphasic reactions. Biphasic reactions were significantly less severe compared with the initial reaction (P < .001), did not occur in children, and did not require additional epinephrine. Conclusions: Twenty-three percent of patients requiring epinephrine for systemic reactions caused by allergen immunotherapy experienced biphasic symptoms. Patients treated promptly with epinephrine for systemic reactions should he cautioned regarding biphasic reactions; however, biphasic reactions after allergen immunotherapy were mild and did not require additional epinephrine. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;123:493-8.) C1 [Scranton, Stephen E.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Landstuhl, Germany. [Gonzalez, Erika G.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Waibel, Kirk H.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Allergy Immunol Clin, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Scranton, SE (reprint author), CMR 402,Box 1448, APO, AE 09180 USA. EM scrantons@gmail.com NR 13 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.10.026 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 409GU UT WOS:000263495000031 PM 19064282 ER PT J AU La Shell, MS Calabria, CW Quinn, JM AF La Shell, M. S. Calabria, C. W. Quinn, J. M. TI The Safety of Imported Fire Ant Whole Body Extract Immunotherapy: Characterizing Systemic Reactions and Identifying Risk Factors SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [La Shell, M. S.; Calabria, C. W.; Quinn, J. M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 937 BP S242 EP S242 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.934 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596301409 ER PT J AU Letz, AG Tankersley, MS Dice, JP England, RW AF Letz, A. G. Tankersley, M. S. Dice, J. P. England, R. W. TI Monitoring Bacteriostasis in Allergen Extract Mixing: Ten Years of Culture Data SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Letz, A. G.; Tankersley, M. S.; Dice, J. P.; England, R. W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 224 BP S62 EP S62 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.205 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596300237 ER PT J AU Moore, M Tucker, M Grier, T LeFevre, D Quinn, J AF Moore, M. Tucker, M. Grier, T. LeFevre, D. Quinn, J. TI The Effects of Mailing on In vivo and In vitro Potencies of Standardized Timothy Grass Extract SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Moore, M.; Quinn, J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Tucker, M.] Naval Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. [Grier, T.; LeFevre, D.] Greer Labs, Lenoir, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 889 BP S230 EP S230 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.885 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596301361 ER PT J AU Otto, HF Calabria, CW AF Otto, H. F. Calabria, C. W. TI A Novel Method (Pilocarpine Iontophoresis) for Evaluation and Treatment (Omalizumab) in a case of Severe Refractory Cholinergic Urticaria SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Otto, H. F.; Calabria, C. W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 401 BP S106 EP S106 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.386 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596300414 ER PT J AU White, K Whisman, B Letz, A Moore, M Quinn, J AF White, K. Whisman, B. Letz, A. Moore, M. Quinn, J. TI Cross-Allergenicity Between American and Cedar Elm SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY MAR 13-17, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [White, K.; Whisman, B.; Letz, A.; Moore, M.; Quinn, J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 123 IS 2 MA 790 BP S205 EP S205 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.783 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 410RR UT WOS:000263596301263 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Ganguly, BN Garscadden, A AF Jiao, Charles Q. Ganguly, Biswa N. Garscadden, Alan TI Mass spectrometry study of decomposition of exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene by low-power, low-pressure rf plasma SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE decomposition; mass spectroscopic chemical analysis; organic compounds; plasma chemistry ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; JP-10; H-2; COMBUSTION; THRESHOLD AB The plasma cracking of exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (JP-10) (C(10)H(16)) is investigated using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The relative densities of the JP-10 molecule and its principal decomposition products, including H(2), are determined for varying rf powers in the range of 3-30 W, using the measured ion intensities combined with ionization cross section data from the literature. The extent of the cracking of JP-10 and the formation of H(2) as functions of the rf power are discussed. C1 [Jiao, Charles Q.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45450 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.; Garscadden, Alan] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiao, CQ (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45450 USA. EM biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 3 AR 033305 DI 10.1063/1.3074103 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 408BZ UT WOS:000263409700013 ER PT J AU Newell, PT Liou, K Wilson, GR AF Newell, Patrick T. Liou, Kan Wilson, Gordon R. TI Polar cap particle precipitation and aurora: Review and commentary SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Polar cap; Sun-aligned arcs; Polar rain; Aurora ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SUN-ALIGNED ARCS; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; THETA-AURORA; SOLAR-WIND; IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION; DISTANT TAIL; BZ NORTHWARD; RAIN; BOUNDARY AB Polar rain has a beautiful set of symmetry properties, individually established, but not previously discussed collectively, which can be organized by a single unifying principle. The key polar rain properties are favored hemisphere (controlled by the interplanetary magnetic field B-x), dawn/dusk gradient (IMF By), merging rate (IMF B, or more generally d phi(MP)/dt), nightside/dayside gradient, and seasonal effect. We argue that all five properties involve variants on a single theme: the further downstream a field line exits the magnetosphere (or less directly points toward the solar wind electron heat flux), the weaker the polar rain. This effect is the result of the requirements of charge quasi-neutrality, and because the ion thermal velocity declines and the tailward ion bulk flow velocity rises moving down tail from the frontside magnetopause. Polar cap arcs (or more properly, high-latitude sun-aligned arcs) are largely complementary to the polar rain, occurring most frequently when the dayside merging rate is low, and thus when polar rain is weak. Sun-aligned arcs are often considered as originating either in the polar rain or the expansion of the plasma sheet into the polar cap. In fact three quite distinct types of sun-aligned high-latitude arcs exist, two common, and one rare. one type of arc occurs as intensifications of the polar rain, and is common, but weak, typically <0.1 ergs/cm(2)s, and lacks associated ion precipitation. A second category of Sun-aligned arcs with energy flux > 0.1 ergs/cm(2)s usually occurs adjacent to the auroral oval, and includes ion precipitation. The plasma regime of these common, and at times intense, arcs is often distinct from the oval which they abut. Convection alone does not specify the open/closed nature of these arcs, because multiple narrow convection reversals are common around such arcs, and the arcs themselves can be embedded within flows that are either sunward or anti-sunward. These observational facts do not neatly fit into either a plasma sheet origin or a polar rain origin (e.g., the necessity to abut the aurora oval, and the presence of ions does not fit the properties of polar rain, which can in any event be nearly absent for northward interplanetary magnetic field). One theory is that such arcs are associated with merging tailward of the cusp. Both of these common types of sun-aligned arcs fade within about 30 min Of a Southward IMF turning. The third, and rarest, category of sun-aligned arcs are intense, well detached from the auroral oval, contain plasma sheet origin ion precipitation as well as electrons, and persist for hours after a southward turning. These intense detached sun-aligned arcs can rapidly cross the polar cap. sometimes multiple times. Most events discussed in the literature as "theta-aurora" do not fit into this category (for example, although they may appear detached in images, they abut the oval in particle data, and do not have the persistence of detached events under southward IMF turnings). It is possible that no single theory can account for all three types Of sun-aligned arcs. Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are at times used to demarcate polar cap open/closed boundaries. Although this works at times, examples exist where this method fails (e.g., very quiet conditions for which SEP reaches below L = 4), and the method should be used with caution. Finally, it is shown that, although it is rare, the polar cap can at times completely close. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Newell, Patrick T.; Liou, Kan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wilson, Gordon R.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Newell, PT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM patrick.newell@jhuapl.edu RI Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 NR 74 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 71 IS 2 BP 199 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.11.004 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 417OC UT WOS:000264084600003 ER PT J AU Lapovok, R Toth, LS Winkler, M Semiatin, SL AF Lapovok, R. Toth, L. S. Winkler, M. Semiatin, S. L. TI A comparison of continuous SPD processes for improving the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 6111 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHEET; TEXTURES; MICROSTRUCTURES; EVOLUTION; AA6111 AB Microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, formability, and texture development were determined for AA6111 samples processed by asymmetric rolling (ASR) with different roll friction, velocity, or diameters, conventional rolling (CR), and equal-channel-angular pressing (ECAP). Highly elongated or sheared grain Structures were developed during ASR/CR and ECAP, respectively. ASR led to improved r-values and formability compared with CR primarily as a result of the development of moderate shear-texture components analogous to those developed during ECAP of billet material. ASR based on different roll diameters gave the best combination of strength, ductility, and formability. C1 [Lapovok, R.; Winkler, M.] Monash Univ, CoE Design Light Met, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Toth, L. S.] Univ Paul Verlaine Metz, Mecan & Phys Mat Lab, F-57045 Metz, France. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lapovok, R (reprint author), Monash Univ, CoE Design Light Met, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM rimma.lapovok@eng.monash.edu.au RI toth, laszlo/A-4064-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI toth, laszlo/0000-0001-7598-9026; FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development FX We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and its Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (Drs. Ken Goretta, J.P. Singh, and J.S. Tiley., program managers). We also express our gratitude to Professors Warren Poole from the University of British Columbia (Canada) and Yuri Zilberg from National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine (Ukraine) for help with asymmetric rolling experiments. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 2 BP 459 EP 469 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0060 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460SO UT WOS:000267207600024 ER PT J AU Lu, YL Knize, RJ AF Lu, Yalin Knize, R. J. TI Structural Combinatorial Strategy for Advanced Nanotechnology Researches SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Nanoscience and Technology CY JUN 04-06, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Steering Comm Nanotechnol, Natl Ctr Nanosci Technol, Minist Sci & Technol China, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Minist Educ China, Chinese Acad Sci, China Assoc Sci & Technol DE Structural Combinatorial Strategy; Photodetector; Heterophase Superlattice; Terahertz (THz) Material; Tunable Dielectrics ID SUPERLATTICES AB A new structural combinatorial strategy toward efficient nanoscale structural optimization and direct nanophotonic and nanoelectronic device fabrication is introduced. The strategy was applied to develop a new multi-functional photodetector, which is able to simultaneously detect power, energy, and polarization of an incident UV light. The strategy was also used to study the dielectric behavior of ferroelectric relaxor PMN-PT heterophase superlattices in the terahertz (THz) frequencies in order to investigate their dielectric polariton properties and tunable dielectrics. C1 [Lu, Yalin; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, LORC, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, LORC, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 1190 EP 1193 DI 10.1166/jnn.2009.C117 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 411MI UT WOS:000263653300117 PM 19441485 ER PT J AU Atkuri, H Cook, G Evans, DR Cheon, CI Glushchenko, A Reshetnyak, V Reznikov, Y West, J Zhang, K AF Atkuri, H. Cook, G. Evans, D. R. Cheon, C-I Glushchenko, A. Reshetnyak, V. Reznikov, Yu West, J. Zhang, K. TI Preparation of ferroelectric nanoparticles for their use in liquid crystalline colloids SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric nanoparticles; surfactant; ball mill; liquid crystals; colloids ID BARIUM; SUSPENSIONS; PRECURSORS; PARTICLES; POWDERS AB In this paper we summarize our many years of experience in the preparation and optimization of stable colloids of ferroelectric nanoparticles dispersed in an isotropic carrier and in a liquid crystal host. The colloids are of interest for use in electro-optic devices, photorefractive hybrids and nonlinear optical elements. We also outline some of the most interesting features the nanoparticles bring to liquid crystals, along with the potential of these relatively new colloids. C1 [Atkuri, H.; West, J.; Zhang, K.] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44240 USA. [Cook, G.; Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, G.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Cheon, C-I] Hoseo Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Asan 336795, Chungnam, South Korea. [Glushchenko, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80933 USA. [Reshetnyak, V.] Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ Kyiv, Dept Phys, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Reznikov, Yu] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Atkuri, H (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44240 USA. RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008; zhang, ke/C-7831-2009 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814; FU US Air Force Research Lab, NATO Security [CBP.NUKR.CLG982422]; Research Corporation Cottrell College Science [CC6945]; EOARD [078001] FX The work has been extensively supported by the US Air Force Research Lab, NATO Security through Science program (grant no. CBP. NUKR. CLG982422) and Research Corporation Cottrell College Science Award no. CC6945. This work has also been partially supported by an EOARD grant 078001. The authors are grateful to Dr Malgosia Kaczmarek for useful discussions. NR 20 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 AR 024006 DI 10.1088/1464-4258/11/2/024006 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 396IB UT WOS:000262584300007 ER PT J AU Pachter, M AF Pachter, M. TI Revisit of Linear-Quadratic Optimal Control SO JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Linear quadratic control; Feedback control AB The classical finite-dimensional linear-quadratic optimal control problem is revisited. A new linear-quadratic control problem with linear state penalty terms but without quadratic state penalty terms, is introduced. An optimal control exists and the closed-form optimal solution is given. It is remarkable that feedback action plays no role and state information does not feature in the optimal control. The optimal cost function, rather than being quadratic, is linear in the initial state. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Meir.Pachter@afit.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-3239 J9 J OPTIMIZ THEORY APP JI J. Optim. Theory Appl. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 140 IS 2 BP 301 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s10957-008-9449-4 PG 14 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 402AZ UT WOS:000262987900008 ER PT J AU Falcone, CM Ruggles-Wrenn, MB AF Falcone, C. M. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. TI Rate Dependence and Short-Term Creep Behavior of a Thermoset Polymer at Elevated Temperature SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE creep; creep testing; polymers; resins; stress-strain relations; viscoelasticity ID VISCOELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION; RELAXATION AB The inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15 neat resin, a high-temperature thermoset polymer, was investigated at 288 degrees C. The effect of loading rate on monotonic stress-strain behavior as well as the effect of prior stress rate on creep behavior were explored. Positive nonlinear rate sensitivity was observed in monotonic loading. Creep response was found to be significantly influenced by prior stress rate. The effect of loading history on creep was studied in stepwise creep tests, where specimens were subjected to a constant stress rate loading followed by unloading to zero stress with intermittent creep periods on both loading and unloading paths. The strain-time response was strongly influenced by prior deformation history. Negative creep was observed on the unloading path. In addition, the behavior of the material was characterized in terms of a nonlinear viscoelastic model by means of creep and recovery tests at 288 degrees C. The model was employed to predict the response of the material under monotonic loading/unloading and multistep load histories. C1 [Falcone, C. M.; Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marian.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Y. J. Weitsman for many valuable discussions. The support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Charles Lee, program director) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2009 VL 131 IS 1 AR 011403 DI 10.1115/1.3027475 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 379GR UT WOS:000261385200016 ER PT J AU Cazacu, O Stewart, JB AF Cazacu, Oana Stewart, Joel B. TI Analytic plastic potential for porous aggregates with matrix exhibiting tension-compression asymmetry SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Voids and inclusions; Directional slip; Constitutive behavior; Elastic-plastic porous materials; Finite elements ID YIELD CRITERION; VOID GROWTH; SOLIDS; FRACTURE; METALS AB This paper is devoted to modeling the effects of the tens ion-compression asymmetry of the matrix on yielding of the void-matrix aggregate. The matrix plastic behavior is described by the Cazacu et al. [2006. Orthotropic yield criterion for hexagonal closed packed metals. Int. J. Plasticity 22, 1171-1194] isotropic yield criterion, which captures strength differential effects. Using an upper-bound approach, a new analytic isotropic plastic potential for a random distribution of spherical voids is obtained. The derived analytic potential is sensitive to the third invariant of the stress deviator and displays tension-compression asymmetry. In the case when the matrix material has the same yield in tension and compression, it reduces to Gurson's 11977. Continuum theory of ductile rupture by void nucleation and growth: Part 1: Yield criteria and flow rules for porous ductile media. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. Trans. ASME Ser. H 99, 2-15.] criterion. Furthermore, the proposed criterion predicts the exact solution of a hollow sphere loaded in hydrostatic tension or compression. The accuracy of the proposed analytical criterion is assessed through comparisons with finite-element cell calculations. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cazacu, Oana] Univ Florida, REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shalimar, FL 32539 USA. [Stewart, Joel B.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Cazacu, O (reprint author), Univ Florida, REEF, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 1350 N Poquito Rd, Shalimar, FL 32539 USA. EM cazacu@reef.ufl.edu RI Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016; OI Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096; Stewart, Joel/0000-0002-1723-7106 NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 EI 1873-4782 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD FEB PY 2009 VL 57 IS 2 BP 325 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2008.10.010 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 405AO UT WOS:000263194600007 ER PT J AU Liyanage, C Acharya, K Ullrich, B AF Liyanage, Chinthaka Acharya, Krishna Ullrich, Bruno TI Photonic digitizing and pattern alteration with flexible CdS and GaAs film surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; GLASS; SWITCH AB The application potential of thin-film CdS and GaAs on polymer-based substrates for photonic operations was investigated employing constant wavelength and pulsed-laser sources. We utilized the flexible film surfaces as media for laser crossing in order to realize photonic digitizing. The extremely straightforward concept has the potential to respond within nanoseconds and faster, while the presently used concept in optical networks operates in the millisecond regime. Furthermore, the concept of laser crossing points to a different way of operation philosophy by employing the photonic alteration of reflection patterns. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Liyanage, Chinthaka; Acharya, Krishna; Ullrich, Bruno] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Mat & Photochem Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Ullrich, Bruno] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ullrich, B (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Mat & Photochem Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. EM bruno@kottan-labs.bgsu.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [HR0011-07-1-0003] FX Financial support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) grant HR0011-07-1-0003 is gratefully acknowledged. The information provided in this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Government and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 26 IS 2 BP 254 EP 258 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 415HU UT WOS:000263925700009 ER PT J AU Murphy, RA France, H Sunpath, H Gordon, ML Marconi, VC Kuritzkes, DR McIntosh, K AF Murphy, Richard A. France, Holly Sunpath, Henry Gordon, Michelle L. Marconi, Vincent C. Kuritzkes, Daniel R. McIntosh, Kenneth TI Development of Dual-class Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in a Child Coinfected with HIV and Tuberculosis: A Case Report from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID INFECTED CHILDREN; RITONAVIR; THERAPY AB The treatment of concurrent HIV and tuberculosis (TB) in children < 3 years of age has not been well-studied and is complicated by potential drug-drug interactions. The recommended antiretroviral therapy (ART) in coinfected children in South Africa consists of full-strength ritonavir, lamivudine and stavudine. We report on a child initiated on this regimen, during concurrent TB treatment, who promptly developed an adverse reaction, virologic failure and dual-class antiretroviral drug resistance, compromising subsequent salvage ART. C1 [Murphy, Richard A.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Murphy, Richard A.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [France, Holly] McCord Hosp, Sinikithemba Clin, Durban, South Africa. [Sunpath, Henry] McCord Hosp, Dept Med, Durban, South Africa. [Gordon, Michelle L.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Nelson Mandela Sch Med, Dept Virol, Durban, South Africa. [Marconi, Vincent C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Tri Serv AIDS Clin Consortium, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Kuritzkes, Daniel R.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sect Retroviral Therapeut, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kuritzkes, Daniel R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [McIntosh, Kenneth] Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Murphy, RA (reprint author), Med Sans Frontieres USA, New York, NY USA. EM richard.murphy@newyork.msf.org RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014 OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689 FU NCRR NIH HHS [K24 RR16482]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI60354] NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-6338 J9 J TROP PEDIATRICS JI J. Trop. Pediatr. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 55 IS 1 BP 60 EP 62 DI 10.1093/tropej/fmn074 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine GA 425TG UT WOS:000264659400015 PM 18786985 ER PT J AU Trei, JJ Canas, LC Gould, PL AF Trei, J. J. Canas, L. C. Gould, P. L. TI Reproductive Tract Complications Associated With Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in US Air Force Males Within 4 Years of Testing SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Trei, J. J.; Canas, L. C.; Gould, P. L.] USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Trei, JJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, Brooks City Base, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 181 IS 2 BP 659 EP 660 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 394BJ UT WOS:000262419900092 ER PT J AU Weld, KJ Evearitt, K Dixon, P Cespedes, RD AF Weld, Kyle J. Evearitt, Kristin Dixon, Patricia Cespedes, R. Duane TI Effects of Ischemia on Human Renal Interstitial Fluid Metabolites SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; ischemia; microdialysis; extracellular fluid ID CEREBRAL MICRODIALYSIS; HYPOTHERMIA; KIDNEY; MARKER; MODEL AB Purpose: Microdialysis is a technique for monitoring the concentration of molecules in the interstitial fluid of living tissue. We report the effects of ischemia on human renal interstitial fluid molecules. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with a renal mass or upper tract transitional cell carcinoma who elected laparoscopic nephrectomy or nephroureterectomy were studied with in situ renal microdialysis. Microdialysate was continuously collected into separate vials every 10 minutes before and after the renal artery was stapled. Samples, were analyzed for the glucose, pyruvate, lactate and glycerol concentration. Results: The concentration of all 4 molecules was stable throughout the pre-ischemia baseline period. Glucose and pyruvate concentrations decreased to almost zero during the first 60 minutes of ischemia. Lactate increased during the initial 60 minutes of ischemia and then plateaued with continued ischemia. The glycerol concentration increased directly throughout the ischemia time. Conclusions: The trends of human interstitial metabolite concentrations during ischemia are similar to trends found in the porcine model. The human renal interstitial glycerol concentration increases directly throughout the duration of ischemia and serves as a marker of nephron damage. Microdialysis is a tool that provides real-time, renal unit specific, minimally invasive data on the metabolic status of the human kidney during ischemia. It may be helpful for avoiding permanent renal ischemic injury. C1 [Weld, Kyle J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Dixon, Patricia] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Weld, KJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Kyle.weld@lackland.af.mil NR 14 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 181 IS 2 BP 878 EP 883 DI 10.1016/j.juro.2008.10.068 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 394BJ UT WOS:000262419900208 PM 19095250 ER PT J AU Wright, JK Christy, RJ Tharp, RV Kalns, JE AF Wright, James K. Christy, Robert J. Tharp, Robert V. Kalns, John E. TI Evaluation of Intraosseous Delivery of Factor VIIa During Hemorraghic Shock in the Pig SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT FACTOR VIIA; V LIVER-INJURIES; COAGULOPATHIC PIGS AB The purpose of this investigation is to determine if intraosseous infusion (IO) is a suitable method for the delivery of recombinant human factor Vila (rFVIIa) during hemorrhagic shock. The measures that were used to evaluate IO delivery suitability included: (1) determination of clinically significant local or systemic toxicity and (2) demonstration that systemic blood levels of rFVIIa increased rapidly following administration. Our results indicate that there was no evidence of significant local or systemic toxicity following infusion and that the systemic blood concentration of rFVIIa peaks immediately after the end of infusion. This result suggests that the systemic blood level profiles of rFVIIa delivered by IO infusion are similar to those that could be produced by intravenous (IV) administration. Furthermore, in all 25 test animals, access to the systemic circulation during shock was achieved as evidenced by rapid increase in a marker dye (flourescein) or rFVIIa in the blood. We conclude that administration of rFVIIa via IO infusion is a reasonable safe method and is likely to produce blood levels required for improved hemostasis during shock. C1 [Wright, James K.] AF Special Operat Command, Special Tact Grp 720, Hurlburt Field, FL 32544 USA. [Christy, Robert J.; Tharp, Robert V.; Kalns, John E.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Div Hyperbar Med, Clin Invest Branch, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Wright, JK (reprint author), AF Special Operat Command, Special Tact Grp 720, Hurlburt Field, FL 32544 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 174 IS 2 BP 119 EP 123 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601LO UT WOS:000278061200004 PM 19317190 ER PT J AU Keeney, JA Ingari, JV Mentzer, KD Powell, ET AF Keeney, James A. Ingari, John V. Mentzer, Kurt D. Powell, Elisha T. TI Closed Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fractures in an Echelon III Facility SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Military-Orthopaedic-Surgeons CY DEC 11-16, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP Soc Mil Orthopaed Surg ID EXTERNAL FIXATION; YOUNG-ADULTS; MANAGEMENT; FEMUR; TRACTION; INJURIES; IRAQ AB This study was performed to assess the safety of performing intramedullary (IM) nailing in an established echelon III theater hospital. Twenty-two patients (23 fractures) sustained subtrochanteric or diaphyseal femur fractures and presented to the Air Force theater hospital (AFTH) at Balad Air Base, Iraq, for definitive treatment. Sixteen grade IIIA open fractures underwent staged intramedullary nailing. Seven closed fractures were treated with either immediate or staged intramedullary nailing as facility operations tempo dictated. Definitive follow-up was only available for 8 fractures at 2 months and for 5 fractures at 6 months, but no patient was readmitted to any U.S. military hospital in Iraq for treatment of infection or intramedullary nail removal. Although the results are not conclusive, the authors suggest that intramedullary nailing may be performed with acceptable infection risk in an established echelon III facility. Further study will help to establish the efficacy of this treatment approach. C1 [Keeney, James A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Ingari, John V.] Hand Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78240 USA. [Mentzer, Kurt D.] Dept Orthoped Surg, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. [Powell, Elisha T.] Alaska Reg Hosp, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Keeney, JA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 174 IS 2 BP 124 EP 128 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 601LO UT WOS:000278061200005 PM 19317191 ER PT J AU Kang, TS Smith, AP Taylor, BE Durstock, MF AF Kang, Tae-Sik Smith, Adam P. Taylor, Barney E. Durstock, Michael F. TI Fabrication of Highly-Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays and Their Use in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TITANIA NANOSTRUCTURES; ANODIC-OXIDATION; NANOWIRE ARRAYS; GROWTH; GLASS; ANODIZATION; CRYSTALS; NANORODS; LIGHT AB Highly ordered TA nanotubes were successfully fabricated using a nanoporous alumina templating method. A modified sol-gel route was used to infiltrate the alumina pores with Ti(OC3H7)(4) which was subsequently converted into TiO2 nanotubes. The average external diameter, tube lengths, and wall thickness achieved were 295 nm, 6-15 mu m, and 21-42 nm, respectively. Diffraction data reveals that the nanotubes consist solely of the anatase phase. Dye-sensitized solar cells using TiO2 nanotube arrays as the working electrode yielded power conversion efficiencies as high as 3.5% with a maximum incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency of 20% at 520 nm. C1 [Kang, Tae-Sik; Smith, Adam P.; Taylor, Barney E.; Durstock, Michael F.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kang, Tae-Sik; Smith, Adam P.; Taylor, Barney E.] Universal Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH USA. RP Durstock, MF (reprint author), Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Michael.Durstock@wpafb.af.mil NR 33 TC 224 Z9 234 U1 8 U2 155 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 601 EP 606 DI 10.1021/nl802818d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 406MD UT WOS:000263298700016 PM 19166289 ER PT J AU Rebhi, R Mathey, P Jauslin, HR Odouiov, S Cook, G Evans, DR AF Rebhi, Riadh Mathey, Pierre Jauslin, Hans Rudolf Odouiov, Serguey Cook, Gary Evans, Dean R. TI Four-wave-mixing coherent oscillator with frequency shifted feedback and misaligned pump waves SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMILINEAR PHOTOREFRACTIVE OSCILLATOR; DYNAMICS; BATIO3 AB The effect of the pump waves misalignment on the oscillation spectra and oscillation intensity of a semi-linear photorefractive oscillator is studied numerically and compared with the results of the experiment performed with a KNbO(3):Fe,Ag crystal. (c) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Rebhi, Riadh; Mathey, Pierre; Jauslin, Hans Rudolf] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR 5209, Inst Carnot Bourgogne, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Odouiov, Serguey] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. [Cook, Gary; Evans, Dean R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, Gary] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Mathey, P (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR 5209, Inst Carnot Bourgogne, 9 Ave Alain Savary,BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France. EM pmathey@u-bourgogne.fr FU Universite de Bourgogne FX S. Odoulov acknowledges the support as an invited professor at Universite de Bourgogne. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 377 EP 379 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 412WV UT WOS:000263755800052 PM 19183664 ER PT J AU Ryu, MY Yeo, YK Hengehold, RL AF Ryu, Mee-Yi Yeo, Y. K. Hengehold, R. L. TI Structural and optical characterization of Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Semiconductors; X-ray scattering; Optical properties; Luminescence ID NONALLOYED OHMIC CONTACTS; ION-IMPLANTATION; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION; GAN; TEMPERATURE; EFFICIENCY AB Both structural and optical activation studies of Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N have been made as a function of anneal temperature by using the X-ray rocking Curve measurements and photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL) measurements. The full width at half maximum values of both (002) and (102) direction omega-rocking curves for tile Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N samples decrease as tile anneal temperature increases from 1150 to 1250 degrees C. The peak widths Of the rocking Curves for the as-implanted sample are much broader than those for the Si-implanted and annealed samples, indicating tile implantation damage recovery after high temperature anneal. With increasing anneal temperature, the PL peak intensity increases and tile PL decay becomes slower, The increase of PL intensity and recombination rate is attributed to both an increase of Si-donor activation and lattice damage recovery. These PL and x-ray results are very consistent with the results of anneal temperature-dependent electrical activation Study. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ryu, Mee-Yi] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, Kungwon Do, South Korea. [Yeo, Y. K.; Hengehold, R. L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ryu, MY (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chunchon 200701, Kungwon Do, South Korea. EM myryu@kangwon.ac.kr FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank Prof. D.Y. Noh and S.P. Lee of the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology for x-ray measurements. The authors are grateful to Dr. J.H. Song for TRPL measurements. The authors would like to thank Dr. D. Silversmith of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for supporting this work. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 149 IS 7-8 BP 319 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2008.11.038 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 407XP UT WOS:000263397900015 ER PT J AU Crawford, P Mitchell, D AF Crawford, Paul Mitchell, Deana TI Tick Paralysis as a Cause of Autonomic Dysfunction in a 57-Year-Old Female SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE autonomic nervous system diseases; tick paralysis; Guillain-Barre ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME AB Both Guillain-Barre and tick paralysis can present with ataxia and acute, ascending, flaccid motor paralysis. While autonomic dysfunction has been identified in Guillain-Barre, it has never been reported in association with tick paralysis-possibly due to the rapid recovery of tick paralysis patients after removal of the tick. We present a case report of a patient with ascending weakness, Ocular disturbances, ataxia, weakness, tachycardia and new hypertension who was initially thought to have Guillain-Barre syndrome with autonomic dysfunction. On hospital day two, a tick was removed, and the patient's symptoms of paralysis and autonomic dysfunction began to resolve. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of autonomic dysfunction associated with tick paralysis. C1 Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. Eglin AFB Family Med Residency, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Crawford, P (reprint author), 99MDOS SGOPF,4700 Vegas Blvd N, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. EM drpaulcrawford@aol.com NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 2 BP 190 EP 192 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 410MY UT WOS:000263582900023 PM 19139706 ER PT J AU Martin, D AF Martin, Donald TI Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Precipitated by Thyroid Storm SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE disseminated intravascular coagulopathy; hyperthyroidism; thyroid storm ID DYSFUNCTION AB Thyroid storm is a rare disorder. Early recognition and treatment are essential in reducing morbidity and mortality from this disease. Described here is a case of atypical thyroid storm (normothermic, normotensive), accompanied by Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, including disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. This case highlights the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of thyroid storm in addition to the multiple systems that can be involved. C1 [Martin, Donald] Wright State Univ, Good Samaritan Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Martin, D (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, 88 MDOS SGOMI,4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM donald.martin@wpafb.af.mil NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 102 IS 2 BP 193 EP 195 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 410MY UT WOS:000263582900024 PM 19139708 ER PT J AU Price, SD AF Price, Stephan D. TI Infrared Sky Surveys SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Infrared; Surveys; Cryogenics; Technology development; Satellite; Probe-rocket ID MIDCOURSE-SPACE-EXPERIMENT; H-II REGIONS; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; SHORT-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; EXTRINSIC SILICON DETECTORS; LOW-RESOLUTION SPECTRA; ZODIACAL DUST CLOUD; NON-LINEAR RESPONSE; LARGE-AREA SURVEY; COBE DIRBE DATA AB A retrospective is given on infrared sky surveys from Thomas Edison's proposal in the late 1870s to IRAS, the first sensitive mid- to far-infrared all-sky survey, and the mid-1990s experiments that filled in the IRAS deficiencies. The emerging technology for space-based surveys is highlighted, as is the prominent role the US Defense Department, particularly the Air Force, played in developing and applying detector and cryogenic sensor advances to early mid-infrared probe-rocket and satellite-based surveys. This technology was transitioned to the infrared astronomical community in relatively short order and was essential to the success of IRAS, COBE and ISO. Mention is made of several of the little known early observational programs that were superseded by more successful efforts. C1 USAF, Res Lab, RVB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Price, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RVB, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM steve.price@hanscom.af.mil NR 418 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 142 IS 1-4 BP 233 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s11214-008-9475-4 PG 89 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 397TL UT WOS:000262684900005 ER PT J AU Ordt, MS Jobes, DA Fonseca, VP Schmidt, SM AF Ordt, Mark S. Jobes, David A. Fonseca, Vincent P. Schmidt, Steven M. TI Training Mental Health Professionals to Assess and Manage Suicidal Behavior: Can Provider Confidence and Practice Behaviors be Altered? SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-SURVEY; PRIMARY-CARE; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; UNITED-STATES; DEPRESSION; PATIENT; DISORDERS; EDUCATION; QUALITY; TRIAL AB Remarkably little systematic research has studied the effects of clinical suicidology training on changing practitioner attitudes and behaviors. In the current study we investigated whether training in an empirically-based assessment and treatment approach to suicidal patients administered through a continuing education workshop could meaningfully impact professional practices, clinic policy, clinician confidence, and beliefs posttraining and 6 months later. At the 6 month follow-up we found that 44% of practitioners reported increased confidence in assessing suicide risk, 54% reported increased confidence in managing suicidal patients, 83% reported changing suicide care practices, and 66% reported changing clinic policy. These results suggest that a brief and carefully developed workshop training experience can potentially change provider perceptions and behaviors with a possible impact on clinical care therein, C1 [Jobes, David A.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Ordt, Mark S.] Randolph Clin, San Antonio, TX USA. [Schmidt, Steven M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Jobes, DA (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Psychol, 314 OBoyle Hall, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM jobes@cua.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 PG 12 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 417PR UT WOS:000264089100003 ER PT J AU Polak, M Takacs, S Barnes, PN Levin, GA AF Polak, M. Takacs, S. Barnes, P. N. Levin, G. A. TI The effect of resistive filament interconnections on coupling losses in filamentary YBa2Cu3O7 coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; AC LOSSES; STRIATED YBCO; REDUCTION; STRIP AB The effect of normal metal interfilamentary connections on AC losses was investigated for multifilamentary YBCO (YBa2Cu3O7) coated conductors. This effect was studied for resistive interconnections (thin copper strips) on samples of multifilament YBa2Cu3O7 coated conductor of two types in an applied harmonic external magnetic field with frequencies between 10 mHz and 0.9 Hz, and amplitudes up to similar to 0.1 T. For samples with well insulated filaments, the losses were of a purely hysteretic nature. The loss greatly increases when filaments are electrically connected at both ends of the sample due to the coupling losses. Additional normal metal bridges in the center of the sample only minimally increase the coupling losses. We also investigated the losses in samples with an artificially low resistance between the filaments, where the coupling loss is comparable to the hysteresis loss even at low frequencies. The effect of the bridge placement on coupling loss is the same as that for samples with well insulated filaments. For our samples we did not observe a reduction of coupling losses due to the normal metal bridges. However, they can be used to enable current sharing between the superconducting filaments without raising the overall level of losses if appropriately placed. C1 [Polak, M.; Takacs, S.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, SK-84104 Bratislava, Slovakia. [Barnes, P. N.; Levin, G. A.] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Polak, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, SK-84104 Bratislava, Slovakia. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 AR 025016 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/22/2/025016 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 399FO UT WOS:000262786000018 ER PT J AU Coker, C Dymond, KF Budzien, SA Chua, DH Liu, JY Anderson, DN Basu, S Pedersen, TR AF Coker, Clayton Dymond, Kenneth F. Budzien, Scott A. Chua, Damien H. Liu, Jann-Yenq Anderson, David N. Basu, Sunanda Pedersen, Todd R. TI Observations of the Ionosphere Using the Tiny Ionospheric Photometer SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Mission Early Results Workshop CY APR 15, 2006 CL Vandenberg, CA DE Far ultraviolet; Ionosphere; Equatorial anomaly; Irregularities ID ELECTRON-DENSITY AB The Tiny Ionospheric Photometer (TIP) on the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) characterizes the nighttime ionosphere using 135.6-nm radiative recombination emission. TIP measures horizontal structure of the ionosphere with high precision and high spatial resolution. Latitudinal, longitudinal, and temporal distribution of the nighttime ionosphere is specified. We present a review of ionospheric observations made with TIP during the first five months of operation. Comparisons are made with other ionospheric sensors in order to validate the TIP observations and to demonstrate TIP resolution and sensitivity performance. Equatorial anomalies observed by TIP are compared with estimates of the E x B vertical drift during the post-sunset pre-reversal enhancement in the Peruvian sector. Low latitude irregularity structures observed by TIP are compared with measurements from ground-based sensors including: imaging photometers, ionosonde, and UHF scintillation receivers. Detailed measurements of low latitude density depletion depth and width are provided. Global ionospheric morphology observed by TIP is compared with similar observations by COSMIC radio occultation, and the GAIM model. The complexity of the underlying neutral winds is revealed by the TIP ionospheric morphology. C1 [Coker, Clayton; Dymond, Kenneth F.; Budzien, Scott A.; Chua, Damien H.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liu, Jann-Yenq] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Anderson, David N.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Basu, Sunanda] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Pedersen, Todd R.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Coker, C (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM clayton.coker@nrl.navy.mil RI 魏, 孝慈/D-1493-2012; Liu, Jann-Yenq/Q-1668-2015; OI Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD FEB PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 227 EP 235 DI 10.3319/TAO.2008.01.18.02(F3C) PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 434GV UT WOS:000265264100018 ER PT J AU Reboulet, J Cunningham, R Gunasekar, PG Chapman, GD Stevens, SC AF Reboulet, James Cunningham, Robert Gunasekar, Palur G. Chapman, Gail D. Stevens, Sean C. TI Loop System for Creating Jet Fuel Vapor Standards Used in the Calibration of Infrared Spectrophotometers and Gas Chromatographs SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE Chromatography; Complex mixtures; Head space analysis; Infrared spectrophotometry; Inhalation; Jet fuel ID EXPOSURE AB A whole body inhalation study of mixed let fuel vapor and its aerosol necessitated the development of a method for preparing vapor only standards from the neat fuel. Jet fuel is a complex mixture of components which partitions between aerosol and vapor when aspirated based on relative volatility of the individual compounds. A method was desired which could separate the vapor portion from the aerosol component to prepare standards for the calibration of infrared spectrophotometers and a head space gas chromatography system. A re-circulating loop system was developed which provided vapor only standards whose composition matched those seen in an exposure system. Comparisons of nominal concentrations in the exposure system to those determined by infrared spectrophotometry were in 92-95% agreement. Comparison of jet fuel vapor concentrations determined by infrared spectrophotometry compared to head space gas chromatography yielded a 93% overall agreement in trial runs. These levels of agreement show the loop system to be a viable method for creating jet fuel vapor standards for calibrating instruments. C1 [Chapman, Gail D.] USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Naval Hlth Res Lab, Detachment Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stevens, Sean C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reboulet, James] USN, Hlth Res Lab, Detachment Environm Hlth Effects Lab, SAIC Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chapman, GD (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Naval Hlth Res Lab, Detachment Environm Hlth Effects Lab, Bldg 837,Area B,2729 R St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gail.chapman@wpafb.af.mil FU Defense Health Programs (DHP) [60768] FX This work was supported by Defense Health Programs (DHP) reimbursable Work Unit # 60768. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy; Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This article is approved for public release, distribution unlimited. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD FEB PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1080/15376510802305054 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 453SE UT WOS:000266630900007 PM 19778256 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Farmer, BL AF Pandey, R. B. Farmer, B. L. TI Residue energy and mobility in sequence to global structure and dynamics of a HIV-1 protease (1DIFA) by a coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE biochemistry; biology computing; cellular biophysics; matrix algebra; microorganisms; molecular biophysics; molecular configurations; molecular dynamics method; Monte Carlo methods; proteins; thermodynamics ID REPLICA EXCHANGE SIMULATIONS; KINETIC NETWORK MODEL; INHIBITOR; ALGORITHM; PEPTIDE AB Energy, mobility, and structural profiles of residues in a specific sequence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 protease chain and its global conformation and dynamics are studied by a coarse-grained computer simulation model on a cubic lattice. HIV-1 protease is described by a chain of 99 residues (nodes) in a specific sequence (1DIFA) with N- and C-terminals on the lattice, where empty lattice sites represent an effective solvent medium. Internal structures of the residues are ignored but their specificities are captured via an interaction (epsilon(ij)) matrix (residue-residue, residue-solvent) of the coefficient (f epsilon(ij)) of the Lennard-Jones potential. Simulations are performed for a range of interaction strength (f) with the solvent-residue interaction describing the quality of the solvent. Snapshots of the protein show considerable changes in the conformation of the protein on varying the interaction. From the mobility and energy profiles of the residues, it is possible to identify the active (and not so active) segments of the protein and consequently their role in proteolysis. Contrary to interaction thermodynamics, the hydrophobic residues possess higher configurational energy and lower mobility while the electrostatic and polar residues are more mobile despite their lower interaction energy. Segments of hydrophobic core residues, crucial for the structural evolution of the protein are identified-some of which are consistent with recent molecular dynamics simulation in context to possible clinical observations. Global energy and radius of gyration of the protein exhibit nonmonotonic dependence on the interaction strength (f) with opposite trends, e.g., rapid transition into globular structure with higher energy. Variations of the rms displacement of the protein and that of a tracer residue, Gly(49), with the time steps show how they slow down on increasing the interaction strength. C1 [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, B. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX Support from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 4 AR 044906 DI 10.1063/1.3050106 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 401TJ UT WOS:000262965000045 PM 19191412 ER PT J AU DesAutels, L Brewer, C Powers, P Walker, M Tomlin, D Fratini, A Juhl, S Chen, WB AF DesAutels, Logan Brewer, Christopher Powers, Peter Walker, Mark Tomlin, David Fratini, Albert Juhl, Shane Chen, Weibin TI Femtosecond index change mechanisms and morphology of SiC crystalline materials SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article AB Femlosecond lasers have a unique ability of processing bulk transparent materials for various applications such as micromachining, waveguide manufacturing, and photonic bandgap structures just to name a few. These applications depend on the formation of micron or submicron size features that are known to be index modifications to the bulk substrate [H. Guo, H. Jiang, Y. Fang, C. Peng, H. Yang, Y. Li, Q. Gong, J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 6 (2004) 787]. To the best of our knowledge the physical understanding of how these index-modified features are formed is still unknown, but many good theories exist such as Petite et al. [G. Petite, P. Daguzan, S. Guizard, P. Martin, in: IEEE Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, vol. 15. IEEE, 1995, pp. 40-44] or Tien et al. [A. Tien, S. Backus, H. Kapteyn, M. Murnane, G. Mourou, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 3883]. In this Letter the question on the physical cause for index changes is investigated by the combined efforts between Wright-Patterson AFB (WPAFB) and the University of Dayton (UD) using numerous imaging equipment such as TEM, AFM, NSOM, Nomarski microscopy, X-ray crystallography, Raman spectroscopy. and even diffraction efficiency experiments. With all the combined imaging equipment this research is able to present valuable data and deduce plausible theories of the physics of the index modification mechanism. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [DesAutels, Logan] AT&T Govt Solut Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Brewer, Christopher; Juhl, Shane] Mat & Mfg Directorate, USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45424 USA. [Powers, Peter] Univ Dayton, Dept Electroopt, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Powers, Peter] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Tomlin, David] UES Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Chen, Weibin] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Fratini, Albert] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Walker, Mark] Gen Dynam Informat Tech, Mat & Mfg Directorate, USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP DesAutels, L (reprint author), AT&T Govt Solut Inc, Mat & Mfg Directorate, USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM ld@loganopticaldesign.com RI Chen, Weibin/E-9510-2010 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 26 PY 2009 VL 373 IS 5 BP 583 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2008.11.062 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 402WY UT WOS:000263045000016 ER PT J AU Ramakrishna, G Goodson, T Rogers-Haley, JE Cooper, TM McLean, DG Urbas, A AF Ramakrishna, Guda Goodson, Theodore, III Rogers-Haley, Joy E. Cooper, Thomas M. McLean, Daniel G. Urbas, Augustine TI Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing: Excited State Dynamics of Platinum Acetylide Complexes SO Journal of Physical Chemistry C LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; TRIPLET EXCITON; SPECTROSCOPY; OLIGOMERS; PHOTOPHYSICS; FEMTOSECOND; DELOCALIZATION; CHROMOPHORES; DENDRIMERS AB Femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption measurements have been carried out on a series of platinum acetylide complexes to unravel the dynamics of intersystem crossing and the formation of triplet states in real time as a function of chain length. Ultrafast inter system crossing with a time constant less than 100 fs has been observed for the case of short chain length platinum acetylide complex and this time constant increases with increasing the chain length. Apart from the singlet to triplet intersystem crossing, additional triplet state relaxation has also been observed which happens in picosecond time scale. C1 [Rogers-Haley, Joy E.; Cooper, Thomas M.; McLean, Daniel G.; Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ramakrishna, Guda; Goodson, Theodore, III] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Goodson, T (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Arts & Sci, 3425 Wood Hall Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM tgoodson@umich.edu RI Ramakrishna, Guda/G-5882-2011 OI Ramakrishna, Guda/0000-0002-5288-8780 FU National Science Foundation (polymers) FX The authors thank Douglas Krein and Aaron Burke for synthesis of the chromophores. Goodson thanks the National Science Foundation (polymers) for support of this research. NR 37 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 22 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 3 BP 1060 EP 1066 DI 10.1021/jp807176y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 395KC UT WOS:000262522000037 ER PT J AU Hrozhyk, U Serak, S Tabiryan, N White, TJ Bunning, TJ AF Hrozhyk, Uladzimir Serak, Svetlana Tabiryan, Nelson White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Bidirectional Photoresponse of Surface Pretreated Azobenzene Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES; NEMATIC ELASTOMERS; LIGHT; ACTUATORS; SYSTEM; FILMS AB We report on the photodriven, polarization-controlled response of UV-pretreated azobenzene-based liquid crystal polymer networks (azo-LCN) of polydomain orientation to higher wavelength CW argon-ion laser light (Ar+) of 457-514 nm. The significant absorbance of the azo-LCN cantilever in the UV is used to form an approximately 1 mu m thick cis-isomer rich skin. Subsequent exposure to the Ar+ laser drives a bidirectional bending process that is the result of two distinguishable photochemical processes. First, 457-514 nm laser light (regardless of polarization state) drives cis-trans photoisomerization of the UV-pretreated surface, restoring the order of the azobenzene liquid crystalline moieties. Mechanically, the cis-trans process results in an expansion on the exposed surface that forces the cantilever to undergo a rapid bend away from the laser source. Once a sufficient number of trans-azobenzene moieties are regenerated, continued Ar+ illumination promotes both the trans-cis and cis-trans processes enabling trans-cis-trans reorientation. In this particular system and conditions, trans-cis-trans reorientation enables polarization controlled mechanical bending of different angles towards the Ar+ source. Photomechanical responses of UV-pretreated azo-LCN demonstrate the viability of photogenerated effects in UV-rich environments such as space. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Hrozhyk, Uladzimir; Serak, Svetlana; Tabiryan, Nelson] BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Corp, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [White, Timothy J.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hrozhyk, U (reprint author), BEAM Engn Adv Measurements Corp, 809 S Orlando Ave,Suite 1, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM nelson@beamco.com RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 19 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 2 BP 716 EP 722 DI 10.1364/OE.17.000716 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 408JW UT WOS:000263432300036 PM 19158885 ER PT J AU Smith, GL Shih, YCT Xu, Y Giordano, SH Smith, BD Buchholz, TA AF Smith, G. L. Shih, Y. C. T. Xu, Y. Giordano, S. H. Smith, B. D. Buchholz, T. A. TI Breast brachytherapy in the United States: how is this emerging modality being incorporated into the care of older breast cancer patients? SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 10-14, 2008 CL San Antonio, TX C1 Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 2 SU S BP 373S EP 373S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 396HQ UT WOS:000262583201550 ER PT J AU Wang, BG Bliss, DF Callahan, MJ AF Wang, Buguo Bliss, David F. Callahan, Michael J. TI Hydrothermal growth of Ti:sapphire (Ti3+: Al2O3) laser crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Asian Conference on Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology CY MAY 21-24, 2008 CL Tohoku Univ, Katahira Campus, Sendai, JAPAN SP Intelligent Cosmos Acad Fdn, Murata Sci Fdn, Sendai Tourism & Convent Bur HO Tohoku Univ, Katahira Campus DE Hydrothermal technique; Oxides; Ti:sapphire; Solid state lasers ID ZNO; CORUNDUM AB Titanium(III) doped sapphire single crystals (Ti3+:Al2O3) have been grown by the hydrothermal technique for the first time. Due to Ti3+, instability, Ti:sapphire could not easily be grown in alkaline solution. Instead, we grew the crystals in acidic Solutions. The solubility of Ti3+:Al2O3 in HCl hydrothermal solutions was found to exhibit a negative temperature coefficient. The grown crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The results indicated that the grown crystals have a uniform distribution of Ti(III) (about 2 x 10(20) atoms/cc) and are of high quality. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Buguo] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Bliss, David F.; Callahan, Michael J.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Wang, BG (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. EM buguo@solidstatescientific.com; david.bliss@hanscom.af.mil NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 311 IS 3 BP 443 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.09.052 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 418PX UT WOS:000264161700004 ER PT J AU Fernando, KAS Smith, MJ Harruff, BA Lewis, WK Guliants, EA Bunker, CE AF Fernando, K. A. Shiral Smith, Marcus J. Harruff, Barbara A. Lewis, William K. Guliants, Elena A. Bunker, Christopher E. TI Sonochemically Assisted Thermal Decomposition of Alane N,N-Dimethylethylamine with Titanium (IV) Isopropoxide in the Presence of Oleic Acid to Yield Air-Stable and Size-Selective Aluminum Core-Shelll Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Letter ID REACTIVITY; OXIDATION; KINETICS; GROWTH AB Using sonochemistry to provide the thermal energy and mixing, we demonstrate the ability to synthesize air-stable aluminum nanoparticles of two different size distributions from the titanium-catalyzed thermal decomposition of alane. Characterization data indicate the presence of spherical face-centered-cubic aluminum nanoparticles with average sizes of either 5 or 30 nm that are capped with an organic shell. The average size of the nanoparticles correlates with the concentration of the passivation agent oleic acid, where a higher concentration results in smaller particles. Thermal analysis data demonstrates that at elevated temperatures (>550 degrees C), these particles react via a typical aluminum oxidation mechanism, whereas at low temperatures (<550 degrees C), the behavior of these particles is unique and directly related to the presence of the organic shell. C1 [Bunker, Christopher E.] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fernando, K. A. Shiral; Smith, Marcus J.; Harruff, Barbara A.; Lewis, William K.; Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bunker, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.bunker@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 2 BP 500 EP 503 DI 10.1021/jp809295e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 392TH UT WOS:000262324600003 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Hu, JJ Voevodin, AA AF Muratore, C. Hu, J. J. Voevodin, A. A. TI Tribological coatings for lubrication over multiple thermal cycles SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tribology; High-temperature materials; Adaptive coatings; Solid lubrication ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; ADAPTIVE NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; PULSED LASER DEPOSITION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; AG; FILMS; DIFFUSION; GROWTH AB Nanocomposite materials demonstrating multiple temperature-adaptive mechanisms including diffusion, oxidation and/or catalysis mechanisms to yield low friction coefficients of <0.2 from room temperature to 700 degrees C were combined with diffusion barrier layers in coatings with different architectures (e.g., layer thicknesses, number of layers, etc.) to examine adaptation of contact surface chemistry and morphology over multiple thermal cycles. Multilayered coatings consisting of ceramic-metal nanocomposite adaptive lubricant layers separated by diffusion barriers allowed adaptation to occur only upon exposure of the lubricant layer by wear, which resulted in prolonged wear life at static and cycled temperatures. It was also observed that a relationship between the number of adaptive lubricant layers and the number of thermal cycles existed, where one thermal cycle consumed two adaptive lubricant layers. The thickness of the adaptive coating layers was also important because diffusion- and oxidation-based adaptation in these particular coatings required a minimum volume of solid lubricant material. The surface roughness of the adaptive coating materials played a significant role in their performance within multilayered coatings, where rough coatings (>100 nm R(a)) failed after relatively few sliding cycles. The utility and application of adaptive coatings materials providing lubrication over multiple thermal cycles is discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Muratore, C.; Hu, J. J.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM chris.muratore@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2009 VL 203 IS 8 BP 957 EP 962 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.08.073 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 396EA UT WOS:000262573800005 ER PT J AU Lach, SR Kerekes, JP Fan, XF AF Lach, Stephen R. Kerekes, John P. Fan, Xiaofeng TI Fusion of multiple image types for the creation of radiometrically-accurate synthetic scenes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE lidar; hyperspectral; fusion; DIRSIG; building reconstruction; synthetic scene AB The Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model is an established, first-principles based scene simulation tool that produces synthetic multi-spectral and hyperspectral images from the visible to long wave infrared (0.4 to 20 microns). Over the last few years, significant enhancements such as spectral polarimetric and active Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) models have also been incorporated into the software, providing an extremely powerful tool for algorithm testing and sensor evaluation. However, the extensive time required to create large-scale scenes has limited DIRSIG's ability to generate scenes "on demand." To date, scene generation has been a laborious, time-intensive process, as the terrain model, CAD objects and background maps have to be created and attributed manually. To shorten the time required for this process, we have developed a comprehensive workflow aimed at reducing the man-in-the-loop requirements for many aspects of synthetic hyperspectral scene construction. Through a fusion of 3D lidar data with passive imagery, we have been able to partially-automate many of the required tasks in the creation of high-resolution urban DIRSIG scenes. This paper presents a description of these techniques. C1 [Lach, Stephen R.; Kerekes, John P.; Fan, Xiaofeng] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Digital Imaging & Remote Sensing Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Lach, Stephen R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lach, SR (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Digital Imaging & Remote Sensing Lab, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM sfl1194@cis.rit.edu; kerekes@cis.rit.edu; xxf3764@cis.rit.edu FU U.S. Government under University Research Initiative [HM1582-05-1-2005] FX This work has been supported in part by the U.S. Government under University Research Initiative HM1582-05-1-2005. The authors also wish thank the Leica Corporation for providing lidar data used in this work, Merrick for assistance in obtaining their MARS lidar processing/viewing software and the many members of the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing group at RIT for their continued assistance with this project. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JAN 12 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033501 DI 10.1117/1.3075896 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 520SE UT WOS:000271867400001 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Broeckert, JL AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Broeckert, J. L. TI Effects of Prior Aging at 288 degrees C in Air and in Argon Environments on Creep Response of PMR-15 Neat Resin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aging; creep; high temperature materials; polyimides ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; WEIGHT-LOSS; OXIDATION; DEGRADATION AB The creep behavior of PMR-15 neat resin, a polyimide thermoset polymer, aged in air and in argon environments at 288 degrees C for up to 1000 h was evaluated. Creep tests were performed at 288 degrees C at creep stress levels of 10 and 20 MPa. Creep periods of at least 25-h in duration were followed by 50-h periods of recovery at zero stress. Prior isothermal aging increased the elastic modulus and significantly decreased the polymer's capacity to accumulate creep strain. The aging environment had little influence on creep and recovery behaviors. However, aging in air dramatically degraded the tensile strength of the material. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed an increase in the glass transition temperature from similar to 330 degrees C to similar to 336 degrees C after 1000 h in argon or in air at 288 degrees C. The rise in the glass transition temperature with aging time is attributed to an increase in the crosslink density of the PMR-15 polyimide. Increase in the crosslink density due to aging in both air and argon environments is likely behind the changes in the elastic modulus and the decreased capacity for inelastic straining. A visibly damaged surface layer of similar to 0.16 mm thickness was observed in specimens aged in air for 1000 h. Results indicate that the unoxidized core material governs the overall mechanical response, whereas the oxidized surface layer causes a decrease in tensile strength by acting as a crack initiation site and promoting early failures. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(dagger) J Appl Polym Sci 111: 228-236, 2009 C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Broeckert, J. L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Dr. Charles Lee Program Director, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 5 PY 2009 VL 111 IS 1 BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1002/app.28766 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 375ZN UT WOS:000261152400028 ER PT B AU De, S Gupta, K Stanley, RJ Steffes, G Palmer, D Zoughi, R AF De, S. Gupta, K. Stanley, R. J. Steffes, G. Palmer, D. Zoughi, R. GP IEEE TI A DATA FUSION BASED APPROACH FOR EVALUATION OF MATERIAL LOSS IN CORRODED ALUMINUM PANELS SO 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL IEEE CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITSC 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems CY OCT 04-07, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Distance & Continuing Educ, Kansas City SCOUT, Missouri Dept Transportat, Kansas Dept Transport, Pinkley Sales, Traffic Control Corp, Hokuyo Automatic Co Ltd DE Corrosion; Data Fusion; Ultrasound; Nondestructive Evaluation; Structural Analysis AB Nondestructive Testing (NDT) is used to detect hidden corrosion in ageing aircraft structures. Use of any single NDT modality provides an incomplete picture of the corrosion environment. Data fusion techniques can be used for improved visualization and automated detection of hidden corrosion in multilayered structures. This work investigates a data fusion based technique using ultrasound measurements from corroded aircraft samples for estimating material loss. Experimental results are presented and suggestions for future work are made for evaluating residual structural integrity of the panels for a damage tolerance approach to corrosion mitigation. C1 [De, S.; Gupta, K.; Stanley, R. J.; Zoughi, R.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Steffes, G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Palmer, D.] Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP De, S (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5518-8 PY 2009 BP 444 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Transportation GA BUF38 UT WOS:000289120000074 ER PT B AU Havrilla, MJ AF Havrilla, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Full-Wave Quasi-TEM Characteristic Impedance of an Imperfectly-Conducting Strip Transmission Line SO 2009 13TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND THE CANADIAN RADIO SCIENCES MEETING (ANTEM/URSI 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics/Canadian Radio Science Meeting CY FEB 15-18, 2009 CL Univ Calgary, Banff, CANADA SP IEEE HO Univ Calgary DE quasi-TEM characteristic impedance; Green's function; imperfect conductors; electric field integral equation; impedance boundary condition; guided wave theory AB The quasi-TEM characteristic impedance of an imperfectly-conducting strip transmission line based on a full-wave analysis is investigated. The effect of the imperfect outer conductors of the stripline are accommodated via a dyadic Green's function satisfying surface impedance boundary conditions. The imperfect center conductor is accommodated through the use of a resistive sheet boundary condition and leads to an EFIE formulation for the quasi-TEM strip current. This center strip current subsequently allows computation of the quasi-TEM characteristic impedance. The effect that finite conductivity has on the quasi-TEM characteristic impedance is investigated. The importance of these results for use in future applications is discussed. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Havrilla, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.havrilla@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2979-0 PY 2009 BP 128 EP 131 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BJX56 UT WOS:000267360100034 ER PT S AU Wilt, D Messenger, S Howard, A AF Wilt, David Messenger, Scott Howard, Alex GP IEEE TI TECHNOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES TO ENABLE HIGH MASS SPECIFIC POWER SO 2009 34TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference CY JUN 07-12, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc AB Inverted Metamorphic Multijunction (IMM) technology has demonstrated excellent energy conversion efficiency, 32% AM0. In addition to high conversion efficiency, this technology also offers the potential for ultra-high mass specific power at the blanket level. Because the substrate is removed, the thin, flexible epitaxial cell can be incorporated in a variety of novel blanket structures. Several novel array technologies have been proposed which would take advantage of the flexible nature of the IMM by incorporating rolled stowage for launch. The flexibility of the IMM may lead one to assume that the IMM is a much higher efficiency drop-in replacement for conventional thin-film photovoltaics (ex. amorphous silicon, copper indium gallium diselenide). An important differentiation between these technologies is the radiation hardness of the different technologies to the space environment. This paper presents a study to examine the photovoltaic blanket specific mass achievable with IMM technology depending upon the orbit of interest and the end-of-life performance requirement. The impact of radiation shielding, both front and back, is assessed. C1 [Wilt, David; Howard, Alex] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Wilt, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4244-2949-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2009 BP 530 EP 536 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BPY40 UT WOS:000280345900112 ER PT B AU Herscovici, N Tomasic, B Ginn, J Donisi, T AF Herscovici, Naftali Tomasic, Boris Ginn, James Donisi, Tony GP IEEE TI A Wide-Band Single-Layer Aperture-Coupled Micro strip Antenna SO 2009 3RD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation CY MAR 23-27, 2009 CL Berlin, GERMANY AB In this paper a new type of a wideband aperture-coupled microstrip antenna is presented. The antenna is modelled as a 2.5D structure, and is optimized using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). In addition to the radiator shape, the feed and the coupling slot dimensions are also included in the optimization process. The impedance bandwidth corresponding to VSWR<2:1 achieved by this optimization for the microstrip fed case is slightly larger than 38% and slightly above 20% for the stripline fed case. In order to achieve this bandwidth with traditional aperture-coupled patch, a multilayer patch structure is required. The concept proposed here, considerably reduces the complexity of the fabrication process. C1 [Herscovici, Naftali; Tomasic, Boris] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA USA. [Ginn, James] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL USA. [Donisi, Tony] Ansoft Corp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Herscovici, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA USA. EM naftali.herscovici.ctr@hanscom.af.mil; boris.tomasic@hanscom.af.mil; jcginn@gmail.com; tdonisi@ansoft.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4753-4 PY 2009 BP 2268 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BOF99 UT WOS:000276522101082 ER PT J AU Lo Monte, L Erricolo, D Soldovieri, F Wicks, MC AF Lo Monte, Lorenzo Erricolo, Danilo Soldovieri, Francesco Wicks, Michael C. GP IEEE TI Underground Imaging of Irregular Terrains Using RF Tomography SO 2009 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ADVANCES IN MULTI-SENSOR ADAPTIVE PROCESSING (CAMSAP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP) CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Aruba, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; PLANAR AIR-SOIL; INVERSION; INTERFACE AB Detection, localization and approximate imaging of tunnels, caches, underground networks and facilities is the objective of this work. To achieve this goal, a set of transmitters and receivers are deployed arbitrarily above the area of regard. Using the principles of RF Tomography, 3D images of the below-ground scene are provided. In this paper, the surveilled region is assumed to be deep and large, and its surface does not need to be flat. Due to the irregularity of the surface, a numerical Green's function for the problem needs to be computed and inserted into the forward model of RF Tomography. C1 [Lo Monte, Lorenzo] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Navy & AF Sect, 5100 Springfield Pike,Suite 504, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Erricolo, Danilo] Univ Illinois, Dept ECE, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Soldovieri, Francesco] IREA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples 80124, Italy. [Wicks, Michael C.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Lo Monte, L (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Navy & AF Sect, 5100 Springfield Pike,Suite 504, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Lorenzo.Lomonte@GDIT.com; Erricolo@ece.uic.edu; Soldovieri.f@irea.cnr.it; Michael.Wicks@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F33601-02-F-A581]; DoD [FA9550-05-1-0443] FX The authors are thankful to Mr. W. J. Baldygo, Air Force Research Laboratory, and Dr. J. A. Sjogren, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, for sponsoring this research (under AFRL grant #F33601-02-F-A581 and DoD grant #FA9550- 05-1-0443). NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5180-7 PY 2009 BP 229 EP 232 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI50 UT WOS:000298924200058 ER PT J AU Martin, RK AF Martin, Richard K. GP IEEE TI Wireless Network Discovery Via RSS-based Estimation of Multi-transmitter RF Footprint SO 2009 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ADVANCES IN MULTI-SENSOR ADAPTIVE PROCESSING (CAMSAP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP) CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Aruba, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID SOURCE LOCALIZATION AB This paper presents an algorithm for estimating the network connectivity of a wireless network from physical layer measurements. Received signal strength (RSS) data is used to jointly estimate the locations and radiation patterns of multiple transmitters. These estimates are used to create an RF footprint of each transmitter, and the collection of footprints can be used to estimate which nodes are communicating with which other nodes. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5180-7 PY 2009 BP 336 EP 339 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYI50 UT WOS:000298924200085 ER PT B AU Lo Monte, L Erricolo, D Soldovieri, F Wicks, MC AF Lo Monte, Lorenzo Erricolo, Danilo Soldovieri, Francesco Wicks, Michael C. GP IEEE TI Underground Imaging of Irregular Terrains Using RF Tomography SO 2009 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ADVANCES IN MULTI-SENSOR ADAPTIVE PROCESSING (CAMSAP 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP) CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Aruba, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; PLANAR AIR-SOIL; INVERSION; INTERFACE AB Detection, localization and approximate imaging of tunnels, caches, underground networks and facilities is the objective of this work. To achieve this goal, a set of transmitters and receivers are deployed arbitrarily above the area of regard. Using the principles of RF Tomography, 3D images of the below-ground scene are provided. In this paper, the surveilled region is assumed to be deep and large, and its surface does not need to be flat. Due to the irregularity of the surface, a numerical Green's function for the problem needs to be computed and inserted into the forward model of RF Tomography. C1 [Lo Monte, Lorenzo] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Navy & AF Sect, 5100 Springfield Pike,Suite 504, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Erricolo, Danilo] Univ Illinois, Dept ECE, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Soldovieri, Francesco] IREA, Consinglio Nazionale Ricerche, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Soldovieri, Francesco] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Lo Monte, L (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Navy & AF Sect, 5100 Springfield Pike,Suite 504, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM Lorenzo.Lomonte@GDIT.com; Erricolo@ece.uic.edu; Soldovieri.f@irea.cnr.it; Michael.Wicks@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFRL [F33601-02-F-A581]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under DoD [FA9550- 05-1-0443] FX The authors are thankful to Mr. W. J. Baldygo, Air Force Research Laboratory, and Dr. J. A. Sjogren, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, for sponsoring this research (under AFRL grant #F33601-02-F-A581 and DoD grant #FA9550- 05-1-0443). NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5179-1 PY 2009 BP 229 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUK97 UT WOS:000289697600058 ER PT B AU Martin, RK AF Martin, Richard K. GP IEEE TI Wireless Network Discovery Via RSS-based Estimation of Multi-transmitter RF Footprint SO 2009 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ADVANCES IN MULTI-SENSOR ADAPTIVE PROCESSING (CAMSAP 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP) CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Aruba, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID SOURCE LOCALIZATION AB This paper presents an algorithm for estimating the network connectivity of a wireless network from physical layer measurements. Received signal strength (RSS) data is used to jointly estimate the locations and radiation patterns of multiple transmitters. These estimates are used to create an RF footprint of each transmitter, and the collection of footprints can be used to estimate which nodes are communicating with which other nodes. C1 USAF, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Martin, RK (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elec & Comp Eng, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.martin@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5179-1 PY 2009 BP 336 EP 339 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BUK97 UT WOS:000289697600085 ER PT B AU Like, EC Temple, MA AF Like, E. C. Temple, M. A. GP IEEE TI Coexistent Intra-Symbol SMSE Waveform Design: Variation in Waveform Update Latency and Update Rate SO 2009 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE RADIO ORIENTED WIRELESS NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications CY JUN 22-24, 2009 CL Hanover, GERMANY AB The impact of variation in waveform update latency and update rate is investigated for Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) waveform designs in a coexistent environment containing multiple 802.11 Primary User (PU) systems. As previously demonstrated for no latency with a fixed update rate, the SMSE waveform design process can exploit statistical knowledge of PU spectral and temporal behavior to maximize SMSE system throughput (bits/second) while adhering to SMSE and PU bit error rate constraints with mutual coexistent interference limited to manageable levels. Building upon this previous work, a sensitivity analysis is conducted here through parametric variation in both waveform update latency and update rate. Relative to a spectrally-only adapted waveform, the spectrally-temporally adapted waveform provides significant performance improvement. Maximum improvement is achieved using statistic-based prediction of channel temporal conditions and appropriate updating of the SMSE waveform design. C1 [Like, E. C.; Temple, M. A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Like, EC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.temple@afit.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3423-7 PY 2009 BP 94 EP 100 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BMU52 UT WOS:000273599100017 ER PT B AU Annamalai, A Tellambura, C Matyjas, J AF Annamalai, A. Tellambura, C. Matyjas, John GP IEEE TI A New Twist on the Generalized Marcum Q-Function ITQ(M)ITab with Fractional-Order M and Its Applications SO 2009 6TH IEEE CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference CY JAN 11-13, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE ID CHANNELS AB A new exponential-type integral for the generalized M-th order Marcum Q-function Q(M)(alpha, beta) is obtained when M is not necessarily an integer This new representation includes a classical formula due to Helstrom for the special case of positive integer order Mandan additional integral correction term that vanishes when M assumes an integer value. The newform has both computational utility (numerous existing computational algorithms for Q(M)(alpha, beta) are limited to integer M and analytical utility (e.g., performance evaluation of selection diversity receiver in correlated Nakagamim fading with arbitrary fading severity index, unified analysis of binary and quaternary modulations over generalized fading channels, and development of a Morkovian threshold model for block errors in correlated Nakagami-infading channels). Tight upper and lower bounds for Q(M)(alpha, beta) that holds for any arbitrary real order M >= 0.5 are also derived C1 [Annamalai, A.] Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, ARO Ctr Battlefield Commun, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Tellambura, C.] Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Matyjas, John] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate RIGE, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Annamalai, A (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, ARO Ctr Battlefield Commun, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. EM aaannamalai@pvamu.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2308-8 PY 2009 BP 241 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BKG29 UT WOS:000268009200083 ER PT B AU Kelly, D Raines, R Baldwin, R Mullins, B Grimaila, M AF Kelly, Douglas Raines, Richard Baldwin, Rusty Mullins, Barry Grimaila, Michael GP IEEE TI Towards a Tree-based Taxonomy of Anonymous Networks SO 2009 6TH IEEE CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference CY JAN 11-13, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE AB In the boundless digital world and global society of the Internet, anonymity and privacy are becoming increasingly important issues. Many anonymous networking protocols have been proposed and numerous empirical investigations over these networks analyzed; however, no known taxonomies exist for consumers to quickly and easily identify which anonymity properties are offered by the disparate wired and wireless anonymous networks. This paper proposes a novel tree-based taxonomy (TBT) which allows the consumer to choose a desired classical or state-of-the-art anonymity protocol depending upon their specific network environment and anonymity requirements. The two key anonymity properties of unidentiflability and untinkability and various network types are explored. This paper highlights the expanding definition of anonymity and aids consumer and researcher classification of state-of-the-art technological privacy-preserving anonymous networks. C1 [Kelly, Douglas; Raines, Richard; Baldwin, Rusty; Mullins, Barry; Grimaila, Michael] USAF, Ctr Cyberspace Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kelly, D (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Cyberspace Res, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2308-8 PY 2009 BP 356 EP 357 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BKG29 UT WOS:000268009200108 ER PT B AU Annamalai, A Vaman, D Matyjas, J Medley, M AF Annamalai, A. Vaman, D. Matyjas, J. Medley, M. GP IEEE TI Cross-Layer Design of Embedded Modulation and Retransmission Diversity for Prioritized Packet Transmission in Wireless Networks SO 2009 6TH IEEE CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference CY JAN 11-13, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE AB The current and future wireless systems need to support a multitude of services with a wide range of data rates and reliability requirements. The limited battery resource at the mobile terminals coupled with the hostile multipath fading channel makes the problem of providing reliable multimedia services challenging. In this article, we develop a novel method to mechanize a prioritized unicast transmission at the physical layer in response to the disparate quality of service requirements for multimedia traffic (imposed by upper layers) and investigate how the unequal bit error protection offered by multiresolution modulation is capitalized at the data link layer to yield a substantial throughput gain and minimize the packet loss probability of the "more important" packets in an integrated voice/data and delay-sensitive applications (especially in poor and moderate channel conditions). However there exists a slight throughput penalty in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime due to competitive nature of the "optimal reliable signaling rate" in an unknown time-varying channel. C1 [Annamalai, A.; Vaman, D.] Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, ARO Ctr Battlefield Commun, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Matyjas, J.; Medley, M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate RIGE, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Annamalai, A (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, ARO Ctr Battlefield Commun, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. EM aaannamalai@pvamu.edu; drvaman@pvamu.edu FU US Army Research Office to CeBCom [W911NF-04-2-0054]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship [FA9550-04-C-0141] FX This work is supported in part by funding from the US Army Research Office to CeBCom under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-04-2-0054 and the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship program (Contract #FA9550-04-C-0141). The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Army Research Office, or the US Government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2308-8 PY 2009 BP 538 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BKG29 UT WOS:000268009200147 ER PT S AU Agarwal, N Liu, HA Subramanya, S Salerno, JJ Yu, PS AF Agarwal, Nitin Liu, Huan Subramanya, Shankara Salerno, John J. Yu, Philip S. BE Wang, W Kargupta, H Ranka, S Yu, PS Wu, XD TI Connecting Sparsely Distributed Similar Bloggers SO 2009 9TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING SE IEEE International Conference on Data Mining LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 06-09, 2009 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Knime, Mitre, CRC Press AB The nature of the Blogosphere determines that the majority of bloggers are only connected with a small number of fellow bloggers, and similar bloggers can be largely disconnected from each other. Aggregating them allows for cost-effective personalized services, targeted marketing, and exploration of new business opportunities. As most bloggers have only a small number of adjacent bloggers, the problem of aggregating similar bloggers presents challenges that demand novel algorithms of connecting the non-adjacent due to the fragmented distributions of bloggers. In this work, we define the problem, delineate its challenges, and present an approach that uses innovative ways to employ contextual information and collective wisdom to aggregate similar bloggers. A real-world blog directory is used for experiments. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, report findings, and discuss related issues and future work. C1 [Agarwal, Nitin] Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Liu, Huan; Subramanya, Shankara] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Salerno, John J.] AF Res Lab, IFEA, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Yu, Philip S.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Agarwal, N (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM nxagarwal@ualr.edu; Huan.Liu@asu.edu; Shankara.Subramanya@asu.edu; John.Salerno@rl.af.mil; psyu@cs.uic.edu FU AFOSR [FA95500810132]; ONR [N000140810477, N000140910165]; U.S. National Science Foundation [IIS-0905215] FX This work is in part supported by AFOSR grant FA95500810132, ONR grants N000140810477, N000140910165, and the U.S. National Science Foundation grant IIS-0905215. We would like to thank Magdiel Galan for helping us with illustrations. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-4786 BN 978-1-4244-5242-2 J9 IEEE DATA MINING PY 2009 BP 11 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDM.2009.38 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BTL37 UT WOS:000287216600002 ER PT S AU Karaman, S Rasmussen, S Kingston, D Frazzoli, E AF Karaman, Sertac Rasmussen, Steven Kingston, Derek Frazzoli, Emilio GP IEEE TI Specification and Planning of UAV Missions: A Process Algebra Approach SO 2009 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2009 CY JUN 10-12, 2009 CL St Louis, MO ID SYSTEMS AB Formal languages have recently come under attention as a powerful tool to describe in a precise and rigorous way mission specifications (i.e., mission objectives and constraints) for robotic systems, and to design planning and control algorithms that provably achieve the specifications. In this paper, we consider Process Algebras as a mission specification language for teams of UAVs. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that Process Algebra specifications are amenable to efficient planning algorithms. In particular, a tree-search algorithm is presented that computes a feasible plan in polynomial time. Branch-and-bound techniques are used to compute an optimal plan if computation time is available. Several mission specification examples are presented, and results from a numerical simulation are discussed. C1 [Karaman, Sertac] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rasmussen, Steven] US Air Force, Miami Valley Aeros LLC, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kingston, Derek] US Air Force, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Frazzoli, Emilio] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Karaman, S (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sertac@mit.edu; Steven.Rasmussen@wpafb.af.mil; Derek.Kingston@wpafb.af.mil; frazzoli@mit.edu FU Michigan/AFRL; AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0528] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Corey Schumacher for several inspiring discussions. This work was supported in part by the Michigan/AFRL Collaborative Center on Control Sciences, AFOSR Grant #FA9550-07-1-0528. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the supporting organizations. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-4523-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2009 BP 1442 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2009.5160520 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BLF29 UT WOS:000270044900236 ER PT S AU Bolender, MA AF Bolender, Michael A. GP IEEE TI An Overview on Dynamics and Controls Modelling of Hypersonic Vehicles SO 2009 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2009 CY JUN 10-12, 2009 CL St Louis, MO AB In order to appropriately design control laws for hypersonic vehicles, it is paramount to understand how the flight dynamics are impacted by the interactions between the aerothermodynamics, propulsion system, structural dynamics, and control system. To this end, there has been a significant investment into the modelling of these sub-systems and their integration into a comprehensive model that can be used to the characterize the flight dynamics of scramjet-powered hypersonic aircraft and still remain amenable to control law design and analysis. In this paper, the development of a comprehensive model of the longitudinal dynamics of generic hypersonic vehicle with an outward-turning, two-dimensional inlet is described. The sub-system models, for the most part, are simple models derived from first-principles and are intended to capture the interactions between the different sub-systems to provide a representative vehicle model. We also will discuss the areas that are important to realizing a hypersonic modelling approach that can take any given vehicle geometry and permit a thorough analysis of its stability and control characteristics and any practical constraints on its operability, the design of a control law, an assessment of it closed-loop performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bolender, MA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Bolender@us.af.mil NR 25 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 8 U2 29 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-4523-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2009 BP 2507 EP 2512 DI 10.1109/ACC.2009.5159864 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BLF29 UT WOS:000270044901086 ER PT S AU Matlock, A Holsapple, R Schumacher, C Hansen, J Girard, A AF Matlock, A. Holsapple, R. Schumacher, C. Hansen, J. Girard, A. GP IEEE TI Cooperative Defensive Surveillance using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles SO 2009 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2009 CY JUN 10-12, 2009 CL St Louis, MO AB The paper presents a cooperative control algorithm for a team of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) used in the surveillance of the area around a military base to protect against potential threats. The UAVs are required to search an area of interest, while efficiently allocating their time between zones of varying degrees of importance. Irregular routes are preferred, to reduce the ability of an adversary to predict the patrol routes of the UAVs. In this paper, we consider a team of potentially heterogeneous, dynamically constrained UAVs with constant velocities. The problem is approached as a finite horizon optimization to account for possible alarms as they occur. This approach seeks to optimize the amount of information obtained by the UAVs, with surveillance of pop-up alarms a high but not sole priority. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to search the control space and optimize the reward function. This approach guarantees feasible trajectories, without smoothing, in addition to unpredictable paths. C1 [Matlock, A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Holsapple, R.; Schumacher, C.; Hansen, J.] AF Res Lab, Sci Control Excellence Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Girard, A.] Univ Michigan, Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Matlock, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM amatloc@umich.edu; raymond.holsapple@wpafb.af.mil; corey.schumacher@wpafb.af.mil; john.hansen@wpafb.af.mil; anouck@umich.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-4523-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2009 BP 2612 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2009.5160051 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BLF29 UT WOS:000270044901103 ER PT S AU Fiorentini, L Serrani, A Bolender, MA Doman, DB AF Fiorentini, Lisa Serrani, Andrea Bolender, Michael A. Doman, David B. GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Control of Non-minimum Phase Hypersonic Vehicle Models SO 2009 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2009 CY JUN 10-12, 2009 CL St Louis, MO AB Longitudinal rigid-body models of air-breathing hypersonic vehicle dynamics are characterized by exponentially unstable zero-dynamics when longitudinal velocity and flight-path angle (FPA) are selected as regulated output. To enable application of stable dynamic inversion methods (and their adaptive counterparts), previous studies have considered the addition of a canard control surface to eliminate the occurrence of the unstable zero; however, the addition of a canard may negatively impact the design of the thermal protection system. In this paper, we present a methodology for robust nonlinear control of the rigid-body longitudinal hypersonic vehicle dynamics which employs only the elevator as aerodynamic control surface. The method reposes upon a nonlinear transformation of the equations-of-motion into the interconnection of systems in so-called feedback and feed-forward forms that allows the combination of high-gain and low-amplitude feedback, achieved through the use of saturated functions. Simulation results using the flexible vehicle model are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. C1 [Fiorentini, Lisa; Serrani, Andrea] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bolender, Michael A.; Doman, David B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorentini, L (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2015 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM fiorentini.2@osu.edu RI Fiorentini, Lisa/G-1219-2014 NR 10 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 17 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-4523-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2009 BP 3160 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2009.5160211 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BLF29 UT WOS:000270044901193 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Stochastic Control for a Class of Overtaking Tracking Problems: Risk-Averse Feedback Design for Performance Robustness SO 2009 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2009 CY JUN 10-12, 2009 CL St Louis, MO ID CRITERION AB Among of important results herein is the performance information analysis of forecasting higher-order characteristics of a general criterion of performance associated with a stochastic tracking system which is closely supervised by a reference command input and a desired trajectory. Both compactness from logic of state-space model description and quantitativity from probabilistic knowledge of stochastic disturbances are exploited to therefore allow accurate prediction of the effects of Chi-squared randomness on performance distribution of the optimal tracking problem. Information about performance-measure statistics is further utilized in the synthesis of optimal cumulant-based controllers which are thus capable of shaping the distribution of tracking performance without reliance on computationally intensive Monte Carlo analysis as needed in post-design performance assessment. As a by-product, the recent results can potentially be applicable to another substantially larger class of optimal tracking systems whereby local representations with only first two statistics for non-Gaussian random distributions of exogenous disturbances and uncertain environments may be sufficient. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-4523-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2009 BP 5283 EP 5290 DI 10.1109/ACC.2009.5159834 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BLF29 UT WOS:000270044902216 ER PT B AU Xu, GB Ding, YJ Zhao, HP Jamil, M Tansu, N Zotova, IB Stutz, CE Diggs, DE Fernelius, N Hopkins, FK Gallinat, CS Koblmuller, G Speck, JS AF Xu, Guibao Ding, Yujie J. Zhao, Hongping Jamil, Muhammad Tansu, Nelson Zotova, Ioulia B. Stutz, Charles E. Diggs, Darnell E. Fernelius, Nils Hopkins, F. Ken Gallinat, Chad S. Koblmueller, Gregor Speck, James S. GP IEEE TI THz Generation from InN Films Based on Interference between Optical Rectification and Photocurrent Surge SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID TERAHERTZ GENERATION AB THz average output power as high as 2.4 microwatts is generated from InN films, with the mechanism being the interference between optical rectification and photocurrent surge. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Xu, Guibao; Ding, Yujie J.; Zhao, Hongping; Jamil, Muhammad; Tansu, Nelson] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Zotova, Ioulia B.] Arklight, Center Valley, PA 18034 USA. [Stutz, Charles E.; Diggs, Darnell E.; Fernelius, Nils; Hopkins, F. Ken] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gallinat, Chad S.; Koblmueller, Gregor; Speck, James S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Xu, GB (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM yud2@lehigh.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1393 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751301020 ER PT B AU Xue, L Brueck, SRJ Kaspi, R AF Xue, Liang Brueck, S. R. J. Kaspi, R. GP IEEE TI A Widely Tunable Chirped-Grating Distributed-Feedback Laser for Spectroscopic Applications SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB A 65-nm quasi-continuous tuning range is reported for a 3.5-mm-wide optically pumped type-II chirped-grating distributed-feedback laser at 3.2 mu m. Methane absorption spectra demonstrate the utility of this source for atmospheric-pressure molecular spectroscopy. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Xue, Liang; Brueck, S. R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Kaspi, R.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Xue, L (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM xueliang@unm.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1401 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751301024 ER PT B AU Pochet, M Naderi, NA Grillot, F Terry, N Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Pochet, M. Naderi, N. A. Grillot, F. Terry, N. Kovanis, V. Lester, L. F. GP IEEE TI Methods for Improved 3dB bandwidth in an Injection-Locked QDash Fabry Perot Laser @ 1550nm SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB The alpha parameter's impact on an injection-locked Fabry-Perot QDash laser's bandwidth is analyzed. A large alpha is a primary approach to suppress the sag in the response and increase the bandwidth under positive frequency detuning. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Pochet, M.; Naderi, N. A.; Grillot, F.; Lester, L. F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Terry, N.; Kovanis, V.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pochet, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM mpochet@unm.edu RI Grillot, Frederic/N-5613-2014 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-06-1-0085]; AFOSR [LRIR 09RY04COR] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA8750-06-1-0085. N.Terry and V. Kovanis were funded by AFOSR LRIR 09RY04COR. The views expressed in this article are those of the author & do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1533 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751301090 ER PT B AU Bohn, MJ Stoik, CD Blackshire, JL AF Bohn, Matthew J. Stoik, Christopher D. Blackshire, James L. GP IEEE TI Terahertz Imaging of Aircraft Composites SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB Damaged aircraft composites were prepared simulating voids, delaminations, puncture holes, burns and paint removal. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy in reflection configuration was assessed as a Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) technique and compared to traditional NDE techniques. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Bohn, Matthew J.; Stoik, Christopher D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Blackshire, James L.] USAF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bohn, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.bohn@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The glass fiber composite samples used in this research were provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH. This research effort was partially funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1807 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751301228 ER PT B AU Xu, GB Ding, YJJ Zotova, IB Stutz, CE Diggs, DE Fernelius, N Hopkins, FK Gallinat, CS Koblmuller, G Speck, JS AF Xu, Guibao Ding, Yujie J. Zotova, Ioulia B. Stutz, Charles E. Diggs, Darnell E. Fernelius, Nils Hopkins, F. Ken Gallinat, Chad S. Koblmueller, Gregor Speck, James S. GP IEEE TI Observation of Clamping of Photoluminescence Intensities from Nonlinear Degenerate Electron Gas in InN SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB We observed that photoluminescence intensities clamped at certain values as the pump intensity was increased, due to the presence of nonlinear degenerate electron gas and saturation of photogenerated and localized holes in InN. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Xu, Guibao; Ding, Yujie J.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Zotova, Ioulia B.] ArkLight, Center Valley, PA 18034 USA. [Stutz, Charles E.; Diggs, Darnell E.; Fernelius, Nils; Hopkins, F. Ken] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gallinat, Chad S.; Koblmueller, Gregor; Speck, James S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Xu, GB (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM yud2@lehigh.edu FU AFRL; AFOSR FX This work has been supported by AFRL and AFOSR. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 1941 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751301297 ER PT B AU Shaffer, MK Zhdanov, BV Sell, J Knize, RJ AF Shaffer, M. K. Zhdanov, B. V. Sell, J. Knize, R. J. GP IEEE TI Cesium Laser with Transverse Diode Laser Pumping SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID RUBIDIUM VAPOR LASER; ARRAY AB A transversely pumped Cs vapor laser has been demonstrated using fifteen laser diode arrays to pump the gain medium, yielding 14% optical to optical efficiency and 15% slope efficiency. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Shaffer, M. K.; Zhdanov, B. V.; Sell, J.; Knize, R. J.] US AF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Shaffer, MK (reprint author), US AF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 2739 EP 2740 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302355 ER PT B AU Olszak, PD Cirloganu, CM Webster, S Padilha, LA Guha, S Krishnamurthy, S Hagan, DJ Van Stryland, EW AF Olszak, Peter D. Cirloganu, Claudiu M. Webster, Scott Padilha, Lazaro A. Guha, Shekhar Krishnamurthy, Srinivasan Hagan, David J. Van Stryland, Eric W. GP IEEE TI Spectral and Temperature Dependence of Nonlinear Absorption in InSb SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION AB Temperature dependent two-photon and free-carrier absorption spectra of InSb are measured using a tunable picosecond source via temperature controlled Z-scan experiments and show good agreement with theoretical predictions. Three-photon absorption is also observed. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Olszak, Peter D.; Cirloganu, Claudiu M.; Webster, Scott; Padilha, Lazaro A.; Hagan, David J.; Van Stryland, Eric W.] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Guha, Shekhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Krishnamurthy, Srinivasan] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Olszak, PD (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM ewvs@creol.ucf.edu RI Padilha, Lazaro/B-5930-2011; Padilha, Lazaro/G-1523-2013 FU AFOSR [FA95500410200]; NSF [ECS 0524533] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the AFOSR FA95500410200 and NSF ECS 0524533. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 3011 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302491 ER PT B AU Watson, EA AF Watson, Edward A. GP IEEE TI Coarse-to-Fine: A Layered Sensing Approach to Situational Awareness SO 2009 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE (CLEO/QELS 2009), VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2009) CY JUN 02-04, 2009 CL Baltimore, MD AB Military operations in the future will involve a variety of nation-state and non-nation-state adversaries. The ability to operate in complex domains will require sophisticated information gathering and exploitation tools. The Air Force Research Laboratory is working on such technologies. This paper highlights a subset of those technologies that operate in the electro-optical domain. The approach to sensor implementation and the types of sensors being developed will be overviewed, and potential new sensing technologies will be identified. (C)2009 Optical Society of America C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Watson, EA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM edward.watson@wpafb.uf.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-5184-5 PY 2009 BP 3253 EP 3254 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BNJ62 UT WOS:000274751302614 ER PT B AU Gonzalez, JA Mendenhall, MJ Merenyi, E AF Andres Gonzalez, Jose Mendenhall, Michael J. Merenyi, Erzsebet GP IEEE TI MINIMUM SURFACE BHATTACHARYYA FEATURE SELECTION SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE feature selection; dimensionality reduction; Bhattacharyya coefficient; machine learning AB This paper introduces a novel feature selection method called Minimum Surface Bhattacharyya (MSB). The method is applicable for multiple class problems utilizing supervised training. The minimum surface method selects features by means of inter-class separability. For the purposes of this paper, the method is applied to a hyperspectral data set with high correlations among the features. The method shows promise for hyperspectral analysis due to its speed and demonstrated capacity to improve classification performance. C1 [Andres Gonzalez, Jose; Mendenhall, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Merenyi, Erzsebet] Rice Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Gonzalez, JA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 54 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400014 ER PT B AU Caefer, CE Rotman, SR AF Caefer, C. E. Rotman, S. R. GP IEEE TI LOCAL COVARIANCE MATRICES FOR IMPROVED TARGET DETECTION PERFORMANCE SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE target detection; local covariance matrices; spectral data analysis AB Our research goals in hyperspectral point target detection have been to develop a methodology for algorithm comparison and to advance point target detection algorithms through the fundamental understanding of spatial/spectral statistics. In this paper, we demonstrate improved target detection performance by making better estimates of the covariance matrix. We develop a new type of local covariance matrix which can be implemented in Principal Component space which shows improved performance based on our metrics. C1 [Caefer, C. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Infrared Sensor Technol Branch, 80 Scott Dr, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Rotman, S. R.] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Rotman, S. R.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Caefer, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Infrared Sensor Technol Branch, 80 Scott Dr, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM charlene.caefer@hanscom.af.mil; srotman@ee.bgu.ac.il RI ROTMAN, STANLEY/F-1390-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 239 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400059 ER PT B AU Howard, TE Mendenhall, MJ Peterson, GL AF Howard, Torsten E. Mendenhall, Michael J. Peterson, Gilbert L. GP IEEE TI ABSTRACTING GIS LAYERS FROM HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE Geographic Information Systems; Hyperspectral Image Processing; Self-Organizing Map; Morphological Operations AB The spectral-spatial relationship of materials in a hyperspectral image cube is exploited to partially automate the creation of Geographic Information System (GIS) layers. The topological neighborhood preservation property of the Self Organizing Map (SOM) is clustered into six (partially overlapping) neighborhoods that are mapped into the image domain to locate in-scene structures of similar material type. GIS layers are abstracted through spatial logical and morphological operations on the six image domain material maps and a novel road finding algorithm connects road segments under significant tree-occlusion resulting in a contiguous road network. It is assumed that specific knowledge of the scene (e.g. endmember spectra) is not available. The results are eight separate high-quality GIS layers (Vegetation, Trees, Fields, Buildings, Major Buildings, Roadways, and Parking Areas) that follow the scene features of the hyperspectral image and are separately and automatically labeled. The material maps resulting from clustering the SOM have an 84.3% average accuracy, which increases to 93.9% after spatial processing into GIS layers. C1 [Howard, Torsten E.; Mendenhall, Michael J.; Peterson, Gilbert L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Howard, TE (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400073 ER PT B AU Nunez, AS Mendenhall, MJ Gross, K AF Nunez, Abel S. Mendenhall, Michael J. Gross, Kevin GP IEEE TI MELANOSOME LEVEL ESTIMATION IN HUMAN SKIN FROM HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE skin; hyperspectral modeling; skin detection; melanosome estimation AB Locating individuals in the open has several practical uses; most formidable is that of the search and rescue application. Although existing methods exist to find human skin in color imagery, these methods are subject to high false alarm rates caused by objects that are skin colored. Hyperspectral imagery offers a distinct advantage due to the abundance of spectral information that can be exploited to dramatically reduce false alarms while maintaining a high detection rate. The work presented in this article extends our earlier work in hyperspectral-based skin detection to the detection of skin pigmentation levels. Specifically, we estimate the amount of melanosomes contained within pixels identified as skin which gives an estimate of skin color. Our method is based on the intrinsic properties of human skin and does not use a "hyperspectral to RGB conversion." We demonstrate the capability of our algorithm using a hyperspectral instrument developed by SpecTIR Corp (the HST3) which nominally covers the spectral range of 400-2500nm. C1 [Nunez, Abel S.; Mendenhall, Michael J.; Gross, Kevin] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nunez, AS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 324 EP 327 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400080 ER PT B AU Mendenhall, MJ Merenyi, E AF Mendenhall, Michael J. Merenyi, Erzsebet GP IEEE TI ON THE EVALUATION OF SYNTHETIC HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE Self-organizing map; relevance learning; learning vector quantization; synthetic hyperspectral imagery AB In developing algorithms that exploit model-generated data, it is important to understand the realism of the data generated by that model. One way to address this issue is to exercise a well understood, yet diverse process, that will help draw out the strengths and weaknesses of the data generation system. We accomplish this by using a typical chain of processing steps on a synthetic hyperspectral image created by the Digital Imaging Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) tool [1]. The clustering, classification, and feature selection, which are part of this processing, are used to assess the realism of the data based on the performance compared to the similar analysis on real hyperspectral data. C1 [Mendenhall, Michael J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Merenyi, Erzsebet] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX USA. RP Mendenhall, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU NASA AISR [NNG05GA94G] FX EM thanks NASA AISR grant support NNG05GA94G NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 426 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400105 ER PT B AU Nunez, AS Mendenhall, MJ Bertram, HC Brooks, AL AF Nunez, Abel S. Mendenhall, Michael J. Bertram, Heidi C. Brooks, Adam L. GP IEEE TI BUILDING AN INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM HYPERSPECTRAL MODEL FOR AVATARS SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE integumentary system; skin; hyperspectral modeling AB In this paper we transform the results of a hyperspectral skin reflectance model into RGB values to simulate the color of skin under various biological circumstances. The amount of different chromophores in the skin can be adjusted within the model to simulate circumstances such as elevated blood levels in the cheeks caused by blushing, the draining of blood from the face caused by fear, or the bluish tint of the skin caused by a lack of oxygen. The melanosome level in the epidermis can also be adjusted to simulate different levels of skin darkness and show how increased levels of melanosomes reduce the influence of other chromophores in skin. C1 [Nunez, Abel S.; Mendenhall, Michael J.; Bertram, Heidi C.; Brooks, Adam L.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nunez, AS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 430 EP 433 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400106 ER PT B AU Vongsy, K Mendenhall, MJ Hanna, PM Kaufman, J AF Vongsy, Karmon Mendenhall, Michael J. Hanna, Philip M. Kaufman, Jason GP IEEE TI CHANGE DETECTION USING SYNTHETIC HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY SO 2009 FIRST WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING: EVOLUTION IN REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing CY AUG 26-29, 2009 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc DE Change detection; hyperspectral AB In the best of circumstances, change detection (CD) is accomplished using measurements from the same instrument and under similar collection circumstances. Complications in the CD process arise when the variability in the collection process is not minimized. Variations between collected images and a lack of precise corresponding ground truth make accurate evaluation of a given CD method imprecise at best. This work leverages synthetic hyperspectral imagery, with known ground truth to include primary and tertiary materials, to investigate the use of common CD algorithms for the hyperspectral CD problem. Specifically, we use synthetic hyperspectral images with different spatial resolutions acquired at different altitudes, thus exhibiting different atmospheric affects. The importance of this work is in definition of a CD taxonomy and using that taxonomy for the accurate evaluation of several CD methods. Results are presented using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve, indicating that, under mildly varying imaging conditions, principal component analysis-based CD outperforms simple image differencing and correlation coefficient-based CD methods. C1 [Vongsy, Karmon; Kaufman, Jason] Jacobs, Adv Syst Grp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Vongsy, Karmon; Mendenhall, Michael J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hanna, Philip M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vongsy, K (reprint author), Jacobs, Adv Syst Grp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4686-5 PY 2009 BP 446 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BOC66 UT WOS:000276190400110 ER PT B AU Casto, MJ Dooley, SR AF Casto, Matthew J. Dooley, Steven R. GP IEEE TI AlGaN/GaN HEMT Temperature-Dependent Large-Signal Model Thermal Circuit Extraction with Verification through Advanced Thermal Imaging SO 2009 IEEE 10TH ANNUAL WIRELESS AND MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual IEEE Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference CY APR 20-21, 2009 CL Clearwater, FL SP IEEE ID GANHEMTS AB Investigation has been done on procedure, development and verification of a large-signal, temperature-dependent model for Aluminum-Gallium-Nitride/Gallium-Nitride (AlGaN-GaN) High-Electron-Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). Procedural issues have been designed to investigate model selection based on application and operation over varying bias. Theoretical and experimental analysis has been completed on device operating point selection in measurement and modeling to account for thermal coefficient extraction and RF dispersion effects. The model has been optimized for use in power amplifier design applications that apply class AB operation. Advanced thermal imaging verification has been performed to validate thermal resistance modeling parameters. C1 [Casto, Matthew J.; Dooley, Steven R.] USAF, Res Labs, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45430 USA. RP Casto, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45430 USA. EM Matthew.Casto@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4564-6 PY 2009 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BMN91 UT WOS:000272995600010 ER PT B AU Reid, JR Vasilyev, V Webster, RT AF Reid, J. Robert Vasilyev, Vladimir Webster, Richard T. GP IEEE TI Three dimensional micromachining for millimeter-wave circuits SO 2009 IEEE 10TH ANNUAL WIRELESS AND MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual IEEE Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference CY APR 20-21, 2009 CL Clearwater, FL SP IEEE DE Millimeter wave filters; Millimeter wave circuits; Diplexers; Resonators; Micromachining; Microelectromechanical Systems ID COAXIAL TRANSMISSION-LINES AB Recent advances in three dimensional metal micromachining processes provide new opportunities for millimeter-wave circuit fabrication. Using these processes, enclosed transmission lines can operate to frequencies over 200 GHz, have very low crosstalk, and be routed arbitrarily. These processes also allow the integration of resonators with quality factors in excess of 500 allowing low loss filters to be fabricated at the same time as the transmission lines. Finally, the precision of the processes allows the design and realization of passive components such as cross-overs and couplers. The further development of these processes will enable highly integrated millimeter-wave systems. C1 [Reid, J. Robert; Vasilyev, Vladimir; Webster, Richard T.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Reid, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM James.Reid@hanscom.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4564-6 PY 2009 BP 329 EP 332 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BMN91 UT WOS:000272995600077 ER PT B AU Browning, JP Fuhrmann, DR Rangaswamy, M AF Browning, J. Paul Fuhrmann, Daniel R. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI A HYBRID MIMO PHASED-ARRAY CONCEPT FOR ARBITRARY SPATIAL BEAMPATTERN SYNTHESIS SO 2009 IEEE 13TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 5TH IEEE PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/5th IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY JAN 04-07, 2009 CL Marco Isl, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE multiple-input multiple-output; beamforming; radar AB Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar is a multiple aperture technology characterized by the ability to transmit diverse signals at each aperture. This is in contrast to traditional phased-array radar whereby a single signal is transmitted with a phase shift applied at each element to enable steering of the transmit beam. The hybrid MIMO phased-array radar (HMPAR) concept is an outgrowth of the monostatic MIMO construct, in which all sensors have the same view of the far-field target. In the HMPAR, the full transmit array is partitioned into sub-arrays which can be electronically steered in different directions and driven by separate transmit waveforms; furthermore the configuration of the array into sub-arrays can be changed. Here we explore the variety of transmit beampatterns that could be achieved using such a system. C1 [Browning, J. Paul; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fuhrmann, Daniel R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Browning, JP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3676-7 PY 2009 BP 446 EP + DI 10.1109/DSP.2009.4785965 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BKB98 UT WOS:000267715800081 ER PT S AU Royter, Y Patterson, PR Li, JC Elliott, KR Hussain, T Boag-O'Brien, MF Duvall, JR Montes, MC Hitko, DA Sewell, JS Sokolich, M Chow, DH Brewer, PD AF Royter, Y. Patterson, P. R. Li, J. C. Elliott, K. R. Hussain, T. Boag-O'Brien, M. F. Duvall, J. R. Montes, M. C. Hitko, D. A. Sewell, J. S. Sokolich, M. Chow, D. H. Brewer, P. D. GP IEEE TI Dense Heterogeneous Integration for InP Bi-CMOS Technology SO 2009 IEEE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE & RELATED MATERIALS (IPRM) SE International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials CY MAY 10-14, 2009 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE AB InP Bi-CMOS technology capable of wafer-scale device-level heterogeneous integration (HI) of InP HBTs and CMOs has been developed. With this technology, full simultaneous utilization of III-V device speed and CMOs circuit complexity is possible. Simple ICs and test structures have been fabricated, showing no significant CMOs or HBT degradation and high heterogeneous interconnect yield. The heterogeneously integrated differential amplifiers with record performance and HBTs with f(T)=400GHz were obtained. Thermal vias to the Si substrate provide sufficient heat path to lower HI HBT thermal resistances close to on-InP values. Resulting circuits maintain maximum CMOS integration density and HBT performance, while keeping the heterogeneous interconnect length below 5 mu m. C1 [Royter, Y.; Patterson, P. R.; Li, J. C.; Elliott, K. R.; Hussain, T.; Boag-O'Brien, M. F.; Duvall, J. R.; Montes, M. C.; Hitko, D. A.; Sokolich, M.; Chow, D. H.; Brewer, P. D.] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Sewell, J. S.] AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Royter, Y (reprint author), HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. EM yroyter@hrl.com FU DARPA through AFRL [FA8650-07-C-7714] FX This work was supported in part by DARPA (Dr. Mark Rosker, PM) through AFRL (Dr. Gregory Creech) contract FA8650-07-C-7714 (CoSMOS). NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8669 BN 978-1-4244-3432-9 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 2009 BP 105 EP + DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.2009.5012453 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BLM48 UT WOS:000270539400029 ER PT S AU Balthaor, RL McHarg, MG Godbold, CS Barnhart, DJ Vladimirova, T AF Balthaor, Richard L. McHarg, Matthew G. Godbold, Cash S., Jr. Barnhart, David J. Vladimirova, Tanya GP IEEE TI Distributed Space-Based Ionospheric Multiple Plasma Sensor Networks SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; MISSIONS AB Distributed small satellite mission concepts are emerging for commercial, scientific, and military applications requiring constellations of many hundreds of satellites. Massively distributed missions allow both simultaneous multipoint observations and significant redundancy. This paper presents an application case study based on the US Air Force Academy's (USAFA) Ionospheric Multiple Plasma Sensors (IMPS) mission. IMPS is an integration of the satellite-on-a-Printed Circuit Board (PCBSat) miniaturization approach developed at the University of Surrey with the Miniaturized Ellectrostatic Analyzer (MESA) sensor developed at USAFA. (1,2) C1 [Balthaor, Richard L.; McHarg, Matthew G.; Godbold, Cash S., Jr.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Barnhart, David J.; Vladimirova, Tanya] Univ Surrey, Surrey Space Ctr, Suney GU2 7XH, Scotland. RP Balthaor, RL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM richard.balthazor@usafa.edu; david.barnhart@ieee.org NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 596 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000055 ER PT S AU Tabbert, C Kuznia, C Craig, D AF Tabbert, Chuck Kuznia, Charlie Craig, Douglas GP IEEE TI Radiation Hardening of Advanced Fiber Optic Systems for Space Missile and Avionic Applications SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB We describe performance testing results of a quad transceiver module developed for harsh environment applications. This 850 nm VCSEL-based transceiver operates over 4 independent transmit and receive channels using multi-mode fiber. We present characterization of performance and built-in-test (BIT) features over temperature as well as initial Total Dose and Single Event Upset radiation data.(12) C1 [Tabbert, Chuck; Kuznia, Charlie] Ultra Commun, 990 Pk Ctr Dr,Suite H, Vista, CA 92081 USA. [Craig, Douglas] US Air Force, Res Lab, RVSE, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Tabbert, C (reprint author), Ultra Commun, 990 Pk Ctr Dr,Suite H, Vista, CA 92081 USA. EM ctabbert@ultracomm-inc.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 1412 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000137 ER PT S AU Bradley, KC Bowen, S Gross, KC Marciniak, MA Perram, GP AF Bradley, Kenneth C. Bowen, Spencer Gross, Kevin C. Marciniak, Michael A. Perram, Glen P. GP IEEE TI Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometry of Jet Engine Exhaust with the Telops FIRST-MWE SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB The Field-portable Imaging Radiometric Spectrometer Technology Midwave Extended (FIRST-MWE) system developed by Telops, Inc. was used to capture hyperspectral imagery of turbojet engine exhaust. The FIRST-MWE is a Michelson interferometer coupled to a 320 x 256 Indium Antimonide (InSb) focal plane array with instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of 0.35 mrad. Exhaust from a diesel-fueled Turbine Technologies, Ltd. SR-30 turbojet engine was imaged at three modes of operation from a side-plume vantage point close to the engine. Temporally-averaged spectral data featured strong CO2 emission near 2200-2450 cm(-1). A simple radiative transfer model was used to produce spatially-re solved maps of the temperature and relative CO2 concentration. The model assumed an optically-thin plume that was homogeneous along each pixel's line-of-sight. The Carbon Dioxide Spectroscopic Databank was used to compute molecular cross-sections used in fitting the temporally-averaged spectra.(12) C1 [Bradley, Kenneth C.; Bowen, Spencer; Gross, Kevin C.; Marciniak, Michael A.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bradley, KC (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kenneth.bradley@afit.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 1444 EP 1450 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000142 ER PT S AU Monz, B Schmidt, J AF Monz, Brett Schmidt, Jason GP IEEE TI A Maximum Likelihood Estimator for Tracking Purposes with Extended Sources SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB In many cases, optical tracking systems do not have cooperative beacons available. This is particularly true for the case involving tracking the reflectance from a laser illuminated target such as a missile seeker head, where the object of interest is most definitely an extended source. Furthermore, the extended source is always combined with noise such as shot noise which further degrades the signal. Consideration is also given to atmospheric turbulence. This paper examines the performance of an existing projection-based, maximum-likelihood technique for tilt estimation in the presence of extended sources, with particular application to the image motion tracking problem. Comparison is made between the performance of a traditional centroiding algorithm and a projection-based algorithm with simulated data. The projection-based algorithm is shown to offer improved performance in the motion tracking problem. C1 [Monz, Brett; Schmidt, Jason] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Monz, B (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adrian.monz.us@afit.edu; jason.schmidt@afit.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 1458 EP 1463 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000144 ER PT S AU Jordan, S AF Jordan, Steven GP IEEE TI Range Estimation Algorithms Comparison In Simulated 3-D Flash LADAR Data SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB Range estimation algorithms have been applied to simulated 3-D flash laser radar data to test for accuracy and bias. Simulated data is modeled after hit mode performance of the Advanced Scientific Concepts 3-D flash laser radar camera. Hit mode is a mode of operation that stores buffered samples into memory only after a set number of photoelectrons have been observed by the detector. In hit mode, waveforms may not be centered within the range gate and may not contain the true peak of original waveform. Under these conditions traditional range estimation techniques could prove ineffective. A peak estimator, matched filter, and maximum likelihood estimator were tested for performance as waveforms shift position within the range gate. This paper suggests the best scenario for implementing each algorithm and shows the overall effectiveness of the matched filter when incorporated in the time domain. 1000 trials with noise were conducted for each waveform position and performance was judged based on mean square error and standard deviation of the range estimations. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jordan, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.jordan@afit.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 1489 EP 1495 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000148 ER PT S AU McMahon, JR Cain, SC Martin, RK AF McMahon, Jason R. Cain, Stephen C. Martin, Richard K. GP IEEE TI Improving 3-D LADAR Range Estimation via Spatial Filtering SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB A three-dimensional Laser Detection and Ranging (3-D LADAR) system can produce a set of 2-D images with a fast range gate (similar to 2 ns) resulting in a data cube of spatial and range scene data with excellent resolution in both dimensions. Each 2-D range slice image contains the detected photo-electrons at each pixel for a particular range. The photo-electron counts are directly proportional to the return signal intensities incident upon the detector. Range estimation errors of a scene can occur in a 3-D LADAR due to several system factors including the optical spatial impulse response, photon noise, and atmospheric distortion. These factors cause the scene's intensity to spread, or blur, across pixels. The intensity spreading corrupts the correct pixel intensities at each range gate by mixing intensities with neighboring pixels thereby providing false intensity values to the range estimator. Without blur compensation, the range estimates would then be inaccurate to a degree depending on the blur severity. The focus of this paper is to improve 3-D LADAR range estimation by implementing 2-D image restoration filters to "deblur" each detected 2-D range slice image. Due to simplicity and quickness, this research effort implements two linear image restoration filters (Wiener and inverse filters). Considering the blur due to the optical system impulse response only, implementing the filters on the blurred data shows nearly complete recovery of the correct ranges. The associated root mean square error (RMSE) improves from 0.5 meters before filtering to .26 meters after inverse filtering. With typical noise power and moderate atmospheric effects, range estimation improves from a RMSE before Wiener filtering of 0.54 meters to 0.29 meters after filtering with slight degradation to image quality. With typical noise power and light turbulence, range estimation improves from a RMSE before filtering of 0.50 m to 0.28 m after filtering. C1 [McMahon, Jason R.; Cain, Stephen C.; Martin, Richard K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McMahon, JR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 1496 EP 1504 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000149 ER PT S AU Dixon, DB AF Dixon, D. Brian GP IEEE TI A Comparison of Phase Retrieval Algorithms with a Remote Sensing Scenario SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB Three iterative algorithms for phase retrieval from intensity data are compared. Computer simulation provides the basis for comparing each algorithm's performance for object recovery from noisy autocorrelations corrupted with exponential statistics. This paper justifies the use of exponential statistics with a simplified model of a remote sensing application. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dixon, DB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Grad Sch Engn & Management, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM donald.dixon@afit.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 1505 EP 1511 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000150 ER PT S AU Cain, S AF Cain, Stephen GP IEEE TI Bayesian-Based Fusion of 2-D and 3-D LADAR Imagery SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB Laser Radar imagers can be designed to provide 2-D or 3-D images of scenes. The 2-D imagers generally possess superior spatial resolution while providing a rough estimate of the range to the target. Newly developed 3-D systems possess the ability to form images of the scene as well as range to every pixel in the scene. The spatial resolution of these systems is typically many times less than those of the 2-D systems. It is the goal of this work to present a statistical method for fusing 2-D and 3-D LADAR imagery. The method is used on simulated LADAR sensor data in order to demonstrate its potential for improving both the range resolution and spatial resolution over what could be achieved alone from either sensor. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cain, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Stephen.Cain@afit.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 1512 EP 1517 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000151 ER PT S AU MacDonald, A AF MacDonald, Adam GP IEEE TI Advances in Tactical Laser Radar SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB Laser radar has enjoyed significant advances over the past decade. Novel sensor topologies, compact laser illuminators, and advanced signal processing have enabled the construction of low power, portable 2-D and 3-D laser vision systems. The applications of such systems range from surveillance, targeting, weapons guidance, and remote scene measurement, to target identification and atmospheric characterization. This paper serves to assemble some recent significant examples of laser radar in the context of emergent tactical applications. Strengths and limitations of competing topologies are also examined. C1 USAF, Test Pilot Sch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP MacDonald, A (reprint author), USAF, Test Pilot Sch, 220 S Wolfe Ave, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM adam.macdonald@edwards.af.mil NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 1518 EP 1526 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000152 ER PT S AU O'Dell, AP Cain, SC AF O'Dell, Anthony P. Cain, Stephen C. GP IEEE TI Investigating the Effects of Atmospheric Seeing on the Detection of near Earth Orbiting Asteroids SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB Computer simulations are used to compare the results of correlating a simulated image of an asteroid with a point spread function while varying the atmospheric parameter. 12 The images contain a point source object that is smeared due to the atmosphere. The point spread function is calculated using r(0), since r(0) can be measured at the time of time of data collection. These results are evaluated against an uncorrelated threshold detection algorithm using the same data input. The resulting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves show the effects of the different atmospheres on detection of different sized Near Earth Objects (NEOs) for both the correlation and threshold algorithm. These results are discussed and compared. Recommendations are made for applying these algorithms in the search for NEOs. C1 [O'Dell, Anthony P.; Cain, Stephen C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP O'Dell, AP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Anthony.odell@afit.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 1527 EP 1534 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000153 ER PT S AU Li, WH Chen, GS Blasch, E Lynch, R AF Li, Wenhua Chen, Genshe Blasch, Erik Lynch, Robert GP IEEE TI Cognitive MIMO Sonar Based Robust Target Detection for Harbor and Maritime Surveillance Applications SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT ID RADAR; STAP AB Robust detection of various hostile threats is vital to protect Navy ships and other facilities within harbor and maritime environments. Traditional single-input single-output (SISO) sonar transmits single acoustic waveform by single projector, which has a few disadvantages including low target detection probability, low resolution, vulnerability of interception by the enemy, sensitivity to jamming, etc. Multi-input multi-output (MIMO), typically applied to communications and radar solutions, is an emerging technology that can be applied to sonar to overcome many of the SISO sonar disadvantages. In this paper, cognitive monostatic/bistatic/multistatic MIMO sonar approaches are proposed. MIMO sonar transmits different orthogonal acoustic waveforms from multiple projectors with different spatial distributions. Through space-time-waveform diversity, MIMO sonar is able to apply coherent processing techniques over the received signals, and acquires more diversity gains. The cognition concept proposed in the literature for radar and wireless communication is applied to MIMO sonar to improve its robustness and adaptability. The advantages of proposed cognitive MIMO sonar will be demonstrated by Monte Carlo computer simulations and compared to the SISO techniques.(12) C1 [Li, Wenhua; Chen, Genshe] DCM Res Resources LLC, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lynch, Robert] Naval undersea warfare Ctr, Newport, RI 02841 USA. RP Li, WH (reprint author), DCM Res Resources LLC, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. EM gchen@dcmresearchresources.com; erik.blasch@wpafb.af.mil; robert.s.lynch@navy.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 1639 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000167 ER PT S AU Linderman, R Spetka, S Emeny, S Fitzgerald, D AF Linderman, Richard Spetka, Scott Emeny, Susan Fitzgerald, Dennis GP IEEE TI Parallelizing a Multi-Frame Blind Deconvolution Algorithm on Clusters of Multicore Processors SO 2009 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2009 CL Big Sky, MT AB The parallelization strategy of the Physically-Constrained iterative Deconvolution (PCID) algorithm is being altered and optimized to enhance performance on emerging multi-core architectures. This paper reports results from porting PCID to multi-core architectures including the JAWS supercomputer at the Maui HPC Center (60 TFLOPS of dual-dual Xeon (R) nodes) and the Cell Cluster at AFRL in Rome, NY (52 TFLOPS of Playstation 3 (R) nodes with IBM Cell Broadband Engine (R) multi-cores and 14 dual-quad Xeon headnodes). For 512x512 image sizes FFT performance exceeding 60 GFLOPS has been observed on dual-quad Xeon nodes. Multi-core architectures programmed with multiple threads delivered significantly better performance for parallelization of the low level image convolution operations compared to earlier parallelization across cluster nodes with MPI. Another focus of the PCID multi-core effort was to move from MPI message passing to a pub I ish-subscribe-query approach to information management. The publish, subscribe and query infrastructure was optimized for large scale machines, such as JAWS, and features a "loose coupling" of publishers to subscribers through intervening brokers. This change makes runs on large HPCs with thousands of intercommunicating cores more flexible and more fault tolerant.(12) C1 [Linderman, Richard] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, AFRL RI, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Spetka, Scott; Emeny, Susan; Fitzgerald, Dennis] ITT Adv Engn & Sci, AFRL RITB, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Linderman, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, AFRL RI, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM Richard.Linderman@rl.af.mil; Scott.Spetka.ctr@rl.af.mil; Susan.Emeny.ctr@rl.af.mil; Dennis.Fitzgerald.ctr@rl.af.mil NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-2621-8 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2009 BP 2383 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BME07 UT WOS:000271964000243 ER EF